# ira
## Translingual
### Symbol

ira
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Iranian languages.

## Ayu
### Noun

ira
* fire

### References

* Blench, Roger. "The Ayu language of Central Nigeria and its affinities" (2011), page 6

## Basque
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɾa/ [i.ɾa]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾa, -a
* Hyphenation: i‧ra

### Noun

ira inan
* fern

#### Related terms

* iratze
* garo

### Further reading

* “ira”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “ira”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ira.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈi.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈi.ɾa]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾa

### Noun

ira f (plural ires)
* rage, wrath

#### Derived terms

* aïrar

#### Related terms

* irascible
* irat

### Further reading

* “ira” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Chuukese
### Noun

ira
* tree

## Fataluku
### Noun

ira
* water

### Further reading

* A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242
* Clara Sarmento, From Here to Diversity (2010, →ISBN, page 248

## Fijian
### Pronoun

ira
* they (approx. five or more)

#### See also
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ʁa/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ira
* third-person singular future of aller

### Anagrams

* air, rai

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ira (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin ira.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiɾa/ [ˈi.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -iɾa
* Hyphenation: i‧ra

### Noun

ira f (plural iras)
* ire, anger, wrath
    Synonym: cólera

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ira”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ira”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ira”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ira”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Gunya
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *rirra.

### Noun

ira
* tooth

### Further reading

* Barry Alpher, Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004, →ISBN

## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈra/

### Verb

ira
* future of ir

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin īra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.ra/
* Rhymes: -ira
* Hyphenation: ì‧ra
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ira f (plural ire)
* (usually uncountable) anger, ire, wrath
    Synonyms: furia, rabbia
* (Christianity, uncountable) anger (deadly sin)
    Synonym: iracondia
* hatred
    Synonym: odio
* (rare, usually in the plural) discord, dissension
    Synonym: discordia
* (literary) indignation
    Synonym: sdegno
* (figurative) fury, violence
    Synonyms: furia, violenza
* one who is enraged or wrathful
* (obsolete) sorrow, grief
    Synonyms: afflizione, dolore

#### Related terms

* iracondo
* irascibile
* irato
* iroso

### Further reading

* ira in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* ira in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

### Anagrams

* -ari, Ari, RAI, Rai, ari, rai, ria, rià

## Karao
### Pronoun

ira
* they

## Kikuyu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɾa/

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

ira (infinitive kũira)
* to be black, to turn black

##### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* mũiri class 3
(Proverbs)
* Kamau mwerũ nĩ airaga

##### Related terms

(Adjectives)
* -irũ

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ira (infinitive kũira)
* to feel stinted of

### References

* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 361. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
* “ira” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

## Latin
### Etymology

From earlier eira (Plautus), from Proto-Italic *eizā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eys- (compare Ancient Greek οἶστρος (oîstros), Lithuanian aistrà (“violent passion”), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma, “anger”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈiː.ra/, [ˈiːrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈi.ra/, [ˈiːrä]

### Noun

īra f (genitive īrae); first declension
* ire, anger, wrath
    Synonyms: furia, indignātiō
    Diēs īrae. ― Day of wrath
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.11:Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?[Is there] not such [terrible] wrath in celestial spirits? Can there [be] such rage in heavenly hearts? Did the heaven-dwellers [harbor] so much anger? [Is there] resentment so [awful] in the spirits above? How could the gods [retain] such wrath? (Does vengeful anger, a base human emotion, also impassion divine beings? The enclitic particle “-ne” [tantae-ne] marks the Latin phrase as a question, and ellipsis – the omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from context – intensifies varied translations.)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* īrācundē
* īrācundia
* īrācundus
* īrāscor
* īrātē
* īrātus

#### Descendants

* Catalan: ira
* English: ire
* French: ire
* Portuguese: ira
* Italian: ira
* Sicilian: irra
* Spanish: ira
* → Albanian: irë

### References

* “ira”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "ira", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to be fired with rage: ira incensum esse to be fired with rage: ira ardere (Flacc. 35. 88) his anger cools: ira defervescit (Tusc. 4. 36. 78) to vent one's anger, spite on some one: iram in aliquem effundere to vent one's anger, spite on some one: iram, bilem evomere in aliquem to give free play to one's anger: irae indulgere (Liv. 23. 3) to be short-tempered; to be prone to anger: praecipitem in iram esse (Liv. 23. 7) to calm one's anger: iram restinguere, sedare
* “ira”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “ira”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ira”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

## Makalero
### Noun

ira
* water

### Further reading

* Juliette Huber, A grammar of Makalero
* A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242

## Makasae
### Noun

ira
* water

### Further reading

* Juliette Huber, First steps towards a grammar of Makasae: a language of East Timor (2008)
* A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242

## Manchu
### Romanization

ira
* Romanization of ᡳᡵᠠ

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *qila (compare with Samoan ila and Tongan ‘ila) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qila (compare with Cebuano ila) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

ira
* dot, freckle, speck, mole
* particle
* shine, glimmer

#### Derived terms

* iraira
* whakaira

### References

* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “qila”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “ira”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 93
* “ira” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Mokilese
### Alternative forms

* ara

### Pronoun

ira
* third person dual; the two of them

### See also

| singular | first person | first person | ngoah, ngoahi |
| singular | second person | second person | koah, koawoa |
| singular | third person | third person | ih |
| dual | first person inclusive | first person inclusive | kisa |
| dual | first person exclusive | first person exclusive | kama |
| dual | second person | second person | kamwa |
| dual | third person | third person | ara, ira |
| plural | first person inclusive | first person inclusive | kisai |
| plural | first person exclusive | first person exclusive | kamai |
| plural | second person | second person | kamwai |
| plural | third person | third person | arai, irai |
| remote plural | first person inclusive | first person inclusive | kihs |
| remote plural | first person exclusive | first person exclusive | kimi |
| remote plural | second person | second person | kimwi |
| remote plural | third person | third person | ihr |

## Oirata
### Noun

ira
* water

### Further reading

* Cakalele, volumes 7-9 (1996), page 14
* A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* iru, iro, ire

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

### Pronoun

ira
* genitive of siu: her

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: ēr
** Dutch Low Saxon: eur
** German Low German: üor, ehr, eer

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -iɾɐ
* Hyphenation: i‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese ira, from Latin īra, from Proto-Indo-European *eis.

#### Noun

ira f (plural iras)
* anger, rage (a strong feeling of displeasure, hostility or antagonism towards someone or something)

##### Derived terms

* irar

##### Related terms

* irado

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

ira
* inflection of irar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “ira”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “ira”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin īra. Cognate with English ire.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiɾa/ [ˈi.ɾa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾa
* Syllabification: i‧ra

### Noun

ira f (plural iras)
* anger, ire
    Synonyms: enojo, enfado
* wrath, rage
    Synonyms: cólera, rabia, furia

#### Derived terms

* airar

### Further reading

* “ira”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tause
### Noun

ira
* (Weirate, Deirate) water

### See also

* era (Standard Tause)

### References

* Duane A. Clouse, 1997, Toward a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya, In Karl J. Franklin (ed.), Papers in Papuan linguistics No. 2, 133-236. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, page 172

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ará
* iá (Ondo)
* ịrá (Ekiti)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾá/

#### Noun

irá
* (Ilajẹ) native, indigene
* (Ilajẹ) member of a society, group, club, or family
* (Ilajẹ) family, relative, friend, acquaintance
    Synonyms: ẹbí, ọ̀rẹ́, ojúlùmọ̀

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾà/, /ì.ɾā/

#### Noun

ìrà or ìra
* Several plants of the Euphorbiaceae or Phyllanthaceae families such as Bridelia Micrantha, traditionally used as a purgative

### Etymology 3

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ rà (“to decay, to be rotten”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾà/

#### Noun

ìrà
* something that is rotten or decayed

### Etymology 4

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ rà (“to buy”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾà/

#### Noun

ìrà
* the act of buying, a purchase

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾá/

#### Noun

ìrá
* The plant Rauvolfia Vomitoria, often used in traditional medicine
    Synonym: asofẹ́yẹjẹ

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾá/

#### Noun

ìrá
* Synonym of ìrá kùnnùgbá (“hartebeest”)

### Etymology 7

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ rá (“to crawl”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾá/

#### Noun

ìrá
* something that crawls, crawler, creeper

### Etymology 8

i- (“non-gerundive nominalizer”) +‎ rà (“to decay, to decompose”), literally “That in which decomposition occurs”

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾà/

#### Noun

irà
* swamp, marshland
    Synonym: àbàtà