# clad
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /klæd/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* Rhymes: -æd

### Etymology 1

From Middle English clad, cladde, cled(e), cledde, past tense and past participle forms of clethen (“(also figurative) to put clothing on, clothe, dress; to provide clothing to; to arm, equip; to cover, envelop; to conceal; to adorn”), from Old English clǣþan (past tense clǣþde, *clædde), from Proto-West Germanic *klaiþijan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y-, *gley- (“to adhere, cling, stick to”).

#### Verb

clad
* (archaic) simple past and past participle of clothe

### Etymology 2

From Middle English clad(d), cladde, clade, past tense and past participle forms of clathen, clothen (“to put clothing on, clothe, dress”), from *clāþian (“to clothe”) (past participle ġeclāded, ġeclaþed, ġeclaþod), from clāþ, clǣþ (“cloth; (plural) clothes”); see further at etymology 1.

#### Adjective

clad (not comparable)
* (of a person, preceded by a garment type) Wearing clothing or some other covering (for example, an armour) on the body; clothed, dressed.
    Synonyms: attired, beclad, raimented; see also Thesaurus:clothed
    Antonyms: unclad; see also Thesaurus:naked
** 1881, Oscar Wilde, “Charmides”, in Poems‎:[...] from his nook up leapt the venturous lad, / And flinging wide the cedar-carven door / Beheld an awful image saffron-clad / And armed for battle!
** 1912, James Stephens, chapter 10, in The Charwoman's Daughter; republished as Mary, Mary, New York: Boni & Liveright, (Please provide a date or year), page 66:Her downcast eyes were almost mesmerized by the huge tweed-clad knees which towered like monoliths beside her.
** 1921, John Dos Passos, Three Soldiers‎, Part One, New York: The Modern Library, published 1932, page 35:Everything was lost in a scene from a movie in which khaki-clad regiments marched fast, fast across the scene.
** 1964, Hajime Nakamura, “Alienation from the Objective Natural World”, in Philip P. Wiener, editor, Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples: India–China–Tibet–Japan‎, translator not credited, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, page 142:The radical conservatives of the Jain monks were called “Digambara—the sky-clad.” They went about completely naked, or in other words, “clothed in space.”
** 1981, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary, Section One, London: Heinemann, page 111:There his chains would be removed and he would be ushered into the waiting-room for a five-minute chat with his wife surrounded on all sides by security men and civilian-clad prison warders.
** 2001, Daryl, transl. Hine, chapter CXXV, in Puerilities: Erotic Epigrams of The Greek Anthology, Princeton University Press, page 59:Love brought between my sheets a laughing lad / One night. Eighteen years old, he was half-clad / Like a young boy: what a sweet dream!
** 2007, Carolin Duttlinger, chapter 7, in Kafka and Photography, Oxford University Press, page 214:In the original photograph, the two leaders are followed by a single pair of uniform-clad men, but in Kafka's symmetrical arrangement, there are two pairs of attendants, each pair facing each other.
* (of an object, often in compounds) Covered, enveloped in, or surrounded by a cladding, or a specified material or substance.
** 1879, Robert Louis Stevenson, Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes‎, New York: Century, published 1907, page 25:On all sides, Goudet is shut in by mountains; rocky foot-paths, practicable at best for donkeys, join it to the outer world of France; and the men and women drink and swear, in their green corner, or look up at the snow-clad peaks in winter from the threshold of their homes [...]
** 1887, Hall Caine, chapter XXVIII, in The Deemster‎, volume 2, London: Chatto & Windus, page 283:Into this book-clad room it followed the Bishop, with blue eyes and laughter on the red lips [...]
** 1929, Robinson Jeffers, “Evening Ebb”, in The Selected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers‎, New York: Random House, published 1937, page 263:The sun has gone down, and the water has gone down / From the weed-clad rock, but the distant cloud-wall rises.
** 1941, Sinclair Lewis, “A Note on Book Collecting”, in The Man from Main Street, New York: Pocket Books, published 1963, page 101:[...] I can remember every volume among the three or four hundred books that made up the library of my father, the country doctor—three or four hundred besides those portentous leather-clad depositories of medical mystery filled with color plates depicting the awful intimacies of the innards;
** 1963, Harry L. Garver, “Lightning Protection for the Farm”, in Farmers' Bulletin‎, Issue 2136, U.S. Government, page 8:Copper and copper-clad steel resist corrosion indefinitely in soil that is relatively free from ammonia.
** 1987, Sol M. Michaelson, James C. Lin, chapter 3, in Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation‎, New York and London: Plenum Press, page 84:The probe is constructed from plastic-clad silica fiber with an FPA Teflon jacket to prevent ambient light from being scattered into the system.
** 2011, Colin Imber, “The Ottoman Empire (tenth/sixteenth century)”, in Maribel Fierro, editor, The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World: Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, Cambridge University Press, page 353:The second half of the century also saw the artistic peak of ceramic production at İzniq, with the finest products of the İzniq kilns made visible to the public in the tile-clad walls of the mosques of Rüstem Pasha (968/1561) and Șoqollu Meḥmed Pasha (979/1571) in Istanbul, both by Sinān.
* (figurative) Adorned, ornamented.

##### Derived terms

* beclad
* black-clad
* demiclad
* heathclad
* ironclad
* mailclad
* moonclad
* multiclad
* overclad
* pineclad
* reclad
* scantily clad
* semiclad
* skyclad
* snowclad
* thinclad
* tinclad
* unclad
* underclad

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Apparently derived from clad (adjective); see etymology 2. Uses of clad as the simple past and past participle form of clad are indistinguishable from uses of the word as the simple past and past participle form of clothe.

#### Verb

clad (third-person singular simple present clads, present participle cladding, simple past and past participle clad or cladded)
* (archaic, literary or obsolete, past tense clad) To clothe, to dress.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6, page 20:At last faire Heſperus in higheſt ſkie / Had ſpent his lãpe [i.e., lampe] and brought forth dawning light, / Then vp he roſe, and clad him haſtily; / The dwarfe him brought his ſteed: ſo both away do fly.
** 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC,:Muſicke and Poetry is his delight, / Therefore ile haue Italian Maskes by night, / Sweete ſpeeches, Comedies, and pleaſing ſhowes, / And in the day when he ſhall walke abroad, / Like Siluian Nimphs my Pages ſhall be clad, […]
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC,:But ſee the Sunne in ruſſet mantle clad, / Walkes ore the deaw of yon hie mountaine top, […]In the First Folio (1623), the passage reads: "But look, the morn, in russet mantle clad, / Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastward hill."
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 11:29, column 1:And it came to paſſe at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jeruſalem, that the Prophet Ahiiah the Shilonite found him in the way: and hee had clad himſelfe with a new garment; and they two were alone in the field.
** 1660, “Walter Brockett, 1660”, in William A[nderson] Gunnell, compiler, Sketches of Hull Celebrities: Or Memoirs and Correspondence of Alderman Thomas Johnson, (Who was Twice Mayor of Kingston-upon-Hull.) And Four of His Lineal Descendants, from the Year 1640 to 1858. […], Hull, Yorkshire: […] Walker & Brown, […] [for] William Anderson Gunnell, […], published 1876, →OCLC, page 176:He alwaie claddeth y$^n$ a blak Cote with Trunkhose o y$^e$ lyke Colore, wi Shoos and Siller Buckels, a spuddish coroned Hatte, wi a Bruarte o muche brodeneſse, an tached vppe atte y$^e$ Rear, wi a Cordige an Tassle.
** 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Humours and Dispositions of the Laputians Described. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 23:Those to whom the King had entruſted me, obſerving how ill I was clad, ordered a Taylor to come next Morning, and take my Meaſure for a Suit of Clothes.
** 1798, [William Wordsworth], “We Are Seven”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], →OCLC, stanza 3, page 110:She had a rustic, woodland air, / And she was wildly clad; / Her eyes were fair, and very fair, / —Her beauty made me glad.
** 1831 July, “Art. III.—1. Erste Sammlung Lettischer Sinngedichte. Ruien, 1807, 12mo. 2. Zweyte Sammlung Lettischer Sinn-oder Stegriefs Gedichte, 1808, 12mo. 3. Palzmareeschu Dseesmu Krahjums. (Lettish and Palzmarinian Songs and Epigrams.)”, in The Foreign Quarterly Review, volume VIII, number XV, London: Treuttel and Würtz, and Richter, […]; Black, Young, and Young, […], →OCLC, page 77:O Pergubri! thou it is that sendest the winter away, and bringest back the beautiful spring. It is thou who coverest the hedges and the meadows with green, and claddest the hedges and the forest with leaves.
** 1875 April 7, Patrick Smollett, “Women’s Disabilities Removal Bill—[Bill 25.]: Second Reading”, in Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, […] (House of Commons), volume CCXXIII, London: Cornelius Buck, […], →OCLC, column 449:Those ladies came over to champion "Woman's rights," and proclaim the equality of the sexes; and to show they had a right to do so, they assumed, or rather usurped male attire—they clad themselves in breeches.
** 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter VIII, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, part II, number 12, New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, March 1927, →OCLC, page 1140:But what interested me most was the slender figure of a dainty girl, clad only in a thin bit of muslin which scarce covered her knees—a bit of muslin torn and ragged about the lower hem.
** 2009, Lester D. Langley, “The Liberator”, in Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan Rebel, American Revolutionary, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 75:His followers were neither ideologues nor philosophers nor clerics but shabbily clad fifteen-year-olds who looked twice their age and who subsisted on dried corn, fruit, or animal flesh and followed officers with uniforms made out of blankets with cut-out holes for their heads.
* (past tense clad or cladded) To cover with a cladding or another material (for example, insulation).
** 1596, Thomas Lodge, “A Margarite of America, 1596. To the Noble, Learned and Vertuous Ladie, the Ladie Russell, T. L. Wisheth Affluence on Earth, and Felicitie in Heaven.”, in Clara Gebert, editor, An Anthology of Elizabethan Dedications and Prefaces, Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, published 1933, →OCLC, page 115:[M]any bitter and extreme frosts at midsummer continually clothe and clad the discomfortable mountaines; […]
** 1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 313–316:He ſcarce had ſaid, when the bare Earth, till then / Deſert and bare, unſightly, unadorn'd, / Brought forth the tender Graſs whoſe verdure clad / Her Univerſal Face with pleaſant green, […]
** 1863, F[rederik] Paludan-Müller, “The Death of Abel”, in Mrs. Krebs, transl., A Few Poems Translated from the Danish, Copenhagen, Denmark: C. A. Reitzel, […], →OCLC, stanza V, page 24:But on the pale moon Eve now fix'd her gaze, / „Behold”, she said, „how cold and pale its face, / „Now Abel’s house it claddeth with its ray, / „And shineth now above Cain’s lonely way.”
** 1896, Fiona Macleod [pseudonym; William Sharp], “[The Three Marvels of Hy] The Moon-child”, in Mrs. William Sharp [i.e., Elizabeth Sharp], editor, The Sin-eater, The Washer of the Ford and Other Legendary Moralities (The Writings of “Fiona Macleod”; 3), uniform edition, New York, N.Y.: Duffield & Company, published 1910, →OCLC, page 297:There, on a rock, he saw a little child. Naked she was, though clad with soft white moonlight.
** 1972 October, B. W. Lifka, D. O. Sprowls, “Significance of Intergranular Corrosion in High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Products”, in Localized Corrosion—Cause of Metal Failure […] (ASTM Special Technical Publication; 516), Philadelphia, Pa.: American Society for Testing and Materials, published July 1981, →ISBN, page 122:Subsequently E. H. Dix, Jr., at Alcoa Research Laboratories established methods to metallurgically clad commercial aluminum to both sides of a 2017-T4 (then known as 17S-T) sheet to obtain outstanding corrosion protection […].
** 1989, C[arole] A. Daniels, “Additives”, in Polymers: Structure and Properties, Lancaster, Pa.: Technomic Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 26, column 2:[T]he most effective materials at preventing oxygen diffusion are metals or ceramics of a thickness on the order of 1 millimeter or more. This type of coating may not be easily incorporated into the design or easily cladded to the polymer.
** 1994, Panayotis Tournikiotis, “Loos’s Architecture: Elements of Analysis”, in Adolf Loos, 1st paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press, published 2002, →ISBN, page 169:The visible surface conveys a building's image. […] It is the thin membrane that clads the walls of both the interior and exterior of the building, and thus constitutes its "facades."
** 2005, Annie Boutelle, “Nest of Thistles”, in Eric Pankey, editor, Nest of Thistles (The 2005 Morse Poetry Prize), Lebanon, N.H.: Northeastern University Press, University Press of New England, →ISBN, page 27:[A] wrinkled moon strvaigs / across the field of stars, pewters each thistle / spear, and clads each thread of down in light.
** 2006 December, Martin Bauser, “The Production of Extruded Semifinished Products from Metallic Materials [Extrusion of Semifinished Products in Zirconium Alloys]”, in A. F. Castle, transl., edited by M. Bauser, G. Sauer, and K. Siegert, Extrusion, 2nd edition, Materials Park, Oh.: ASM International, →ISBN, page 269, column 1:The best method, but also the most expensive is cladding the billets in copper. Clad billets can be heated in an induction furnace and lubrication with oil-graphite suffices similar to standard copper alloys.
* (figurative, past tense clad) To imbue (with a specified quality); to envelop or surround.
** 1552, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “The Fourme of Ordering Priestes”, in The Boke of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Edwardi Whytchurche […], →OCLC:Moſt mercifull father, we beſeche thee ſo to ſende vpon theſe thy ſeruauntes thy heauenly bleſſyng, that they maye be cladde about with all iuſtice, & that thy worde ſpoken by theyr mouthes, may haue ſuch ſucceſſe, that it may neuer be ſpoken in vain.
** 1599 November (date written), Thomas Dekker, edited by [William Henry] Oliphant Smeaton, Old Fortunatus: A Play (The Temple Dramatists), London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], published 1904, →OCLC, act V, scene ii, page 117, lines 155–156:O folly, thou hast power to make flesh glad, / When the rich soul in wretchedness is clad.
** 1943 May 26, Percy Harris, “Statutory Rules and Orders”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom)‎, volume 389, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 January 2021, column 1610:The other day I was looking up some records of the Parliamentary Debates of the past, and I found my hon. Friend the Member for Dundee (Mr. [Dingle] Foot), who is now clad in all the majesty of a Minister and sits on the Treasury bench without regard to his murky past, moved a Motion on one of those pleasant Fridays to which I have referred, […]
** 1976, Saul Bellow, To Jerusalem and Back: A Personal Account, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN, page 37:He is one of those bulky men clad in sensitivity.

##### Derived terms

* cladded (adjective)
* cladder
* cladding (noun)

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “clēthen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* 1 2 “clothe, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1891.
* ↑ “clōthen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ Compare “clad, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1889; “clad$^1$, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “clad, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1889; “clad$^2$, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Anagrams

* DACL

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From the root of claidid (“to dig”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [klað]

### Noun

clad m (genitive claid, nominative plural claid)
* ditch, trench
* earthwork

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: cladh, claí
* Manx: cleiy
* Scottish Gaelic: cladh
* ⇒ Middle Irish: cladaire
** Irish: cladhaire
** Scottish Gaelic: cladhaire

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clad”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language