# lead
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English led, leed, from Old English lēad (“lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laud (“lead”), possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”).
Cognate with Scots leid, lede (“lead”), North Frisian lud, luad (“lead”), West Frisian lead (“lead”), Dutch lood (“lead”), Low German Lod (“solder, plummet”), German Lot (“solder, plummet, sounding line”), Swedish lod (“solder, plummet”), Icelandic lóð (“a plumb, weight”), Irish luaidhe (“lead”) Latin plumbum (“lead”), Finnish luoti (“bullet”). Doublet of loth. More at flow.
* (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; see black lead and plumbago.

#### Alternative forms

* ♄ (alchemy)

#### Pronunciation

* enPR: lĕd, IPA: /lɛd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛd
* Homophone: led

#### Noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)
* (uncountable) A heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic number 82, symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum).
    Synonym: plumbum
* (countable, nautical) A plummet or mass of lead attached to a line, used in sounding depth at sea or (dated) to estimate velocity in knots.
* A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of type in printing.
* (uncountable, typography) Vertical space in advance of a row or between rows of text. Also known as leading.
    This copy has too much lead; I prefer less space between the lines.
* Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs.
* (countable) A roof covered with lead sheets or terne plates.
** 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Building”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:I would have the tower two stories, and goodly leads upon the top.
** 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:These rooms were on a level with the apartments of our friends Bows and Costigan next door at No. 4; and by reaching over the communicating leads, Grady could command the mignonette-box which bloomed in Bows’s window.
* (countable) A thin cylinder of graphite used in pencils.
    Synonym: pencil lead
* (slang) Bullets; ammunition.
    They pumped him full of lead.
** 2012, “Backseat Freestyle”, performed by Kendrick Lamar:All my life I want money and power Respect my mind or die from lead shower
* (medicine, in the plural) X-ray protective clothing lined with lead.
    You must remember to wear your leads.

##### Derived terms

* acetate of lead
* arm the lead
* black lead
* blue lead
* cast the lead, heave the lead
* chromate of lead
* coasting lead
* cold lead
* corroding lead
* deep-sea lead
* eat lead
* eka-lead
* get the lead out
* go down like a lead balloon
* go down like a lead zeppelin
* go over as well as a lead balloon
* go over like a lead balloon
* go over like a lead zeppelin
* hand lead
* lap in lead
* lay in lead
* lead accumulator
* lead acetate
* lead-acid
* lead-acid battery
* lead-arming
* lead arsenate
* lead-ash, lead-ashes
* lead-back
* lead balloon
* lead-bath
* lead-blue
* lead bronze
* lead-brown
* lead bullion
* lead-burn
* lead burning
* lead carbonate
* lead cell
* lead chamber
* lead chamber process
* lead chloride
* lead climbing
* lead colic
* lead-colored, lead-coloured
* lead color, lead colour
* lead-comb
* lead crystal
* lead dichloride
* lead dinitrate
* lead dioxide
* lead distemper
* lead-eater
* leaded
* lead encephalopathy
* lead-flat
* lead-foot
* lead-footed
* lead-free
* lead glance
* lead glass
* lead-glaze
* lead-glazed
* lead-gray, lead-grey
* lead hopping
* lead hydride
* lead hydrogen arsenate
* lead in one's pencil
* lead iodide
* leadless
* lead-light
* lead-like
* lead line
* lead-man
* lead-marcasite
* lead mill
* lead monoxide
* lead-nail
* lead nitrate
* lead ocher, lead ochre
* lead oxide
* lead paint
* lead palsy
* lead-paper
* lead-papered
* lead paralysis
* lead pencil
* lead peroxide
* lead-pipe cinch
* lead plant
* lead-plaster
* lead poisoner
* lead poisoning
* lead-poisoning
* lead-pot
* lead ratio
* lead-reeve
* lead sandwich
* lead selenide
* lead shot
* lead-sinker
* leadsman
* lead-soap
* lead-spar
* lead suboxide
* lead-sugar
* lead sugar
* lead sulfate
* lead sulfide, lead sulphide
* lead sulphate
* lead-swing
* lead swinger
* lead-swinger
* lead-swinging
* lead tetraethyl
* lead tetroxide
* lead-tin
* lead-tree
* lead vanadate
* Leadville
* lead-vitriol
* lead-wash
* lead-water
* lead wool
* lead-work
* lead-works
* lead-wort
* leadzyme
* Ledder
* low-background lead
* mock lead
* pencil lead
* pig lead
* pot lead
* red lead
* red lead ore
* stop lead
* strike a lead
* sugar of lead
* swing the lead
* tea lead
* telluride of lead
* tetraethyl lead
* thorium lead
* throw the lead
* traffic lead
* unleaded
* uranium lead
* uranium-lead dating
* white lead
* white lead ore

##### Translations
#### Verb

lead (third-person singular simple present leads, present participle leading, simple past and past participle leaded)
* (transitive) To cover, fill, or affect with lead.
    continuous firing leads the grooves of a rifle.
* (transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.
    to lead a page
    leaded matter

##### Translations
#### See also

* anglesite
* aplomb
* cerussite
* galena
* litharge
* plumb
* plumbagin
* plumbago
* plumballophane
* plumbane
* plumbary
* plumbate
* plumbator
* plumb dulcis
* plumbean
* plumbeous
* plumber
* plumbian
* plumbic
* plumbicon
* plumbiferous
* plumbine
* plumbing
* plumbism
* plumbisolvency
* plumbisolvent
* plumbite
* plumb-joint
* plumbless
* plumbly
* plumbous
* plumb-, plumbo-
* plumby
* plummet
* TEL

#### Further reading

* David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Lead”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
* “lead”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2025.
* lead on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

From Middle English leden, from Old English lǣdan (“to lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną (“to cause one to go, lead”), causative of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, die”).
Cognate with West Frisian liede (“to lead”), Dutch leiden (“to lead”), German leiten (“to lead”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lede (“to lead”), Norwegian Nynorsk leia (“to lead”), Swedish leda (“to lead”). Related to Old English līþan (“to go, travel”).

#### Alternative forms

* lede, leed (both obsolete)

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: lēd, IPA: /liːd/
* (General American) IPA: /lid/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːd
* Homophones: leed, lede, lied (“song”)

#### Verb

lead (third-person singular simple present leads, present participle leading, simple past and past participle led)
* (heading, transitive) To guide or conduct.
** To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection.
    a father leads a child    a jockey leads a horse with a halter    a dog leads a blind man
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 15:14:If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 4:29:They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill.
*** a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:In thy right hand lead with thee / The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty.
*** 1881, P. Chr. Asbjörnsen [i.e., Peter Christen Asbjørnsen], translated by H. L. Brækstad, Round the Yule Log. Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, →OCLC, page 271:As he was going home to the palace, he met an old woman leading a golden goose.
** To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.
    The guide was able to lead the tourists through the jungle safely.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 13:21:The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 23:2:He leadeth me beside the still waters.
*** 1673, John Milton, “[Sonnet] [Sonnet] XXI”, in Poems, &c. upon Several Occasions, London: […] Tho[mas] Dring […], →OCLC:This thought might lead me through the world’s vain mask. Content, though blind, had I no better guide.
*** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
** (figuratively): To direct; to counsel; to instruct
    A good teacher should lead their students to the right answer.
** To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; to command, especially a military or business unit.
    to lead a political party
    to lead the search team
*** 1664, Robert South, “(please specify the sermon number)A Sermon Preached Before the University at Christ-Church, Oxon”, in Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], new edition, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] Thomas Tegg, […], published 1843, →OCLC:Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or possess places.The spelling has been modernized.
** To guide or conduct oneself in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).
    The evidence leads me to believe he is guilty.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Timothy 2:2:That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life.
*** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXIII:Nor thou with shadow'd hint confuse / A life that leads melodious days.
*** 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 61, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:You remember […] the life he used to lead his wife and daughter.
* (intransitive) To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or preeminence; to be first or chief; — used in most of the senses of the transitive verb.
* (heading) To begin, to be ahead.
** (transitive) To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among.
    the big sloop led the fleet of yachts;  the Guards led the attack;  Demosthenes leads the orators of all ages
*** 1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso
    As Hesperus, that leads the sun his way.
*** c. 1819, Leigh Hunt, Abou Ben Adhem:And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest.
*** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:“Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.
** (intransitive) To proceed in front of others; to go first.
    The standard-bearers led and the rest of the marchers followed.
** (intransitive) To be more advanced in technology or business than others.
    It leads in the information technology sector.
** (heading, sports)
*** (transitive, card games, dominoes) To begin a game, round, or trick, with
    to lead trumps
    He led the ace of spades.
*** (intransitive) To be ahead of others, e.g., in a race.
*** (intransitive) To have the highest interim score in a game.
*** (baseball) To step off base and move towards the next base.
    The batter always leads off base.
*** (shooting) To aim in front of a moving target, in order that the shot may hit the target as it passes.
*** (transitive, climbing) Lead climb.
* (transitive) To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure
    to lead someone to a righteous cause
** 1649, King Charles I of England, Eikon Basilike:He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than led by his own disposition, to any rigor of actions.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Timothy 3:6:Silly women, laden with sins, led away by divers lusts.
** 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
* (intransitive) To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place.
    the path leads to the mill;  gambling leads to other vices
** c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:The mountain-foot that leads towards Mantua.
** 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism. That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition. It is therefore dealing with pollution in two ways—suppression and mitigation.
* To produce. [with to]
    The shock led to a change in his behaviour.
** 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. […] It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped.
* Misspelling of led.
* (transitive, usually with "life") To live or experience (a particular way of life).
** 1969, “N.I.B.”, in John Osbourne (lyrics), Black Sabbath, performed by Black Sabbath:Follow me now and you will not regret / Leaving the life you led before we met. / You are the first to have this love of mine, / Forever with me till the end of time.

##### Derived terms

* all roads lead to Mecca
* all roads lead to Rome
* all roads lead to Sydney
* belead
* blind leading the blind
* forelead
* forlead
* forthlead
* inlead
* lead a cat-and-dog life
* lead astray
* lead by example
* lead by the nose
* lead captive
* leader
* lead from the front
* leading
* lead nowhere
* lead off
* lead on
* lead out
* lead someone a dance
* lead someone down the garden path / lead someone up the garden path
* lead the charge
* lead the line
* lead the way
* lead through
* lead up
* lead up to
* lead with one's chin
* mislead
* nose-led
* offlead
* one thing led to another
* onlead
* outlead
* overlead
* pixie-led
* pixy-led
* underlead

##### Related terms

* lad
* laddie

##### Translations
#### Noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)
* (countable) The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction, course
    to take the lead
    to be under the lead of another
** 1796, Edmund Burke, A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, […], London: […] J. Owen, […], and F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC:At the time I speak of, and having a momentary lead, […] I am sure I did my country important service.
* (countable) Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; the state of being ahead in a race; the highest score in an incomplete game.
    the white horse had the lead.
    to be in the lead
    She lost the lead.
    Smith managed to extend her lead over the second place to half a second.
** 2010 December 28, Kevin Darlin, “West Brom 1 – 3 Blackburn”, in BBC Sport‎:Blackburn then regained the lead with a simplest of set-piece goals
* (UK, countable) An insulated metallic wire for electrical devices and equipment.
* (baseball) The situation where a runner steps away from a base while waiting for the pitch to be thrown.
    The runner took his lead from first.
* (uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played
    your partner has the lead
* (acting, theater) The main role in a play or film; the lead role.
** 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 43:"You make moving pictures. In jungles and places." "That's me. And I've picked you for the lead in my next picture."
* (acting) The actor who plays the main role; lead actor.
* (business) The person in charge of a project or a work shift etc.
    John is the development lead on this software product.
* (countable) A channel of open water in an ice field.
* (countable, mining) A lode.
* (nautical) The course of a rope from end to end.
* A rope, leather strap, or similar device with which to lead an animal; a leash
* In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.
** Usage note: When used alone it means outside lead, or lead for the admission of steam. Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust.
* (civil engineering) The distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment.
* (horology) The action of a tooth, such as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.
* Hypothesis that has not been pursued
    The investigation stalled when all leads turned out to be dead ends.
* Information obtained by a detective or police officer that allows him or her to discover further details about a crime or incident.
    The police have a couple of leads they will follow to solve the case.
* (marketing) Potential opportunity for a sale or transaction, a potential customer.
    Joe is a great addition to our sales team, he has numerous leads in the paper industry.
* Information obtained by a news reporter about an issue or subject that allows him or her to discover more details.
* (curling) The player who throws the first two rocks for a team.
* (US, journalism) The introductory paragraph or paragraphs of a newspaper, or a news or other type of article. (Sometimes spelled as lede for this usage to avoid ambiguity.)
    Synonym: lead paragraph
* An important news story that appears on the front page of a newspaper or at the beginning of a news broadcast
* (engineering) The axial distance a screw thread travels in one revolution. It is equal to the pitch times the number of starts.
* (music) In a barbershop quartet, the person who sings the melody, usually the second tenor.
* (music) The announcement by one voice part of a theme to be repeated by the other parts.
* (music) A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.
* (music) A primary synth, often composed of square, sawtooth, triangle or sine waveforms.
* (engineering) The excess above a right angle in the angle between two consecutive cranks, as of a compound engine, on the same shaft.
* (electrical) The angle between the line joining the brushes of a continuous-current dynamo and the diameter symmetrical between the poles.
* (electrical) The advance of the current phase in an alternating circuit beyond that of the electromotive force producing it.

##### Derived terms

* axial lead
* bury the lead
* clubhouse lead
* dog lead
* extension lead
* friendly lead
* in the lead
* jump lead
* kettle lead
* lead angle
* lead in
* lead-out
* lead pursuit
* lead role
* lead screw
* power lead
* shift lead
* take the lead
* tri-lead

##### Translations
#### Adjective

lead (not comparable)
* (not comparable) Foremost.
    The contestants are all tied; no one has the lead position.
** 2006, Ronald Mak, The Martian Principles for Successful Enterprise Systems:For the first time ever, the senior architect and lead developer for a key enterprise system on NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover mission shares the secrets to one of the most difficult technology tasks […]
    Synonyms: first, front, head, leader, leading
* Main, principal, primary, first, chief, foremost.
    the lead guitarist in band
    the lead developer on a software project
** 2017 August 25, "Arrest threat as Yingluck Shinawatra misses verdict", in aljazeera.com, Al Jazeera:
    Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand's ex-prime minister, has missed a verdict in a negligence trial that could have seen her jailed, prompting the Supreme Court to say it will issue an arrest warrant fearing she is a flight risk, according to the lead judge in the case.

##### Derived terms

* forecast lead time
* lead character
* lead climber
* lead dog
* lead fiddle
* lead guitar
* lead-lag
* lead name
* lead plane
* lead sheet
* lead singer
* lead single
* lead tenant
* lead vocalist
* lead vocals

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

lead
* Misspelling of led.

#### References

* “lead”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “lead”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* ALDE, Adel, Dale, Deal, Dela, E.D. La., Lade, Leda, adle, dale, deal, lade

## Hungarian
### Etymology

le- +‎ ad

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɛɒd]
* Hyphenation: le‧ad
* Rhymes: -ɒd

### Verb

lead
* (transitive) to pass down, hand down, turn in, drop off
* (transitive) to lose weight, usually as a result of some kind of training or exercise

#### Derived terms

* leadás
* leadja a voksát

### Further reading

* lead in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Middle English
### Noun

lead
* Alternative form of led (“lead”)

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laud.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /læ͜ɑːd/

### Noun

lēad n
* lead

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* līeden

#### Descendants

* Middle English: led, lead, lede, leed, leod, leyd, leyt, læd (Early Middle English)
** English: lead
** Scots: leid, lede
** Yola: leed

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English lead.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlit/
* Rhymes: -it
* Syllabification: lead
* Homophones: lit, -lit

### Noun

lead m inan
* (newspapers, journalism) lead paragraph, teaser, lead-in (start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* lead in Polish dictionaries at PWN