# 傍

| 傍 | U+508D, &#20621; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-508D |
| ← 傌 [U+508C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 傎 → [U+508E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

傍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人卜月尸 (OYBS), four-corner 2022$_7$, composition ⿰亻旁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 113, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 948
* Dae Jaweon: page 240, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 205, character 6
* Unihan data for U+508D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 傍
* Small seal scripts05798Transcribed ancient scriptsL32887
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baːŋ, *baːŋs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bàng, bāng (bang$^4$, bang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ, ㄅㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bong$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phong
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pn̄g / pōng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$baon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàng
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^4$
*** Yale: bàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banq
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bang
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^1$
*** Yale: bāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bang
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bong$^6$
*** Yale: bohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phong
*** Hakka Romanization System: pong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̄g
*** Tâi-lô: pn̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: png
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pŋ̍²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōng
*** Tâi-lô: pōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pɔŋ²²/
* pn̄g - vernacular;
* pōng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: bangH
Rime :
| Character | 傍 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲浪切 |
| Baxter | bangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bong$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 傍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁaŋ-s/ |
| English | beside; assist |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 傍 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 3010 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傍 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

傍
* to draw near; to be beside; to approach; to be by the side of
* to be close to; to be almost (in time)
* to rely on; to depend on
* to assist
* (slang) to have an intimate relationship with someone
* (Cantonese) to accompany
       jau$^5$ jan$^4$ hai$^2$ ngo$^5$ gaak$^3$ lei$^4$ bong$^6$ zyu$^6$ hai$^6$ on$^1$ sam$^1$ di$^1$ ge$^2$. [Jyutping]
       It's more relieving to have someone accompanying beside me.
* (Cantonese) to look after; to look out for somebody
* (Hokkien) to receive benefit or evils through dependence on someone or something
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to share; to apportion (a room, costs, etc.)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to add; to augment

#### Compounds

* 依傍 (yībàng)
* 依山傍水 (yīshānbàngshuǐ)
* 侵傍
* 倚傍 (yǐbàng)
* 倚門傍戶 / 倚门傍户
* 偎傍
* 傍亮兒 / 傍亮儿
* 傍人籬壁 / 傍人篱壁
* 傍人門戶 / 傍人门户 (bàngrénménhù)
* 傍今
* 傍個影兒 / 傍个影儿
* 傍午 (bàngwǔ)
* 傍晌 (bàngshǎng)
* 傍晚 (bàngwǎn)
* 傍柳隨花 / 傍柳随花
* 傍河 (Bànghé)
* 傍花隨柳 / 傍花随柳
* 傍門依戶 / 傍门依户
* 傍黑兒 / 傍黑儿
* 將傍 / 将傍
* 親傍 / 亲傍
* 輕偎低傍 / 轻偎低傍
* 近傍
* 靠傍

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páng (pang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$
*** Yale: páng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: bang
Rime :
| Character | 傍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 步光切 |
| Baxter | bang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | páng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 傍 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | páng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | beside; assist |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 傍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 3005 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傍 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

傍
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 旁 (“side; extensive; other”)

#### Compounds

* 傍人
* 傍偟 (pánghuáng)
* 傍妻
* 傍尊
* 傍排
* 傍牌
* 傍生
* 傍薄
* 傍觀 / 傍观 (pángguān)
* 傍通
* 傍邊 / 傍边 (bàngbiān)
* 傍門 / 傍门
* 傍門外道 / 傍门外道
* 樿傍 / 椫傍
* 珠玉在傍
* 道傍李
* 道傍苦李

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bēng (beng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: beng
*** Wade–Giles: pêng$^1$
*** Yale: bēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beng
*** Palladius: бэн (bɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɤŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

傍
* Only used in 傍傍.

### Pronunciation 4

* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): póng
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: póng
*** Hakka Romanization System: bong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /poŋ³¹/

#### Definitions

傍
* (Hakka) to have savory dishes with (rice, alcoholic beverage, etc.)

#### Compounds

* 做官清廉，食飯傍鹽 / 做官清廉，食饭傍盐
* 傍飯 / 傍饭
* 氣傍氣鼓 / 气傍气鼓
* 準菜傍 / 准菜傍
* 食紅柿仔傍酒-尋死 / 食红柿仔傍酒-寻死

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* bystander
* side
* besides
* while
* nearby
* 3rd person

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: かたわら (katawara, 傍ら, Jōyō)、そば (soba, 傍)、そう (sou, 傍う)

#### Compounds

* 海(かい)馬(ば)傍(ぼう)回(かい) (kaibabōkai, “parahippocampal gyrus”)
* 近(きん)傍(ぼう) (kinbō, “vicinity, proximity”)
* 傍(ぼう)観(かん) (bōkan, “onlooking, look on”)
* 傍(ぼう)観(かん)者(しゃ) (bōkansha, “onlooker”)
* 傍(ぼう)心(しん) (bōshin, “excenter”)
* 傍(ぼう)若(じゃく)無(ぶ)人(じん) (bōjakubujin, “arrogant, insolent, impudent”)
* 傍(ぼう)受(じゅ) (bōju, “interception, tapping”)
* 傍(ぼう)接(せつ)円(えん) (bōsetsuen, “excircle”)
* 傍(ぼう)線(せん) (bōsen, “(typography) sideline; vertical equivalent of the underline”)
* 傍(ぼう)点(てん) (bōten, “emphasis point”)
* 傍(ぼう)尿(にょう)道(どう)腺(せん) (bōnyōdōsen, “Skene's gland”)
* 路(ろ)傍(ぼう) (robō, “roadside”)
* 傍(はた)迷(めい)惑(わく) (hata-meiwaku, “nuisance to one's surroundings”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 傍
* そば Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 傍
* はた Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 傍 – see the following entry. :
| 【側そば】4 | [noun] vicinity, near, beside, side |
| 【側はた】4 | [noun] vicinity Alternative spelling 端 |
(This term, 傍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 傍
* かたわら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 傍 – see the following entry. :
| 【かたわら】 | [adverb] in addition, besides, while [noun] the side of something [noun] a person nearby [noun] the area nearby; vicinity [noun] a remote partially built-up area along a major highway [noun] in addition to…, while doing…, on the other hand… Alternative spellings 傍ら, 側ら, 側, 旁, 旁ら, 脇, 脇ら |
(This term, 傍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

傍 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang))
* hanja form of 방 (“by side of, beside, near, close”)
傍 (eumhun 마지못할 팽 (majimothal paeng))
* hanja form of 팽 (“compel”)
* hanja form of 팽 (“rely on, depend on”)

## Tày
### Noun

傍 (bưởng)
* Nôm form of bưởng (“side; piece”).

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

傍: Hán Nôm readings: bàng, phành, vàng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.