# 蜉蝣
## Chinese

* 蜉蝣

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “looks like there's some sort of reduplication”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fúyóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fau$^4$ jau$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hû-iû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pu$^5$ iu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fúyóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fúyóu
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$-yu$^2$
*** Yale: fú-yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyou
*** Palladius: фую (fuju)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$浮游 蜉蝣
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fau$^4$ jau$^4$
*** Yale: fàuh yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fau$^4$ jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: feo$^4$ yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐu̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû-iû
*** Tâi-lô: hû-iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hu'iuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hu²⁴⁻²² iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²⁴⁻²² iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu¹³⁻²² iu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²³⁻³³ iu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pu$^5$ iu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû iû
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjuw yuw
Rime :
| Character | 蜉 | 蝣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 縛謀切 | 以周切 |
| Baxter | bjuw | yuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨu/ | /jɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biu/ | /jiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biəu/ | /iəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buw/ | /juw/ |
| Li Rong | /biu/ | /iu/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭəu/ | /jĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ə̯u/ | /i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fóu | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^4$ | jau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bu lu/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蜉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b](r)u/ |
| English | mayfly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蜉 | 蝣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3347 | 15547 |
| Phonetic component | 孚 | 斿 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 浮 | 猷 |
| Old Chinese | /*bu/ | /*lu/ |

### Noun

蜉蝣
* mayfly
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Fúyóu zhī yǔ, yīshang chǔchǔ. [Pinyin]
    The wings of the ephemera, are robes, bright and splendid.
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Yǐn ér bùshí zhě, chán yě; bùyǐn bùshí zhě, fúyóu yě. [Pinyin]
    That which drinks but does not eat is the cicada. That which neither drinks nor eats is the mayfly.

#### Synonyms

* (Hakka) 白翼仔

#### Derived terms

* 蜉蝣在世 (fúyóu zàishì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 蜉(ふ)蝣(ゆう) (fuyū)
* → Vietnamese: phù du (蜉蝣)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 蜉 | 蝣 |
| かげろう ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 蜻蛉 (obsolete)
Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagerō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze. The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 蜉蝣 (fúyóu).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéꜜròò] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéróó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞ː]

#### Noun

蜉蝣(かげろう) or 蜉蝣(カゲロウ) • (kagerō)
* a mayfly
    Synonym: 朝顔 (asagao)
* (obsolete) Synonym of 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”)

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カゲロウ.

##### Idioms

* 蜉蝣(かげろう)の命(いのち) (kagerō no inochi): “a mayfly's life” → a metaphor for a short life

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 蜉 | 蝣 |
| かぎろう ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 蜻蛉
Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagirō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze.
Obsolete reading.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɡʲiɾo̞ː]

#### Noun

蜉蝣(かぎろう) • (kagirō)
* (obsolete) Synonym of 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 蜉 | 蝣 |
| ふ Hyōgai | ゆう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 蜉蝣 (MC bjuw yuw). Compare Mandarin 蜉蝣 (fúyóu), Vietnamese phù du.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふゆう [fùyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ふゆう [fúꜜyùù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

蜉(ふ)蝣(ゆう) • (fuyū)
* a mayfly
* (by extension) ephemerality (from the way that mayflies are born and die within a day)

##### Idioms

* 蜉(ふ)蝣(ゆう)の一(いち)期(ご) (fuyū no ichigo): “a mayfly's life” → a metaphor for a short life

### References

* 1 2 “蜉蝣・蜻蛉”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 蜉 | 蝣 |

### Noun

蜉蝣
* chữ Hán form of phù du (“mayfly”).

### Adjective

蜉蝣
* chữ Hán form of phù du (“ephemeral”).