# series
## English
### Etymology

Attested from the 1610s; borrowed from Latin seriēs, from serere (“to join together, bind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Related to desert, insert, sermon, and sorcerer.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /ˈsɪə.ɹiːz/
** Audio (Queensland):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈsɪɹiz/, /ˈsiɹiz/
** Audio (California):(file)
* (obsolete) IPA: /ˈsɪəɹɪ.ɪz/
* Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)iːz
* Homophones: Siri's, Siris, Ceres

### Noun

series (plural series or (obsolete) serieses)
* A number of things that follow on one after the other or are connected one after the other.
    Synonyms: chain, line, sequence, stream, succession; see also Thesaurus:sequence
    A series of seemingly inconsequential events led cumulatively to the fall of the company.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. […]. The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.
** 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
* (broadcasting) A television or radio program consisting of several episodes that are broadcast at regular intervals.
    Synonyms: show, program
    “Friends” was one of the most successful television series in recent years.
* (broadcasting, chiefly UK) Synonym of season (“one of the groups of episodes that together make up a whole series”)
    I enjoyed the third series of “Friends”.
* (Discuss this sense) (mathematics) The sequence of partial sums $\sum _{i=1}^{n}{a_{i}}$ of a given sequence a$_i$.
    The harmonic series has been much studied.
* (cricket, baseball) A group of matches between two sides, with the aim being to win more matches than the opposition.
    The Blue Jays are playing the Yankees in a four-game series.
* (zoology) An unranked taxon.
* (botany) A subdivision of a genus, a taxonomic rank below that of section (and subsection) but above that of species.
* (commerce) A parcel of rough diamonds of assorted qualities.
* (phonology) A set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature.

#### Usage notes

* (broadcasting): In North American English, a year-long group of episodes of a television or radio show is called a season, whereas the word series is a synonym of program or show.
* (mathematics): Beginning students often confuse series with sequence.

#### Synonyms

* serie (obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* actinium series
* alternating series
* alternating series test
* arthro-series
* binomial series
* chemical series
* continuity series
* convergent series
* decay series
* Dirichlet series
* divergent series
* electrochemical series
* electrostatic series
* Fourier cosine series
* Fourier series
* Fourier sine series
* gala-series
* galvanic series
* Grandi's series
* Hahn series
* harmonic series
* homologous series
* hydrogen spectral series
* infinite series
* in series
* Kempner series
* lacto series
* lacto-series
* lacunary series
* Lambert series
* Laurent series
* Maclaurin series
* Malling series
* (media, television) TV series
* mollu-series
* muco-series
* neogala-series
* neolacto-series
* Pickering series
* pre-series, preseries
* Ritz series
* schisto-series
* series circuit
* series dead space
* series finale
* series of tubes
* series original
* (electrical) series-wound
* spirometo-series
* subway series
* Taylor series
* Taylor's series
* television series
* ten-year series
* time series
* time series animation
* triboelectric series
* trigonometric series
* type series
* Volterra series
* arithmetic series
* Balmer series
* basic hypergeometric series
* Brackett series
* confluent hypergeometric series
* formal power series
* geometric series
* Humphreys series
* hypergeometric series
* Lyman series
* Paschen series
* Pfund series
* power series
* uranium series

#### Related terms

* serial
* seriate
* seriatim
* seriation

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: シリーズ (shirīzu)
* → Korean: 시리즈 (sirijeu)
* → Burmese: စီးရီး (ci:ri:)

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “series”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Further reading

* “series”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “series”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “series”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* reises, ressie, seiser

## Asturian
### Noun

series
* plural of serie

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [səˈɾi.əs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [seˈɾi.es]

### Verb

series
* second-person singular conditional of ser
* second-person singular conditional of ésser

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

series
* plural of serie

## Interlingua
### Noun

series
* plural of serie

## Latin
### Etymology

From serō (“to bind”) +‎ -iēs.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈse.ri.eːs/, [ˈs̠ɛrieːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈse.ri.es/, [ˈsɛːries]

### Noun

seriēs f (genitive seriēī); fifth declension
* a row
* a succession
* a series
* a chain

#### Declension

Fifth-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: sërë
* Asturian: serie
* Catalan: sèrie
* → English: series
** → Japanese: シリーズ
* → Esperanto: serio
* French: série
** → Dutch: serie
** → Polish: seria
** → Romanian: serie
** → Turkish: seri
** → Persian: سری (seri)
* → German: Serie
** → Ukrainian: се́рія (sérija)
* → Interlingua: serie
* Italian: serie
* Portuguese: série
* → Russian: се́рия (sérija)
** → Kazakh: серия (seriä)
* Sicilian: sèria
* Spanish: serie
* → Swedish: serie

### References

* “series”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “series”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "series", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* series in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Verb

series
* second-person singular present subjunctive of seriar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɾjes/ [ˈse.ɾjes]
* Rhymes: -eɾjes
* Syllabification: se‧ries

### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

series f pl
* plural of serie

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

series
* second-person singular present subjunctive of seriar

## Swedish
### Noun

series
* indefinite genitive singular of serie
series c
* Obsolete form of serie.