# pure
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English pure, pur, from Old French pur, from Latin pūrus (“clean, free from dirt or filth, unmixed, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). Displaced native Middle English lutter (“pure, clear, sincere”) (from Old English hlūtor, hluttor), Middle English skere (“pure, sheer, clear”) (from Old English scǣre and Old Norse skǣr), Middle English schir (“clear, pure”) (from Old English scīr), Middle English smete, smeate (“pure, refined”) (from Old English smǣte; compare Old English mǣre (“pure”)).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpjʊə/, /ˈpjɔː/
* (US) IPA: /ˈpjʊɹ/, /ˈpjoɹ/, /ˈpjɚ/
** Audio (US); /ˈpjʊɹ/:(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈpjʉːə/, /ˈpjoː/
* (Canada) IPA: /ˈpjuː(ə)ɹ/
** (dialectical) IPA: /ˈpɪʊ(ə)ɹ/
* (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /pjʉːɹ/
* (Ireland) IPA: /pjuːɹ/
* (Wales) IPA: /ˈpɪʊə(ɹ)/
* (cure–fir merger, rhotic) IPA: /ˈpjɝ/
* (cure–fir merger, non-rhotic) IPA: /ˈpjɜː/
* Rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ), -ɔː(ɹ)

#### Adjective

pure (comparative purer or more pure, superlative purest or most pure)
* Free of flaws or imperfections; unsullied.
** 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter VII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that ancient or modern history records.
* Free of foreign material or pollutants.
** 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy.
** 1837, Leitch Ritchie, Ireland Picturesque and Romantic, volume 1, page 225:As for the rest, the air here is said to be purer than elsewhere in Ireland; the water of the Nore is beautifully transparent; and the bogless state of the land helps out the rhyme.
** 1908 January 4, John Muir, “The Hetch Hetchy Valley”, in Sierra Club Bulletin‎, volume VI, number 4:"Hetch Hetchy water is the purest, wholly unpolluted, and forever unpollutable."
* Free of immoral behavior or qualities; clean.
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, 1 Timothy v:[22], folio cclxxviij, recto:Laye hondes sodenly on no man nether be part taker of wother mens synnes. Kepe thy silfe pure.
* Mere; that and that only.
    That idea is pure madness!
* (of a branch of science) Done for its own sake instead of serving another branch of science.
** 2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892:The [Isaac] Newton that emerges from the [unpublished] manuscripts is far from the popular image of a rational practitioner of cold and pure reason. The architect of modern science was himself not very modern. He was obsessed with alchemy.
* (phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants.
* (of sound) Without harmonics or overtones; not harsh or discordant.
* (Bermuda, slang) A lot of.
** 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-12:Well when ah's youngah, ah'd just light a candle rahn de dinna table play pure crazy 8s and spades vif my brotha til we lot dozed off...

##### Synonyms

* (free of flaws): see Thesaurus:pure
* (free of foreign material): see Thesaurus:raw
* (free of immoral behavior): innocent, chaste

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “free of flaws”): dirty, flawed, impure
* (antonym(s) of “free of foreign material”): contaminated, impure
* (antonym(s) of “free of immoral behavior”): corrupt, guilty, sinful
* (antonym(s) of “done for its own sake”): applied

##### Derived terms

* as pure as the driven snow
* enantiopure
* fullblood
* hyperpure
* immunopure
* nanopure
* nonpure
* pure air
* pure and simple
* pure as driven snow
* pure as the driven snow
* pureblood
* pureblooded
* pure blue
* pure-bred
* purebred
* purebreed
* pure cancer
* pure collector
* pure country
* pure customer
* pure democracy
* pure ego
* pure endowment
* pure evil
* pure finder
* pure gatherer
* pure good
* pure-hearted
* pure imaginary number
* pure-impure
* pure laine
* pure land
* pure mathematics
* pure name
* pureness
* pure O
* pure-play
* pureplay
* pure quartz
* pure quill
* pure science
* pure sex
* pure virtual function
* pure virtual method
* purey
* radiopure
* repure
* semipure
* simon-pure
* stereopure
* superpure
* suprapure
* ultra-pure
* ultrapure
* unpure

##### Related terms

* purification
* purify
* purism
* purist
* puritan
* puritanism
* purity

##### Descendants

* → Welsh: piwr

##### Translations

Arabic: (indefinite) صَافٍ (ṣāfin), (definite) اَلصَّافِي (aṣ-ṣāfī)
Armenian: անարատ (hy) (anarat)
Asturian: puru
Azerbaijani: xalis (az), saf (az), təmiz (az)
Belarusian: чы́сты m (čýsty)
Catalan: pur (ca)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 純 / 纯 (seon$^4$)
Mandarin: 純粹 / 纯粹 (zh) (chúncuì), 纯的 (chún de)
Cornish: pur
Czech: ryzí (cs) m
Dutch: puur (nl), onverontreinigd, klaar (nl), klinkklaar (nl)
Egyptian: (wꜥb)
Esperanto: pura
Estonian: puhas (et)
Faroese: reinur
Finnish: puhdas (fi); pelkkä (fi), silkka (fi)
French: pur (fr) m
Galician: puro (gl)
Georgian: სუფთა (supta)
German: rein (de), bloß (de), schier (de)
Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍃 (hlutrs)
Greek: καθαρός (el) (katharós)
Ancient: καθαρός (katharós)
Hungarian: tiszta (hu), színtiszta (hu), (e.g. gold) szín- (hu), merő (hu), puszta (hu), teljes (hu), hamisítatlan (hu)
Icelandic: hreinn (is)
Ingrian: aima
Interlingua: pur
Italian: puro (it)
Japanese: 純粋な (ja) (じゅんすいな, junsui na)
Korean: 맑다 (ko) (makda), 순수한 (sunsuhan)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ڕوون (rûn)
Latin: pūrus, merus
Latvian: tīrs (lv)
Malay: tulen (ms)
Maltese: pur
Maori: parakore, horomata
Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
Norman: pur
Norwegian:
Bokmål: ren (no), rein (no), ublandet
Nynorsk: rein, ublanda
Occitan: pur (oc)
Old English: clǣne
Ottoman Turkish: ساده (sade)
Persian: محض (fa) (mahz)
Plautdietsch: rein
Polish: czysty (pl) m
Portuguese: puro (pt)
Romanian: sadea (ro)
Russian: чи́стый (ru) (čístyj)
Sanskrit: पावक (sa) m (pāvaka)
Slovak: čistý m, číry m
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: cysty
Spanish: puro (es)
Swedish: ren (sv)
Tagalog: tagnas
Thai: บริสุทธิ์ (th) (bɔɔ-rí-sùt)
Tocharian B: astare
Turkish: saf (tr)
Ugaritic: 𐎉𐎅𐎗 (ṭhr)
Ukrainian: чи́стий (čýstyj)
Yiddish: ריין (reyn) :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Adverb

pure (not comparable)
* (Liverpool, Scotland) to a great extent or degree; extremely; exceedingly.
    You’re pure busy.
** 1996, Trainspotting (film)
    I just get pure shy with the interview cats.

##### Translations
#### Verb

pure (third-person singular simple present pures, present participle puring, simple past and past participle pured)
* (golf) To hit (the ball) completely cleanly and accurately.
    Tiger Woods pured his first drive straight down the middle of the fairway.
* (transitive, obsolete) To cleanse; to refine.

#### Noun

pure (countable and uncountable, plural pures)
* One who, or that which, is pure.
** 1845, The Lancet, page 187:... the establishment of an inferior College, and the consequent connexion of the many thousands of British practitioners in medicine and surgery with a subordinate institution, and one that should be subservient to the government of the pures.
** c. 1870, D. K. Gavan, Rocky Road to Dublin:Took a drop of the pure, to keep my spirits from sinking, […]
** 1998, Christopher Leigh Connery, The Empire of the Text: Writing and Authority in Early Imperial China, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 30:All interpretive frames will impose their categories on the object of historical analysis, and I am not proposing that this narrative of the "pures"; be rejected in favor of some phantasmatic framework that claims to derive more purely from the sources themselves. I will show in chapter 3 that, since the "pures" possibly did not even exist […]

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pjʊə/
* (General American) IPA: /pjʊɹ/
* Rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)

#### Noun

pure (uncountable)
* Alternative form of puer (“dung (e.g. of dogs)”)
** 1851, H. Mayhew, London Labour and the London poor, vII. 142/1:[…] Dogs'-dung is called ‘Pure’, from its cleansing and purifying properties.
** 2001, Wendy Lawton, chapter 8, in The Tinker's Daughter:Mary smelled the rancid odor of the tannery on the right side of the road. […] "What is that, Mary?" Jake asked. "'Tis a bag for collecting pure. That is going to be your job, Jake. You are to collect pure." "Pure? What is pure?" "Pure is another word for dung," Mary answered.
** 2013, Terry Pratchett, Raising Steam, page 28:[…] surely there was something better for him than chasing the pure (footnote: A term, technically speaking, for dog muck, much prized by the tanneries.) […]

### Further reading

* “pure”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “pure”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Pu'er, puer, Prue, reup, re-up, Puer, Pre-U, Perú, Peru, pu'er, Rupe

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Latin pūre, the adverb of pūrus (“clean, pure”); or the definite form of pur (“pure”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /puːrə/, [ˈpʰuːɐ̯]

#### Adjective

pure
* complete
* (adverbial) completely

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### Etymology 2

From French purée (“puree”).

#### Alternative forms

* puré

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pyre/, [pʰyˈʁæ]

#### Noun

pure c (singular definite pureen, plural indefinite pureer)
* puree

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /puːrə/, [ˈpʰuːɐ̯]

#### Adjective

pure
* definite of pur
* plural of pur

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpure]
* Rhymes: -ure
* Hyphenation: pu‧re

### Adverb

pure
* purely

## Finnish
### Verb

pure
* inflection of purra:
** indicative present connegative
** second-person singular imperative present/present connegative

### Anagrams

* Peru, peru

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pyʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -yʁ
* Homophones: pur, purent, pures, purs

### Adjective

pure
* feminine singular of pur

### Anagrams

* peur
* puer
* repu
* rupe, rupé

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

pure
* inflection of pur:
** strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
** strong nominative/accusative plural
** weak nominative all-gender singular
** weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpu.re/
* Rhymes: -ure
* Hyphenation: pù‧re

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

pure
* feminine plural of puro

### Etymology 2

From Latin pūrē, the adverb of pūrus.

#### Adverb

pure
* too, also, as well
    Synonym: anche
* well, surely
* please, by all means
* if you like; if you want (etc.)
    Parli pure (with third-person subjunctive) ― let him speak if he likes
    Parla pure (with imperative) ― Speak if you like
    Lei parli pure (with formal subjunctive-imperative) ― Speak if you like

#### Conjunction

pure
* even though, even if, although
* nevertheless

### References

* ↑ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951; headword pure

### Anagrams

* Perù, prue, rupe

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From pūrus (“clean; pure”) and -e (“-ly, -ily”).

#### Adverb

pūrē (comparative pūrius, superlative pūrissimē)
* clearly, brightly, cleanly
* correctly, faultlessly, perfectly, purely
    loqui pureto speak correctly

##### Synonyms

* (correctly): ēmendātē

##### Descendants

* Italian: pure

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

pūre
* ablative singular of pūs

### References

* “pure”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pure”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia) (ambiguous) astronomy: astrologia (pure Latin sidera, caelestia)

### Anagrams

* puer, rūpe

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* pur, puyr, pore, poure, peure, puȝr, puir, puire, puyre

### Etymology

From Old French pur, from Latin pūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /piu̯r/

### Adjective

pure (comparative purer, superlative purest)
* pure, unadulterated, undiluted, untarnished
* entire, total, all
* perfect, wonderful, unflawed
* morally clean, pure, or upstanding
* chaste
* true, real, genuine, not counterfeit
* clear, obvious, simple

#### Descendants

* Scots: puir, pure
* English: pure
* → Cornish: pur

#### References

* “pūr(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-02.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

pure m (definite singular pureen, indefinite plural pureer, definite plural pureene)
* alternative spelling of puré

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʉˈreː/

#### Noun

pure m (definite singular pureen, indefinite plural purear, definite plural pureane)
* alternative spelling of puré

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²pʉː.rə/

#### Adjective

pure
* definite singular of pur
* plural of pur

## Rapa Nui
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *pule.

### Noun

pure
* cowrie

## Scots
### Adjective

pure (comparative mair pure, superlative maist pure)
* completely, utterly
    The auld man wis pure ragin!The old man was absolutely furious!

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

pure class IX (plural pure class X)
* githeri (traditional Kenyan meal of maize and beans mixed and boiled together)
    Synonym: kande

## Swedish
### Adjective

pure
* definite natural masculine singular of pur

### Anagrams

* Peru