# 逼

| 逼 | U+903C, &#36924; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-903C |
| ← 逻 [U+903B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 逽 → [U+903D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

逼 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜一口田 (YMRW), four-corner 3130$_6$, composition ⿺辶畐)

#### Derived characters

* 𮕂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1260, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38973
* Dae Jaweon: page 1750, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3856, character 8
* Unihan data for U+903C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 逼
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 富 | *pɯɡs |
| 輻 | *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ |
| 副 | *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ |
| 褔 | *pʰɯɡs |
| 蔔 | *bɯːɡ |
| 匐 | *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 逼 | *prɯɡ |
| 偪 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 幅 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 楅 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 湢 | *prɯɡ |
| 堛 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 愊 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 踾 | *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 揊 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 稫 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 畐 | *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 疈 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 腷 | *brɯɡ |
| 鶝 | *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 福 | *pɯɡ |
| 蝠 | *pɯɡ |
| 葍 | *pɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *prɯɡ): semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bī, bì (bi$^1$, bi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧ, ㄅㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bie$^1$ / bi$^2$ / bi$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): би (bi, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bet$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): bit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pit / pet
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): bĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): bék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pek / piak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$piq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bī
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bi
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^1$
*** Yale: bī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bi
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bì
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$
*** Yale: bì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: bie$^1$ / bi$^2$ / bi$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bie / bi / bi
*** Sinological IPA : /piɛ⁵⁵/, /pi²¹/, /pi⁵⁵/
* bie1 - vernacular;
* bi2, bi1 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit逼 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pi³¹/ /pi⁵⁵/ /pie⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /piʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /piəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /piɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /pi²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /piʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pi⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pi²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pi³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /piʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pet̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pi²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: pik
Rime :
| Character | 逼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 彼側切 |
| Baxter | pik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*prək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*prɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 逼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pik › |
| Old Chinese | /*prək/ |
| English | urge, press |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 逼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3378 |
| Phonetic component | 畐 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 逼 |
| Old Chinese | /*prɯɡ/ |

#### Definitions

逼
* to compel; to pressure; to force
    被逼瘋／被逼疯 ― bèi bī fēng ― to be driven mad
       Wǒ mā bī wǒ xué gāngqín. [Pinyin]
       My mom forced me to learn the piano.
* to press for; to extort
    逼供 ― bīgōng ― to force a confession
* to approach; to press on
* (literary) narrow
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 迫 (“crowded; packed”)

#### Synonyms

* (to compel):
* 劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
* 勒
* 勒逼 (lèbī)
* 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
* 強迫 / 强迫
* 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
* 押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
* 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
* 迫
* 迫使 (pòshǐ)
* 逼迫 (bīpò)

#### Compounds

* 估逼
* 侵逼
* 俯逼
* 催逼 (cuībī)
* 僭逼
* 儉逼 / 俭逼
* 內逼 / 内逼
* 凌逼 (língbī)
* 劘逼
* 勒逼 (lèbī)
* 危逼
* 咄咄逼人 (duōduōbīrén)
* 困逼
* 威逼 (wēibī)
* 威逼利誘 / 威逼利诱 (wēibīlìyòu)
* 官逼民反 (guānbīmínfǎn)
* 寇逼
* 寒氣逼人 / 寒气逼人
* 富貴逼人 / 富贵逼人
* 峻逼
* 峭逼
* 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
* 忙逼
* 恐逼
* 悶逼 / 闷逼
* 憶逼 / 忆逼
* 打得逼直
* 抑逼
* 拘逼
* 拶逼
* 掗賒逼討 / 挜赊逼讨
* 摧逼
* 擁逼 / 拥逼
* 擾逼 / 扰逼
* 敦逼
* 東敲西逼 / 东敲西逼
* 森逼
* 殘逼 / 残逼
* 洊逼
* 淩逼 / 凌逼 (língbī)
* 煎逼
* 狎逼
* 猜逼
* 環逼 / 环逼
* 畏逼
* 相逼 (xiāngbī)
* 窄逼
* 窘逼
* 窮逼 / 穷逼 (qióngbī)
* 窺逼 / 窥逼
* 立逼
* 精彩逼人
* 肏逼 (càobī)
* 脅逼 / 胁逼
* 臨逼 / 临逼
* 英氣逼人 / 英气逼人
* 苦苦相逼
* 著著進逼 / 著著进逼
* 褊逼
* 詐逼 / 诈逼
* 誘逼 / 诱逼
* 豆逼
* 趲逼 / 趱逼
* 迫逼
* 迸逼
* 追逼
* 進逼 / 进逼 (jìnbī)
* 逼上
* 逼下
* 逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
* 逼不得已
* 逼主
* 逼人 (bīrén)
* 逼人太甚
* 逼仄 (bīzè)
* 逼令
* 逼佔 / 逼占
* 逼似
* 逼供 (bīgòng)
* 逼使
* 逼併 / 逼并
* 逼供信 (bīgōngxìn)
* 逼促
* 逼側 / 逼侧
* 逼債 / 逼债 (bīzhài)
* 逼僦
* 逼冷
* 逼凌
* 逼切
* 逼制
* 逼削
* 逼勒 (bīlè)
* 逼勸 / 逼劝
* 逼匝
* 逼危
* 逼厄
* 逼取
* 逼古
* 逼同
* 逼命 (bīmìng)
* 逼和 (bīhé)
* 逼問 / 逼问 (bīwèn)
* 逼喻
* 逼嚇 / 逼吓
* 逼塗 / 逼涂
* 逼塞
* 逼壓 / 逼压
* 逼壤
* 逼夜
* 逼天
* 逼夾 / 逼夹
* 逼奪 / 逼夺
* 逼威
* 逼姦 / 逼奸
* 逼婚 (bīhūn)
* 逼嫁
* 逼宫 (bīgōng)
* 逼害
* 逼宮 / 逼宫 (bīgōng)
* 逼射
* 逼尖
* 逼屬 / 逼属
* 逼帳 / 逼帐
* 逼年
* 逼幸
* 逼廢 / 逼废
* 逼強 / 逼强
* 逼從 / 逼从
* 逼急
* 逼悶 / 逼闷
* 逼惱 / 逼恼
* 逼憚 / 逼惮
* 逼懼 / 逼惧
* 逼截
* 逼戰 / 逼战
* 逼手逼腳 / 逼手逼脚
* 逼打
* 逼扣
* 逼抑
* 逼拶
* 逼拷
* 逼捐
* 逼掠
* 逼接
* 逼掯
* 逼損 / 逼损
* 逼撥 / 逼拨
* 逼撲 / 逼扑
* 逼據 / 逼据
* 逼擾 / 逼扰
* 逼攝 / 逼摄
* 逼攻
* 逼斥
* 逼新
* 逼晚
* 逼暮
* 逼曙
* 逼束
* 逼歲 / 逼岁
* 逼死 (bīsǐ)
* 逼殺 / 逼杀 (bīshā)
* 逼民為盜 / 逼民为盗
* 逼氣 / 逼气
* 逼水
* 逼污
* 逼汗草
* 逼法
* 逼清
* 逼淫 (bīyín)
* 逼湊 / 逼凑
* 逼漢 / 逼汉
* 逼火
* 逼照
* 逼熟
* 逼爍 / 逼烁
* 逼爾 / 逼尔
* 逼狹 / 逼狭 (bīxiá)
* 逼畏
* 逼略
* 逼疾
* 逼疽疽
* 逼目
* 逼直
* 逼真 (bīzhēn)
* 逼眼
* 逼碼 / 逼码
* 逼視 / 逼视 (bīshì)
* 逼禪 / 逼禅
* 逼租
* 逼突
* 逼窄 (bīzhǎi)
* 逼立
* 逼笮
* 逼簇
* 逼紅 / 逼红
* 逼索
* 逼納 / 逼纳
* 逼綽 / 逼绰
* 逼緊 / 逼紧
* 逼綽刀子 / 逼绰刀子
* 逼綽子 / 逼绰子
* 逼耳
* 逼聚
* 逼聳 / 逼耸
* 逼肖 (bīxiào)
* 逼脅 / 逼胁
* 逼臨 / 逼临
* 逼良為娼 / 逼良为娼 (bīliángwéichāng)
* 逼處 / 逼处
* 逼裂
* 逼討 / 逼讨
* 逼詰 / 逼诘
* 逼誘 / 逼诱
* 逼認 / 逼认
* 逼豎 / 逼竖
* 逼責 / 逼责
* 逼越
* 逼趁
* 逼趕 / 逼赶
* 逼蹙
* 逼蹴
* 逼身
* 逼輸 / 逼输
* 逼辱
* 逼近 (bījìn)
* 逼迫 (bīpò)
* 逼迸
* 逼逐
* 逼進 / 逼进
* 逼逼
* 逼遏
* 逼遒
* 逼逼剝剝 / 逼逼剥剥
* 逼遣
* 逼邇 / 逼迩
* 逼邏 / 逼逻
* 逼邪
* 逼鄰 / 逼邻
* 逼酒
* 逼醮
* 逼阽
* 逼附
* 逼降
* 逼限
* 逼除
* 逼陡
* 逼隘
* 逼雲 / 逼云
* 逼霄
* 逼霓
* 逼面
* 逼駁 / 逼驳
* 逼骨
* 逼齒 / 逼齿
* 逼齰 / 逼𫜬
* 遷逼 / 迁逼
* 邏逼 / 逻逼
* 鋒芒逼人 / 锋芒逼人
* 陵逼
* 隈逼
* 險逼 / 险逼
* 駢逼 / 骈逼
* 驅逼 / 驱逼
* 驚逼 / 惊逼

### Etymology 2

Probably from 別／别 (piat).

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pek / piat / piak
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
*** Tâi-lô: pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peg
*** IPA (Lukang): /piɪk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Tainan, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piat
*** Tâi-lô: piat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piad
*** IPA (Tainan, Kinmen): /piɛt̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
*** Tâi-lô: piak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piag
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piak̚³²/

#### Definitions

逼
* (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.)

#### Compounds

* 逼籤詩 / 逼签诗

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bī (bi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bī
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bi
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^1$
*** Yale: bī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bi
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

逼
* (Mandarin, slang) Euphemistic form of 屄 (bī).

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): piak / pek
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
*** Tâi-lô: piak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piag
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piak̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
*** Tâi-lô: pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peg
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/

#### Definitions

逼
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煏

### References

* “逼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to approach
    Synonym: 迫
* to compel; to force

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひき (hiki)
* Kan-on: ひょく (hyoku)
* Kan’yō-on: ひつ (hitsu)
* Kun: せまる (semaru, 逼る)

#### Compounds

* 逼(ひっ)近(きん) (hikkin)
* 逼(ひっ)塞(そく) (hissoku)
* 逼(ひつ)奪(だつ) (hitsudatsu)
* 逼(ひっ)迫(ぱく) (hippaku)
* 逼(ひょく)奪(だつ) (hyokudatsu)
* 逼(ひょく)迫(はく) (hyokuhaku)
* 脅(きょう)逼(ひょく) (kyōhyoku)

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 핍 (phip)$^訓$ (Yale: phip) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 핍 (phip)$^訓$ (Yale: phip) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
The original reading is 벽 (byeok) based on Middle Chinese 逼 (MC pik).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 벽〮 (Yale: pyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 벽 (pyek)$^訓$ (Yale: pyek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰip̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [핍]

### Hanja

Wikisource 逼 (eumhun 핍박할 핍 (pipbakhal pip))
* hanja form of 핍 (“to force; to compel”)

#### Compounds

* 핍근 (逼近, pipgeun)
* 핍박 (逼迫, pipbak)
* 핍탈 (逼奪, piptal)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

逼: Hán Nôm readings: bức, bực
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.