# 皺

| 皺 | U+76BA, &#30394; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76BA |
| ← 皹 [U+76B9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 皻 → [U+76BB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

皺 (Kangxi radical 107, 皮+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心山木竹水 (PUDHE), four-corner 2444$_7$, composition ⿰芻皮)

#### Derived characters

* 𥶈

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 791, character 46
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22899
* Dae Jaweon: page 1207, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2757, character 17
* Unihan data for U+76BA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 煼 | *sʰroːʔ |
| 謅 | *sʰroːʔ, *ʔsru, *sʰru |
| 縐 | *sʰroːs, *ʔsrus |
| 鄒 | *ʔsru |
| 騶 | *ʔsru |
| 搊 | *ʔsruʔ, *sʰru, *ʔsro |
| 皺 | *ʔsrus |
| 篘 | *sʰru |
| 㑳 | *zrus, *ʔsro, *rnuːb |
| 趍 | *sʰlo, *l'al |
| 趨 | *sʰlo |
| 芻 | *sʰro |
| 犓 | *sʰro |
| 雛 | *zro |
| 鶵 | *zro |
| 媰 | *zro |
| 齺 | *zroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsrus): phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 皮.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zong$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zeu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cáiu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chò͘ / chò / liâu / jiâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niou$^3$ / niao$^3$ / zou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$
*** Yale: jòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zong$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^3$
*** Yale: jau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zeu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seu³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cáiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chò͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zox
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chò
*** Tâi-lô: tsò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâu
*** Tâi-lô: liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liau²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiâu
*** Tâi-lô: jiâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiaau
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau²³/
* chò͘/chò - literary;
* liâu/jiâu - vernacular (semantic).
* Middle Chinese: tsrjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 皺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 側救切 |
| Baxter | tsrjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤro-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 皺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁro-s/ |
| English | wrinkles |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1597 |
| Phonetic component | 芻 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皺 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsrus/ |

#### Definitions

皺
* wrinkle; crease; fold
    皺褶／皱褶 ― zhòuzhě ― fold; crease; wrinkle
    皺紋／皱纹 ― zhòuwén ― wrinkle
* to wrinkle; to crease
    皺眉／皱眉 ― zhòuméi ― to frown; to knit one's brows; to scowl

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 巢 (caau4)

#### Compounds

* 弄皺 / 弄皱 (nòngzhòu)
* 慚皺 / 惭皱
* 掐鼻皺眉 / 掐鼻皱眉
* 皺巴巴 / 皱巴巴 (zhòubābā)
* 皺彆 / 皱别
* 皺摺 / 皱折
* 皺眉 / 皱眉 (zhòuméi)
* 皺眉蹙眼 / 皱眉蹙眼
* 皺紋 / 皱纹 (zhòuwén)
* 皺胃 / 皱胃 (zhòuwèi)
* 皺褶 / 皱褶 (zhòuzhě)
* 皺襞 / 皱襞 (zhòubì)
* 窊皺 / 窊皱
* 褶皺 / 褶皱 (zhězhòu)
* 褶皺帶 / 褶皱带
* 起皺 / 起皱 (qǐzhòu)

#### References

* “皺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 皺 – see 巢 (“wrinkly”). (This character is a variant form of 巢).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: すう (sū)
* Kan’yō-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: さび (sabi, 皺)、しぼ (shibo, 皺)、しわ (shiwa, 皺)

#### Compounds

* 皺曲(しゅうきょく) (shūkyoku)
* 皺襞(しゅうへき) (shūheki)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 皺
* さび Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Origins unclear. Possibly related to 錆 (sabi, “rust, oxidation”), from the way the surface of something changes.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sa̠bʲi]

#### Noun

皺(さび) • (sabi)
* a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries

##### Derived terms

* 大皺(おおさび) (ōsabi)
* 小皺(こさび) (kosabi)
* 皺烏帽子(さびえぼし) (sabi eboshi)
* 柳皺(やなぎさび) (yanagisabi)
* 横皺(よこさび) (yokosabi)
* 横皺(よこさび)の烏帽子(えぼし) (yokosabi no eboshi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 皺
* しぼ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Probably from stem shiwo of classical verb shiworu, modern shioru (萎る, 撓る: “to make something loosen, to make something wither and wrinkle”). Probably cognate with shiwa below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しぼ [shíꜜbò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕibo̞]

#### Noun

皺(しぼ) • (shibo)
* a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
* a pattern of puckers and bulges in a cloth, caused by the warp and woof of the material
* a similar pattern of puckers and bulges formed on the surface of paper or leather

##### Derived terms

* 皺紙(しぼがみ) (shibogami)
* 皺丸太(しぼまるた) (shibomaruta)
* 竹皺(たけしぼ) (takeshibo)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 皺
* しわ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 皴
Probably from stem shiwa of verb shiwaru (撓る: “to sag, as something elastic that has lost its bounce”). Probably cognate with shibo above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しわ [shìwá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕiβ̞a̠]

#### Noun

皺(しわ) or 皺(シワ) • (shiwa)
* wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface
* ripples on the surface of water
* a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries

##### Derived terms

* 雄陽皺(おひじわ) (ohijiwa)
* 小皺(こじわ) (kojiwa)
* 皺紙(しわがみ) (shiwagami)
* 皺(しわ)くちゃ (shiwakucha)
* 皺皺(しわしわ) (shiwashiwa)
* 皺伸(しわの)ばし (shiwanobashi)
* 皺腹(しわばら) (shiwabara)
* 皺(しわ)ぶ (shiwabu)
* 皺(しわ)む (shiwamu)
* 皺(しわ)める (shiwameru)
* 皺寄(しわよ)せ (shiwayose)
* 畳(たた)み皺(じわ) (tatamijiwa)
* 縦皺(たてじわ) (tatejiwa)
* 縮緬皺(ちりめんじわ) (chirimenjiwa)
* 防皺(ぼうしわ) (bōshiwa)
* 防皺加工(ぼうしわかこう) (bōshiwa kakō)
* 雌陽皺(めひじわ) (mehijiwa)
* 笑(わら)い皺(じわ) (waraijiwa)

##### Idioms

* 皺伸(しわの)ぶ (shiwa nobu), 皺(しわ)が伸(の)びる (shiwa ga nobiru): “one's wrinkles slacken” → to become light-hearted in old age
* 皺(しわ)を伸(の)ばす (shiwa o nobasu): “to slacken one's wrinkles” → to relax, to take a breather, to let it all hang out; to smooth out wrinkles, such as by ironing

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

皺 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

皺: Hán Nôm readings: trứu, nhíu, sô
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.