# 忠

| 忠 | U+5FE0, &#24544; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FE0 |
| ← 忟 [U+5FDF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忡 → [U+5FE1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中心 (LP), four-corner 5033$_6$, composition ⿱中心)

#### Derived characters

* 𠊞, 㥙, 𣷡, 𦜦, 䛱, 𨨩, 𩗻, 𢘑, 𢘗, 𡲦, 𫁑, 𨵖, 𬅇, 贒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10353
* Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2273, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5FE0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忠 :
| Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 中 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忠 | *tuŋ |
| 衷 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忡 | *tʰuŋ |
| 浺 | *tʰuŋ |
| 盅 | *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 种 | *duŋ |
| 沖 | *duŋ |
| 翀 | *duŋ |
| 仲 | *duŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuŋ): phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chûng
    (Hailu, HRS): zhung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tson
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
*** Tâi-lô: tiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tson
*** MiniDict: tson$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tson
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: trjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 忠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟弓切 |
| Baxter | trjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*truŋ/ |
| English | loyal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17408 |
| Phonetic component | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 中 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuŋ/ |

### Definitions

忠
* loyal; devoted; faithful
* loyalty; devotion; fidelity

### Compounds

* 一門忠烈 / 一门忠烈
* 不忠 (bùzhōng)
* 公忠 (gōngzhōng)
* 公忠體國 / 公忠体国
* 報國盡忠 / 报国尽忠
* 大奸似忠
* 大姦似忠 / 大奸似忠
* 大忠 (Dàzhōng)
* 孤忠
* 宅心忠厚
* 小忠小信
* 忠信 (zhōngxìn)
* 忠勇
* 忠厚 (zhōnghòu)
* 忠厚老實 / 忠厚老实
* 忠告
* 忠君報國 / 忠君报国
* 忠君愛國 / 忠君爱国 (zhōngjūn'àiguó)
* 忠孝 (zhōngxiào)
* 忠孝兩全 / 忠孝两全 (zhōngxiàoliǎngquán)
* 忠孝節烈 / 忠孝节烈
* 忠孝節義 / 忠孝节义
* 忠孝賢良 / 忠孝贤良
* 忠孝雙全 / 忠孝双全
* 忠實 / 忠实 (zhōngshí)
* 忠寮 (Zhōngliáo)
* 忠山 (Zhōngshān)
* 忠心 (zhōngxīn)
* 忠心耿耿 (zhōngxīngěnggěng)
* 忠心貫日 / 忠心贯日
* 忠心赤膽 / 忠心赤胆
* 忠忱 (zhōngchén)
* 忠恕 (zhōngshù)
* 忠悃
* 忠愨 / 忠悫
* 忠敬
* 忠於職守 / 忠于职守
* 忠果
* 忠款
* 忠正
* 忠烈 (zhōngliè)
* 忠直 (zhōngzhí)
* 忠節 / 忠节 (zhōngjié)
* 忠經 / 忠经
* 忠義 / 忠义 (zhōngyì)
* 忠義雙全 / 忠义双全
* 忠肝義膽 / 忠肝义胆 (zhōnggānyìdǎn)
* 忠臣 (zhōngchén)
* 忠臣孝子
* 忠臣烈士
* 忠臣義士 / 忠臣义士
* 忠良 (zhōngliáng)
* 忠藎 / 忠荩
* 忠言 (zhōngyán)
* 忠言嘉謨 / 忠言嘉谟
* 忠言奇謀 / 忠言奇谋
* 忠言讜論 / 忠言谠论
* 忠言逆耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr)
* 忠誠 / 忠诚 (zhōngchéng)
* 忠諫 / 忠谏
* 忠貞 / 忠贞 (zhōngzhēn)
* 忠貞不渝 / 忠贞不渝 (zhōngzhēnbùyú)
* 忠貫白日 / 忠贯白日
* 忠賢 / 忠贤
* 忠路 (Zhōnglù, “Zhonglu”)
* 忠順 / 忠顺 (zhōngshùn)
* 忠魂
* 忠鯁 / 忠鲠
* 忠黨愛國 / 忠党爱国 (zhōngdǎng'àiguó)
* 愚忠 (yúzhōng)
* 攄忠報國 / 摅忠报国
* 效忠 (xiàozhōng)
* 朴忠
* 死忠 (sǐzhōng)
* 爛忠厚 / 烂忠厚
* 盡忠 / 尽忠 (jìnzhōng)
* 盡忠報國 / 尽忠报国
* 盡忠竭力 / 尽忠竭力
* 盡忠職守 / 尽忠职守 (jìnzhōngzhíshǒu)
* 移孝作忠
* 移孝為忠 / 移孝为忠
* 竭智盡忠 / 竭智尽忠
* 精忠 (Jīngzhōng)
* 精忠報國 / 精忠报国
* 精忠旗
* 精忠柏
* 至忠
* 褒忠鄉 / 褒忠乡
* 赤心忠膽 / 赤心忠胆
* 赤膽忠心 / 赤胆忠心 (chìdǎnzhōngxīn)
* 赤膽忠肝 / 赤胆忠肝
* 逆耳忠言
* 顯忠廟 / 显忠庙 (Xiǎnzhōngmiào)

### References

* “忠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* loyalty

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)
* Kun: まごころ (magokoro, 忠)
* Nanori: たた (tata, 忠)、ただ (tada, 忠)、ただし (tadashi, 忠)、なお (nao, 忠)、きよし (kiyoshi, 忠)

#### Compounds

* 忠(ちゅう)実(じつ) (chūjitsu)
* 忠(ちゅう)臣(しん) (chūshin)
* 忠(ちゅう)誠(せい) (chūsei)
* 忠(ちゅう)告(こく) (chūkoku)
* 忠(ちゅう)義(ぎ) (chūgi)
* 忠(ちゅう)恕(じょ) (chūjo)
* 忠(ちゅう)僕(ぼく) (chūboku)
* 忠(ちゅう)勇(ゆう) (chūyū)

### Proper noun

忠(ただし) or 忠(たゞし) • (Tadashi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

忠 (eum 충 (chung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忠: Hán Nôm readings: trung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.