OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 蟪蛄
## Chinese

* 蟪蛄

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huìgū
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^6$ gu$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huìgū
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèigu
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$-ku$^1$
*** Yale: hwèi-gū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueygu
*** Palladius: хуэйгу (xuejgu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ku⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^6$ gu$^1$
*** Yale: waih gū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^6$ gu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^6$ gu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²² kuː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hwejH ku
Rime :
| Character | 蟪 | 蛄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (40) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 胡桂切 | 古胡切 |
| Baxter | hwejH | ku |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwei$^H$/ | /kuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷei$^H$/ | /kuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɛi$^H$/ | /ko/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwɛj$^H$/ | /kɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuei$^H$/ | /ko/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiwei$^H$/ | /ku/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣiwei$^H$/ | /kuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì | gū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^6$ | gu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷiːds kaː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蟪 | 蛄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5484 | 4215 |
| Phonetic component | 惠 | 古 |
| Rime group | 至 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慧 | 孤 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷiːds/ | /*kaː/ |
| Notes | 見莊子 | |

### Noun

蟪蛄
* Platypleura kaempferi
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhāojūn bù zhī huìshuò, huìgū bù zhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]
    The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn. These are instances of a short term of life.
# lab tech
## English
### Etymology

Clipped compound.

### Pronunciation

(General American) IPA: /ˈlæbˌtɛk/

### Noun

lab tech (plural lab techs)
* Clipping of laboratory technician.
    Hypernyms: tech, technologist, technician
    Coordinate terms: lab assistant, laboratory assistant; laboratorian; surg tech
    She completed a 3-year program of study and got certified as a lab tech.
    Researchers might get more glory, but lab techs keep the lab running.
# bocom
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

bocom (Cyrillic spelling боцом)
* instrumental singular of boca
# Clytomyias
## Translingual
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Clytomyias m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Maluridae – orange-crowned fairywren.

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Clytomyias insignis – sole species

### References

* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Orange-crowned fairywren on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Clytomyias on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Clytomyias on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# Sipodotus
## Translingual
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Sipodotus m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Maluridae – Wallace's fairywren.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neognathae – infraclass; Neoaves – superorder; Passeriformes – order; Passeri – suborder; Corvida – parvorder; Meliphagoidea – superfamily; Maluridae – family

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Sipodotus wallacii – sole species

### References

* Wallace's fairywren on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Sipodotus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Sipodotus wallacii on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# salimuot
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* salimoot

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /salimuˈʔot/ [sɐ.lɪ.mʊˈʔot̪̚] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -ot
** IPA: /salimuˈʔot/ [sɐ.lɪ.mʊˈʔot̪̚], /saliˈmuʔot/ [sɐ.lɪˈmuː.ʔot̪̚] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -ot, -uʔot
* Syllabification: sa‧li‧mu‧ot

### Adjective

salimuót (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜒᜋᜓᜂᜆ᜔)
* complicated; intricate; entangled
    Synonyms: magulo, magusot
* knotty; hard to solve
    Synonym: mahirap
* problematic
    Synonym: masuliranin

#### Derived terms

* kasalimuotan
* magpasalimuot
* magsalimuot
* masalimuot
* pasalimuotin
* sali-salimuot
* sali-salimuotin
* salimuotin

### Noun

salimuót or salimuot (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜒᜋᜓᜂᜆ᜔)
* intricacy; complexity; complication
    Synonyms: gulo, kaguluhan, gusot, pagkamagusot, kagusutan
* disorder; confusion
    Synonyms: ligalig, kaligaligan, gulo, kaguluhan

### Further reading

* “salimuot”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “salimuot”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# kmih
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkmɪx]

### Noun

kmih m inan
* swing, sway

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kmih”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kmih”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kmih”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
* “kmih” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
# بقالة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From بَقْل (baql, “vegetables”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.qaː.la/

### Noun

بِقَالَة • (biqāla) f (plural بِقَالَات (biqālāt))
* (uncountable) the profession of selling groceries
* (countable) convenience store, grocery store
** 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل [wajdiyy al-ʔahdal], أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 83:كان في أحد الأكياس تشكيلة من البسكويت القديم الذي اندثر من بقالات صنعاء وغيرها من المدن.In one of the bags there was a pack of ancient biscuits the kind of which disappeared from most grocers of Ṣanʻāʼ and other cities.

#### Declension

بَقَّالَة • (baqqāla) m pl
* plural of بَقَّال (baqqāl)

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic بَقَّالَة (baqqāla)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəqːaːlə/

### Noun

بَقّالة • (baqqāla) f (plural بَقّالات (baqqālāt))
* convenience store, dépanneur, bodega

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بِقَالَة (biqāla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.ɡaː.la/, [bɪˈɡaː.la]

### Noun

بِقَالَة • (bigāla) f (plural بِقَالات (bigālāt) or بَقَايِل (bagāyil))
* convenience store, corner shop, grocery store
# ការដេញថ្លៃ
## Khmer
### Etymology

ការ (kaa) +‎ ដេញថ្លៃ (dəñ thlay)

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic and Phonemic | ការដេញថ្លៃ kārṭeñt̥ʰlai |
| WT romanisation | kaa dəñ thlay |
| (standard) IPA | /kaː ɗəɲ tʰlaj/ |

### Noun

ការដេញថ្លៃ • (kaa dəñ thlay)
* abstract noun of ដេញថ្លៃ (dəñ thlay)
# çakal
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish چقال (çakal), from Persian شغال (šağâl), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śr̥gālás, a suffixed derivative of Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárguš (“predatory animal”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʃɑkɑɫ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ça‧kal

### Noun

çakal (definite accusative çakalı, plural çakallar)
* jackal
* (derogatory) an opportunistic, wily, sneaky and deceptive person
* (derogatory) a detestable person, scoundrel

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
çakal
çakallar
definite accusative
çakalı
çakalları
dative
çakala
çakallara
locative
çakalda
çakallarda
ablative
çakaldan
çakallardan
genitive
çakalın
çakalların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
çakalım
çakallarım
2nd singular
çakalın
çakalların
3rd singular
çakalı
çakalları
1st plural
çakalımız
çakallarımız
2nd plural
çakalınız
çakallarınız
3rd plural
çakalları
çakalları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
çakalımı
çakallarımı
2nd singular
çakalını
çakallarını
3rd singular
çakalını
çakallarını
1st plural
çakalımızı
çakallarımızı
2nd plural
çakalınızı
çakallarınızı
3rd plural
çakallarını
çakallarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
çakalıma
çakallarıma
2nd singular
çakalına
çakallarına
3rd singular
çakalına
çakallarına
1st plural
çakalımıza
çakallarımıza
2nd plural
çakalınıza
çakallarınıza
3rd plural
çakallarına
çakallarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
çakalımda
çakallarımda
2nd singular
çakalında
çakallarında
3rd singular
çakalında
çakallarında
1st plural
çakalımızda
çakallarımızda
2nd plural
çakalınızda
çakallarınızda
3rd plural
çakallarında
çakallarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
çakalımdan
çakallarımdan
2nd singular
çakalından
çakallarından
3rd singular
çakalından
çakallarından
1st plural
çakalımızdan
çakallarımızdan
2nd plural
çakalınızdan
çakallarınızdan
3rd plural
çakallarından
çakallarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
çakalımın
çakallarımın
2nd singular
çakalının
çakallarının
3rd singular
çakalının
çakallarının
1st plural
çakalımızın
çakallarımızın
2nd plural
çakalınızın
çakallarınızın
3rd plural
çakallarının
çakallarının :

#### Descendants

* → Greek: τσακάλι (tsakáli)
* → Portuguese: chacal

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çakal”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# auction
## English
### Etymology

From Latin auctiō (“an increase, auction”), from Latin augere (“to increase”).

### Pronunciation

enPR: ôk'shən
* (UK) IPA: /ˈɔːkʃən/
* (US) IPA: /ˈɔkʃən/
** (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈɑkʃən/
*** Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔːkʃən
enPR: ŏk'shən
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈɔkʃən/
* Rhymes: -ɒkʃən

### Noun

auction (plural auctions)
* A public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder.
** 2014 July 12, “Competition, hammered”, in The Economist, volume 412, number 8895:Auctions come in a wide variety. In a “Dutch auction”, often used to sell flowers and fruit, prices start high and gradually drop until a bidder is willing to pay up. A “Japanese auction” is a bit like poker: bids rise with each round and anyone who wants to win must bid every time. Vendors using auctions rid themselves of the headache of choosing prices and instead just pick the rules bidders must follow.
* (bridge) The first stage of a deal, in which players bid to determine the final contract.

#### Synonyms

* roup sale

#### Derived terms

* auctionable
* auction block
* auction bridge
* auction call
* auctioneer
* auctioneeress
* auctioner
* auction-goer
* auctiongoer
* auction house
* auctionlike
* auction pitch
* auction theory
* candle auction
* cyberauction
* dollar auction
* Dutch auction
* e-auction
* jam auction
* knockout auction
* midauction
* nonauction
* postauction
* preauction
* re-auction
* reauction
* silent auction
* slave auction
* Vickrey auction

#### Related terms

* augment

#### Translations
### Verb

auction (third-person singular simple present auctions, present participle auctioning, simple past and past participle auctioned)
* To sell at an auction.

#### Derived terms

* auctionability
* auctioneer
* auction off
* unauctioned

#### Translations
### See also

* bid
* bidder

### Anagrams

* caution, tauonic
# 黄縁蛺蝶
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 縁 | 蛺 | 蝶 |
| き Grade: 2 | へり > べり Grade: S | たては | たては |
| き Grade: 2 | へり > べり Grade: S | Hyōgai | Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi | kun'yomi | jukujikun | jukujikun |
* Alternative spelling
* 黃緣蛺蝶 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

黄(き)縁(べり)蛺蝶(たては) or 黄縁蛺蝶(キベリタテハ) • (kiberi tateha)
* Alternative spelling of 黄縁立羽 (“mourning cloak, Nymphalis antiopa”)
# Prolemur simus
## Translingual

Wikispecies

### Proper noun

Prolemur simus m
* A taxonomic species within the family Lemuridae – greater bamboo lemur.
# भान्जो
## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʱä̤n̻d͡zo]
* Phonetic Devanagari: भान्जो

### Noun

भान्जो • (bhānjo) m
* Alternative form of भान्जा (bhānjā).

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “भान्जो”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “भान्जो”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
# दुध
## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d̪ud̪]
* Phonetic Devanagari: दुद्

### Noun

दुध • (dudh)
* Alternative form of दूध (dūdh).
# भतिजो
## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʱʌ̤t̪i(d)zo]
* Phonetic Devanagari: भतिजो

### Noun

भतिजो • (bhatijo) m
* Alternative form of भतिजा (bhatijā).

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “भतिजो”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “भतिजा”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
# a la mano
## Spanish
### Adverb

a la mano
* (idiomatic) to hand; within reach

### Further reading

* “a la mano”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# aproximativo
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.pɾo.si.maˈt͡ʃi.vu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.pɾo.si.maˈt͡ʃi.vu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.pɾo.si.maˈt͡ʃi.vo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.pɾu.si.mɐˈti.vu/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.pɾu.si.mɐˈti.vu/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.pɾu.si.mɐˈti.bu/ [ɐ.pɾu.si.mɐˈti.βu]
* Hyphenation: a‧pro‧xi‧ma‧ti‧vo

### Adjective

aproximativo (feminine aproximativa, masculine plural aproximativos, feminine plural aproximativas)
* approximative (of, relating to, or being an approximation)

## Spanish
### Adjective

aproximativo (feminine aproximativa, masculine plural aproximativos, feminine plural aproximativas)
* approximative

### Further reading

* “aproximativo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# conciencia tranquila
## Spanish
### Noun

conciencia tranquila f (plural conciencias tranquilas)
* clear conscience

### Further reading

* “conciencia limpia, o conciencia tranquila”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# de presente
## Spanish
### Adverb

de presente
* (idiomatic) right now; at this moment
* (idiomatic) these days; at present

### Further reading

* “al presente, o de presente”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# nucleolo
## Italian
### Noun

nucleolo m (plural nucleoli)
* nucleolus

## Spanish
### Noun

nucleolo m (plural nucleolos)
* nucleolus

### Further reading

* “nucleolo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# oficio divino
## Spanish
### Noun

oficio divino m (plural oficios divinos)
* Divine Office

### Further reading

* “oficio divino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# mayın
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish مایین (mayın), English mine, from Old French mine, from Late Latin mina, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *meinis (“ore, metal”), from Proto-Indo-European *mēy(H)nis.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ma‧yın

### Noun

mayın (definite accusative mayını, plural mayınlar)
* (military) mine

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
mayın
mayınlar
definite accusative
mayını
mayınları
dative
mayına
mayınlara
locative
mayında
mayınlarda
ablative
mayından
mayınlardan
genitive
mayının
mayınların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
mayınım
mayınlarım
2nd singular
mayının
mayınların
3rd singular
mayını
mayınları
1st plural
mayınımız
mayınlarımız
2nd plural
mayınınız
mayınlarınız
3rd plural
mayınları
mayınları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
mayınımı
mayınlarımı
2nd singular
mayınını
mayınlarını
3rd singular
mayınını
mayınlarını
1st plural
mayınımızı
mayınlarımızı
2nd plural
mayınınızı
mayınlarınızı
3rd plural
mayınlarını
mayınlarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
mayınıma
mayınlarıma
2nd singular
mayınına
mayınlarına
3rd singular
mayınına
mayınlarına
1st plural
mayınımıza
mayınlarımıza
2nd plural
mayınınıza
mayınlarınıza
3rd plural
mayınlarına
mayınlarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
mayınımda
mayınlarımda
2nd singular
mayınında
mayınlarında
3rd singular
mayınında
mayınlarında
1st plural
mayınımızda
mayınlarımızda
2nd plural
mayınınızda
mayınlarınızda
3rd plural
mayınlarında
mayınlarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
mayınımdan
mayınlarımdan
2nd singular
mayınından
mayınlarından
3rd singular
mayınından
mayınlarından
1st plural
mayınımızdan
mayınlarımızdan
2nd plural
mayınınızdan
mayınlarınızdan
3rd plural
mayınlarından
mayınlarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
mayınımın
mayınlarımın
2nd singular
mayınının
mayınlarının
3rd singular
mayınının
mayınlarının
1st plural
mayınımızın
mayınlarımızın
2nd plural
mayınınızın
mayınlarınızın
3rd plural
mayınlarının
mayınlarının :

#### Derived terms

* mayın dökmek (“to lay mine”)
* mayın döşemek (“to lay mine”)
* mayın gemisi (“minelayer”)
* mayın tarama gemisi (“minesweeper”)
* mayıncı (“miner”)
* mayıncılık
* mayınlamak (“to mine”)
* serseri mayın (“floating mine”)
# Christos
## English
### Proper noun

Christos
* A surname
* A male given name from Greek

## Latin
### Noun

Christōs
* accusative plural of Christus
# Brillouin
## English
### Proper noun

Brillouin
* A surname from French

#### Derived terms

* Brillouin function
* Brillouin zone
# paksaku
## Pawnee
### Etymology

From paks- (“head”) +‎ hakus (“be sitting in water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʌkˈsʌkʊ]
* Hyphenation: pak‧sa‧ku

### Noun

paksáku
* tadpole
* catfish (family Ictaluridae)

### References

* Douglas R. Parks, Lula Nora Pratt (2008) A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 456
# non-Whites
## English
### Noun

non-Whites
* plural of non-White
# nalala
## Hawaiian
### Etymology

Coined by the Hawaiian Lexicon Committee in 2002 as a 'borrowing' (simulating the expected changes had the word been inherited) from the reconstruction Proto-Polynesian *ngarara (“lizard”) (compare Maori ngārara (“lizard”)).

### Noun

nalala
* dinosaur

## Lindu
### Etymology

From na- +‎ lala.

### Adjective

nalala
* hot; spicy
# shaughraun
## English
### Etymology

From Irish seachrán.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃɑːxɹɑː/, /ˈʃɑːxɹɑːn/

### Noun

shaughraun (plural shaughrauns)
* (Ireland, Canada) A wanderer; a vagabond.
* (Ireland, Canada) A state of travelling or wandering.
** 1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:We’ll paralyse Europe as Ignatius Gallaher used to say when he was on the shaughraun, doing billiardmaking in the Clarence.
# supercropping
## English
### Noun

supercropping (uncountable)
* The pruning and bending of the branches of a cannabis plant to encourage a larger number of buds to form.
# padrón electoral
## Spanish
### Noun

padrón electoral m (plural padrones electorales)
* electoral roll

### Further reading

* “padrón electoral”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ասուպ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ասուպ (asup), found only in HHB citing Albertus Magnus, several medieval Armenian translations of whom are known. Borrowed from Medieval Latin asub (“meteor”) attested in the writings of Albertus Magnus, which the Armenian translator simply transliterated. Asub, assub is a Latinized form of Arabic أَشْهُب (ʔašhub), plural of شِهَاب (šihāb, “meteor”).
Note also Middle Armenian ասպ (asp, “comet”) in Mxitʻar Ayrivanecʻi.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈsup/, [ɑsúp]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈsub/, [ɑsúb]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ասուպ • (asup)
* meteor, shooting star

#### Derived terms

* ասուպագիտություն (asupagitutʻyun)
* ասուպային (asupayin)
* ասուպավոր (asupavor)

### References

* ↑ Anonymous disciples of Mxitʻar Sebastacʻi (1769) “ասուպ”, in Baṙgirkʻ Haykazean lezui. Mnacʻordkʻ grabaṙ baṙicʻ haykazean lezui [Dictionary of the Armenian Language. The Remainder of Old Armenian Words]‎ (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 62b
* ↑ Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “ասպ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 79b

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “ասուպ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 270a
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “ասուպ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 315a
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “ասուպ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, pages 71–72
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ասուպ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, pages 77–78
* J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1804) “asub”, in Baṙaran yitalakan lezuē i hay ew i tačik barbaṙ [Dizionario Italiano-Armeno-Turco], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 77b
* West, Andrew F. (1891) “Lexicographical Gleanings from the Philobiblon of Richard de Bury”, in Transactions of the American Philological Association, volume 22, page 100
# forcuþ
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frakunþaz, past participle of *frakunnaną (“to despise”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /forˈkuːθ/

### Adjective

forcūþ (comparative forcūþra, superlative forcūþost or forcūþest)
* perverse
* bad, wicked
* infamous

#### Descendants

* Middle English: forcouth
# หน้าไม้
## Thai
### Etymology

Reflex of Proto-Tai *ʰnwɯəꟲ (“crossbow”) (whence cognate with Zhuang naq (“arrow”)) + ไม้ (máai).
The etymon *ʰnwɯə is related to Proto-Austronesian *panaq (“crossbow”), Chinese 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), as well as Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ; the medial *-w- perhaps suggests earlier *p.naːꟲ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Lao ໜ້າໄມ້ (nā mai), Lü ᦐᦱᧉᦺᦙᧉ (ṅaa²may²).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | หน้าไม้ h n ˆ ā ai m ˆ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | น่า-ม้าย n ˋ ā – m ˆ ā y |
| Romanization | Paiboon | nâa-máai |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | na-mai |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /naː˥˩.maːj˦˥/ |

### Noun

หน้าไม้ • (nâa-máai)
* crossbow.

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 339
* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 369