# 脾

| 脾 | U+813E, &#33086; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-813E |
| ← 脽 [U+813D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 脿 → [U+813F] |
| 脾 | U+2F985, &#194949; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F985 |
| ← 䐋 [U+2F984] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 媵 → [U+2F986] |

## Translingual
### Han character

脾 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月竹田十 (BHWJ), four-corner 7624$_0$, composition ⿰⺼卑)

#### Derived characters

* 𭋐, 𪷗, 𮑎, 簲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 985, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29579
* Dae Jaweon: page 1438, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 3
* Unihan data for U+813E
* Unihan data for U+2F985

## Chinese

* 脾 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Spleen (Chinese medicine) (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 捭 | *preːʔ |
| 牌 | *breː, *breː |
| 郫 | *breː, *bre, *be |
| 蠯 | *breː, *be, *breːŋʔ |
| 猈 | *breːʔ, *breː |
| 稗 | *breːs |
| 粺 | *breːs |
| 𥱼 | *breː |
| 豍 | *peː |
| 箄 | *peː, *pe, *peʔ |
| 錍 | *pʰeː, *pe |
| 睥 | *pʰeːs |
| 渒 | *pʰeːs, *pe |
| 鼙 | *beː |
| 鞞 | *beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ |
| 椑 | *beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ |
| 崥 | *beː, *peʔ |
| 髀 | *beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ |
| 卑 | *pe |
| 鵯 | *pe, *pʰiɡ |
| 裨 | *pe, *be |
| 痺 | *pe |
| 碑 | *pre |
| 婢 | *peʔ, *beʔ |
| 諀 | *pʰeʔ |
| 脾 | *be |
| 埤 | *be |
| 陴 | *be |
| 蜱 | *be, *mbew |
| 焷 | *be |
| 螷 | *be, *breːŋʔ |
| 庳 | *beʔ |
| 琕 | *biːŋ |
| 萆 | *beɡ, *slɯʔ |
| 綼 | *biɡ, *peːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *be): semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pí (pi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pei$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pì / phì
* Eastern Min (BUC): bì
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pî / phî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^5$ / pi$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pí
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pí
*** Wade–Giles: pʻi$^2$
*** Yale: pí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
*** Palladius: пи (pi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pei$^4$
*** Yale: pèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: péi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰei̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pì / phì
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˇ$ / pi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^2$ / pi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹/, /pʰi¹¹/
* pì - organ;
* phì - “temperament”.
* Middle Chinese: bjie
Rime :
| Character | 脾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符支切 |
| Baxter | bjie |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /bie/ |
| Wang Li | /bǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p]e/
    (Zhengzhang): /*be/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 脾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjie › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-[p]e/ |
| English | spleen |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 脾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 385 |
| Phonetic component | 卑 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陴 |
| Old Chinese | /*be/ |

#### Definitions

脾
* (～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas
* (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen, milt
* (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament
* (Hokkien) appetite (desire for food or drink)
    開脾／开脾 [Hokkien] ― khai-pî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to whet the appetite

#### Compounds

* 不傷脾胃 / 不伤脾胃
* 使脾氣 / 使脾气
* 古怪脾氣 / 古怪脾气
* 噪脾
* 大發脾氣 / 大发脾气 (dàfā píqì)
* 巢脾
* 巨脾症
* 心脾
* 感人心脾
* 投脾胃
* 暴脾氣 / 暴脾气
* 沁人心脾 (qìnrénxīnpí)
* 沁入心脾
* 沒脾氣 / 没脾气 (méi píqi)
* 灰脾氣 / 灰脾气
* 燥脾
* 牛脾氣 / 牛脾气 (niúpíqi)
* 犯脾氣 / 犯脾气 (fàn píqi)
* 痛入心脾
* 痛澈心脾
* 發脾寒 / 发脾寒
* 發脾氣 / 发脾气 (fā píqi)
* 硬脾氣 / 硬脾气
* 耍脾氣 / 耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
* 肝脾
* 脾味
* 脾和
* 脾土 (pî-thó͘) (Min Nan)
* 脾寒
* 脾性 (píxìng)
* 脾憋
* 脾氣 / 脾气
* 脾氣情性 / 脾气情性
* 脾火
* 脾癉 / 脾瘅
* 脾胃 (píwèi)
* 脾腫 / 脾肿
* 脾臟 / 脾脏 (pízàng)
* 脾虛 / 脾虚
* 脾鱉 / 脾鳖
* 軟調脾 / 软调脾
* 醒脾
* 長脾氣 / 长脾气
* 鬧脾氣 / 闹脾气 (nào píqi)

#### References

* “脾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 脾 – see 髀 (“thigh; thighbone”). (This character is a variant form of 髀).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: び (bi)
* Kan-on: ひ (hi)
* Kun: ひぞう (hizō, 脾)、もも (momo, 脾)、とまる (tomaru)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jo̞ko̞ɕi]

### Noun

脾(よこし) • (yokoshi)
* (anatomy) spleen
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 35:脾 白虎通云 脾 俾移反 與古之 [...] 土之精也 色黄 [...] 土藏也 [...](please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脾 (MC bjie). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 脾 (eumhun 지라 비 (jira bi))
* hanja form of 비 (“spleen”)

#### Compounds

* 비위 (脾胃, biwi)
* 비장 (脾臟, bijang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

脾: Hán Nôm readings: tì, tỳ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.