# 袈裟
## Chinese

* 袈裟

### Etymology

From Sanskrit काषाय (kāṣāya, “brownish red; brown-red cloth or garment”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāshā
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa$^1$ saa$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ga$^1$ sa
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâ-sâ
    (Hailu, HRS): ga$^ˋ$ sa$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gă-să
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka-se / kee-see
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gê$^1$ sê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ka-so
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāshā
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiasha
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^1$-sha$^1$
*** Yale: jyā-shā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiasha
*** Palladius: цзяша (czjaša)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$加沙 袈裟
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaa$^1$ saa$^1$
*** Yale: gā sā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaa$^1$ saa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ga$^1$ sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$加沙 袈裟
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ga$^1$ sa
*** Sinological IPA : /ka⁴² sa²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-sâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˊ$ sa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^1$ sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ sa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˋ$ sa$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka⁵³ sa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gă-să
*** Sinological IPA : /ka⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$la⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-se
*** Tâi-lô: ka-se
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kasef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ se³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-see
*** Tâi-lô: kee-see
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gê$^1$ sê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke se
*** Sinological IPA : /ke³³⁻²³ se³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ka-so
*** MiniDict: ka$^平$ so
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ka-so
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka⁵⁵ so²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kae srae
Rime :
| Character | 袈 | 裟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 古牙切 | 所加切 |
| Baxter | kae | srae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠa/ | /ʃˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚa/ | /ʃᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ka/ | /ʃa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨ/ | /ʂaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ka/ | /ʃa/ |
| Wang Li | /ka/ | /ʃa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ka/ | /ʂa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiā | shā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaa$^1$ | saa$^1$ |

### Noun

袈裟
* (Buddhism) kasaya (the robes of fully ordained Buddhist monks and nuns)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 袈裟, 福田衣, 水田衣 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 袈裟, 百衲衣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 袈裟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 袈裟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 袈裟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 袈裟 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 袈裟 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 袈裟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 袈裟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 八寶衫, 百補衫 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 八寶衫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 八寶衫, 百布衣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 袈裟 |

#### Derived terms

* 佛袈裟

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 袈裟(けさ) (kesa)
* → Korean: 가사(袈裟) (gasa)
* → Vietnamese: cà-sa (袈裟)
Others:
* → Zhuang: gyahsah

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “袈裟” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 袈 | 裟 |
| け Jinmeiyō | さ Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Chinese 袈裟 (jiāshā).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けさ [kèsáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) けさ [kèsá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ke̞sa̠]
* (Kyoto) けさ [késá] (Kōki – [0])

### Noun

袈(け)裟(さ) • (kesa)
* a kāṣāya

#### Derived terms

* 大(おお)袈(げ)裟(さ) (ōgesa)
* 坊(ぼう)主(ず)憎(にく)けりゃ袈裟(けさ)まで憎(にく)い (bōzu nikukerya kesa made nikui)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “けさ 【袈裟】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 袈 | 裟 |

### Noun

袈裟 • (gasa or McCune-Reischauer: kasa or Yale: kasa) (hangeul 가사)
* hanja form of 가사 (“kāṣāya”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 袈 | 裟 |

### Noun

袈裟
* chữ Hán form of cà-sa (“kāṣāya”).