# gar
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɡɑː/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ɡɑɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

Clipping of garfish.

#### Noun

gar (plural gars)
* (especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.
** 1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128:Gars are long, slender, predatory fishes of quiet waters east of the Rockies.
* (especially UK, Ireland) A garfish, Belone belone.

##### Usage notes

* The European species was the original gar, and the North American gars were named after it, with other common names also shared between the two. In modern usage an attempt has been made to restrict "gar" to the North American fish and "garfish" to the European ones, but both names can be found for both types. Context can help: the North American gars are freshwater fish of a very primitive type, while the European gars are saltwater fish known for their green bones and their association with mackerel in folklore.

##### Derived terms

* alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula)
* broadhead gar (Atractosteus spp.)
* Cuban gar (Atractosteus tristoechus)
* Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus)
* freshwater gar (Xenentodon cancila
* garfish (Belonidae spp., Lepisosteidae spp.)
* garpike (Belonidae spp., Lepisosteidae spp.)
* gator gar (Atractosteus spatula)
* king gar (Scomberesox scombroides)
* longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
* Malawi gar (Lichnochromis acuticeps)
* needle-nose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
* ocean gar (Makaira nigricans)
* shortnose gar (Lepisosteus platostomus)
* silver gar (Strongylura maritima)
* slender gar (Lepisosteus spp.)
* spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)
* tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gerva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare yare; but also Old Cornish gorra (“put, place, set”).

#### Verb

gar (third-person singular simple present gars, present participle garring, simple past and past participle gart)
* (now chiefly UK dialectal) To make, compel (someone to do something); to cause (something to be done). [14th–19th c.]
** 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:I shall firste begyn at Sandwyche, and there I shall go in my shearte, barefoote, and at every ten myles ende I shall founde and gar make an house of religious, of what order that ye woll assygne me [...].
** 1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 15:Time gars me tremble. Ah, how sore the baulk! / While Time in pride of strength cloth ever stalk [...].

### See also

* atgar
* by gar

### Anagrams

* Gra, grá, Arg., RAG, Rag, RGA, rag, ARG, arg, agr-, arg.

## Basque
### Noun

gar inan
* blaze

## Breton
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑːr/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Breton garr, from Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.

#### Noun

gar f (dual divc’har, plural garoù)
* leg

#### Mutation
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

gar
* Soft mutation of kar.

#### Mutation
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German gare (inflected garw-), from Old High German garo, from Proto-West Germanic *garu, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.
Cognate with Dutch gaar, archaic English yare (“keen, lively, eager”). Related to gerben.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaːr/, [ɡaː], [ɡaːɐ̯], [ɡaːʁ]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːɐ̯, -aː

### Adjective

gar (strong nominative masculine singular garer, not comparable)
* cooked, done (of food such as meat or vegetables: ready for consumption)
* (of a metal) refined

#### Derived terms

* garen

### Adverb

gar
* (chiefly in the negative) at all; even
    Synonym: überhaupt
    Sie hat gar kein Geld.She has no money at all.
    Er ist gar nicht gekommen.He didn't even show up. / He didn't show up at all.
** 2010, Der Spiegel‎, number 25/2010, page 80:Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.In the opinion of many economists, there should also exist a prohibition for the so-called short sales. In these, banks sell shares or currencies that they do not own at all yet or have borrowed at best.
* (chiefly formal or literary) even; expressing a climax
    Synonyms: sogar, selbst, geradezu
    Ist er ein Dieb? Ein Räuber? Oder gar ein Mörder?Is he a thief? A robber? Or even a murderer?
* (chiefly formal or literary, with zu) all
    Synonym: all, usually spelt allzu
    Wenn er gar zu frech wird, geben Sie ihm eine kräftige Ohrfeige.If he becomes all too impertinent, give him a sturdy slap.
* (Austria, Switzerland, otherwise archaic, poetic) very; quite; really
    Synonyms: ganz, recht, sehr, ziemlich; see also Thesaurus:sehr
    Das war gar frech von dir!That was quite impertinent of you!
** 1845, Heinrich Hoffmann, Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug (Struwwelpeter):Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem FeuerzeugThe Very Sad Tale with the Matches

#### Derived terms

* ganz und gar
* Garaus

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish gar (“short; near”). See Middle Irish gerr (“short”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaɾˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ɡɑ(ː)ɾˠ/

### Adjective

gar (genitive singular masculine gair, genitive singular feminine gaire, plural gara, comparative gaire or neasa)
* near
* short (of time)
* (literary) convenient; easy, likely
* near, mean, stingy

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* gar- (“near, close; approximate”)

### Noun

gar m (genitive singular gair, nominative plural garanna)
* nearness, proximity
* convenience, service; turn, favor

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
gar
garanna
vocative
a ghair
a gharanna
genitive
gair
garanna
dative
gar
garanna
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an gar
na garanna
genitive
an ghair
na ngaranna
dative
leis an ngar don ghar
leis na garanna :

#### Synonyms

* aice
* cóngar
* fogas

#### Derived terms

* i ngar

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 120

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Latvian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Preposition

gar (with accusative)
* along

## Middle English
### Noun

gar
* Alternative form of gare

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“pointed stick, spear”).
Cognate with Old Frisian gēr, Old Saxon gēr, Old High German gēr, Old Norse geirr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɑːr/

### Noun

gār m
* (poetic) spear, arrow, dart

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* Gārdene
* gārlēac
* gārseċġ
* nafugār
* Ælfgār
* Æþelgār
* Cūþgār
* Cynegār
* Ēadgār
* Friþugār
* Gārberht
* Gārheard
* Gārmund
* Gārwald
* Gārwulf
* Heorugār
* Hrōþgār
* Lēofgār
* Ōsgār
* Siġegār
* Þēodgār
* Wihtgār
* Wulfgār

#### Descendants

* Middle English: gor, gar, gare, gær
** ⇒ Middle English: garfysche
*** English: garfish
*** Scots: gairfish

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡar/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ar
* Syllabification: gar
* Homophone: Gar

### Etymology 1

Back-formation of gary, which is an alteration of *garki, a non-standard form of garnki, plural of garnek, from Proto-Slavic *gъrnъ.

#### Noun

gar m inan
* (colloquial) Augmentative of garnek

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

gar f
* genitive plural of gara

### Further reading

* gar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Salar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kār. Compare to Shor қар, Kazakh қар (qar), Kyrgyz кар (kar), Southern Altai кар (kar), Azerbaijani qar, Turkish kar.

### Noun

gar (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])
* snow

### References

Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “qar”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gǫrva, gørva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare English yare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡar/, /ɡɛr/

### Verb

gar (simple past and past participle gart or gert)
* to make (somebody or something do something)
    Whit gars ye say that? ― What makes you say that?

#### Related terms

* gare
* gair

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

gar
* us (direct object)
    Cò a bhios gar cuideachadh? ― Who will help us?

##### Usage notes

* Adds the prefix n- to the following word if it begins with a vowel:
    Cha robh i gar n-ainmeachadh. ― She didn't mention us.

##### Related terms

* ga
* gad
* gam
* gan
* gur
* sinn

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish gorim, from Proto-Celtic *gʷrenso-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrenso- (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”); see also Old Irish grís (“heat (of the sun), fire, embers”), Sanskrit घ्रंस (ghraṃsa, “heat of the sun”), Latin formus (“warm”), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), English warm.

#### Verb

gar (past ghar, future garaidh, verbal noun garadh, past participle garte)
* warm
    a' garadh an làmhan ris an teine ― warming their hands at the fire

##### Related terms

* gorm

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 92 iii, 95 iii (1)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish غار (gar), from French gare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡaɾ/, [ɡaɾ̞̊]

### Noun

gar (definite accusative garı, plural garlar)
* station (railway)

#### Related terms

* otogar

### References

* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”). Cognate with Turkish kar (“snow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɢaːɾ]

### Noun

gar (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* snow

### Further reading

* “gar” in Enedilim.com
* “gar” in Webonary.org

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡar/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros (“leg”). Cognate with Breton gar, Old Irish gairr, French jarret.

#### Noun

gar f (plural garrau)
* (rare) leg, shank
    Synonym: coes

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

gar
* Soft mutation of car.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## West Tarangan
### Noun

gar
* water

### Further reading

* Richard J. Nivens, A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan, in Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992, edited by Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig)
* Richard J. Nivens, Borrowing Versus Code-switching in West Tarangan (Indonesia) (2002)
* E. Wattimury, A. Haulussy, J. Pentry, Sintaksis bahasa Tarangan (1995), page 48