# robot
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹəʊ.bɒt/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/
* Audio (California):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈɹəʉ.bɔt/
* Audio (Queensland):(file)
* (rare, dated) IPA: /ˈɹəʊ.bət/

### Etymology 1

From German Robot, from a West Slavic language, ultimately related to Etymology 2, below.

#### Noun

robot (uncountable)
* (now historical) A system of serfdom used in Central Europe, under which a tenant's rent was paid in forced labour. [from 19th c.]
** 1849, Littell's Living Age, volume 23, page 309:“I say again, down with the robot!—he is a dog who yields it!”
** 2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2008, page 159:Although the robot varied from region to region, it was rarely less than burdensome.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1920 science-fiction play R.U.R. by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef.

#### Noun

robot (plural robots)
* (chiefly science fiction) An intelligent mechanical being designed to look like a human or other creature, and usually made from metal. [from 20th c.]
** c. 1921 (date written), Karel Čapek, translated by Paul Selver, R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots): A Fantastic Melodrama […], Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1923, →OCLC, Act I, page 17:Young Rossum invented a worker with a minimum amount of requirements. He had to simplify him. He rejected everything that did not contribute directly to the progress of work—everything that makes man more expensive. In fact, he rejected man and made the Robot. My dear Miss Glory, the Robots are not people. Mechanically they are more perfect than we are, they have an enormously developed intelligence, but they have no soul.
** 2010 January 26, Tom Chivers, Iain McDiarmid, The Telegraph:The robots in Dick's novel, loosely adapted by Ridley Scott into the film Blade Runner, were so similar to humans that when they went rogue, trained bounty hunters were called in to perform psychological tests to see whether suspected androids lacked human empathy.
* A machine built to carry out some complex task or group of tasks by physically moving, especially one which can be programmed. [from 20th c.]
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:robot
    Hypernym: automaton
    Hyponym: android
    We have a robot in the house that does the vacuuming.
** 2010 May 16, Tim Webb, The Guardian:It's painfully slow and complex work which has never been attempted before in these conditions: the small box-shaped robots, equipped with two claws, are operating in almost freezing water 5,000ft below the surface, in pitch black and strong currents.
* (figuratively) A person who does not seem to have any emotions or individuality. [from 20th c.]
** 1973 December 22, Satya, “It Is Not We Who Must Change”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 27, page 3:Straight society tries to change us by several means. Most of the time, it is mental torture, though physical abuse is not uncommon. We are programmed to be straight starting from the day we are born, and every action, word, and feeling must conform to the straight image. If we DO decide to be free rather than to be robots, here are some of the consequences.
** 2006, Murray N. Rothbard, Making Economic Sense, page xiv:Yet surely he was a humorless robot of a man, spewing forth lonely and bitter critiques of all those lesser mortals with whom he could not identify.
* (South Africa) A traffic light (from earlier robot policeman). [from 20th c.]
* (surveying) A theodolite which follows the movements of a prism and can be used by a one-man crew.
* (dance) A style of dance popular in disco in which the dancer imitates the stiff movements of a stereotypical android robot.

##### Hyponyms

* swarm robot

##### Derived terms

* anthrobot
* antirobot
* biorobot
* biot
* -bot
* bot
* Brobot
* cobot
* frozen robot syndrome
* healthcare robot
* housebot
* kidnapped robot problem
* microrobot
* millirobot
* Mobot
* multirobot
* nanorobot
* robo-
* roboid
* robomb
* robot chess
* roboteer
* robotesque
* robotess
* robothood
* robotic
* roboticide
* roboticist
* robotics
* robotise
* robotism
* robotization
* robotize
* robot jockey
* robotkind
* robotless
* robotlike
* robotness
* robotocracy
* robotology
* robot revolution
* robotrix
* robotry
* robot tax
* soft robot
* telerobot
* Web robot
* Zogbot

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: رُوبُوت (rūbūt), رُوبُوط (rūbūṭ)
* → Hindi: रोबोट (roboṭ)
* → Japanese: ロボット (robotto)
* → Korean: 로봇 (robot)
* → Persian: رُبات (robât), روبات (rôbât)
* → Swahili: roboti
* → Welsh: robot

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 3

Referencing the origin of the name of the 4chan imageboard /r9k/ (created in 2008), so-called because it implements the ROBOT9000 algorithm by Randall Munroe to prevent the reposting of content.
Possibly overlapping with the sense of robot (“a person who does not seem to have any emotions”), alluding to autism, due to the prevalence of personal stories describing awkward or embarrassing situations on the board.

#### Noun

robot (plural robots)
* (Internet slang, 4chan) A habitual poster on the /r9k/ board on 4chan; a member of the /r9k/ community.
** 2015 October 1, David Kravets, “Ominous messages left on 4chan day before Oregon college killings [Updated]”, in Ars Technica‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-06:One anonymous message addressed to "fellow robots" hoped readers would have "an enjoyable Elliot Rodger day"—a reference to the shooter who killed six near a Santa Barbara university last year.
** 2015 October 3, Jay Hathaway, “How 4chan Trolled Two of Its Friends by Framing Them for the Oregon Mass Shooting”, in Gawker‎, archived from the original on 2022-11-20:Posters on the board are locked in an ongoing debate about who can be one of them— a "robot." Can white guys be robots, despite their privilege? Can black guys? Women love them! It goes on and on. Only one rule really seems to be agreed upon: "If you have no friends and no gf you are a robot."
** 2015 October 5, Justin Wm. Moyer, anonymous quotee, “Philadelphia colleges on alert after 4chan post threatens violence Monday”, in The Washington Post‎, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-06-24:It continued: "On October 5, 2015 at 1:00 p.m. CT, a fellow robot will take up arms against a university near Philadelphia. His cries will be heard, his victims will cower in fear, and the strength of the Union will decay a little more."
** 2019, Dale Beran, It Came from Something Awful: How a Toxic Troll Army Accidentally Memed Donald Trump into Office, New York, N.Y.: All Points Books, →ISBN:As /r9k/ robots posted and reposted Pepes to playfully mock their status as grotesque outsiders whose very visage was disturbing to "normies," they ushered in a renaissance of frogs that soon appealed to all the netizens who every year had a little more in common with withdrawn, internet-soaked hikikomori.

### See also

* android
* artificial intelligence
* computer
* cyborg
* domotics
* pedipulator
* robot revolution

### References

* ↑ Adams, Caralee (2021 March 24) “Major SciFi Discovery Hiding in Plain Sight at the Internet Archive”, in Internet Archive Blogs‎, Internet Archive

### Further reading

* robot on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “robot”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “robot”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* boort, torob

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrʊə̯.bɔt/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

robot (plural robotte)
* robot
* traffic light
** 1997, Riana Scheepers, Dogters van Afrika. Verhale oor Suid-Afrikaanse Vroue, Tafelberg (publ.).
    As die robotte na groen oorslaan, brul hulle en storm vorentoe.When the traffic lights switch to green, they roar and storm forward.

## Basque
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /robot/ [ro.β̞ot̪]
* Rhymes: -obot, -ot
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot anim
* robot

#### Related terms

* robotika
* robotiko

### Further reading

* “robot”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ruˈβɔt]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [roˈbɔt]
* Audio (Central):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔt

### Noun

robot m (plural robots)
* robot

#### Derived terms

* robot de cuina
* robòtica
* robotitzar

### Further reading

* “robot” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “robot”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “robot” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “robot” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English robot, from Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1921 science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot
* a machine built to carry out some complex task or group of tasks by physically moving, especially one which can be programmed
* an intelligent mechanical being designed to look like a human or other creature, and usually made from metal
* (figuratively) a person who does not seem to have any emotions
* a style of dance popular in disco whereby the dancer impersonates the movement of a robot

## Czech
### Etymology

From robota. Coined by Czech painter and writer Josef Čapek, it first appeared in the 1921 science-fiction play R.U.R. by his brother Karel Čapek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrobot]

### Noun

robot m anim
* robot (in humanoid form)

#### Declension
### Noun

robot m anim or m inan
* robot (in non-humanoid form)

#### Related terms

* rob m
* robit
* robota f
* robotický
* robotika f

#### Descendants

* → English: robot
** → Arabic: رُوبُوت (rūbūt), رُوبُوط (rūbūṭ)
** → Hindi: रोबोट (roboṭ)
** → Japanese: ロボット (robotto)
** → Korean: 로봇 (robot)
** → Persian: رُبات (robât), روبات (rôbât)
** → Swahili: roboti
** → Welsh: robot
* → French: robot
** → Italian: robot
** → Portuguese: robô
** → Romanian: robot
** → Turkish: robot

### Further reading

* “robot”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “robot”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “robot”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʁoˈbʌd]

### Noun

robot c (singular definite robotten, plural indefinite robotter)
* robot

### References

* “robot” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed, likely from German Robot, from Czech robot. The plural is likely influenced by English or French.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.bɔt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot m (plural robots or robotten, diminutive robotje n)
* robot [from 1921]
    Synonym: kunstmens

#### Derived terms

* robotarm
* robotauto
* robotvliegtuig

#### Related terms

* arbeid
* bot
* robotica
* robotisch

### Anagrams

* boort

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁɔ.bo/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

robot m (plural robots)
* robot
    Je ne suis pas un robot. ― I am not a robot.

#### Derived terms

* robot boulanger

#### Descendants

* → Italian: robot
* → Portuguese: robô
* → Romanian: robot
* → Turkish: robot

### Further reading

* “robot”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roˈbɔt/ [roˈβ̞ɔt̪]
* Rhymes: -ɔt
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot m (plural robots)
* robot

### References

* “robot”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrobot]
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot
* Rhymes: -ot

### Etymology 1

From Bavarian robat, robold, from Czech robota (“forced labour, drudgery”).

#### Noun

robot (plural robotok)
* (historical) socage, forced labour
* (figuratively) hard work, drudgery

##### Derived terms

* robotol
* robotos

### Etymology 2

From Czech robot, from robota (“forced labour, drudgery”). Coined in the 1921 science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek.

#### Noun

robot (plural robotok)
* robot

##### Derived terms

* robotember
* robotgép
* robotpilóta
* robotrepülőgép

### Further reading

* robot in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈrɔbɔt/ [ˈrɔ.bɔt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -ɔbɔt
* Syllabification: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot (plural robot-robot)
* robot

#### Derived terms

* perobotan

#### Related terms

* robotik
* robotika

### Further reading

* “robot” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roˈbo/$^{**}$, /ˈrɔ.bot/
* Rhymes: -o, -ɔbot
* Hyphenation: rò‧bot

### Noun

robot m (invariable)
* robot
* (computing) bot

#### Derived terms

* robot da cucina

### References

* ↑ robot in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* botro, torbo

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹʷoː.bʌt/
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot (plural robot dem, quantified robot)
* (slang) illegal taxi
    Mi n'ave nuh big money fi spen' pon taxi. See one robot a come deh. Mek wi tek it.I don't have a lot of money to spend on a cab. Here's an illegal taxi. Let's take that.
** 2013, “Robot – Patois Definition”, in Jamaican Patwah‎ (in English):“Slang expression for a vehicle that is operating as a taxi without the proper license that is required. […] ”

#### See also

* route taxi

### Further reading

* robot at JamaicanPatwah.com

## Latvian
### Verb

robot (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present roboju, robo, robo, past roboju)
* to notch
* to jag
* to make an incision (on)

#### Synonyms

* grubuļot
* izrobot

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Noun

robot m (definite singular roboten, indefinite plural roboter, definite plural robotene)
* robot

### References

* “robot” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Noun

robot m (definite singular roboten, indefinite plural robotar, definite plural robotane)
* robot

### References

* “robot” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔ.bɔt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔbɔt
* Syllabification: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot m animal (female equivalent (rare) robotka)
* robot

#### Derived terms

* robociarski
* robociarz
* robotyka

#### Related terms

* antyrobotniczy
* roboczy
* robotniczy
* robotny
* roboczo
* robocizna
* roboczodniówka
* roboczogodzina
* robota
* robotnica
* robotnik
* robotność
* robotyzacja
* robótka
* robić

### Further reading

* robot in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* robot in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French robot.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁoˈbo/ [hoˈbo]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁoˈbo/ [hoˈbo]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁoˈbo/ [χoˈbo]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁɔˈbo/ [ʁɔˈβo], /ʁoˈbo/ [ʁoˈβo]

### Noun

robot m (plural robots)
* (rare) Alternative spelling of robô

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Noun

robot m (plural roboți)
* robot

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rôbot/
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot

### Noun

rȍbot m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏бот)
* robot

#### Declension
## Slovene
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɔbóːt/

### Noun

robọ̑t m anim
* robot

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “robot”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “robot”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roˈbot/ [roˈβ̞ot̪]
* Rhymes: -ot
* Syllabification: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot m (plural robots)
* robot

#### Derived terms

* retrato robot
* robot de cocina

#### Related terms

* robótica f (“robotics”)
* robótico (“robotic”, adjective)

### Further reading

* “robot”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota. First attested in 1921. The weaponry sense attested since 1944.

### Noun

robot c
* a robot (machine that carries out complex tasks)
    Plåt-Niklas är en robotSheet-Niklas is a robot
* (weaponry) a missile, guided missile
    Synonym: missil
    Hypernym: robotvapen
    Hyponyms: kryssningsrobot, luftvärnsrobot, sjömålsrobot
    Holonym: robotsystem

#### Derived terms

(robot):
* industrirobot
* robotdammsugare
* robotgräsklippare
* robotkirurg
(weaponry):
* antiballistisk robot
* attackrobot
* ballistisk robot
* interkontinental ballistisk robot
* jaktrobot
* kryssningsrobot
* luftvärnsrobot
* målsökande robot
* robotattack
* robotkryssare
* sjömålsrobot

### References

* robot in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* robot in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈɾobot/ [ˈɾoː.bot̪̚]
* Rhymes: -obot
* Syllabification: ro‧bot

### Noun

robot (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜊᜓᜆ᜔)
* robot

### Further reading

* “robot”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾoˈbot/
* Hyphenation: ro‧bot
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

robot (definite accusative robotu, plural robotlar)
* robot [from 1933]
* Ellipsis of mutfak robotu (“food processor”).

#### Derived terms

* mutfak robotu
* robot çizim
* robot gibi
* robot resim
* robotik
* robotlaşmak

### Further reading

* “robot”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “robot”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “robot”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zo˧˧ ʔɓot̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐow˧˧ ʔɓok̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹow˧˧ ʔɓok̚˦˥]
* Phonetic spelling: rô bốt

### Noun

robot
* robot

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.

### Noun

robot m (plural robotiaid or robotau, not mutable)
* robot

#### Usage notes

The plural form robotiaid is preferred for humanoid robots or androids whereas the plural form robotau designates machines.

#### Derived terms

* robotaidd (“robotic”, adjective)
* roboteg f (“robotics”)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “robot”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies