# her
## Translingual
### Symbol

her
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Herero.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Herero terms

## English
### Alternative forms

* herė

### Etymology

From Middle English here, hir, hire, from Old English hire (“her”), from Proto-Germanic *hezōi (dative and genitive singular of *hijō).
Cognate with North Frisian hör, Saterland Frisian hier, hiere (“her”), West Frisian har (“her”), Dutch haar (“her”), German Low German hör (“her”), German ihr (“her”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhɜː/, unstressed IPA: /ə/
* (US) IPA: /ˈhɝ/, [hɹ̩] unstressed IPA: /ɚ/, [ɹ̩]
* (Canada) IPA: [ˈhɚː], unstressed IPA: [ɚ]
** (Dialectal) IPA: [ˈ(h)əɹ]
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Scotland) IPA: /hɛr/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /høː/
* (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA: /heː/
* (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA: /hɛː/
* (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA: /hɜː(ɹ)/
* Homophones: hair, hare (both fair–fur merger); a (non-rhotic, unstressed form)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)

### Determiner

her
* Belonging to her (belonging to that female person or animal, or in poetic or old-fashioned language that ship, city, season, etc).
    This is her book
** 1928, The Journal of the American Dental Association, page 765:Prodigal in everything, summer spreads her blessings with lavish unconcern, and waving her magic wand across the landscape of the world, she bids the sons of men to enter in [...]
** 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 1:Her crew knew that deep in her heart beat engines fit and able to push her blunt old nose ahead at a sweet fourteen knots, come Hell or high water.
** 2001, Betsy Gould Hearne, Wishes, Kisses, and Pigs, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 78:On top of the circle she wrote her name, Louise, just above where the 12 on a clock would be.
** 2010, Andrew Lambert, Nelson: Britannia's God of War, Faber & Faber, →ISBN:On 24 April Nelson rejoined his ship, her battle damage repaired […]
* Belonging to a person of unspecified gender (to counterbalance the traditional "his" in this sense).
** 2017, David Yellin, Essentials of Integrating the Language Arts, page 115:Begin by having students choose a short poem to memorize; they will enjoy searching the library for a poem that appeals to them. If a student wishes to memorize her poem and share it aloud with the rest of the class, suggest a buddy system.

#### See also

Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are in italics.
personal pronounpossessive pronounpossessive determiner
subjective
objective
reflexive
first personsingular
I me (colloquial)memyself me mysenminemy mine (before vowels, archaic) me
plural
weusourselves ourself oursenoursour
second personsingular
standard (historically formal)
youyouyourself yoursenyours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)your
archaic (historically informal)
thoutheethyself theeself thysenthinethy thine (before vowels)
plural
standard
you ye (archaic)youyourselvesyours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)your
colloquial
you all y'all you guysyou all y'all you guysy'allselvesy'all's you guys' your guys' (proscribed)y'all's your all's (nonstandard) you guys' your guys' (proscribed)
informal / dialectal
(see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third person
singular
masculine
hehimhimself hisself (archaic) hissenhis hisn (obsolete outside dialects)his
feminine
sheherherself hersenhers hern (obsolete outside dialects)her
neuter
it hitit hititself hitselfits his (archaic)its his (archaic) hits
genderless
theythemthemself, themselvestheirstheir
nonspecific (formal)
oneoneoneself–one's
plural
theythem hem, 'emthemselves theirsentheirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects)their :

### Pronoun

her
* The form of she used after a preposition, as the object of a verb, or (colloquial) as a subject with a conjunction; that woman, that ship, etc, or (dialect) as a subject without a conjunction.
    Give it to her (after preposition)
    He wrote her a letter (indirect object)
    He treated her for a cold (direct object)
    Him and her went for a walk (with a conjunction; deprecated)
    Her's a bosting wench! (as a subject wihout a conjunction; dialect)
** February 1896, Ground-swells, by Jeannette H. Walworth, published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine; page 183:
    "Then what became of her?"
    "Her? Which ‘her’? The park is full of ‘hers’."
    "The lady with the green feathers in her hat. A big Gainsborough hat. I am quite sure it was Miss Hartuff."
** 1913, D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, Penguin Lawrence Edition, Penguin, published 1994, →ISBN, page 213:“I’ll bet ’er wor a toe-rag,” said Morel, following up his joke. ¶ “Don’t you be so cheeky about a queen,” said Annie.
** 1950, C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe:"It's all right," he was shouting. "Come out, Mrs. Beaver. Come out, Sons and Daughters of Adam and Eve. It's all right! It isn't her!" This was bad grammar of course, but that is how beavers talk when they are excited; I mean, in Narnia—in our world they usually don't talk at all.
** 2013, James Tully, The Crimes of Charlotte Brontë:Every day I had to watch as him and her went off for long walks together, and each night I had to go to my lonely, cold bed with the thought that they were sharing the same one […]

#### Derived terms

* 'er
* God rest her soul
* I hardly even know her
* I hardly know her
* kiss-her-in-the-buttery
* let her rip
* peace be upon her
* put her there

#### Translations
### Noun

her (plural hers)
* (informal) A female person or animal.
    I think this bird is a him, but it may be a her.
** 1986, Hélène Cixous, Sorties (translated)
    […] daring dizzying passages in other, fleeting and passionate dwellings within the hims and hers whom she inhabits […]
** 2004, Charles J. Sullivan, Love and Survival, page 68:By this time, she had so many questions, but she only hit him up for one answer about those “hims” and “hers.” She asked, “Do both hims and hers reproduce hummers?”

#### Synonyms

* she

### Anagrams

* EHR, Ehr, HRE, reh

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* heru, hjeru

### Etymology

From Latin ferrum. Compare Daco-Romanian fier, Spanish hierro.

### Noun

her n (plural heari or heare)
* iron

#### Related terms

* hirar

## Cornish
### Noun

her
* Mixed mutation of ger.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɛr]

### Noun

her f
* genitive plural of hra

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse hér.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛr/, [hɛɐ̯], [heɐ̯]

### Adverb

her
* here

#### Related terms

* herefter
* herfra
* herhen
* hermed
* herover
* herved

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch her. Cognate with Old High German hera (“hither”) and likely Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐍂𐌹 (hiri).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦɛr/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

her
* (obsolete outside fixed expressions) here
* (obsolete outside fixed expressions) hither

#### Usage notes

* Not in common usage, "hier" is rather used. "her" is only used in expressions like the ones below.

#### Derived terms

* her en der (“here and there, hither and thither”)
* herkomst
* oudsher
* van hot naar her (“from pillar to post, here, there and everywhere”)

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /heːɹ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse hér.

#### Adverb

her
* here

### Etymology 2

From herur.

#### Noun

her
* indefinite accusative singular of herur

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German her, from Old High German hera. Cognate to German Low German her.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /heːr/, [heːɐ̯], [hɛɐ̯]
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: Heer, hehr, Herr (common merger)
* Rhymes: -eːɐ̯

### Adverb

her
* hither, to this place, to here, to me/us
    Komm her!Come here!
* ago
    Es ist zehn Jahre her, dass ich das letzte Mal Auto gefahren bin.Ten years ago was the last time I drove a car.

#### Antonyms

* hin

#### Derived terms

* heran
* heraus
* herbei
* herein
* herüber
* hervor
* hierher
* woher

#### See also

* her-

### Further reading

* “her” in Duden online
* “her” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Gothic
### Romanization

hēr
* Romanization of 𐌷𐌴𐍂

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse herr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛːr/
* Rhymes: -ɛːr

### Noun

her m (genitive singular hers, nominative plural herir or (archaic/obsolete) herjar)
* army, military

#### Declension

$^1$Archaic/obsolete.

#### Derived terms

* herbragð
* hergögn
* herkvaðning
* hermaður
* herstígvél
* þú og hvaða her

#### References

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
* Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “her”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
* Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið
* “her” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

## Limburgish
### Etymology

From hieër.

### Noun

her m
* vocative singular of hieër

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English hǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą.

#### Alternative forms

* er, hair, haire, har, hare, hær, hear, heere, heir, here, herre, heyr, hier, hor, hore

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛːr/, /heːr/

#### Noun

her (plural heres)
* (countable) a hair (follicular growth on the skin)
** c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:14, page 117v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:⁊ þe heed of him ⁊ his heeris weren whiyt as whiyt wolle .· ⁊ as ſnow / ⁊ þe iȝen of him as flawme of fier .·And his head and his hairs were white, like white wool or snow, and his eyes were like fire's flame.
** 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:Tho rad he me how sāpson lost his heeres(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (uncountable) hair (follicular growths on the skin)
** a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.
* pelt, hide, animal skin
* Something similar in appearance to hair (e.g. a botanical hair)
* (figurative) small part, any part (of a person)

##### Related terms

* hors her
* hery

##### Descendants

* English: hair
** → Russian: хаер (xajer)
** →⇒ Russian: хайратник (xajratnik)
* Scots: hair, hayr, hare
* Yola: haar

#### References

* “hēr, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-16.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old English hēr, *hǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.

#### Alternative forms

* ar, er, ere, hare, hær, hære, heir, here, herre, hier, hiere, hir, hire, hyer, hyre

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /heːr/, /hɛːr/

#### Adverb

her
* here

##### Descendants

* English: here
* Scots: here, her
* Yola: here, haar

#### References

* “hẹ̄r, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3
#### Determiner

her
* Alternative form of hire (“her”, genitive)

#### Pronoun

her
* Alternative form of hire (“hers”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronoun

her
* Alternative form of hire (“her”, object)

### Etymology 5
#### Determiner

her
* Alternative form of here (“their”)

### Etymology 6
#### Adjective

her
* Alternative form of here (“pleasant”)

### Etymology 7
#### Noun

her (plural heres)
* Alternative form of here (“haircloth”)

### Etymology 8
#### Noun

her
* Alternative form of herre (“hinge”)

### Etymology 9
#### Noun

her
* Alternative form of here (“army”)

### Etymology 10
#### Noun

her (plural heres)
* Alternative form of heir (“heir”)

### Etymology 11
#### Verb

her
* Alternative form of heren (“to hear”)

### Etymology 12
#### Adjective

her
* comparative degree of he (“high”)

## North Frisian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

her
* her: third-person singular, feminine, objective
* her: third-person singular, feminine, possessive

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

her
* inflection of haa:
** first/third-person singular preterite
** plural preterite
** past participle

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas.

### Adverb

| Central Kurdish | هەر (her) |
| Southern Kurdish | هەر (her) |
her
* every, each
    herkeseveryone
* ever, always
    Her bi jî!Long live! (lit. "Ever live!")

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse hér.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hæːr/

### Adverb

her
* here

#### Derived terms

* herfra, herifra

#### References

* “her” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hæːr/, /heːr/
* Homophone: hær

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse hér.

#### Adverb

her
* here
    Det er fint å vera her.It's nice to be here.
* just now, recently
    Eg såg ho her ein dag.I saw her just the other day.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

her m (definite singular heren, indefinite plural herar, definite plural herane)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of hær

### References

* “her” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* ᚻᛖᚱ (her) — Franks Casket

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xeːr/, [heːr]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r, apparently from the stem *hi- (“this”); the exact formation is unclear. Cognate with Old Saxon hēr, Old High German hiar, Old Norse hér, Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐍂 (hēr).

#### Adverb

hēr
* here
** late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 46:2
    God hine ġehīerde and cleopode hine and cwæþ tō him, "Iācōb, Iācōb"! And hē him andswarode and cwæþ, "Hēr iċ eom!"God heard him and called out, "Jacob, Jacob!" And he answered him and said, "Here I am!"

##### Descendants

* Middle English: her, here, heer
** English: here
** Scots: her, here

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

hēr n
* Alternative form of hǣr

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hār. Cognates include Old English hǣr, Old Saxon hār and Old Dutch hār.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈheːr/, [ˈhɛːr]

### Noun

hēr n
* hair

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: hiar
    Goesharde: heer, häär
    Halligen: heer
    Heligoland: Hear
    Mooring: häär
    Sylt: Hiir
    Wiedingharde: heer
* Saterland Frisian: Híer
* West Frisian: hier

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old High German
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hairaz.

#### Adjective

hēr (comparative hērro or hērōro)
* gray-haired, old
* noble, venerable

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: hēr
** German: hehr

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.

#### Pronoun

her
* (northern dialects) Alternative form of er

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: hër, he
** Central Franconian:
*** Moselle Franconian: ä, en (from the accusative)
    Eifelisch: hän, hen, en
**** Luxembourgish: hien, en
*** Ripuarian:
    Aachensch: he
    Kölsch: hä, ä
** East Central German:
    Lusatian-New Marchian: hä
    Thuringian:
       North Thuringian: he, hä
** Rhine Franconian:
    Hessian:
       Low Hessian: he, hä
       South Hessian: he
** Vilamovian: hār

## Old Norse
### Noun

her
* accusative/dative singular of herr

## Salar
### Etymology

From Persian هر (har). Cognate with Bengali হর (hor, “every”), Latin salvus (“safe, whole”), Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “complete, whole”).

### Pronunciation

* (Jiezi, Gaizi, Mengda, Chahandusi, Hanbahe, Baizhuang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [her]
* (Mengda, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [heɹ]
* (Baizhuang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [hær]
* (Qingshui, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [hɑ]

### Adjective

her
* every

#### Derived terms

* her gün (“every day”)

### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “her”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 333-334

## Spanish
### Verb

her
* Obsolete spelling of hacer.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “her”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish هر, from Persian هر (har). Cognate with Bengali হর (hor, “every”), Latin salvus (“safe, whole”), Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “complete, whole”). Doublet of salvo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hæɾ/, /heɾ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -æɾ

### Determiner

her
* every
* each

## Volapük
### Noun

her (nominative plural hers)
* hair

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

## Welsh
### Etymology

Compare English here, used in an interjectory sense as in "here! shoo! go on!"

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛr/

### Noun

her f (plural heriau, not mutable)
* challenge

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “her”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yola
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛr/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English here, from Old English hire, from Proto-West Germanic *heʀē.

#### Pronoun

her
* her
** 1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, pages 102:A portion ich gae her, was (it's now ich have ee-tolth)The portion I gave her was (it's now I have told)

### Etymology 2

From Middle English hire, from Old English hire, from Proto-West Germanic *heʀā.

#### Determiner

her
* her
** 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 6:An awi gome her egges wi a wheel an car taape,And away went her eggs, with the car overset.
** 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 8:Shu ztaared, clappu her baashes an up wi punaan,She stared, clapped her palms, and up with lament,

### References

* ↑ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867
* 1 2 Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

## Zazaki
### Etymology 1

Related to Persian هر (har).

#### Adjective

her
* each

### Etymology 2

Related to Persian خر (xar).

#### Noun

her
* donkey