# 幽靈
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōulíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄌㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^1$ ling$^4$ / jau$^1$ leng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iu-lêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōulíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄌㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: youlíng
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^1$-ling$^2$
*** Yale: yōu-líng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouling
*** Palladius: юлин (julin)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$ ling$^4$ / jau$^1$ leng$^4$
*** Yale: yāu lìhng / yāu lèhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$ ling$^4$ / jau$^1$ leng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$ ling$^4$ / yeo$^1$ léng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/, /jɐu̯⁵⁵ lɛːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$丘陵 幽靈 / 幽灵
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-lêng
*** Tâi-lô: iu-lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuleeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jiw leng
Rime :
| Character | 幽 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 幽 (138) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 於虯切 | 郎丁切 |
| Baxter | 'jiw | leng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiɪu/ | /leŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨu/ | /leŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔieu/ | /lɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔjiw/ | /lɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiĕu/ | /leŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /iəu/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔieu/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yōu | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^1$ | ling$^4$ |

### Noun

幽靈
* specter; apparition; ghost

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鬼 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鬼, 鬼魂, 亡靈, 亡魂, 幽靈, 幽魂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鬼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鬼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鬼, 好兄弟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鬼 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鬼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鬼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鬼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鬼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 鬼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鬼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鬼, 二五子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 鬼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鬼, 矮老子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 鬼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 鬼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 鬼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 鬼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Oudomxay | 鬼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 鬼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鬼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鬼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鬼, 污糟嘢, 嗰啲嘢 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鬼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鬼, 好兄弟 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鬼 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鬼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鬼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鬼 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鬼, 鬼仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鬼, 鬼仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鬼, 鬼仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鬼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鬼, 鬼仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鬼 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鬼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鬼 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鬼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鬼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鬼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鬼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鬼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鬼仔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鬼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鬼, 好兄弟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鬼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鬼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鬼, 野客, 徐天老爺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鬼 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 鬼, 老本煙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鬼 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 鬼 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鬼, 矮路子, 浸老倌, 田几么, 田老倌 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 鬼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 鬼 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 鬼 |

#### Derived terms

* 家幽靈蛛 / 家幽灵蛛 (jiāyōulíngzhū)
* 幽靈蛛 / 幽灵蛛 (yōulíngzhū)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 幽霊(ゆうれい) (yūrei)
* → Okinawan: 幽霊(ゆーりー) (yūrī)
* → Korean: 유령(幽靈) (yuryeong)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 幽 | 靈 |
| ゆう Grade: S | れい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

幽(ゆう)靈(れい) • (yūrei)
* Kyūjitai form of 幽霊

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 幽 | 靈 |

### Noun

幽靈 • (yuryeong) (hangeul 유령)
* hanja form of 유령