# purdah
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindustani پردہ / पर्दा (pardā), and its etymon Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɜːdə/, /-dɑː/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpɝdə/
* Hyphenation: pur‧dah

### Noun

purdah (countable and uncountable, plural purdahs)
* (countable, chiefly South Asia, also figuratively) A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers. [from early 17th c.]
** 1909, Rudyard Kipling, “A Wayside Comedy”, in Under the Deodars (The Works of Rudyard Kipling), Edinburgh de Luxe edition, Boston, Mass., London: The Edinburgh Society, →OCLC, page 64:As she passed through the dining-room she heard, behind the purdah that cloaked the drawing-room door, her husband's voice, […]
** 1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter II, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part I (Mosque), page 11:"Come and see my wife a little then," said Hamidullah, and they spent twenty minutes behind the purdah.
* (by extension)
** (countable) A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies. [from 20th c.]
    Hyponym: burka
** (uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body. [from 19th c.]
*** 1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter VI, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part I (Mosque), page 53:He was won by her love for him, by a loyalty that implied something more than submission, and by her efforts to educate herself against that lifting of the purdah that would come in the next generation if not in theirs.
** (uncountable, figuratively) Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy. [from 20th c.]
*** 1928 July, John Galsworthy, “Measles”, in Swan Song, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, part II, page 143:The diagnosis of Kit's malady was soon verified, and Fleur went into purdah.
*** 1989, Greil Marcus, “Version 2: A Secret History of a Time that Passed”, in Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 277:Still, though the lettrist movement was not casual—members might be fined, put in purdah, or even expelled for malingering—aesthetic pluralism remained in effect.
** (countable, UK politics) The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election.
*** 2021 June 2, “Network News: ‘Root and Branch’ Review Three Years in the Making”, in Rail, number 932, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:Despite Rail Minister Chris Heaton-Harris's reassurance that "the White Paper is coming" it was further delayed by the period of purdah that preceded local elections held on May 6.
** (uncountable, obsolete, rare) A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains. [19th c.]

#### Usage notes

As regards sense 2.4, the use of a term that refers to the practice of secluding women to mean a pre-election period in the United Kingdom is regarded by some people as offensive.
* This section or entry lacks references or sources. Please help verify this information by adding appropriate citations. You can also discuss it at the Tea Room.

#### Alternative forms

* pardah, purda

#### Derived terms

* purdahed

#### Related terms

* purdahnashin

#### See also

* gosha

### References

* ↑ Doane, Mary Ann (2021 October 18) Bigger Than Life: The Close-Up and Scale in the Cinema, Duke University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “In this respect, it is very interesting to note that the term "purdah," designating the veil worn over a woman's face in certain Islamic societies, is derived from the Hindi and Urdu "parda," meaning "screen," "curtain," or "veil."”
* ↑ “Purdah”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Lehigh University, 2019 December 15, retrieved 31 August 2022: “(Hindustani) Seclusion. "Purdah" literally means curtain or veil. In the Indian context it referred to women kept secluded from public life.”
* ↑ “purdah, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “purdah, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* purdah on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* purdah (pre-election period) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* hard up, hard-up

## Malay
### Noun

purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah, informal 1st possessive purdahku, 2nd possessive purdahmu, 3rd possessive purdahnya)
* veil (for a woman's face)

### Further reading

* “purdah” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.