# 地震
## Chinese

* 地震

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dìzhèn
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄓㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): di$^4$ zen$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dei$^6$ zan$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ti$^5$ 'ziin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thi-chṳ́n
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ti$^4$ zen$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): di$^3$ zeng$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): dī-cěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dê-cīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tē-chín / tōe-chín
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^7$ zing$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$di-tsen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di$^5$ zhen$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dìzhèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄓㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dìjhèn
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^4$-chên$^4$
*** Yale: dì-jèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihjenn
*** Palladius: дичжэнь (dičžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: di$^4$ zen$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: di zen
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²¹³ t͡sən⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dei$^6$ zan$^3$
*** Yale: deih jan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dei$^6$ dzan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: déi$^6$ zen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tei̯²² t͡sɐn³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ti$^5$ 'ziin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi¹¹ ˈt͡sɨn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi-chṳ́n
*** Hakka Romanization System: ti ziin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ti$^4$ zin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ti$^4$ zen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sən³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: di$^3$ zeng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti⁴⁵ t͡səŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dī-cěng
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵⁵ t͡seiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dê-cīng
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-chín
*** Tâi-lô: tē-tsín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dexcien
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ t͡sin⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² t͡sin⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ t͡sin⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe-chín
*** Tâi-lô: tuē-tsín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doexcien
*** IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡sin⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^7$ zing$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī tsíng
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹¹ t͡siŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$di-tsen
*** MiniDict: di$^去$ tsen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$di-tsen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² t͡sən⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: di$^5$ zhen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sən⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dijH tsyinH
Rime :
| Character | 地 | 震 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 徒四切 | 章刃切 |
| Baxter | dijH | tsyinH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /diɪ$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /di$^H$/ | /t͡ɕin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /djɪ$^H$/ | /t͡ɕjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /di$^H$/ | /cin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /di$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /di$^H$/ | /t͡ɕĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dì | zhèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dei$^6$ | zan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤej-s tər-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'els tjɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 地 | 震 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dì | zhèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dij$^H$ › | ‹ tsyin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l]ˁej-s/ | /*tər-s/ |
| English | earth, ground | clap of thunder |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 地 | 震 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14808 | 1367 |
| Phonetic component | 也 | 辰 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 地 | 震 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'els/ | /*tjɯn/ |

### Noun

地震
* earthquake (Classifier: 場／场 m; 次 m c)
    地震活動／地震活动 ― dìzhèn huódòng ― seismic activity
       Táiwān fāshēng dìzhèn le. [Pinyin]
       There was an earthquake in Taiwan.
       Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì. [Pinyin]
       After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Yáng fú ér bùnéng chū, yīn pò ér bùnéng zhēng, yúshì yǒu dìzhèn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts
    官場大地震／官场大地震 ― guānchǎng dà dìzhèn ― a major change in government officials

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 地震, 震 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 地震, 地牛翻身 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 地震, 老鱉翻身 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 地震 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 地震 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 地震 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 地震, 地動 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 地震, 地動 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 地震, 地動 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 地陷 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 地震, 地動 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 地震 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 地震 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 地震 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 地震, 鰲魚眨眼地翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 地震 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 地震 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 地動, 龍翻身哩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 地震, 地牛搖頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qimen (Anling; Junhua) | 鰲魚翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 地動 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 地震 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 地震, 地動 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 地震 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 地震, 蛟龍翻身 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 地震, 鰲魚翻身, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 地震, 鰲魚換肩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 地震, 鱷魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 地震, 地動, 鱷魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 地動, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚擦眼睛, 鰲魚眨眼睛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 地震, 地動 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 地震, 地動 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 地震, 地動 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 地震 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 地震 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 地震, 地牛躝側 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 地震 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚動翅 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 地震 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 地震, 孽龍轉身 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 地震, 天地轉側, 地牛轉側 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 地牛轉側 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 地轉側 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 地震, 地轉側 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Jiexi (Huizhai) | 地牛換肩 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Changting | 鰲魚翻身 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 地轉側 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 鰲魚轉側, 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 地震, 地動 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 天轉側 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 地牛轉肩 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 地震 |
| Huizhou | Qimen (Anling; Minhua) | 鰲魚翻身, 地震 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Datong | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 地動 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 地動 |
| Jin | Linhe | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Jining | 地搖 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 地震 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 地動 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 地震 |
| Jin | Handan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 地動 |
| Jin | Suide | 地震, 土牛兒翻身 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 地震, 地牛反肩 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 地震, 地牛轉肩 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 地震, 地牛車轉身 dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 地牛過肩, 地顫 rural |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 地動 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 地牛翻身, 地動 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 地動, 塗牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 地牛翻身, 地動 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 地動, 塗牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 地動, 地顫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 地震 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 地震 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 地牛換肩 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 地牛翻身 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 地動 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 地動 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 龍翻身, 牛搏肩 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 地震 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 地震, 地動 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 地震 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 地震, 天搖地動 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 地震, 地藏王轉肩 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 地震 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 地震 |

### Verb

地震
* (impersonal) to have an earthquake
    臺灣地震了。／台湾地震了。 ― Táiwān dìzhèn le. ― There was an earthquake in Taiwan.
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Hòu shùrì yì zhì, guǒ dìzhèn lǒngxī, yúshì jiē fú qí miào. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Derived terms

* 中源地震
* 九二一大地震
* 唐山大地震
* 地震儀 / 地震仪 (dìzhènyí)
* 地震帶 / 地震带 (dìzhèndài)
* 地震強度 / 地震强度
* 地震波 (dìzhènbō)
* 地震規模 / 地震规模
* 地震震級 / 地震震级 (dìzhèn zhènjí)
* 有感地震
* 構造地震 / 构造地震
* 海底地震
* 深源地震
* 火山地震 (huǒshān dìzhèn)
* 無感地震 / 无感地震
* 集集大地震

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 地(じ)震(しん) (jishin)
* → Korean: 지진(地震) (jijin)
* → Vietnamese: địa chấn (地震)
Others:
* → Zhuang: dicin

### See also

* 餘震／余震 (yúzhèn, “aftershock”)

## Hachijō

Kanji in this term :
| 地 | 震 |
| じ Grade: 2 | しん Grade: S |
| goon ||

### Pronunciation

* (Mitsune) IPA: [d͡ʑiɕiɴ]
* (Okago, Kashitate) IPA: [d͡ʑiɕiɴ]
* (Nakanogo) IPA: [d͡ʑiɕin]
* (Sueyoshi) IPA: [ʑiɕin]

### Noun

地震(じしん) (jishin)
* earthquake

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 地 | 震 |
| じ Grade: 2 | しん Grade: S |
| goon ||
/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC dijH tsyinH). First cited to a text from 734.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じしん [jìshíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑiɕĩɴ]
* (Kyoto) じ​しん [jíꜜshìn] (Kōki)

#### Noun

地(じ)震(しん) • (jishin)
* [from 734] an earthquake

##### Synonyms

* (archaic or dialect) 地震(ない) (nai), 地震(なえ) (nae)

##### Derived terms

* 地震(じしん)学(がく) (jishingaku)
* 地震(じしん)加藤(かとう) (Jishin Katō)
* 地震(じしん)危険(きけん)担保(たんぽ)特約(とくやく) (jishin kiken tanpo tokuyaku)
* 地震(じしん)記象(きしょう) (jishin kishō)
* 地震(じしん)空白(くうはく)域(いき) (jishin kūhakuiki)
* 地震(じしん)口(ぐち) (jishin-guchi)
* 地震(じしん)計(けい) (jishinkei)
* 地震(じしん)湖(こ) (jishinko)
* 地震(じしん)時(じ)応力(おうりょく) (jishin-ji ōryoku)
* 地震(じしん)随伴(ずいはん)事象(じしょう) (jishin zuihan jishō)
* 地震(じしん)帯(たい) (jishintai)
* 地震(じしん)探査(たんさ) (jishin tansa)
* 地震(じしん)断層(だんそう) (jishin dansō)
* 地震(じしん)探鉱(たんこう) (jishin tankō)
* 地震(じしん)動(どう) (jishindō)
* 地震(じしん)の巣(す) (jishin no su)
* 地震(じしん)の間(ま) (jishin no ma)
* 地震(じしん)波(は) (jishinha)
* 地震(じしん)売買(ばいばい) (jishin baibai)
* 地震(じしん)保険(ほけん) (jishin hoken)
* 地震(じしん)本部(ほんぶ) (Jishin Honbu)
* 地震(じしん)モーメント (jishin mōmento)
* 地震(じしん)約款(やっかん) (jishin yakkan)
* 地震(じしん)酔(よ)い (jishin yoi)
* 地震(じしん)予知(よち) (jishin yochi)
* アウターライズ地震(じしん) (Autāraizu jishin)
* 大(おお)地震(じしん) (ōjishin)
* 海底(かいてい)地震(じしん) (kaitei jishin)
* 火山(かざん)性(せい)地震(じしん) (kazan-sei jishin)
* 関東(かんとう)地震(じしん) (Kantō jishin)
* 巨大(きょだい)地震(じしん) (kyodai jishin)
* 群発(ぐんぱつ)地震(じしん) (gunpatsu jishin)
* 鉱山(こうざん)地震(じしん) (kōzan jishin)
* 構造(こうぞう)地震(じしん) (kōzō jishin)
* 紺屋(こうや)の地震(じしん) (kōya no jishin)
* 古(こ)地震(じしん) (kojishin)
* 自然(しぜん)地震(じしん) (shizen jishin)
* 小(しょう)地震(じしん) (shō-jishin)
* 人工(じんこう)地震(じしん) (jinkō jishin)
* 深発(しんぱつ)地震(じしん) (shinpatsu jishin)
* スロー地震(じしん) (surō jishin)
* 先史(せんし)地震(じしん) (senshi jishin)
* 浅発(せんぱつ)地震(じしん) (senpatsu jishin)
* 双発(そうはつ)地震(じしん) (sōhatsu jishin)
* 大(だい)規模(きぼ)地震(じしん) (dai-kibo jishin)
* 大(だい)地震(じしん) (dai-jishin)
* 直下(ちょっか)型(がた)地震(じしん) (chokka-gata jishin)
* 中(ちゅう)地震(じしん) (chū-jishin)
* 津波(つなみ)地震(じしん) (tsunami jishin)
* 低周(ていしゅう)波(は)地震(じしん) (teishūha jishin)
* 東海(とうかい)地震(じしん) (Tōkai jishin)
* 内陸(ないりく)地震(じしん) (nairiku jishin)
* 南海(なんかい)地震(じしん) (Nankai jishin)
* 氷河(ひょうが)地震(じしん) (hyōga jishin), 氷河(ひょうが)性(せい)地震(じしん) (hyōga-sei jishin)
* 双子(ふたご)地震(じしん) (futago jishin)
* プレート境界(きょうかい)地震(じしん) (purēto kyōkai jishin)
* 無感(むかん)地震(じしん) (mukan jishin)
* 有感(ゆうかん)地震(じしん) (yūkan jishin)
* ゆっくり地震(じしん) (yukkuri jishin)
* 誘発(ゆうはつ)地震(じしん) (yūhatsu jishin)
* 歴史(れきし)地震(じしん) (rekishi jishin)
* 連動(れんどう)地震(じしん) (rendō jishin)

##### Proverbs

* 地震(じしん)雷(かみなり)火事(かじ)親父(おやじ) (jishin kaminari kaji oyaji, “earthquake, thunder, fire, father → terms in order of fright”)

##### Related terms

* 震源地(しんげんち) (shingenchi, “epicenter”)
* 前震(ぜんしん) (zenshin, “foreshock”)
* 余震(よしん) (yoshin, “aftershock”)

##### See also

* 速報(そくほう) (sokuhō, “flash news”)
* 津波(つなみ) (tsunami, “tsunami, tidal wave”)
* 避難(ひなん)所(じょ) (hinanjo, “shelter”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 地 | 震 |
| ない ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/
From Old Japanese. First cited to 720 in the Nihon Shoki.
Apparently this term semantically first referred to the ground, and was used most in constructions like ないふる (naifuru, “the ground shakes”). Over time, this shifted via metonymy to refer to the shaking itself.
May be a compound of 土(な) (na, “ground”, possibly an apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居(ゐ) (i, “being”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居(ゐ)る (iru, “to be”, in a location; in modern Japanese, used of animate objects)).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ない [náꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [na̠i]
* (Kyoto) な​い [náꜜì] (Kōki)
* Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
   * (the Heian period) LF?
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌). ※ References:

#### Noun

地震(ない) • (nai)
* [720–???] (archaic, possibly obsolete or dialect) an earthquake
** 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)
    於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰(おみのこのやふのしばかきしたとよみ)那為(なゐ)我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳(がよりこばやれむしばかき) [Man'yōgana]
    臣(おみ)の子(こ)の八符(やふ)の柴垣(しばかき)下動(したとよ)み地(なゐ)が震(よ)り来(こ)ば破(や)れむ柴垣(しばかき) [Modern spelling]
** 1212, Hōjōki
    また、同(おな)じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大(おほ)地震(なゐ)ふること侍(さぶら)き。[...]　恐(おそ)れのなかに恐(おそ)るべかりけるは、只(ただ)地震(なゐ)なりけりとこそ覺(おぼ)え侍(じ)しか。[...]　よのつね、驚(おどろ)くほどの地震(なゐ)、二(に)三(さん)十(じふ)度(ど)ふらぬ日(ひ)はなし。
       Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.
       (please add an English translation of this example)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 地 | 震 |
| なえ ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/
Appears in the Nippo Jisho.
Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above). First cited to the late 1400s.
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [na̠e̞]
* (Gokayama (Toyama)) なえ [nàé]
* (Notsu (Oita)) な​いぇ [náyè]
* (Kagoshima) なえ [nàé]
* (Kamikoshiki) なえ [nàé]

#### Noun

地震(なえ) • (nae)
* [from late 1400s] (archaic, possibly obsolete or dialect) an earthquake
    大(お)きななえが来(く)れば、恐(おそ)ろしいよ。
       Okina nae ga kureba, osoroshii yo.
       If a big earthquake occurs, it will be terrifying.
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 455:
    Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 地 | 震 |
| じ Grade: 2 | ふるい > ぶるい Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kun'yomi |
Compound of 地 (ji, “ground”) +‎ 震い (furui, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical Japanese verb 震ふ (furufu, “to tremble; to roar”), modern 震える (furueru)). The furui changes to burui as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じぶるい [jìbúrúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [d͡ʑibɯ̟ɾɯ̟i]

#### Noun

地(じ)震(ぶるい) • (jiburui)
* (dated, possibly obsolete) a shaking or trembling ground or earth

### References

* 1 2 3 “じ‐しん［ヂ‥］ 【地震】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 “ない［なゐ］ 【地震】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, published 1957, →ISBN
* 1 2 “なえ 【地震】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 3 4 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], volume 3, Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), pages 2257-2259
* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
* 1 2 “じ‐ぶるい［ヂぶるひ］ 【地震】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 地 | 震 |

### Noun

地震 • (jijin) (hangeul 지진)
* hanja form of 지진 (“earthquake”)

#### Related terms

* 震源地 (진원지, jinwonji, “epicenter”)
* 餘震 (여진, yeojin, “aftershock”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 地 | 震 |

### Noun

地震
* chữ Hán form of địa chấn (“earthquake”).