# senior
## English
### Alternative forms

* seniour (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English senior, from Latin senior (“older”), comparative form of senex (“old”); see senate. Doublet of seigneur, seignior, senhor, señor, senyor, signore, sir, and sire.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈsinjɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsiːnjə(r)/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: se‧nior

### Adjective

senior (comparative more senior, superlative most senior)
* Older.
    senior citizen
* Higher in rank, dignity, or office; superior.
    senior member; senior counsel
* (US) Of or pertaining to a student's final academic year at a high school (twelfth grade) or university.

#### Synonyms

* (older): geriatric, long in the tooth, on in years; see also Thesaurus:elderly

#### Antonyms

* junior

#### Related terms

* senile
* senate
* sir

#### Translations
### Noun

senior (plural seniors)
* (now chiefly US) An old person.
    Synonyms: senior citizen; see also Thesaurus:old person
** 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, “‘Question!’”, in The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 77:Grave and reverend seniors seemed to have caught the prevailing spirit as badly as the students, and I saw white-bearded men rising and shaking their fists at the obdurate Professor.
* Someone older than someone else (with possessive). [from 15th c.]
    He was four years her senior.
* Someone seen as deserving respect or reverence because of their age. [from 14th c.]
* (obsolete, biblical) An elder or presbyter in the early Church. [14th–16th c.]
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts :[8], folio clviij, recto:Then Peter full of the holy gooſt ſayd vnto them. Ye ruelars of the people / and ſeniours of iſrahel […].
* Somebody who is higher in rank, dignity, or office.
* (US, Philippines) A final-year student at a high school or university; a finalist. [from 17th c.]

#### Antonyms

* junior

#### Derived terms

* senior bond
* senior captain
* senior chief petty officer
* senior college
* senior colonel
* senior high
* senior higher
* senior high school
* senior hurling
* senior infant
* seniority
* senior lecturer
* seniorlike
* seniorly
* senior moment
* senior note
* senior patrol leader
* senior researcher
* senior school
* senior status
* senior synonym
* senior theater

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “senior”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “senior”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Ireson, Nerios, Serino, irones, nories, nosier, rosein, seroin

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin senior. Doublet of sinjeur and sinjoor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseː.ni.ɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: se‧ni‧or

### Noun

senior m (plural senioren or seniors, diminutive senioortje n)
* elderly person, senior citizen
    Voor senioren kan een e-bike zowel handig als gevaarlijk zijn. ― An e-bike can be both useful and dangerous to senior citizens.
* senior (higher-ranked person, for example in job titles)
    Bij sommige bedrijven word je al na een jaar of vijf als senior gezien. ― At some companies you are regarded as a senior [employee] after as few as five years.

#### Usage notes

* The plural in -en is generally used for the sense "senior citizen", whereas the plural in -s is used for the sense "higher-ranked person".

#### Coordinate terms

* junior
* medior

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: senior

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin senior. Doublet of sire, seigneur, and sieur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /se.njɔʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

senior m (plural seniors)
* (sports) senior (older player)
* elderly person

### Further reading

* “senior”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch senior, from Latin senior (“older”), comparative form of senex (“old”). Doublet of señor, senyur, and sinyo.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /seˈniɔr/ [seˈni.ɔr]
* Syllabification: se‧nior

### Adjective

senior
* senior (older)
* senior, superior (higher in rank, dignity, or office)
    Synonym: kanan (Malaysian Malay)

### Noun

senior (plural senior-senior or para senior)
* senior

#### Derived terms

* kesenioran (“seniorness, seniority”)
* senior inspektur polisi
* senior superintenden

#### Related terms

* senioritas

### Further reading

* “senior” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin senior.

### Adjective

senior (comparative plus senior, superlative le plus senior)
* older

### Noun

senior (plural seniors)
* lord

## Latin
### Etymology

Comparative of senex.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈse.ni.or/, [ˈs̠ɛniɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈse.ni.or/, [ˈsɛːnior]

### Adjective

senior (comparative, neuter senius); third declension
* comparative degree of senex
** older, elder; rather old
    Antonym: iūnior

#### Declension

Third-declension comparative adjective.

### Noun

senior m (genitive seniōris); third declension
* (Medieval Latin) a lord, sir
    Coordinate term: seniorissa
* (Medieval Latin) an abbot
* (Medieval Latin) a husband
* old person, old man, older person, older man

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* senātus
* senex

#### Descendants

* Aragonese: sinyor
* Dalmatian: sinaur, sinar
* Friulian: signôr, siôr
* Italian: signore
* Old French: seignor
** Middle French: seigneur
*** French: seigneur
*** → English: seigneur
* Old French: sire
** → French: sieur, sire, monsieur
** → English: sire, sir
** → Italian: sere, sire
* Old French: sendra
* Old Galician-Portuguese: senhor
** Galician: señor, señora
** Portuguese: senhor, senhora (see there for further descendants)
* Old Lombard: segnior
* Old Occitan: senhor, segnor
** Occitan: sénher, senhor, signour
* Old Spanish: sennor
** Ladino: sinyor
** Spanish: señor
* Romagnol: signôr, sgnôr, Signôr
* Romansch: signur
* Sardinian: sannori, segnore, segnori, sennore
* Sicilian: signuri
* Venetan: sior
* Borrowings:
** → English: senior
** → French: senior
** → Polish: senior
** → Portuguese: sénior, sênior (Brazil)
** → Romanian: senior
** → Spanish: senior

### References

* “senior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “senior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "senior", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* senior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* senior in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

### Anagrams

* īnserō
* oriēns

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin senior.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛ.ɲɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɲɔr
* Syllabification: se‧nior

### Noun

senior m pers (female equivalent seniorka)
* doyen, senior (oldest member of the family by age)
    Synonym: nestor
    Antonym: junior
* doyen, elder, senior (eldest or most experienced member of a group)
    Synonyms: nestor, patriarcha
* senior (athlete of adult age according to the regulations of a given sport discipline)
    Antonym: junior
    Hypernym: sportowiec

### Noun

senior m pers
* Sr. (title used after a father's name when his son is given the same name)
    Antonym: junior
* (feudalism, historical) feudal lord exercising power and guardianship over his subordinate vassal
    Antonym: wasal
    Hypernyms: feudał, zwierzchnik
* (historical) during the period of the division of Poland into districts, the oldest of the Piasts who exercised supreme power and to whom the other princes ruling the various districts were subordinate
    Hypernym: zwierzchnik
* (Protestantism) senior (senior Protestant clergyman)
    Hypernym: duchowny

#### Derived terms

* senioracki
* senioralny
* seniorstwo

#### Related terms

* senioralne
* seniorat
* senioria

### Further reading

* senior in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* senior in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* senior in PWN's encyclopedia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French senior, itself borrowed from Latin senior.

### Adjective

senior m or n (feminine singular senioră, masculine plural seniori, feminine and neuter plural seniore)
* senior

#### Declension
## Spanish

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### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin senior. Doublet of señor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seˈnjoɾ/ [seˈnjoɾ]
* Rhymes: -oɾ
* Syllabification: se‧nior

### Noun

senior m (plural seniors)
* (dated or obsolete) Courtesy vocative used before someone's name, surname or title
    Synonym: señor