OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# غالب
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of غَلَبَ (ḡalaba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣaː.lib/

### Adjective

غَالِب • (ḡālib) (masculine plural غَالِبُونَ (ḡālibūna) or غَلَبَة (ḡalaba), elative أَغْلَب (ʔaḡlab))
* triumphant, victorious
* predominant, preponderant

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qalib
* → Bengali: গালিব (galibo)
* →⇒ Spanish: Gálvez
* → Ottoman Turkish: غالب (galib)
** Turkish: galip
** Crimean Tatar: ğalip
* → Uyghur: غالىپ (ghalip)
* → Uzbek: gʻolib

### Noun

غَالِب • (ḡālib) m (plural غَلَبَة (ḡalaba) or غَالِبُون (ḡālibūn), feminine غَالِبَة (ḡāliba))
* victor
* (contextual) more numerous, most numerous, plurality, majority, more, most (+ genitive: of)

#### Declension
### References

* 1 2 Wehr, Hans (1979) “غالب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic غَالِب (ḡālib).

### Proper noun

غالب • (Galib)
* a male given name from Arabic

### Adjective

غالب • (galib)
* triumphant, victorious

### Noun

غالب • (galib)
* victor

#### Descendants

* Turkish: galip

### Further reading

* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “galip”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَالِب (ḡālib).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɣɑː.ˈliβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɣɑː.lɪ́b]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɣɑː.lɪ́b]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɣɑː.lɪ́b]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɣɔː.líb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qɒː.léb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʁɔ.líb]

### Adjective

غالب • (ğâleb)
* dominant, major
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1418:حکم آن خور است کان غالبتر است چون که زر بیش از مس آید آن زر استhakm ān xūr ast k-ān ğalib-tar ast čōn ki zar bēš as mis āyad ān zar astTo the disposition that is preponderant belongs the decision (as to what you are): when the gold is more than the copper, it (the mixture) is gold.
* victorious, conqueror
# robosexuality
## English
### Etymology

From robosexual +‎ -ity.

### Noun

robosexuality (uncountable)
* Sexual attraction to robots.
** 2010 July 8, Michael Rowe, “Proposition Infinity” (7:22 from the start), in Futurama‎, season 6, episode 4, spoken by Reverend Lionel Preacherbot (Phil LaMarr):“Sinners! Robosexuality is an abomination!” “This guy.” “The good book sayeth a robot shall not lie down with a human, nor do it standing up, nor at any angle in between.”

#### Related terms

* robosexual
# chaukidar
## English
### Alternative forms

* chocadar, chockedaur, chokadar, chokedar, chokidar, chowkedar, chowkidar, chaukidari, chawkidar, chawkidari

### Etymology

From Hindi चौकीदार (caukīdār), from चौकी (caukī, “post”) + -दार (-dār, “-holder”).

### Noun

chaukidar (plural chaukidars)
* (India) A watchman; a guard.
** 1887, Rudyard Kipling, From Sea to Sea:A chowkidar (watchman) was deputed to do justice.
** 1969, H. R. F. Keating, Inspector Ghote plays a joker:... And tell me do you think it was he himself who impersonated the policeman who so conveniently took over the guarding of the horse when the chowkidar's house was set on fire." "That is the chowkidar guarding the stables?" Ghote asked.
** 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 21:When he landed the chaukidars or gatekeepers drew their scimitars, thinking that Morgan was a Burmese general coming to Calcutta as a spy.

#### Related terms

* chokey
# αναποτελεσματικός
## Greek
### Etymology

Learnedly from αν- (an-, α- privative) +‎ αποτελεσματικός (apotelesmatikós), a calque of French ineffectif (rare) and English ineffective.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.na.po.te.le.zma.tiˈkos/
* Hyphenation: α‧να‧πο‧τε‧λε‧σμα‧τι‧κός

### Adjective

αναποτελεσματικός • (anapotelesmatikós) m (feminine αναποτελεσματική, neuter αναποτελεσματικό)
* ineffectual, ineffective

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο αναποτελεσματικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο αναποτελεσματικός, etc.)

#### Related terms

* αναποτελεσματικά (anapotelesmatiká, “ineffectually”)

### References

* ↑ αναποτελεσματικός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# spherical cow
## English
### Noun

spherical cow (plural spherical cows)
* (humorous) A highly simplified scientific model of a complex real-life phenomenon.
    Synonym: spherical chicken
** Csaba Csaki (ed.), Scott Dodelson (ed.), Physics of the Large and the Small: TASI 09, Proceedings of the Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics (page 405)
    […] something of a "spherical cow" approximation of dark matter.
# Knulliana
## Translingual
### Etymology

First described as a taxon in 1962 by Earle Gorton Linsley, an American entomologist. Further etymology unknown.

### Pronunciation

* English: (US) IPA: /ˌnl̩.liˈɑ.nə/

### Proper noun

Knulliana f
* A taxonomic genus within the tribe Bothriospilini – a monotypic taxon containing only Knulliana cincta, the banded hickory borer, a species of longhorn beetle.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Hexapoda – subphylum; Insecta – class; Pterygota – subclass; Neoptera – infraclass; Holometabola – superorder; Coleoptera – order; Polyphaga – suborder; Cucujiformia – infraorder; Chrysomeloidea – superfamily; Cerambycidae – family; Cerambycinae - subfamily; Bothriospilini - tribe

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Knulliana cincta
# 山牛牯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-ngiù-kú
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-ngiù-kú
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ ngiu$^ˇ$ gu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ ngiu$^2$ gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ ŋi̯u¹¹ ku³¹/

### Noun

山牛牯
* (Hakka) longhorn beetle; longicorn

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 牽牛／牵牛
* (Teochew) 柑蛘, 蛀角蛘, 苦楝牛
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 天牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 天牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 老牛, 天牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 天牛郎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 天牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 水牯牛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 天牛 |
| Gan | Pengze | 水牛 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 天牛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 山羊角, 仙牛角, 天牛 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 天牛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 山牛牯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 天牛牯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 天牛 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 天牛 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 山牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 山牛牯 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 山牛精 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 山牛牯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 山牛牯 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 天牛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 牛犅螢 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 牛角𨂿 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 水牛, 水牛犅 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 水牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 水牛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 水牛 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 牛角𨂿 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 牛角𨂿 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 牛角𨂿 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 水牛犅 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鐵牯牛 |
# heat stable
## English
### Alternative forms

* heat-stable, heatstable

### Adjective

heat stable (comparative more heat stable, superlative most heat stable)
* That does not break down at high temperatures.
** 1990, Muhammad Mahmood Hassan, The Effects of Heat Stable Proteins on Preservation of Bovine Spermatozoa, page 116:Heat stable proteins were equally good in progressive motility, but the control was better.
** 1991, Guillermo Bartolomé Cap, Inheritance and Phenotypic Expression of Heat Stable Resistance to Meloidodyne Spp. in Lycopersicon Peruvianum and Its Transfer to Edible Tomato, page 63:Both genes are expressed at normal (25C) soil temperature, but only the heat stable gene is expressed at high (30C) soil temperature.
** 1996, G.A.F. Hendry, J.D. Houghton, Natural Food Colorants, page 68:Being heat stable, the colour is retained during the cooking process.
# ecoporn
## English
### Etymology

From eco- +‎ porn.

### Noun

ecoporn (uncountable)
* Synonym of ecopornography
** 2016, Paul C. Adams, Jim Craine, The Routledge Research Companion to Media Geography
    Ecoporn recalls the visuality of romanticism while alluding to some of the biological activities that ground anthropomorphism.
# undertrykke
## Danish
### Etymology

From under- +‎ trykke, from Middle Low German underdrucken. Compare Latin supprimere.

### Verb

undertrykke (imperative undertryk, infinitive at undertrykke, present tense undertrykker, past tense undertrykte, perfect tense undertrykt)
* to oppress, repress, suppress

#### Conjugation

activepassive
present
undertrykker
undertrykkes
past
undertrykte
undertryktes
infinitive
undertrykke
undertrykkes
imperative
undertryk
participle
present
undertrykkende
past
undertrykt (auxiliary verb have or være)
gerund
undertrykken :

#### Derived terms

* undertrykkelse
* undertrykker

### References

* “undertrykke” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From under- +‎ trykke; possibly from Middle Low German underdrucken.

### Verb

undertrykke (imperative undertrykk, present tense undertrykker, passive undertrykkes, simple past undertrykket or undertrykte, past participle undertrykket or undertrykt, present participle undertrykkende)
* to oppress, repress, suppress

#### Derived terms

* undertrykkelse
* undertrykking

### References

* “undertrykke” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
# shave horse
## English
### Noun

shave horse (plural shave horses)
* Synonym of shaving horse
** 2013, Edward Mills, Rebecca Oaks, Greenwood Crafts: A Comprehensive Guide, pages 2-16:The shave horse is the ubiquitous sit-upon device that is indispensable.
# have a monk on
## English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

have a monk on (third-person singular simple present has a monk on, present participle having a monk on, simple past and past participle had a monk on)
* (UK, slang) To be sullen or bad-tempered.
** 2019, H. A. Dawson, Stumbling in a Smoky Haze:'That's not what bothers me.' 'Really? You've had a monk on ever since you got home last night ... stomping around like a little kid. You're worse than that little deviant.'

#### References

* 2006, Eric Partridge, Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
# durally
## English
### Etymology

From dural +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

durally (comparative more durally, superlative most durally)
* Pertaining to the dura mater.
** 2010, Winifred Gray, Gabrijela Kocjan, Diagnostic Cytopathology, page 832:A durally attached tumour compressing the brain or spinal cord, without directly infiltrating the brain will usually be a meningioma.
** 2013, Kieran Murphy, Fergus Robertson, Interventional Neuroradiology, page 151:The term dural arteriovenous fistual (DAVF) incorporates a wide variety of durally based vascular lesions occurring in different locations, at different ages with characteristics that vary between demographic groups.
** 2020, Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, The Final FRCR: Self-Assessment, page 57:Pachymeningeal disease is durally based and may be secondary to adjacent skull lesions or via lymphatic or haematogenous spread.
** 2021, Onn Min Kon, Tuberculosis in Clinical Practice, page 199:There is an extra-axial durally based lesion which is hypointense on T2-weighted images (a, arrow), and demonstrates avid contrast enhancement on axial (b) and coronal (c) post-contrast T1-weighted images.
# zackley
## English
### Adverb

zackley (comparative more zackley, superlative most zackley)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of exactly
** 1879, Leonard Bacon, Joseph Parrish Thompson, Richard Salter Storrs, The Independent (volume 31, page 28)
    'That's it, zackley!' cried Tom.
# عامه
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَامَّة (ʕāmma, “most general part of; common people”)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔɑːm.ma]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑːm.mä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑːm.mä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑːm.mä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔːm.mä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔɒːm.me]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔɔm.mä]

### Noun

عامه • ('âmme)
* public, populace, common people
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1392:دیده این شاهان ز عامه خوف جان کاین گره کورند و شاهان بینشانdīda īn šāhān zi 'āmma xawf-i jān k-īn guruh kūr-and u šāhān bē-nišānThese (spiritual) kings have seen (themselves in) danger of their lives from the vulgar; for this multitude are blind, and the kings (are) without (a visible) mark.

#### Descendants

* → Uzbek: omma

### References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عامه”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# undertrykkelse
## Danish
### Etymology

From undertrykke +‎ -else. Compare German Unterdrückung, Dutch onderdrukking.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

undertrykkelse c (singular definite undertrykkelsen, plural indefinite undertrykkelser)
* oppression, repression, suppression

#### Synonyms

* repression

### References

* “undertrykkelse” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “undertrykkelse” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From undertrykke +‎ -else.

### Noun

undertrykkelse m (definite singular undertrykkelsen, indefinite plural undertrykkelser, definite plural undertrykkelsene)
* oppression, repression, suppression

#### Synonyms

* undertrykking

### References

* “undertrykkelse” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
# 먹방러
## Korean
### Etymology

먹방 (meokbang, “mukbang”) +‎ 러 (-reo).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mʌ̹k̚p͈a̠ŋnʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [먹빵너]

### Noun

먹방러 • (meokbangneo)
* (slang, social media) mukbanger
# 선플러
## Korean
### Etymology

선플 (seonpeul, “positive comments”) +‎ 러 (-reo).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰʌ̹npʰɯɭɭʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [선플러]

### Noun

선플러 • (seonpeulleo)
* (Internet slang) people who post positive comments
    Antonym: 악플러 (akpeulleo)
# ecoparasite
## English
### Etymology

From eco- +‎ parasite.

### Noun

ecoparasite (plural ecoparasites)
* A parasite for which the host animal has developed a tolerance or immunity.
** 1983, D. E. Kaukeinen, Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials, page 102:Ecoparasite control, with appropriate concentrations of carbaryl, malathion, or pyrethrin dusts, is permissible if the agent is applied externally to both test and control animals not less than seven days prior to the start of the test.
** 2017, Leo M.L. Nollet, Hamir Singh Rathore, Green Pesticides Handbook: Essential Oils for Pest Control:They are also making inroads where animal safety is a primary concern, for example, for ecoparasite control on companion animals (dogs and cats), and for fly control in dairy and poultry operations.
** 2024, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan, Palmy Jesudhasan, Vaccines in Aquaculture, page 246:Only one commercial parasite vaccine is available against an ecoparasite for sea lice.

#### Derived terms

* ecoparasitic
# middle-browism
## English
### Noun

middle-browism (uncountable)
* Alternative form of middlebrowism.
** 1996, C. Bloom, Cult Fiction: Popular Reading and Pulp Theory, page 113:The fear of corporatism, consumerism, middle-browism and a mass reading public has driven twentieth-century cultural hierarchists.
** 2012, David Ake, Charles Hiroshi Garrett, Daniel Goldmark, Jazz/Not Jazz: The Music and Its Boundaries, page 111:As these emulations might suggest, this broad jazz-with-strings repertory is closely related to midcentury trends in American "middle-browism," a connection especially prominent in this music's overriding glorified entertainment aesthetic and its often presumed dilutions of "higher" musical traditions.
** 2014, M. Taylor, The Age of Asa:In the lecture, Briggs warned of the dangers of what Macdonald called 'middle-browism', and elsewhere expressed his concern that the acquisitive society was not only creating passive work but also passive leisure, 'a parody of social democracy'.
# electrolytemia
## English
### Etymology

From electrolyte +‎ -emia.

### Noun

electrolytemia
* The composition of electrolytes in the blood.
** 1956, Nils Alwall, Per Erlanson, Margareta Nyman, Axel Tornberg, Acta Medica Scandinavica - Volume 153, page 28:Electrolyte supply administered with the aim of correcting the electrolytemia, did not improve her cerebral condition.
** 2012, C. Homberg, J. Perheentupa, “Congenital Chloride Diarrhea”, in Advances in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics:However, with continuous oral substitution of the intestinal losses of Cl<aup>-, Na$^+$, K$^+$, and water, a normal electrolytemia and normal extracellular fluid volume could be maintained and normal growth and development guaranteed.
** 2012, Giuseppina Marra, Paolo Gilles Vercelloni, Alberto Edefonti, Gianantonio Manzoni, Maria Angela Pavesi, Giovanni Battista Fogazzi, Giuseppe Garigali, Lionel Mockel, Irene Ceballos Picot, “Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency: An Underdiagnosed Cause of Lithiasis and Renal Failure”, in JIMD Reports – Case and Research Reports, page 46:The hematological (acid-base balance, parathormone, electrolytemia, renal function) and urinary examinations showed no signs of tubulopathy or major metabolic diseases causing urolithiasis: aminoaciduria and cystinuria, ossaluria and citraturia were normal;
** 2019, Aspi F Golwalla, Sharukh A Golwalla, A Handbook of Emergencies, page 12:IV. Convulsions […] Causes […] (g) Miscellaneous: Pyridoxine deficiency or dependency, hypomagnesemia, electrolyemia, kernicterus.

#### Derived terms

* dyselectrolytemia
* hyperelectrolytemia
* hypoelectrolytemia
# enantiotrope
## English
### Noun

enantiotrope (plural enantiotropes)
* A crystal that can undergo a reversible transformation when heated above, or cooled below, a transition-point temperature.
** 2004, Peter York, Uday B. Kompella, Boris Y. Shekunov, Supercritical Fluid Technology for Drug Product Development, page 288:Since α-carbamazepine is a monotrope of γ-carbamazepine, and γ-carbamazepine is an enantiotrope of β-carbamazepine, the physical stability hierarchy depends on the transition temperature of β- and γ-carbamazepine.
** 2011, Gautam R. Desiraju, Jagadese J. Vittal, Arunachalam Ramanan, Crystal Engineering, page 112:Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or differential thermal analysis (DTA) scans (Section 5.5.3) can be employed to distinguish an enantiotrope from a monotrope.
** 2014, William J. Brock, Barbara Mounho, Lijie Fu, The Role of the Study Director in Nonclinical Studies, page 174:These can be differentiated on a thermal scan where an endothermic transition indicates enantiotropes and an exothermic transition indicates monotropes .

#### Coordinate terms

* monotrope

#### Derived terms

* enantiotropism
# pseudomonotheistic
## English
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ monotheistic.

### Adjective

pseudomonotheistic (not comparable)
* (religion) Appearing to be, but not truly monotheistic.
** 2004, George F. McLean, Robert R. Magliola, William Fox, Democracy: In the Throes of Liberalism and Totalitarianism, page 101:This dictates the reasonableness of the rupture of a unipersonalist absolute that is pseudomonotheistic since, in this case, the possibility of any other being would have been made impossible.
# Indo-Arabic
## English
### Etymology

From Indo- +‎ Arabic.

### Adjective

Indo-Arabic (comparative more Indo-Arabic, superlative most Indo-Arabic)
* Pertaining to the interaction between Indian and Arabic cultures.
** 2003, UNESCO, The different aspects of islamic culture, page 288:Among the numerous Arabic works of the later period of Indo-Arabic literature one should mention the Manāqib al-Ḥaydariyya by the Arab writter Aḥmad al-Shirwānī at the court of Lucknow;
** 2008, Jonathan Borwein, David Bailey, Mathematics by Experiment:The Indo-Arabic system was introduced into Europe in 1000 CE, but due to resistance from several quarters, centuries elapsed before it finally enjoyed widespread use.
** 2014, Jacqueline Knörr, Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia, page 109:The large part of the Indo-Arabic population considers itself and is considered by others as part of the Betawi.

#### Derived terms

* Indo-Arabic numeral
# intra-articularly
## English
### Adverb

intra-articularly (not comparable)
* Alternative form of intraarticularly
** 2013, Joint Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare, page 47:The method may include administering a first and second ion channel regulator intra-articularly by injection.
** 2013, Honorio MD Benzon, James P. Rathmell, Christopher L. Wu, Practical Management of Pain, page 773:Another systematic review by Kalso and coworkers found that 5 mg of morphine injected intra-articularly into the knee joint provides relief of postoperative pain for up to 24 hours.
** 2016, Santos F. Martinez, Regenerative Medicine, page 24:There is considerable interest in using anakinra intra-articularly in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and injured joints.
# valuability
## English
### Etymology

From valuable +‎ -ity.

### Noun

valuability (uncountable)
* The quality of being valuable, valuableness.
** 2012, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Calvin O. Schrag, Foundations of Morality, Human Rights, and the Human Sciences‎, page 20:This valuability resides in the threefold relevance of the transactional interests of the involved individuals.
** 1994, Marshall C. Yovits, Advances in Computers‎, page 261:Two factors make it possible to turn things into objects of trade: (1) appropriability, and (2) valuability (Mowshowitz, 1992a).
** 2020, Werner Abraham, Modality in Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics‎, page 65:Discursive valuability holds equally well for entailments and presuppositions.
# retort processing
## English
### Noun

retort processing (uncountable)
* The process of heating food to a high temperature under pressure after it has been sealed in packaging.
** 2004, Diane M. Barrett, Laszlo Somogyi, Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy, Processing Fruits: Science and Technology:The rotary retort processing method can be used for liquid, semiviscous, or particulate foods and has many advantages compared to the still retort processing method .
** 2007, S. Daniel Holdsworth, Ricardo Simpson, Thermal Processing of Packaged Foods, page 343:To safely process these types of flexible packages, careful control of overriding air pressure is needed during retort processing, and pure saturated steam, alone, cannot be used as the heat exchange medium.
** 2012, Da-Wen Sun, Thermal Food Processing, page 90:The primary objective of heat penetration measurements is to obtain an accurate recording of the product termperature at the can cold spot over time while the container is being treated under a controlled set of retort processing conditions.