# panga
## English

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### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaŋɡə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Swahili panga (“machete”).

#### Noun

panga (plural pangas)
* (East Africa, South Africa) A large broad-bladed knife.
** 1967, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, A Grain of Wheat, EAEP, published 2008, page 77:She turned to the small basket she was carrying and took out a panga.
** 1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 73:Charlie had told me what it had looked like immediately after the riots. Bodies hacked to pieces with pangas.
** 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 690:I pleaded with them to lay down their arms, to take each other's hands in peace: ‘Take your guns, your knives and your pangas, and throw them into the sea!’

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Back-formation from the plural, from the stem of translingual Pangasius (genus name), from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś, “mud- or brown-coloured fish”).

#### Noun

panga (plural pangas)
* Any of various edible freshwater fish of the genus Pangasius, native to southeast Asia, especially an iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus, now reclassified as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.
* A type of modest-sized, open, outboard-powered, fishing boat common throughout much of the developing world, including Central America, the Caribbean, parts of Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Spanish panga (“motorboat”).

#### Noun

panga (plural pangas)
* A small inflatable motorboat used in Latin America.

### See also

* panga panga

### Anagrams

* Pagan, pagan

## Bikol Central
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈŋa/ [paˈŋa]
* Hyphenation: pa‧nga

#### Noun

pangá (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)
* (anatomy) jaw, jawbone
    Synonym: salang

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈŋa/ [paˈŋa]
* Hyphenation: pa‧nga

#### Noun

pangá (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)
* a framework built on a boat over which the large, thick mat is placed so that it may serve as an awning

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaŋa/ [ˈpa.ŋa]
* Hyphenation: pa‧nga

#### Noun

pánga (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)
* a mark that one places on a tree that one has sown with a root crop, so that no one else will cut the tree or work the field

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧nga

### Noun

panga
* a forked stick

## Cuyunon
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

### Noun

panga
* (anatomy) jaw

## Dutch
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from English panga, from New Latin Pangasius, ultimately from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑŋ.ɡaː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: pan‧ga
* Rhymes: -ɑŋɡaː

### Noun

panga m (plural panga's)
* panga, pangasius, swai; fish of the genus Pangasius, especially when used as food
    Synonym: pangasius

#### Derived terms

* pangafilet

## Eastern Bontoc
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

### Noun

panga
* branch (of a tree)

## Estonian
### Noun

panga
* genitive singular of pank

## Ibaloi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

### Noun

panga
* branch (of a tree)

## Iraqw
### Etymology

From Swahili panga.

### Noun

panga f (plural pangadu n)
* knife

### References

* Mous, Maarten, Qorro, Martha, Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 69

## Kankanaey
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ˈpaŋa/ [ˈpaː.ŋʌ]
* Rhymes: -aŋa
* Syllabification: pa‧nga

### Noun

panga
* branch (of a tree)

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəˈŋa/ [pəˈŋä]
* Hyphenation: pa‧nga

### Noun

panga
* (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

## Karao
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

### Noun

panga
* branch (of a tree)

## Kayapa Kallahan
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

### Noun

panga
* branch (of a tree)

## Lubuagan Kalinga
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

### Noun

panga
* branch (of a tree)

## Nga La
### Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ŋaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa.

### Numeral

panga
* five

### References

* Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpanɡa/ [ˈpãŋ.ɡa]
* Rhymes: -anɡa
* Syllabification: pan‧ga

### Noun

panga f (plural pangas)
* (Latin America) panga (small inflatable motorboat used in Latin America)
* (Spain) swai, iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
* (zoology) torpedo scad (Pterogymnus laniarius)

### Further reading

* “panga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑŋɡɑ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

#### Noun

panga class IX (plural panga class X)
* machete, panga (broad knife)
** 2019 June 10, “Wanawake wa Kigoma watoroka wakihofia wabakaji Tanzania maarufu 'Teleza' [Kigoma women flee in fear of Tanzanian rapists 'Teleza']”, in BBC News Swahili‎:'Silaha yao (teleza) kubwa ni kisu na panga.''Their (Teleza's) chief weapons are the knife and the machete.'

##### Related terms

* upanga (“sword”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

#### Verb

-panga (infinitive kupanga)
* to arrange, classify, plan, organize, set up
** 2018 December 13, “'John Bolton amepewa jukumu la kupanga jinsi ya kuniangamiza' ['John Bolton has been given the job of planning how to destroy me']”, in BBC News Swahili‎:Bwana Maduro aliwahi kuituhumu Marekani, Colombia na upinzani kwa kupanga njama ya kumuua.Mr. Maduro has accused the United States, Colombia, and the opposition of plotting to kill him.
* to rent
* to live together, cohabit
* (with mtoto) to adopt
    Synonym: -asilisha
** 2017 February 7, “Madona aruhusiwa kupanga watoto 2 kutoka Malawi”, in BBC News Swahili‎:Madona aruhusiwa kupanga watoto 2 kutoka MalawiMadonna is allowed to adopt 2 children from Malawi

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of -panga :
| Positive present | -napanga |
| Subjunctive | -pange |
| Negative | -pangi |
| Imperative singular | panga |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kupanga |
| Negative | kutopanga |
Imperatives :
| Singular | panga |
| Plural | pangeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hupanga |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lipanga |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kupanga |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tapanga |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tapanga |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sipange |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngepanga |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singepanga |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalipanga |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalipanga |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mepanga |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshapanga |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -japanga |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kipanga |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipopanga |
| Consecutive | kapanga / positive subject concord + -kapanga |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kapange |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

##### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -pangia
** Causative: -pangisha
** Passive: -pangwa (“to be arranged, to be assigned”), -pangiwa
** Reciprocal: -pangana
** Stative: -pangika
** Other formations: -pangilia
* Nominal derivations:
** mpangaji (“tenant”)
** mpango (“plan”)
** pango (“rent”)
** upangaji (“arranging; renting, rental; adoption”)

## Swedish
### Etymology

pang (“bang”) +‎ -a

### Verb

panga (present pangar, preterite pangade, supine pangat, imperative panga)
* (colloquial) to bang (emit bangs, for example by shooting)
    att panga påto keep shooting
* (colloquial) to break (usually a window)
    Han pangade en ruta med en felriktad spark på bollenHe broke a window with a misaligned kick on the ball

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

### References

* panga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* panga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* panga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paˈŋa/ [pɐˈŋa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: pa‧nga

### Noun

pangá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ)
* (anatomy) jaw; jawbone
    Synonym: sihang

### Anagrams

* ganap, pag- -an, panag-, Gapan

## West Albay Bikol
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

### Noun

panga
* (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

## Yogad
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

#### Noun

pangá
* branch (of a tree)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

#### Noun

pangá
* (anatomy) (lower) jaw