# serum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin serum (“whey”). Cognates include French sérum, Spanish suero, Italian siere, siero, Portuguese soro. Doublet of suero.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈsɪəɹəm/, /ˈsiːɹəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈsɪɹəm/
* (Canada) IPA: /ˈsiɹəm/
* Rhymes: (UK) -ɪəɹəm, (US) -ɪɹəm

### Noun

serum (countable and uncountable, plural serums or sera)
* The clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
    Synonym: blood serum
* Blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.
* A watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.
* The watery portion of certain animal fluids like blood, milk, etc; whey.
* (skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.

#### Synonyms

* (medicine prepared from animal fluids): antiserum

#### Hyponyms

* See antivenom and antidote (some serums)

#### Derived terms

* antiserum
* blood serum
* convalescent serum
* immune serum
* serous
* serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
* serum sickness
* truth serum

#### Related terms

* sero-

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “serum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “serum”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “serum”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* semur, resum, Reums, Mureș, Remus, merus, muser, Muser, murse, mures, Sumer, Esrum

## Dutch
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin serum. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseː.rʏm/, [ˈsɪː.rʏm]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: se‧rum

### Noun

serum n (plural sera or serums)
* blood serum

#### Derived terms

* antiserum
* bloedserum

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: serum

## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈserum/ [ˈse.rʊm]
* Rhymes: -erum
* Syllabification: se‧rum

#### Noun

serum (plural serum-serum)
* serum:
** (hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
** (immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.
** a watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.
** (skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.

##### Derived terms

* menyerum
* serum darah
* serum kreatinin

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /səˈrum/ [səˈrum]
* Rhymes: -um
* Syllabification: se‧rum

#### Noun

sêrum (plural serum-serum)
* acronym of serangan umum (“general offensive”).

### Further reading

* “serum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* serū

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *serom (“liquid”), from Proto-Indo-European *sér-o- (“flowing, liquid”), from *ser- (“to flow, run”); cognate with Sanskrit सर (sará, “flowing”), सार (sā́ra, “curd, cream”), सारण (sāraṇa, “flowing, buttermilk”), and Ancient Greek ὁρός (horós, “whey, curd, semen”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈse.rum/, [ˈs̠ɛrʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈse.rum/, [ˈsɛːrum]

#### Noun

serum n (genitive serī); second declension
* whey
** c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 3.404–406:Nec tibi cūra canum fuerit postrēma, sed ūnā vēlōcis Spartae catulōs ācremque Molossum pāsce serō pinguī.Nor let the concern for your dogs be the last, but in the same way the brave Molossan and the whelps of the swift Spartan feed with fat whey.
** c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 28.130:Būbulī serum orthopnoicīs prōdest ante cētera additō nāsturtiō.Whey of cows is more beneficial to asthmatics than others when cress is added to it.
* (by extension) some other watery liquid
** c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 80:Quid dīcam, Gellī, quārē rosea ista labella hībernā fīant candidiōra nive, māne domō cum exīs et cum tē octāva quiēte ē mollī longō suscitat hōra diē? Nesciŏquid certest: an vērē fāma susurrat grandia tē mediī tenta vorāre virī? Sīc certest: clāmant Victōris rupta miselli īlia, et ēmulsō barba notāta serō.What shall I say, Gellius, how these rosy lips are whiter than wintery snow, when you walk out of the house when the eighth hour rouses you from soft rest in the long day? Something's sure: perhaps your reputation whispers truthfully that you devour the large protuberance of a man's middle? So is it certain: thus the broken loins of the poor Victor cry, and the beard marked with the milked-out semen.

##### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

##### Descendants

* Aromanian: dzãr, dzer
* Catalan: sèrum
* → English: serum
* French: sérum
* Galician: soro
* → German: Serum
* Italian: siero
* Portuguese: soro
* Romanian: zer
* Sicilian: seru
* Spanish: sero-, suero

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

sērum
* nominative neuter singular of sērus

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “serum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558

### Further reading

* “serum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “serum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "serum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* serum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Old Norse
### Verb

serum
* first-person plural past indicative active of sá

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin serum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛ.rum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrum
* Syllabification: se‧rum

### Noun

serum n (indeclinable)
* (rare) serum (yellowish fluid obtained from blood)
    Synonym: surowica
* (cosmetics) serum (skincare product)

### Further reading

* serum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* serum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin serum (“whey”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sěːrum/
* Hyphenation: se‧rum

### Noun

sérum m (Cyrillic spelling се́рум)
* serum