# gastar
## Catalan
### Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastí, past participle gastat)
* to spend, consume
    Synonyms: despendre, consumir

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “gastar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “gastar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “gastar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “gastar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology 1

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese gastar, from Latin vastāre under the influence of the descendants of Frankish *wōstī (“waste”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡasˈtaɾ/

#### Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastei, past participle gastado)
* (transitive) to spend
** 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:os quales diñeiros gastei en desenbargar os bees e terras que meu señor padre enpeñou a payo gomez de soutomayor vasallo do Rey e señor que foi da casa forte de lantaño para a costa que tebo ennas sahidas que fiso con os demais fidalgos da terra en compañia do señor arçobispo e perlado de santiago don lope de mendozasaid money I spent in redeeming the assets and lands that my father pawned to Paio Gómez de Soutomaior, vassal of the King and late lord of the stronghold of Lataño, for the expenses he had in the expeditions that he did together with the other noblemen of the country, in the company of the lord archbishop and prelate of Santiago Don Lope de Mendoza
* (transitive) to expend
** 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 410:Pero sua entẽçõ he que nós que comamos et guastemos tódaslas cousas do basteçemento que tẽemos et perlo que deuemos gorir: pan et vjño et carne et fariña et outras cousasBut his intentions is that we eat and expend everything of the supply we have and which must serve to our sustainment: bread and wine and meat and flour and other things
* (transitive) to wear, wear out (deteriorate by using)
* (transitive) to consume, use up (energy, water etc.)
* (transitive) to use
* (pronominal) to wear out (deteriorate by using)

##### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kastô (“box”); compare the derived form engastar.

#### Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastei, past participle gastado)
* (archaic) to carve
** 1434, Anselmo López Carreira (ed.), Libro de Notas de Álvaro Afonso (1434), Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, d. 169:
    que collades et diedes colleytas enno monte das Trees çen varas de pedras de duellas, as quaes avedes de dar gastadas et que aja en cada vara de pedra quatro palmos de longo medidos por el vendre ventre dela duella[During the construction of the bridge of Ourense] you should pick and give a hundred yards of stone staves, which you should deliver carved; each yard of stone must measure four handspans, as measured by the belly of the stave

##### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gastar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “gastar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gastar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “gastar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gastar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “gastar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gastar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Cf. Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “engastar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese gastar, from Latin vastāre, with the initial consonant influenced by the descendants of Frankish *wōstī (“waste”) (expected /ɡw/ reduced to /w/ in unstressed initial position). Cognate of Spanish gastar, Italian guastare (“to spoil”). Doublet of vastar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡasˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡasˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡasˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡasˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ɡasˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ɡaʃˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡaʃˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ɡasˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɐʃˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɐʃˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɡɐʃˈta.ɾi/

### Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastei, past participle gastado, short past participle gasto)
* to spend
* to expend
* to waste

#### Usage notes

Usage of the long participle form gastado is sometimes considered dated.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar. $^2$Usually used with auxiliary verbs haver and ter. $^3$Brazilian Portuguese. $^4$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Likely inherited from Latin vastāre, with the initial consonant influenced by Frankish *wōstijan and with the resulting /ɡw/ reducing to /w/ in unstressed initial position, as also in galardón.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡasˈtaɾ/ [ɡasˈt̪aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: gas‧tar

### Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gasté, past participle gastado)
* (transitive, reflexive) to spend (money, time, resources)
* (transitive, reflexive) to wear, wear out (deteriorate by using)
    Synonym: desgastar
* (transitive) to use up, to expend, to consume (energy, water etc.)
* (transitive) to play (jokes)
* (transitive) to have or wear
    Synonyms: llevar, tener
* (transitive) to waste (e.g. gas, money, energy, one's breath)
    Synonym: malgastar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* desgastar
* gastable
* gastado
* gastador
* gastamiento
* gastar la pólvora en salvas
* gastárselas
* gasto
* malgastar
* regastar
* sobregastar

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “gastar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 121

### Further reading

* “gastar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Noun

gastar
* indefinite plural of gast

### Verb

gastar
* present indicative of gasta

### Anagrams

* argast