# 地球
## Chinese

* 地球 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 地球 (Wu)
* 地球 (Cantonese)
* 地球 (Gan)
* Thi-khiù (Hakka)

### Etymology

Coined by Matteo Ricci (Huang, 2003).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dìqiú
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dei$^6$ kau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Thi-khiù
* Jin (Wiktionary): di$^3$ qiou$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Dê-giù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): de$^5$ giu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Tē-kiû / Tōe-kiû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^7$ giu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$di-jieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di$^5$ qiou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dìqiú
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dìcióu
*** Wade–Giles: Ti$^4$-chʻiu$^2$
*** Yale: Dì-chyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dihchyou
*** Palladius: Дицю (Dicju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dìqiúr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dìcióur
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^4$-chʻiu$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dì-chyóur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihchyoul
*** Palladius: дицюр (dicjur)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dei$^6$ kau$^4$
*** Yale: deih kàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dei$^6$ kau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: déi$^6$ keo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thi-khiù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ti kiu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ti$^4$ kiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: di$^3$ qiou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Dê-giù
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ieu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: de$^5$ giu$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Dā̤-giú
*** Sinological IPA : /te²¹ kiu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tē-kiû
*** Tâi-lô: Tē-kiû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dexkiuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /te²¹ kiu²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tōe-kiû
*** Tâi-lô: Tuē-kiû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doexkiuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ kiu²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^7$ giu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī kiû
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹¹ kiu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$di-jieu
*** MiniDict: di$^去$ jieu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$di-jjieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: di$^5$ qiou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

### Proper noun

地球
* (astronomy) the Earth
    地球自轉／地球自转 ― dìqiú zìzhuàn ― the Earth rotates; Earth's rotation
       Dìqiú rào tàiyáng gōngzhuàn. [Pinyin]
       The earth revolves around the sun.

#### Coordinate terms

* planets of the Solar System: 太陽系的行星, 太阳系的行星: 水星 (Shuǐxīng) · 金星 (Jīnxīng) · 地球 (Dìqiú) · 火星 (Huǒxīng) · 木星 (Mùxīng) · 土星 (Tǔxīng) · 天王星 (Tiānwángxīng) · 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)

#### Derived terms

* 地球人 (dìqiúrén)
* 地球儀 / 地球仪 (dìqiúyí)
* 地球內 / 地球内 (dìqiúnèi)
* 地球化學 / 地球化学 (dìqiú huàxué)
* 地球外 (dìqiúwài)
* 地球日 (Dìqiúrì)
* 地球村 (dìqiúcūn)
* 地球物理學 / 地球物理学 (dìqiú wùlǐxué)
* 地球科學 / 地球科学 (dìqiú kēxué)
* 地球科學家 / 地球科学家 (dìqiú kēxuéjiā)

#### Related terms

* 日球 (Rìqiú)
* 月球 (Yuèqiú)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū)
* → Korean: 지구(地球) (Jigu)
* → Vietnamese: Địa Cầu (地球)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: Trái Đất (calque)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 地 | 球 |
| ち Grade: 2 | きゅう Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

From Chinese 地球 (Dìqiú), coined by Matteo Ricci.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちきゅう [chìkyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕi̥kʲɨː]

### Proper noun

地(ち)球(きゅう) • (Chikyū)
* (astronomy, mythology) Earth; Terra
    地(ち)球(きゅう)は24(にじゅうよ)時(じ)間(かん)で１(いっ)回(かい)自(じ)転(てん)します。
       Chikyū wa nijūyo-jikan de ikkai jiten shimasu.
       The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.
    地(ち)球(きゅう)は太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の第(だい)３(さん)惑(わく)星(せい)です。
       Chikyū wa taiyōkei no dai-san wakusei desu.
       The Earth is the third planet of the Solar System.
    それでも地(ち)球(きゅう)は動(うご)く。
       sore de mo Chikyū wa ugoku.
       And yet the Earth moves.
** 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)３(さん)巻(かん) うらしま太(た)郎(ろう) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 3: Urashima Tarō]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 117:
    地(ち)球(きゅう)は、サルのわく星(せい)になっていましたとさ。
       Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natteimashita to sa.
       Meanwhile, Earth became the planet of the apes.
** 1999 October 17, “異(い)次(じ)元(げん)からの侵(しん)略(りゃく)者(しゃ) [Invader from a Different Dimension]”, in Booster 5, Konami:
    銀(ぎん)河(が)系(けい)の外(そと)から地(ち)球(きゅう)にやってきた宇(う)宙(ちゅう)人(じん)。
       Gingakei no soto kara Chikyū ni yattekita uchūjin.
       An alien that came to Earth from outside the Milky Way.

#### Derived terms

* 地(ち)球(きゅう)温(おん)暖(だん)化(か) (chikyū ondanka): global warming
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)化(か)学(がく) (chikyū kagaku):　geochemistry
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)昭(しょう) (chikyū shō): earthshine, illuminating the dark part of the Moon
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい) (chikyūgai): extraterrestrial
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい)生(せい)物(ぶつ) (chikyūgai seibutsu): extraterrestrial life
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい)放(ほう)射(しゃ)線(せん) (chikyūgai hōshasen): extraterrestrial radiation
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)環(かん)境(きょう)モニタリングシステム (Chikyū Kankyō Monitaringu Shisutemu): Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)観(かん)測(そく)衛(えい)星(せい) (chikyū kansoku eisei): Earth survey satellite
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)儀(ぎ) (chikyūgi): terrestrial globe
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)型(がた)惑(わく)星(せい) (chikyūgata wakusei): terrestrial planet, an Earth-like planet
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)磁(じ)気(き) (chikyū jiki): geomagnetism, terrestrial magnetism
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)周(しゅう)回(かい)衛(えい)星(せい) (chikyū shūkai eisei): satellite orbiting the Earth, an Earth orbiter
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)周(しゅう)回(かい)軌(き)道(どう) (chikyū shūkai kidō): Earth orbit, an orbit around the Earth
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)楕(だ)円(えん)体(たい) (chikyū daentai): Earth ellipsoid
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)潮(ちょう)汐(せき) (chikyū chōseki): Earth tide, a terrestrial tide
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)物(ぶつ)理(り)学(がく) (chikyū butsurigaku): geophysics

#### Related terms

* planets of the Solar System: 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei): 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei) · 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei) · 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū) · 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei) · 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei) · 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei) · 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei) · 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei)
* ガイア (Gaia): Gaia or Gaea, the Greek goddess of the Earth

### References

* ↑ 2003, Huang Heqing (黃河清 / 黄河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献 (in Chinese)
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 地 | 球 |

### Proper noun

地球 • (Jigu) (hangeul 지구)
* hanja form of 지구 (“Earth”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 地 | 球 |

### Noun

地球
* chữ Hán form of địa cầu (“globe”).

### Proper noun

地球
* chữ Hán form of Địa Cầu (“Earth”).