# 重要
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhòngyào
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄠˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zong$^4$ yao$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^6$ jiu$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung$^5$ yau$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhung-yeu
    (Hailu, HRS): chung$^˖$ rhau$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^4$ yau$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dê̤ṳng-iéu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiōng-iàu / tiǒng-iàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^6$ iou$^3$ / dong$^6$ iao$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zon-iau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòngyào
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòngyào
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^4$-yao$^4$
*** Yale: jùng-yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonqyaw
*** Palladius: чжунъяо (čžunʺjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zong$^4$ yao$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zungjao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ²¹³ iau²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$ jiu$^3$
*** Yale: juhng yiu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$ jiu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$ yiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²² jiːu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuung$^5$ yau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵŋ³² jau³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhung-yeu
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung ieu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^4$ yeu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ i̯eu̯⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhung-yeu
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung (r)ieu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^4$ yeu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ (j)i̯eu̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chung$^˖$ rhau$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰuŋ³³ ʒau¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^4$ yau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iau⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dê̤ṳng-iéu
*** Sinological IPA : /tyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋiɛu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng-iàu
*** Tâi-lô: tiōng-iàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioxng'iaux
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ iau²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ iau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ iau¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǒng-iàu
*** Tâi-lô: tiǒng-iàu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²² iau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dong$^6$ iou$^3$ / dong$^6$ iao$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏng iòu / tŏng iàu
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ iou²¹³/, /toŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ iau²¹³/
* dong6 iou3 - Chaozhou;
* dong6 iau3 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

#### Adjective

重要
* important; significant; major
    重要發現／重要发现 ― zhòngyào fāxiàn ― important discovery
    重要意義／重要意义 ― zhòngyào yìyì ― significance
    作重要講話／作重要讲话 ― zuò zhòngyào jiǎnghuà ― to make an important speech
    保命更重要。 ― Bǎomìng gèng zhòngyào. ― Saving (your) life is more important.
       Wǒ háiyǒu yī jiàn hěn zhòngyào de shìqíng yào gàosu nǐ. [Pinyin]
       I still have one very important thing to tell you.
       Zhòngyào de huà yào shuō sān biàn. [Pinyin]
       Important things should be said three times.

##### Synonyms

* 主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
* 吃勁 / 吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
* 吃緊 / 吃紧 (chījǐn)
* 基本 (jīběn)
* 根本 (gēnběn)
* 當家 / 当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
* 要緊 / 要紧 (yàojǐn)
* 重大
* 關鍵 / 关键 (guānjiàn)

##### Derived terms

* 至關重要 / 至关重要 (zhìguānzhòngyào)
* 重要分子
* 重要性 (zhòngyàoxìng)

##### Descendants

* Korean: 중요 (jung'yo)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^6$ jiu$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$ jiu$^3$
*** Yale: juhng yiu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$ jiu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$ yiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²² jiːu̯³³/

#### Conjunction

重要
* (Cantonese) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 重,‎ 要; and also
       keoi$^5$ seng$^4$ jat$^6$ ci$^4$ faan$^1$ dou$^1$ bat$^1$ dak$^6$ zi$^2$, cung$^4$ jiu$^3$ zou$^6$ me$^1$ dou$^1$ zou$^6$ co$^3$ saai$^3$ [Jyutping]
       Not only he is always late, he also does everything incorrectly.

##### Usage notes

Usually written as 仲要.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 重 | 要 |
| じゅう Grade: 3 | よう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

/djuːeu/ → /d͡ʑuːeu/ → /d͡ʑuːjoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 重要 (drjowng$^X$ ʔjiew$^H$, literally “heavy + important”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうよー [jùúyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːjo̞ː]

### Adjective

重(じゅう)要(よう) • (jūyō) -na (adnominal 重(じゅう)要(よう)な (jūyō na), adverbial 重(じゅう)要(よう)に (jūyō ni))
* important, significant
    あのテストは重(じゅう)要(よう)だ。
       Ano tesuto wa jūyō da.
       That test is important.

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 重要だろ | じゅうようだろ | jūyō daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 重要で | じゅうようで | jūyō de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 重要だ | じゅうようだ | jūyō da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 重要な | じゅうような | jūyō na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 重要なら | じゅうようなら | jūyō nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 重要であれ | じゅうようであれ | jūyō de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 重要ではない 重要じゃない | じゅうようではない じゅうようじゃない | jūyō de wa nai jūyō ja nai |
| Informal past | 重要だった | じゅうようだった | jūyō datta |
| Informal negative past | 重要ではなかった 重要じゃなかった | じゅうようではなかった じゅうようじゃなかった | jūyō de wa nakatta jūyō ja nakatta |
| Formal | 重要です | じゅうようです | jūyō desu |
| Formal negative | 重要ではありません 重要じゃありません | じゅうようではありません じゅうようじゃありません | jūyō de wa arimasen jūyō ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 重要でした | じゅうようでした | jūyō deshita |
| Formal negative past | 重要ではありませんでした 重要じゃありませんでした | じゅうようではありませんでした じゅうようじゃありませんでした | jūyō de wa arimasen deshita jūyō ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 重要で | じゅうようで | jūyō de |
| Conditional | 重要なら（ば） | じゅうようなら（ば） | jūyō nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 重要だったら | じゅうようだったら | jūyō dattara |
| Volitional | 重要だろう | じゅうようだろう | jūyō darō |
| Adverbial | 重要に | じゅうように | jūyō ni |
| Degree | 重要さ | じゅうようさ | jūyōsa |

#### Synonyms

* 大(たい)切(せつ) (taisetsu): important
* 肝(かん)腎(じん) (kanjin): “liver and kidneys” → essential, crucial
* 肝(かん)要(よう) (kan'yō): “liver important” → as important as one's liver → extremely important

#### Antonyms

* 些(さ)細(さい) (sasai): trifling, minor, trivial
* 軽(けい)微(び) (keibi): slight, minor, light

### Noun

重(じゅう)要(よう) • (jūyō)
* importance, consequence, significance

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 重 | 要 |

### Noun

重要 • (jung'yo) (hangeul 중요)
* hanja form of 중요 (“importance”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 重 | 要 |

### Adjective

重要
* chữ Hán form of trọng yếu (“important”).