# 恩典
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ēndiǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^1$ din$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ên-tién
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yng$^1$ deng$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): un-tián / in-tián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ēndiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: endiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: ên$^1$-tien$^3$
*** Yale: ēn-dyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: endean
*** Palladius: эньдянь (enʹdjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀən⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$ din$^2$
*** Yale: yān dín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$ din$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$ din$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵ tiːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên-tién
*** Hakka Romanization System: en$^ˊ$ dien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: en$^1$ dian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /en²⁴ ti̯en³¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yng$^1$ deng$^3$ [Phonetic: yng$^5$ deng$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳng-dêng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ tɛŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yng$^1$ deng$^3$ [Phonetic: yng$^5$ deng$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ tɛŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un-tián
*** Tâi-lô: un-tián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: undiern
*** IPA (Taipei): /un⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /un⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-tián
*** Tâi-lô: in-tián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: indiern
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

### Noun

恩典
* favour; grace; kindness; blessing
    From: 1919, Lu Xun under the pen name Tang Si, 《我們現在怎樣做父親》 (What Is Required of Us as Fathers Today), transl. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang
    Yǐnshí de jiéguǒ, yǎnghuó le zìjǐ, duìyú zìjǐ méiyǒu ēn; xìngjiāo de jiéguǒ, shēngchū zǐnǚ, duìyú zǐnǚ dāngrán yě suànbùliǎo ēn. — qiánqiánhòuhòu, dōu xiàng shēngmìng de chángtú zǒuqù, jǐnyǒu xiānhòu de bùtóng, fēnbùchū shéi shòu shéi de ēndiǎn. [Pinyin]
    Eating and drinking result in self-preservation, but this is no favour conferred upon ourselves; sexual intercourse results in children, but this is no favour conferred upon the children. One after another we advance down the long road of life, the only difference between us being that some come earlier, some later. But no one need feel under an obligation to anyone else.
    From: The Firmament of the Pleiades
    Núcai tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn! [Pinyin]
    I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!
* (Christianity) grace (an attribute of God)
    恩典時代／恩典时代 ― ēndiǎn shídài ― The Age of Grace
    From: Romans 3:24 (Chinese Union Version)
    Rújīn què méng Shén de ēndiǎn, yīn Jīdū Yēsū de jiùshú, jiù báibái de chēngyì. [Pinyin]
    Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

#### Synonyms

* 恩 (ēn)
* 恩德 (ēndé)
* 恩惠 (ēnhuì)
* 恩情 (ēnqíng)
* 恩意 (ēnyì) (literary)
* 恩施 (ēnshī) (literary)
* 恩義 / 恩义 (ēnyì)

#### Derived terms

* 不可抗拒的恩典 (bùkě kàngjù de ēndiǎn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 恩典(おんてん) (onten)
* → Korean: 은전(恩典) (eunjeon)
* → Vietnamese: ân điển (恩典)

### Verb

恩典
* (intransitive) to give favours
    From: 清·貪夢道人，《彭公案·第九回》
    Xiǎorén bìng wú biéde yuángù, qiú lǎoyé ēndiǎn ba! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 恩 | 典 |
| おん Grade: 6 | てん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おんてん [òńtéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [õ̞ntẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

恩(おん)典(てん) • (onten)
* a (special) favor; a privilege

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 恩 | 典 |

### Noun

恩典 • (eunjeon) (hangeul 은전)
* hanja form of 은전

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 恩 | 典 |

### Noun

恩典
* chữ Hán form of ân điển.