# duro
## Aragonese
### Alternative forms

* dur

### Etymology

Akin to Spanish duro, from Latin dūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈduɾo/
* Rhymes: -uɾo
* Syllabification: du‧ro

### Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras)
* hard

### References

* “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Asturian
### Verb

duro
* first-person singular present indicative of durar

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish duro.

#### Noun

duro m (plural duros)
* (colloquial, historical) coin worth 5 pesetas

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

duro
* first-person singular present indicative of durar

### Further reading

* “duro”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈduɾʊ]

#### Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras)
* hard; rigid
    Antonyms: brando, mol
* tough, harsh
    John Wayne representaba o arquetípico tipo duro ― John Wayne played the archetypical tough guy part
* hard, tough (difficult)
    Synonym: difícil
** 2019 August 13, Ruth Fernández, “A lembranza dos avós”, in Galicia Hoxe‎, archived from the original on 26 October 2019:É moi duro dicir adeus, ese adeus para sempre que desgarra o corazón.It's very hard to say goodbye, that goodbye forever that breaks your heart.

##### Related terms

* durar
* dureza

#### Adverb

duro
* hard (with much force or effort)

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “duro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “duro”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “duro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “duro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “duro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

#### Further reading

* “duro”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

duro
* first-person singular present indicative of durar

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu.ro/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uro
* Hyphenation: dù‧ro

### Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duri, feminine plural dure, superlative durissimo)
* hard
* tough, harsh
* stringy (of food)
* full-size
* (vulgar, slang, referring to a penis) erect

#### Synonyms

* sodo
* solido
* turgido
* dritto
* eretto

#### Antonyms

* molle
* morbido
* moscio
* flaccido

#### Derived terms

* dura madre
* duramente
* durometro

#### Related terms

* durare
* durezza

### Verb

duro
* first-person singular present indicative of durare

### Noun

duro m (plural duri)
* hardness

### Anagrams

* udrò

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈduː.roː/, [ˈd̪uːroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈdu.ro/, [ˈd̪uːro]

### Etymology 1

From dūrus (“hard”) +‎ -ō (denominative).

#### Verb

dūrō (present infinitive dūrāre, perfect active dūrāvī, supine dūrātum); first conjugation
* (transitive) to harden, make hard
    Synonym: obdūrō
    Antonyms: lēniō, dēlēniō, commītigō, mītigō, levō, allevō, alleviō
* (intransitive) to last or endure
    Synonyms: maneō, cōnsistō, obdūrō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.207:Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.Endure, and preserve yourselves for better things.
* to dry
    Synonym: siccō
    Antonyms: rigō, imbuō, perfundō
* (Medieval Latin) to extend (to)
* (transitive) to make insensible, dull, blunt
* (transitive) to bear, endure, resist
    Synonyms: tolerō, sufferō, perferō, sustineō, admittō, perpetior, subeō, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, patiō, sustentō, ferō

##### Conjugation

$^1$At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

##### Derived terms

* dūrātiō
* ēdūrō
* indūrō
* obdūrō

##### Descendants

* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Dalmatian: dorur
** Italian: durare
** Venetan: durar
*** → Cimbrian: duraaran
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: durar
** Old French: durer (see there for further descendants)
** Old Occitan: durar
*** Occitan: durar
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: durar
** Old Galician-Portuguese: durar
*** Galician: durar
*** Portuguese: durar
** Spanish: durar
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: duroj

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

dūrō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of dūrus

### References

* “duro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “duro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "durare", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* duro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “durable”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC..

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu.ɾu/
* Rhymes: -uɾu
* Hyphenation: du‧ro

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

#### Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras, comparable, comparative mais duro, superlative o mais duro or duríssimo)
* hard (resistant to pressure; not soft)
** 1910, João Simões Lopes Neto, “No mais duro pau d'espinho”, in Cancioneiro Guasca:No mais duro pau d'espinho / Nasce uma rosa fragrante, / Quem não tem peito valoroso / Não conquista a lei de amante.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* hard (difficult; not easy)
** 1899, Machado de Assis, chapter XX, in Dom Casmurro‎, Obliqpress, published 2013:Era muito duro subir uma ladeira de joelhos; devia feril-os por força. A Terra-Santa ficava muito longe. As missas eram numerosas, podiam empenhar-me outra vez a alma....(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1927, Humberto de Campos, “O escravo coroado”, in O Brasil Anedótico:— Ah, meu senhor grande, — lamentava-se o mísero, — como é duro ser escravo!(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* unrelenting, unfriendly, severe, brutal, harsh
** 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:Proprietário e estabelecido por sua conta, o rapaz atirou-se à labutação ainda com mais ardor, possuindo-se de tal delírio de enriquecer, que afrontava resignado as mais duras provações.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 13th c., “Don Beeito, home duro”, João Airas de Santiago (lyrics)‎:Don Beeito, home duro, / foi beijar pelo obscuro / a mia senhor.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Brazil, colloquial) broke, penniless (with little or no money)
    Synonyms: limpo, liso, teso
* (Brazil, colloquial, of a penis) erect

##### Derived terms

* duramente

##### Related terms

* durar
* dureza

#### Adverb

duro (comparable, comparative mais duro, superlative o mais duro)
* hard
    Ele trabalha duro.He works hard.

#### Further reading

* “duro”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “duro”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025
* “duro”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “duro”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “duro”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “duro”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

duro
* first-person singular present indicative of durar

#### Further reading

* “duro”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈduɾo/ [ˈd̪u.ɾo]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -uɾo
* Syllabification: du‧ro

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

#### Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras, superlative durísimo)
* hard
    Antonym: blando
* firm, solid
* hard, difficult
* tough, resilient, strong
* harsh, cruel, severe
* unbearable, heavy
* rude, offensive
* mean, stingy, ungenerous
* rough, uncouth
* stiff, rigid
* (of a penis or person with a penis) hard, erect
* (cooking) hard-boiled
* (slang) hardcore
* (pornography) hardcore
* (Mexico) drunk, tipsy
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:borracho

##### Derived terms

* a buen hambre no hay pan duro
* a las duras y a las maduras
* a mucha hambre, no hay pan duro
* agua dura
* cabeciduro
* cabeza dura
* disco duro
* durillo
* duro de pelar
* hacerse el duro
* huevo duro
* línea dura
* mano dura
* núcleo duro
* paladar duro
* puro y duro
* tapa dura

##### Related terms

* durar
* dureza
* endurecer

#### Noun

duro m (plural duros)
* hardball (i.e. a no-nonsense attitude)
* (Spain, colloquial, historical) coin worth 5 pesetas
    Coordinate term: pela

##### Derived terms

* faltar el canto de un duro (“to be a close shave, to be a close call”)
* no importar lo duro, no importar cuan duro (“no matter how hard”)
* nadie da duros a pesetas (“you get what you pay for”)
* jugar duro (“to play hardball”)

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: duro

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

duro
* first-person singular present indicative of durar

### Further reading

* “duro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* rudo, urdo

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Compare turo.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈduɾoʔ/ [ˈd̪uː.ɾoʔ]
* Rhymes: -uɾoʔ
* Syllabification: du‧ro

### Noun

durò (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜇᜓ)
* act of pricking something with a pin (or another pointed instrument)
    Synonyms: pagduro, pagtusok, pagturok
* puncture; prick (made by a sharp point)
* poking with one's finger (especially with condescension)
* (figurative) condescension toward someone (especially accompanied by finger-pointing)

#### Derived terms

* duro-duro
* duruan
* duruin
* iduro
* magduro
* manduro
* pagduro

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* dúó (Oǹdó)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dú.ɾó/

### Verb

dúró
* (intransitive) to wait
    Ìyá mi ń dúró dè wọ́n. ― My mum's waiting for them.
* (intransitive) to stay
    Lásìkò kòrónà yìí a gbọ́dọ̀ dúró sílé. ― In these corona times we must stay at home.
* (intransitive) to stand
    Ó dúró bí igi. ― It stood like a tree.
    Òdòdó róòsù dúró fún ìfẹ́. ― The rose stands for love.

#### Usage notes

* used with dè (for)

#### Derived terms

* dá dúró
* ìdúró
* dúró ṣinṣin
* dúró gbọn-in gbọn-in