OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 側ら
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* かたわ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 側ら – see the following entry. :
| 【かたわら】 | [adverb] in addition, besides, while [noun] the side of something [noun] a person nearby [noun] the area nearby; vicinity [noun] a remote partially built-up area along a major highway [noun] in addition to…, while doing…, on the other hand… Alternative spellings 傍ら, 傍, 側, 旁, 旁ら, 脇, 脇ら |
(This term, 側ら, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# giá
## Hamer-Banna
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡiá/, [ɡiá̤]

### Verb

giá
* to say, tell

### References

* Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎, Leiden University

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaː˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [jaː˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jaː˦˥]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 價.

#### Noun

giá
* price

##### Derived terms

* đáng giá
* đánh giá
* giá cả
* giá thành
* giá trị
* trả giá

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

(classifier cọng, cây) giá • (稼)
* (Southern Vietnam) bean sprouts
    Synonym: giá đỗ

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 架.

#### Noun

giá
* shelf
* mount (object on which another object is mounted)

#### See also

* giá thể

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Vietic *k-caːʔ (“hail”); cognate with Muong Bi chỉa, Arem kəcæːʔ and Thavung kəcaː³.

#### Adjective

giá • (𬰊, 這)
* (obsolete or only in compounds) cold
    Buớc vào tháng sáu giá chân; Tháng Chạp nằm trần bức đổ mồ hôiAs one steps into the sixth month, one's feet get cold; In the twelfth month, it's so hot one lies bare-chested and sweating.

##### Derived terms

* băng giá
* buốt giá
* giá lạnh
* giá rét

### Etymology 5

Possibly Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 假 (SV: giả)

#### Conjunction

giá
* if; in case; supposing; if only; I wish
    Synonyms: phải chi, giả như, giá như, nếu như, giá mà
    Giá trời không mưa thì giờ ta đã đến nơi rồi.If it had not rained we would have already arrived.

### Anagrams

* gái
# مصعد
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ص ع د (ṣ ʕ d). Tool noun from صَعِدَ (ṣaʕida, “to ascend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /misˤ.ʕad/

### Noun

مِصْعَد • (miṣʕad) m (plural مَصَاعِد (maṣāʕid))
* elevator, lift
* ascent
* step, stairs, ladder

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مصعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صعد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# کليءن
## Malay
### Noun

کليءن (plural کليءن-کليءن or کليءن٢, informal 1st possessive کليءنکو, 2nd possessive کليءنمو, 3rd possessive کليءنڽ)
* Jawi spelling of klien‎.
# 脇ら
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 脇
* かたわ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 脇ら – see the following entry. :
| 【かたわら】 | [adverb] in addition, besides, while [noun] the side of something [noun] a person nearby [noun] the area nearby; vicinity [noun] a remote partially built-up area along a major highway [noun] in addition to…, while doing…, on the other hand… Alternative spellings 傍ら, 傍, 側ら, 側, 旁, 旁ら, 脇 |
(This term, 脇ら, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# luminescenza
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin lūmen, lūminis (“light”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lu.mi.neʃˈʃɛn.t͡sa/
* Rhymes: -ɛntsa
* Hyphenation: lu‧mi‧ne‧scèn‧za

### Noun

luminescenza f (plural luminescenze)
* luminescence
* glow

#### Related terms

* luminescente

### Further reading

* luminescenza in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* luminescenza in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* luminescenza in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* luminescènza in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* luminescènza in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# معطف
## Arabic
### Etymology

Tool noun from the root ع ط ف (ʕ ṭ f).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miʕ.tˤaf/

### Noun

مِعْطَف • (miʕṭaf) m (plural مَعاطِف (maʕāṭif))
* coat, overcoat, smock

#### Declension
### Further reading

* معطف on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ar}$
# च्युति
## Hindi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit च्युति (chyuti, “fall, decline, lapse”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃjʊ.t̪iː/

### Noun

च्युति • (cyuti) f
* fall, decline, lapse
* dismissal, removal
* deviation, defection

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “च्युति”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 335
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “च्युति”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 717
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “96”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
# присловнїк
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

From при- (pri-) +‎ слово (slovo) +‎ -нїк (-njik). Calque of Carpathian Rusyn присло́вник (pryslóvnyk), itself a calque of Latin adverbium. Compare Polish przysłówek and Ukrainian прислівник (pryslivnyk). Unrelated to словнїк (slovnjik).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prisˈlɔvɲik]
* Rhymes: -ɔvɲik
* Hyphenation: при‧слов‧нїк

### Noun

присловнїк (prislovnjik) m inan (related adjective присловнїков or присловнїцки)
* (grammar) adverb

#### Derived terms

* дїєприсловнїк m inan (djijeprislovnjik)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “присловнїк”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “adverb”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 19
# buku panduan maskapai penerbangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of buku panduan +‎ maskapai penerbangan.

### Noun

buku panduan maskapai penerbangan (plural buku-buku panduan maskapai penerbangan)
* (business, tourism) guide book containing information about airlines, including departure schedules.

### Further reading

* “buku panduan maskapai penerbangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# entnehmen
## German
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German entnëmen, from Old High German intneman. Equivalent to ent- (“from”) +‎ nehmen (“take”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʔɛntˈneːmən]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ent‧neh‧men

### Verb

entnehmen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present entnimmt, past tense entnahm, past participle entnommen, past subjunctive entnähme, auxiliary haben) (transitive) [with dative or aus (+ dative) ‘from something’]
* (formal) to take out, to remove (from a container or receptacle, into one's possession)
    Synonyms: herausnehmen, nehmen
    Bitte Karte entnehmen ― Please remove card
* to take, to draw, to extract (from a source)
    Blut entnehmen ― to withdraw blood
* to learn from, to conclude, to tell (a fact or conclusion from the observation or perusal of something)
    Deinem Schweigen kann ich entnehmen, dass nicht einverstanden bist.From your silence I can tell that you don't agree.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Related terms

* Entnahme

### Further reading

* “entnehmen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “entnehmen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “entnehmen” in Duden online
* “entnehmen” in OpenThesaurus.de
# godzillion
## English
### Etymology

Blend of Godzilla +‎ zillion.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪljən

### Noun

godzillion (plural godzillions)
* (slang, hyperbolic) An unspecified large number (of).
** 2001, James R. Keena, Insurrection Resurrection:The bastard has made a career out of filibustering my best legislation just because I screwed his wife and daughter at the same time in his own bed. He won't be able to refund the money, simply because there isn't any. We're a godzillion dollars in debt.
** 2017, Karen Valley, Aurora Drifting:"Tony, what would you do if you had a godzillion dollars?" "A godzillion, huh? Oh, I don't know. Probably just keep fixing airplanes and give it to you." "Forget me," she said. "What would YOU do?" "I guess I could own a helicopter then, couldn't I?"

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:zillion

#### Derived terms

* godzillionth
# مكسور
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of كَسَرَ (kasara, “to break”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mak.suːr/

### Adjective

مَكْسُور • (maksūr) (feminine مَكْسُورَة (maksūra), masculine plural مَكْسُورُونَ (maksūrūna), feminine plural مَكْسُورَات (maksūrāt))
* broken
    زُجَاج مَكْسُور ― zujāj maksūr ― broken glass
* (grammar) followed by the vowel sign kasra
    Hypernym: مُعْجَم (muʕjam)
    Coordinate terms: مَفْتُوح (maftūḥ), مَضْمُوم (maḍmūm)
# ολόφρεσκος
## Greek
### Etymology

From ολό- (oló-) +‎ φρέσκος (fréskos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈlo.fɾe.skos/
* Hyphenation: ο‧λό‧φρε‧σκος

### Adjective

ολόφρεσκος • (olófreskos) m (feminine ολόφρεσκη, neuter ολόφρεσκο)
* intensive form of φρέσκος (fréskos, “fresh”): very fresh

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ ολόφρεσκος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# 檼

| 檼 | U+6ABC, &#27324; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6ABC |
| ← 檻 [U+6ABB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 檽 → [U+6ABD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

檼 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 木月一心 (DBMP), composition ⿰木㥯)
* ridgepole
* shape wood by use of heat
* tool for shaping bent wood

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 559, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15747
* Dae Jaweon: page 948, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1309, character 13
* Unihan data for U+6ABC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 隱 | *qɯnʔ, *qɯns |
| 櫽 | *qɯnʔ |
| 嶾 | *qɯnʔ |
| 癮 | *qɯn |
| 懚 | *qɯns |
| 檼 | *qɯns |
| 穩 | *qʷɯːnʔ |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yìn (yin$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìn
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^4$
*** Yale: yìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinn
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'j+nH
Rime :
| Character | 檼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於靳切 |
| Baxter | 'j+nH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 檼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15320 |
| Phonetic component | 隱 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㒚 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯns/ |

#### Definitions

檼
* ridgepole

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐn (yin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^3$
*** Yale: yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

檼
* Alternative form of 櫽 / 𬄩 (yǐn)

#### Compounds

* 檼栝

#### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 2), p. 133

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): いん (in)
* Kun: むね (mune)

## Korean
### Hanja

檼 • (eun) (hangeul 은, revised eun, McCune–Reischauer ŭn, Yale un)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# aura farm
## English
### Etymology

Back-formation of aura farming.

### Verb

aura farm (third-person singular simple present aura farms, present participle aura farming, simple past and past participle aura farmed)
* (Internet slang) to engage in aura farming: to “farm” (engage in coordinated or repetitive efforts regarded by others as unappealing) aura (a desirable aesthetic)
# 㒍

| 㒍 | U+348D, &#13453; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348D |
| ← 㒌 [U+348C] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 㒎 → [U+348E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

㒍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人戈戈火 (OIIF), four-corner 2329$_3$, composition ⿰亻絫)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 118, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 223, character 4
* Unihan data for U+348D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 絫 (OC *rolʔ).

### Etymology

* For pronunciation and definitions of 㒍 – see 儽 (“drooping, hanging down; tired out; lazy; exhausted; etc.”). (This character is an obsolete form of 儽).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00200-002
# triples
## English
### Noun

triples
* plural of triple

### Noun

triples pl (plural only)
* (campanology) bell changes rung on seven bells
    A quarter peal of plain bob triples was rung.

### Verb

triples
* third-person singular simple present indicative of triple

### Anagrams

* Pirtles, Spitler, Tiplers, prelist, preslit, resplit, spilter, spirtle, stilper, tripels

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈtɾi.pləs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈtɾi.ples]

### Adjective

triples
* plural of triple

### Noun

triples
* plural of triple

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁipl/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

triples
* second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of tripler

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɾiples/ [ˈt̪ɾi.ples]
* Rhymes: -iples
* Syllabification: tri‧ples

### Adjective

triples m pl or f pl
* plural of triple

### Noun

triples m pl
* plural of triple
# ممثل
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of مَثَّلَ (maṯṯala, “to represent, portray, to act (on stage, etc.)”).
Compare with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܡܡܲܬܠܵܢܵܐ (mmatlānā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.maθ.θil/

### Noun

مُمَثِّل • (mumaṯṯil) m (plural مُمَثِّلُون (mumaṯṯilūn), feminine مُمَثِّلَة (mumaṯṯila))
* (film, television, theater) actor
* representative (in government)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: müməssil
* → Ottoman Turkish: ممثل (mümessil)
** Turkish: mümessil (“representative, delegate, agent”)
# ಕೆಲಸಗಾರ
## Kannada
### Etymology

From ಕೆಲಸ (kelasa, “work”) +‎ -ಕಾರ (-kāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kelɐsɐɡaːɾɐ/

### Noun

ಕೆಲಸಗಾರ • (kelasagāra)
* artisan, craftsman
* employee, hand, laborer, worker

#### Declension

| Case/Form | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರನು (kelasagāranu) | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರರು (kelasagāraru) |
| Accusative | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರನನ್ನು (kelasagāranannu) | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರರನ್ನು (kelasagārarannu) |
| Instrumental | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರನಿಂದ (kelasagāraninda) | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರರಿಂದ (kelasagārarinda) |
| Dative | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರನಿಗೆ (kelasagāranige) | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರರಿಗೆ (kelasagārarige) |
| Genitive | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರನ (kelasagārana) | ಕೆಲಸಗಾರರ (kelasagārara) |
# black knight
## English
### Noun

black knight (plural black knights)
* (fiction) A villain or evil character who masks their identity and that of their liege by not displaying heraldry.
    Antonym: white knight
* A dragonfly of species Camacinia othello

#### Translations
### See also

* knight in shining armor
* white knight

## Cebuano
### Noun

black knight
* (slang) a dark-colored undetermined species of spider used in spider fighting
# coproculture
## English
### Etymology

From copro- +‎ culture.

### Noun

coproculture (plural coprocultures)
* (biology) The culture of feces, typically in order to detect microorganisms within it.
# program nonreguler
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of program + reguler +‎ non-.

### Noun

program nonreguler (plural program-program nonreguler)
* (education) part-time study programme

### Further reading

* “program nonreguler” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# 世界中
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 世 | 界 | 中 |
| せ Grade: 3 | かい Grade: 3 | ちゅう > じゅう Grade: 1 |
| goon | kan'on | on'yomi |
Kanji in this term :
| 世 | 界 | 中 |
| せ Grade: 3 | かい Grade: 3 | ちゅう > ぢゅう Grade: 1 |
| goon | kan'on | on'yomi |

### Etymology

From 世界 (sekai, “world”) +‎ 中 (-jū, “all over, throughout”).

### Noun

世(せ)界(かい)中(じゅう) or 世(せ)界(かい)中(ぢゅう) • (sekaijū)
* throughout the world

#### Idioms

* 世(せ)界(かい)中(じゅう)が白壁(しらかべ)造(づく)り (sekaijū ga shirakabezukuri): "all the world is plastered walls" → there are plenty more fish in the sea (in a positive sense, in reference to finding employment)

#### See also

* 洋(よう)の東西(とうざい)を問(と)わず (yō no tōzai o towazu)
# من أجل
## Arabic
### Etymology

مِنْ (min) +‎ أَجْلِ (ʔajli).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min ʔad͡ʒ.li/

### Preposition

مِنْ أَجْلِ • (min ʔajli)
* for the sake of, on account of, because of
    Synonym: لِأَجْلِ (li-ʔajli)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:32:مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًاmin ʔajli ḏālika katabnā ʕalā banī ʔisrāʔīla ʔannahu man qatala nafsan biḡayri nafsin ʔaw fasādin fī l-ʔarḍi fakaʔannamā qatala n-nāsa jamīʕan waman ʔaḥyāhā fakaʔannamā ʔaḥyā n-nāsa jamīʕan(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# nëndialekt
## Albanian
### Noun

nëndialékt m
* (linguistics) subdialect

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “nëndialekt”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “nëndialekt”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# krëndi
## Albanian
### Noun

krëndi
* inflection of krënd:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite dative/ablative singular
# 흑기사
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 黑騎士, from 黑 (“black”) + 騎士 (“knight”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [xɯk̚k͈isʰa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [흑끼사]

### Noun

흑기사 • (heukgisa) (hanja 黑騎士)
* black knight
* (slang) one (especially a man) who volunteers to take a drink for another person (especially a girl)
# افراشتن
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* افراختن (afrâxtan)
* افرازیدن (afrâzîdan, “present stem infinitive”)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾplʾstn' /⁠abrāštan⁠/, “to lift, raise”), is a compound verb, so the elements are *af- from Proto-Iranian *Hapá (“off, away, from”) or Proto-Indo-European *upó (“under, below, towards”) + *rāš- from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás (“straightened, right”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaf.ɾɑːʃ.tan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäf.ɾɑːʃ.t̪ʰän]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäf.ɾɑːʃ.t̪ʰän]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäf.ɾɑːʃ.t̪ʰän]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäf.ɾɔːʃ.t̪ʰän]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæf.ɹɒːʃ.t̪ʰæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäf.ɾɔʃ.t̪ʰän]

### Verb

افراشتن • (afrâštan) (present stem افراز (afrâz))
* to raise, to elevate, to lift, to exalt, to erect
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3008:چیست تعظیم خدا افراشتن / خویشتن را خوار و خاکی داشتنčîst ta'zîm-i-xudâ afrâštan / xwêš-atân râ xwâr u xaki dâštanWhat is (the meaning of) to exalt and glorify God? / To deem yourself despicable and (worthless) as dust.

#### Conjugation
### References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “افراشتن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# ac sic
## Latin
### Etymology

From ac +‎ sīc (“thus”). Attested in the Itinerarium Egeriae.

### Adverb

ac sīc (not comparable) (Late Latin)
* thus, accordingly
    Synonym: *eccum sīc

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: ashi
** Romanian: așa
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: assi
*** Galician: así
*** Portuguese: assim
** Old Spanish: assi
*** Ladino: ansí
*** Spanish: así
# fshesë
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* pshesë, meshesë

### Etymology

Derivative of fshij.

### Noun

fshesë f (plural fshesa, definite fshesa, definite plural fshesat)
* broom
    Synonym: nétull (regional)
* (botany) sorghum
* (botany) broomcorn
* (botany) sea lavender

#### Hyponyms

* fshesë deti (“species of brown algae”) (Halopteris scoparia)
* fshesë e egër (“yellow kidney vetch”) (Anthyllis hermanniae)
* fshesë elektrike (“vacuum cleaner”)
* fshesë me korrent (“vacuum cleaner”)
# alunno
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin alumnus (“ward”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈlun.no/
* Rhymes: -unno
* Hyphenation: a‧lùn‧no

### Noun

alunno m (plural alunni, feminine alunna)
* schoolchild, schoolboy

#### See also

* allievo
* scolaro
* studente

### Further reading

* alunno in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* alunno in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
* alunno in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* alunno in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* alùnno in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* alunno in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
* alunno in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# منقار
## Arabic
### Etymology

Tool noun from نَقَرَ (naqara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min.qaːr/
** (Gulf) IPA: /mɪn.qaːr/
** (Morocco) IPA: /min.qaːr/, /man.qaːr/

### Noun

مِنْقَار • (minqār) m (plural مَنَاقِير (manāqīr))
* beak, bill
* a kind of gardening instrument, hack
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 13, page 575:إن لم ينجع هذا قشق في أصلها تحت الأرض في ثلاثة مواضع منه بمنقار واضرب فيه دسائر من البقص أو من الجلنار أو من البرباريسIf this does not succeed then reave the stem under the earth on three places with a hack and hit pegs of box, pomegranate or barberry into it.

#### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِنْقَار (minqār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min.ɡaːr/, [mɪŋ.ɡaːr]

### Noun

منقار • (mingār) m (plural مَنَاقِير (manāgīr))
* beak, bill
# ยิน
## Thai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ŋinᴬ (“to hear”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Lao ຍິນ (nyin), Tai Dam ꪉꪲꪙ, Shan ငိၼ်း (ngín), ယိၼ်း (yín) or ၺိၼ်း (nyín), Ahom 𑜂𑜢𑜃𑜫 (ṅin).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Zhuang nyi.
Ccmpare Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəʀ (whence Paiwan ladenga or langeda, Malay dengar, Tagalog dinig).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | ยิน y i n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | yin |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | yin |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /jin˧/ |

### Verb

ยิน • (yin)
* (chiefly in compounds) to hear.
* to feel; to like.

#### Derived terms

* ได้ยิน (dâi-yin)
* ยินดี (yin-dii)
* ยินยอม (yin-yɔɔm)
* ยินร้าย

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 353
# thuprave
## Albanian
### Noun

thuprave
* inflection of thupër:
** indefinite dative plural
** definite dative/ablative plural
# Guillemins
## English
### Noun

Guillemins
* plural of Guillemin