# galena
## English
### Etymology

From Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡəˈliː.nə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːnə

### Noun

galena (usually uncountable, plural galenas or galenae)
* (mineralogy) A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead. [From circa 1600.]
** 1939 November, Raymond B. Wailes, “Chemical Engineering for Home Experimenters”, in Popular Science, page 207:You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers.
** 1942, G. F. Loughlin, A. H. Koschmann, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Magdalena Mining District, New Mexico, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 200, page 98,
    The galena of the ore contains microscopic inclusions of various forms that become visible upon polished surfaces etched with hydrochloric or nitric acid.
** 1953, “Report of the Committee on the Measurement of Geologic Time”, in U.S, National Research Council, page 132:These samples had higher Pb$^{206}$ and Pb$^{208}$ abundances than any other galenas yet examined.
** 2008, Sanghamitra Ghosh, Heavy Stable Isotope Investigations in Environmental Science and Archaeology, page 77:Very little galena has been reported (recovered mostly from burial mounds) in the Great Lakes region indicating that the mineral was not a major interregional exchange commodity during this period. However, numerous galenas have been recovered from the lower Mississippi Valley region and Florida indicating that galena was part of an important north-south exchange system (Walthall 1981).
* (medicine, obsolete) A remedy or antidote for poison; theriac

#### Synonyms

* galenite
* lead glance

#### Derived terms

* false galena
* galenic
* galenical
* galeniferous
* galenoid
* pseudogalena

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ 1809, Bartholomew Parr, "PROGNOSIS" in The London Medical Dictionary

### Further reading

* David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Galena”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
* “galena”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2025.

### Anagrams

* Angela, alnage, anlage, lagena

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin galēna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ɡəˈlɛ.nə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ɡəˈlə.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ɡaˈle.na]

### Noun

galena f (plural galenes)
* galena

### Further reading

* “galena” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “galena”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “galena” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “galena” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈlɛ.na/
* Rhymes: -ɛna
* Hyphenation: ga‧lè‧na

### Noun

galena f (plural galene)
* galena

### Further reading

* galena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”). See cognate Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ɡaˈleː.na/, [ɡäˈɫ̪eːnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ɡaˈle.na/, [ɡäˈlɛːnä]

### Noun

galēna f (genitive galēnae); first declension
* lead-ore
** 77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 33, chapter 31:
    Excoqui non potest, nisi cum plumbo nigro aut cum vena plumbi – galenam vocant – quae iuxta argenti venas plerumque reperitur.It cannot be smelted, except together with lead or with the vein of lead – they call it galena – that is mostly found next to veins of silver.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum to this entry?)
* (by extension) the dross that remains after smelting this ore
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Pliny the Elder to this entry?)
** 77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 34, chapter 47:
    Huius qui primus fuit in fornacibus liquor stagnum appellatur; qui secundus argentum; quod remansit in fornacibus, galena, quae fit tertia portio additae venae; haec rursus conflata dat nigrum plumbum deductis partibus nonis II.That which first becomes liquid in the furnaces is called stagnum; that which is second is silver; what remains in the furnaces is galena, which forms a third portion of the added vein; when again made to fuse this gives black lead, two-ninths having been deducted.
** 77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 34, chapter 53:
    Est et molybdaena, quam alio loco galenam appellavimus, vena argenti plumbique communis.There is also molybdaena, which elsewhere we have called galena, a mineral of silver and lead together.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: galena
* English: galena
* French: galène
* Italian: galena
* Spanish: galena

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γαλήνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257
* “gălēna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* gălēna in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 701/2.
* “galēna” on page 753/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

### Anagrams

* lagena

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin galēna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈlɛ.na/
* Rhymes: -ɛna
* Syllabification: ga‧le‧na

### Noun

galena f
* (mineralogy) galena
    Synonym: galenit

#### Related terms

* galenitowy
* galenit

### References

* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “galena”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

### Further reading

* galena in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin galēna.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡaˈlẽ.nɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡaˈlẽ.nɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ɡaˈle.na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɐˈle.nɐ/
* Hyphenation: ga‧le‧na

### Noun

galena f (plural galenas)
* (mineralogy) galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin galēna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈlena/ [ɡaˈle.na]
* Rhymes: -ena
* Syllabification: ga‧le‧na

### Noun

galena f (plural galenas)
* (mineralogy) galena

### Noun

galena f (plural galenas)
* female equivalent of galeno

### Further reading

* “galena”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10