# 建設
## Chinese

* 建設

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiànshè
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^3$ cit$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kien-sat / kian-sat
    (Hailu, HRS): gien$^ˇ$ shad
* Eastern Min (BUC): gióng-siék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng$^4$ seh$^6$ / gyeng$^4$ seh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-siat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giang$^6$ siag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$ci-seq$_7$ / $^5$cie-seq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiànshè
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiànshè
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$-shê$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn-shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannsheh
*** Palladius: цзяньшэ (czjanʹšɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^3$ cit$^3$
*** Yale: gin chit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^3$ tsit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^3$ qid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn³³ t͡sʰiːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-sat
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien sad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$ sad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ sat̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian-sat
*** Hakka Romanization System: gian sad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$ sad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵ sat̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien$^ˇ$ shad
*** Sinological IPA: /kien¹¹ ʃat⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng-siék
*** Sinological IPA : /kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$niɛʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^4$ seh$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤̍ng-seh
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^4$ seh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-siat
*** Tâi-lô: kiàn-siat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiernsiad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛt̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giang$^6$ siag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiăng siak
*** Sinological IPA : /kiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ siak̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci-seq$_7$
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$ seh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji-seq$_4$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³³ səʔ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cie-seq$_7$
*** MiniDict: cie$^去$ seh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕɪ⁵² səʔ³³/

### Verb

建設
* (transitive) to build; to construct; to establish; to set up
    建設特區／建设特区 ― jiànshè tèqū ― to build special zones
* (figurative, transitive) to contribute
* (Mainland China, transitive, figurative) to develop; to build; to establish; to set up
    黨的建設／党的建设 ― dǎng de jiànshè ― the building of a party
    社會主義建設／社会主义建设 ― shèhuìzhǔyì jiànshè ― the development of socialism
    思想建設／思想建设 ― sīxiǎng jiànshè ― ideological development
       Liánzhèng jiànshè shì guānxì dào dǎng hé guójiā shēngsǐyōuguān de dàshì. [Pinyin]
       The establishment of a clean and honest administration is a matter of life and death for both the party and the country.
* (Classical) to display; to set out; to decorate; to furnish

#### Synonyms

* (to build):
* 修建 (xiūjiàn)
* 修築 / 修筑 (xiūzhù)
* 塑建 (sùjiàn)
* 建構 / 建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
* 建築 / 建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
* 建造 (jiànzào)
* 搭 (Hokkien)
* 搭建 (dājiàn)
* 搭蓋 / 搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
* 搭設 / 搭设 (dāshè)
* 架構 / 架构 (jiàgòu)
* 構作 / 构作 (gòuzuò)
* 構建 / 构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
* 構築 / 构筑 (gòuzhù)
* 構造 / 构造 (gòuzào)
* 營造 / 营造 (yíngzào)
* 版築 / 版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
* 築 / 筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 築造 / 筑造 (zhùzào)
* 興修 / 兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
* 興建 / 兴建 (xīngjiàn)
* 興築 / 兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
* 起立 (qǐlì)

#### Derived terms

* 國家建設 / 国家建设 (guójiā jiànshè)
* 建設性 / 建设性 (jiànshèxìng)

#### Related terms

* 施工 (shīgōng)

### Proper noun

建設
* (～街道) Jianshe (a subdistrict of Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)
* (～鎮) Jianshe (a town in Baiyü, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)
* (～村) Jianshe (a village in Liuji, Dawu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 建 | 設 |
| けん Grade: 4 | せつ Grade: 5 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんせつ [kèńsétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kẽ̞ɰ̃se̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

建(けん)設(せつ) • (kensetsu)
* construction, building (of a dam, bridge, or other large project)
** 1948, 海野十三, 海底都市:
    そして日本(にほん)では、この海底都市(かいていとし)の建設(けんせつ)が始(はじ)まったわけです。
       Soshite nihon de wa, kono kaitei toshi no kensetsu ga hajimatta wake desu.
       And that's how Japan began building the underwater city.
* establishment of an organization

#### Synonyms

* (construction): 建築(けんちく) (kenchiku): construction (of a house or small building)
* (establishment): 設立(せつりつ) (setsuritsu)

### Verb

建(けん)設(せつ)する • (kensetsu suru) transitive suru (stem 建(けん)設(せつ)し (kensetsu shi), past 建(けん)設(せつ)した (kensetsu shita))
* construct, build (a large project, e.g. a dam, a bridge, a skyscraper, etc.)
* establish an organization

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 建設し | けんせつし | kensetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 建設し | けんせつし | kensetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 建設する | けんせつする | kensetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 建設する | けんせつする | kensetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 建設すれ | けんせつすれ | kensetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 建設せよ¹ 建設しろ² | けんせつせよ¹ けんせつしろ² | kensetsu seyo¹ kensetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 建設される | けんせつされる | kensetsu sareru |
| Causative | 建設させる 建設さす | けんせつさせる けんせつさす | kensetsu saseru kensetsu sasu |
| Potential | 建設できる | けんせつできる | kensetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 建設しよう | けんせつしよう | kensetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 建設しない | けんせつしない | kensetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 建設せず | けんせつせず | kensetsu sezu |
| Formal | 建設します | けんせつします | kensetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 建設した | けんせつした | kensetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 建設して | けんせつして | kensetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 建設すれば | けんせつすれば | kensetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 建 | 設 |

### Noun

建設 • (geonseol) (hangeul 건설)
* hanja form of 건설 (“construction”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 建 | 設 |

### Verb

建設
* chữ Hán form of kiến thiết.