# ظفر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *θ̣upr-, *θ̣ipr- (“nail, claw”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒌢 (ṣuprum) and Biblical Hebrew צִפֹּרֶן (ṣippórɛn).

#### Alternative forms

* أُظْفُور (ʔuẓfūr)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤufr/
** IPA: /ðˤu.fur/

#### Noun

ظُفْر or ظُفُر • (ẓufr or ẓufur) m (plural أَظْفَار (ʔaẓfār) or أَظَافِر (ʔaẓāfir) or أَظْفُر (ʔaẓfur) or أَظَافِير (ʔaẓāfīr))
* (anatomy) fingernail
* (zoology) claw
    Coordinate term: حَافِر (ḥāfir, “hoof”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:146:وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍwaʕalā llaḏīna hādū ḥarramnā kulla ḏī ẓufurinWe forbade every animal with undivided hoofs

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤa.fi.ra/

#### Verb

ظَفِرَ • (ẓafira) I (non-past يَظْفَرُ (yaẓfaru), verbal noun ظَفَر (ẓafar)) [with بِ (bi) or عَلَى (ʕalā)]
* to triumph over, to win, to superate
* to win, to gain, to receive
    مَنْ صَبَرَ ظَفِرَman ṣabara ẓafiraPatience is victory (literally: he who is patient, wins.)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤaf.fa.ra/

#### Verb

ظَفَّرَ • (ẓaffara) II (non-past يُظَفِّرُ (yuẓaffiru), verbal noun تَظْفِير (taẓfīr))
* to make victorious; to grant victory; to aid
    Synonym: نَصَرَ (naṣara)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤa.far/

#### Noun

ظَفَر • (ẓafar) m
* verbal noun of ظَفِرَ (ẓafira) (form I)
* obtainment, success, victory
* level ground

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: zəfər
* → Northern Kurdish: zafer
* → Ottoman Turkish: ظفر (zafer)
** Turkish: zafer
** Crimean Tatar: zafer
* → Persian: ظفر (zafar)
** → Hindustani:
*** Hindi: ज़फ़र (zafar)
*** Urdu: ظفر (z̤afar)
** → Punjabi: ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰ (zafar), ظفر (z̤afar)
** Tajik: зафар (zafar)
* → Uzbek: zafar

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1835) “ظفر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 87–88
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ظفر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1912
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ظفر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 656
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ظفر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 800

## Azerbaijani
### Noun

ظفر (zəfər) (definite accusative ظفری, plural ظفرلر)
* Arabic spelling of zəfər (“triumph”)

#### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ظُفْر (ẓufr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤi.fir/, [dˤɪfɪr]

### Noun

ظفر • (ḍifir) m (construct state ظِفْر (ḍifr), plural أظافر (ʔaḍāfir) or أظافير (ʔaḍāfīr))
* nail
* fingernail

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).

### Noun

ظفر • (zafer)
* victory, triumph

#### Descendants

* Turkish: zafer
* Crimean Tatar: zafer

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [za.ˈfaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zä.fǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zä.fǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zä.fǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zä.fǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæ.fǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zä.fǽɾ]

### Noun

ظفر • (zafar)
* victory, triumph

#### Related terms

* مظفر (mozaffar)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: ज़फ़र (zafar)
** Urdu: ظفر (z̤afar)
* → Punjabi: ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰ (zafar), ظفر (z̤afar)
* Tajik: зафар (zafar)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ظفر (zafar), from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /zə.fəɾ/
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Noun

ظَفَر • (zafar) m (Hindi spelling ज़फ़र)
* victory, triumph
* profit, gain
* success