# 夙興夜寐
## Chinese

| | | morning | interest; flourish; it is the fashion tointerest; flourish; it is the fashion to; to become popular | night | sleep soundly |
| trad. (夙興夜寐) | trad. (夙興夜寐) | 夙 | 興 | 夜 | 寐 |
| simp. (夙兴夜寐) | simp. (夙兴夜寐) | 夙 | 兴 | 夜 | 寐 |

### Etymology

From the Classic of Poetry, poem 58 (《詩經·衞風·氓》):
    三歲為婦，靡室勞矣。 夙興夜寐，靡有朝矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]三岁为妇，靡室劳矣。 夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionSān suì wéi fù, mǐ shì láo yǐ. Sù xīng yè mèi, mǐ yǒu zhāo yǐ. [Pinyin]For three years I was your wife, And thought nothing of my toil in your house. I rose early and went to sleep late, Not intermitting my labours for a morning.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sùxīngyèmèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): suk$^1$ hing$^1$ je$^6$ mei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sùxīngyèmèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sùsingyèmèi
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$-hsing$^1$-yeh$^4$-mei$^4$
*** Yale: sù-syīng-yè-mèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suhshingyehmey
*** Palladius: сусинъемэй (susinʺjemɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^1$ hing$^1$ je$^6$ mei$^6$
*** Yale: sūk hīng yeh meih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^7$ hing$^1$ je$^6$ mei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^1$ hing$^1$ yé$^6$ méi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵ jɛː²² mei̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: sjuwk xing yaeH mjijH
Rime :
| Character | 夙 | 興 | 夜 | 寐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 曉 (32) | 以 (36) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 蒸 (133) | 麻 (100) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息逐切 | 虚陵切 | 羊謝切 | 彌二切 |
| Baxter | sjuwk | xing | yaeH | mjijH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨuk̚/ | /hɨŋ/ | /jia$^H$/ | /miɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siuk̚/ | /hɨŋ/ | /jia$^H$/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siuk̚/ | /xieŋ/ | /ia$^H$/ | /mjɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suwk̚/ | /hiŋ/ | /jia$^H$/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /siuk̚/ | /xiəŋ/ | /ia$^H$/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuk̚/ | /xĭəŋ/ | /jĭa$^H$/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯uk̚/ | /xi̯əŋ/ | /i̯a$^H$/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | su | xīng | yè | mì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^1$ | hing$^1$ | je$^6$ | mei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk qʰ(r)əŋ [ɢ]Ak-s mi[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suɡ qʰɯŋ laːɡs mids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夙 | 興 | 夜 | 寐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sù | xīng | yè | mèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjuwk › | ‹ xing › | ‹ yæ$^H$ › | ‹ mjij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]uk/ | /*qʰ(r)əŋ/ | /*[ɢ]Ak-s/ | /*mi[t]-s/ |
| English | early morning | lift, rise | night | sleep |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夙 | 興 | 夜 | 寐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12098 | 13858 | 14992 | 12910 |
| Phonetic component | 夙 | 興 | 亦 | 未 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 蒸 | 暮 | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 肅 | 興 | 夜 | 寐 |
| Old Chinese | /*suɡ/ | /*qʰɯŋ/ | /*laːɡs/ | /*mids/ |

### Idiom

夙興夜寐
* to work hard night and day; to burn the candle at both ends
    From: c. 989, 王禹偁 (Wang Yucheng),《待漏院記》
    Shì bùdú yǒu qí dé, yì jiē wù yú qín ěr. Kuàng sùxìngyèmèi, yǐ shì yīrén, qīngdàfū yóurán, kuàng zǎixiàng hū? [Pinyin]
    They were distinguished not only by their noble virtues, but also by their admirable diligence, for they rose early in the morning and reposed late at night to serve their sovereigns. If ministers still behaved like this, how could premiers do otherwise?
    From: 2019 April 29, 仲青平 (Zhong Qingping), 《向所有奋斗中的劳动者致敬》, in China Youth Daily, page 1
    […] méiyǒu sùxìngyèmèi de chéngxùyuán, zhōngguó hùliánwǎng chǎnyè wúfǎ shíxiàn “wāndào chāochē”, chéngjiù yīge yòu yīge gūzhí guò yì de qǐyè; […] [Pinyin]
    @[…] Weren’t there programmers working hard all day long, China’s Internet industries would never “overtake on the bend”, evolving into billions-valued enterprises one after one. @[…]

#### Synonyms

* 起早坐晏 (Hokkien)
* 起早坐暗 (Hokkien)
* 起早坐酉 (Hokkien)
* 起早摸暗 (Hokkien)
* 起早摸黑
* 起早暝晏 (Puxian Min)
* 起早暝暗 (Puxian Min)
* 起早貪黑 / 起早贪黑 (qǐzǎotānhēi)
* 起早起晏 (Puxian Min)