# 午餐
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǔcān
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄘㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ng$^5$ caan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ńg-chhôn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-chhan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngou$^2$ cang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔcān
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄘㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔcan
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$-tsʻan$^1$
*** Yale: wǔ-tsān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuutsan
*** Palladius: уцань (ucanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ng$^5$ caan$^1$
*** Yale: ńgh chāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ng$^5$ tsaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ng$^5$ can$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ̍¹³ t͡sʰaːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-chhôn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ng$^ˋ$ con$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ng$^3$ con$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ t͡sʰon²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-chhan
*** Tâi-lô: ngóo-tshan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngofzhafn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngou$^2$ cang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu tshang
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰaŋ³³/

### Noun

午餐
* lunch
    Coordinate terms: 早餐 (zǎocān), 午餐 (wǔcān), 晚飯 / 晚饭 (wǎnfàn)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 午飯, 午餐, 午膳, 中餐, 中飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 午飯, 晌午飯, 晌飯, 早飯 first meal in a two meal system |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 午餐, 午飯, 中餐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 晌午飯, 晌飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 午餐 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 午飯, 晌午飯, 中午飯 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 晌飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 晌午飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 晌午飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 晌午飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 晌午 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 中飯, 晌午飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 晌午飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 晌午 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 晌午飯, 中午飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 晌午, 午飯, 中飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 中飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 午飯, 中飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 晌午飯, 晌午 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 中飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 中飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 中飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 晏晝飯, 晏晝, 晏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 晏晝飯, 晏晝, 晏, 中午飯, 午餐, lunch |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 中午飯, 晏 |
| Cantonese | Macau (Tanka) | 晏晝飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 晏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 晏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 晏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 晏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 晏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 晏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 早朝, 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 晏晝 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 晏 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 晝飯, 中飯 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 晝飯 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 中飯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 晝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 晏晝 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 晝 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 晝 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 晏晝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 晏晝 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 晏晝 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 晝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 晝飯 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 晌午飯, 中午飯 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 晌午飯 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 晝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 晝 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 晝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 下晝頓, 日晝頓, 中晝頓, 下晝, 日晝, 中晝, 晝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 下晝頓, 日晝頓, 下晝, 日晝, 晝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 下晝頓, 日晝頓, 中晝頓, 下晝, 日晝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 中晝飯, 中晝頓 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 日晝頓, 日晝, 下晝頓, 下晝, 下晡頓 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 日晝頓, 日晝, 下晝頓, 下晝 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 日晝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 日晝飯 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 日晝, 日晝飯, 日晝頓 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 下晝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 下旰飯 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 日晝糜 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 日晝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 日晝糜, 日晝 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 日頭晝糜, 日晝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 日晝, 日晝飯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 早飯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 中飯 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 點心 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 中飯 |
| Wu | Danyang | 晝飯, 中飯 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 中飯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 晝飯, 晝過飯 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 日晝, 日晝廚 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 午飯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 中飯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 中飯 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 中飯, 晌飯, 晚飯 second meal in a two meal system |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 晌午飯 |

#### Derived terms

* 午餐肉 (wǔcānròu)
* 天下沒有白吃的午餐 / 天下没有白吃的午餐 (tiānxià méiyǒu báichī de wǔcān)
* 早午餐 (zǎowǔcān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 午(ご)餐(さん) (gosan)
* → Korean: 오찬(午餐) (ochan)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 午 | 餐 |
| ご Grade: 2 | さん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ごさん [gòsáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡo̞sã̠ɴ]

### Noun

午(ご)餐(さん) • (gosan)
* (literary) lunch
    Synonym: 昼食 (chūshoku)

#### Derived terms

* 午(ご)餐(さん)会(かい) (gosankai)

### Verb

午(ご)餐(さん)する • (gosan suru) intransitive suru (stem 午(ご)餐(さん)し (gosan shi), past 午(ご)餐(さん)した (gosan shita))
* to have lunch

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 午餐し | ごさんし | gosan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 午餐し | ごさんし | gosan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 午餐する | ごさんする | gosan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 午餐する | ごさんする | gosan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 午餐すれ | ごさんすれ | gosan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 午餐せよ¹ 午餐しろ² | ごさんせよ¹ ごさんしろ² | gosan seyo¹ gosan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 午餐される | ごさんされる | gosan sareru |
| Causative | 午餐させる 午餐さす | ごさんさせる ごさんさす | gosan saseru gosan sasu |
| Potential | 午餐できる | ごさんできる | gosan dekiru |
| Volitional | 午餐しよう | ごさんしよう | gosan shiyō |
| Negative | 午餐しない | ごさんしない | gosan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 午餐せず | ごさんせず | gosan sezu |
| Formal | 午餐します | ごさんします | gosan shimasu |
| Perfective | 午餐した | ごさんした | gosan shita |
| Conjunctive | 午餐して | ごさんして | gosan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 午餐すれば | ごさんすれば | gosan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 午 | 餐 |

### Noun

午餐 • (ochan) (hangeul 오찬)
* hanja form of 오찬