# علم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.li.ma/

#### Verb

عَلِمَ • (ʕalima) I (non-past يَعْلَمُ (yaʕlamu), verbal noun عِلْم (ʕilm))
* (transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 96:14:أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللهَ يَرَىʔalam yaʕlam biʔanna llāha yarāDoes he not know that Allah sees ˹all˺?
* to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
* to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕal.la.ma/

#### Verb

عَلَّمَ • (ʕallama) II (non-past يُعَلِّمُ (yuʕallimu), verbal noun تَعْلِيم (taʕlīm))
* (ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
    المعلم يعلم الطلاب الرياضيات.Al-muʕallim yuʕallimu at-ṭullāb ar-riyāḍiyyāt.The teacher teaches the students mathematics.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:49:إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَʔinnahu lakabīrukumu llaḏī ʕallamakumu as-siḥra falasawfa taʕlamūnaHe is indeed your chief who has taught you magic! Soon you will know!
* (transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕilm/
* ʿilm:(file)

#### Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm))
* verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
* knowledge, learning, lore
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:معرفة
* cognition, acquaintance
* information
* perception, knowledge
* (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm)) science
    الْعُلُوم ― al-ʕulūm ― the natural sciences

##### Hyponyms

* (knowledge): عِلْمُ الْحَاسُوبْ (ʕilmu l-ḥāsūb)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għelm
* → Avar: гӏелму (ʻelmu)
* → Azerbaijani: elm
* → Bashkir: ғилем (ğilem)
* → Bengali: এলেম (elem)
* → Chechen: ӏилм (ˀilm), ӏилма (ˀilma)
* → Crimean Tatar: илим, ilim
* → Hindi: इल्म (ilm)
* → Indonesian: ilmu
* → Javanese: èlmu
* → Karachay-Balkar: илму (ilmu)
* → Kazakh: ғылым (ğylym)
* → Kumyk: илму (ilmu)
* → Kyrgyz: илим (ilim)
* → Lezgi: илим (ilim)
* → Malay: ilmu
* → Nogai: илми (ilmi)
* → Ottoman Turkish: علم (ʿilm, ʿilim)
** > Turkish: ilim (inherited)
* → Punjabi: ਇਲਮ (ilam), عِلْم (ʻilm)
* → Persian: عِلْم ('elm)
** → Gujarati: અલમ (alam)
* → Turkmen: ylym
* → Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem), ğilem
* → Urdu: عِلْم ('ilm)
* → Uyghur: ئىلىم (ilim)
* → Uzbek: ilm

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.lam/

#### Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))
* sign, token, mark, badge
* harelip
* road sign, guidepost
* flag, banner
* authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
* a mountain
    أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَمʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalamvery famous(literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِwamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (grammar, linguistics) proper noun

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għelm
* → Hindi: अलम (alam)
* → Ottoman Turkish: عَلَم (ʿalam, ʿalem)
** > Turkish: alem (inherited)
* → Urdu: عَلَم ('alam)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaː.lam/

#### Noun

عٰلَم • (ʕālam) m
* Classical Arabic form of عَالَم (ʕālam)

### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕələm/

#### Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (before il- عَلَم (ʕalam), plural اَعْلام (aʕlām))
* flag, banner, standard

### Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕɪlm/

#### Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلوم (ʕulūm))
* science, knowledge

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔilm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪlm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪlm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪlm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔilm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔelm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔilm]

#### Noun

عِلْم • ('elm) (plural علوم ('olum))
* science (knowledge via the scientific method)
* knowledge, science
    Synonym: دانش (dâneš)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3461:بینی اندر دل علوم انبیا / بی‌کتاب و بی‌معید و اوستاbini andar del 'olum-e anbiyâ / bi-ketâb o bi-mo'id o ustâAnd behold within thy heart [all] the sciences of the prophets, without book and without preceptor and master.

##### Derived terms

* شبه‌علم (šabe'elmi, “pseudoscience”)
* علمی ('elmi, “scientific”)

##### Related terms

* عالم ('âlem, “knowledgeable”)
* معلم (mo'allem, “teacher”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.ˈlam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.lǽm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.lǽm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.lǽm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.lǽm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæ.lǽm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.lǽm]

#### Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) (plural علم‌ها ('alam-hâ))
* flag
* standard (flag)
* banner

##### Synonyms

* پرچم (parčam)
* درفش (derafš)
* نشان (nešân)

##### Descendants

* → Gujarati: અલમ (alam)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕal.lam/, [ˈʕal.lam]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

علّم • (ʕallam) II (present بعلّم (biʕallem))
* to teach

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕilm/, [ˈʕɪ.l(ɪ)m]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

علم • (ʕilm) m (plural علوم (ʕulūm))
* knowledge, science
    Synonym: معرفة (maʕrife)
    على علمي ― ʕala ʕilmi ― as far as I know

### Etymology 3

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.lam/, [ˈʕa.lam]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

علم • (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام (ʾaʕlām))
* flag

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪlm/

#### Noun

عِلْم • ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)
* knowledge, learning
    Synonym: دانش (dāniś)
* science
    Synonym: سائنس (sāins)
* literature
    Synonym: ادب (adab)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ə.ləm/

#### Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) m (Hindi spelling अलम)
* mark, sign, decoration
* spear
* (geometry) gnomon
* (grammar) proper noun