# atmosfera
## Catalan
### Etymology

From New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Equivalent to atmo- +‎ -sfera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əd.musˈfe.ɾə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əd.mosˈfe.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ad.mosˈfe.ɾa]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

atmosfera f (plural atmosferes)
* atmosphere (air)
* (figurative) atmosphere, ambiance
    Synonym: ambient
* atmosphere (unit of measurement)

#### Hypernyms

* estratosfera
* exosfera
* ionosfera
* mesosfera
* termosfera
* troposfera

#### Derived terms

* atmosfèric
* extraatmosfèric

### Further reading

* “atmosfera” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “atmosfera”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “atmosfera” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “atmosfera” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Corsican
### Alternative forms

* atmusfera

### Etymology

From French atmosphère, from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Akin to Italian atmosfera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /atmosˈfera/
* Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra

### Noun

atmosfera f (plural atmosfere)
* atmosphere
** 2019, Zosimov Premudroslovsky StaVl, Mutanti Sovetti: Fantasia divertente, →ISBN:Luntanu, luntanu à a fruntiera di l'antica URSS (avà Kazakistan) è a Cina, in u sudeste di a regione Semipalatinsk, vicinu à a cità de Ayaguz, traduttu cum'è "Oh toro", ci era un terrenu di teste nucleare cù una atmosfera radioattiva infettata ottenuta da a negligenza di i schientifichi in opera.Far, far away on the border of the former USSR (now Kazakhstan) and China, in the southeast of the region Semipalatinsk, next to the city of Ayaguz, translated as "Oh toro", there was a terrain of nuclear testing with an infected radioactive atmosphere obtained due to the negligence of the scientists in operation.

### References

* “atmusfera, atmosfera” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

## Esperanto
### Etymology

atmosfer- + -a

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [atmosˈfera]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -era
* Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra

### Adjective

atmosfera (accusative singular atmosferan, plural atmosferaj, accusative plural atmosferajn)
* (meteorology) atmospheric

## Galician
### Noun

atmosfera f (plural atmosferas)
* atmosphere

#### Derived terms

* atmosférico

### Further reading

* “atmosfera”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Iban
### Etymology

Borrowed from English atmosphere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ətmosfera/

### Noun

atmosfera
* atmosphere

## Italian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “vapour”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /at.mosˈfɛ.ra/
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fè‧ra

### Noun

atmosfera f (plural atmosfere)
* atmosphere (all meanings), air
* normal atmospheric pressure

#### Derived terms

* atmosferico

### Further reading

* atmosfera in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Ultimately from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”)

### Noun

atmosferà f (plural atmosfèros) stress pattern 2
* atmosphere

#### Declension
## Malay
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /atmosˈfera/ [at̪.mosˈfe.ra]
* Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra

### Noun

atmosfera (Jawi spelling اتموسفيرا, plural atmosfera-atmosfera, informal 1st possessive atmosferaku, 2nd possessive atmosferamu, 3rd possessive atmosferanya)
* atmosphere

### Further reading

* “atmosfera” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French atmosphère. By surface analysis, atmo- +‎ sfera. First attested in 1741. Compare Silesian atmosfera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /at.mɔsˈfɛ.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Syllabification: at‧mos‧fe‧ra

### Noun

atmosfera f (diminutive atmosferka, related adjective atmosferyczny or (rare) atmosferowy, abbreviation atm)
* atmosphere (the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body)
* (figuratively) atmosphere (the apparent mood felt in an environment)
    Synonyms: aura, klimat, nastrój
* atmosphere (a unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level)
    atmosfera techiczna ― techncial atmosphere

#### Derived terms

* gęsta atmosfera
* atmosfera zgęstniała pf, atmosfera gęstnieje impf

#### Related terms

* atmosferycznie
* atmosferyki

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: atmòsfera

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “atmosfera”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “atmosfera”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Kazimierz Żelazko (29.12.2014) “ATMOSFERA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

### Further reading

* atmosfera in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* atmosfera in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 68
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “atmosfera”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* atmosphera (pre-standardization spelling)

### Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). By surface analysis, atmo- +‎ esfera.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /at͡ʃ.mosˈfɛ.ɾɐ/, /a.t͡ʃi.mosˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /at͡ʃ.mosˈfɛ.ɾɐ/, /a.t͡ʃi.mosˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /at͡ʃ.moʃˈfɛ.ɾɐ/, /a.t͡ʃi.moʃˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /at͡ʃ.mosˈfɛ.ɾa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.tmuʃˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
* Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra

### Noun

atmosfera f (plural atmosferas)
* atmosphere
** gases surrounding the Earth (or another astronomical body)
** the air in an environment
** (figuratively) the apparent mood felt in an environment
** (chemistry, planetology) a unit of measurement for pressure (symbol: atm)

#### Meronyms

* camada de ozono, camada de ozônio
* estratosfera
* exosfera
* ionosfera
* mesosfera
* termosfera
* troposfera

#### Derived terms

* atmosférico

### Further reading

* “atmosfera”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /atmosfěːra/
* Hyphenation: a‧tmo‧sfe‧ra

### Noun

atmosféra f (Cyrillic spelling атмосфе́ра)
* atmosphere (also figuratively)
* normal atmospheric pressure

#### Derived terms

* atmòsfērskī
* ȁtmosfērskī

## Spanish
### Noun

atmosfera f (plural atmosferas)
* Alternative form of atmósfera

### Further reading

* “atmosfera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10