# כבד
## Aramaic
### Verb

כְּבַד • (k'vad)
* to be heavy
* to burden, or to weigh down emotionally

## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”), which literally means "heavy (one)", since when washing the internal organs of slaughtered animals the liver sinks on the ground. A similar etymology can be found in Russian лёгкое (ljóxkoje, “lung”), which is directly derived from лёгкий (ljóxkij, “light”), because in contrast to the liver the lungs swim on the surface.

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /kaˈved/

#### Noun

כָּבֵד • (kavéd) m (plural indefinite כְּבֵדִים, singular construct כְּבֵד־, plural construct כִּבְדֵי־) [pattern: קָטֵל]
* liver (organ of the body)
** Tanach, Leviticus 3:15, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵהֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַכְּסָלִים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹת יְסִירֶנָּה׃ve-et shtei ha-klayót ve-et ha-ḥéleḇ ashér 'aleihén ashér 'al ha-ksalím ve-et ha-yotéret 'al ha-kaḇéd 'al ha-klayót y'sirénnah.and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the loins, and the lobe above the liver, which he shall take away by the kidneys.
** Tanach, Ezekiel 21:26, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:כִּי־עָמַד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶל־אֵם הַדֶּרֶךְ בְּרֹאשׁ שְׁנֵי הַדְּרָכִים לִקְסָם־קָסֶם קִלְקַל בַּחִצִּים שָׁאַל בַּתְּרָפִים רָאָה בַּכָּבֵד׃Ki 'amad melekh Bavel el em ha-derekh, b-rosh shnei ha-drakhim, liq'sam qasem: qilqal ba-ḥitzim, sha'al ba-trafim. ra'ah ba-kaḇed.For the king of Babylon standeth at the parting of the way, at the head of the two ways, to use divination; he shaketh the arrows to and fro, he inquireth of the teraphim, he looketh in the liver.
** a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Yoma 8:6:מִי שֶׁנְּשָׁכוֹ כֶלֶב שׁוֹטֶה, אֵין מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתוֹ מֵחֲצַר כָּבֵד שֶׁלוֹ, וְרַבִּי מַתְיָא בֶן חָרָשׁ מַתִּיר.Mi she-n'shakhó khélev shotéh, ein ma'akhilin otó me-ḥatzár kaḇéd sheló, v-Rábbi Mátya ven Ḥarásh matír.If a person was bitten by a mad dog, they may not feed him the lobe of the dog's liver, though Rabbi Matya ben Ḥarash permits it.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic, cognate with Akkadian 𒂂 (kabtum), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎁𐎄 (kbd), Arabic كَبِد (kabid) and Ge'ez ክቡድ (kəbud).

#### Adjective

כָּבֵד • (kavéd) (feminine כְּבֵדָה, masculine plural כְּבֵדִים) [pattern: קָטֵל]
* heavy, having much weight

##### Derived terms

* בְּלֵב כָּבֵד (b'lév kavéd)

#### Verb

כָּבֵד • (kavéd) (pa'al construction)
* to be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Pronounced כָּבַדְתֶּם and כָּבַדְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. $^2$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

#### Verb

כִּבֵּד • (kibéd) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of כיבד

#### Noun

כֹּבֶד • (kóved) m
* defective spelling of כובד

##### References

* H3515 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* H3513 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Klein, Ernest (1987) “כָּבֵד”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 268c
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 607a
* Caspari, Wilhelm (1908) Die Bedeutungen der Wortsippe כבד im Hebräischen [The meanings of the word kin כבד in Hebrew]‎ (in German), Leipzig: A. Deichert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Nachf. (Georg Böhme)