# عقرب
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳrab-. Compare Jewish Palestinian Aramaic עַקְרַבָּא (ʿaqraḇā), Classical Syriac ܥܶܩܰܪܒܳܐ (ʿeqarbā), Hebrew עַקְרָב (ʿaqrāḇ), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎖𐎗𐎁 (ʿqrb), Ge'ez ዐቅረብ (ʿäḳräb); attested as a Semitic word since Akkadian 𒀝𒊏𒁍 (aqrabu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaq.rab/
** (Kuwait) IPA: /ʕaɡ.rab/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /ʕaq.rab/

### Noun

عَقْرَب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عَقَارِب (ʕaqārib))
* scorpion
    الْعَقْرَب (al-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”)
* (astronomy) Scorpius, a constellation of the zodiac
* (astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion
* hour hand of a clock, so named from its ending in two prongs

#### Derived terms

* قَلْب اَلْعَقْرَب (qalb al-ʕaqrab) (Antares)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għakreb
* Moroccan Arabic: عقرب (ʕaqrab)
* → Armenian: աղրաբ (aġrab)
* → Azerbaijani: əqrəb / әгрәб
* → Khalaj: aqrab
* → Persian: عقرب ('aqrab)
* → Navarro-Aragonese: alacran
** Aragonese: alacrán, alicrán, arraclán, arriclán
* → Old Catalan: alacrà
** Catalan: alacrà, alicrà, aliacrà
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: alacran
** Portuguese: lacrau, lacraia, alacrau, alacrara
* → Old Spanish: alacran
** Spanish: alacrán
*** → Tagalog: alakdan
* → Swahili: akrabu
* → Ottoman Turkish: عقرب (ʼakreb)
** Turkish: akrep
** → Albanian: akrep
** → Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
** → Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)
* → Uzbek: aqrab

### References

* “Proto-Semitic root: *ʕaḳrab-; Number 2340” in Georgiy Starostin, Tower of Babel, Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin.

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaɡ.rab/

### Noun

عقرب • (ʕagrab) m (plural عَقارِب (ʕagārib))
* scorpion
* (astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion
* hour hand of a clock, so named from its ending in two prongs

## Khalaj
### Noun

عَقرَب (aqrab) (definite accusative عَقرَبؽ, plural عَقرَبلار)
* Arabic spelling of aqrab (“scorpion”)

#### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaq.rab/

### Noun

عقرب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عقارب (ʕqārib))
* scorpion

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab, “scorpion”), itself from Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳrab-.

### Noun

عقرب • (ʼakreb) (definite accusative عقربی (ʼakrebi), plural عقارب (ʼakarîb))
* scorpion, any of the arachnids in the order Scorpiones provided with pincers and a sting
    Synonym: كژدم (kejdum)
* hour hand, little hand, the short hand of a clock or watch face that indicates the hours
    Synonym: ساعت عقربی (saʼat ʼakrebi)
* (astronomy) Scorpius, a constellation of the zodiac in the southern celestial hemisphere
* (astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion covering October 23 - November 22

#### Derived terms

* اولمش عقرب صوقمز (ölmüş ʼakreb sokmaz, “a dead scorpion does not sting”)
* ساعت عقربی (saʼat ʼakrebi, “hour hand”)
* عقرب اوتی (ʼakreb otu, “scorpion's tail”)
* عقرب دلیكی (ʼakreb deliği, “scorpion's hole”)
* عقرب قویروغی (ʼakreb kuyruğu, “scorpioid”)
* عقرب پراچولی (ʼakreb paraçolü, “sternpost”)
* عقرب یاغی (ʼakreb yağı, “scorpion oil”)
* عقربان (ʼakrubân, “male scorpion”)
* عقربك (ʼakrebek, “little scorpion”)
* عقربه (ʼakrebe, “female scorpion”)
* عقربی (ʼakrebî, “scorpioid”)
* قلب العقرب (kalbüʼl-ʼakreb, “the star Antares”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: akrep
* → Albanian: akrep
* → Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
* → Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “عقرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 362
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “akrep”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 177
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “akreb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 29
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عقرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 854
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Scorpio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1521
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عقرب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3297
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “akrep”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عقرب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1311

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaq.ˈɾaβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäq.ɾǽb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäq.ɾǽb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäq.ɾǽb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäq.ɾǽb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæʁ.ɹǽb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäq.ɾǽb]

### Noun

عقرب • (aqrab) (plural عقرب‌ها (aqrab-hâ))
* scorpion
    Synonym: کژدم (každom)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 172:چو عقربیست بمه زلف او که بر جانم ازو بهر سر مو صد هزار نیش آیدčū aqrabē-st ba-mah zulf-i ō ki bar jānam az ō ba-har sar-i mō sad hazār nēš āyadThe tresses that are upon [the face of] my beloved are like a scorpion on the moon; A hundred thousand stings come from her from the end of every strand of hair.(Classical Persian transliteration)
* (astronomy) Scorpius (constellation)
* (astrology) Scorpio (zodiac)
* hour hand of a clock

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عقرب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaq.rab/, [ˈʕɑq.rˤɑb]

### Noun

عقرب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عقارب (ʕaqārib))
* scorpion
* (astrology) Scorpio

#### See also

Zodiac signs in South Levantine Arabic · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj) (layout · text) :
| الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”) | التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”) | الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”) | السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”) |
| الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”) | العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”) | الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”) | العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”) |
| القوس (il-qōs, “Sagittarius”) | الجدي (il-jadi, “Capricorn”) | الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”) | الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”) |