# 青海
## Chinese

* 青海 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 青海 (Cantonese)
* 青海 (Classical)
* 青海 (Gan)
* Chhiâng-hói (Hakka)
* Chĭng-hāi (Eastern Min)
* Chheng-hái (Southern Min)
* 青海 (Wu)

### Etymology

Compare similar-meaning names for Qinghai Lake in other languages: Tibetan མཚོ་སྔོན (mtsho sngon), མཚོ་སྔོན་པོ (mtsho sngon po, “blue lake”), Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur, “blue lake”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Qīnghǎi
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$ hoi$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Chhiâng-hói
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qiang$^1$ hoi$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Chĭng-hāi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Chheng-hái
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên$^1$ hai$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chin-he
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qīnghǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cinghǎi
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻing$^1$-hai$^3$
*** Yale: Chīng-hǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chinghae
*** Palladius: Цинхай (Cinxaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$ hoi$^2$
*** Yale: chīng hói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$ hoi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$ hoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhiâng-hói
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiang$^ˊ$ hoi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiang$^1$ hoi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ hoi̯³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qiang$^1$ hoi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hoɪ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Chĭng-hāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋai³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chheng-hái
*** Tâi-lô: Tshing-hái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhenghae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ hai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cên$^1$ hai$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheⁿ hái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chin-he
*** MiniDict: chin$^平$ he
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qin-he
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ he²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsheng xojX
Rime :
| Character | 青 | 海 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 倉經切 | 呼改切 |
| Baxter | tsheng | xojX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /hʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /həi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛŋ/ | /xɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjŋ/ | /həj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /xᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /xɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /xɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng | hǎi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ | hoi$^2$ |

### Proper noun

青海
* (～湖) Qinghai, Qinghai Lake (a large lake in Qinghai province, the largest in China)
    From: 8th century, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 兵車行 (The Army Wagons: A Ballad); translated by Stephen Owen
    Jūn bùjiàn Qīnghǎi tóu, gǔlái báigǔ wúrén shōu. [Pinyin]
    Haven’t you seen by Kokonor white bones from ancient times that have never been recovered?
* (～省) Qinghai (a province of China; capital: Xining)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 青海(せいかい) (Seikai)
* → Korean: 청해(青海) (Cheonghae)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh Hải (青海)
Others:
* → English: Tsinghai, Tsing-hai, Qinghai, Ch'ing-hai
* → Georgian: ცინგხაი (cingxai)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 青 | 海 |
| せい Grade: 1 | かい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 靑海 (kyūjitai)

### Proper noun

青(せい)海(かい) • (Seikai)
* Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)
* Qinghai, Qinghai Lake (a large lake in Qinghai province, the largest in China)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 青 | 海 |

### Proper noun

青海 • (Cheonghae) (hangeul 청해)
* hanja form of 청해 :
** Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)
** Qinghai, Qinghai Lake (a large lake in Qinghai province, the largest in China)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 青 | 海 |

### Proper noun

青海
* chữ Hán form of Thanh Hải.:
** Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)
** Qinghai, Qinghai Lake (a large lake in Qinghai province, the largest in China)