# 圣

| 圣 | U+5723, &#22307; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5723 |
| ← 圢 [U+5722] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 圤 → [U+5724] |

## Translingual
### Han character

圣 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 水土 (EG), four-corner 1710$_4$, composition ⿱又土)

#### Derived characters

* 怪, 𡌪 (Used as phonetic component)
* 柽, 蛏 (Simplified Chinese characters with 聖 component simplified to 圣)
* 径, 経, 軽, 茎 (Japanese shinjitai characters with 巠 component simplified to 圣)
* 𠱅, 𢫞, 𣲾, 㹩, 𫔽, 𦙾, 䇈, 𫒔, 𭭬, 壡, 𠡍, 頚, 𫞬

#### Related characters

* 聖 (Orthodox traditional form of 圣)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 223, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4873
* Dae Jaweon: page 455, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 417, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5723

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Glyph origin

Unorthodox variant of 聖 found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionaries 《俗書刊誤》 and 《字學三正》; this character originally meant "to dig", a concept represented by a hand over a lump of earth or clay.

#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 圣 – see 聖 (“noble; holy; sacred; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 聖).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C01605#34

### Etymology 2
#### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 圣 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 怪 | *kruːds |
| 恠 | *krɯːs |
| 圣 | *kʰuːd |
Shuowen Jiezi: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 又 + 土. Hence, two hands are visibile between a lump of earth or clay, meaning "to dig". Today, only one right hand is visibile on top.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kū (ku$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fat$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kū
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ku
*** Wade–Giles: kʻu$^1$
*** Yale: kū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
*** Palladius: ку (ku)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fat$^1$
*** Yale: fāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐt̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khwot
Rime :
| Character | 圣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦骨切 |
| Baxter | khwot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ku |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 圣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7503 |
| Phonetic component | 圣 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 窟 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰuːd/ |

#### Definitions

圣
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to dig

#### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C01605

## Japanese
### Etymology 1
#### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (Classical Chinese, rare) to dig

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): くつ (kutsu)、こつ (kotsu)

### Etymology 2
#### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (rare) Alternative form of 聖

#### Readings

* Kan-on: せい (sei)

### Etymology 3
#### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (dated) Alternative form of 経
** https://x.com/busforumshuu/status/1619671066355564546
    四谷(よつや)見附(みつけ)圣由(けいゆ)
       Yotsuya Mitsuke keiyu
       via Yotsuya Mitsuke
** https://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/hakkutsu/news/detail229.html
    15分(じゅうごふん)圣過(けいか)
       jū-go-fun keika
       after 15 minutes

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)

### Etymology 4
#### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Abbreviation of 軽; see below

#### Readings

* Kan-on: けい (kei)

#### Symbol

* Kanji in this term
* 圣
* けい Hyōgai
* kan'on
圣(けい) • (kei)
* (Kumamoto, in parking spaces) Abbreviation of 軽, referring to 軽自動車 (kei-jidōsha, “light vehicle”).

##### Usage notes

* Besides the above usage, this character is not used in modern Japanese. However, it is found as a simplified component of 巠 in Japanese shinjitai (eg. in 經 → 経).

### References

* ↑ “駐車場の『圣』、何かの呪文？　熊本に多い表記　由来は謎多く”, in 熊本日日新聞社‎, 2021 August 31, archived from the original on 31 August 2021
* ↑ 茂木俊伸 ((Can we date this quote?)) “「車のない軽」コレクション”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎

## Vietnamese
### Han character

圣: Hán Việt readings: thánh
圣: Nôm readings: thánh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation