# 五穀
## Chinese

* 五穀 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 五穀 (Cantonese)
* 五穀 (Classical)
* ńg-kuk (Hakka)
* ngó͘-kok (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wǔgǔ
       (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄍㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu$^3$ gu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ng$^5$ guk$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ńg-kuk
    (Hailu, HRS): ng$^ˊ$ gug
* Jin (Wiktionary): vu$^2$ gueh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngù-gŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou$^3$ gorh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-kok / gó͘-kok / gō͘-kak / gǒ͘-kak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngou$^6$ gag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ng-koq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u$^3$ gu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔgǔ [Phonetic: wúgǔ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔgǔ
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: wǔ-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuuguu
*** Palladius: угу (ugu)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wu$^3$ gu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ugu
*** Sinological IPA : /vu⁵³ ku²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ng$^5$ guk$^1$
*** Yale: ńgh gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ng$^5$ guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ng$^5$ gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ̍¹³ kʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-kuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: ng$^ˋ$ gug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ng$^3$ gug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ kuk̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ng$^ˊ$ gug
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋ²⁴⁻³³ kuk⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: vu$^2$ gueh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu⁵³ kuəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngù-gŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋu⁴² ku²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$ gorh$^6$ [Phonetic: gou$^2$ gorh$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô-go̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ kɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$ gorh$^6$ [Phonetic: gou$^2$ gorh$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu³³²⁻¹³ kɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-kok
*** Tâi-lô: ngóo-kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngofkog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gó͘-kok
*** Tâi-lô: góo-kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gofkog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘-kak
*** Tâi-lô: gōo-kak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goxkag
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gǒ͘-kak
*** Tâi-lô: gǒo-kak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²² kak̚⁵/
* ngó͘-kok/gó͘-kok - literary;
* gō͘-kak/gǒ͘-kak - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: nguX kuwk
Rime :
| Character | 五 | 穀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 疑古切 | 古禄切 |
| Baxter | nguX | kuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋuo$^X$/ | /kuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋuo$^X$/ | /kuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋo$^X$/ | /kuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɔ$^X$/ | /kəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋo$^X$/ | /kuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋu$^X$/ | /kuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋuo$^X$/ | /kuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǔ | gu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ng$^5$ | guk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤaʔ [k]ˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːʔ kloːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 五 | 穀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǔ | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngu$^X$ › | ‹ kuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ŋˁaʔ/ | /*[k]ˁok/ |
| English | five | grain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 五 | 穀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13147 | 7423 |
| Phonetic component | 五 | 殻 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 五 | 穀 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːʔ/ | /*kloːɡ/ |

### Noun

五穀
* the Five Grains or Five Cereals
    From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 47
    $^6$gnin $^6$ze $^6$zy $^7$chiq $^6$ng-koq $^5$tsan $^6$du $^0$gheq $^6$gnin-gnin $^5$iau $^1$san-bin [Wugniu]
    Everyone grows up eating the five grains, and everyone gets sick sometimes.

#### Synonyms

* (Jin) 五穀雜糧／五谷杂粮 (wǔgǔzáliáng)

#### Derived terms

* 五穀豐登 / 五谷丰登 (wǔgǔfēngdēng)
* 五穀雜糧 / 五谷杂粮 (wǔgǔzáliáng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 五(ご)穀(こく) (gokoku)
* → Korean: 오곡(五穀) (ogok)
* → Vietnamese: ngũ cốc (五穀)

### References

* “五穀”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 穀 |
| ご Grade: 1 | こく Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 五穀 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ごこく [góꜜkòkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡo̞ko̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

五(ご)穀(こく) • (gokoku)
* the Five Grains or Five Cereals

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 五 | 穀 |

### Noun

五穀 • (ogok) (hangeul 오곡)
* hanja form of 오곡 (“the Five Grains or Five Cereals”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 五 | 穀 |

### Noun

五穀
* chữ Hán form of ngũ cốc (“the Five Grains or Five Cereals”).