# absolut
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Adjective

absolut
* Obsolete spelling of absolute.
** 1615 Decemver 9, letter from Lord Scott of Buccleuch, quoted in 1838, James Maidment, Letters and State Papers During the Reign of King James the Sixth: Chiefly from the Manuscript Collections of Sir James Balfour of Denmyln, page 272:
    So, remetting all to your consideration, I rest ever hym quhome you haue most absolut pouer to command, BUKCLEUGHE
** 1671, An Answer to the Letter Directed to the Author of Jus Populi,, page 18:[…] even the most absolut politick Empire that can be lawfully set up by men is Iyable to these implyed yea indispensable conditions and exceptions, […]

### Anagrams

* Basulto

## Albanian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin absolūtus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [apsoˈlut]

### Adjective

absolut (feminine absolute)
* absolute

#### Derived terms

* absolutësi
* absolutisht
* absolutizëm

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “absolut”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Newmark, L. (1999) “absolut”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absŏlūtus. Doublet of absolt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əp.suˈlut]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ap.soˈlut]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

absolut (feminine absoluta, masculine plural absoluts, feminine plural absolutes)
* absolute
* (grammar) absolute

#### Derived terms

* absolutament
* en absolut
* zero absolut

### Further reading

* “absolut” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “absolut”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “absolut” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “absolut” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /apzoˈluːt/, [ʔapz̥oˈluːtʰ]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ab‧so‧lut
* Rhymes: -uːt

### Adjective

absolut (strong nominative masculine singular absoluter, not comparable)
* absolute
    Antonym: relativ

#### Declension
### Adverb

absolut
* absolutely

### Further reading

* “absolut” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “absolut” in Duden online
* “absolut” in Duden online

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch absoluut, from Latin absolūtus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ap̚ˈsolʊt̚]
* Hyphenation: ap‧so‧lut

### Adjective

absolut
* absolute
** unconditional: free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions.
    Synonym: mutlak
** complete, unmitigated
** pure; unmixed
    Synonym: murni
** certain; unquestionable
    Synonym: nyata

#### Derived terms

* mengabsolutkan
* pengabsolutan
* seabsolut

#### Related terms

* absolutis
* absolutisme

### Further reading

* “absolut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish absolut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /apˈsɔ.lut/
* Rhymes: -ɔlut
* Syllabification: ab‧so‧lut

### Noun

absolut m inan
* (philosophy) Absolute

#### Related terms

* absolutny
* absolutnie
* absolucjô
* absolutizm
* absolutorium
* absolwent

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “absolut”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “absolut”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑpzolˈut]

### Adjective

absolut (masculine absoluten, neuter absolut, comparative méi absolut, superlative am absoluutsten) (no comparative or superlative forms)
* absolute
* absolute (measurement)

#### Declension
### Adverb

absolut
* absolutely

## Occitan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absolūtus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Adjective

absolut m (feminine singular absoluda, masculine plural absoluts, feminine plural absoludas)
* absolute

#### Derived terms

* absoludament

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Absolutes or French absolut, from Latin absolūtus. First attested in 1701–1750.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /apˈsɔ.lut/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔlut
* Syllabification: ab‧so‧lut

### Noun

absolut m inan
* (philosophy) Absolute
    jedyny absolut ― the only Absolute
    boski absolut ― the divine Absolute
    filozoficzny absolut ― the philosophical Absolute
    głód absolutu ― appetite the Absolute
    droga do absolutu ― the way to the Absolute
    wiara w absolut ― belief in the Absolute
    istnienie absolutu ― the existence of the Absolute
    poszukiwanie absolutu ― the search for the Absolute
    dążenie do absolutu ― pursuit of the Absolute
    obcowanie z absolutem ― communion with the Absolute
* (chemistry) absolute

#### Declension
### Noun

absolut m pers
* (obsolete) absolute monarch
** 1736, Jan Jabłonowski, Historya Telemaka, syna Ulissesa, krola greckiego Itaku‎, page 175:Kędy Tron, Abſolutom, moc ſtráſzliwą daie, Są nayslabſze, Bo wnich Krol, bierze, ruinuie, Sam wſzytko, gdy ſam ieden Páństwo obeymuie.[Kędy Tron, Absolutom, moc straszliwą daje, są najslabsze, Bo w nich Król, bierze, rujnuje, Sam wszytko, gdy sam jeden Państwo obejmuje.]When the trone gives extreme power to absolute monarchs, they are the weakest, because in them, the king takes and ruins everything himself, when he rules the nation himself.
** 1756, Józef Minasowicz, Zbior rytmow polskich Jozefa Epifaniusza Minasowicza [...] . Częsc pierwsza- [wtora]‎, volume 3, page 335:Abſolut w mowie, dyſkurs drugich gaśi, Albo z dyſguſtem ckliwym minę kwaśi.[Absolut w mowie, dyskurs drugich gasi, Albo z dysgustem ckliwym minę kwasi.]The word absolute in speech silences the other's discussion, or sours his face with a look of disgust.

#### Alternative forms

* absoluta (Middle Polish)

#### Related terms

* absolutny
* absolutoryjny
* absolutystyczny
* absolutywny
* absolwencki
* absolutnie
* absolutystycznie
* absolucja
* absolutność
* absolutorium
* absolutysta
* absolutystka
* absolutystyczność
* absolutyw
* absolutyzacja
* absolutyzm
* absolwent
* absolwentka
* absolutyzować impf, zabsolutyzować pf
* absolwować impf

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “absolut”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Wiesław Morawski (28.10.2021) “ABSOLUT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

### Further reading

* absolut in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* absolut in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1, page 3
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 4
* absolut in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French absolu, from Latin absolūtus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ab.soˈlut/

### Adjective

absolut m or n (feminine singular absolută, masculine plural absoluți, feminine and neuter plural absolute)
* absolute

### Adverb

absolut
* absolutely

### Further reading

* absolut in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /absɔˈlʉːt/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

absolut
* absolute, full, complete
    Synonym: fullkomlig

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Related terms

* absolutism
* absolutist

### Adverb

absolut
* absolutely