# homage
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English homage, from Old French homage, hommage, from Medieval Latin homināticum (“homage, the service of a vassal or 'man'”), from Latin homō (“a man, in Medieval Latin a vassal”) + -āticum (noun-forming suffix). The American pronunciations in /-ɑːʒ/ and with silent h are due to confusion with the nearly synonymous doublet hommage, which is indeed pronounced /oʊˈmɑːʒ/.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhɒmɪd͡ʒ/, /ˈhɒmɑːʒ/, /ɒˈmɑːʒ/
* (General American) enPR: (h)ŏmʹĭj, ō-mäjʹ, ŏ-mäjʹ, IPA: /ˈ(h)ɑmɪd͡ʒ/, /oʊˈmɑʒ/, /ɒˈmɑːʒ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪdʒ, -ɑːʒ
* Hyphenation: hom‧age

### Noun

homage (countable and uncountable, plural homages)
* (countable, uncountable) A demonstration of respect, as towards a person after his or her retirement or death.
** 1735 January 13 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1734), [Alexander] Pope, An Epistle from Mr. Pope, to Dr. Arbuthnot, London: […] J[ohn] Wright for Lawton Gilliver […], →OCLC, page 11, lines 214–215:I ſought no homage from the Race that vvrite; / I kept, like Aſian Monarchs, from their ſight: […]
** 1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1792, →OCLC:When a man squeezes the hand of a pretty woman, […] she will consider such an impertinent freedom in the light of an insult, if she have any true delicacy, instead of being flattered by this unmeaning homage to beauty.
** 2006, “New York Times”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):It’s appropriate that we pay homage to them and the sacrifices they made.
** 2021 January 13, Christian Wolmar, “Read all about London’s Cathedrals of Steam”, in RAIL, number 922, page 62:My rainy-day tour in April during the first lockdown was, in fact, a homage to Sir John Betjeman - the poet and railway campaigner whose statue can be found on the upper concourse of St Pancras station.
* (countable) An artistic work imitating another in a flattering style.
** 2002, Kevin Williamson, Dawson's Creek (TV, episode 6.01)
    He likes to tell people that it's a Hitchcockian thriller, but that's kind of like saying Happy Gilmore is a homage to Woody Allen.
* (historical) In feudalism, the formal oath of a vassal to honor his or her lord's rights.
** c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):We'll do thee homage, and be rul'd by thee, / Love thee as our commander and our king.
    Synonym: (obsolete) manred

#### Usage notes

* Often used in the construction pay homage to.
* Because of the different pronunciations, homage is sometimes preceded by the article a and sometimes by an.
* Recently, the pronunciation /oʊˈmɑːʒ/ has been introduced from French for sense 2; see hommage, which preserves the French spelling.

#### Derived terms

* homager
* lip homage
* pay homage to

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

homage (third-person singular simple present homages, present participle homaging, simple past and past participle homaged)
* (transitive, obsolete) To pay reverence to by external action.
* (transitive, obsolete) To cause to pay homage.
** 1641, Abraham Cowley, A Poem on the Civil War:The Austrian Crowns and Romes seven Hills she shook; >br>To her great Neptune Homag'd all his Streams

#### Translations
### References

* 1 2 "'Homage'", Ben Zimmer, "On Language", The New York Times, November 5, 2010

### Further reading

* “homage”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “homage”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* Homage (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* ohmage

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* hommage, omage, umage

### Etymology

From Old French homage, hommage, from Medieval Latin homināticum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔmˈaːd͡ʒ(ə)/, /umˈaːd͡ʒ(ə)/

### Noun

homage (plural homages)
* An oath of loyalty to a liege performed by their vassal; a pledge of allegiance.
* Money given to a liege by a vassal or the privilege of collecting such money.
* A demonstration of respect or honor towards an individual (including prayer).
* (rare) Membership in an organised religion or belief system.
* (rare) The totality of a feudal lord's subjects when collected.

#### Related terms

* homager

#### Descendants

* English: homage
* Scots: homage
* → Irish: ómós

### References

* “homāǧe, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-02.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* hommage, honmage, humage

### Etymology

Calque of Medieval Latin homināticum. By surface analysis, home +‎ -age.

### Noun

homage oblique singular, m (oblique plural homages, nominative singular homages, nominative plural homage)
* oath; pledge

#### Descendants

* Middle French: homage
** French: hommage
*** → Romanian: omagiu
* → Italian: omaggio
* → Middle Dutch: homagie
** Dutch: homage
* → Middle English: homage, hommage, omage, umage
** English: homage
** Scots: homage
** → Irish: ómós
* → Sicilian: omaggiu

### See also

* loiauté
* vasselage