# familia
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin familia.

### Noun

familia
* (biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below ordo and above genus.
* (taxonomy) A taxon at this rank.

## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin familia (“family”). Doublet of family.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fəˈmɪlɪə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophone: familiar (some non-rhotic accents)

### Noun

familia (plural familiae)
* (historical) A household or religious community under one head, regarded as a unit.
** 2007, Ada I. Engebrigtsen, Exploring Gypsiness, page 117:Joska's elder brother Phuro was, however, seen as the leader of his familia. As one of the oldest males in the hamlet, with a familia that consisted of sons, bora and sons-in-law, Phuro's position as head of his familia was given by his age and by his authority as father.
* (Roman law) The paterfamilias, his legitimate descendants and their wives, all persons adopted into his family and their wives, and all slaves belonging to the household.

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin familia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmilja/
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

### Noun

familia f (plural familias)
* family

## Asturian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin familia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmilja/ [faˈmi.lja]
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

### Noun

familia f (plural families)
* family

## Basque
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish familia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /familia/ [fa.mi.li.a]
* Rhymes: -ia, -a
* Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧li‧a

### Noun

familia anim
* family, lineage
    Synonym: sendi

#### Derived terms

* familia-harrera
* familia-liburu
* familia-mediku
* familiaburu
* familiarte (“relative”)
* familiarteko
* familiatu

### Further reading

* “familia”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “familia”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Chamorro
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish familia

### Noun

familia
* family

## Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
### Etymology

From Spanish familia.

### Noun

familia
* family

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From familio (“family”) +‎ -a (suffix indicating an adjective).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [famiˈlia]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧li‧a

### Adjective

familia (accusative singular familian, plural familiaj, accusative plural familiajn)
* familial; family (attributively)

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* família (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin familia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmilja/ [faˈmi.ljɐ]
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧lia

### Noun

familia f (plural familias)
* family

### Further reading

* “familia”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Indonesian
### Noun

familia (plural familia-familia)
* family

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian фамилия (familija).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈfɑmiliɑ/, [ˈfɑmiˌlʲiɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈfɑmilʲiɑ/, [ˈfɑmiˌlʲiɑ]
* Rhymes: -iɑ
* Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧li‧a

### Noun

familia
* Synonym of sukunimi

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 38

## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmi.lja/

### Noun

familia (plural familias)
* family

## Ladin
### Noun

familia f (plural families)
* family

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fameljā (“of the house → household”), from earlier *θameljā.
In view of the semantic shift illustrated in the cognates, famulus (“servant, slave”) (with Oscan 𐌚𐌀𐌌𐌄𐌋 (famel, “servile”)) is probably a backformation from it and not the other way around. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-eló-m (“fundament”), from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”). Cognate with Sanskrit धामन् (dhāman, “order; dwelling-place, temple; family”), Ancient Greek θεμέλιος (themélios, “of the foundation”), θέμις (thémis, “justice, law”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /faˈmi.li.a/, [fäˈmɪlʲiä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /faˈmi.li.a/, [fäˈmiːliä]

### Noun

familia f (genitive familiae or familiās); first declension
* a household (all persons subject to the control of one man (whether relations, freedmen or slaves))
* the slaves of a household, servants
* a group of slaves stationed in one place; a brigade, gang (used for some purpose)
** one's personal retinue
* a family, kin (a group of people closely related to one another)
    Synonym: domus
** Vulgate, Genesis 10.32:Hae familiae Nōē iū̆xtā populōs et nātiōnēs suās. Ab hīs dīvīsae sunt gentēs in Terrā post dīluvium.These are the families of Noah, according to their peoples and tribes. From them split the nations on Earth after the deluge.
* an intellectual school (e.g., of philosophy)
    Synonym: domus
* (law) an estate (sometimes distinct from pecūnia and possibly restricted to rēs mancipī)

#### Usage notes

According to Richard Saller, “[f]amilia was never used to mean ‘father, mother and children’ in our sense of ‘family’ today. It did have a technical, legal usage akin to ‘family’, but in common parlance most often meant ‘slave staff’, exclusive of the master's family.... The usual word for ‘family’ in the classical period was domus, which carried the general sense of ‘household’ including domestic slaves.”

#### Declension

First-declension noun.
The Old Latin genitive singular familiās is used pater familiās and similar expressions with fīlius, māter, and fīlia as the first element.

#### Holonyms

* gēns

#### Derived terms

* familiāris
* familiāriter
* familiola
* pater familias

#### Related terms

* familiārēscō
* familiāricus
* familiāritās
* famula
* famulanter
* famulātiō
* famulātus
* famulitium
* famulō
* famulor
* famultās
* famulus

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance
** Aromanian: fumealji, fumealje, fãmealji, fãmealje
** Megleno-Romanian: fumeaľă, fămęľă
** Romanian: femeie, fămeaiă, fămeie — archaic, fomeie, fimeie — Moldavia (region)
* Gallo-Italic
** Emilian:
** Ligurian: famìggia
** Lombard: fameja
** Piedmontese: famija
** Romagnol: famèja, famì
* Rhaeto-Romance
** Friulian: famee
** Romansch: fumegl, famagl, fameglia
* Venetan: fameja, famégia, famegia
** → Cimbrian: faméeja
* Aragonese: familha
* Italo-Dalmatian
** Corsican: famiglia, famidda, famighja
** Dalmatian: famalja
** Istriot: fameîa
** Italian: famiglia
*** → Cimbrian: famildja
*** → Maltese: familja
*** → Mòcheno: familia
*** → Ottoman Turkish: فاملیا
**** Turkish: familya
**** → Armenian: ֆամիլյա (familya)
*** → Romansch: famiglia
*** → Sardinian: famíglia
** Sicilian: famigghia

##### Borrowings

* → Albanian: fëmijë (earlier borrowing from a Vulgar Latin form), familje (later borrowing)
* → Alemannic German: Famiili
* → Asturian: familia
* → Basque: familia
* → Bavarian: Famij, Famülie
* → Dutch: familie
** Afrikaans: familie
** Berbice Creole Dutch: famili
** Negerhollands: familie, famili
** Petjo: fermilie
** → Indonesian: famili
** → Sranan Tongo: famiri
*** → Caribbean Javanese: famiri, pamili, pamiri
*** → Saramaccan: famíí
* → Dutch Low Saxon: femilie
* → English: familia, family
** Jamaican Creole: faambli, fambili
** Tok Pisin: famili
** Sranan Tongo: famiri
** → Chuukese: famini
** → Malay: famili
** → Maori: whāmere
* → Extremaduran: família
* → Galician: familia
* → German: Familie
** → Danish: familie
** → Kashubian: familëjô
** → Latvian: famīlija
** → Lower Sorbian: familija
** → Norwegian Bokmål: familie
** → Russian: фами́лия (famílija)
* → Hungarian: família
* → Kölsch: Famelisch
* → Macedonian: фамилија (familija)
* → Middle French: famille
** French: famille
*** Haitian Creole: fanmi
*** → Luxembourgish: Famill
*** Iranian Persian: فامیل (fâmil)
* → Norman: fanmil'ye, famîle (continental Normandy), fomille, famille (Guernsey), family (Sark), famille, fomille, famîle (continental Normandy), famille (Guernsey), family (Sark), fanmil'ye (Jersey), family
* → Mirandese: família
* → Old Occitan:
** Catalan: família
** Occitan: familha
* → Polish: familia
* → Portuguese: família
* → Romani: familija
* → Romanian: familie
* → Carpathian Rusyn: фамилія (famylija)
* → Saterland Frisian: Familie
* → Scots: faimlie, faimily
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Cyrillic script: фа̀мӣлија
** Latin script: fàmīlija
* → Spanish: familia
** → Cebuano: pamilya
** → Chamorro: familia
** → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: familia
** → Ilocano: pamilia
** → Tagalog: pamilya
** → Waray-Waray: pamilya
* → Swahili: familia
* → Swedish: familj
* → Walloon: famile
* → West Frisian: famylje

### References

* “familia” on page 740 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “famulus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
* ↑ Saller, Richard, Slavery and the Roman Family, in Finley, Moses I., ed., Classical Slavery (London: Frank Cass, cloth 1987 & 2000 (same ed.), reprinted 1999 →ISBN, p. 84

### Further reading

* “familia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “familia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "familia", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* familia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a sect, school of thought: schola, disciplina, familia; secta a theatrical company: familia, grex, caterva histrionum a band, troupe of gladiators under the management of a lanista: familia gladiatoria (Sest. 64. 134)
* “familia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “familia”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Leonese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmilja/, [faˈmi.lja]
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧lia

### Noun

familia f (plural familias)
* family

### References

* familia at the Diccionario Castellano-Leonés / Leonés-Castellano.
* familia at the Pallabeiru Llïonés.

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Italian famiglia, from Latin familia (“family; household”).

### Noun

familia f
* family

### References

* “familia” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* famielija (Near Masovian)
* famielijá, familijo (Przemyśl)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin familia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmi.lja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

### Noun

familia f (diminutive familijka, augmentative (dialectal) famuła, related adjective familijny)
* (dated) family
    Synonym: rodzina

#### Related terms

* familiarny
* familiarnie
* familijnie
* familiant
* familiantka
* familiarność
* familijność

### Further reading

* familia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* familia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Noun

familia f (plural familias)
* Obsolete spelling of família.

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [faˈmi.li.a]

### Noun

familia f
* definite singular nominative/accusative of familie

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin familia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈmilja/ [faˈmi.lja]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

### Noun

familia f (plural familias)
* family (a nuclear family)
* family (a grouping of things possessing common characteristics)

#### Hyponyms

* familia política

#### Derived terms

* abandono de familia
* cabeza de familia
* consejo de familia
* de buena familia
* de familia
* de la familia
* derecho de familia
* en familia
* familia de lenguas
* familia lingüística
* familia nuclear
* familia numerosa
* familia política
* foto de familia
* libro de familia
* madre de familia
* médico de familia
* miembro de la familia
* padre de familia
* venir de familia

#### Related terms

* familiar
* familiarizar

#### Descendants

* → Cebuano: pamilya
* → Chamorro: familia
* → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: familia
* → Ilocano: pamilia
* → Tagalog: pamilya
* → Waray-Waray: pamilya

#### Further reading

* “familia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese família, ultimately from Latin familia.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

familia class IX (plural familia class X)
* family
    Synonym: ayali
* (taxonomy) family

### References

* ↑ Harvey, Andrew (2014) “Epenthetic Vowels in Swahili Loanwords”, in Journal of Linguistics and Language in Education‎, volume 8, number 2, page 38 of 17-45: “origin is more likely to be Pt. "família"”