OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Establishment
## English
### Proper noun

the Establishment
* Any particular establishment (ruling class) that is construed as the sole one within a given context (such as a specific country).
    By the late 1780s, it was clear that many French had had it with the Establishment.
** 2025 January 28, Paul Krugman, “Departing the New York Times. I left to stay true to my byline”, in The Contrarian‎:Maybe there was a time when readers would sit still for sober, dull opinion pieces — history’s most boring headline, “Worthwhile Canadian Initiative,” was the title of a Times op-ed — because they were seen as representing the views of The Establishment. And I have the feeling that Times management still thinks it’s living in that world. But in today’s wide-open information (and misinformation) environment, boring writing just vanishes without a trace.

## German
### Etymology

19th century, borrowed from English establishment. Doublet of Etablissement.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eˈstɛ.blɪʃ.mənt/, /ɛsˈtɛ-/, /-mɛnt/

### Noun

Establishment n (strong, genitive Establishments, plural (rare) Establishments)
* establishment (long-standing elite or authority group)
    Wer zweimal mit derselben pennt, gehört schon zum Establishment.Sleeping with the same woman twice already makes you a member of the establishment.(humorous slogan of the subversive left-wing community movement of the 1960s)
# konbanwa
## Japanese
### Romanization

konbanwa
* Rōmaji transcription of こんばんは
# ბათუმი
## Georgian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Georgian ბათომი (batomi), blend of Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “deep”) and suffix -ომი (-omi), which is a common suffix for Georgian toponyms. Compare თორთომი (tortomi), ბორჯომი (borǯomi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥atʰumi]
* Hyphenation: ბა‧თუ‧მი
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

ბათუმი • (batumi)
* Batumi (a city in Georgia)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# hinterherreisen
## German
### Etymology

hinterher- +‎ reisen

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɪntɐˈhɛɐ̯ˌʁaɪ̯zn̩/, [-ʁaɪ̯zən] (Germany)
* IPA: /hɪntɐˈhɛɐ̯ˌʁaɪ̯sn̩/, [-ʁaɪ̯sɛn], [-ʁaɛ̯-] (Austria, Southern Germany, Switzerland)
* Hyphenation: hin‧ter‧her‧rei‧sen

### Verb

hinterherreisen (weak, third-person singular present reist hinterher, past tense reiste hinterher, past participle hinterhergereist, auxiliary sein)
* (intransitive) to travel after someone

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Hinterherreisen

### Further reading

* “hinterherreisen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “hinterherreisen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
# 안구테러
## Korean
### Etymology

From 안구(眼球) (an'gu, “eyeball”) +‎ 테러 (tereo, “terrorism”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈa̠(ː)nɡutʰe̞ɾʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [안(ː)구테러]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

안구테러 • (an'gutereo)
* (slang) A disgusting, unpleasant, or blinding visual.
    Synonyms: 눈갱 (nun'gaeng), 눈뽕 (nunppong)
# konnichiwa
## English
### Alternative forms

* konnichi wa

### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 今(こん)日(にち)は (konnichi wa).

### Interjection

konnichiwa
* (informal) Good day, good afternoon; (loosely) hello.

#### Usage notes

* Usage is typically associated with Japan or Japanese culture.

## Japanese
### Romanization

konnichiwa
* Rōmaji transcription of こんにちは
* Rōmaji transcription of こんにちわ
# ბაკალავრიატი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥akʼaɫavɾiatʼi]
* Hyphenation: ბა‧კა‧ლავ‧რი‧ა‧ტი

### Noun

ბაკალავრიატი • (baḳalavriaṭi) (plural ბაკალავრიატები)
* bachelor's study, study period for obtaining bachelor's degree

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# dumpy
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdʌmpi/
* Rhymes: -ʌmpi
* Audio (General American):(file)

### Etymology 1

First attested in 1750; exact origin unknown. Perhaps derived from, or cognate with, dumpling, or from the noun sense of dump.

#### Adjective

dumpy (comparative dumpier, superlative dumpiest)
* Short and thick; stout or stocky.

##### Derived terms

* dumpily
* dumpiness
* dumpy tree frog

##### Translations
#### Noun

dumpy (plural dumpies)
* A short, stout person or animal, especially one of a breed of very short-legged chickens.
** 1857, Charlotte Brontë, The Professor, Smith, Elder & Co., page 102:Yet I don't like dumpies either, and Brown says she is little and stout—the better fitted for a wiry, starved-looking chap like you.
* (South Africa) A small bottle of beer.
** 2007, Alan Murphy, Southern Africa, page 414:Lager-style beer comes in cans or dumpies (small bottles) for around US$1.10.
** 2011 July 29, Nalisha Kalideen, “Binge drinking rife at universities”, in Mail & Guardian‎:“Once you start drinking you have many friends drinking with you,” the University of Johannesburg student explained. “I drink whiskey and I drink beer. I drink heavily on weekends but during the week I have about three or four dumpies. I don’t pass out. I just get drunk,” he said.
* (surveying) Ellipsis of dumpy level.
** 2012, Raymond Paul, Walter Whyte, Basic Surveying, page 82:Most manufacturers have ceased making dumpies, and a number have even stopped making tilting levels, […]

#### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “dumpy”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Etymology 2

From dump +‎ -y.

#### Adjective

dumpy (comparative dumpier, superlative dumpiest)
* Of or relating to a garbage dump; rubbishy.
** 1983, John Bibee, The Magic Bicycle, page 17:"I knew it!" Barry screeched. "A dump bike for the dummy. Hey, dumpy boy. Dumper! Ha, haaaaaaaaagh!"
** 1990 February 4, Vanessa Nemeth, Stephanie Poggi, “Bumps And All”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 12:At first, I had no idea you had money, and you didn't seem like a snoot. The place where you were renting was a dumpy place. When you turned out to have money, I was surprised.
** 2017, Jade Wu, Flash Points, page 145:On the other side of the walls was a dumpy, trash-ridden street of the IZ, not far from an old government building of Saddam Hussein.

#### Noun

dumpy (plural dumpies)
* (slang) Synonym of dump truck (“prominent buttocks”).
    Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:buttocks
** 2022 June 17, Jodie Walker, “What’s Really Behind the Pixar Dump-Truck Meme? A Ringer Investigation.”, in The Ringer‎:When her animation students at Kansas City Art Institute kept asking why the moms in Pixar have dump-truck asses, Bona Bones […] knew she had to share the answer beyond just the classroom. That’s how she found herself making a TikTok to directly answer the question: “Why do all Pixar moms have such huge dumpies?”
# digat
## Albanian
### Noun

digat
* definite nominative/accusative plural of digë

## Karao
### Noun

digat
* difficulty; hardship

## Yogad
### Noun

digát
* difficulty; hardship
# បន្លា
## Khmer
### Etymology

From Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟrla(ː)ʔ (“thorn”), an infixed form of *ɟlaʔ (“thorn”). Cognate with Bahnar jơla and Old Mon jirla (“thorn”) (modern Mon ဓလ (həlɛ̀ˀ, “thorn”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | បន្លា pn̥lā |
| Phonemic | បន់-ល៉ា pn´-l″ā |
| WT romanisation | bɑnlaa |
| (standard) IPA | /ɓɑn.ˈlaː/ |

### Noun

បន្លា • (bɑnlaa)
* thorn, barb; spine
    Synonym: កណ្ដក (kɑndɑk)
# hááłmááz
## Navajo
### Verb

hááłmááz
* first-person singular perfective of haiłmáás
# تعليق
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of عَلَّقَ (ʕallaqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʕ.liːq/
* Rhymes: -iːq

### Noun

تَعْلِيق • (taʕlīq) m (plural تَعْلِيقَات (taʕlīqāt))
* verbal noun of عَلَّقَ (ʕallaqa) (form II)
* comment, commentary, notation
** (countable, Internet) a comment, caption (on Facebook, etc)
* hanging, suspension
* holding, suspension (of service, etc)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: təliq
* → Ottoman Turkish: تعلیق (talik)
** Turkish: talik
* → Persian: تعلیق (ta'liq)
** → Urdu: تَعْلِیق (ta'līq)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʕˈliːɡ/
** IPA: [taʕˈliːq] ([q] pronunciation is used in the sense of "comment", while [ɡ] is more common in the sense "hanging" and "suspension")

### Etymology 1

From Arabic تَعْلِيق (taʕlīq).

#### Noun

تعليق • (taʕlīɡ) m (plural تَعاليق (taʕālīg))
* suspension
* hanging
* time out

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic تَعْلِيق (taʕlīq).

#### Noun

تعليق • (taʕlīɡ) m (plural تعليقات (taʕlīgāt))
* comment
    لا تعليق ― lā taʕlīɡ ― No comment.
# 聖迭戈
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shèngdiégē
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^3$ dit$^6$ gwo$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shèngdiégē
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shèngdiége
*** Wade–Giles: Shêng$^4$-tieh$^2$-ko$^1$
*** Yale: Shèng-dyé-gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shenqdyege
*** Palladius: Шэндегэ (Šɛndegɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^3$ dit$^6$ gwo$^1$
*** Yale: sing diht gwō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^3$ dit$^9$ gwo$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^3$ did$^6$ guo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ³³ tiːt̚² kʷɔː⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

聖迭戈
* (Mainland China) San Diego

#### Synonyms

* (Taiwan) 聖地牙哥／圣地牙哥 (Shèngdìyágē)

#### Related terms

* 聖地亞哥 / 圣地亚哥 (Shèngdìyàgē)

### References

* 周定国 [Zhou Dingguo], editor (2008), “San Diego 圣迭戈 [玻、多米共、哥斯、洪、美、墨、萨、危、委、智]”, in 世界地名翻译大辞典 [Shijie Diming Fanyi Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司, →ISBN, →OCLC.
# watten
## Dutch
### Etymology

From French ouate (“cotton wool”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑtən

### Noun

watten pl (plural only, diminutive watjes n)
* cotton wool

#### Derived terms

* in de watten leggen
* watje
* wattenstaaf

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

watten m
* definite singular of watt

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

watten m
* definite singular of watt

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /¹vatːɛn/, [ˈvǎt̪ːɛn̪]
* Homophone: vatten
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

watten m
* definite singular of watt
# ბაკლა
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* ბაკილა (baḳila)

### Etymology

From late Middle Georgian ბაკლა (baḳla), probably from Middle Armenian բակլայ (baklay).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥akʼɫa]
* Hyphenation: ბაკ‧ლა

### Noun

ბაკლა • (baḳla) (uncountable)
* (dialectal, chiefly Javakheti) chickpea (Cicer arietinum) or broad bean (Vicia faba)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

### See also

* მუხუდო (muxudo)
* ხნდური (xnduri)
* ცერცვი (cercvi)

### References

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ბაკლა”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
* Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “ბაკილა”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 44
* Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1974) “ბაკლა”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words]‎ (in Georgian), volume I, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 56a
* Maq̇ašvili, Aleksandre (1961) “ბაკლა”, in Boṭaniḳuri leksiḳoni [Botanical Dictionary]‎, 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Sabč̣ota Sakartvelo
# gaubbach
## Yola
### Alternative forms

* gubbach, gubbauch

### Etymology

From Middle English caboche, from Anglo-Norman caboche.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑbat͡ʃ/, /ˈɡʊbat͡ʃ/, /ˈɡʊbɑt͡ʃ/

### Noun

gaubbach (plural gubbages)
* cabbage
    Synonym: kaayle

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 41
# povážlivý
## Czech
### Etymology

From povážit +‎ -livý.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpovaːʒlɪviː]

### Adjective

povážlivý (comparative povážlivější, superlative nejpovážlivější, adverb povážlivě)
* alarming, disturbing, worrying
    Synonyms: vážný, závažný, nebezpečný, znepokojující
    povážlivý čin ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1931, Vladislav Vančura, Markéta Lazarová:Zanechati však nepřítele ve vlastním domě je povážlivé. Jan se vrátí, otevře dvířka kurníku a vyvleče cizince na sníh.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “povážlivý”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “povážlivý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “povážlivý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# danihizhí
## Navajo
### Noun

danihizhí
* first/second-person plural possessed form of azhí
# تقسيم
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of قَسَّمَ (qassama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taq.siːm/
** (Hijazi) IPA: /taɡ.siːm/

### Noun

تَقْسِيم • (taqsīm) m (plural تَقْسِيمَات (taqsīmāt) or تَقَاسِيم (taqāsīm))
* verbal noun of قَسَّمَ (qassama, “to divide, distribute”) (form II)
* division
* distribution
* land census
* land tax roll
* conjuration
* (music) taqsim (an improvisation or a solo recital based on an Arabic scale or maqam)

#### Descendants

* Ottoman Turkish: تقسیم (taksim)
** Turkish: taksim
* → Persian: تقسیم
** → Bengali: তকসিম (tôksim)
** → Hindustani:
    → Hindi: तक़सीम (taqsīm)
    → Urdu: تقسیم (taqsīm)
** Punjabi: ਤਕਸੀਮ (taksīm)
** Sindhi: تقسيم (taqsīma)
* → Uyghur: تەقسىم (teqsim)
* → Uzbek: taqsim
(via plural form تَقْسِيمَات)
* → Azerbaijani: təqsimat
* → Ottoman Turkish: تقسيمات (taksimat)
** → Turkish: taksimat
* → Uzbek: taqsimot

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تقسيم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “تقسيم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# لكول
## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from French l’école.

### Noun

لكول • (lekkōl) m (plural لكولات (lekkōlāt))
* school (educational institution)

### See also

* مدرسة (madrasa, “Arabic school”)
* مسيك (masīk, “Quranic school”)

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 88
* Pommerol, Patrice Jullien de (1999) Dictionnaire Arabe Tchadien ~ Français (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN, page 770
# खाजगी
## Konkani
### Alternative forms

* खासगी (khāsgī)

### Etymology

A corruption of Classical Persian خَاصَگِی (xāsagī). There is a semantic narrowing from “speciality” to “private” and regressive assimilation of voicing from /s/.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰɑːzɡiː]

### Adjective

खाजगी • (khāj̈gī) (Latin script khazgi, Kannada script ಖಾಜ್ಗೀ)
* private

### References

* Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017) IndoWordNet‎
* Isidore Dantas, Joel D'Souza (2015) Modern English–Konkani Dictionary‎, Margao, Goa: Golden Heart Emporium Books, →ISBN

## Marathi
### Alternative forms

* खासगी (khāsgī)

### Etymology

A corruption of Classical Persian خَاصَگِی (xāsagī). There is a semantic narrowing from “speciality” to “private” and regressive assimilation of voicing from /s/ to /d͡z/.
Compare खास (khās), which does not include Classical Persian ـگِی (-gī) and does not have corruption.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰad͡z.ɡi/, [kʰad͡z.ɡiː]
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: खाज‧गी

### Adjective

खाजगी • (khāj̈gī) (indeclinable)
* private
    Antonym: सार्वजनिक (sārvajnik)
* personal, individual
    Synonym: वैयक्तिक (vaiyaktik)

#### Derived terms

* खाजगीकरण (khāj̈gīkaraṇ, “privatization”)

### References

* ↑ Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “खाजगी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 31
* ↑ Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “खासगी”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 206
* ↑ दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “खास(ज)गी”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 880.
# ბანოვანი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Middle Georgian ბანოვანი (banovani), from Old Georgian ბანოვანი (banovani), though not attested, from Persian بانوان (bânovân).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥anovani]
* Hyphenation: ბა‧ნო‧ვა‧ნი

### Noun

ბანოვანი • (banovani) (plural ბანოვანები)
* (archaic) A woman with high title, rank
* (archaic) lady, woman, madam

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

### References

* Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “ბანოვანი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 45
* Šaniʒe, Aḳaḳi (1980) Kartuli enis gramaṭiḳis sapuʒvlebi [Basics of Georgian Grammar] (Txzulebani tormeṭ ṭomad; 3) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, § 111, page 80
# 𬃅

| 𬃅 | U+2C0C5, &#180421; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C0C5 |
| ← 𬃄 [U+2C0C4] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E | 𬃆 → [U+2C0C6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𬃅 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木中中火 (DLLF), four-corner 5090$_6$, composition ⿻束⿱口人)

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 537, character 13
* Unihan data for U+2C0C5

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𬃅 – see 棗 (“jujube; Chinese date”). (This character is an erroneous or mistaken form of 棗).
# 藤仔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tîn-á
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîn-á
*** Tâi-lô: tîn-á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: din'ar
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tin²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tin²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tin²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

### Noun

藤仔
* (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) cane; rattan
* (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) vine

#### Synonyms

* 藤 (téng)
* 藤子 (téngzi)
# zardousit
## Czech
### Etymology

From za- +‎ rdousit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzardou̯sɪt]

### Verb

zardousit pf
* perfective form of rdousit
    Synonyms: uškrtit, udusit, zahrdlit

#### Conjugation

infinitive
zardousit, zardousiti
active adjective
zardousivší
verbal noun
zardoušení
passive adjective
zardoušený
present formsindicativeimperative
singularpluralsingularplural
1st person
zardousímzardousíme—zardusme
2nd person
zardousíšzardousítezarduszarduste
3rd person
zardousízardousí——
The verb zardousit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
participlespast participlespassive participles
singularpluralsingularplural
masculine animate
zardousilzardousilizardoušenzardoušeni
masculine inanimate
zardousilyzardoušeny
feminine
zardousilazardoušena
neuter
zardousilozardousilazardoušenozardoušena
transgressives
present
past
masculine singular
—zardousiv
feminine + neuter singular
—zardousivši
plural
—zardousivše :

### Further reading

* “zardousiti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “zardousiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “zardousit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# -tsoh
## Navajo
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *k̯aʔx̣ʷ. Cognate with Dogrib -cho, Ket [script needed] (qaˀ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sʰòh/

### Stem

-tsoh
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT NEUTER -TSOH (big)

### Suffix

-tsoh
* big, large, great

#### Related terms

* nitsaa
* nitsxaaz
# ثم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /θum.ma/

#### Conjunction

ثُمَّ • (ṯumma)
* then, afterward, subsequently; used to indicate order of time, being later occurring, or even in lesser degree of impressiveness
* and again; used when repeating a word or short phrase in order to emphasize it
* and so or also, likewise, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, additionally so; used to denote a speaker's order of enunciation, not indicating a sequence or delay of occurrence between two statements
** أَعْجَبَنِي مَا صَنَعْتَ اليَوْمَ ثُمَّ مَا صَنَعْتَ أَمْسِ أَعْجَبُʔaʕjabanī mā ṣanaʕta l-yawma ṯumma mā ṣanaʕta ʔamsi ʔaʕjabuWhat you did today caused me to be impressed; accordingly what you did yesterday was most impressive.

##### Usage notes

* ثُمَّ (ṯumma) indicates that there is a certain period of time between the two actions, whereas فَ (fa) indicates that the second action follows directly after the first action.

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: ثم (sümme)

### Etymology 2

Compare Hebrew שָׁם (šām), שָׁמָּה (šā́mmā), Aramaic תַּמָּה (tammā), תַּמָּן (tammān), Ugaritic 𐎘𐎎 (ṯm).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /θam.ma/

#### Adverb

ثَمَّ • (ṯamma)
* there

##### Descendants

* Maltese: hemm
* Moroccan Arabic: تم (temma), تم (temm)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

ثَمَّ • (ṯamma) I (non-past يَثُمُّ (yaṯummu), verbal noun ثَمّ (ṯamm))
* to put into a good state, to mend, to get together in an orderly fashion, to repair
* to apply ثُمَام (ṯumām, “panicgrass”) to

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

ثَمّ • (ṯamm) m
* verbal noun of ثَمَّ (ṯamma) (form I)

##### Declension
#### Noun

ثُمّ • (ṯumm) m
* household utensils, tools that put a house or tent into a good order, domestic possessions

##### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “ثم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 226
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ثم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 350–351
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ثم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 157

## Urdu
### Etymology

From Arabic ثُمَّ (ṯumma).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sʊm.mᵊ/

### Adverb

ثُمَّ • (summa) (Hindi spelling सुम्मा)
* again, once more
* then, thereafter

### References

* “ثم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “ثم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
# moon carrot
## English
### Noun

moon carrot (plural moon carrots)
* Seseli libanotis, a Eurasian herb of the carrot family.
# ともこ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ともこ – see the following entries. :
| 【知子】 | [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spellings さとこ, はるこ |
| 【朋子】 | [proper noun] a female given name |
| 【智子】 | [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spelling さとこ |
| 【友子】 | [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spelling ゆうこ |
(This term, ともこ (tomoko), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as ともこ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ともこ.) :
# ბარტყი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥aɾtʼχʼi]

### Noun

ბარტყი • (barṭq̇i) (plural ბარტყები)
* nestling, chick

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* ბარტყებს დააფრენს (barṭq̇ebs daaprens)

#### See also

* წიწილა (c̣ic̣ila)
# Sassano
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Sassano.

### Proper noun

Sassano (plural Sassanos)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Sassano is the 27435th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 879 individuals. Sassano is most common among White (94.43%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Sassano”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Sassano f
* A town in the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy

#### Derived terms

* sassanese

### Proper noun

Sassano m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the place name

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# Cealchyþe
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑlkˌxyː.θe/, [ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑɫkˌhyː.ðe]

### Proper noun

Ċealchȳþe
* accusative/genitive/dative singular of Ċealchȳþ