# 公民
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngmín
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung$^1$ man$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung$^1$ min$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kûng-mìn
    (Hailu, HRS): gung$^ˋ$ min
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-mìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng$^1$ ming$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong-bîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^1$ ming$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon-min
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngmín
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongmín
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-min$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-mín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongmin
*** Palladius: гунминь (gunminʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ man$^4$
*** Yale: gūng màhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ man$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ men$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$公文 公民
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: guung$^1$ min$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵŋ³³ ᵐbin²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˋ$ min
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵³ min⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-mìng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^1$ ming$^2$ [Phonetic: gorng$^5$ ming$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng-míng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-bîn
*** Tâi-lô: kong-bîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongbiin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^1$ ming$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong mîng
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ³³⁻²³ miŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon-min
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$ min
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon-min
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ min²¹/

### Noun

公民
* citizen
       fènggōngshǒufǎ de hǎo gōngmín [Pinyin]
       good, law-abiding citizen
* civics
    From: 1947, 汪懋祖, 中學公民課程之討論, 《教育雜誌》, volume 32, number 6, page 8
    Dàn gēnjù jiàoyù guāndiǎn ér lùn, zé gōngmín yī kē zhī gōngnéng, bùdāng jǐn kànzuò zuò gōngmín zhī yùbèi; shí dāng shìwèi xuéshēng shèhuì shēnghuó zhī fāzhǎn. [Pinyin]
    However, from the perspective of education, the function of civics as a subject should not only be regarded as preparation for citizens; it should be thought of as a way to develop the role of students in the community.
    From: 2016, 劉駿豪, 《原來讀書可以這樣做！：10堂課掌握個人專屬讀考學習要領，考進理想校系（附補教名師各科亮點學習法）》 (quoting 酆伶老師)
    Gōngmín yǔ qítā kē zuìdà bùtóng shì: xiān yào lǐjiě qí dìngyì, chǎnshēng bèijǐng jí gèzhōng hányì. Dìngyì dǒng, duìhàorùzuò, cái bùhuì zhāngguànlǐdài, dáfēisuǒwèn. [Pinyin]
    The biggest difference between civics and other subjects is that one must first understand its definition, background and meaning. If you understand its definition, you won't confuse it for something else, and give an irrelevant answer to the question.
    From: 2019, 邱樺 (editor), 《公民》, page (3)
    Qījiān ruò juéde yālì hěn dà, yóuqí shì niàn gōngmín shí, yī kāishǐ hěn duō míngcí dōu hěn mòshēng, chángcháng juéde hěn cuòzhé, cǐshí kě xiūxí yīxià chūmén zǒuzǒu, zài huílái zhēnduì nàxiē míngcí shàngwǎng zhǎo wénxiàn huò shūjí yuèdú, cái néng jiànrùjiājìng. [Pinyin]
    If you feel stressed during this period, especially when studying civics – many terms seem strange at first, and it can be frustrating trying to understand them – you can take a break and go out for a walk, and then come back to search the Internet for relevant literature or books. This will allow you make progress.

#### Derived terms

* 世界公民 (shìjiè gōngmín)
* 公投 (gōngtóu)
* 公民學 / 公民学 (gōngmínxué)
* 公民投票 (gōngmín tóupiào)
* 公民教育 (gōngmín jiàoyù)
* 公民權 / 公民权 (gōngmínquán)
* 公民社會 / 公民社会 (gōngmín shèhuì)
* 公民科學 / 公民科学 (gōngmín kēxué)
* 公民結合 / 公民结合 (gōngmín jiéhé)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)
* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)
* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)
Others:
* → Zhuang: gunghminz

#### See also

* 國民／国民 (guómín)
* 居民 (jūmín)
* 難民／难民 (nànmín)
* 平民 (píngmín)
* 市民 (shìmín)
* 移民 (yímín)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 民 |
| こう Grade: 2 | みん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

公(こう)民(みん) • (kōmin)
* citizen
* (education) civics

#### Derived terms

* 公民学
* 公民館
* 公民権

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 公 | 民 |

### Noun

公民 • (gongmin) (hangeul 공민)
* hanja form of 공민 (“citizen”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 公 | 民 |

### Noun

公民
* chữ Hán form of công dân (“citizen”).