# 諷

| 諷 | U+8AF7, &#35575; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF7 |
| ← 諶 [U+8AF6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 諸 → [U+8AF8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

諷 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹弓戈 (YRHNI), four-corner 0761$_0$, composition ⿰訁風)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35741
* Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8AF7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嵐 | *b·ruːm |
| 葻 | *b·uːm |
| 釩 | *pʰomʔ |
| 汎 | *pʰoms, *bum |
| 凡 | *bom |
| 帆 | *bom, *boms |
| 颿 | *bom, *boms |
| 軓 | *bomʔ |
| 梵 | *bloms, *bum |
| 芃 | *boːŋ, *bum |
| 風 | *plum, *plums |
| 飌 | *plum |
| 楓 | *plum |
| 猦 | *plum |
| 偑 | *plum |
| 檒 | *plum |
| 瘋 | *plum |
| 諷 | *plums |
| 堸 | *blum |
| 渢 | *blum |
| 鳳 | *bums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *plums): semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fěng, fèng
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ, ㄈㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fong$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fung$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong / hóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$fon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǒng
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^3$
*** Yale: fěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feeng
*** Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fòng
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^4$
*** Yale: fèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenq
*** Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fong$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fung
*** Sinological IPA : /foŋ⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^3$
*** Yale: fung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hô̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
*** Tâi-lô: hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
*** Tâi-lô: hóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng
*** Sinological IPA : /hoŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$fon
*** MiniDict: fon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$fon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foŋ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 諷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 方鳳切 |
| Baxter | pjuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯uŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*plums/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 諷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*prəm-s/ |
| English | to recite |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 諷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2928 |
| Phonetic component | 凡 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*plums/ |

### Definitions

諷
* to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language)
* to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner
* (literary) to recite; to incant

### Compounds

* 仿諷 / 仿讽
* 借古諷今 / 借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
* 傳諷 / 传讽
* 冷嘲熱諷 / 冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
* 勸百諷一 / 劝百讽一
* 反諷 / 反讽 (fǎnfěng)
* 嘲諷 / 嘲讽 (cháofěng)
* 嘲諷漫罵 / 嘲讽漫骂
* 悲劇反諷 / 悲剧反讽
* 規諷 / 规讽
* 託諷 / 托讽
* 諷一勸百 / 讽一劝百
* 諷刺 / 讽刺 (fěngcì)
* 諷刺劇 / 讽刺剧
* 諷刺文字 / 讽刺文字
* 諷刺畫 / 讽刺画 (fěngcìhuà)
* 諷味 / 讽味
* 諷喻 / 讽喻 (fěngyù)
* 諷示 / 讽示
* 諷經 / 讽经
* 諷詞 / 讽词
* 諷誦 / 讽诵
* 諷諫 / 讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
* 諷諭 / 讽谕 (fěngyù)
* 諷諭詩 / 讽谕诗
* 諷讀 / 讽读
* 譏諷 / 讥讽 (jīfěng)
* 降格仿諷 / 降格仿讽

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふ (fu)、ふう (fū)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諷んじる)、うたう (utau, 諷う)、いさめる (isameru, 諷める)

## Korean
### Hanja

諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

諷: Hán Nôm readings: phúng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.