# hamburger
## English
### Alternative forms

* hamburgher (dated)

### Etymology

Shortening of Hamburger sandwich, Hamburger steak, etc.; or, less likely, borrowed from German Hamburger (“native of Hamburg”), equivalent to Hamburg +‎ -er. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈhæmˌbɜː.ɡə/, /ˈhæm.bə.ɡə/
* (US) IPA: /ˈhæmˌbɝ.ɡɚ/, /ˈhæm.bɚ.ɡɚ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

hamburger (countable and uncountable, plural hamburgers)
* A hot sandwich consisting of a patty of cooked ground beef or a meat substitute, in a sliced bun, usually also containing salad vegetables, condiments, or both.
* The patty used in such a sandwich.
* (uncountable) Ground beef, especially that intended to be made into hamburgers.
* (US, colloquial, somewhat crude) An animal or human, or the flesh thereof, that has been badly injured as a result of an accident or conflict.
    The truck hit the deer and turned it into hamburger.
    I'm going to make you into hamburger if you do that again.
* (graphical user interface) Short for hamburger button.
    Coordinate terms: meatball, kebab, bento
* (US, education, informal) Describing the shape of a rectangular piece of paper folded in half so that it forms a short rectangle.
    Coordinate term: hot dog

#### Synonyms

* liberty sandwich (US, historical)
* (sandwich): beefburger
* (patty): hamburger patty

#### Hypernyms

* (sandwich): burger

#### Hyponyms

(sandwich, patty):
* slider
* quarter-pounder
* cheeseburger

#### Coordinate terms

(sandwich, patty):
* chicken burger
* vegeburger
* soyburger

#### Derived terms

* $100 hamburger
* burger
* cheeseburger
* cheesehamburger
* Chinese hamburger
* gardenburger
* Gomez's Hamburger
* hamburger button
* hamburger icon
* hamburger menu
* hamburgerology
* hamburger sauce
* hamburger steak
* hot hamburger sandwich
* hundred-dollar hamburger
* soyburger
* vegeburger
* vegetarian hamburger

#### Descendants

* → Burmese: ဟမ်ဘာဂါ (hambhaga)
* → Dutch: hamburger
* → Estonian: hamburger
* → French: hamburger m
* → German: Hamburger m
** → Bulgarian: хамбургер (hamburger)
* → Hungarian: hamburger
* → Japanese: ハンバーガー
* → Italian: hamburger m
* → Khmer: ហាំប៊ឺហ្គឺ (hambɨɨgɨɨ)
* → Korean: 햄버거 (haembeogeo)
* → Macedonian: хамбургер (hamburger)
* → Mongolian: хамбургер (xamburger)
* → Persian: همبرگر
* → Polish: hamburger
* → Portuguese: hambúrguer m
* → Romanian: hamburger m
* → Russian: га́мбургер (gámburger)
** → Mongolian: гамбургер (gamburger)
* → Swahili: hambaga
* → Thai: แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ (hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə)
* → Turkish: hamburger
* → Ukrainian: га́мбургер (hámburher)
* → Vietnamese: hăm-bơ-gơ

#### See also

* 🍔 (hamburger emoji)

### Verb

hamburger (third-person singular simple present hamburgers, present participle hamburgering, simple past and past participle hamburgered)
* To badly injure or damage.
** 1944, C. G. Morris, Hugh B. Cave, “The Fightin’est Ship”: The Story of the Cruiser “Helena”, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, page 62:The men played baseball on coral diamonds that tore their shoes and clothes and hamburgered their hands.
** 1981, John Nichols, The Nirvana Blues, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 283:And his tires triggered no Claymore mines or Bouncing Betties that might have hamburgered his vehicle with him in it.
** 1994, Beatrice Sparks (falsely indicated as editor), It Happened to Nancy: By an Anonymous Teenager, a True Story from Her Diary, Avon Books, published 2005, →ISBN, page 133:My tears are like gagged pieces of ice cutting up my eyeballs and hamburgering my face.
** 2014, Shannon Galpin, Mountain to Mountain: A Journey of Adventure and Activism for the Women of Afghanistan, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, page 47:It’s a trail that has taken more than its fair share of blood, my first flat tire, and hamburgered my entire forearm on a descent.
** 2019, Christopher McDougall, Running with Sherman: The Donkey with the Heart of a Hero, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 51:Ken broke three fingers and hamburgered his legs, but he still got to his feet, chased down his burro, and continued on to the finish line.
** 2020, Lynn Stansbury, Crossing the Divide, Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse:Why they didn’t both break their necks or get hamburgered by cloven hooves was a mystery.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦamburɡr̩]

### Noun

hamburger m inan
* hamburger (a hot sandwich consisting of a patty of cooked ground beef, in a sliced bun, sometimes also containing salad vegetables, condiments, or both)
    Synonym: hambáč

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “hamburger”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English hamburger.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ham‧bur‧ger

### Noun

hamburger m (plural hamburgers, diminutive hamburgertje n)
* hamburger

## Estonian
### Etymology

From English hamburger.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑm(ˌ)b̥urɡ̊er/, [ˈ(h)ɑm(ˌ)b̥urɡ̊er]
* Rhymes: -urɡer
* Hyphenation: ham‧bur‧ger

### Noun

hamburger (genitive hamburgeri, partitive hamburgerit or hamburgeri)
* hamburger
    Synonyms: burger, (colloquial) burks
* (colloquial) a sign resembling a multi-layered bun, under which a web page menu opens

#### Declension
### References

* hamburger in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## French
### Etymology

From English hamburger, from German Hamburger.

### Pronunciation

* (France) IPA: /ɑ̃.bœʁ.ɡœʁ/, /ɑ̃.buʁ.ɡɛʁ/, /ɑ̃.buʁ.ɡœʁ/, /am.bœʁ.ɡœʁ/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Audio (France, Normandy):(file)
* Audio (France, Avignon):(file)
* (Quebec, Missouri, New England, Louisiana) IPA: /ambɚɡɚ/
* Audio (Quebec, Montreal):(file)
* Rhymes: -œʁ, -ɚ
* Homophone: hamburgers

### Noun

hamburger m (plural hamburgers)
* hamburger
    Synonyms: burger, hambourgeois
    Hyponyms: cheeseburger, fishburger

### Further reading

* “hamburger” in the Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9th Edition (1992-).
* “hamburger” in Dictionnaire français en ligne Larousse.
* “hamburger” in Dictionnaire Le Robert.
* “hamburger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From English hamburger.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɒmburɡɛr]
* Hyphenation: ham‧bur‧ger
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Noun

hamburger (plural hamburgerek)
* hamburger (hot sandwich)
    Synonym: (clipping) hambi

#### Derived terms

* hambi
* hamburgeres
* hamburgerezik

#### Related terms

* burger
* sajtburger

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /amˈbur.ɡer/
* Rhymes: -urɡer

### Noun

hamburger m (invariable)
* patty
    Synonym: svizzera
* hamburger

### References

* ↑ hamburger in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From German Hamburger and English hamburger.

### Noun

hamburger m (definite singular hamburgeren, indefinite plural hamburgere, definite plural hamburgerne)
* a Hamburger (person from Hamburg)
    Hamburgerene i klassen snakket tysk.The Hamburgers in the class spoke German.
* a hamburger (fast food)
    Vil du ha pommes til hamburgeren?Do you want fries with your hamburger?

### See also

* hamburgar (Nynorsk)

### References

* “hamburger” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from American English hamburger.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xamˈbur.ɡɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -urɡɛr
* Syllabification: ham‧bur‧ger

### Noun

hamburger m animal (related adjective hamburgerowy)
* hamburger (ground beef, especially that intended to be made into hamburgers)
    Synonym: burger
    Hypernym: kotlet
* hamburger (hot sandwich consisting of a patty of cooked ground beef or a meat substitute, in a sliced bun, sometimes also containing salad vegetables, condiments, or both)
    Synonym: burger
    Hypernym: kanapka
    Hyponym: Big Mac
    Coordinate terms: cheeseburger, fishburger
* (derogatory, ethnic slur) burger (American person)

#### Derived terms

* hamburgerownia
* hamburgeryzacja

### Further reading

* hamburger in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* hamburger in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* hamburger in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English hamburger.

### Noun

hamburger m or f (plural hamburgers)
* Alternative spelling of hambúrguer

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English hamburger or French hamburger.

### Noun

hamburger m (plural hamburgeri)
* hamburger

#### Declension
## Turkish
### Etymology

From German Hamburger.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hɑm.ˈbuɾ.ɟæɾ]

### Noun

hamburger (definite accusative hamburgeri, plural hamburgerler)
* hamburger

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
hamburger
hamburgerler
definite accusative
hamburgeri
hamburgerleri
dative
hamburgere
hamburgerlere
locative
hamburgerde
hamburgerlerde
ablative
hamburgerden
hamburgerlerden
genitive
hamburgerin
hamburgerlerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
hamburgerim
hamburgerlerim
2nd singular
hamburgerin
hamburgerlerin
3rd singular
hamburgeri
hamburgerleri
1st plural
hamburgerimiz
hamburgerlerimiz
2nd plural
hamburgeriniz
hamburgerleriniz
3rd plural
hamburgerleri
hamburgerleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
hamburgerimi
hamburgerlerimi
2nd singular
hamburgerini
hamburgerlerini
3rd singular
hamburgerini
hamburgerlerini
1st plural
hamburgerimizi
hamburgerlerimizi
2nd plural
hamburgerinizi
hamburgerlerinizi
3rd plural
hamburgerlerini
hamburgerlerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
hamburgerime
hamburgerlerime
2nd singular
hamburgerine
hamburgerlerine
3rd singular
hamburgerine
hamburgerlerine
1st plural
hamburgerimize
hamburgerlerimize
2nd plural
hamburgerinize
hamburgerlerinize
3rd plural
hamburgerlerine
hamburgerlerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
hamburgerimde
hamburgerlerimde
2nd singular
hamburgerinde
hamburgerlerinde
3rd singular
hamburgerinde
hamburgerlerinde
1st plural
hamburgerimizde
hamburgerlerimizde
2nd plural
hamburgerinizde
hamburgerlerinizde
3rd plural
hamburgerlerinde
hamburgerlerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
hamburgerimden
hamburgerlerimden
2nd singular
hamburgerinden
hamburgerlerinden
3rd singular
hamburgerinden
hamburgerlerinden
1st plural
hamburgerimizden
hamburgerlerimizden
2nd plural
hamburgerinizden
hamburgerlerinizden
3rd plural
hamburgerlerinden
hamburgerlerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
hamburgerimin
hamburgerlerimin
2nd singular
hamburgerinin
hamburgerlerinin
3rd singular
hamburgerinin
hamburgerlerinin
1st plural
hamburgerimizin
hamburgerlerimizin
2nd plural
hamburgerinizin
hamburgerlerinizin
3rd plural
hamburgerlerinin
hamburgerlerinin :