# 充

| 充 | U+5145, &#20805; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5145 |
| ← 兄 [U+5144] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 兆 → [U+5146] |
| 充 | U+FA74, &#64116; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA74 |
| ← 侀 [U+FA73] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 冀 → [U+FA75] |

## Translingual
### Han character

充 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈竹山 (YIHU), four-corner 0021$_3$, composition ⿱𠫓儿)

#### Derived characters

* 𬾁, 㓍, 𪡁, 𡊿, 㤝, 㧤, 㳘, 𤞀, 𣑁, 𭴤, 珫, 𦚳, 𪽒, 𥅻, 𥒝, 𬓦, 䘪, 統(统), 䟲, 銃(铳), 𫸊
* 𪞅, 𩩇, 𪁇, 𠡜, 𠒨, 𭐤, 茺, 𥬱, 𬪲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1345
* Dae Jaweon: page 260, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 269, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5145
* Unihan data for U+FA74

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 充
* Small seal scripts06204Transcribed ancient scriptsL29868L29869L29870L29871L29872L29873L29874L29875L29876L00563L00564L00565L00566L00567L00568
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 統 | *tʰuːŋs |
| 充 | *l̥ʰjuŋ |
| 珫 | *tʰjuŋ |
| 茺 | *tʰjuŋ |
| 銃 | *tʰjuŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 𠫓 (“a newborn”) + 儿 (“standing person”) – A newborn grows to stand and become mature.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōng (chong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$tshon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chong
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
*** Palladius: чун (čun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshon
*** MiniDict: tshon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit充 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰəŋ²¹/ ～電 /p͡fʰəŋ⁵³/ ～當 |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰoŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʰoŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰuŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰyŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰoŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /soŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsyhuwng
Rime :
| Character | 充 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌終切 |
| Baxter | tsyhuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰuŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰjuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 充 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰuŋ/ |
| English | full, fill |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 充 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1491 |
| Phonetic component | 充 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 充 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰjuŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文育省聲 |

### Definitions

充
* to fill
* full
* (archaic) to serve as
** c. 1330 - 1400: Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 5
    跟隨劉玄德充馬弓手。
       He serves as a cavalry officer for Liu Xuande.

#### Compounds

* 假充
* 充人 (chōngrén)
* 充任 (chōngrèn)
* 充作 (chōngzuò)
* 充光棍
* 充內行 / 充内行
* 充公 (chōnggōng)
* 充其量 (chōngqíliàng)
* 充分 (chōngfèn)
* 充分就業 / 充分就业
* 充員戰士 / 充员战士
* 充場面 / 充场面
* 充塞 (chōngsè)
* 充填 (chōngtián)
* 充實 / 充实 (chōngshí)
* 充庭
* 充排場 / 充排场
* 充數 / 充数 (chōngshù)
* 充斥 (chōngchì)
* 充暢 / 充畅 (chōngchàng)
* 充棟汗牛 / 充栋汗牛
* 充氣 / 充气 (chōngqì)
* 充氣燈泡 / 充气灯泡
* 充沛 (chōngpèi)
* 充溢 (chōngyì)
* 充滿 / 充满 (chōngmǎn)
* 充然
* 充牣 (chōngrèn)
* 充當 / 充当 (chōngdāng)
* 充發 / 充发
* 充盈 (chōngyíng)
* 充磁
* 充羨 / 充羡
* 充耳
* 充耳不聞 / 充耳不闻 (chōng'ěrbùwén)
* 充能幹 / 充能干
* 充腴 (chōngyú)
* 充血 (chōngxuè)
* 充行家
* 充裕 (chōngyù)
* 充詘 / 充诎
* 充足 (chōngzú)
* 充身
* 充軍 / 充军 (chōngjūn)
* 充門面 / 充门面
* 充閭 / 充闾
* 充電 / 充电 (chōngdiàn)
* 充類至盡 / 充类至尽
* 充飢 / 充饥 (chōngjī)
* 充饑畫餅 / 充饥画饼 (chōngjī huà bǐng)
* 冒充 (màochōng)
* 南充 (Nánchōng)
* 填充 (tiánchōng)
* 填充物 (tiánchōngwù)
* 填充玩具
* 填充題 / 填充题
* 振鷺充庭 / 振鹭充庭
* 擴充 / 扩充 (kuòchōng)
* 擴充解釋 / 扩充解释
* 權充 / 权充 (quánchōng)
* 氣充志定 / 气充志定
* 氣充志驕 / 气充志骄
* 氣充文見 / 气充文见
* 汗充棟豪 / 汗充栋豪
* 汗牛充棟 / 汗牛充栋 (hànniúchōngdòng)
* 混充 (hùnchōng)
* 減充血劑 / 减充血剂 (jiǎnchōngxuèjì)
* 漏脯充饑 / 漏脯充饥
* 濫竽充數 / 滥竽充数 (lànyúchōngshù)
* 王充
* 畫餅充饑 / 画饼充饥 (huàbǐngchōngjī)
* 精力充沛
* 腦充血 / 脑充血 (nǎochōngxuè)
* 補充 / 补充 (bǔchōng)
* 補充兵役 / 补充兵役
* 褎如充耳
* 趙充國 / 赵充国
* 輪充 / 轮充
* 食不充口
* 食不充腸 / 食不充肠
* 食不充飢 / 食不充饥

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* bring up
* grow up
* raise
* rear
* be full

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)
* Kun: あてる (ateru, 充てる, Jōyō)、みちる (michiru, 充ちる)、みたす (mitasu, 充たす)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 充
* みつる Grade: S
* nanori
* Kanji in this term
* 充
* たかし Grade: S
* nanori
* (Tokyo) みつる [mìtsúrú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲit͡sɨɾɯ̟]
* IPA: [ta̠ka̠ɕi]

### Proper noun

充(みつる) or 充(たかし) • (Mitsuru or Takashi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

充 (eumhun 채울 충 (chae'ul chung))
* hanja form of 충 (“to fill”)

#### Compounds

* 충분 (充分, chungbun, “enough”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

充: Hán Nôm readings: sung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.