# sad
## Translingual
### Symbol

sad
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sandawe.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Sandawe terms

## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary”), from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”). Cognate to Saterland Frisian sääd, West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German Low German satt, German satt.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sæd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æd

#### Adjective

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)
* (heading) Emotionally negative.
** Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
    Synonyms: depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy; see also Thesaurus:sad
    Antonyms: cheerful, gleeful, happy, upbeat; see also Thesaurus:happy
    She gets sad when he's away.
*** c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 2:Firſt were we ſad, fearing you would not come, / Now ſadder that you come ſo vnprouided: […]
*** 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 18:[…] Th’ Angelic Guards aſcended, mute and ſad […]
** Appearing sorrowful.
    The puppy had a sad little face.
*** 2010 February, Eric Rentschler, Itoh's Ghost‎, iUniverse, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 54:We need a sad man. Give us a sad man.” Tomo gave the look of a sad man, then followed with the body of a sad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin. […]
** Causing sorrow; lamentable.
    Synonyms: deplorable, saddening; see also Thesaurus:lamentable
    It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.
*** 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse:The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.
*** 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.
** Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
    Synonyms: pitiful, sorry; see also Thesaurus:low-quality
    Antonym: decent
    That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.
*** 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto II, stanza CXXVII, page 182:Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please […].
** Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dim, Thesaurus:dark colour
*** 1650, Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 2nd book, page 69:[…] this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of a ſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.
*** 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson:sad-coloured clothes
*** 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.
* (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
* (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
** 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:The fearefull newes that whilſt the flame doth but begin, Sad pollicie may ſerue to quench the fire: […]
* (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
    Synonyms: staid, stern; see also Thesaurus:serious
** 1509, Sebastian Brant, translated by Alexander Barclay, The Ship of Fools,:Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion. Were founde for youthe by sad and wyse counsayle
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 348:Vproſe Sir Guyon, in bright armour clad, / And to his purpoſd iourney him prepar'd: / With him the Palmer eke in habit ſad, / Him ſelfe addreſt to that aduenture hard: […]
* (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
    Synonyms: mischievous, roguish, vexatious
** 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was a sad coquette.
** 1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy […], →OCLC, section IX, page 227:In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.
* (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.
    I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!
* (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
* (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
    sad bread
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 30, page 299:[…] his hand, more ſad then lomp of lead, […]
** 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.

##### Synonyms

* (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
* (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching

##### Derived terms

* get a sad on
* make someone's ears sad
* pack a sad
* sad ass
* sad beige
* sadboi
* sad bread
* sad case
* sad-com
* sadder
* saddest
* sad-eyed
* sad-faced
* sadfishing
* sadness
* sad number
* sad panda
* sad sack
* sad to say
* sad tree
* sad trombone
* unsad

##### Related terms

* sadden

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

##### Further reading

* “sad”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “sad”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

#### Verb

sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)
* (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
** 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia
    My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sad (plural sads)
* Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”)

### Etymology 3

From Donald Trump's frequent usage of the word sad (“shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor”) as an interjection in his tweets; a Trumpism.

#### Interjection

sad
* (Internet slang, sometimes humorous) Expressing contempt, ridicule or disgust; bah!

### Anagrams

* ADS, Ads, das, ASD, DAS, ADs, ad.'s, ads., DSA, AdS, SDA, ads, DAs, DA's

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

### Noun

sad (definite accusative sadı, plural sadlar)
* the Arabic letter ص

#### Further reading

* “sad” in Obastan.com.

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: sad

### Adverb

sad
* (focus) also; too
* (after a negative) either

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsat]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech sad, from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

#### Noun

sad m inan (diminutive sádek)
* orchard

##### Derived terms

* sadový
* sadař
* sadík
* sádeček

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

sad
* genitive plural of sada

### Further reading

* “sad”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sad”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sad”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Verb

sad
* past of sidde

## Gothic
### Romanization

sad
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* (Courland) sa'd

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sato.

### Noun

sad
* precipitation (hail, rain, snow)

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sat]

### Noun

sad m inan
* fruit (food)

#### Declension
## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

#### Alternative forms

* saad, sadd, zed
* sæd, sead, sed (Early Middle English)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sad/, /saːd/

#### Adjective

sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)
* sated, weary (having had enough) [from 9th c.]
* firm, solid, hard: [from 14th c.]
** steady, enduring
** intense, powerful, severe
** secure (inspiring trust)
** dense, thick, tightly-packed
* considered, thoughtful, serious [from 14th c.]
** 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerke of Oxenfordes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xlix, verso, column 2, line 4:[…] ſadde and rype corage […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
* sad (inspiring or having sorrow) [from 14th c.]
* authentic, true, genuine [from 15th c.]
* (of colors) dark, deep [from 15th c.]

##### Related terms

* saden
* sadnesse
* sadly

##### Descendants

* English: sad
* Scots: sad

#### Adverb

sad (comparative saddere)
* firmly, solidly, steadily
* strongly, intensely
* seriously, consideredly
* sadly (in a sorrowful way)

##### Descendants

* English: sad (dialectal)
* Scots: sad

#### References

* “sā̆d, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sad
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of seed (“seed”)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

sad
* Alternative form of saden

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

### Adjective

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)
* full, sated, satiated
* weary

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German sat

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsat/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -at
* Syllabification: sad

### Noun

sad m inan (diminutive sadek, related adjective sadowy)
* (agriculture, horticulture) orchard (land for cultivation of fruit or nut trees)

#### Derived terms

* sadownik

#### Related terms

* sadowniczy
* sadownictwo

#### Related terms

* sadzić impf

### Further reading

* sad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ).

### Noun

sad n (plural saduri)
* (dated) orchard

#### Declension
## Scots
### Etymology

From Old English sæd.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑd/

### Adjective

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)
* grave, serious
* strange, remarkable
* sad

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda.

#### Alternative forms

* sȁda

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sâd/

#### Adverb

sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)
* now
* currently
* presently

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ. Compare Russian сад (sad).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sâːd/

#### Noun

sȃd m (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)
* plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
* a seeding or sapling from a plant nursery

##### Declension
### References

* “sad”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “sad”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sat]

### Noun

sad m inan (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)
* garden, orchard, plantation

#### Derived terms

* sadovnícky
* sadový
* sadík
* sadovníctvo
* sadovník

### Further reading

* “sad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Alternative forms

* ſad (Bohorič alphabet)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sȃdъ (“plant, garden”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sādas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sáːt/
* Rhymes: -aːt
* Hyphenation: sad
* Homophone: sat

### Noun

sȃd m inan
* (archaic or literary) fruit
    Synonyms: sadež, plod
* (literary) result, outcome
    Synonyms: rezultat, izraz, odraz, pridobitev, otrok, output, posledica, produkt, plod
* (obsolete) child, young direct offspring
    Synonyms: otrok, dete, froc, malček, otroček, otročič, otročiček, otrokec, pamž, pestovanček, pestovanec, spestovanec
    Antonyms: starš, roditelj, rodnik, starši
    Zdrava, Marija, milosti polna, Gospod je s Teboj, blagoslovljena si med ženami in blagoslovljen je sad Tvojega telesa Jezus. ― Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
* (literary, rare) consequence
    Synonyms: posledica, nasledek, nastopek, posledek, plod

#### Usage notes

Unlike plod, sad is used more when the edibility is stressed, rather than the seeds it contains.

#### Derived terms

* drevo se po sadu spozna
* pasti kot zrel sad
* prepovedan sad
* prepovedani sad je najslajši
* roditi sad
* roditi sadove
* sad kogaršnje ljubezni
* sad kogaršnjega dela
* sad kogaršnjega telesa
* uživati sadove svojega dela
* žeti sadove svojega dela

### See also

* seme
* klas

### Further reading

* “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “sad”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Tat
### Etymology

Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

### Numeral

sad
* hundred

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صاد (sâd), from Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

### Noun

sad
* Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ص

#### Alternative forms

* sat

## Wakhi
### Etymology

Compare Tajik сад (sad).

### Numeral

sad
* hundred