# harap
## Albanian
### Noun

harap m (plural harapë, definite harapi)
* Alternative form of arap

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *karɜ- (*korɜ-) (“to bite”) + -p (obsolete instantaneous suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɒrɒp]
* Hyphenation: ha‧rap
* Rhymes: -ɒp

### Verb

harap
* (transitive, intransitive) to bite (into someone or something: -ba/-be)

#### Derived terms

* harapás
* harapdál
* harapós
* harapófogó
(With verbal prefixes):
* átharap
* beleharap
* elharap
* kettéharap
* kiharap
* leharap
* megharap
* összeharap
* ráharap
* szétharap
* utánaharap
* visszaharap
* amelyik kutya ugat, az nem harap
* harapós kutya

### References

* ↑ Entry #249 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ harap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* harap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay harap, from Old Javanese harĕp (“to wish, desire”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan and hadap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ha.rap/

### Verb

harap
* to hope
* to wish

#### Derived terms

* berharap
* berharap-harap
* berharapan
* berharapkan
* berpengharapan
* harap-harap
* harap-harapan
* harapan
* mengharap
* mengharapkan
* pengharapan
* terharap-harap
* harap siarkan

### References

* ↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology, Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, pages 140–141

### Further reading

* “harap” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese harĕp (“to wish, desire, about to”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of hadap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /harap/
* Rhymes: -arap

### Verb

harap (Jawi spelling هارڤ)
* to hope

#### Synonyms

* asa

#### Derived terms

* harapan
* harap maaf

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: harap

### References

* ↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology, Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, pages 140–141

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* herap (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from German herab.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxa.rap/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arap
* Syllabification: ha‧rap

### Noun

harap m inan (related adjective harapowy)
* (hunting) hunting crop
    Synonym: korbacz

#### Derived terms

* harapnik
* harapować impf

#### Related terms

* harapnikowy
* harapniczek

### Further reading

* harap in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* harap in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “harap”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

## Romanian
### Noun

harap m (plural harapi)
* Alternative form of arap

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay hadap (“to face”) or Old Javanese harĕp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Yakan harap.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /haˈɾap/ [hɐˈɾap̚]
* Rhymes: -ap
* Syllabification: ha‧rap

### Noun

haráp (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜇᜉ᜔)
* front; forefront
    Synonym: unahan
* threshold
    Synonyms: bukana, bungad
* facade; front of a building
    Synonym: patsada
* presence; attendance
    Synonyms: dalo, pagdalo
* presenting of oneself to someone
    Synonyms: pakikipagkita, pagharap, pakikiharap
* submission for discussion or approval (of papers, reports, etc.)
* actual attendance; actual performance (of one's duty)
    Synonyms: pagtupad, pagsasakatuparan
* attention given (to a visitor or guest)
    Synonyms: asikaso, pag-aasikaso
* (euphemistic) genitals
    Synonyms: ari, pag-aari

#### Derived terms

* haharapin
* harap-harapan
* harapan
* harapin
* hinaharap
* humarap
* iharap
* kaharap
* magharap
* nakaharap
* paghaharap
* pagharap
* pagharapin
* paharapin
* panghinaharap
* sa hinaharap

### Further reading

* “harap”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qadep”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خراب (harab), ultimately from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hɑˈɾɑp]
* Hyphenation: ha‧rap

### Adjective

harap
* ruined
* devastated

#### Derived terms

* harap düşmek
* harap etmek
* harap olmak
* haraplaşmak
* haraplık

#### Related terms

* harabe (“ruin”)

### References

* “harap”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “harap”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ha‧rap

### Adjective

harap (comparative ?, superlative iň harap)
* bad, damaged, spoiled, broken

#### Derived terms

* harapçylyk
* haraplamak
* haraplanmak
* haraplaşmak
* haraplatmak
* haraplyk

#### Related terms

* haraba (“ruin”)

### Further reading

* “harap” in Enedilim.com
* “harap” in Webonary.org

## Yakan
### Verb

harap
* to face (someone, something, or both)

#### Derived terms

* harapan