# roer
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch roer, roeder, from Middle Dutch roeder, from Old Dutch *ruother, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

roer (plural roers, diminutive roertjie)
* A rifle, a gun.
* A rudder.

## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* royer

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rōdere, ultimately form Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

### Verb

roer
* to gnaw (to bite something persistently)

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From ro (“to row”) +‎ -er.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːər/, [ˈʁoːˀɐ]

#### Noun

roer c (singular definite roeren, plural indefinite roere)
* rower
* oarsman, oarswoman

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːər/, [ˈʁoːɐ]

#### Noun

roer c
* indefinite plural of roe (“beet, rutabaga, turnip”)

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rur/, [ruːr]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: roer
* Rhymes: -ur

### Etymology 1

From a contraction of earlier roeder, from Middle Dutch roeder, from Old Dutch *ruother, from Proto-West Germanic *rōþr, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą.
Cognate with West Frisian roer, German Ruder, English rudder.

#### Noun

roer n (plural roeren, diminutive roertje n)
* a boat's wheel
* a rudder, device to steer a vessel
* (figuratively) (used absolutely, with the definite article: het roer) control
    aan het roer staan — to have (situation, etc.) under control, to be in charge

##### Derived terms

* roerganger
* roerwiel

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: roer
* → Russian: руль (rulʹ)
** → Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)
** → Azerbaijani: rul
** → Georgian: რული (ruli)
** → Kazakh: рөл (röl)
** → Persian: رل (rol)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch roer, from Proto-Germanic *rauzą (“tube”). Cognate with German Rohr. The modern Dutch -oe- instead of expected -oo- is unexplained.

#### Noun

roer n (plural roeren, diminutive roertje n)
* (historical) light musket, matchlock gun
    Synonym: vuurroer

##### Derived terms

* blaasroer
* roerdrager
* vuurroer

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: roer
* Jersey Dutch: rûr
* Negerhollands: roer, ru

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

roer
* inflection of roeren:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese roer, inherited from Latin rōdere, ultimately form Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roˈeɾ/

### Verb

roer (first-person singular present roio, first-person singular preterite roín, past participle roído) roer (first-person singular present roo, first-person singular preterite roim or roí, past participle roído, reintegrationist norm)
* (transitive) to gnaw, to nibble, to bite
** 1555, Hernán Núñez, Refranes en Romance:As veces ruyn gadela roy boa correaSometimes a bad bitch gnaws a good leash
** 1697, several authors, Fiestas Minervales, Santiago: Antonio Frayz, page 34:Dubido do que farei / Para saír desta enfeita / Maxino roer as uñas / E bourar mui ben na testaI'm dubious on what to do / To exit of this preparation / I imagine myself biting my nails / And ably beating my head
** 1862, Manuel Magariños, Ferro-carril Compostelano:Cada vez a cousa engorda, como que incha a ollos vistos, Pro, si incha, non estoura; como o pelexo enteirizo da castaña agüenta e fofa pra levála o enemincho; Cando máis, si algo rebenta, e arregaña, é o ourizo, pra guindar limpa a castaña e roer fruto tan ricoThe thing grows at every time, as it swells in plain sight, but, although it swells, it does not burst; as the one-piece peel of the soft watery chestnuts you take to an enemy; at most, if something pops and cracks is the burr, to throw clean the chestnut and nibble such a rich fruit
* (transitive) to corrode

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* hai que roelo (“we/you/they must endure it”, literally “(you/we) should gnaw it”)

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “roer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “roer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “roer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “roer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From ro (“row”) +‎ -er.

#### Noun

roer m (definite singular roeren, indefinite plural roere, definite plural roerne)
* an oarsman, rower

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

roer
* present of roe

### References

* “roer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese roer, from Latin rōdere, ultimately form Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [hoˈe(h)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [hʊˈe(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈhwe(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [hoˈe(h)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [hʊˈe(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈhwe(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʁoˈe(ɾ)/ [hoˈe(ɾ)], /ʁuˈe(ɾ)/ [hʊˈe(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ɾ)/ [ˈhwe(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [χoˈe(χ)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [χʊˈe(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈχwe(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʁoˈe(ɻ)/ [hoˈe(ɻ)], /ʁuˈe(ɻ)/ [hʊˈe(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ɻ)/ [ˈhwe(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁweɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁweɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁwe.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: ro‧er

### Verb

roer (first-person singular present roo, first-person singular preterite roí, past participle roído)
* to gnaw
** 1917, Raul Brandão, Húmus, 2ª edição
    Ouço sempre o mesmo ruido de morte que devagar roe e persiste...I always hear the same slowly gnawing and persistent noise of death...
    O rato está roendo. ― The mouse is gnawing.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Superseded.

#### Derived terms

* osso duro de roer

#### Related terms

* roedor
* corroer

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish roer, inherited from Latin rōdere, ultimately form Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“gnaw, scrape, scratch”). Related to English rodent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roˈeɾ/ [roˈeɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: ro‧er

### Verb

roer (first-person singular present roo or roigo or royo, first-person singular preterite roí, past participle roído)
* to gnaw
* to pick at
* to wear down

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* hueso duro de roer (“tough cookie, tough nut to crack”)
* roedor

#### Related terms

* roso

### Further reading

* “roer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10