# 首都
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǒudū
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau$^2$ dou$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siu$^2$ u$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sú-tû
* Eastern Min (BUC): siū-dŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): siu$^3$ dou$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siú-to͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siu$^2$ dou$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$seu-tu$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǒudū
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǒudu
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^3$-tu$^1$
*** Yale: shǒu-dū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shooudu
*** Palladius: шоуду (šoudu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Yale: sáu dōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siu$^2$ u$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siu⁵⁵ u³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú-tû
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˋ$ du$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^3$ du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /su³¹ tu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siū-dŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu³³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$lu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: siu$^3$ dou$^1$ [Phonetic: siu$^5$ dou$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siû-do
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ tɔu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: siu$^3$ dou$^1$ [Phonetic: siu$^5$ dou$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiu³³²⁻²¹ tɔu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú-to͘
*** Tâi-lô: siú-too
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siw'dof
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siu$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú tou
*** Sinological IPA : /siu⁵²⁻³⁵ tou³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$seu-tu$_1$
*** MiniDict: seu$^去$ tu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$seu-tu$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɤ³³ tu⁴⁴/

### Noun

首都
* capital; capital city (of a country) (Classifier: 個／个)
    非首都功能 ― fēi shǒudū gōngnéng ― non-capital functions
       Lúndūn shì Yīngguó de shǒudū. [Pinyin]
       London is the capital of the UK.

#### Usage notes

When translating the English term capital city, 首都 (shǒudū) is used when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會／省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都／国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language.

#### Synonyms

* 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
* 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
* 京師 / 京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
* 京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
* 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
* 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
* 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
* 國都 / 国都 (guódū)
* 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
* 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
* 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
* 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
* 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
* 都城 (dūchéng)
* 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
* 都門 / 都门 (dūmén) (literary)
* 鎬京 / 镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
* 長安 / 长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 澳大利亞首都特別行政區 / 澳大利亚首都特别行政区 (Àodàlìyà Shǒudū Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū)
* 澳大利亞首都領地 / 澳大利亚首都领地 (Àodàlìyà Shǒudū Lǐngdì)
* 澳洲首都特區 / 澳洲首都特区 (Àozhōu Shǒudū Tèqū)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 首都(しゅと) (shuto)
* → Korean: 수도(首都) (sudo)
* → Vietnamese: thủ đô (首都)
Others:
* → Zhuang: soujduh

#### See also

* 省會／省会 (shěnghuì)
* 首府 (shǒufǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 首 | 都 |
| しゅ Grade: 2 | と Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 首都 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅと [shúꜜtò] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しゅと [shùtóꜜ] (Odaka –)
* (Kyoto) しゅと [shúꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕɨ̥to̞]
* (Kyoto) しゅ​と [shúꜜtò] (Kōki)

### Noun

首(しゅ)都(と) • (shuto)
* capital, capital city
    東京(とうきょう)は日本(にっぽん)の首都(しゅと)です。
       Tōkyō wa Nippon no shuto desu.
       Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
    京都(きょうと)はかつて日本(にっぽん)の首都(しゅと)でした。
       Kyōto wa katsute Nippon no shuto deshita.
       Kyoto was once Japan's capital.

#### Derived terms

* 首都圏(しゅとけん) (shutoken)

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “首都”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “しゅ‐と 【首都】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 首 | 都 |

### Noun

首都 • (sudo) (hangeul 수도)
* hanja form of 수도 (“the capital of a country”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 首 | 都 |

### Noun

首都
* chữ Hán form of thủ đô (“capital, capital city”).