# 慈

| 慈 | U+6148, &#24904; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6148 |
| ← 慇 [U+6147] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慉 → [U+6149] |
| 慈 | U+2F8A6, &#194726; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A6 |
| ← 惇 [U+2F8A5] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 慌 → [U+2F8A7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

慈 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿女戈心 (TVIP), four-corner 8033$_3$, composition ⿱兹心 or ⿱茲心)

#### Derived characters

* 㘂, 嬨, 𫻌, 𢶴, 濨, 𪴆, 礠, 𥣓, 𫃕, 䗹, 𬣐, 𨭨, 𩉋, 𩼰, 𪇔, 𬞧, 𥴺

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10980
* Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2324, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6148
* Unihan data for U+2F8A6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 糍 | *zi |
| 茲 | *ʔsɯ, *zɯ |
| 滋 | *ʔsɯ |
| 孳 | *ʔsɯ, *zɯs |
| 嵫 | *ʔsɯ |
| 嗞 | *ʔsɯ |
| 鎡 | *ʔsɯ |
| 鰦 | *ʔsɯ |
| 鶿 | *ʔsɯ, *zɯ |
| 稵 | *ʔsɯ, *ʔsɯw |
| 螆 | *sʰɯs |
| 慈 | *zɯ |
| 鷀 | *zɯ |
| 磁 | *zɯ |
| 礠 | *zlɯ |
| 濨 | *zlɯ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zɯ): phonetic 茲 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dzə. Cognate with Burmese စာ (ca) and Tibetan མཛའ (mdza') (in མཛའ་བ (mdza' ba) etc.).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cí (ci$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
    (Hailu, HRS): cii
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chû / chîr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ce$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cí
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
*** Palladius: цы (cy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$
*** Yale: chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬu²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zo$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceó
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû
*** Tâi-lô: tsû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuu
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡su²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr
*** Tâi-lô: tsîr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ce$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzi
Rime :
| Character | 慈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾之切 |
| Baxter | dzi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziə/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-ts]ə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 慈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzi › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N-ts]ə/ |
| English | loving, kind |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17845 |
| Phonetic component | 兹 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慈 |
| Old Chinese | /*zɯ/ |

### Definitions

慈
* (of someone older to someone younger) to love; to show affection to
* kind; charitable; benevolent
* (literary, honorific) mother
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不慈
* 仁慈 (réncí)
* 令慈
* 先慈 (xiāncí)
* 八慈
* 割慈
* 嚴慈 / 严慈
* 大慈大悲 (dàcídàbēi)
* 大慈岩 (Dàcíyán)
* 大發慈悲 / 大发慈悲 (dàfācíbēi)
* 天慈
* 孝子慈孫 / 孝子慈孙
* 孝慈
* 宅心仁慈
* 宣慈
* 宸慈
* 家慈 (jiācí)
* 寬慈 / 宽慈
* 尊慈
* 布慈
* 心慈 (xīncí)
* 心慈手軟 / 心慈手软 (xīncíshǒuruǎn)
* 心慈面軟 / 心慈面软
* 恩慈
* 慈仁
* 慈侍
* 慈保
* 慈儉 / 慈俭
* 慈兄
* 慈光
* 慈制
* 慈厚
* 慈和
* 慈命
* 慈善 (císhàn)
* 慈善事業 / 慈善事业
* 慈善家 (císhànjiā)
* 慈善機構 / 慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu)
* 慈壼 / 慈壸
* 慈姑 (cígū)
* 慈孝
* 慈孫 / 慈孙
* 慈孫孝子 / 慈孙孝子
* 慈安太后
* 慈宥
* 慈容
* 慈宮 / 慈宫
* 慈寵 / 慈宠
* 慈帷
* 慈幃 / 慈帏
* 慈幼
* 慈幼局
* 慈心
* 慈忍
* 慈念
* 慈息
* 慈恕
* 慈恤
* 慈恩
* 慈恩宗
* 慈恩寺
* 慈恩題記 / 慈恩题记
* 慈悲 (cíbēi)
* 慈惠
* 慈悲殺人 / 慈悲杀人 (cíbēi shārén)
* 慈悲為懷 / 慈悲为怀
* 慈悲為本 / 慈悲为本
* 慈愛 / 慈爱 (cí'ài)
* 慈愍
* 慈惻 / 慈恻
* 慈愷 / 慈恺
* 慈慧
* 慈憐 / 慈怜
* 慈憫 / 慈悯
* 慈懿
* 慈故能勇
* 慈教
* 慈旨
* 慈明
* 慈明無雙 / 慈明无双
* 慈景
* 慈暉 / 慈晖
* 慈柔
* 慈武
* 慈母 (címǔ)
* 慈母服
* 慈氏 (Císhì)
* 慈淚 / 慈泪
* 慈渥
* 慈湖
* 慈溫 / 慈温
* 慈澤 / 慈泽
* 慈濟大學 / 慈济大学
* 慈烏 / 慈乌 (cíwū)
* 慈烏反哺 / 慈乌反哺
* 慈烏返哺 / 慈乌返哺
* 慈燈 / 慈灯
* 慈父 (cífù)
* 慈目
* 慈眄
* 慈眉善目 (címéishànmù)
* 慈眼
* 慈睦
* 慈石
* 慈祐 (Cíyòu)
* 慈祥 (cíxiáng)
* 慈禧太后 (Cíxǐ Tàihòu)
* 慈竹 (cízhú)
* 慈篤 / 慈笃
* 慈綸 / 慈纶
* 慈育
* 慈膝
* 慈臨 / 慈临
* 慈航
* 慈航普渡
* 慈良
* 慈色
* 慈菰
* 慈菇 (cígū)
* 慈萱
* 慈蔭 / 慈荫
* 慈藹 / 慈蔼
* 慈衷
* 慈親 / 慈亲
* 慈訓 / 慈训 (cíxùn)
* 慈誨 / 慈诲
* 慈謨 / 慈谟
* 慈讓 / 慈让
* 慈躬
* 慈造
* 慈闈 / 慈闱
* 慈隱 / 慈隐
* 慈雌
* 慈雨
* 慈雲 / 慈云
* 慈顏 / 慈颜
* 慈鴉 / 慈鸦
* 手滑心慈
* 敏練慈愷 / 敏练慈恺
* 敬老慈少
* 敬老慈幼
* 敬老慈稚
* 李慈銘 / 李慈铭
* 柔慈
* 母慈
* 母慈子孝
* 溫慈 / 温慈
* 濟慈 / 济慈 (Jìcí)
* 父慈子孝 (fùcízǐxiào)
* 皇慈
* 睿慈
* 矜慈
* 祝孝嘏慈
* 等慈
* 聖慈 / 圣慈
* 臉軟心慈 / 脸软心慈
* 葉慈 / 叶慈 (Yècí)
* 親慈 / 亲慈
* 酒慈
* 重慈
* 鈞慈 / 钧慈
* 頂禮慈雲 / 顶礼慈云
* 順慈 / 顺慈
* 鴻慈 / 鸿慈

### References

* “慈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “慈”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 591.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* mercy

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: いつくしむ (itsukushimu, 慈しむ, Jōyō)、いつくしみ (itsukushimi)

#### Compounds

* 慈姑(くわい) (kuwai)
* 慈愛(じあい) (jiai)
* 慈雨(じう) (jiu)
* 慈善(じぜん) (jizen)
* 慈鳥(じちょう) (jichō): crow, raven
* 慈悲(じひ) (jihi)

## Korean
### Hanja

慈 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

慈: Hán Nôm readings: từ
* chữ Hán form of từ (“maitrī, benevolence, loving-kindness”).