# ქალაქი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Georgian ქალაქი (kalaki); see below.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰaɫakʰi]
* Hyphenation: ქა‧ლა‧ქი
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ქალაქი • (kalaki) (plural ქალაქები)
* town, city

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* სამოქალაქო (samokalako)
* მოქალაქე (mokalake)
* მოქალაქეობა (mokalakeoba)
* ნაქალაქარი (nakalakari)

#### Descendants

* → Abkhaz: ақалақь (akalakʲ)
* → Bats: ქალიქა (kalika), ქალაჲქა (kalayka)
* → Ossetian: калак (kalak)
* → Mingrelian: ქალაქი (kalaki)
* → Svan: ქალა̈ქ (kaläk)

#### See also

* სოფელი (sopeli)

## Mingrelian
### Etymology

From Georgian ქალაქი (kalaki).

### Noun

ქალაქი • (kalaki)
* town, city
    Synonym: ნოღა (noɣa)

### References

* Kajaia, Otar (2005) “ქალაქი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 1497
* Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “ქალაქი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7)‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press

## Old Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian քաղաք (kʻałakʻ, “city”), itself likely derived from Iranian languages. See it for the further origin.

### Noun

ქალაქი • (kalaki)
* city

#### Derived terms

* ნოქალაქენი (nokalakeni)

#### Related terms

* ქალაქპეტი (kalakṗeṭi)

#### Descendants

* Georgian: ქალაქი (kalaki)
** → Abkhaz: ақалақь (akalakʲ)
** → Bats: ქალიქა (kalika), ქალაჲქა (kalayka)
** → Ossetian: калак (kalak)
** → Mingrelian: ქალაქი (kalaki)
** → Svan: ქალა̈ქ (kaläk)

#### Further reading

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “ქალაქი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 451
* Abulaʒe, Ilia (2014) “ქალაქი”, in Ʒvelkartuli-ʒvelsomxuri doḳumenṭirebuli leksiḳoni [Old Georgian – Old Armenian Documentary Dictionary], Tbilisi: National Centre of Manuscripts, →ISBN, page 756a

### References

* ↑ Čubinov, David (1887) “ქალაქი”, in Грузинско-русский словарь [Georgian–Russian Dictionary]‎, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, columns 1324–1325
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 318
* ↑ Kluge, Theodor (1917/1918) “Die griechischen, armenischen und persischen Lehnwörter im Georgischen”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎ (in German), volume 30, page 115 of 109–120
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “քաղաք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 543a
* ↑ Bailey, H. W. (1959) “Ambages Indoiranicae”, in AION (Annali Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli. Sezione linguistica), volume I, number 2, page 119
* ↑ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 398a
* ↑ Bielmeier, Roland (1985) “Zu iranischen Lehnwörtern im Georgischen und Armenischen”, in H. M. Ölberg, G. Schmidt, editors, Sprachwissenschaftliche Forschungen: Festschrift für Johann Knobloch zum 65. Geburtstag (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft; 23) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 37–38
* ↑ Klimov, G. A., Xalilov, M. Š. (2003) Словарь кавказских языков. Сопоставление основной лексики [Dictionary of Caucasian Languages. A comparison of the Basic Vocabulary] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, →ISBN, page 194