# spiro
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈspɪɹəʊ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈspɪɹoʊ/, (sometimes) /ˈspaɪɹoʊ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Latin spīra (“coil, twist”).

#### Noun

spiro (uncountable)
* (organic chemistry, attributively) A polycyclic compound or system that contains a single atom as the only common member of two rings.

##### Derived terms

* polyspiro
* spiro compound

##### Related terms

* spiran
* spirene
* spiro-
* spironolactone

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

spiro (uncountable)
* (transgender slang) Clipping of spironolactone.
    Coordinate terms: bica, cypro
** 2022, Laura Erickson-Schroth, editor, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 315:I was on estradiol tablets, finasteride, micronized progesterone, and spironolactone. I had an orchiectomy and have been taken off of progesterone and spiro. As far as changes to my body, they have been very miniscule in comparison to a person half my age. The most changes have been in my face.
** 2022 January 31, Bella Cacciatore, “How Pregnancy and Social Media Helped Kara Nesvig’s Hormonal Acne”, in Glamour‎:After trying everything short of Accutane, she finally found her magic combo of spironolactone and hormonal birth control. “Birth control and spiro were my dream duo,” she says. “They knocked out my acne, my skin was flawless, but I had to have both.”
** 2024 September 24, Beth Gillette, “I Tested Apostrophe, and I’ll Never Get Acne Meds From My Derm’s Office Again”, in Cosmopolitan‎:Important to keep in mind: It usually takes up to three months to see a difference with tretinoin. So don’t expect miracles in a matter of a few weeks. However! Because I had been using tret previously, it really was like I just added the tranexamic acid and topical spiro to my routine.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Piros, sirop, spori-

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈspiro]
* Rhymes: -iro
* Hyphenation: spir‧o

### Noun

spiro (accusative singular spiron, plural spiroj, accusative plural spirojn)
* breath

#### Related terms

* spiri

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈspi.ro/
* Rhymes: -iro
* Hyphenation: spì‧ro

### Verb

spiro
* first-person singular present indicative of spirare

### Anagrams

* porsi, rospi

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *speizō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow, breathe”), apparently of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *fīsaną (“to blow; to fart”) (for which see English fist, fise for more), Welsh ffun (“breath, gasp; spirit”), and perhaps Proto-Slavic *pīskàti (“to squeak, whistle”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈspiː.roː/, [ˈs̠piːroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈspi.ro/, [ˈspiːro]

### Verb

spīrō (present infinitive spīrāre, perfect active spīrāvī, supine spīrātum); first conjugation
* to breathe, draw breath, respire
* to blow, breathe, burst forth
* (intransitive, with accusative) to breathe out, exhale, emit
* (figuratively) to breathe, live, be alive (usually in the present participle)
* (figuratively) to be poetically inspired
* (figuratively) to design, intend, express

#### Derived terms

* altē spīrō
* aspīrō
* cōnspīrō
* exspīrō
* īnspīrō
* perspīrō
* respīrō
* spīrābilis
* spīrāculum
* spīrāmentum
* spīrātiō
* spīrātus
* spīritus
* suspīrō
* transpīrō

#### Related terms

* spīritālis
* spīritālitās
* spīritāliter
* spīritus asper
* spīritus lēnis
* spīritus sānctus

#### Descendants

* Italian: spirare
* → Catalan: espirar
* → Icelandic: spíra
* → Old French: espirer, anspirer, enspirer, inspirer (some forms influenced by inspīrāre)
** French: inspirer
** → Middle English: enspiren, ensperen
*** English: inspire
*** Scots: enspire
* → Spanish: espirar

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “spīrō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 581

### Further reading

* “spiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “spiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* spiro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a man's soul breathes through his writings: alicuius mens in scriptis spirat
* spiro in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016