OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# germanizar
## Occitan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

germanizar
* to Germanize

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Related terms

* germanic

### Further reading

* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 349.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From germânico +‎ -izar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒeʁ.ma.niˈza(ʁ)/ [ʒeɦ.ma.niˈza(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒeʁ.ma.niˈza(ʁ)/ [ʒeɦ.ma.niˈza(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʒeɾ.ma.niˈza(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʒeʁ.ma.niˈza(ʁ)/ [ʒeʁ.ma.niˈza(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʒeɻ.ma.niˈza(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒɨɾ.mɐ.niˈzaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒɨɾ.mɐ.niˈzaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʒɨɾ.mɐ.niˈza.ɾi/
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Hyphenation: ger‧ma‧ni‧zar

### Verb

germanizar (first-person singular present germanizo, first-person singular preterite germanizei, past participle germanizado)
* (transitive) to Germanize

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “germanizar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “germanizar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “germanizar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “germanizar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “germanizar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “germanizar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /xeɾmaniˈθaɾ/ [xeɾ.ma.niˈθaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /xeɾmaniˈsaɾ/ [xeɾ.ma.niˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ger‧ma‧ni‧zar

### Verb

germanizar (first-person singular present germanizo, first-person singular preterite germanicé, past participle germanizado)
* (transitive) to Germanize

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* germanización

#### Related terms

* germánico

### Further reading

* “germanizar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# gneiss
## English
### Etymology

From German Gneis, from Middle High German gneist (“spark”), from Old High German gneisto (“spark”). More at gnast.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: nīs, IPA: /ˈnaɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪs
* Homophone: nice

### Noun

gneiss (usually uncountable, plural gneisses)
* (geology) A common and widely-distributed metamorphic rock having bands or veins, but not schistose.
** 2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 98:The old towns along the route are as solidly built from the gneiss of the region as you might expect.

#### Derived terms

* augengneiss
* calc-gneiss
* calc silicate gneiss
* calc-silicate gneiss
* gneissic
* gneissoid
* gneissose
* gneissy
* orthogneiss
* paragneiss

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* sengis, singes, e-signs, essing
# gnosticize
## English
### Etymology

From Gnostic +‎ -ize.

### Verb

gnosticize (third-person singular simple present gnosticizes, present participle gnosticizing, simple past and past participle gnosticized)
* (transitive) To make Gnostic.

#### Derived terms

* gnosticizer
# stercory
## English
### Noun

stercory (uncountable)
* (obsolete) excrement; dung
* (obsolete) dunghouse

### References

* “stercory”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* corsetry
# daliom
## Welsh
### Verb

daliom
* (literary) first-person plural present subjunctive of dal

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# magħkus
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈkuːs/
* IPA: /maˤːˈkuːs/ (archaic)
* Audio (Gozo):(file)

### Adjective

magħkus (feminine singular magħkusa, plural magħkusin)
* miserable, pitiful
# zákusek
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* zákuska (rare)

### Etymology

From zakousat +‎ -ek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzaːkusɛk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

zákusek m inan (diminutive zákuseček)
* dessert
    Synonym: moučník

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “zákusek”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “zákusek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “zákusek”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# мерџани
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɛrd͡ʒani]
* Hyphenation: мер‧џа‧ни

### Noun

мерџани • (merdžani)
* inflection of мерџан m (merdžan):
** indefinite plural
** vocative plural
# Yolanda
## English
### Etymology

From Spanish Yolanda, the form of a medieval royal name of obscure, probably Germanic, origin. It has been identified with Latin Violante and Ancient Greek ἴον (íon, “violet”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

### Proper noun

Yolanda
* A female given name from Spanish.
** 1969, Coretta Scott King, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, page 107:I chose the name Yolanda Denise, but my husband had reservations about it. He questioned whether people would call her Yolanda or mispronounce the name. He was right. Her name is so frequently mispronounced that it bothers her. There is a tendency among middle-class Negroes to give their children unusual names. Perhaps they are seeking elegance or some special identification. I fell victim to this custom, rather than following the sensible practice of naming the baby after a member of the family.

#### Translations
## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Yolanda f
* a female given name, variant of Iolanda

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʝoˈlanda/ [ɟ͡ʝoˈlãn̪.d̪a]
* IPA: (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ʝoˈlanda/ [ɟ͡ʝoˈlãn̪.d̪a]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ʃoˈlanda/ [ʃoˈlãn̪.d̪a]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ʒoˈlanda/ [ʒoˈlãn̪.d̪a]
* Rhymes: -anda
* Syllabification: Yo‧lan‧da

### Proper noun

Yolanda f
* a female given name

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Yolanda.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /joˈlanda/ [joˈlan̪.d̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -anda
* Syllabification: Yo‧lan‧da

### Proper noun

Yolanda (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇ)
* a female given name from Spanish
# שתק
## Aramaic
### Verb

שתק • (transliteration needed)
* to silence

## Hebrew
### Verb

שָׁתַק • (shaták) (pa'al construction, future ישתוק / יִשְׁתֹּק)
* to shut up, to be silent, to be quiet

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Pronounced שָׁתַקְתֶּם and שָׁתַקְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. $^2$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

### Verb

שיתק / שִׁתֵּק • (shiték) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of שיתק (shiték).

### Verb

שותק / שֻׁתַּק • (shuták) (pu'al construction)
* defective spelling of שותק (shuták).

### Anagrams

* קשת
# magħlef
## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic مَعْلَف (maʕlaf).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaː.lɛf/
* IPA: /ˈmaˤː.lɛf/ (archaic)

### Noun

magħlef m (plural mgħalef)
* fodder (food for animals)
    Synonyms: għalf, ġwiez
# frugivorous
## English
### Etymology

From Latin frūx (“fruit”) +‎ -vorous.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɪvəɹəs

### Adjective

frugivorous (comparative more frugivorous, superlative most frugivorous)
* Having a diet that consists mostly of fruit; fruit-eating.
    Although the vampire bat is known for feeding on blood, most species of bat eat insects, and many are frugivorous.
** (Can we date this quote?), United States Department of Agriculture, AFRICAN TEPHRITIDAE: INVASIVE SPECIES THREATENING U.S. FRUIT & VEGETABLE PRODUCTS‎:All four primary objectives (development of diagnostic DNA tools for maggot identification; selection of natural enemies for biological control of tephritid pests; taxonomic work on tephritid flies; and discerning patterns of utilization wild host plants by frugivorous tephritid pests) were accomplished.

#### Derived terms

* nonfrugivorous

#### Related terms

* frugivore
# matbgħa
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmad.ba/
* IPA: /ˈmad.baˤ/ (archaic)

### Noun

matbgħa f (plural mtiebagħ)
* (archaic) printing press; printworks
    Synonym: stamperija
# matlgħa
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmat.la/
* IPA: /ˈmat.laˤ/ (archaic)

### Noun

matlgħa f
* Alternative form of matla’
# mbagħad
## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* imbagħad (after a consonant, mostly also after a pause)

### Etymology

From Arabic مِنْ بَعْدِ (min baʕdi). Compare Tunisian Arabic مبعد (mbaʕd, “then”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ɪ)mˈbaːt/
* IPA: /(ɪ)mˈbaˤːt/ (archaic)
* Homophones: nbagħat (general), nbagħad (except archaic rural accents)

### Adverb

mbagħad
* then, after that
** 2018, Antoinette Borg, Amina, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:Naqbeż għal fuq saqajja u mbagħad Miss Camilleri teħodli b’idi mingħajr ma tħares lejja.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* pitgħada (probably)
# megħjun
## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* mgħin (nonstandard)
* magħjun

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛˈjuːn/
* IPA: /mɛˤːˈjuːn/ (archaic)

### Participle

megħjun (feminine megħjuna, plural megħjunin)
* past participle of għen: helped
# zheva
## Albanian
### Verb

zheva
* first-person singular aorist of zhyej
# mgħadna
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaːd.na/
** IPA: /ˈmaˤːd.na/ (archaic)
** IPA: /(ɪ)mˈɣad.na/ (archaic, rustic)

### Verb

mgħadna
* first-person plural perfect of magħad
# mgħammar
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaːm.mar/
* IPA: /ˈmaˤːm.mar/ (archaic)

### Participle

mgħammar (feminine mgħammra, plural mgħammrin)
* past participle of għammar
# mgħarqbin
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /marˈʔbiːn/
* IPA: /maˤːrˈʔbiːn/ (archaic)

### Participle

mgħarqbin
* plural of mgħarqeb
# mgħarqeb
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaːr.ʔɛp/
* IPA: /ˈmaˤːr.ʔɛp/ (archaic)

### Participle

mgħarqeb (feminine mgħarqba, plural mgħarqbin)
* past participle of għarqeb
# mgħarqba
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaːr.ʔba/
* IPA: /ˈmaˤːr.ʔba/ (archaic)

### Participle

mgħarqba
* feminine singular of mgħarqeb
# mgħid
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛjt/, /majt/
** IPA: /məˤjt/ (archaic)
** IPA: /(ɪ)mˈɣiːt/ (archaic, rustic)
* Rhymes: -ɛjt, -ajt, -əˤjt, -iːt

### Noun

mgħid m
* verbal noun of magħad: chewing
# mgħoddi
## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* imgħoddi (optionally after a consonant, but almost always after the article)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔːd.dɪ/
* IPA: /ˈmɔˤːd.dɪ/ (archaic)

### Participle

mgħoddi (feminine mgħoddija, plural mgħoddija or mgħoddijin)
* past participle of għadda

### Noun

mgħoddi m
* past (time that has gone by)
    Synonym: passat
    Antonyms: futur, ġejjieni
# mibegħda
## Maltese
### Etymology

Either inherited from rare Arabic مَبْغَضة (mabḡaḍa, “an object or cause of hatred”) or otherwise an independent formation from bagħad with the same measure. The underlying form is *mibgħda, where -e- was inserted to break up the inadmissible consonant cluster.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪˈbɛː.da/
** IPA: /mɪˈbɛˤː.da/ (archaic)
** IPA: /mɪˈbɛɣ.da/ (archaic, rustic)
* Rhymes: -ɛːda, -ɛˤːda, -ɛɣda

### Noun

mibegħda f
* hate, hatred

### See also

* mbiegħda (not to be confused)
# miġemgħa
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪˈd͡ʒɛ.ma/
* IPA: /mɪˈd͡ʒɛ.maˤ/ (archaic)

### Noun

miġemgħa f (plural miġemgħat)
* Alternative form of miġimgħa
# mimgħud
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪˈmɔwt/, /mɪˈmawt/
** IPA: /mɪˈməˤwt/ (archaic)
** IPA: /mɪmˈɣuːt/ (archaic, rustic)
* Homophone: mibgħut (except rural)

### Participle

mimgħud (feminine mimgħuda, plural mimgħudin)
* past participle of magħad
# mistagħġba
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪsˈtaːd͡ʒ.ba/
* IPA: /mɪsˈtaˤːd͡ʒ.ba/ (archaic)
* Rhymes: -aːd͡ʒba, (archaic) -aˤːd͡ʒba

### Participle

mistagħġba
* feminine singular of mistagħġeb
# mistagħġbin
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪs.tad͡ʒˈbiːn/
* IPA: /mɪs.taˤːd͡ʒˈbiːn/ (archaic)
* Rhymes: -iːn

### Participle

mistagħġbin
* plural of mistagħġeb
# mistagħġeb
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪsˈtaː.d͡ʒɛp/
* IPA: /mɪsˈtaˤː.d͡ʒɛp/ (archaic)
* Rhymes: -aːd͡ʒɛp, -aˤːd͡ʒɛp

### Participle

mistagħġeb (feminine mistagħġba, plural mistagħġbin)
* active participle of stagħġeb: amazed, astonished, surprised
    Synonym: mgħaġġeb
# mixgħul
## Maltese
### Etymology 1

See the lemma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪˈʃɔwl/, /mɪˈʃawl/
* IPA: /mɪˈʃəˤwl/ (archaic)
* Rhymes: -ɔwl, -awl, (archaic) -əˤwl

#### Participle

mixgħul (feminine mixgħula, plural mixgħulin)
* past participle of xegħel: lit, alight, on, turned on

### Etymology 2

From Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪˈʃɔwl/, /mɪˈʃawl/
** IPA: /mɪˈʃəˤwl/ (archaic)
** IPA: /mɪʒˈɣuːl/ (archaic, rustic)
* Rhymes: -ɔwl, -awl, (archaic) -əˤwl, (archaic, rural) -uːl

#### Adjective

mixgħul (feminine singular mixgħula, plural mixgħulin)
* (archaic) busy, occupied
    Synonyms: medhi, mxiegħel
** ca. 1760, G.P.F. Agius de Soldanis, Discorso tra due contadini sopra il nuovo matrimonio di un figlio:Geit ghandek scbini, ghandi en kelmek iek ma entis[c] mescghul.Ġejt għandek, xbini. Għandi nkellmek, jekk m’intix mixgħul.I’ve come to you, my friend. I need to talk to you, if you’re not busy.
# mniegħem
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ɪ)mˈnɪː.jɛm/, /(ɪ)mˈnɪː.jam/
** IPA: /(ɪ)mˈnɪː.əˤm/ (archaic)
** IPA: /(ɪ)mˈnɪː.ɣɛm/ (archaic, rustic)

### Participle

mniegħem (feminine mniegħma, plural mnegħmin)
* past participle of niegħem
# mogħti
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔː.tɪ/
* IPA: /ˈmɔˤː.tɪ/ (archaic)

### Participle

mogħti (feminine mogħtija, plural mogħtijin)
* past participle of ta
# fruity
## English
### Etymology

From fruit +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɹuːti/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːti

### Adjective

fruity (comparative fruitier, superlative fruitiest)
* Containing fruit or fruit flavoring.
    That moist and fruity dish is simply delectable.
* Similar to fruit or tasting of fruit.
* (informal) Crazy.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:insane
* (informal, sometimes derogatory, chiefly US, of a male) Effeminate, flamboyant; homosexual.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:gay
* (informal, UK) Sexually suggestive.
    Synonyms: racy, risqué
    His text message was filled with fruity language.

#### Derived terms

* fruitily
* fruitiness
* fruity in the booty
* unfruity

#### Translations
### Noun

fruity (plural fruities)
* Alternative form of fruitie (“fruit machine”)
# mtalgħi
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ɪ)mˈtaː.lɛj/, /(ɪ)mˈtaː.laj/
* IPA: /(ɪ)mˈtaː.ləˤj/ (archaic)

### Noun

mtalgħi
* plural of matla’
# muġugħa
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muˈd͡ʒuː.wa/
* IPA: /muˈd͡ʒuː.aˤ/ (archaic)

### Adjective

muġugħa f
* feminine singular of muġugħ
# Rhea
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa), the mother of Zeus in Greek mythology.

### Proper noun

Rhea f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Rheidae – rheas.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Paleognathae – infraclass; Rheiformes - order; Rheidae - family

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Rhea americana - type species; Rhea pennata - other species

### References

* Rhea (bird) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Rhea on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Rhea on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN

## English
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹiː.ə/, /ˈɹeɪə/
* Rhymes: -iːə, -eɪə

#### Proper noun

Rhea
* (Greek mythology) A Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.
* (astronomy) Saturn V, one of the moons of Saturn.
* (astronomy) The asteroid 577 Rhea.
* A female given name from Ancient Greek in occasional use.

##### Derived terms

* Rheic
* Rhean

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Variant of Rea.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹeɪ/
* Rhymes: -eɪ
* Homophones: Rae, ray, Ray, re (one pronunciation), Re, Rea

#### Proper noun

Rhea
* A surname.
* An unincorporated community in Rhea's Mill Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States.

##### Derived terms

* Rhea County
* Rhea's Mill

### Anagrams

* Ahre, Hare, Hera, RHAe, Rahe, hare, hear, hera

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English Rhea, from Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa).

### Noun

Rhea
* a female given name from English [in turn from Ancient Greek]
* (Greek mythology) a Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus
* (astronomy) one of the moons of Saturn

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Rhea.

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Rhea, from Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥e.a/

### Proper noun

Rhea m
* (Greek mythology) Rhea (a titan)
* (astronomy) Rhea (a moon of Saturn)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

Solar System in Welsh · Cysawd yr Haul (layout · text) :
| Star | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Mercher | Gwener | y Ddaear | Mawrth | Ceres | Iau | Sadwrn | Wranws | Neifion | Plwton | Eris |
| Notable moons | — | — | y Lleuad | Phobos Deimos | — | Io Ewropa Ganymede Callisto | Mimas Enceladws Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Iapetws | Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon | Triton | Charon | Dysnomia |
# φάκελος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* φάκελλος (phákellos)

### Etymology

The suffix is a reminiscent of πύελος (púelos) and σκόπελος (skópelos). Furnée further compares φάσκωλος (pháskōlos, “leathern bag”) and βάσκιοι (báskioi). Solmsen hesitatingly compared σφάκελος (sphákelos, “spasm, gangrene”), suggesting a common meaning "drawn together, tied together". Cognate to Albanian bashkë (“together”). Beekes points out a variant φάκελλος (phákellos) in Aristotle, and says that this proves that this word is Pre-Greek, but this is dismissed by Nikolaev, claiming that the variant in question does not actually exist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰá.ke.los/ → /ˈɸa.ce.los/ → /ˈfa.ce.los/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pʰá.ke.los/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpʰa.ke.los/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɸa.ce.los/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈfa.ce.los/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈfa.ce.los/

### Noun

φάκελος • (phákelos) m (genitive φακέλου); second declension
* bundle, faggot

#### Descendants

* Greek: φάκελος (fákelos)

### References

* ↑ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 93

### Further reading

* “φάκελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* φάκελος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Greek
### Alternative forms

* φάκελλος m (fákellos)

### Noun

φάκελος • (fákelos) m (plural φάκελοι)
* envelope (stationery)
* file, dossier
* (computing) directory, folder (file storage)

#### Synonyms

* (computer directory): κατάλογος m (katálogos)

#### Derived terms

* φακελάκι n (fakeláki, “little envelope, bribe”)
# improvise
## English
### Etymology

From French improviser; ultimately from Latin improvisus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪmpɹəvaɪz/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Indic) IPA: /imˈpɾuːˌvajz/, /ˈimpɾuˌvajz/

### Verb

improvise (third-person singular simple present improvises, present participle improvising, simple past and past participle improvised)
* To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.
    He had no speech prepared, so he improvised.
    They improvised a simple shelter with branches and the rope they were carrying.
    She improvised a lovely solo.
** 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Another London Life”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 173:We have improvised the most charming party imaginable. The summer has come back by surprise. I own I wonder that June was not tired of us: still here is a day so sunny, that October does not know its own. The Duke of Wharton, Lord Hervey, and some two or three others, have designed a water-party in our honour.
* (South Asia, nonstandard) Synonym of improve

#### Synonyms

* fly by the seat of one's pants, play by ear, punt, think on one's feet, wing it

#### Derived terms

* improvisation
* improvisational
* improvisatory

#### Translations
### See also

* extemporaneous
* impromptu
* off the cuff

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃.pʁɔ.viz/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

improvise
* inflection of improviser:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

## Galician
### Verb

improvise
* inflection of improvisar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Latin
### Adjective

imprōvīse
* vocative masculine singular of imprōvīsus

### References

* “improvise”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* improvise in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Verb

improvise
* inflection of improvisar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

improvise
* inflection of improvisar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# thuka
## Albanian
### Verb

thuka
* first-person singular aorist of thuk

## Xhosa
### Verb

-thuka$^?$
* (transitive) to insult

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

Clipping of -ethúka.

#### Verb

-thúka
* (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of -ethúka

##### Inflection
#### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuka (3.9)”

### Etymology 2

Clipping of -ethuka.

#### Verb

thuka
* (intransitive) Alternative form of -ethuka

##### Inflection
#### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuka (3.9)”
# and how
## English

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈænd ˈhaʊ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Phrase

and how
* (idiomatic) Used to strongly confirm the preceding utterance.
    Did it create a disruption? And how!
    It created a disruption, and how.
** 2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 - 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport‎:However, just as Wenger was preparing to introduce Andrey Arshavin and Tomas Rosicky, Van Persie struck - and how.
** 2023 March 5, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 7-0 Manchester United”, in BBC Sport‎:Liverpool have resembled a shadow of their real selves this season. The old guarantees, such as intensity and firepower, have been missing far too often. They all returned here - and how - in the most spectacular manner as Manchester United, who have been undergoing a revival this season, were blown away by a team in full cry.

#### Translations
### See also

* and then some
* but good
* to say the least