OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# گناه
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* گنه (gonah) (archaic)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /⁠wināh⁠/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍 (wynʾh /⁠wināh⁠/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- (from Proto-Indo-European *wí (“apart, against”)) and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (gināsk), Northern Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡu.ˈnɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡʊ.nɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡu.nɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥o.nɒ́ːʰ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡu.nɔ́ʱ]

### Noun

گناه • (gonâh) (plural گناهان (gonâhân) or گناه‌ها (gonâh-hâ))
* sin
* crime, guilt
** 11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi
    امیر گفت: پس از حسنک درین باب چه گناه بوده است؟ که اگر راه بادیه آمدی در خون آنهمه خلق شدیamir goft: "pas az hasanak darin bâb če gonâh bude ast? ke agar râh-e bâdiye âmadi, dar xun-e ânhame xalq šodi."Amir said: "So what was Hasanak's crime here? For if he would come through the desert route, he would have been responsible for the blood of so many people."

#### Derived terms

* بی‌گناه (bi-gonâh)
* گناه‌کار (gonâh-kâr)
* گناه کبیره (gonâh-e kabire)

#### Descendants

* → Tajik: гуноҳ (gunoh)
** → Uzbek: gunoh
* → Arabic: جُنَاح (junāḥ) (from Middle Persian)
** → Persian: جناح (jonâh) (rare)
* → Azerbaijani: günəh, günah
** → Armenian:
*** Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ (günäh)
* → Bashkir: гонаһ (gonah)
* → Dungan: гўнахар (gwnahar)
* → Kazakh: күнә (künä)
* → Kurdish:
** Central Kurdish: گوناح (gunaḧ), گوناھ (gunah)
** Northern Kurdish: gune, guneh, guna, gunah
* → Kyrgyz: күнөө (künöö)
* → Ottoman Turkish: گناه (günah), جناه (cünah), կիւնահ (günah) — Armeno-Turkish
** Turkish: günah
** → Albanian: gjynah
** → Armenian: (Constantinople) գո̈ւնահ (günah), (Van) գո̈ւնախ (günax)
** →? Hungarian: bűn
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ђу̀на̄х
    Latin script: đùnāh
* → Punjabi: ਗੁਨਾਹ (gunāh)
* → Rohingya: guná
* → Tatar: гөнаһ (gönah)
* → Turkmen: günä / гүнә
* → Urdu: گناہ (gunāh)
* → Uyghur: گۇنا (guna), گۇناھ (gunah)
* → Zazaki: guna

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wināh”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 91
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “վնաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 347
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282ff
* Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “vinās”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 213a
# গুনাহ
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* গুনা (guna), গোনা (gōna), গোনাহ (gōnaho)
* গুণা (guṇa) — archaic

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گناه (gunāh), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /⁠wināh⁠/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍 (wynʾh /⁠wināh⁠/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- (from Proto-Indo-European *wí (“apart, against”)) and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (gunās), Northern Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa). Doublet of বিনাশ (binaś).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ɡuna/, [ɡunaˑ], /ɡunaɦ/, [ɡunaɦ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ɡuna/, [ɡunaˑ], /ɡunaɦ/, [ɡunaɦ]

### Noun

গুনাহ • (gunah) (objective গুনাহ (gunaho) or গুনাহকে (gunahoke), genitive গুনাহের (gunaher), locative গুনাহে (gunahe))
* sin, crime
    Synonym: পাপ (pap)
    বাদে আমি শুনলাম তার গুনাহের বয়ানbade ami śunlam tar gunaher boẏanThen I heard a description of his sin.

#### Derived terms

* গুনা খাতা (guna khata)
* গুনাগার (gunagar)
* গুনাগারী (gunagari)

### References

* Accessible Dictionary, “গুনাহ” Bengali-Bengali, Government of Bangladesh
* Accessible Dictionary, “গুনাহ” Bengali-English, Government of Bangladesh
# گواه
## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian gwk’dy (gugāy). From Proto-Indo-European *wí (“apart”) + *kʷeḱ- (“to see”); literally meaning “to see apart, differentiate”. Compare Old Armenian վկայ (vkay), an Iranian borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡu.ˈwɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊ.wɑ́ːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊ.wɑ́ːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡʊ.wɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡu.wɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥o.vɒ́ːʰ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡu.vɔ́ʱ]

### Noun

گواه • (govâh) (plural گواهان (govâhân) or گواه‌ها (govâh-hâ))
* witness
    Synonym: شاهد (šâhed)
** 1705, Guru Gobind Singh, “verse 13”, in ظفرنامه [Zafarnama]:مرا اعتباری برین قسم نیست که ایزد گواه است و یزدان یکیستma-râ e'tebâri bar in qasam nist ke izad govâh ast o yazdan yaki-stFor me, there is no credit in this oath [of yours], that God is [your] witness and the Lord is One.
* evidence
    Synonyms: شاهد (šâhed), مدرک (madrak)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2710:قوم گفتند ای گروه مدعی کو گواه علم طب و نافعیqowm goftand ey goruh-e modda'i ku govâh-e 'elm-e tebb o nâfe'iThe people said, "O ye company of impostors, where is the evidence of [your] knowledge of medicine and [your] usefulness?"

#### Related terms

* گواه آوردن (govâh âvardan)
* گواه گرفتن (govâh gereftan)
* گواهی (govâhi, gavâhi)
* گواهی‌نامه (govâhi-nâme)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: गवाह (gavāh)
    Urdu: گواه (gavāh)
* → Uzbek: guvoh
* → Kazakh: куә (kuä)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਗਵਾਹ (gavāh)
    Shahmukhi script: گواه (gavāh)

### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “گواه”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gwk’dy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38
* Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 523
# tsékʼi naʼazólii
## Navajo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

tsékʼi naʼazólii
* chuckwalla
# naʼashǫ́ʼiitsoh naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí
## Navajo
### Etymology

naʼashǫ́ʼii (“lizard”) + -tsoh (“big”) + naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (“it swims”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)

### Noun

naʼashǫ́ʼiitsoh naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí
* marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
# تسمين
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Verbal noun of سَمَّنَ (sammana).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tas.miːn/
* Rhymes: -iːn

#### Noun

تَسْمِين • (tasmīn) m
* verbal noun of سَمَّنَ (sammana) (form II)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

تسمين (form I)
* تَسُمِّينَ (tasummīna) /ta.sum.miː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of سَمَّ (samma)
* تُسَمِّينَ (tusammīna) /tu.sam.miː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative of سَمَّ (samma)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

تَسِمِينَ • (tasimīna) (form I) /ta.si.miː.na/
* second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of وَسَمَ (wasama)

### Etymology 4.1
#### Verb

تسمين (form II)
* تُسَمِّينَ (tusammīna) /tu.sam.miː.na/: inflection of سَمَّى (sammā):
** second-person feminine singular/plural non-past active indicative
** second-person feminine plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تُسَمَّيْنَ (tusammayna) /tu.sam.maj.na/: inflection of سَمَّى (sammā):
** second-person feminine singular/plural non-past passive indicative
** second-person feminine plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive

### Etymology 4.2
#### Verb

تسمين (form IV)
* تُسْمِينَ (tusmīna) /tus.miː.na/: inflection of أَسْمَى (ʔasmā):
** second-person feminine singular/plural non-past active indicative
** second-person feminine plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تُسْمَيْنَ (tusmayna) /tus.maj.na/: inflection of أَسْمَى (ʔasmā):
** second-person feminine singular/plural non-past passive indicative
** second-person feminine plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive

### Etymology 4.3
#### Verb

تَسَمَّيْنَ • (tasammayna) (form V) /ta.sam.maj.na/
* inflection of تَسَمَّى (tasammā):
** third-person feminine plural past active
** second-person feminine plural imperative

### Etymology 5.1
#### Verb

تَسْمِينَ • (tasmīna) (form I) /tas.miː.na/
* second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of سَمَا (samā)

### Etymology 5.2
#### Verb

تسمين (form IV)
* تُسْمِينَ (tusmīna) /tus.miː.na/: inflection of أَسْمَى (ʔasmā):
** second-person feminine singular/plural non-past active indicative
** second-person feminine plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تُسْمَيْنَ (tusmayna) /tus.maj.na/: inflection of أَسْمَى (ʔasmā):
** second-person feminine singular/plural non-past passive indicative
** second-person feminine plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive
# yílnoodii
## Navajo
### Noun

yílnoodii
* barracuda
# hashtłʼishdi tádíʼnéehii
## Navajo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

hashtłʼishdi tádíʼnéehii
* mudskipper
# Ishikawa
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 石川(いしかわ) (Ishikawa).

### Proper noun

Ishikawa (countable and uncountable, plural Ishikawas)
* Ishikawa prefecture, a prefecture in Northern central region of Japan.
* A surname from Japanese.

#### Derived terms

* Ishikawa diagram

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Ishikawa is the 16833rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1696 individuals. Ishikawa is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (80.31%) individuals.

### See also

* Aichi
* Akita
* Aomori
* Chiba
* Ehime
* Fukui
* Fukuoka
* Fukushima
* Gifu
* Gunma
* Hiroshima
* Hokkaidō
* Hyōgo
* Ibaraki
* Ishikawa
* Iwate
* Kagawa
* Kagoshima
* Kanagawa
* Kōchi
* Kumamoto
* Kyoto
* Mie
* Miyagi
* Miyazaki
* Nagano
* Nagasaki
* Nara
* Niigata
* Ōita
* Okayama
* Okinawa
* Osaka
* Saga
* Saitama
* Shiga
* Shimane
* Shizuoka
* Tochigi
* Tokushima
* Tokyo
* Tottori
* Toyama
* Wakayama
* Yamagata
* Yamaguchi
* Yamanashi

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Ishikawa”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 234.

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 石川 (Ishikawa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ʃi.ka.wa/

### Proper noun

Ishikawa ?
* a surname from Japanese

## Japanese
### Romanization

Ishikawa
* Rōmaji transcription of いしかわ

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 石川 (Ishikawa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʃiˈkawa/ [i.ʃiˈka.wa]
* Rhymes: -awa
* Syllabification: I‧shi‧ka‧wa

### Proper noun

Ishikawa m or f by sense
* a surname from Japanese

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 石川 (Ishikawa).

### Proper noun

Ishikawa (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜃᜏ)
* a surname from Japanese
# أبن
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Denominal verb of إِبَّان (ʔibbān, “time”).

#### Verb

أَبَّنَ • (ʔabbana) II (non-past يُؤَبِّنُ (yuʔabbinu), verbal noun تَأْبِين (taʔbīn))
* to eulogize, to pay homage to a dead person, to commemorate the times of
* (obsolete) to be on the tracks of, to follow the traces of
* (obsolete) to watch, to observe, to wait for

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Denominal verb of بَنَّة (banna, “odour in particular from lodging-places due to cattle”), or a previous meaning “ground” of بُنّ (bunn), Omani Arabic بُون (būn, “origin, root”).

#### Verb

أَبَنَّ • (ʔabanna) IV (non-past يُبِنُّ (yubinnu), verbal noun إِبْنَان (ʔibnān)) (obsolete)
* to stick, to stay, to remain [with بِ (bi)]
** a. 800, أبو زيد سعيد بن أوس الأنصاري [ʔabū zayd saʕīd ibn ʔaws al-ʔanṣārīy], كتاب النوادر [Buch der Seltenheiten]: Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht (1888) Kleinere Schriften‎ (in German), volume 3, Leipzig: S. Hirzel, page 484
    يَا كَرَوَانًا ضُكَّ فَأَكْبَأَنَّا فَشَنَّ بِٱلسَلْخِ فَلَمَّا شَنَّا … بَلَّ ٱلذُنَابَى عَبَسًا مُبِنَّاyā karawānan ḍukka faʔakbaʔannā fašanna bi-s-salḵi falammā šannā … balla ḏ-ḏunābā ʕabasan mubinnāYou thick-knee! Which when bumped will clew and toss dung and having hurled … moistens the tail with sticky soil!

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Verb

أَبِنْ • (ʔabin) (form I) /ʔa.bin/
* first-person singular non-past active jussive of بَانَ (bāna)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

أبن (form I)
* أَبْنِ (ʔabni) /ʔab.ni/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of بَنَى (banā)
* أُبْنَ (ʔubna) /ʔub.na/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of بَنَى (banā)

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

أُبْنَ • (ʔubna) (form I) /ʔub.na/
* inflection of آبَ (ʔāba):
** third-person feminine plural past active
** second-person feminine plural imperative

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَبَّنَ (ʔabbana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔab.ban/, [ˈʔab.ban]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

أبّن • (ʔabban) II (present بأبّن (biʔabben))
* to eulogize
# tsiikʼánii
## Navajo
### Noun

tsiikʼánii
* hammerkop (bird)
* guitarfish
# kufichusha
## Swahili
### Verb

kufichusha (verbal noun of the ku class)
* infinitive of -fichusha
# kufichuana
## Swahili
### Verb

kufichuana (verbal noun of the ku class)
* infinitive of -fichuana
# ستوه
## Persian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [su.toːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊ.t̪ʰoːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊ.t̪ʰoːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sʊ.t̪ʰoː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [su.t̪ʰʊː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [so.t̪ʰuːʱ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [su.t̪ʰɵʰ]

### Adjective

ستوه • (sutōh / sotuh)
* (archaic) defeated, beaten
    Synonym: شکست‌خورده (šikast-xwarda / šekast-xorde)
* (archaic) fatigued, exhausted
    Synonyms: خسته (xasta / xaste), افگار (afgār / afgâr)
* overwhelmed, helpless
    Synonyms: درمانده (darmānda / darmânde), عاجز (ājiz / âjez), ملول (malūl / malul), بیچاره (bēčāra / bičâre)

#### Derived terms

* به ستوه آمدن (ba sutōh āmadan / be sotuh âmadan)
* به ستوه آوردن (ba sutōh āwardan / be sotuh âvardan)
* نستوه (nastōh / nastuh)

#### Related terms

* ستهیدن (sitihīdan / setehidan)

#### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “ستوه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “ستوه”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 212
* “ستوه”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024
# S&W
## English
### Proper noun

S&W
* Initialism of Smith & Wesson: an American manufacturer of firearms, ammunition and restraints founded in 1852.

### Noun

S&W (plural S&Ws)
* A Smith & Wesson firearm.

### Anagrams

* W's, WS, Ws, w's, ws
# św.
## Polish
### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /ˈɕfjɛn.tɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɛntɘ
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

#### Noun

św. m pers
* Abbreviation of święty: St (male Saint)

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /ˈɕfjɛn.ta/
* Rhymes: -ɛnta
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

#### Noun

św. f
* Abbreviation of święta: St (a female Saint)

### Pronunciation 3

* IPA: /ˈɕfja.dɛk/
* Rhymes: -adɛk
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

#### Noun

św. m pers
* Abbreviation of świadek: a witness

##### Declension
### Further reading

* św. in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* św. in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# šw
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ʃuː/
** Conventional anglicization: shu

### Adjective

* perfective active participle of šwj: empty, devoid, lacking

#### Inflection
### Proper noun

m
* the god Shu (literally “Emptiness”), personification of the space between the earth and sky [since the Pyramid Texts]

#### Alternative forms

| šw | šw | šw | šw | šw | šw | šw |
| [Old Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the New Kingdom] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

#### Descendants

* → Ancient Greek: Σῶς (Sôs)
* → English: Shu

### Noun

m
* blank (sheet or roll of) papyrus [since the Middle Kingdom]
    ― šw wꜥb ― clean sheet of papyrus

#### Alternative forms

| šww | šw |
| [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] |
| in hieratic |

### Noun

m
* destitute or needy person, one who has nothing

#### Alternative forms

šw :
[Late Period] :

### Noun

m
* light (of the sun or moon) falling on things, light as opposed to shadow; sunlight or moonlight [since the Middle Kingdom]
    ― jrj šw ― to produce light
    ― rḏj n šw ― to set (something) in the sun
* sun
* (figuratively) epithet for the king [since the Amarna Period]

#### Alternative forms

| šw | šw | šw | šwy | šww | šww |
| | | | [New Kingdom] | [Late and Greco-Roman Periods] | [Late and Greco-Roman Periods] |
| | | | in hieratic |

### Noun

m
* parasol, sunshade [Pyramid Texts and Old Kingdom]
* protection [Pyramid Texts and Old Kingdom]

#### Alternative forms

| šw | šjw |

#### Related terms

* šwt

### See also

* 𓆄

### References

* “šw (lemma ID 152710)”, “šw (lemma ID 152700)”, “šw (lemma ID 152680)”, “šw (lemma ID 152750)”, and “šw (lemma ID 152770)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 427.20, 428.5–428.12, 429.1–429.4, 430.6–431.12, 432.1–432.5
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 263
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 148–149.
# Manilow
## English
### Proper noun

Manilow
* A surname

#### Derived terms

* Fanilow
* Maniloony
# ستهیدن
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* ستیهیدن (sitēhīdan / setihidan)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [si.ti.hiː.ðan], [si.teː.hi.ðan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.t̪ʰe̞.ɦiː.d̪än], [sɪ.t̪ʰeː.ɦɪ.d̪än]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.t̪ʰe̞.ɦiː.d̪än], [sɪ.t̪ʰeː.ɦɪ.d̪än]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɪ.t̪ʰɪiː.d̪än], [sɪ.t̪ʰeː.jɪ.d̪än]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [si.t̪ʰii.d̪än], [si.t̪ʰii.d̪än]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [se.t̪ʰe.ɦiː.d̪æn], [se.t̪ʰiː.ɦe.d̪æn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [si.t̪ʰi.ɦi.d̪än], [si.t̪ʰe.ɦi.d̪än]

### Verb

ستهیدن • (sitihīdan / setehidan) (present stem سته (sitih / seteh))
* (archaic) to withstand, defy, persevere, not give in

#### Derived terms

* ستهنده (sitihanda / setehande)

#### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “ستهیدن”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
# kʼaiʼbisii
## Navajo
### Noun

kʼaiʼbisii
* veery
# grampo
## Italian
### Etymology

From New Latin, from English grampus, ultimately from Latin crassius (“fat”) + piscis (“fish”).

### Noun

grampo m (plural grampi)
* kind of grey dolphin (Grampus griseus)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From grampa, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), possibly via Old French crampe and/or Medieval Latin crampa; compare Galician grampa. See also cãibra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾɐ̃.pu/
* Rhymes: -ɐ̃pu
* Hyphenation: gram‧po

### Noun

grampo m (plural grampos)
* (nautical) clamp
* (Brazil) clip, staple, holdfast (U-shaped)
    Synonym: (Portugal) agrafo
* (slang) bug (electronic listening device)
* (Brazil, slang) handcuff
* (Brazil) hairpin

#### Synonyms

* (clamp): grampa
* (hairpin, Portugal): gancho

#### Derived terms

* grampear

### Further reading

* “grampo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# غليان
## Arabic
### Etymology

From غَلَى (ḡalā, “to boil”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣa.la.jaːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Noun

غَلَيَان • (ḡalayān) m
* verbal noun of غَلَى (ḡalā) (form I)
* boiling
* rage

#### Descendants

* South Levantine Arabic: غلیان
* → Ottoman Turkish: غلیان (ḡalayān)
** Turkish: galeyan

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣal.jaːn/, [ɣalˈjæːn]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Adjective

غليان • (ḡalyān) (feminine غليانة (ḡalyāne))
* newly expensive, gone up in price

##### See also

* غلي (ḡili, “to become more expensive”)
* غالي (ḡāli, “expensive”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣa.la.jaːn/, [ɣa.laˈjæːn]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

غليان • (ḡalayān) m
* boiling
* unrest
# gáagii naashchʼąąʼígíí
## Navajo
### Noun

gáagii naashchʼąąʼígíí
* roller (bird) (Coraciidae)
# chercha
## French
### Verb

chercha
* third-person singular past historic of chercher

## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃeɾt͡ʃa/ [ˈt͡ʃeɾ.t͡ʃa]
* Rhymes: -eɾtʃa
* Syllabification: cher‧cha

### Noun

chercha f (plural cherchas)
* (Dominican Republic) joke
* (Dominican Republic) party

### Further reading

* “chercha”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# naalʼeełí naashchʼąąʼígíí
## Navajo
### Etymology

From naalʼeełí (“duck”) + naashchʼąąʼ (“painted, decorated”) +‎ -ígíí (nominalizer)

### Noun

naalʼeełí naashchʼąąʼígíí
* wood duck
# kuwafikia
## Swahili
### Verb

kuwafikia (verbal noun of the ku class)
* infinitive of -wafikia
# babon
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (babon, “female animal; animal that spawns especially female chicken; hen; capital that produces interest; original copy; sumber from a quote”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbabon/ [ˈba.bon]
* Rhymes: -abon
* Syllabification: ba‧bon

### Noun

babon (plural babon-babon)
* hen
* mother (especially for animals)
    Synonym: induk
    Gue tangkap ikan baronang babon cuy!I caught a mother Rabbitfish dude!
* manuscript; copy; script; codex
    Synonym: naskah
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Standard Malay usage can be seen in babun.

### Further reading

* “babon” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

From baba +‎ -on.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.bɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -abɔn
* Syllabification: ba‧bon

### Noun

babon m animal
* (colloquial, derogatory) broad, bag (a woman)
    Synonyms: babol, babsko, babsztyl, babus
    Hypernym: kobieta

#### Declension
### Further reading

* babon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* babon in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bubon.

### Noun

babon n (plural baboane)
* (dated) bubo

#### Declension
### References

* babon in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
# jáádtsʼósí
## Navajo
### Noun

jáádtsʼósí
* avocet
# mantiki
## Swahili
### Etymology

From Arabic مَنْطِق (manṭiq).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

mantiki class IX (plural mantiki class X)
* logic
* context
# hashtłʼish jeeshóóʼ
## Navajo
### Noun

hashtłʼish jeeshóóʼ
* lammergeier