# جبل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Compare Ugaritic 𐎂𐎁𐎍 (gbl), Biblical Hebrew גְּבוּל (gəḇūl, “border”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.bal/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

جَبَل • (jabal) m (plural جِبَال (jibāl) or أَجْبَال (ʔajbāl))
* mountain
* mountains, mountain range

##### Derived terms

* جَبَل النَّار (jabal an-nār)
* جَبَل جَلِيد (jabal jalīd)
* جَبَل سِينَا (jabal sīnā)
* جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq)
* جِبَال الأَلْب (jibāl al-ʔalb)
* جِبَال الْأُورَاس (jibāl al-ʔūrās)

##### Related terms

* جَبَلَاوِيّ (jabalāwiyy, “mountaineer, Gabalawi”)
* جَبَلَايَة (jabalāya, “grotto, cave”)
* جَبَلِيّ (jabaliyy, “mountainous, highlander”)

##### Descendants

* →⇒ Sicilian: Muncibbeḍḍu

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.ba.la/

#### Verb

جَبَلَ • (jabala) I (non-past يَجْبُلُ (yajbulu) or يَجْبِلُ (yajbilu), verbal noun جَبْل (jabl))
* to mold, to form, to shape, to fashion
* to knead
* to create

##### Related terms

* جِبْلَة (jibla, “natural disposition”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒabl/

#### Noun

جَبْل • (jabl) m
* verbal noun of جَبَلَ (jabala) (form I)
** creation
** formation
** kneading

##### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “جبل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 241
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جبل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “جبل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 164

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَبَل (jabal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒbal/

### Noun

جبل • (jbal) m (plural جبال (jbāl) or جبولة (jbūla))
* mountain

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic جَبَل (jabal).

### Noun

جبل • (cebel)
* mountain, hill
    Synonym: داغ (dağ)
* a mountainous place; hill country

#### Descendants

* Turkish: cebel

### References

* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “cebel”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 157
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جبل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 537

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَبَل (jabal).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒa.ˈβal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.bǽl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.bǽl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒä.bǽl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒä.bǽl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæ.bǽl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.bǽl]

### Noun

جبل • (jabal)
* mountain

#### Related terms

* جبل‌الطارق

## Sindhi
### Etymology

From Arabic جَبَل (jabal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʑəbəlʊ]

### Noun

جَبَلُ • (jabalu) ? (Devanagari जबलु)
* mountain

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَبَل (jabal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒa.bal/, [ˈʒa.bal]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جبل • (jabal) m (plural جبال (jbāl))
* hill, mountain
    سلسلة جبال ― silsilet jbāl ― mountain range
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### See also

* تل (tall, “hill, mound”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَبَل (jabal).

### Noun

جبل • (jabal) m (Hindi spelling जबल)
* mountain

#### Synonyms

* کوہ (koh)
* پہاڑ
* پروت