# 亙

| 亙 | U+4E99, &#20121; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E99 |
| ← 亘 [U+4E98] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 亚 → [U+4E9A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

亙 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月一 (MBM), four-corner 1010$_6$, composition ⿻𠄠⿴𠂊⺀)

#### Derived characters

* 𫰟, 恆, 𢫮, 𬇛, 𤙆, 𦚹, 𧙸, 絚, 𰬌, 𨀿, 䱍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 265
* Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 19, character 5
* Unihan data for U+4E99

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 亙
* Small seal scripts04388Transcribed ancient scriptsL07237L24478L24479L24480
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 搄 | *kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs |
| 縆 | *kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs |
| 絙 | *ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ |
| 亙 | *kɯːŋs |
| 堩 | *kɯːŋs |
| 恆 | *ɡɯːŋ |
| 峘 | *ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 二 + 月 (“moon”).
Possibly also the original form of 恆.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gèn, gèng (gen$^4$, geng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄣˋ, ㄍㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kèng / khèng / khiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): geng$^3$ / gêng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gèn
*** Wade–Giles: kên$^4$
*** Yale: gèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genn
*** Palladius: гэнь (gɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kən⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gèng
*** Wade–Giles: kêng$^4$
*** Yale: gèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
*** Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gang$^2$
*** Yale: gáng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gang$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
*** Tâi-lô: kìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khèng
*** Tâi-lô: khìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qexng
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàn
*** Tâi-lô: khiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiexn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: geng$^3$ / gêng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̀ng / kèng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯŋ²¹³/, /keŋ²¹³/
* geng3 - Chaozhou;
* gêng3 - Chaozhou, Jieyang.
* Middle Chinese: kongH
Rime :
| Character | 亙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古鄧切 |
| Baxter | kongH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kəŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gang$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤəŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kong$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁəŋ-s/ |
| English | continuous; constant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5122 |
| Phonetic component | 亙 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯːŋs/ |
| Notes | 原作亙雲出方言， 方言作緪。通行作此字，見漢賦，近甲文與說文㮓古文， 中本象上弦月 |

### Definitions

亙
* (of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) continuous; complete
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) completely; thoroughly
* a surname

### Compounds

* 亙久 / 亘久
* 亙代 / 亘代
* 亙古 / 亘古 (gèngǔ)
* 亙古亙今 / 亘古亘今
* 亙古未有 / 亘古未有 (gèngǔwèiyǒu)
* 亙地 / 亘地 (gèndì)
* 亙天 / 亘天
* 亙屏 / 亘屏
* 亙帶 / 亘带
* 亙年 / 亘年
* 亙歷 / 亘历
* 亙絕 / 亘绝
* 亙舒 / 亘舒
* 亙連 / 亘连
* 亙隔 / 亘隔
* 修亙 / 修亘
* 包亙 / 包亘
* 周亙 / 周亘
* 層亙 / 层亘
* 崇亙 / 崇亘
* 延亙 / 延亘
* 彌亙 / 弥亘
* 彌天亙地 / 弥天亘地 (mítiāngèndì)
* 彌山亙野 / 弥山亘野
* 懸亙 / 悬亘
* 橫亙 / 横亘 (hénggèn)
* 沈亙
* 盤亙 / 盘亘
* 經亙 / 经亘
* 綿亙 / 绵亘 (miángèn)
* 聯亙 / 联亘
* 蟠亙 / 蟠亘
* 追亙 / 追亘
* 連亙 / 连亘 (liángèn)
* 遐亙 / 遐亘
* 邪亙 / 邪亘
* 雲亙 / 云亘

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* request

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: わたる (wataru, 亙る)、わたり (watari, 亙り)

## Korean
### Hanja

亙 (eum 긍 (geung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

亙: Hán Nôm readings: cẳng, cắng, cứng, gắng, hẵng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation