# 戚

| 戚 | U+621A, &#25114; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-621A |
| ← 戙 [U+6219] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 戛 → [U+621B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

戚 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹卜一火 (IHYMF), four-corner 5320$_0$, composition ⿵戊尗)

#### Derived characters

* 傶, 嘁, 墄, 慽, 摵, 槭, 磩, 䙘, 縬(𦈚), 䗩, 䠞, 鏚(𬭭), 顣(𫖹), 㗤, 㞝, 慼, 蹙
* 𠗼, 𡠽, 𤠽, 𤨟, 𦟠, 𥉷, 𥼀, 𦪊, 𧫳, 𩥼(𬴈), 𡻷, 𦸗, 𪔯, 𥀻, 𦄉, 𧐶, 𮙖, 𮜦

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 38
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11594
* Dae Jaweon: page 755, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1406, character 15
* Unihan data for U+621A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戚 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 椒 | *ʔsliw |
| 茮 | *ʔsliw |
| 踧 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 蔋 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 惄 | *nɯːwɢ |
| 戚 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 慼 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 鏚 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 慽 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 磩 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 寂 | *zlɯːwɢ |
| 嘁 | *ʔsluːb |
| 墄 | *sʰlɯːɡ |
| 摵 | *srɯːɡ, *ʔslɯwɢ, *srɯwɢ |
| 督 | *ʔl'uːwɢ |
| 錖 | *ʔl'uːwɢ |
| 裻 | *ʔl'uːwɢ, *sluːwɢ |
| 傶 | *ʔslɯːwɢ |
| 蹙 | *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 槭 | *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 縬 | *ʔslɯwɢ, *ʔsrɯwɢ |
| 顣 | *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 敊 | *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 琡 | *ʔljɯwɢ, *l̥ʰjɯwɢ |
| 俶 | *l̥ʰjɯwɢ |
| 埱 | *l̥ʰjɯwɢ |
| 淑 | *ɦljɯwɢ |
| 婌 | *ɦljɯwɢ |
| 尗 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 叔 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 掓 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 菽 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 鮛 | *hljɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰlɯːwɢ): semantic 戊 (“scythe”) + phonetic 尗 (OC *hljɯwɢ) – in early sense, a battle-axe, a kind of cutting weapon.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qī (qi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhit
* Northern Min (KCR): chĭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiak / chhek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêg$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$chiq / $^7$tshiq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ci
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cik$^1$
*** Yale: chīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
*** Hakka Romanization System: qid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
*** Tâi-lô: tshik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰek̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$chiq
*** MiniDict: chih$^入$
*** MiniDict: chieh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$qiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵⁵/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tshiq
*** MiniDict: tshih$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰiɪʔ⁴³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit戚 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ 姓 |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰiʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰi⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰi²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰi²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰit̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰi²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sek̚⁵/ /se⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tshek
Rime :
| Character | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉歷切 |
| Baxter | tshek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戚 | 戚 | 戚 | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī | qī | qī | qī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ |
| English | (in "toad") | relatives | kind of battle axe | worried; sad; depressed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11729 |
| Phonetic component | 尗 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戚 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰlɯːwɢ/ |

### Definitions

戚
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) maternal relatives
    外戚 ― wàiqī ― relatives of the emperor's mother's or wife's side
* (by extension) relatives
* to be related to
* sad
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) battle-axe
    From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
    Xíngtiān yǔ dì zhì cǐ (jī gōng zhī guó) zhēng shén, dì duàn qí shǒu, zàng zhī chángyáng zhī shān. Nǎi yǐ rǔ wéi mù, yǐ qí wéi kǒu, cāo gān qī yǐ wǔ. [Pinyin]
    When Xingtian fought with the Supreme Deity there (the land of people with odd/uneven upper-arms), the Supreme Deity decapitated him and buried his head at Changyang Mountain. [But Xingtian's] nipples became his eyes, his belly button became his mouth and the thrusting of his shield and battle-axe became his dance.
* a surname
    戚繼光／戚继光 ― Qī Jìguāng ― Qi Jiguang (Ming dynasty general)

### Compounds

* 串親戚 / 串亲戚
* 休戚 (xiūqī)
* 休戚相關 / 休戚相关 (xiūqīxiāngguān)
* 休戚與共 / 休戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)
* 內戚 / 内戚
* 右戚
* 同休共戚
* 哀戚 (āiqī)
* 國戚 / 国戚 (guóqī)
* 國戚皇親 / 国戚皇亲
* 外戚 (wàiqī)
* 干戚
* 悲悲戚戚
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 愁戚戚
* 憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī)
* 懿戚
* 戚串
* 戚容
* 戚屬 / 戚属
* 戚戚
* 戚施 (qīshī)
* 戚族
* 戚然
* 戚舊 / 戚旧
* 戚誼 / 戚谊 (qīyì)
* 戚里
* 戚黨 / 戚党
* 攀親引戚 / 攀亲引戚
* 朱干玉戚
* 欣戚
* 炊臼之戚
* 王公貴戚 / 王公贵戚
* 甯戚扣角
* 甯戚飯牛 / 甯戚饭牛
* 皇親國戚 / 皇亲国戚 (huángqīnguóqī)
* 籧篨戚施
* 自詒伊戚 / 自诒伊戚
* 自貽伊戚 / 自贻伊戚
* 親戚 / 亲戚
* 貴戚 / 贵戚 (guìqī)
* 高朋故戚
* 鼓盆之戚

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* grieve

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
* On: そく (soku)
* Kun: みうち (miuchi, 戚)、いたむ (itamu, 戚む)、うれえる (ureeru, 戚える)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 戚 (MC tshek). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳑 (chyek) (Yale: chyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 戚 (eumhun 친척 척 (chincheok cheok))
* hanja form of 척 (“kin; relative”)
* hanja form of 척 (“grieve”)

#### Compounds

* 애척 (哀戚, aecheok)
* 외척 (外戚, oecheok)
* 인척 (姻戚, incheok)
* 친인척 (親姻戚, chinincheok)
* 친척 (親戚, chincheok)
* 휴척 (休戚, hyucheok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

戚: Hán Nôm readings: thích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.