# 枉

| 枉 | U+6789, &#26505; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6789 |
| ← 枈 [U+6788] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 枊 → [U+678A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

枉 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木一土 (DMG), four-corner 4191$_4$, composition ⿰木王)

#### Derived characters

* 𠶖, 㳹, 𣒳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 514, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14530
* Dae Jaweon: page 902, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1163, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6789

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 暀 | *ɢʷaŋs, *ɢʷaŋʔ, *ɢʷaŋs |
| 誑 | *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs |
| 枉 | *qʷaŋʔ |
| 往 | *ɢʷaŋ |

### Etymology

Related to 紆 (OC) ~ 迂 (OC *qʷa), 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon) (Schuessler, 2007). See 迂 (yū) for further etymology.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wǎng (wang$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wang$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vóng
    (Hailu, HRS): vong$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): uōng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): orng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): óng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^3$
*** Yale: wǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woang
*** Palladius: ван (van)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wang$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uong
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^2$
*** Yale: wóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: vong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /voŋ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: vong$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /voŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uōng
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: orng$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ô̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: orng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɒŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óng
*** Tâi-lô: óng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: orng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uáng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit枉 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uɑŋ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uaŋ⁵³/ /uaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /vaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uɔ̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vɑ̃⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uã̠/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uaŋ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /uɑ̃²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /vɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /uɑ̃³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /uɑ̃⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔuɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠yɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /o³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /au³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uan⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uɔn⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uɔŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /voŋ³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /voŋ³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uoŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /uaŋ²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'jwangX
Rime :
| Character | 枉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紆往切 |
| Baxter | 'jwangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔiwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷaŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 枉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjwang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷaŋʔ/ |
| English | crooked; depraved |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12759 |
| Phonetic component | 往 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 枉 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷaŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

枉
* bent; crooked
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
    Ruò yǐqíng shìshàng ér qiú qiān zhě, zé rú yǐn zhū juéshéng ér qiú chéng wǎngmù yě, yù bùjì yǐ. [Pinyin]
    To strive for promotion by serving superiors with sincerity is like wishing to climb a crooked tree by holding on to a broken rope - it is even more hopeless
* depraved; indecent; perverse
* to distort; to twist; to bend
* unjust; wrong
* injustice
* (literary) to condescend; to deign
* in vain; to no avail; for naught
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) three
    Alternative form: 汪

### Compounds

* 不枉 (bùwǎng)
* 不枉此生
* 冤枉
* 冤枉氣 / 冤枉气
* 冤枉路
* 冤枉錢 / 冤枉钱
* 勿枉勿縱 / 勿枉勿纵
* 受賕枉法 / 受赇枉法
* 吃冤枉
* 壓枉造舌 / 压枉造舌
* 夭枉
* 奇冤極枉 / 奇冤极枉
* 小枉大直
* 屈枉
* 徇情枉法
* 昭冤申枉
* 枉口拔舌
* 枉尺直尋 / 枉尺直寻
* 枉屈
* 枉己正人
* 枉擔虛名 / 枉担虚名
* 枉斷 / 枉断
* 枉橈 / 枉桡
* 枉死 (wǎngsǐ)
* 枉死城
* 枉死羅城 / 枉死罗城
* 枉法 (wǎngfǎ)
* 枉然 (wǎngrán)
* 枉用心機 / 枉用心机
* 枉突徙薪
* 枉結 / 枉结
* 枉費 / 枉费 (wǎngfèi)
* 枉費心力 / 枉费心力
* 枉費心機 / 枉费心机
* 枉費心計 / 枉费心计
* 枉費日月 / 枉费日月
* 枉費時日 / 枉费时日
* 枉費脣舌 / 枉费唇舌
* 枉道
* 枉道事人
* 枉顧 / 枉顾
* 枉駕 / 枉驾
* 毋枉毋縱 / 毋枉毋纵
* 矯枉過正 / 矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng)
* 矯枉過直 / 矫枉过直
* 縱曲枉直 / 纵曲枉直
* 舉直措枉 / 举直措枉
* 舞文枉法
* 誣枉 / 诬枉 (wūwǎng)
* 貪贓枉法 / 贪赃枉法 (tānzāngwǎngfǎ)
* 銜恨蒙枉 / 衔恨蒙枉

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: おう (ō)
* Kan-on: おう (ō)
* Kun: まがる (magaru, 枉がる)、まげる (mageru, 枉げる)、まげて (magete, 枉げて)、むだに (mudani, 枉に)

## Korean
### Hanja

枉 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tày
### Han character

枉 (transliteration needed)
* Nôm form of vường.

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

枉: Hán Nôm readings: uổng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.