# 錫

| 錫 | U+932B, &#37675; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-932B |
| ← 錪 [U+932A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 錬 → [U+932C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

錫 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金日心竹 (CAPH), four-corner 8612$_7$, composition ⿰釒易)

#### Derived characters

* 𡃶

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1312, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40573
* Dae Jaweon: page 1813, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4219, character 3
* Unihan data for U+932B

## Chinese

* 錫 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 錫 (Cantonese)
* 錫 (Classical)
* siak (Hakka)
* sék (Eastern Min)
* siah (Southern Min)
* 錫 (Wu)
* Tin (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 錫 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 賜 | *sleːɡs |
| 儩 | *sleɡs |
| 舓 | *ɦljeʔ |
| 易 | *leːɡs, *leɡ |
| 敡 | *leɡs |
| 鬄 | *sljeɡ |
| 睗 | *hljeɡ |
| 晹 | *hljeɡ |
| 痬 | *leɡ |
| 蜴 | *leɡ |
| 埸 | *leɡ |
| 逷 | *l̥ʰeːɡ |
| 剔 | *l̥ʰeːɡ |
| 踢 | *tʰeːɡ |
| 惕 | *l̥ʰeːɡ |
| 錫 | *sleːɡ |
| 裼 | *sleːɡ |
| 緆 | *sleːɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī, xí
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sek$^3$ / sek$^6$ / sik$^3$ / sik$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiak$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siak / sit
    (Hailu, HRS): siag / sid
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiag$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xieh$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sia$^5$ / sah$^6$ / sih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siah / siak / sek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiq
* Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): xi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sí
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^2$
*** Yale: syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sek$^3$ / sek$^6$ / sik$^3$ / sik$^1$
*** Yale: sek / sehk / sik / sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sek$^8$ / sek$^9$ / sik$^8$ / sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ség$^3$ / ség$^6$ / xig$^3$ / xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːk̚³/, /sɛːk̚²/, /sɪk̚³/, /sɪk̚⁵/
* sek3, sek6 - vernacular;
* sik3, sik1 - literary (rare).
* Middle Chinese: sek
Rime :
| Character | 錫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 先擊切 |
| Baxter | sek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /sek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /siek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.lˤek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sleːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 錫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sek › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.lˁek/ |
| English | tin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 錫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15042 |
| Phonetic component | 易 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 錫 |
| Old Chinese | /*sleːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

錫
* tin

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 錫 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 錫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 錫, 錫鑞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 錫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 錫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 錫, 白鐵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 錫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 錫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 錫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 錫 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 錫 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 錫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 錫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 錫 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 錫 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 錫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 錫 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 錫 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 錫 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 錫 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 錫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 錫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 錫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 錫 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 錫 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 錫 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 錫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 錫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 錫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 錫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 錫 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 錫 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 錫 |

#### Compounds

* 來比錫 / 来比锡
* 歹銅舊錫 / 歹铜旧锡 (pháiⁿ-tâng-kū-siah) (Min Nan)
* 焊錫 / 焊锡
* 無錫 / 无锡 (Wúxī)
* 邁錫尼城 / 迈锡尼城
* 銲錫 / 焊锡 (“solder”)
* 錫人 / 锡人 (xīrén)
* 錫伯族 / 锡伯族 (xībózú)
* 錫克教 / 锡克教 (xīkèjiào)
* 錫匠 / 锡匠 (xījiàng)
* 錫器 / 锡器 (xīqì)
* 錫奴 / 锡奴
* 錫婚 / 锡婚 (“tin wedding anniversary”)
* 錫安 / 锡安 (Xī'ān)
* 錫安主義 / 锡安主义 (Xī'ān-zhǔyì)
* 錫杖 / 锡杖 (xīzhàng)
* 錫林郭勒 / 锡林郭勒 (xīlínguōlè)
* 錫焊 / 锡焊
* 錫石 / 锡石 (xīshí)
* 錫礦 / 锡矿 (xīkuàng)
* 錫礦山 / 锡矿山
* 錫箔 / 锡箔 (xībó)
* 錫箔紙 / 锡箔纸
* 錫紙 / 锡纸 (xīzhǐ)
* 錫蘭 / 锡兰 (Xīlán, “Ceylon (Sri Lanka)”)
* 錫衣 / 锡衣
* 錫金 / 锡金 (Xījīn, “Sikkim”)
* 錫鑞 / 锡镴
* 鍍錫鐵 / 镀锡铁
* 飛錫 / 飞锡

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī, xí
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sí
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^2$
*** Yale: syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-lˤek/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 錫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sek › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-lˁek/ |
| English | give |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

錫
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 賜 / 赐 (“to bestow; to confer”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xiàozǐ bù kuì, yǒng xī ěr lèi. [Pinyin]
    For such filial piety, without ceasing, There will ever be conferred blessing on you.

#### Compounds

* 九錫 / 九锡
* 寵錫 / 宠锡
* 永錫不匱 / 永锡不匮
* 錫命 / 锡命
* 錫賚 / 锡赉

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): sek$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sek$^3$
*** Yale: sek
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ség$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːk̚³/

#### Definitions

錫
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 惜 (sek3, “to cherish; to kiss”)

#### Compounds

* 愛錫 / 爱锡
* 攬攬錫錫 / 揽揽锡锡
* 錫嘴 / 锡嘴
* 錫身 / 锡身
* 錫錫 / 锡锡
* 鏡錫 / 镜锡

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* tin

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: せき (seki)
* Kun: すず (suzu, 錫)

#### Compounds

* 塩化錫(えんかすず) (enkasuzu)
* 挂錫(かしゃく) (kashaku), 掛錫(かしゃく) (kashaku), 挂錫(けしゃく) (keshaku), 掛錫(けしゃく) (keshaku)
* 砂錫(さすず) (sasuzu)
* 錫紵(しゃくじょ) (shakujo), 錫紵(しゃくちょ) (shakucho)
* 錫杖(しゃくじょう) (shakujō), 錫杖(さくじょう) (sakujō): khakkhara; Buddhist monk's "sounding staff"
* 錫僧(しゃくそう) (shakusō)
* 錫(しゃく)を飛(と)ばす (shaku o tobasu)
* 巡錫(じゅんしゃく) (junshaku)
* 錫石(すずいし) (suzuishi): cassiterite
* 錫色(すずいろ) (suzuiro)
* 錫婚式(すずこんしき) (suzukonshiki): tin anniversary
* 錫師(すずし) (suzushi)
* 錫箔(すずはく) (suzuhaku): tinfoil
* 錫(すず)ペスト (suzupesuto): tin pest
* 駐錫(ちゅうしゃく) (chūshaku)
* 天錫(てんしゃく) (tenshaku)
* トリフェニル錫(すず) (torifenirusuzu)
* 飛錫(ひしゃく) (hishaku)
* 無錫(むしゃく) (Mushaku): Wuxi
* 野錫(やしゃく) (yashaku)
* 有機錫(ゆうきすず) (yūkisuzu)
* 流錫(りゅうしゃく) (ryūshaku)
* 留錫(りゅうしゃく) (ryūshaku)
* 硫錫鉱(りゅうしゃくこう) (ryūshakukō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 錫
* すず Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 錫 – see the following entry. :
| 【スズ】 | [noun] tin |
(This term, 錫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 錫
* しゃく Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃく [sháꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

錫(しゃく) • (shaku)
* Short for 錫杖.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

錫 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

錫: Hán Nôm readings: thiếc, tích, xích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation