# 元

| 元 | U+5143, &#20803; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5143 |
| ← 兂 [U+5142] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 兄 → [U+5144] |

## Translingual
### Han character

元 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一山 (MMU), four-corner 1021$_1$, composition ⿱一兀 or ⿱二儿)

#### Derived characters

* 远, 㝴, 㒬, 兘, 㒮, 刓, 邧, 㪴, 頑(顽), 䲮, 坖, 䲶, 黿, 鼋
* 完, 芫, 笎, 䨌, 髨, 䦎(𰿨), 园, 衏, 冠, 㓂, 冦, 宼, 寇, 窛
* 㐾, 坃, 妧, 岏, 忨, 抏, 沅, 阮, 朊, 杬, 玩, 䏓, 盶, 蚖, 䛃, 貦(𰷡), 䡇(𰹷), 酛, 鈨, 䬧(𫗟), 䯈, 魭(𱇐), 翫
* 𠰂, 𢓆, 𤝌, 𣁯, 𪰈, 𪸑, 𪽊, 𭽋, 𪿑, 𰫾, 𦍘, 𦨞, 𧲦, 𧿙, 𨈤, 𠅮, 𠹬, 𩉯, 𬐍, 𩢄, 𪎹, 𪐬, 𠿻, 𣍎, 𪕀, 𰙂
* 𠒑, 𰁤, 𠠺, 𭀞, 𢒇, 𠒉, 𫅣, 𮓸, 𠒓, 𠒜, 𩇖, 𠒢, 𭀪, 𭀩, 𭀫, 𩐘, 𫤞, 𰃏, 𰐠, 𠒻, 𠒺, 𭭅, 𫤙, 𭶌, 𮝦, 𠓕
* 𫹵, 𠀻, 𧉗, 𠒞, 𩵶, 𪓣, 𠣑, 𡵧, 𭥖, 𫠫, 𠒈, 𥤸, 𠒏, 𰆮, 𠒖, 𩇲, 𠒴, 𰆖
* 𧘁, 𣾊, 𭦩, 𩙓, 𭦨, 𧇳, 𦽞, 𮫎, 𧕜, 𠕻, 𢒎, 𠖈, 𪞒, 𭁵, 𱺼, 𠖝, 𠖤, 𠖨, 𦵤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1340
* Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 264, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5143

#### Further reading

* 元 on Wikidata.Wikidata

## Chinese

* 元 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 元 (釋義) (Classical)
* 元 (搞清楚) (Cantonese)
* 元 (Gan)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 元 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj00003j00004j00005j00006j00007j00008j00009j00010j00011j00012j00013j00014Bronze inscriptionsb00016b00017b00018b00019b00020b00021b00022b00023b00024b00025b00026b00027b00028b00029b00030b00031b00032b00033b00034b00035b00036b00037b00038b00039b00040b00041b00042b00043b00044b00045b00046b00047b00048b00049b00050b00051b00052Small seal scripts00003Transcribed ancient scriptsL32110L32111L32112L32113L32114L07440L07442L07443L07444L07445L07446L07447L07448L07449L07450L07451L07452L07453L07454 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Pictogram (象形) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.

### Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”), with a noun-forming suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2003; STEDT). If so, cognate with 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, “ruler; lord; queen”), Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head; summit; beginning”), མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”), Garo sko (“skull”), Northern Tujia kho⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ (“head”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). 原 (OC *ŋʷan, “source; origin; basic; primary”) and 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) may be the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It may also be related to 君 (OC *klun, “lord; prince; ruler”), 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “magistrate; governor”), 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “marquis”) (Mei, 1985).
The name of the dynasty comes from the I Ching:
    大哉乾元，萬物資始，乃統天。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]大哉干元，万物资始，乃统天。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionDà zāi qián yuán, wànwù zī shǐ, nǎi tǒng tiān. [Pinyin]Vast is the ‘great and originating (power)’ indicated by Qian! All things owe to it their beginning: - it contains all the meaning belonging to (the name) heaven.
Part of the people with this surname are Xianbei descendants. It was changed from 拓跋 (Tuòbá) as ordered by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yuán (yuan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йүан (yüan, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngun$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nyyon$^4$ / yon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngièn / ngiàn
    (Hailu, HRS): ngien
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngian$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ye$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̂ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): goân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang$^5$ / nguêng$^5$ / ngang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnioe; $^6$yoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$
*** Yale: ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
*** Sinological IPA : /yan²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йүан (yüan, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /yæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡun²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nyyon$^4$ / yon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲyɵn³⁵/, /yɵn³⁵/
* nyyon4 - vernacular;
* yon4 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit元 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yan³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /yan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /yan⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /yã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /yã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /yan⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /yã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /yã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /yan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /yɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /yan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /yɛn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /yen²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ye¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ye̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ye³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵyø²³/ /ɦyø²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiø¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦyõ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵy³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵyɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yẽ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵyɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋian¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋien¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /guan³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋuoŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋyiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjwon
Rime :
| Character | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 愚袁切 |
| Baxter | ngjwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuan/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]o[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋon/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular) |
| English | head; first |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16145 |
| Phonetic component | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 元 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋon/ |

#### Definitions

元
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) head
    From: c. 578, Yu Xin, The Lament for the South (《哀江南賦》)
    Dí rén guī yuán, sānjūn qīchuàng. [Pinyin]
    The barbaric enemy returned his severed head, and every soldier grieved in deep sorrow.
* first; primary; head; chief
* basic; fundamental
* origin; source
    Synonym: 原 (yuán)
* meta-
* Classifier for yuan or dollars.
    Alternative form: 圓 / 圆
* (mathematics) variable; unknown; element
    消元法 ― xiāoyuánfǎ ― method of elimination (literally, “method of eliminating matrix elements”)
    立天元一 [Classical Chinese] ― lì tiānyuán yī [Pinyin] ― Let x be the unknown variable in the equation.
    主元 ― zhǔyuán ― pivot
* (mathematics) element (an infinitesimal interval of a quantity, a differential)
    線元／线元 ― xiànyuán ― line element
* (～朝) Yuan Dynasty
    元曲 ― yuánqū ― Yuan dynasty theater
* (～日) (telegraphy) the thirteenth day of a month
* a surname
    元好問／元好问 ― Yuán Hàowèn ― Yuan Haowen (Jin dynasty poet)
* (Taoism) kalpa, a cosmic or supreme cycle of 129,000 years
* (Hong Kong) Short for 元朗 (Yuánlǎng, “Yuen Long”).
* Alternative form of 玄 (xuán) (contained in the name of 玄燁)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 首, 元, 頭, 元首 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頭, 頭部, 頭顱, 頭腦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦殼兒, 腦殼, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 老屋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 腦袋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 頭, 腦殼兒, 腦殼子, 腦子, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 腦袋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦殼兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 頭, 腦袋瓜子 derogatory |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 頭, 低腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 得腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 得腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 腦袋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 𦠿, 頭, 腦袋, 脊囊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 頭, 多腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 頭, 多腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 頭, 腦袋, 朵落 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 棗木 dated, humorous |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 頭, 頭蛋骨, 得勒 derogatory |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 頭, 腦瓜子, 腦勺, 腦勺殼子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 頭, 腦瓜子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 腦殼, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 腦殼, 沙罐兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 頭, 腦殼, 腦瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 腦袋, 腦殼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 頭, 頭殼, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 頭, 頭兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 頭, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 頭, 腦袋瓜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 腦殼, 頭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 頭乸殼 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 頭, 羅殼 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 頭骨 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 頭, 腦蓋 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 頭, 腦 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 頭, 那殼 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 頭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Changting | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 頭, 腦蓋, 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 腦蓋, 頭那殼 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 腦蓋, 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 腦骨窠 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 頭腦 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Meixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 頭, 頭腦殼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 得腦, 頭, 腦袋, 乾骷髏 derogatory, 骷髏 derogatory |
| Jin | Pingyao | 得腦 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 得腦, 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 頭 |
| Jin | Linhe | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Jining | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Baotou | 腦袋 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 頭 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 腦袋 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Handan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 頭, 得腦哦 |
| Jin | Suide | 頭, 腦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 腦殼 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 頭, 頭腦, 頭首 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 頭子 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 頭, 頭首 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 頭碗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 頭殼, 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 頭, 頭殼, 頭殼顱 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 頭, 頭顱, 殼升 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 頭顱, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 頭, 頭顱 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 頭, 頭末 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 頭末 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 頭, 頭囝 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 頭殼 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 頭殼, 頭 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 頭殼 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 頭殼 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 頭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 腦袋, 頭骷顱, 骷顱頭 often derogatory, 骷郎頭 often derogatory |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 頭爿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 頭, 骷郎頭, 六斤四兩 |
| Wu | Danyang | 頭, 腦袋瓜, 頭骷郎 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 頭, 腦頭瓜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 骷顱頭, 骷郎頭, 頭, 骷顱頭甏 derogatory, 骷顱頭瓶 derogatory, 六斤四兩 humorous |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頭, 六斤四 secret |
| Wu | Jinhua | 頭, 葫粒頭 humorous |
| Xiang | Changsha | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 腦殼 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 腦牯 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 圓, 元 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 塊$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 塊$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 塊$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 塊$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 塊$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 塊$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 塊$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 塊$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 塊$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 塊$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 塊$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 塊$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 塊$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shanglin (Sanli) | 塊$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 塊$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 塊$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蚊, 蚊雞, 雞士, 個, 銀, 度嘢 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蚊, 蚊雞, 雞士, 雞, 個, 銀, 雞嘢, 皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 文 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蚊雞 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蚊雞 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蚊, 蚊雞 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 蚊雞 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 蚊雞 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蚊, 個 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 箍, 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 蚊, 箍 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 蚊 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 蚊 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 塊$_1$ |
| Gan | Lichuan | 塊$_1$ |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 塊$_1$ |
| Hakka | Meixian | 塊$_1$ |
| Hakka | Xingning | 吊 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 塊$_1$ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 個 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 個 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 個 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 個 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 個 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 銀, 箍 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 塊$_1$, 蚊 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 箍 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 箍 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 箍 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 盾 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 箍 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 塊$_1$ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 塊$_1$ |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 塊$_2$ |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 塊$_2$ |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 塊$_2$ |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 塊$_2$ |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 塊$_2$ |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 塊$_2$ |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 塊$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 箍 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 銀, 箍, 個, 個銀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 銀, 個, 箍 dated, 個銀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 銀 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 個, 個銀 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 個銀 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 箍 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 箍, 個銀 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 個 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 銀, 個 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 個銀, 銀 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 銀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 箍 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 個 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 個 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 蚊 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蚊, 蚊雞 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 塊$_1$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 塊$_1$ |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 塊$_1$ |
| Wu | Suzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Wu | Danyang | 塊$_1$ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 塊$_1$ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 個 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 塊$_1$ |
| Xiang | Changsha | 塊$_1$ |
| Xiang | Loudi | 塊$_1$ |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 塊$_1$ |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 塊$_1$ |
* (the Yuan dynasty):
* 元代 (Yuándài)
* 元國 / 元国
* 元帝國 / 元帝国
* 元朝 (Yuáncháo)
* 大元 (Dàyuán)
* 大元國 / 大元国
* 大元帝國 / 大元帝国
* 皇元
* 蒙元 (Měngyuán)

##### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

#### Compounds

* 一元 (yīyuán)
* 一元化 (yīyuánhuà)
* 一元大武
* 一元復始 / 一元复始 (yīyuánfùshǐ)
* 一元論 / 一元论 (yīyuánlùn)
* 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
* 七元
* 上元 (Shàngyuán)
* 三元 (sānyuán)
* 下元 (xiàyuán)
* 三元及第
* 三元合金
* 下元節 / 下元节 (xiàyuánjié)
* 上元節 / 上元节 (Shàngyuánjié)
* 三朝元老 (sāncháoyuánlǎo)
* 中元 (zhōngyuán)
* 中元普渡
* 中元節 / 中元节 (zhōngyuánjié)
* 中狀元 / 中状元
* 主元音
* 乾元 / 干元
* 二元論 / 二元论 (èryuánlùn)
* 二元運算 / 二元运算
* 二元酸
* 五燈會元 / 五灯会元
* 亞元 / 亚元
* 位元 (wèiyuán)
* 位元組 / 位元组 (wèiyuánzǔ)
* 低元音
* 住宅單元 / 住宅单元
* 傷元氣 / 伤元气
* 元件 (yuánjiàn)
* 元元
* 元元本本 (yuányuánběnběn)
* 元凶 (yuánxiōng)
* 元功
* 元勛 / 元勋 (yuánxūn)
* 元勳 / 元勋 (yuánxūn)
* 元化
* 元史
* 元后
* 元君
* 元和
* 元命
* 元和腳 / 元和脚
* 元和體 / 元和体
* 元四大家
* 元因
* 元士
* 元夜
* 元妃 (yuánfēi)
* 元始 (yuánshǐ)
* 元始天尊
* 元子
* 元宰
* 元宵 (yuánxiāo)
* 元宵節 / 元宵节 (yuánxiāojié)
* 元寶 / 元宝 (yuánbǎo)
* 元寶楓 / 元宝枫
* 元尚篇
* 元帥 / 元帅 (yuánshuài)
* 元年 (yuánnián)
* 元惡 / 元恶 (yuán'è)
* 元惡大奸
* 元惡大憝 / 元恶大憝
* 元戎
* 元日 (yuánrì)
* 元旦 (yuándàn)
* 元智大學 / 元智大学
* 元曲 (yuánqǔ)
* 元書紙 / 元书纸
* 元會 / 元会
* 元月 (Yuányuè)
* 元服 (yuánfú)
* 元朝 (Yuáncháo)
* 元本 (yuánběn)
* 元氣 / 元气 (yuánqì)
* 元燈 / 元灯
* 元生代
* 元白
* 元神 (yuánshén)
* 元祕史 / 元秘史
* 元稹
* 元精
* 元素 (yuánsù)
* 元素符號 / 元素符号
* 元結 / 元结
* 元緒 / 元绪
* 元老 (yuánlǎo)
* 元老院 (yuánlǎoyuàn)
* 元聖 / 元圣
* 元色 (yuánsè)
* 元謀 / 元谋 (Yuánmóu)
* 元謀猿人 / 元谋猿人
* 元辰
* 元配 (yuánpèi)
* 元陽 / 元阳 (Yuányáng)
* 元雜劇 / 元杂剧
* 元音 (yuányīn)
* 元首 (yuánshǒu)
* 元魚 / 元鱼
* 元麥 / 元麦
* 元龍高臥 / 元龙高卧
* 光電元件 / 光电元件
* 八元
* 公元 (gōngyuán)
* 冊府元龜 / 册府元龟
* 分渾元 / 分浑元
* 前元音
* 包元兒 / 包元儿
* 化學元素 / 化学元素 (huàxué yuánsù)
* 半低元音
* 半元音 (bànyuányīn)
* 半合元音
* 半閉元音 / 半闭元音
* 半開元音 / 半开元音
* 半高元音
* 協元 / 协元 (Xiéyuán)
* 南元
* 合口元音
* 合金元素
* 喪元 / 丧元
* 單元 / 单元 (dānyuán)
* 單元劇 / 单元剧
* 單元音 / 单元音 (dānyuányīn)
* 圓脣元音 / 圆唇元音
* 坤元
* 壓倒元白 / 压倒元白
* 壽元 / 寿元
* 多元化 (duōyuánhuà)
* 多元性
* 多元論 / 多元论 (duōyuánlùn)
* 大三元 (dàsānyuán)
* 大元帥 / 大元帅 (dàyuánshuài)
* 大春元
* 大秋元
* 大經元 / 大经元
* 太元 (Tàiyuán)
* 天元 (tiānyuán)
* 央元音 (yāngyuányīn)
* 字元 (zìyuán)
* 宋元學案 / 宋元学案
* 尖元音
* 展脣元音 / 展唇元音
* 後元音 / 后元音 (hòuyuányīn)
* 復元 / 复元 (fùyuán)
* 微量元素 (wēiliàng yuánsù)
* 戴表元
* 掄元 / 抡元
* 控制單元 / 控制单元
* 捲舌元音 / 卷舌元音
* 搖元宵 / 摇元宵
* 改元 (gǎiyuán)
* 數元 / 数元
* 新元史
* 新紀元 / 新纪元 (xīnjìyuán)
* 易元吉
* 春元演習 / 春元演习
* 晉元帝 / 晋元帝
* 曆元 / 历元 (lìyuán)
* 會元 / 会元 (huìyuán)
* 未知元
* 案元
* 標準元音 / 标准元音
* 歐元 / 欧元 (ōuyuán)
* 歐洲美元 / 欧洲美元
* 歸元 / 归元
* 殿元
* 汪元量
* 泰元
* 油元
* 混元
* 渾元 / 浑元
* 狀元 / 状元
* 狀元及第 / 状元及第
* 狀元籌 / 状元筹
* 狀元紅 / 状元红
* 狀元餅 / 状元饼
* 當元 / 当元
* 省元
* 真元
* 禮元 / 礼元 (Lǐyuán)
* 萬元戶 / 万元户
* 稀土元素 (xītǔ yuánsù)
* 糕元寶 / 糕元宝
* 紀元 / 纪元 (jìyuán)
* 經元 / 经元
* 美元 (měiyuán)
* 腎元 / 肾元 (shènyuán)
* 膠元蛋白 / 胶元蛋白
* 舌尖元音
* 舌面元音
* 茶元 (Cháyuán)
* 華元 / 华元
* 蒙元 (Měngyuán)
* 虎體元斑 / 虎体元斑
* 補元氣 / 补元气
* 複元音 / 复元音 (fùyuányīn)
* 複合元音 / 复合元音
* 西元 (xīyuán)
* 西曆紀元 / 西历纪元
* 解元 (jièyuán)
* 記憶單元 / 记忆单元
* 詞元 / 词元
* 謝晉元 / 谢晋元
* 貢元 / 贡元
* 連中三元 / 连中三元
* 還元返本 / 还元返本
* 鄭元和 / 郑元和
* 酈道元 / 郦道元
* 重元素
* 金屬元素 / 金属元素
* 鉤元提要 / 钩元提要
* 銀元 / 银元 (yínyuán)
* 開元 / 开元 (kāiyuán)
* 開元禮 / 开元礼
* 開元通寶 / 开元通宝
* 開元錄 / 开元录
* 開元雜報 / 开元杂报
* 開口元音 / 开口元音
* 開國元勛 / 开国元勋
* 關元 / 关元
* 阮元
* 降元音
* 隱生元 / 隐生元
* 顏元 / 颜元
* 顯生元 / 显生元
* 養元 / 养元
* 高元音
* 黎元 (líyuán)
* 黎元洪
* 鼎元
* 鼎元之分
* 鼻化元音 (bíhuà yuányīn)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 원(元) (won)
* → Vietnamese: nguyên (元)
* → English: yuan

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 元 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified and second-round simplified form of 圓).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “元”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
* Kun: もと (moto, 元, Jōyō)、こうべ (kōbe, 元)
* Nanori: はじめ (hajime)

#### Compounds

* 元(げん)気(き) (genki)
* 元(げん)凶(きょう) (genkyō)
* 元(がん)金(きん) (gankin)
* 元(げん)号(ごう) (gengō)
* 元(がん)日(じつ) (ganjitsu)
* 元(げん)首(しゅ) (genshu), 元(もと)首(くび) (motokubi)
* 元(げん)帥(すい) (gensui)
* 元(がん)祖(そ) (ganso)
* 元(げん)素(そ) (genso)
* 元(がん)旦(たん) (gantan)
* 元(がん)朝(ちょう) (ganchō), 元(げん)朝(ちょう) (genchō)
* 元(げん)服(ぷく) (genpuku)
* 元(がん)本(ぽん) (ganpon)
* 元(がん)来(らい) (ganrai)
* 元(げん)悪(あく) (gen'aku)
* 元(げん)価(か) (genka)
* 元(げん)兇(きょう) (genkyō)
* 元(げん)勲(くん) (genkun)
* 元(げん)軍(ぐん) (gengun)
* 元(もと)元(もと) (motomoto), 元々(もともと) (motomoto)
* 元(もと)高(だか) (motodaka)
* 元三(もとみ) (Motomi)
* 元(げん)始(し) (genshi)
* 元(もと)手(で) (motode)
* 元(もと)鞘(さや) (motosaya)
* 元(げん)職(しょく) (genshoku)
* 元(もと)栓(せん) (motosen)
* 元(もと)値(ね) (motone)
* 元(もと)帳(ちょう) (motochō)
* 元(もと)締(じ) (motoji)
* 元(もと)入(にゅう)金(きん) (motonyūkin)
* 元(がん)年(ねん) (gannen)
* 元(げん)標(ぴょう) (genpyō)
* 元(もと)方(かた) (motokata)
* 元(がん)利(り) (ganri)
* 元(げん)老(ろう) (genrō)
* 元(げん)禄(ろく) (genroku)
* 元(げん)寇(こう) (genkō)
* お手(て)元(もと) (otemoto), 御手(おて)元(もと) (otemoto)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 元
* もと Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 本 原 基 素
⟨mo$_2$to$_2$⟩ → /moto/
From Old Japanese. Cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with Okinawan 元 (mutu).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もと [mòtóꜜ] (Odaka –)
* (Tokyo) もと [mòtó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mo̞to̞]

#### Noun

元(もと) • (moto)
* cause, origin
* basis, foundation
* cost
    元(もと)がとれる
       moto ga toreru
       to be able to cover the cost
* (finance) capital
    2000円(にせんえん)の元(もと)を取(と)る
       nisen-en no moto o toru
       to get one's 2000 yen's worth
       (literally, “to take the 2000 yen principal”)
* principal

#### Derived terms

* もとに (moto ni)
* 元(もと)は (moto wa)
* 元(もと)より (motoyori)
* 元(もと)売(う)り (motōri)
* 元(もと)結(ゆ)い (motoyui)
* 元(もと)通(どお)り (motodōri)

#### Prefix

元(もと) • (moto-)
* former, erstwhile
    元(もと)カレ、元(もと)カノ
       motokare, motokano
       former boyfriend, former girlfriend
    プロジェクトの元(もと)・担(たん)当(とう)者(しゃ)の田(た)中(なか)氏(し)
       purojekuto no moto tantōsha no Tanaka-shi
       former project manager Tanaka

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 元
* げん Grade: 2
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 元 (MC ngjwon)

#### Proper noun

元(げん) • (Gen)
* the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)

#### Noun

元(げん) • (gen)
* yuan (currency)
    Synonym: ユアン

### Etymology 3

From 始(はじ)め (hajime, “beginning”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ha̠ʑime̞]

#### Proper noun

元(はじめ) • (Hajime)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

元 (eumhun 으뜸 원 (eutteum won))
* Hanja form of 원 (“chief”).

## Okinawan
### Alternative forms

* 本, 原, 基, 素

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ぐゎん (gwan)、じん (jin)
* Kun: むとぅ (mutu, 元)、むーとぅ (mūtu, 元)

#### Compounds

* 元(ぐゎん)日(じち) (gwanjichi)
* 元(ぐゎん)祖(す) (gwansu)
* 元(ぐゎん)旦(たん) (gwantan)
* 元(じん)服(ぷく) (jinpuku)
* 火(ふぃー)ぬ元(むとぅ) (fīnumutu)
* 火(ふぃー)元(むとぅ) (fīmutu)
* 根(に)本(むとぅ) (nimutu), 根(にー)本(むとぅ) (nīmutu)
* 元(むーとぅ)所(どぅくる) (mūtudukuru)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 元
* むとぅ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 元
* むーとぅ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Proto-Ryukyuan *moto, from Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with mainland Japanese 元 (moto).

### Noun

元(むとぅ) or 元(むーとぅ) (mutu or mūtu)
* cause, origin
* basis, foundation
* cost
* origin
* (finance) capital
* principal

## Vietnamese
### Han character

元: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn
* source, origin, base
* a family name