# 學生
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xuéshēng
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xüo$^2$ sen$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүәсын (xüəsɨn, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hok$^6$ saang$^1$ / hok$^6$ sang$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hok$^5$ sang$^{1*}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-sâng
    (Hailu, HRS): hog$^ˋ$ sang$^ˋ$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh$^5$ seng$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŏk-sĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah$^7$ seng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-seng / ha̍k-sng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hag$^8$ sêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$ghoq-san
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuéshēng → xuésheng (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄥ → ㄒㄩㄝˊ ˙ㄕㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuéshe̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^2$-shêng$^5$
*** Yale: sywé-sheng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue.sheng
*** Palladius: сюэшэн (sjuešɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/ → /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ³/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xüo$^2$ sen$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiuosen
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyo²¹ sən⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүәсын (xüəsɨn, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyə²⁴ səŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hok$^6$ saang$^1$ / hok$^6$ sang$^1$
*** Yale: hohk sāang / hohk sāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hok$^9$ saang$^1$ / hok$^9$ sang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hog$^6$ sang$^1$ / hog$^6$ seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːk̚² saːŋ⁵⁵/, /hɔːk̚² sɐŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hok$^5$ sang$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔk̚³² saŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-sâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: hog sang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hog$^6$ sang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ saŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hog$^ˋ$ sang$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hok² saŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xyeh$^5$ seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴ səŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏk-sĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /houʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^7$ seng$^1$ [Phonetic: hah$^6$ seng$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̍h-seng
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ⁴⁻¹ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^7$ seng$^1$ [Phonetic: hah$^6$ seng$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ²⁴⁻² ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Sanxia, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-seng
*** Tâi-lô: ha̍k-sing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hagsefng
*** IPA (Yilan): /hak̚⁵⁻² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /hak̚⁴³⁻²¹ seŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /hak̚⁴⁻³ seŋ³³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /hak̚³⁵⁻² siɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan): /hak̚⁴⁻¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /hak̚⁵⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-sng
*** Tâi-lô: ha̍k-sng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hagsngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hak̚²⁴⁻² sŋ̍³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hag$^8$ sêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ha̍k seng
*** Sinological IPA : /hak̚⁴⁻² seŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$ghoq-san
*** MiniDict: ghoh$^入$ san
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$hhoq-san
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoʔ¹¹ sã²³/
* Middle Chinese: haewk sraeng
Rime :
| Character | 學 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 胡覺切 | 所庚切 |
| Baxter | haewk | sraeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠʌk̚/ | /ʃˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚɔk̚/ | /ʃᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɔk̚/ | /ʃaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨwk̚/ | /ʂaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɔk̚/ | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɔk̚/ | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɔk̚/ | /ʂɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xué | shēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hok$^6$ | sang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk sreŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ sʰleːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 學 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xué | shēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæwk › | ‹ sræng › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-kˁruk/ | /*sreŋ/ |
| English | study; imitate | fresh, raw |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 學 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 14079 | 11312 |
| Phonetic component | 學 | 生 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 學 | 生 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡruːɡ/ | /*sʰleːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象習持爻於膝前， 金文方加子 | |

### Noun

學生
* student; pupil (Classifier: 位 m)
    學生時代／学生时代 ― xuéshēng shídài ― student days
    學生手冊／学生手册 ― xuéshēng shǒucè ― student handbook
    一位認真的學生／一位认真的学生 ― yī wèi rènzhēn de xuéshēng ― a conscientious student
    提高學生素質／提高学生素质 ― tígāo xuéshēng sùzhì ― to improve the calibre of students
       yòufā xuéshēng xiězuò xìngqù de fāngfǎ [Pinyin]
       methods of arousing students' interest in writing
       Wǒ bù shì xuéshēng, wǒ shì gōngchéngshī. [Pinyin]
       I am not a student, I am an engineer.
       Dàduōshù xuéshēng kǎo wán le shì. [Pinyin]
       Most of the students have finished the exam.
       Xuéshēng shēnbiān dài zhe shǒujī. [Pinyin]
       The students have mobile phones with them.
       Qǐng nǐmen xuǎnchū jǐ wèi xuéshēng dàibiǎo lái cānjiā. [Pinyin]
       Please select a few student representatives to participate.
* disciple; follower (Classifier: 位 m)

#### Synonyms

* (student):
* 學員 / 学员 (xuéyuán) (especially one who studies outside the usual educational system)
* 學堂生 / 学堂生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 學子 / 学子 (xuézǐ) (literary)
* 學徒 / 学徒 (xuétú) (literary)
* 學生仔 / 学生仔 (Hakka, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 學生子 / 学生子 (Wu)
* 生徒 (shēngtú) (literary)
* (disciple):
* 學師仔 / 学师仔 (hok$^6$ si$^1$ zai$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 學徒 / 学徒 (xuétú)
* 學徒工 / 学徒工 (xuétúgōng)
* 師仔 / 师仔 (Hokkien, Taishanese)
* 師仔工 / 师仔工 (Hokkien)
* 師哥 / 师哥 (shīgē) (Longyan Min)
* 師囝 / 师囝 (sai$^1$ gian$^2$) (Teochew)
* 弟子 (dìzǐ)
* 徒工 (túgōng)
* 徒弟 (túdì)
* 徒弟伢子 (dou$^2$ di$^4$ nga$^2$ zr) (Xiang)
* 徒弟娃兒 / 徒弟娃儿 (tu$^2$ di$^4$ war$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 門人 / 门人 (ménrén)
* 門徒 / 门徒 (méntú)
* 門生 / 门生 (ménshēng) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 中學生 / 中学生 (zhōngxuéshēng)
* 國際學生 / 国际学生 (guójì xuéshēng)
* 大學生 / 大学生 (dàxuéshēng)
* 學生仔 / 学生仔
* 學生伴 / 学生伴
* 學生哥 / 学生哥
* 學生妹 / 学生妹 (xuéshēngmèi)
* 學生會 / 学生会 (xuéshenghuì)
* 學生腔 / 学生腔 (xuéshēngqiāng)
* 學生裝 / 学生装 (xuéshēngzhuāng)
* 學生證 / 学生证 (xuéshēngzhèng)
* 學生運動 / 学生运动 (xuéshēng yùndòng)
* 小學生 / 小学生 (xiǎoxuéshēng)
* 有狀元學生，無狀元先生 / 有状元学生，无状元先生

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 学(がく)生(せい) (gakusei)
* → Okinawan: 学(がく)生(そー) (gakusō)
* → Korean: 학생(學生) (haksaeng)
* → Jeju: ᄒᆞᆨ셍 (hawkseng)
* → Vietnamese: học sinh (學生)
Other:
* → Zhuang: hagseng

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 學 | 生 |
| がく Hyōgai | せい Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

學(がく)生(せい) • (gakusei)
* Kyūjitai form of 学生: student

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 學 | 生 |

### Noun

學生 • (haksaeng) (hangeul 학생)
* hanja form of 학생 (“student”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 學 | 生 |

### Noun

學生
* chữ Hán form of học sinh.
** (archaic, education) a student
** (primary and secondary education) a pupil; a schoolchild/schoolkid
    Coordinate terms: 學員 (học viên), 生員 (sinh viên), 研究生 (nghiên cứu sinh)