# these
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, Canada) enPR: thēz, IPA: /ðiːz/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ðiz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːz

### Determiner

these
* plural of this
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.
** Seinfeld, The Alternate Side
    These pretzels are making me thirsty.

#### Usage notes

Depending on the context, the word those may be used either in place of or interchangeably with these.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Pronoun

these
* plural of this

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Derived terms

* between you and me and these four walls
* if these walls could talk
* one of these days
* one of these odd-come-shortlies
* these days
* these islands
* these ones
* these things happen
* with friends like these who needs enemies

### Anagrams

* Sheet, seeth, sheet, thees

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* thesis (dated)

### Etymology

Borrowed from French thèse, from Latin thēsis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈteː.zə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: the‧se
* Rhymes: -eːzə

### Noun

these f (plural theses or thesen)
* statement, thesis, proposition
    Synonym: stelling
* thesis (lengthy essay)
    Synonyms: scriptie, proefschrift, dissertatie

#### Usage notes

* These and proefschrift are general terms for any thesis or dissertation submitted for the attainment of an academic degree, whereas scriptie usually refers specifically to a final assignment as part of a bachelor's or master's degree and dissertatie usually refers to a doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis.

#### Related terms

* antithese
* hypothese
* metathese
* synthese

## Latin
### Noun

these
* ablative singular of thesis

## Middle English
### Determiner

these
* Alternative spelling of þese

### Pronoun

these
* Alternative spelling of þese

### Noun

these
* Alternative spelling of þese (plural of þe (“thigh”))

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þes, *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat, whence also Old English þes.

### Determiner

these
* this, these

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: dēse, deze
** Dutch: deze, dit
** Limburgish: deze

#### Further reading

* “these”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þes, *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat.

### Determiner

these m
* this, these
    an thesum uueroldrīkea uuirkean scoldin: They should work on this world.
** Heliand, verse 2026-2027
    Te huī sprikis thū thes wīf, sō filu manos mī far thesoro mėnigi?Why do you speak of that, woman, so much (you) remind me pressingly in front of this crowd?

#### Descendants

* Low German: düsse, disse

## Portuguese
### Noun

these f (plural theses)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of tese.