# 蜃

| 蜃 | U+8703, &#34563; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8703 |
| ← 蜂 [U+8702] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蜄 → [U+8704] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蜃 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一女中一戈 (MVLMI), four-corner 7113$_6$, composition ⿸辰虫(G) or ⿱辰虫(HTJK))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1084, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33089
* Dae Jaweon: page 1552, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2854, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8703

## Chinese

* 蜃 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Shen (clam-monster) (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 辴 | *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn |
| 屒 | *tɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 振 | *tjɯn, *tjɯns |
| 侲 | *tjɯn, *tjɯn |
| 桭 | *tjɯn, *djɯn |
| 唇 | *tjɯn, *ɦljun |
| 帪 | *tjɯn |
| 賑 | *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns |
| 裖 | *tjɯnʔ |
| 敐 | *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 震 | *tjɯn |
| 娠 | *tjɯns, *hljɯn |
| 蜃 | *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins |
| 辰 | *djɯn |
| 晨 | *djɯn, *ɦljɯn |
| 宸 | *djɯn |
| 鷐 | *djɯn |
| 麎 | *djɯn |
| 祳 | *djɯnʔ |
| 脤 | *djɯnʔ |
| 鋠 | *djɯnʔ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 陙 | *djun |
| 脣 | *ɦljun |
| 漘 | *ɦljun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins): phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).
May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意), with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more.

### Etymology

Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more.
Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèn (shen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^5$ / san$^6$ / san$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sǐn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^4$
*** Yale: shèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^5$ / san$^6$ / san$^4$
*** Yale: sáhn / sahn / sàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^5$ / san$^6$ / san$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^5$ / sen$^6$ / sen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn¹³/, /sɐn²²/, /sɐn²¹/
* san5 - colloquial;
* san6, san4 - variant.
* Middle Chinese: dzyinX, dzyinH
Rime :
| Character | 蜃 | 蜃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 時忍切 | 時刃切 |
| Baxter | dzyinX | dzyinH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪn$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑin$^X$/ | /d͡ʑin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjen$^X$/ | /d͡ʑjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑin$^X$/ | /d͡ʑin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiĕn$^X$/ | /ʑiĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕn$^X$/ | /ʑĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ĕn$^X$/ | /ʑi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shèn | shèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^6$ | san$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ərʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯns/, /*djɯnʔ/, /*djins/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蜃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyin$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ərʔ/ |
| English | clam, oyster |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蜃 | 蜃 | 蜃 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1371 | 1380 | 1384 |
| Phonetic component | 辰 | 辰 | 辰 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愼 | 腎 | 愼 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯns/ | /*djɯnʔ/ | /*djins/ |

### Definitions

蜃
* a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    zhì rù dàshuǐ wèi shèn [Pinyin]
    Pheasants enter the great water and become large clams
* (mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon
    蜃景 ― shènjǐng ― mirage
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Hǎipáng shènqì xiàng lóutái, guǎngyě qì chéng gōngquè rán. [Pinyin]
    By the sea, the clamʼs mist resembles towers; in the wild expanse, mist becomes palaces thus.
    From: 齊己 (Qí Jǐ) 《湘江漁父》 "The Fisherman on Xiang River", in 《全唐詩》 Quan Tangshi.
    Ménqián jiāoshèn qì, suōshàng huìlán xīn. [Pinyin]
    Before the door, the drakes blow mist; on the coir, the orchids emit fragrance.
* (historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam
* (historical) Short for 蜃炭.

### Compounds

* 文蜃
* 歸蜃 / 归蜃
* 海市蜃樓 / 海市蜃楼 (hǎishìshènlóu)
* 海蜃
* 火蜃
* 白蜃
* 白蜃雲 / 白蜃云
* 蚌蜃
* 蛟蜃
* 蛤蜃
* 蜃器
* 蜃壁
* 蜃女
* 蜃市
* 蜃景 (shènjǐng)
* 蜃樓 / 蜃楼 (shènlóu)
* 蜃樓山市 / 蜃楼山市
* 蜃樓海市 / 蜃楼海市
* 蜃母樓 / 蜃母楼
* 蜃氛
* 蜃氣 / 蜃气
* 蜃氣樓 / 蜃气楼
* 蜃海
* 蜃浪
* 蜃灰
* 蜃灶
* 蜃炭
* 蜃牆 / 蜃墙
* 蜃珧
* 蜃窗
* 蜃精
* 蜃綍 / 蜃𰬘
* 蜃臺 / 蜃台
* 蜃蛤
* 蜃衛 / 蜃卫
* 蜃貝 / 蜃贝
* 蜃車 / 蜃车
* 蜃輅 / 蜃辂
* 蜃醢
* 蜃閣 / 蜃阁
* 蜃闕 / 蜃阙
* 蜃雲 / 蜃云
* 蜃霓
* 蜃風 / 蜃风
* 蠯蜃
* 赤蜃
* 黑蜃

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03647
* “蜃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “蜃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: じん (jin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: おおはまぐり (ōhamaguri, 蜃)

#### Compounds

* 蜃気楼(しんきろう) (shinkirō)
* 蜃蛤(しんこう) (shinkō)

## Korean
### Hanja

蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蜃: Hán Nôm readings: thận, thẩn, thằn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.