# caill
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kailʲ/
* (Galway) IPA: /kɑːl̠ʲ/
* (Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /kal̠ʲ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom (compare Welsh coll (“defect, loss”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”) (compare Old English healtian (“limp”)).

#### Verb

caill (present analytic cailleann, future analytic caillfidh, verbal noun cailleadh, past participle caillte)
* lose
* (euphemistic, in autonomous forms) die
    Synonyms: básaigh, éag, faigh bás, síothlaigh
    Cailleadh sa chogadh éHe died in the war (literally “He was lost in the war”)

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | cailleadh | cailleadh | cailleadh | cailleadh | cailleadh | cailleadh | cailleadh | cailleadh |
| past participle | caillte | caillte | caillte | caillte | caillte | caillte | caillte | caillte |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | caillim | cailleann tú; caillir$^†$ | cailleann sé, sí | caillimid | cailleann sibh | cailleann siad; caillid$^†$ | a chailleann; a chailleas / a gcailleann* | cailltear |
| past | chaill mé; chailleas | chaill tú; chaillis | chaill sé, sí | chailleamar; chaill muid | chaill sibh; chailleabhair | chaill siad; chailleadar | a chaill / ar chaill* | cailleadh |
| past habitual | chaillinn / gcaillinn‡‡ | chaillteá / gcaillteá‡‡ | chailleadh sé, sí / gcailleadh sé, sí‡‡ | chaillimis; chailleadh muid / gcaillimis‡‡; gcailleadh muid‡‡ | chailleadh sibh / gcailleadh sibh‡‡ | chaillidís; chailleadh siad / gcaillidís‡‡; gcailleadh siad‡‡ | a chailleadh / a gcailleadh* | chailltí / gcailltí‡‡ |
| future | caillfidh mé; caillfead | caillfidh tú; caillfir$^†$ | caillfidh sé, sí | caillfimid; caillfidh muid | caillfidh sibh | caillfidh siad; caillfid$^†$ | a chaillfidh; a chaillfeas / a gcaillfidh* | caillfear |
| conditional | chaillfinn / gcaillfinn‡‡ | chaillfeá / gcaillfeá‡‡ | chaillfeadh sé, sí / gcaillfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | chaillfimis; chaillfeadh muid / gcaillfimis‡‡; gcaillfeadh muid‡‡ | chaillfeadh sibh / gcaillfeadh sibh‡‡ | chaillfidís; chaillfeadh siad / gcaillfidís‡‡; gcaillfeadh siad‡‡ | a chaillfeadh / a gcaillfeadh* | chaillfí / gcaillfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go gcaille mé; go gcaillead$^†$ | go gcaille tú; go gcaillir$^†$ | go gcaille sé, sí | go gcaillimid; go gcaille muid | go gcaille sibh | go gcaille siad; go gcaillid$^†$ | — | go gcailltear |
| past | dá gcaillinn | dá gcaillteá | dá gcailleadh sé, sí | dá gcaillimis; dá gcailleadh muid | dá gcailleadh sibh | dá gcaillidís; dá gcailleadh siad | — | dá gcailltí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | caillim | caill | cailleadh sé, sí | caillimis | cailligí; caillidh$^†$ | caillidís | — | cailltear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Alternative verbal noun: cailliúint

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

caill
* vocative/genitive singular of call

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kallī.

### Noun

caill f (genitive caille)
* forest, wood, woodland

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: coill
* Manx: keyll
* Scottish Gaelic: coille

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰaiʎ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”).

#### Verb

caill (past chaill, future caillidh, verbal noun call, past participle caillte)
* lose
* miss (train, etc.)
* forfeit
* (obsolete) name, call
* (obsolete) emasculate

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin cōleus.

#### Noun

caill m
* (anatomy, obsolete) testicle

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kai̯ɬ/
* Rhymes: -ai̯ɬ

### Noun

caill f (plural ceilliau)
* (anatomy) testicle

#### Derived terms

* ceillgwd

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.