# वप्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* उप् (up) — samprasāraṇa form

### Alternative scripts

* ৱপ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
* বপ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀧𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ဝပ် (Burmese script)
* વપ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਵਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌪𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂣𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ವಪ್ (Kannada script)
* វប៑ (Khmer script)
* ວປ຺ (Lao script)
* വപ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠠᢒ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘢𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠠᢒ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧂𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐥𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଵପ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆥𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖢𑖿 (Siddham script)
* වප් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩰 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
* வப் (Tamil script)
* వప్ (Telugu script)
* วปฺ (Thai script)
* ཝ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋɐp/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋɐp/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)wap- (“to strew, scatter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”). The Indo-Iranian root has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter, harass”), with Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-$^i$, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”) as a cognate. Furthermore, Hittite [script needed] (hippa-, “heap”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”), Old Irish fel (“bad”) have tentatively been connected. Compare also वपा (vapā, “omentum”), वप्र (vapra, “rampart”).

#### Root

वप् • (vap)
* to strew, scatter, bestrew
** (especially) to strew or scatter seeds, sow
*** to plant, put in the ground
*** to procreate, beget
* to throw, cast (dice)
* to throw or heap up, dam up

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* वपति (vápati, Present)
* वप्स्यति (vapsyáti, Future)
* वपिष्यति (vapiṣyáti, Future)
* वप्ता (vaptā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अवाप्सीत् (ávāpsīt, Aorist)
* उप्यात् (upyā́t, Benedictive)
* उवाप (uvā́pa, Perfect)
* ववाप (vavāpa, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* उप्यते (upyáte, Passive)
* अवापि (ávāpi, Passive Aorist)
* वापयति (vāpáyati, Causative)
* अवीवपत् (ávīvapat, Causative Aorist)
* विवप्सति (vivapsati, Desiderative)
* वावप्यते (vāvapyate, Intensive)
* वावप्ति (vāvapti, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* उप्त (uptá, Past Participle)
* उपित (upita, Past Participle)
* वप्त (vapta, Past Participle)
* वप्तुम् (vaptum, Infinitive)
* उप्त्वा (uptvā, Gerund)
* उप्य (úpya, Gerund)
* उप्य (upya, Gerundive)
* वाप्य (vāpya, Gerundive)
* वप्तव्य (vaptavya, Gerundive)
* वपनीय (vapanīya, Gerundive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* उप्ति (upti)
* वप (vapá)
* वपन (vápana)
* वपा (vapā́)
* वप्तृ (vaptṛ)
* वप्र (vapra)
* वाप (vāpa)
* वापन (vāpana)
* वापिन् (vāpin)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अधिवप् (adhivap)
* अनुवप् (anuvap)
* अपवप् (apavap)
* अपिवप् (apivap)
* अभिवप् (abhivap)
* आवप् (āvap)
* उद्वप् (udvap)
* उपवप् (upavap)
* निर्वप् (nirvap)
* निवप् (nivap)
* परावप् (parāvap)
* प्रतिवप् (prativap)
* प्रवप् (pravap)
* संवप् (saṃvap)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)wap- (“to shave, shear”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (patävutta, “shaven”). The further etymology of this Indo-Iranian root is uncertain and it has tentatively been connected to Etymology 1, with Lubotsky opining that a single root existed in Indo-Iranian with both meanings.

#### Root

वप् • (vap)
* to shear, shave, cut off
* to crop (herbage), mow, cut (grass), graze

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* वपति (vápati, Present)

###### Secondary Forms

* वापयति (vāpayati, Causative)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* उप्त (uptá, Past Participle)
* उप्त्वा (uptvā, Gerund)
* उप्य (upya, Gerund)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* वपन (vápana)
* वप्तृ (váptṛ)
* वाप (vāpa)
* वापन (vāpana)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* परिवप् (parivap)
* प्रवप् (pravap)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “वप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 919, column 3.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 154
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 503-4
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University