# 亡命
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wángmìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^4$ ming$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bông-bēng / bông-miā
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uan$^2$ min$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wángmìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wángmìng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^2$-ming$^4$
*** Yale: wáng-mìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wangminq
*** Palladius: ванмин (vanmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$亡命 王命
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$ ming$^6$
*** Yale: mòhng mihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$ ming$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$ ming$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹ mɪŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông-bēng
*** Tâi-lô: bông-bīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bongbeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông-miā
*** Tâi-lô: bông-miā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bongmia
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² miã⁴¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: uan$^2$ min$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /u̯an¹³ min²¹⁻¹¹/

### Verb

亡命
* to flee; to escape; to be forced into exile
* to go to great lengths to accomplish something as if one's life depended on it
    亡命飛車／亡命飞车 ― wángmìng fēichē ― to drive fast with no regard to passengers' safety
    亡命小巴 [Cantonese] ― mong$^4$ ming$^6$ siu$^2$ baa$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (Hong Kong) reckless minibus (mocking the phenomenon of frequent speeding of minibus drivers)

#### Synonyms

* (to flee):
* 出亡 (chūwáng) (literary)
* 出奔 (chūbēn)
* 散亡 (sànwáng)
* 流亡 (liúwáng)
* 竄 / 窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 走反 (Hokkien, from war)
* 逃亡 (táowáng)
* 逃荒 (táohuāng) (from famine)
* 逃難 / 逃难 (táonàn) (from a disaster)
* 逋逃 (būtáo) (literary)
* 避難 / 避难 (bìnàn)
* (to go to great lengths):
* 下性命 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 拚命 (pànmìng)
* 拼命 (pīnmìng)
* 掙命 / 挣命 (zhèngmìng) (colloquial)
* 搏命 (bómìng)
* 死拼 (sǐpīn)
* 玩命 (wánmìng)
* 破命 (Northern Min)

#### Derived terms

* 亡命之徒 (wángmìngzhītú)
* 亡命徒 (wángmìngtú)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 亡 | 命 |
| ぼう Grade: 6 | めい Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼーめー [bòóméé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bo̞ːme̞ː]

### Noun

亡(ぼう)命(めい) • (bōmei)
* exile
    チベットの亡(ぼう)命(めい)政(せい)府(ふ)はインドにあります。
       Chibetto no bōmei seifu wa Indo ni arimasu.
       The government in exile of Tibet is in India.
** 1944, Svante Arrhenius, translated by Torahiko Terada, Uchū no hajimari [Origin of the universe]‎:
    ソクラテスは亡(ぼう)命(めい)を恥(はじ)としたために毒(どく)杯(はい)を飲(の)み干(ほ)さなければならなかった。
       Sokuratesu wa bōmei o haji to shita tame ni dokuhai o nomihosanakereba naranakatta.
       Socrates had to drink a poisoned chalice up because he scorned exiling.
* defection
* asylum

### Verb

亡(ぼう)命(めい)する • (bōmei suru) intransitive suru (stem 亡(ぼう)命(めい)し (bōmei shi), past 亡(ぼう)命(めい)した (bōmei shita))
* to go into exile
* to defect

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 亡命し | ぼうめいし | bōmei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 亡命し | ぼうめいし | bōmei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 亡命する | ぼうめいする | bōmei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 亡命する | ぼうめいする | bōmei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 亡命すれ | ぼうめいすれ | bōmei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 亡命せよ¹ 亡命しろ² | ぼうめいせよ¹ ぼうめいしろ² | bōmei seyo¹ bōmei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 亡命される | ぼうめいされる | bōmei sareru |
| Causative | 亡命させる 亡命さす | ぼうめいさせる ぼうめいさす | bōmei saseru bōmei sasu |
| Potential | 亡命できる | ぼうめいできる | bōmei dekiru |
| Volitional | 亡命しよう | ぼうめいしよう | bōmei shiyō |
| Negative | 亡命しない | ぼうめいしない | bōmei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 亡命せず | ぼうめいせず | bōmei sezu |
| Formal | 亡命します | ぼうめいします | bōmei shimasu |
| Perfective | 亡命した | ぼうめいした | bōmei shita |
| Conjunctive | 亡命して | ぼうめいして | bōmei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 亡命すれば | ぼうめいすれば | bōmei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 亡 | 命 |

### Noun

亡命 • (mangmyeong) (hangeul 망명)
* hanja form of 망명 (“asylum; exile”)