# على
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From Proto-Semitic *ʕalay- (“on, over”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒌋𒅗 (eli), Hebrew עַל ('al), עֲלֵי ('aléi), Aramaic עַל (ʿal).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.laː/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aː, -laː
* Homophone: عَلَا (ʕalā)

#### Preposition

عَلَى • (ʕalā)
* on, over
* against
    يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَyawmun laka wayawmun ʕalaykaone day for you, and one day against you
    سَجَّلَ ٱللَّاعِبُ خَمْسَةَ أَهْدَافٍ عَلَى خَصْمِهِsajjala l-lāʕibu ḵamsata ʔahdāfin ʕalā ḵaṣmihiThe player scored five goals against his opponent.
* expresses obligation
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:54:وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُwamā ʕalā r-rasūli ʔillā l-balāḡu l-mubīnuAnd the Messenger's only duty is to deliver messages clearly
* despite
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 13:6:وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى ظُلْمِهِمْwa-ʔinna rabbaka laḏū maḡfiratin li-n-nāsi ʕalā ẓulmihimAnd indeed, your Lord is full of forgiveness for the people despite their wrongdoing
* on condition, provided
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:27:قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ٱبْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَن تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍqāla ʔinnī ʔurīdu ʔan ʔunkiḥaka ʔiḥdā bnatayya hātayni ʕalā ʔan taʔjuranī ṯamāniya ḥijajinHe said, "Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two daughters, on the condition that you serve me for eight years,"

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “against”): لِـ (li-)

##### Related terms

* بِنَاءاً عَلَيْهْ (bināʔan ʕalayh)
* صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wa-ʔālihi wa-sallama)
* عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu)
* عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
* سَلَامُ ٱللّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
* عَلَامَ (ʕalāma)

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)
* Hijazi Arabic: على (ʕala)
* Maltese: għal
* Moroccan Arabic: على (ʕlā), ع (ʕa-)
* North Levantine Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)
* South Levantine Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.laː/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: عَلَا (ʕalā)

#### Verb

عَلَى • (ʕalā) I (non-past يَعْلِي (yaʕlī), verbal noun عَلْي (ʕaly))
* (transitive) to climb

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕal.laː/

#### Verb

عَلَّى • (ʕallā) II (non-past يُعَلِّي (yuʕallī), verbal noun تَعْلِيَة (taʕliya)) (transitive)
* to raise (a building)
* to raise, to lift, to elevate (someone/something)
* (figurative) to exalt

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕu.lan/

#### Adjective

عُلًى • (ʕulan) f pl
* feminine plural of أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā, “higher, upper; superior”)

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1835) “على”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 215–216
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “على”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 352–356
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “على”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 746–750

## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* ع (ʕa-)

### Etymology

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕala/

### Preposition

على • (ʕala)
* on, upon

#### Inflection
## Gulf Arabic
### Alternative forms

* عَـ (“ʕa-”) (before the definite article il- only)

### Etymology

From Arabic عَلَىٰ (ʕalā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʕə.lə/

### Preposition

عَلى • (ʕala)
* on, upon, on top of
* about, regarding, related to
    كلمتني على موضوع البعثة ― She spoke to me on the topic of the scholarship

#### Derived terms

* على طاري (ʕala ṭāri)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.la/

#### Preposition

على • (ʕala)
* on, over
    Synonym: عَـ (ʕa, “on, over”)
    حتلاقيه على الرف/عالرفḥatlāgī ʕala al-raff/ʕal-raffYou will find it on rack
* against
    يوم ليك و يوم عليكyōm līk u yōm ʕalēkone day for you, and one day against you
* despite

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَّى (ʕallā).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕal.la/

#### Verb

علّى • (ʕalla) II (non-past يِعَلّي (yiʕalli))
* to raise (the volume, one's voice, etc.)
    Antonym: وطّى (waṭṭa)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕla/

### Preposition

على • (ʕla)
* on; upon; onto
* against
* expresses obligation

#### Inflection
## North Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* ع (ʕa-)

### Etymology

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

### Preposition

على • (ʕala)
* on; upon; onto
* (by extension) with a hint of
* about (a topic)
* to (a place)
    عم نسافر ع بيروت ― ʕam nsāfir ʕa bayrūt ― We’re travelling to Beirut.
* Used with an adjective given the definite article, marking it as an adverb

#### Usage notes

* The personal forms are built from the stem ʕlay- or ʕalay- as in عليكن (ʕ(a)laykun, “on you”).
* Sense 2 is construed as "A على B"; literally, "A on B". A is the dominant element in such a construction, not B, even though this seems to conflict with a literal reading:
** بوظا على جوزbūẓa ʕala jōzwalnut-flavored ice cream, or ice cream with walnuts(literally, “ice cream on walnuts”)
** جوز على بوظا ― jōz ʕala būẓa ― ice-cream-flavored walnuts (literally, “walnuts on ice cream”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

Picture dictionary :
على
فوق
تحت
بـ/
في
قدام
ورا
على
جنب
بين :
From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

#### Alternative forms

* عـ (ʕa-) (shortened form)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.la/, [ˈʕa.la]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Preposition

على • (ʕala)
* to, toward
    Antonym: من (min)
    الختيار راح عالمستشفى. ― il-ḵityār rāḥ ʕal-mustašfa ― The old man went to the hospital.
    إمّي دخلت عالبيت.ʔimmi daḵlat ʕal-bētMy mother went into the house.(literally, “My mother entered to the house.”)
    قدّيش دفعت عليه؟ʔaddēš dafaʕt ʕalēhHow much did you pay for it?(literally, “How much did you pay toward it?”)
* (location) on, onto, over
    Synonym: فوق (fōʔ, “above”)
    حطّه عالطاولة. ― ḥoṭṭo ʕaṭ-ṭāwle ― Put it on the table.
* (time) at, on
    خلّينا نلتقي على ساعة ستّة.ḵallīna niltʔi ʕala sāʕa sitteLet's meet at six o'clock.
* (auxiliary) must, should
    Synonym: لازم (lāzem)
    قرّرنا نعمل اللي علينا ونتّكل على ربّنا.ʔarrarna niʕmil illi ʕalēna w nittakil ʕala rabbnaWe resolved to do what we must and trust in God.
    إلي عليك ألف دينار.ʔili ʕalēk ʔalf dīnārYou owe me one thousand dinars.(literally, “You must to me one thousand dinars.”)

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَّى (ʕallā).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕal.la/, [ˈʕal.la]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

علّى • (ʕalla) II (present بعلّي (biʕalli))
* to raise (the volume, one's voice, etc.)
    Antonym: وطّى (waṭṭa)