# non-
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈnɒn/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈnɑn/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”) and Old English nān- (prefix), both from Old English nān (“no, not any”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, zero”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

#### Prefix

non-
* Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.
    nonpayment (“lack of payment, failure to pay”)
    nonaggressive (“not aggressive”)
** Not, the negation of the root word (a quality).
    nonaboriginal is a person who is not aboriginal, nonabrasive is a substance that is not abrasive, nonabstract is not abstract
** Absence, the absence of the root (a quantity).
    nonaccountability is absence of accountability, nonacceleration is lack of acceleration, nonaction is the absence of action; failure to act
** Avoiding an action.
    nonabiding is the practice of avoiding mental constructs during daily life, nonacceptance is a neglect or refusal to accept, nonaccumulative is tending to avoid accumulation
** Neutral in quality.
    nonaccent is a spoken accent that is neutral and undistinctive; nonacrocentric is having the centromere near the middle, and thus having roughly equal-sized arms; nonaccent is an unaccented beat or syllable, as in music or poetry

##### Usage notes

* Non- may be attached to nouns (nonspace), adjectives (nonaggressive), adverbs (nonaggressively, nonstop), or—infrequently—even verbs (nontender).
* Non- may be joined to a word with a hyphen, standard in British usage as evidenced by OED's typically including only the hyphenated forms, but some OED entries are spelled without hyphen only. In American usage, non- is often joined without a hyphen. (For example, nonbaseball is relatively common, but noncricket, referring to a primarily British sport, is rare.) Some non- words rarely or never use a hyphen (such as nonentity). By contrast, un- is almost always spelled without a hyphen. GPO manual item 6.29. recommends to spell non- prefixed words without a hyphen unless an overriding consideration applies.
* For combinations with capitalized words such as proper nouns and some adjectives, hyphen is almost always used, e.g. non-Aristotelian or non-English. This matches GPO manual recommendation.
* Semantically, non- suggests objective quality and logical opposition (hence ungradable), whereas un- suggests subjective quality and polar/diametric opposition (often gradable).
* Meaning "not" in phrases taken from Latin and some other languages, non is a separate word and is not hyphenated: non compos mentis, persona non grata.
* As non- is a living and highly productive prefix, the list of words having the prefix non- is practically unlimited: Wiktionary currently has over 9000 such word forms. It is particularly common in the sciences.

##### Synonyms

* (not): a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, un-
* (absence): hypo-, pero-, ex-, or-, se-
* (avoiding): de-, isch-
* (neutral): anti-, neutro-

##### Derived terms

* nonabandoned
* nonabdominal
* nonabductive
* nonabelian
* non-Abelian
* nonaberrant
* nonabhorrent
* nonability
* nonabject
* nonablated
* nonablative
* non-able-bodied
* nonabnormal
* nonaboriginal
* nonaborigine
* nonaborted
* nonaborting
* nonabortive
* nonabradable
* nonabrasive
* nonabridgment
* nonabrupt
* nonabscessed
* nonabsence
* nonabsent
* nonabsolute
* nonabsolutist
* nonabsolvable
* nonabsorbable
* nonabsorbed
* non-absorbent
* nonabsorbent
* nonabsorbing
* nonabsorptive
* nonabstainer
* nonabstaining
* nonabstemious
* nonabstinent
* nonabstract
* nonabstracted
* nonabstractive
* non-abstruse
* nonabsurd
* nonabundant
* nonabusable
* nonabused
* nonabuser
* nonabusive
* nonabutting
* non-academic
* nonacademic
* non-academic
* nonacademic
* nonacceding
* nonaccelerated
* nonaccelerating
* nonaccented
* nonaccentual
* nonacceptability
* nonacceptable
* nonacceptant
* nonacceptation
* nonaccepted
* nonaccepter
* nonaccepting
* nonaccessible
* nonaccessory
* nonaccident
* nonaccidental
* nonacclimated
* nonacclimating
* nonaccommodating
* nonaccommodative
* nonaccompanied
* nonaccompanying
* nonaccomplishable
* nonaccomplished
* nonaccomplishment
* nonaccountable
* nonaccountant
* nonaccounting
* nonaccreditable
* nonaccredited
* nonaccretional
* nonaccretive
* nonaccruable
* nonaccrual
* nonacculturated
* nonacculturative
* nonaccumulating
* nonaccumulation
* nonaccumulative
* nonaccurate
* nonaccursed
* nonaccusative
* nonaccusatory
* nonaccustomed
* nonacerbic
* nonacetabular
* nonacetate
* nonacetic
* nonacetogenic
* nonacetylated
* nonachievable
* nonachieved
* nonachievement
* nonachiever
* nonaching
* nonachromatic
* nonacicular
* nonacid
* nonacidemic
* nonacidic
* nonacidified
* nonacidogenic
* nonacidophile
* nonacidophilic
* nonacidotic
* nonacid-proof
* nonacidulous
* nonacknowledged
* nonacknowledging
* nonacnegenic
* nonacneiform
* nonacoptic
* nonacoustic
* nonacoustical
* nonacquaintance
* nonacquainted
* nonacquiescent
* nonacquiescing
* nonacquirable
* nonacquired
* nonacquisitional
* nonacquisitive
* nonacquisitiveness
* nonacral
* nonacrid
* nonacrimonious
* nonacrobatic
* nonacronymous
* nonacrophobic
* nonacrophonic
* nonacrosomal
* nonacrostic
* nonacrylic
* nonact
* nonactable
* nonacting
* nonactinic
* nonactinide
* nonactionable
* nonactivatable
* nonactivated
* nonactivating
* nonactivational
* nonactivatory
* nonactive
* nonactively
* nonactivist
* nonactivistic
* nonactor
* nonactorish
* nonactorly
* nonactual
* nonactuality
* nonactualizable
* nonactualized
* nonactuarial
* nonactuatable
* nonaculeate
* nonabandonment
* nonabdication
* nonability
* nonabolition
* nonabsentative
* nonabsolution
* nonabsolutism
* nonabsorption
* nonabstention
* nonacceleration
* nonaccess
* nonaccession
* nonaccommodation
* nonaccompaniment
* nonaccountability
* nonaccreditation
* nonaccretion
* nonaccrued
* nonacetylation
* nonacidity
* nonacknowledgment
* nonacquaintance
* nonacquiescence
* nonacquisition
* nonacquittal
* nonaction
* nonactivation
* nonactivism
* nonactivity
* nonabiding
* nonacceptance
* nonaccumulative
* nonaccent
* nonacrocentric

##### Related terms

* an-
* anti-
* in-
* no
* non
* none
* not
* un-

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Latin nona (“nine”).

#### Prefix

non-
* prevocalic form of nona-

##### Derived terms

* nonad
* nonet
* nonuplet

### References

* 1 2 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

### Further reading

* “non-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “non-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnʌn/, /ˈnʌnˀ/, /nʌnˈ/

### Prefix

non-
* non-

#### Derived terms
### References

* “non-” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noːn/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French non-.

#### Prefix

non-
* non- (not)
    Synonym: niet-

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

non-
* (organic chemistry) non-

##### Derived terms
### See also

* Category:nl:Hydrocarbon chain prefixes

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /non/

### Prefix

non-
* (organic chemistry) non-

#### Derived terms
### See also

* Category:de:Hydrocarbon chain prefixes

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English non-, from Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”), from Old English nān (“no, not any”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɔn]
* Hyphenation: non

### Prefix

non-
* non-: Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “non-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.