# dringen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch dringen, from Old Dutch *thringan, from Proto-West Germanic *þringwan, from Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdrɪŋə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: drin‧gen
* Rhymes: -ɪŋən

### Verb

dringen
* (intransitive) to press, push (into a tight space, a crowd etc)
* (intransitive) to insist
* (intransitive) to force entry
* (intransitive) to be short in supply (of time, etc)
    de tijd dringttime is short

#### Derived terms

* dringend
* aandringen
* afdringen
* bedringen
* bijeendringen
* binnendringen
* doordringen
* heendringen
* indringen
* ineendringen
* klaardringen
* losdringen
* nadringen
* nederdringen
* omdringen
* onderdringen
* ontdringen
* opdringen
* opeendringen
* opendringen
* overdringen
* platdringen
* samendringen
* tegendringen
* terugdringen
* toedringen
* uitdringen
* vastdringen
* verdringen
* voorbijdringen
* voordringen
* voortdringen
* vooruitdringen
* wegdringen

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German dringen, from Old High German dringan. Akin to drängen and Drang. Cognate with dialectal English thring and, more distantly, with English throng.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdʁɪŋən/
* Hyphenation: dring‧en
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪŋn̩

### Verb

dringen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present dringt, past tense drang, past participle gedrungen, past subjunctive dränge, auxiliary haben or sein)
* (intransitive) to insist; to press [auxiliary haben]
    auf etwas dringen ― to press for something / to insist on something
* (intransitive) to ooze; to seep [auxiliary sein]
    in etwas dringen ― to seep into something
* (intransitive) to penetrate, to force one’s way [auxiliary sein]
    durch etwas dringen ― to penetrate something (literally, “to force one’s way into something”)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Eindringling
* eindringen
* durchdringen
* hereindringen
* vordringen
* aufdringen
* abdringen
* zudringen

### Further reading

* “dringen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “dringen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “dringen” in Duden online
* “dringen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Low German
### Etymology

From Middle Low German dringen, from Old Saxon thringan. Cognate with English thring.

### Verb

dringen (third-person singular simple present dringt, past tense drung, past participle drungen, auxiliary verb wesen or hebben)
* (intransitive, auxiliary hebben) to insist; to press
    op wat dringen ― to press for something, insist on something
* (intransitive, auxiliary: wesen) to ooze; to seep
    in wat dringen ― to seep into something
* (intransitive, auxiliary: wesen) to force one’s way
    dörch wat dringen ― to penetrate something (literally, “to force one’s way into something”)

#### Conjugation

Note: This conjugation is one of many. Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *thringan.

### Verb

dringen
* to press, to push
* to force one's way
* to pressure, to bother
* to extort

#### Descendants

* Dutch: dringen
** Afrikaans: dring
* Limburgish: dringe

### Further reading

* “dringhen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dringen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I