# 頭家
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóujiā
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tau$^4$ gaa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thèu-kâ
    (Hailu, HRS): teu ga$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): têu$^2$ ga$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tao$^2$ gor$^1$ / tao$^2$ ge$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thâu-ke / thâu-kee / thâu--ke
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tao$^5$ gê$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tao$^5$ ge$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóujiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóujia
*** Wade–Giles: tʻou$^2$-chia$^1$
*** Yale: tóu-jyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourjia
*** Palladius: тоуцзя (touczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tau$^4$ gaa$^1$
*** Yale: tàuh gā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tau$^4$ gaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: teo$^4$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐu̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu-kâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: teu$^ˇ$ ga$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: teu$^2$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹ ka²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: teu ga$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵⁵ ka⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: têu$^2$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰeu¹¹ ka⁴⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tao$^2$ gor$^1$ [Phonetic: tao$^5$ or$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: táu-go̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau¹³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ɒ⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tao$^2$ ge$^1$ [Phonetic: tao$^5$ ge$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: táu-ga̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau¹³⁻²¹ ke⁵³³/
* tao2 gor1 - “casino boss”;
* tao2 ge1 - “leader, head”, borrowed from Hokkien.

### Noun

頭家
* (chiefly Southern Min, Hakka) owner (of a shop etc., addressed by customers)
* (chiefly Southern Min, Hakka) boss (addressed by employees)
* (chiefly Southern Min, Hakka, dated in Leizhou Min) husband
    From: 2013, 蔡秋鳳 (Kerris Tsai) (lyricist 廖偉志), 命
    Lī-cha̍p-saⁿ hòe tú-tio̍h gún thâu-ke, lī-cha̍p-peh hòe ū kiáⁿ saⁿ ê [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When I was twenty-three, I met my husband; when I was twenty-eight, I had three sons.
* (gambling) organizer of a gambling party who takes a cut of the winnings
* (gambling, card games) banker of the first round
* (gambling, card games) first player
* (gambling, card games) preceding player
* organizer of a ceremony at a temple
* (Putian Puxian Min) casino boss
* (Puxian Min) leader, head, chief

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 老闆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 掌櫃的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 老闆, 頭家 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 掌櫃的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 老闆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 老闆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 老闆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 老闆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 老闆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 老闆兒, 老闆, 掌櫃的 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 老闆 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 掌櫃底 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 老闆兒, 老闆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 老闆兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 老闆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 老闆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 老闆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 老闆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 老闆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 事頭, 老細, 老闆, 波士, 阿頭 boss |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 事頭, 老細, 老闆, 波士, 阿頭 boss, 老頂 boss |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 事頭, 老細 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 老闆 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 事頭, 老細 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 事頭, 老細, 老闆 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 事頭, 老細 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 老闆, 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 事頭, 老細, 老闆, 波士 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老闆, 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 老闆, 事頭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 老闆, 事頭, 阿頭 boss |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 老細 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 老細, 老闆 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 老細 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老闆 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 老闆 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 頭家, 老闆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 事頭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 事頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 老闆, 店家 shopkeeper |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老闆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭家 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 頭家 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 老闆, 掌櫃, 掌櫃的 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 掌櫃子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老闆 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 老闆 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 頭家, 老闆 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 老闆, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 老闆, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 老闆, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 頭家, 老大 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 頭家, 老闆 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 頭家, 阿頭 boss |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 老闆 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 頭家, 老闆 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 頭家 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 老闆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 老闆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老闆 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 老闆 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 老闆 |
| Wu | Danyang | 老闆 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 老闆 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老闆, 冷士 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 老闆 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 老闆兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 老闆 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 老闆 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 夫, 夫婿, 郎 †, 良人 †, 相公 † |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 丈夫, 先生, 夫婿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 丈夫, 男人, 爺們, 女婿, 漢子, 爺們兒, 當家的, 老頭子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 老公, 先生 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 男人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 丈夫, 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 丈夫, 當家的, 班兒上的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 丈夫, 當家的, 外頭的, 屋外的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 丈夫, 老登, 男人, 掌櫃的, 當家的, 漢子, 老爺們兒, 爺們兒, 老頭子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 丈夫, 當家的, 掌櫃的, 老頭子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 當家的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 男人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 女婿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 老公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 老公, 先生 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 丈夫, 先生, 爺們兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 掌櫃的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 丈夫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 漢子, 男人, 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 漢子, 男人, 男的, 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 漢子, 男人, 男的, 外頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 男人, 當家的, 老漢子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 男的, 男人, 女婿 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 漢子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 男人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 男人, 漢子, 外頭兒人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 外頭人, 當家的, 老頭子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 漢子, 男人, 男的, 外頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 漢子, 男的, 外頭, 當家的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 男的, 外頭, 女婿 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 男人, 當家的, 外頭人 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 丈夫, 外頭人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 男人, 外頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 男人, 漢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 掌櫃的, 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 當家的, 外頭人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人, 外頭家, 外前人, 外頭人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 男人, 掌櫃的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 男人, 當家的, 掌櫃的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 丈夫, 男人, 老頭兒, 老頭子, 當家的, 外人兒, 男的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 丈夫, 男人, 老漢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 丈夫, 漢子, 男人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 丈夫, 家裡的, 男人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 男人, 男的, 老漢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 丈夫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 男的, 男人, 伙子, 小伙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 男的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 男的個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 丈夫, 當家的, 當家人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 男人, 老公, 當家人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 男人, 男的, 男將 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 丈夫, 當家人, 領頭人, 男的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 丈夫, 當家的, 外頭人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 男將 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 男人, 男的, 漢子, 門前人, 當家的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 男的, 老公, 門前人, 男人, 男邊的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 當家的, 男的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 漢子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 當家的, 老倌, 老倌兒, 男的, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 老倌兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 丈夫, 老公, 當家的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Sanjiang (Danzhou) | 老公 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 丈夫, 當家的, 男的, 男人, 老爹, 老公 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 男的, 男人, 老爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人, 掌櫃的 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 男人, 男將 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 男人, 男哩, 老公 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 丈夫, 先生 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 丈夫, 男人, 老爹們 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 丈夫, 外手的, 男將 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 老公, 男人 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 老公, 先生 non-face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 老公, 先生 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 老公, 男人佬 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Dongxing | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 老公, 老爺 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 老公, 先生 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 老公 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老公, 男客 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 老公, 男客 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 男子, 老公 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 老公 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 老公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 老公 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 男人 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 老公 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 老公 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 老公 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 丈夫 |
| Hakka | Changting | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 老公 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 老公 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老公, 當家個 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 老公 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 老公 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 老公, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 老公, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 老公, 丈夫, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 老公, 老猴牯 humorous |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 老公, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 丈夫, 頭家 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 老公 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 老公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 老公, 先生 more formal and polite |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 老公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 老官, 男人 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 丈夫, 老公, 男人 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 老公 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 老漢兒, 當家的, 男人 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 男人 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 當家的, 男人, 丈夫 |
| Jin | Datong | 男人 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 男人, 老漢, 漢子, 漢 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 當家的, 男人, 掌櫃的, 老漢 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 男人, 老漢子, 當家的 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 男人 |
| Jin | Linhe | 男人, 漢子 |
| Jin | Jining | 漢子, 當家的, 男人, 女婿 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 老漢子, 漢子, 當家的, 男人 |
| Jin | Baotou | 男人, 女婿 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 男人 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 男人 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 當家的, 男人 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 丈夫, 當家的, 老頭子 |
| Jin | Handan | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 當家哩, 漢了 |
| Jin | Suide | 男人, 當家的 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 老翁 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 老翁 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 老翁 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 丈夫儂, 翁, 翁婿, 先生, 老的, 老伙記, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 丈夫儂, 翁, 翁婿, 老的, 老伙記, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 翁, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 丈夫儂, 翁, 翁婿, 老的, 老伙仔, 老伙記, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 先生, 翁, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁, 頭家, 翁婿 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 先生, 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁, 頭家, 翁婿 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 翁, 翁婿, 頭家, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 老鏨頭, 老猴, 丈夫儂, 烏魚, 翁, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 翁, 頭家, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 翁, 丈夫儂, 老的 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 翁, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 翁, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 丈夫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 田夫, 翁, 老公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 老, 翁 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 翁, 老大仔, 老公仔 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 翁, 老公 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 老公 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 老公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 老公, 翁, 丈夫 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 老公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 老公, 丈夫 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 老公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 老公, 丈夫, 翁 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 老公, 丈夫 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 老公, 丈夫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 老公 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 老公 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 男人 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 男人 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 男人, 老公, 老頭子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 男人, 男客 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 男人, 屋裡 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 老官, 官人, 男人 |
| Wu | Danyang | 老公 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 老公, 男人 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老公, 男人, 老頭, 當家人 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 老公, 男子, 屋裡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 老公, 男子 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 男人 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 男人 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 男人, 他㑲爺 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 男人 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 老公 face-to-face, 男人 old-style, non-face-to-face, 老頭子 new-style, non-face-to-face |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 老公 |
| Note | † - used for one's own husband | † - used for one's own husband |

#### Derived terms

* 二頭家 / 二头家
* 厝頭家 / 厝头家
* 店頭家 / 店头家
* 田頭家 / 田头家
* 頭家囝 / 头家囝
* 頭家娘 / 头家娘
* 頭家媽 / 头家妈
* 頭家嫂 / 头家嫂
* 頭家某 / 头家某

#### Descendants

* → Burmese: ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:, “honorific term for a Chinese man”)
* → Lao: ເຖົ້າແກ່ (thao kǣ)
** → Tai Dam: ꪹꪖ꫁ꪱꪵꪀ꪿
* → Malay: tauke
** > Indonesian: tauke (inherited)
** → English: towkay
** → Tausug: tawki
* → Puyuma: tawki
* → Rukai: tawki
* → Sakizaya: tawki
* → Thai: เถ้าแก่ (tâo-gɛ̀ɛ)
* → Khmer: ថៅកែ (thaw kae)
* → Vietnamese: tào kê

### References

* ↑ Myanmar-English Dictionary (1993, Myanmar Language Commission; republished 1996, Dunwoody Press)

### Further reading

* “頭家”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “头家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 526.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “头家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 527.