# 純

| 純 | U+7D14, &#32020; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D14 |
| ← 紓 [U+7D13] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 紕 → [U+7D15] |

## Translingual
### Han character

純 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火心山 (VFPU), four-corner 2591$_7$, composition ⿰糹屯)

#### Derived characters

* 𭱴, 蒓, 𢲝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 917, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27277
* Dae Jaweon: page 1346, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3371, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7D14

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 純 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 躉 | *tuːnʔ |
| 窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
| 沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
| 頓 | *tuːns |
| 扽 | *tuːns |
| 黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
| 屯 | *duːn, *tun |
| 飩 | *duːn |
| 豘 | *duːn |
| 軘 | *duːn |
| 坉 | *duːn |
| 邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
| 忳 | *duːn |
| 芚 | *duːn |
| 庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 囤 | *duːnʔ |
| 迍 | *tun |
| 杶 | *tʰun |
| 瑃 | *tʰun |
| 椿 | *tʰun |
| 偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
| 肫 | *tjun |
| 訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
| 春 | *tʰjun |
| 蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 蒓 | *djun |
| 賰 | *hljunʔ |
| 鬊 | *hljuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjunʔ, *djun): semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). It conveys the meaning of "without any impurities," and also "exclusively."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chún (chun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seon$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sun$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sùn
    (Hailu, HRS): shun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sun$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): sě̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song$^2$ / suong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chún
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chún
*** Wade–Giles: chʻun$^2$
*** Yale: chwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwen
*** Palladius: чунь (čunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seon$^4$
*** Yale: sèuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soen$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sun²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shun
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃun⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sě̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sœyŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sùng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seóng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
*** Tâi-lô: sûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit純 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵³/ /ʂuŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕyn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /suən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /suen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂuə̃¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂun²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂuən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ /suŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zoŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕyan⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕyn¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕyn¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sun⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sun¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sun¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /syn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /søn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sun³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sœyŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /suŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tun³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzywin
Rime :
| Character | 純 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 常倫切 |
| Baxter | dzywin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑwin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭuĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seon$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]u[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 純 | 純 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chún | chún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzywin › | ‹ dzywin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]u[n]/ | /*[d]u[n]/ |
| English | pure, unmixed | silken |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 純 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12578 |
| Phonetic component | 屯 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 純 |
| Old Chinese | /*djun/ |

#### Definitions

純
* pure; unmixed
* genuine; honest; simple
* entirely; completely; all
* skillful; proficient
* (literary) silk

#### Synonyms

* (entirely):
* 全然 (quánrán)
* 完全 (wánquán)
* 簡直 / 简直 (jiǎnzhí) (chiefly in exaggerations)
* 純然 / 纯然
* 純粹 / 纯粹 (chúncuì)
* 貼准 ($^7$tiq-tsen) (Wu)
* 逕直 / 迳直 (jìngzhí) (literary)
* (skillful):
* 嫻 / 娴 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 嫻熟 / 娴熟 (xiánshú) (formal)
* 熟 (shú)
* 熟嫻 / 熟娴 (shúxián) (literary)
* 熟手 (Hokkien, mainland China)
* 熟練 / 熟练 (shúliàn)
* 純熟 / 纯熟 (chúnshú)

#### Compounds

* 單純 / 单纯 (dānchún)
* 單純林 / 单纯林
* 單純詞 / 单纯词 (dānchúncí)
* 清純 / 清纯 (qīngchún)
* 渾純 / 浑纯
* 爐火純青 / 炉火纯青 (lúhuǒchúnqīng)
* 真純 / 真纯
* 精純 / 精纯
* 純一 / 纯一 (chúnyī)
* 純仁 / 纯仁
* 純利 / 纯利
* 純化 / 纯化 (chúnhuà)
* 純厚 / 纯厚 (chúnhòu)
* 純吏 / 纯吏
* 純品 / 纯品
* 純嘏 / 纯嘏
* 純如 / 纯如
* 純孝 / 纯孝
* 純小數 / 纯小数
* 純度 / 纯度 (chúndù)
* 純情 / 纯情 (chúnqíng)
* 純愛 / 纯爱 (chún'ài)
* 純所得 / 纯所得
* 純損 / 纯损
* 純文學 / 纯文学 (chúnwénxué)
* 純棉 / 纯棉 (chúnmián)
* 純樸 / 纯朴 (chúnpǔ)
* 純正 / 纯正 (chúnzhèng)
* 純水 / 纯水 (chúnshuǐ)
* 純水機 / 纯水机
* 純淨 / 纯净 (chúnjìng)
* 純淨新聞 / 纯净新闻
* 純潔 / 纯洁 (chúnjié)
* 純然 / 纯然
* 純熟 / 纯熟 (chúnshú)
* 純物質 / 纯物质
* 純白 / 纯白 (chúnbái)
* 純益 / 纯益
* 純真 / 纯真 (chúnzhēn)
* 純種 / 纯种 (chúnzhǒng)
* 純篤 / 纯笃 (chúndǔ)
* 純粹 / 纯粹 (chúncuì)
* 純粹主義 / 纯粹主义 (chúncuì zhǔyì)
* 純粹理性 / 纯粹理性
* 純粹科學 / 纯粹科学 (chúncuì kēxué)
* 純純 / 纯纯
* 純臣 / 纯臣
* 純良 / 纯良 (chúnliáng)
* 純色 / 纯色 (chúnsè)
* 純質 / 纯质
* 純金 / 纯金 (chúnjīn)
* 純銀 / 纯银 (chúnyín)
* 純陰 / 纯阴
* 純陽 / 纯阳
* 純陽祖師 / 纯阳祖师
* 純音 / 纯音
* 純香 / 纯香
* 純鹼 / 纯碱 (chúnjiǎn)
* 純麗 / 纯丽

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǔn (zhun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔn
*** Wade–Giles: chun$^3$
*** Yale: jwǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
*** Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^2$
*** Yale: jéun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsywinX
Rime :
| Character | 純 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之尹切 |
| Baxter | tsywinX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiuɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʷin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjuen$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cwin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǔn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeon$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjunʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 純 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12570 |
| Phonetic component | 屯 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 準 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjunʔ/ |

#### Definitions

純
* (Classical) border of a piece of clothing

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tún (tun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tyun$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tún
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tún
*** Wade–Giles: tʻun$^2$
*** Yale: twún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
*** Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tyun$^4$
*** Yale: tyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tün$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰyːn²¹/

#### Definitions

純
* (Classical) Classifier for a section of cloth.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)、しゅん (shun)、どん (don)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun)、とん (ton)
* Kun: きいと (kiito, 純)、もっぱら (moppara, 純)
* Nanori: あつ (atsu)、あつし (atsushi)、あや (aya)、いたる (itaru)、いと (ito)、きよし (kiyoshi)、すなお (sunao)、すみ (sumi)、つな (tsuna)、とう (tō)、まこと (makoto)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 純(じゅん)益(えき) (jun'eki, “net profit”, literally “pure gain”)
* 純(じゅん)金(きん) (junkin)
* 純(じゅん)潔(けつ) (junketsu)
* 純(じゅん)真(しん) (junshin)
* 純(じゅん)情(じょう) (junjō)
* 純(じゅん)粋(すい) (junsui)
* 純(じゅん)正(せい) (junsei)
* 純(じゅん)度(ど) (jundo)
* 純(じゅん)白(ぱく) (junpaku, literally “pure white”)
* 純(じゅん)米(まい)酒(しゅ) (junmaishu, “sake made without added alcohol or sugar”)
* 至(し)純(じゅん) (shijun, “absolute purity”)
* 清(せい)純(じゅん) (seijun)
* 単(たん)純(じゅん) (tanjun)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 純
* じゅん Grade: 6
* goon

#### Adjective

純(じゅん) • (jun) -na (adnominal 純(じゅん)な (jun na), adverbial 純(じゅん)に (jun ni))
* innocent

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 純だろ | じゅんだろ | jun daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 純で | じゅんで | jun de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 純だ | じゅんだ | jun da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 純な | じゅんな | jun na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 純なら | じゅんなら | jun nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 純であれ | じゅんであれ | jun de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 純ではない 純じゃない | じゅんではない じゅんじゃない | jun de wa nai jun ja nai |
| Informal past | 純だった | じゅんだった | jun datta |
| Informal negative past | 純ではなかった 純じゃなかった | じゅんではなかった じゅんじゃなかった | jun de wa nakatta jun ja nakatta |
| Formal | 純です | じゅんです | jun desu |
| Formal negative | 純ではありません 純じゃありません | じゅんではありません じゅんじゃありません | jun de wa arimasen jun ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 純でした | じゅんでした | jun deshita |
| Formal negative past | 純ではありませんでした 純じゃありませんでした | じゅんではありませんでした じゅんじゃありませんでした | jun de wa arimasen deshita jun ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 純で | じゅんで | jun de |
| Conditional | 純なら（ば） | じゅんなら（ば） | jun nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 純だったら | じゅんだったら | jun dattara |
| Volitional | 純だろう | じゅんだろう | jun darō |
| Adverbial | 純に | じゅんに | jun ni |
| Degree | 純さ | じゅんさ | junsa |

#### Prefix

純(じゅん) • (jun-)
* pure

#### Proper noun

純(じゅん) • (Jun)
* a male given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 純
* あつし Grade: 6
* nanori

#### Proper noun

純(あつし) • (Atsushi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

純 (eumhun 순수할 순 (sunsuhal sun))
* hanja form of 순 (“innocence”)

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

純: Hán Nôm readings: thuần, chuẩn, đồn, truy, luồn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.