# ge
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian гэ (gɛ).

### Noun

ge (plural ges)
* The name of the Cyrillic script letter Г / г.

### Anagrams

* EG, e.g., E&G, eg, e. g.

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe/

### Noun

ge inan
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈʒe]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈd͡ʒe]
* Rhymes: -e

### Noun

ge f (plural ges)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

## Cebuano
### Interjection

ge
* (informal) Short for sige.

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* gij

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣə/
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

ge
* (dialectal, colloquial) unstressed form of gij: you
    Da ge bedankt zeet da witte!You know I'm thankful!

#### Usage notes

    See usage notes at gij

#### Declension

| | subject | subject | object | object | possessive | possessive | possessive | reflexive | genitive$^5$ |
| singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | | |
| 1st person | ik | 'k$^1$ | mij | me | mijn | m'n$^1$ | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
| 2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
| 2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u, zich$^7$ | uwer, uws |
| 3rd person masculine | hij | ie$^1$ | hem | 'm$^1$ | zijn | z'n$^1$ | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
| 3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r$^1$, 'r$^1$, d'r$^1$ | haar | h'r$^1$, 'r$^1$, d'r$^1$ | hare | zich | harer, haars |
| 3rd person neuter | het | 't$^1$ | het | 't$^1$ | zijn | z'n$^1$ | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
| plural | | | | | | | | | |
| 1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze$^2$ | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
| 2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
| 2nd person archaic or regiolectal$^6$ | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u, zich$^7$ | uwer, uws |
| 3rd person | zij | ze | hen$^3$, hun$^4$ | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
| $^{1)}$ Not as common in written language. $^{2)}$ Inflected as an adjective. $^{3)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). $^{4)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). $^{5)}$ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. $^{6)}$ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). | $^{1)}$ Not as common in written language. $^{2)}$ Inflected as an adjective. $^{3)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). $^{4)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). $^{5)}$ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. $^{6)}$ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). | $^{1)}$ Not as common in written language. $^{2)}$ Inflected as an adjective. $^{3)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). $^{4)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). $^{5)}$ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. $^{6)}$ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). | $^{1)}$ Not as common in written language. $^{2)}$ Inflected as an adjective. $^{3)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). $^{4)}$ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). $^{5)}$ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. $^{6)}$ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). | $^{7)}$ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' | $^{7)}$ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' | $^{7)}$ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' | $^{7)}$ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' | $^{7)}$ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' | $^{7)}$ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' |

### Anagrams

* eg

## East Central German
### Etymology

Old High German io.

### Adverb

ge
* (Erzgebirgisch) ever
    von ge harever since
* (Erzgebirgisch) per
* (Erzgebirgisch) the

### Further reading

* Alte und neue Gedichte und Geschichten in erzgebirgischer Mundart, 12. Heft., P. 39

## Emilian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe/
* Hyphenation: ge

### Alternative forms

* Becomes g’ before a vowel (proclitic).
    A g’andám edmān. ― We go there tomorrow.
    La g’à parlê. ― She talked to them.
* Becomes -eg when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
    J-eg vān edmān. ― They go there tomorrow. (imperative, singular)
    J-eg dān da fêr. ― They give her trouble.
* Becomes -g when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
    A-g vag edmān. ― I’m going there tomorrow. (imperative, plural)
    A-g pôrt di munjêgi. ― I bring him some apricots.

### Etymology 1

From Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille). Cognate with Catalan li and Italian gli.

#### Pronoun

ge (personal, dative case)
* him, to him
    Al ge xîva njînta.He wasn’t saying anything to him.
* her, to her
* them, to them

##### Related terms

| Number | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) | Nominative (subject) | Accusative (direct complement) | Dative (indirect complement) | Reflexive (-self) | Comitative (with) |
| Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | me | me | mêg |
| Singular | Second | — | tè | et | te | te | te | têg |
| Singular | Third | Masculine | ló | al | al | ge | se | sêg |
| Singular | Third | Feminine | lê | la | la | | ge | se | sêg |
| Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | se | se | nōsk |
| Plural | First | Feminine | nuētri | a | se | se | se | nōsk |
| Plural | Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | ve | ve | vōsk |
| Plural | Second | Feminine | vuētri | a | ve | ve | ve | vōsk |
| Plural | Third | Masculine | lôr | i | i | ge | se | sêg |
| Plural | Third | Feminine | lôr | el | li | ge | se | sêg |

### Etymology 2

From Latin hīc (“here”). Cognate with Catalan hi, French y, Italian ci.

#### Pronoun

ge (adverbial, locative case)
* here, in here
* there, in there
    Al ge màt dèinter dl’akwa.He puts water in there.

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /keː/

### Noun

ge n (genitive singular ges, plural ge)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

## Ido
### Etymology

From g +‎ -e.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe/, /ɡɛ/

### Noun

ge (plural ge-i)
* The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

#### See also

* Latin script letter names: literi: a · be · ce · che · de · e · fe · ge · he · i · je · ke · le · me · ne · o · pe · que · re · se · she · te · u · ve · we · xe · ye · ze

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch gee.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe/, [ɡe]

### Noun

gé (plural ge-ge)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

#### Synonyms

* ji (Standard Malay)

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

### Further reading

* “ge” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

ge
* The hiragana syllable げ (ge) or the katakana syllable ゲ (ge) in Hepburn romanization.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡeː/, [ˈɡeː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒe/, [ˈd͡ʒɛː]

### Noun

gē f (indeclinable)
* The name of the letter G.

#### Coordinate terms

* (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

### References

* “ge”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “ge”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

## Mandarin
### Romanization

ge (ge$^5$ / ge$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄍㄜ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 個 / 个

### Romanization

ge
* Nonstandard spelling of gē.
* Nonstandard spelling of gé.
* Nonstandard spelling of gě.
* Nonstandard spelling of gè.
* Nonstandard spelling of gê̄.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Mapudungun
### Noun

ge (Raguileo spelling)
* (anatomy) eye
* sight, the ability to see.

### References

* Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

ge
* Alternative form of ye (“you”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

ge
* Alternative form of heo (“she”)

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡē/

### Verb

ge
* to be good
    U ge à ― It's not good

#### Derived terms

* gige (“goodness; being good”)
* ège (“goodness”)

## Occitan
### Noun

ge f (plural ges)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

## Ojibwe
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Adverb

ge
* as for
* also, too, and

#### See also

* gaye
* miinawaa

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/ge-adv-conj

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from *jīz, an early variation of Proto-Germanic *jūz, representing Proto-Indo-European *yūs.
Cognate with Old Frisian jī, Old Saxon gi, Dutch gij, Old High German ir (German ihr), Old Norse ér (Swedish I, later ni), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Albanian ju, Proto-Baltic *ju- (Lithuanian jūs), Tocharian A yas, Tocharian B yes.

#### Alternative forms

* gī — Northumbrian

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jeː/

#### Pronoun

ġē (West Saxon, Anglian)
* you (plural): nominative plural of þū

##### Declension

| | | | nominative | accusative | dative | genitive |
| singular | first person | first person | iċ | mē, mec | mē | mīn |
| singular | second person | second person | þū | þē, þec | þē | þīn |
| singular | third person | neuter | hit | hit | him | his |
| singular | third person | masculine | hē | hine | him | his |
| singular | third person | feminine | hēo | hīe | hire | hire |
| dual | first person | first person | wit | unc, uncit | unc | uncer |
| dual | second person | second person | ġit | inc, incit | inc | incer |
| plural | first person | first person | wē | ūs, ūsiċ | ūs | ūre, ūser |
| plural | second person | second person | ġē | ēow, ēowiċ | ēow | ēower |
| plural | third person | third person | hīe | hīe | him | heora |

##### Descendants

* Middle English: ye, yee, ȝe, ȝee, yeȝ, yhe, ȝhe, ge, iye, yie, ȝie, gie, hye, hie, ȝeo, geo
** English: ye, yee
** Scots: ȝe, ye
** Yola: ye

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *jahw, from *ja + *-hw.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /je/

#### Conjunction

ġe
* and; often doubled as ġe... ġe... ("both... and...")
** late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
    Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?

##### Descendants

* Middle English: gea, ȝe, ȝa, ȝi, ye

## Old French
### Pronoun

ge
* Alternative form of je

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin illī.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒe/

### Pronoun

ge
* to her, to it, or to him

#### Descendants

* Spanish: se

## Rawa
### Pronoun

ge
* you

### References

* Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)

## Romagnol
### Noun

ge m or f (invariable)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) lètra; a, bé, cé, dé, e, ëffe, ge, àcca / àca, i, i lóng, càpa, ëlle, èmme, ènne, o, pé, cu, ërre, ësse, té, u, vé, dópi vé / dópi vu / vu dópi, ics, i gréc / ìpsilon, zéta

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish cía (“although”). Cognate with Irish cé.

### Conjunction

ge
* (dated) although

#### Synonyms

* ged

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxe/ [ˈxe]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: ge

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ge f (plural ges)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

### Etymology 2

Latin illī; akin to Portuguese lhe, Italian gli.

#### Pronoun

ge
* Obsolete form of se (as a dative pronoun)

### Further reading

* “ge”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

Probably from Ewe gē (“belch”).

### Verb

ge
* to belch, to burp

### References

* ↑ Norval Smith (2009) “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, in P. Muysken, N. Smith, editors, Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 467.

## Sumerian
### Romanization

ge
* Romanization of 𒄀 (ge)

## Swedish
### Etymology

Apocopic form of giva, with umlaut, from Old Swedish giva, gæva, from Old Norse gefa, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰab(ʰ)-. Compare Old English giefan (whence English give).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jeː/, [ˈjeːə]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eː

### Verb

ge (present ger, preterite gav, supine gett, imperative ge)
* to give
    Synonym: giva (dated)
** 1541, Gustav Vasa Bible, Book of Matthew, 25:42
    Ty iagh war hungrogh / och j gåffuen migh icke äta. Jagh war torstigh / och j gåffuen migh icke dricka.(pre-1906 spelling) Ty jag var hungrig, och I gåfven mig icke äta; jag var törstig, och I gåfven mig icke dricka.For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink.
* (reflexive) to give up, to surrender, to quit
* to give (to exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to yield)

#### Usage notes

* The older full conjugation (giva, giver) is complete with present and past participles. The short conjugation (ge, ger) does not provide acceptable forms for participles (*geende, *gedd), but is now the preferred and dominating choice for other cases (ge, ger, gett).

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.
$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.
$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Derived terms

* ange
* avge
* formge
* ge an
* ge besked
* ge bort
* ge efter
* ge igen
* ge järnet
* ge med sig
* ge rätt
* ge sig av
* ge sig den på
* ge sig in i
* ge sig på
* ge sig till
* ge sig tillkänna
* ge tillbaka
* ge upp
* ge ut
* ge vid handen
* inge
* tillge
* uppge
* utge
* överge

### References

* ge in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ge in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ge in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* EG, eg.

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈɡe/ [ˈɡɛ]
* Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: ge

#### Interjection

ge (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒ)
* Clipping of sige.

##### Derived terms

* gege

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish ge, the Spanish name of the letter G/g.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈhe/ [ˈhɛ]
* Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: ge

#### Noun

ge (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒ)
* (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter G/g, in the Abecedario
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) dyi, (in the Abakada alphabet) ga

##### Alternative forms

* he

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡeː/

### Determiner

ge
* (distal) that, those
    namo ge ― that chicken

### Pronoun

ge
* (demonstrative) this
    ngori tomau ge ― I want that
    ge foke ― that is a cockroach

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟe/

### Noun

ge (definite accusative geyi, plural geler)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

## Turkmen
### Noun

ge (definite accusative geni, plural geler)
* The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) harp; a, be, çe, de, e, ä, ef, ge, ha, i, je, že, ke, el, em, en, eň, o, ö, pe, re, se, şa, te, u, ü, we, y, ýy, ze

## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡé/

### Verb

gé
* (transitive) to cut something; especially using a tool
    Synonym: ké
* to segment into parts
    mo gé e wẹ́lẹ́-wẹ́lẹ́ ― I segmented it into small pieces
* (stative, intransitive) to become cut, snapped, or broken
    Synonym: ké

#### Derived terms

* ègé (“piece, segment, cutting”)
* ìgé (“the act of slicing”)

## Zaghawa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɛ/

### Verb

ge
* sleep

### References

* Focus in an active agentive alignment system the case of Beria Saharan Angelika Jakobi