# 痴

| 痴 | U+75F4, &#30196; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F4 |
| ← 痳 [U+75F3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 痵 → [U+75F5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

痴 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大人大口 (KOKR), four-corner 0016$_0$, composition ⿸疒知)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 38
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22257
* Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2681, character 1
* Unihan data for U+75F4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 彘 | *l'eds |
| 璏 | *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled |
| 薙 | *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ |
| 知 | *ʔl'e |
| 蜘 | *te |
| 智 | *ʔl'es |
| 鼅 | *te |
| 潪 | *teɡs, *deɡ |
| 踟 | *de |
| 雉 | *l'iʔ |
| 矢 | *hliʔ |
| 痴 | *l̥ʰɯ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chī (chi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̂
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ci$^1$ / ti$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhi / thi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ci$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$tshy / $^1$tshyu
** (Jinhua): $^1$tshy; $^1$chiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chī
*** Zhuyin: ㄔ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chih
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^1$
*** Yale: chr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chy
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̂
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ci$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ci$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ti$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
*** Tâi-lô: tshi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chy
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰi³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thi
*** Tâi-lô: thi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ty
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰi⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ci$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Chuansha, Jiaxing, Haining, Hangzhou, Shaoxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshy
*** MiniDict: tshy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰz̩³³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sʰz̩⁵²/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Kunshan)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshyu
*** MiniDict: tshyu$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshy; $^1$chiu
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sʰz̩³³⁴/, /t͡ɕʰy³³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: trhi
Rime :
| Character | 痴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丑之切 |
| Baxter | trhi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶʰi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 痴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11505 |
| Phonetic component | 矢 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 癡 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰɯ/ |

### Definitions

痴
* foolish; stupid; dumb; silly
* infatuated; crazy about
* (Buddhism) moha, delusion, ignorance
* (Classical or dialectal) mad; insane

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 痴, 狂, 癲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瘋, 狂, 瘋癲, 瘋狂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 瘋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瘋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 神經病, 有毛病 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 痴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 瘋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瘋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 瘋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 八面威, 八面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 瘋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 癲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 瘋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋, short |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋, 黐膠花, short, 黐總掣, 黐大掣 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 癲, 黐線 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 癲, 黐線 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 癲, 黐線 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 瘋 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 癲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 癲, 癲脬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 痟, 魔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 癲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 痟 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 痟神 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 發痟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 發痟 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 痟 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 痟 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 痴 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 痴 |
| Wu | Danyang | 瘋 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 瘋 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 癲 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 癲 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 瘋 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 痴(ち) (chi)
* → Korean: 치(痴) (chi)
* → Vietnamese: si (痴)

### Compounds

* 一片痴心
* 似醉如痴
* 半痴不顛 / 半痴不颠
* 呢呢痴痴
* 如痴似醉
* 如痴如夢 / 如痴如梦
* 如痴如狂
* 如痴如迷
* 如痴如醉 (rúchīrúzuì)
* 如醉如痴 (rúzuìrúchī)
* 妍皮痴骨
* 嬌痴 / 娇痴
* 小黠大痴
* 情痴
* 愚痴 (yúchī)
* 懵懂痴呆
* 撒嬌撒痴 / 撒娇撒痴
* 撒風撒痴 / 撒风撒痴
* 書痴 / 书痴
* 獃痴 / 呆痴
* 男痴
* 痴人 (chīrén)
* 痴人痴福
* 痴人說夢 / 痴人说梦 (chīrénshuōmèng)
* 痴倒
* 痴傻
* 痴兒 / 痴儿
* 痴叔
* 痴呆
* 痴呆懵懂
* 痴呆症
* 痴姑娘
* 痴姨
* 痴子 (chīzi)
* 痴子望天坍，窮人望民反 / 痴子望天坍，穷人望民反
* 痴心 (chīxīn)
* 痴心女子負心漢 / 痴心女子负心汉
* 痴心妄想 (chīxīnwàngxiǎng)
* 痴情 (chīqíng)
* 痴想 (chīxiǎng)
* 痴掙 / 痴挣
* 痴搭搭
* 痴漢 / 痴汉 (chīhàn)
* 痴然如醉
* 痴物
* 痴狂 (chīkuáng)
* 痴獃 / 痴呆
* 痴男怨女 (chīnányuànnǚ)
* 痴痴
* 痴福
* 痴笑 (chīxiào)
* 痴肥 (chīféi)
* 痴蟲 / 痴虫
* 痴迷 (chīmí)
* 痴那
* 痴鈍 / 痴钝
* 痴長 / 痴长 (chīzhǎng)
* 痴頑 / 痴顽
* 痴頭怪腦 / 痴头怪脑
* 痴騃 / 痴𫘤
* 發痴 / 发痴
* 白痴 (báichī)
* 花痴 (huāchī)
* 詅痴符 / 𰵚痴符
* 貪夫痴客 / 贪夫痴客
* 賣痴獃 / 卖痴呆
* 音痴 (yīnchī)
* 風痴 / 风痴 (fēngchī)
* 墨痴

## Japanese
### Kanji

| Shinjitai | 痴 |
| Kyūjitai | 癡 |
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 癡)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
* Kun: おこ (oko, 痴)、しれる (shireru, 痴れる)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 痴
* ち Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 癡 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 痴 (MC trhi). Compare modern Mandarin 痴 (chī).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly, ignorance”) or मूढ (mūḍha, “fool”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ち [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

痴(ち) • (chi)
* foolishness, stupidity
* (Buddhism) ignorance, one of the three roots of the vice dharmas

#### Affix

痴(ち) • (chi)
* foolish, stupid
* senseless, mad
* craze, obsession

##### Derived terms

* 痴(ち)漢(かん) (chikan)
* 痴(ち)言(げん) (chigen)
* 痴(ち)女(じょ) (chijo)
* 痴(ち)情(じょう) (chijō)
* 痴(ち)人(じん) (chijin)
* 痴(ち)態(たい) (chitai)
* 痴(ち)鈍(どん) (chidon)
* 痴(ち)呆(ほう) (chihō)
* 痴(ち)話(わ) (chiwa)
* 音(おん)痴(ち) (onchi)
* 愚(ぐ)痴(ち) (guchi)
* 書(しょ)痴(ち) (shochi)
* 情(じょう)痴(ち) (jōchi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 痴
* おこ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 癡 (kyūjitai) 烏滸 尾籠 嗚呼 (rare)
⟨woko$_2$⟩ → */wəkə/ → /woko/ → /oko/
From Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おこ [óꜜkò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞ko̞]

#### Adjective

痴(おこ) • (oko) -na (adnominal 痴(おこ)な (oko na), adverbial 痴(おこ)に (oko ni))
* foolish, absurd
* indecent, indelicate

##### Usage notes

Historical sources show that this term is more often used as an attributive noun, followed by possessive particle の (no) when used to modify another noun.

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 痴だろ | おこだろ | oko daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 痴で | おこで | oko de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 痴だ | おこだ | oko da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 痴な | おこな | oko na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 痴なら | おこなら | oko nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 痴であれ | おこであれ | oko de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 痴ではない 痴じゃない | おこではない おこじゃない | oko de wa nai oko ja nai |
| Informal past | 痴だった | おこだった | oko datta |
| Informal negative past | 痴ではなかった 痴じゃなかった | おこではなかった おこじゃなかった | oko de wa nakatta oko ja nakatta |
| Formal | 痴です | おこです | oko desu |
| Formal negative | 痴ではありません 痴じゃありません | おこではありません おこじゃありません | oko de wa arimasen oko ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 痴でした | おこでした | oko deshita |
| Formal negative past | 痴ではありませんでした 痴じゃありませんでした | おこではありませんでした おこじゃありませんでした | oko de wa arimasen deshita oko ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 痴で | おこで | oko de |
| Conditional | 痴なら（ば） | おこなら（ば） | oko nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 痴だったら | おこだったら | oko dattara |
| Volitional | 痴だろう | おこだろう | oko darō |
| Adverbial | 痴に | おこに | oko ni |
| Degree | 痴さ | おこさ | okosa |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 痴なら | をこなら | woko nara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 痴に$^{[1]}$ 痴なり$^{[2]}$ | をこに をこなり | woko ni woko nari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 痴なり | をこなり | woko nari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 痴なる | をこなる | woko naru |
| Realis (已然形) | 痴なれ | をこなれ | woko nare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 痴なれ | をこなれ | woko nare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 痴ならず | をこならず | woko narazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 痴なれど | をこなれど | woko naredo |
| Causal conjunction | 痴なれば | をこなれば | woko nareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 痴ならば | をこならば | woko naraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 痴なりき | をこなりき | woko nariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 痴なりけり | をこなりけり | woko narikeri |
| Adverbial | 痴に | をこに | woko ni |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

#### Noun

痴(おこ) • (oko)
* foolishness, stupidity
* indecency, indelicateness

##### Derived terms

* 痴(おこ)痴(おこ)し (okōkoshi)
* 痴(おこ)がましい (okogamashii)
* 痴(おこ)がる (okogaru)
* 痴(おこ)絵(え) (okoe)
* 痴(おこ)言(ごと) (okogoto)
* 痴(おこ)付(づ)く (okozuku)
* 尾(び)籠(ろう) (birō)

### References

* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

痴 (eum 치 (chi))
* Alternative form of 癡

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

痴: Hán Nôm readings: si, sy, se
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation