# 獺

| 獺 | U+737A, &#29562; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-737A |
| ← 獹 [U+7379] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 獻 → [U+737B] |
| 獺 | U+2F928, &#194856; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F928 |
| ← 𤠔 [U+2F927] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 王 → [U+2F929] |

## Translingual
### Han character

獺 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 大竹木中金 (KHDLC), four-corner 4728$_6$, composition ⿰犭賴)

#### Derived characters

* 𤅂

#### Related characters

* 獭 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 721, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20782
* Dae Jaweon: page 1133, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1377, character 4
* Unihan data for U+737A
* Unihan data for U+2F928

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 賴 | *raːds |
| 籟 | *raːds |
| 癩 | *raːds, *raːd |
| 瀨 | *raːds |
| 藾 | *raːds |
| 攋 | *raːds, *reːdʔ, *raːd |
| 懶 | *raːnʔ |
| 嬾 | *raːnʔ |
| 獺 | *r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds)

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ram-s (“otter”) (Matisoff, 2010). If so, cognate with Tibetan སྲམ (sram), Burmese ဖျံ (hpyam) (Hill, 2019). See Matisoff (2010) for a possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy in the coda (Chinese -t vs. Tibeto-Burman -m).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) posit an optional animal prefix *m- as a way to account for the alternation between th- and trh- in Middle Chinese, citing Proto-Hmong *ntshju̯aᴬ, which shows prenasalization.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǎ, tà
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚˇ, ㄊㄚˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caat$^3$ / taat$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cat$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhat / that
    (Hailu, HRS): cad
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cad$^5$ / tad$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): tuŏi
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiák
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thoah / thah / that
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tuah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$thaq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ta$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǎ
*** Wade–Giles: tʻa$^3$
*** Yale: tǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taa
*** Palladius: та (ta)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰä²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tà
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tà
*** Wade–Giles: tʻa$^4$
*** Yale: tà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
*** Palladius: та (ta)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caat$^3$ / taat$^3$
*** Yale: chaat / taat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat$^8$ / taat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cad$^3$ / tad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːt̚³/, /tʰaːt̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cat$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰat̚³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tat$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰat̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhat / that
*** Hakka Romanization System: cad$^ˋ$ / tad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cad$^5$ / tad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚²/, /tʰat̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cad
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cad$^5$ / tad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚¹/, /tʰat̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tuŏi
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tiák
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɑʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoah
*** Tâi-lô: thuah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toaq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰuaʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuaʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thah
*** Tâi-lô: thah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰaʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰaʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: that
*** Tâi-lô: that
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰat̚⁵/
* thoah, thah - vernacular;
* that - literary.
* Middle Chinese: that, trhaet
Rime :
| Character | 獺 | 獺 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) | 黠 (71) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 他達切 | 他鎋切 |
| Baxter | that | trhaet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑt̚/ | /ʈʰˠat̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑt̚/ | /ʈʰᵚat̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑt̚/ | /ȶʰɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰat̚/ | /ʈʰaɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑt̚/ | /ȶʰat̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑt̚/ | /ȶʰat̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑt̚/ | /ȶʰăt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ta | cha |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taat$^3$ | caat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*r̥ˤat/, /*[m-r̥]ˤat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*r̥ʰaːd/, /*hr'aːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 獺 | 獺 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tǎ | tǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ that › | ‹ trhæt › |
| Old Chinese | /*r̥ˁat/ | /*[m-r̥]ˁat/ |
| English | otter | otter |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 獺 | 獺 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7640 | 7643 |
| Phonetic component | 賴 | 賴 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 闥 | 獺 |
| Old Chinese | /*r̥ʰaːd/ | /*hr'aːd/ |

### Definitions

獺
* otter (Classifier: 隻／只 m)
    From: Yang Xiong, The Canon of Supreme Mystery, 2 BCE
    tǎ rù yú yuān [Pinyin]
    Otters dive into the deep
** 2022 December 8, 王战强, 赵光辉, “寻走山谷看马洞”, in 香城都市报, page 12:
       Tǎ hé lǐ, jiàozuò “yào dé shàng tuánlín fā, lǐyú bèihòu liǎng zhī tǎ”, wèizhì xuǎn zài shàngxià tuánlín jiāojiè de nà zuò yàn xià. Lǐ zài shàng tǎ zài xià, lǐyú pà tǎ ya, jiù huì pīnmìng wǎng shàng táo, zhè jiù xiàngzhēng cáiyùn dōu wǎng shàng le, qiě xíngchéngle lǐyú tiào lóngmén de jǐngxiàng, yě shì yī ge jíxiàng. Xiànzài zhàn zài hébiān kàn nà liǎng zhī lǐyú hé yī zhī tǎ, hái zhēnde shì hěn xíngxiàng ne. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Compounds

* 旱獺 / 旱獭 (hàntǎ)
* 水獺 / 水獭 (shuǐtǎ)
* 海獺 / 海獭 (hǎitǎ)
* 猵獺 / 猵獭
* 獺祭 / 獭祭
* 獺祭魚 / 獭祭鱼

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 獺(だつ) (datsu)
Others:
* → Proto-Hmong: *ntshju̯aᴬ

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* otter

#### Readings

* Go-on: たち (tachi)
* Kan-on: たつ (tatsu)
* Kan’yō-on: だつ (datsu)
* Kun: うそ (uso, 獺)、おそ (oso, 獺)、かわうそ (kawauso, 獺)、かわおそ (kawaoso, 獺)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 獺
* おそ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 獺
* うそ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うそ [úꜜsò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɯ̟so̞]
* Homophones: 嘘, 鷽

#### Noun

獺(うそ) • (uso) (alternative reading hiragana おそ, rōmaji oso, historical hiragana をそ)
* an otter

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 獺
* かわおそ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 獺
* かわうそ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 獺 – see the following entry. :
| 【川獺かわうそ】 | [noun] an otter (mammal) Alternative spelling カワウソ |
| 【川獺かわおそ】 | [noun] an otter (mammal) Alternative spelling カワオソ |
(This term, 獺, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 獺 (MC that).
Recorded as Middle Korean 타ᇙ〮 (Yale: thalq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 달〮 (tál) (Yale: tal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 獺 (eumhun 수달 달 (sudal dal))
* hanja form of 달 (“otter”)

#### Compounds

* 산달 (山獺, sandal, “raccoon dog”)
* 수달 (水獺, sudal, “otter”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

獺: Hán Nôm readings: thát, rái
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.