# nominal
## English
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *h₁nómn̥
From the Middle English nominalle (“of nouns”), borrowed from Latin nōminālis (“of names”), from nōmen (“name”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/, [ˈnɒm.ɪ.nl̩]
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˈnɑ.mɪ.nəl/, [ˈnɑ.mɪ.nl̩]

### Adjective

nominal (not comparable)
* Of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names.
* Assigned to or bearing a person's name.
* Existing in name only.
    a nominal difference
** 1856 February, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Oliver Goldsmith, republished in 1865, The Miscellaneous Writings of Lord Macaulay, Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts and Green, page 300,
    At Edinburgh he passed eighteen months in nominal attendance on lectures, and picked up some superficial information about chemistry and natural history.
** 2013 October 5, Joel Kotkin, “California’s New Feudalism Benefits a Few at the Expense of the Multitude”, in The Daily Beast‎:In contrast to the traditionally conservative or libertarian ethos of the entrepreneurial class, the oligarchy is increasingly allied with the nominally populist Democratic Party and its regulatory agenda.
* (philosophy) Of or relating to nominalism.
* Insignificantly small.
    Synonym: trifling
    He gave me only a nominal sum for my services.
** 2021 November 17, Andrew Mourant, “Okehampton: a new dawn for Dartmoor”, in RAIL, number 944, page 43:In the summer, DCC [Devon County Council] transferred ownership of the northern part of the station to NR for a nominal £1, enabling it (and the platform) to become part of the rail network.
* Of or relating to the presumed or approximate value, rather than the actual value.
    Antonym: effective
    The nominal voltage is 1.5 V, but the actual figure is usually higher.
    the nominal yield of a nuclear weapon
* (finance) Of, relating to, or being the amount or face value of a sum of money or a stock certificate, for example, and not the purchasing power or market value.
* (finance) Of, relating to, or being the rate of interest or return without adjustment for compounding or inflation.
* (grammar) Of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.
    This sentence contains a nominal phrase.
* (engineering) According to plan or design.
    Synonym: normal
    We'll just do a nominal flight check.
    Apart from the slightly high temperature, all the readings from the spacecraft are nominal.
** 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 9:The slots are waiting. Waiting for hot pizza. And waiting. The Deliverator honks his horn. This is not a nominal outcome.
** 1996 September, Dustin Browder, MechWarrior 2: Mercenaries, spoken by Narrator (Carole Ruggier), Activision:Reactor online. Sensors online. Weapons online. All systems nominal.
* (economics) Without adjustment to remove the effects of inflation.
    Antonym: real
    My employer does not understand how low my nominal wage is.
    The nominal GNP of this country is pretty low.
** 1991, Richard J. Gilbert, Regulatory Choices: A Perspective on Developments in Energy Policy, page 267:Comparisons of the costs of the Diablo Canyon plant with other nuclear power plants can be misleading because the available cost data are in nominal dollars and therefore include the toll of inflation over the construction periods.
** 2001, Erich A. Helfert, Financial Analysis: Tools and Techniques: A Guide for Managers, page 467:This simple process allows us to convert nominal dollars into inflation-adjusted real dollars.
* (statistics, of a variable) Having values whose order is insignificant.
* (taxonomy) Of a species, the species name without consideration of whether it is a junior synonym or in reality consists of more than one biological species.
** 2015 November 26, Mosè Manni et al., “Relevant genetic differentiation among Brazilian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)”, in ZooKeys, volume 540, →DOI:Since then, a good deal of research has documented and concluded that the nominal species A. fraterculus actually comprises an unresolved complex of cryptic species.

#### Derived terms

* binominal
* denominal
* nominal clause
* nominal ledger
* nominally
* nominalness
* nominal partner
* nominal state
* nominal type system
* nominal variable
* post-nominal
* surnominal

#### Related terms

* denominate
* denomination
* denominator
* nomenclature
* nominalism
* nominalist
* nominality
* nominate
* nomination
* nominative
* nominator

#### Descendants

* → Afrikaans: nominaal

#### Translations
### Noun

nominal (plural nominals)
* (grammar) A noun or word group that functions as part of a noun phrase.
    This sentence contains two nominals.
* (grammar) A part of speech that shares features with nouns and adjectives. (Depending on the language, it may comprise nouns, adjectives, possibly numerals, pronouns, and participles.)
** 2006, Donald Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 12:A considerable number of derived nominals, especially thematic nouns, also exhibited o-grade roots.
* A number (usually natural) used like a name; a numeric code or identifier. (See nominal number on Wikipedia.)
    Numeric codes of characters used in programming are nominals.
* (UK, police jargon) A person listed in the Police National Computer database as having been convicted, cautioned or recently arrested.

#### Hyponyms

* (grammar) noun, pronoun

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “nominal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “nominal”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* nonmail

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nominālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [nu.miˈnal]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [no.miˈnal]

### Adjective

nominal m or f (masculine and feminine plural nominals)
* nominal

#### Derived terms

* nominalment

#### Related terms

* nom

### Further reading

* “nominal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “nominal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “nominal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “nominal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin nominalis. See there for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nomiˈnæˀl/

### Adjective

nominal (neuter nominalt, plural and definite singular attributive nominale)
* (linguistics) Relating to a word or construction which may function in nounlike manner; nominal
    Coordinate term: substantivisk
* (finance) Relating to the nominal value or face value (as opposed to the real or market value); nominal
    Synonyms: nominel, pålydende
* Something whose existence, value or function is rather theoretical or symbolic, and which does not necessarily correspond to a reality; nominal, formal, in name only
    Synonyms: formel, nominel, af navn
* (statistics, of a variable) Having values whose order is insignificant; nominal
    Synonyms: nominel, pålydende

#### Declension

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

#### Derived terms

* nominalbeløb
* nominallån
* nominalprincip
* nominalrentefod
* nominalværdi

### Noun

nominal n (singular definite nominalet, plural indefinite nominaler)
* (linguistics) A word or construction which may function in a nounlike manner; a nominal, nominalisation
    Coordinate terms: nominalisering, substantivering, substantiv
* (finance) Nominal value; face value
    Synonym: nominalværdi

#### Derived terms

* kentaurnominal
* nominalbøjning
* nominalgruppe
* nominalparadigme
* nominalstil
* nominalsyntagme
* nominalsætning

### References

* “nominal,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “nominal,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “nominal” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

### Further reading

* Nielsen, Peter Juul, Michael Herslund (2023 June 10) “Nominalisering”, in Den Store Danske‎, archived from the original on 2023-06-02

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nominālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔ.mi.nal/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

nominal (feminine nominale, masculine plural nominaux, feminine plural nominales)
* nominal

### Noun

nominal m (plural nominaux)
* nominal

### Related terms

* nom
* classe nominale
* locution nominale
* valeur nominale

### Descendants

* → Dutch: nominaal
** → Indonesian: nominal
** → West Frisian: nominaal
* → Romanian: nominal

### Further reading

* “nominal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nominalis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nomiˈnaːl/
* Rhymes: -aːl
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

nominal (strong nominative masculine singular nominaler, not comparable)
* nominal

#### Derived terms

* Nominaldeklination
* Nominalflexion
* Nominalklammer
* Nominalphrase

### Further reading

* “nominal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “nominal” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [noˈminal]
* Hyphenation: no‧mi‧nal

### Adjective

nominal
* nominal,
** existing in name only.
** insignificantly small.
** (grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.

### Further reading

* “nominal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin nōminālis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /no.miˈnaw/ [no.miˈnaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /nu.miˈnal/ [nu.miˈnaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /nu.miˈnal/ [nu.miˈnaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /nu.miˈna.li/
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Hyphenation: no‧mi‧nal

### Adjective

nominal m or f (plural nominais, not comparable)
* nominal

#### Derived terms

* nominalizar
* nominalmente

#### Related terms

* nome

### Further reading

* “nominal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French nominal, Latin nominalis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nomiˈnal/

### Adjective

nominal m or n (feminine singular nominală, masculine plural nominali, feminine and neuter plural nominale)
* nominal

#### Related terms

* nume
* nominalism
* nominaliza

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nominālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nomiˈnal/ [no.miˈnal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: no‧mi‧nal

### Adjective

nominal m or f (masculine and feminine plural nominales)
* nominal

#### Derived terms

* nominalmente
* sintagma nominal
* valor nominal

#### Related terms

* nombre

### Further reading

* “nominal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10