# need
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: nēd, IPA: /niːd/, [nɪi̯d]
* (General American) IPA: /nid/
* (Canada) IPA: [niːd]
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Homophones: knead, kneed
* Rhymes: -iːd

### Etymology 1

From Middle English need, nede, a merger of two terms:
* Old English nīed (West Saxon), nēd (Mercian), nēad (“necessity, compulsion, want”), from Proto-West Germanic *naudi, from Proto-Germanic *naudiz, from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“death”).
* Old English nēod (“desire, longing”), from Proto-West Germanic *neud, from Proto-Germanic *neudaz (“wish, urge, desire, longing”), from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to incline, tend, move, push, nod, wave”).

#### Noun

need (countable and uncountable, plural needs)
* (countable and uncountable) A requirement for something; something needed.
    There's no need to speculate; we can easily find out for sure.
    She grew irritated with his constant need for attention.
    Our needs are not being met.
    I've always tried to have few needs beyond food, clothing and shelter.
** 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:Being so great, I have no need to beg.
** 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy.
** 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. […] But out of sight is out of mind. And that, together with the inherent yuckiness of the subject, means that many old sewers have been neglected and are in dire need of repair.
* Lack of means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.
** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes.

##### Derived terms

* a friend in need is a friend indeed
* basic needs
* call-by-need
* hour of need
* if need be
* if needs be
* in dire need of
* in need
* need-based
* need-blind
* needcessity
* need-fire
* needful
* needfully
* needfulness
* needily
* neediness
* needless
* needlessly
* needlessness
* need more time in the oven
* need-not
* need one's eyes checked
* needs-blind
* needworthy
* needy
* pass-by-need
* special needs
* time the deed to the need

##### Collocations

* urgent, dire, desperate, strong, unmet, bad, basic, critical, essential, big, terrible, modest, elementary, daily, everyday, special, educational, environmental, human, personal, financial, emotional, medical, nutritional, spiritual, public, developmental, organizational, legal, fundamental, audio-visual, psychological, corporate, societal, psychosocial, functional, additional, caloric, private, monetary, physiological, mental

##### Translations

Afrikaans: need sg
Albanian: nevojë (sq) f
Arabic: حَاجَة f (ḥāja), ضَرُورَة f (ḍarūra), اِحْتِيَاج m (iḥtiyāj)
Armenian: կարիք (hy) (karikʻ), անհրաժեշտություն (hy) (anhražeštutʻyun)
Azerbaijani: ehtiyac (az), zərurət
Bashkir: ихтыяж (ixtıyaj), кәрәклек (kərəklek)
Basque: behar
Belarusian: патрэ́ба f (patréba), ну́жа f (núža)
Bengali: দরকার (bn) (dôrkar), প্রয়োজন (bn) (proẏōjon)
Bikol Central: kaipohan (bcl)
Bulgarian: ну́жда (bg) f (núžda), потре́бност (bg) f (potrébnost), необходи́мост (bg) f (neobhodímost)
Catalan: necessitat (ca) f
Cebuano: kinahanglan
Chinese:
Mandarin: 需求 (zh) (xūqiú)
Czech: potřeba (cs) f
Danish: behov (da) n
Dutch: behoefte (nl) f
Egyptian: (ḏꜣr m)
Esperanto: bezono
Faroese: tørvur m, tarvur m, trongd f
Finnish: tarve (fi), syy (fi) (especially in "no need to")
French: besoin (fr) m, nécessité (fr) f
Friulian: bisugne f, necessitât
Galician: necesidade (gl) f
German: Notwendigkeit (de) f, Bedarf (de) m, Bedürfnis (de) n
Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 f (þarba), 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 f (nauþs)
Greek:
Ancient: χρεία f (khreía)
Haitian Creole: bezwen
Hebrew: צורך \ צֹרֶךְ (he) m (tsórekh)
Hiligaynon: kinahanglan, kilinahanglanon
Hindi: आवश्यकता f (āvaśyaktā), ज़रूरत f (zarūrat)
Hungarian: szükség (hu)
Icelandic: þörf f
Ido: bezono (io)
Ilocano: kasapulan
Interlingua: necessitate (ia), besonio (ia)
Irish: gá m, riachtanas m
Istriot: bazuogno m
Italian: bisogno (it) m, necessità (it) f, requisito (it) m, esigenza (it) f
Japanese: 必要 (ja) (ひつよう, hitsuyō)
Kannada: ಆವಶ್ಯಕ್ತೇ (kn) (āvaśyaktē)
Korean: 필요 (ko) (piryo)
Latin: necessitudo f, necessitas f, opus (la) n
Latvian: vajadzība f
Ligurian: bezéugno
Lombard: bisogn (lmo)
Macedonian: потреба f (potreba), нужда f (nužda), зорт m (zort)
Magahi: 𑂏𑂩𑂔 (garaj), 𑂔𑂩𑂳𑂃𑂞 (jaruat)
Malay: keperluan (ms)
Malayalam: ആവശ്യം (ml) (āvaśyaṁ), വേണം (ml) (vēṇaṁ)
Maltese: bżonn (mt) m
Marathi: आवश्यकता (mr) f (āvaśyaktā), गरज (mr) f (garaj)
Ngazidja Comorian: hadja class 9/10
Norman: bésouogn m (Guernsey)
Occitan: besonh (oc)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: ноужда f (nužda)
Old East Slavic: нужа f (nuža)
Old English: þarf
Old French: besoing m
Old Saxon: tharf
Pangasinan: kaokulan
Persian: نیاز (fa) (niyâz), ضرورت (fa) (zarurat), احتیاج (fa) (ehteyâj)
Plautdietsch: Muss m, Bederfniss n
Polish: potrzeba (pl) f
Portuguese: necessidade (pt) f
Romanian: necesitate (ro) f, cerință (ro) f, nevoie (ro)
Romansch: basegn m
Russian: нужда́ (ru) f (nuždá), потре́бность (ru) f (potrébnostʹ), необходи́мость (ru) f (neobxodímostʹ), потре́ба (ru) f (potréba) (colloquial)
Scottish Gaelic: feum m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: потреба f, нужда f
Roman: potreba (sh) f, nužda (sh) f
Sicilian: bisognu (scn) m
Slovak: potreba f
Spanish: necesidad (es) f, necesidades (es) f pl
Swahili: uhitaji, haja (sw)
Swedish: behov (sv) n
Tagalog: pangangailangan (tl), kailangan
Tajik: ниёз (niyoz), зарурат (zarurat), талабот (talabot)
Tamil: தேவை (ta) (tēvai)
Telugu: అవసరము (te) (avasaramu)
Turkish: gereksinim (tr), ihtiyaç (tr), eksik (tr), gereklilik (tr)
Ukrainian: нужда́ f (nuždá), потре́ба (uk) f (potréba), необхі́дність f (neobxídnistʹ), ну́жа f (núža)
Urdu: ضرورت f (zarūrat)
Uyghur: ئېھتىياج (ëhtiyaj), لازىملىق (lazimliq), كېرەكلىك (këreklik), زۆرۈرىيەت (zörüriyet), ھاجەت (hajet)
Uzbek: ehtiyoj (uz), lozimlik (uz)
Venetan: bixogno m
Vietnamese: nhu cầu (vi)
Waray-Waray: kinahanglan, kasuko
Yiddish: באַדאַרף m (badarf) :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* in need

### Etymology 2

From Middle English neden, from Old English nēodian.

#### Verb

need (third-person singular simple present needs, present participle needing, simple past and past participle needed)
* (transitive) To have an absolute requirement for.
    Living things need water to survive.
    You do not always need to go to the library to study. You may use the Internet.
** 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:Scotland needed a victory by eight points to have a realistic chance of progressing to the knock-out stages, and for long periods of a ferocious contest looked as if they might pull it off.
* (transitive) To want strongly; to feel that one must have something.
    After ten days of hiking, I needed a shower and a shave.
** 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.
* (modal, chiefly in the negative) To be obliged or required (to do something).
    You need not go if you don't want to.
* (intransitive) To be required; to be necessary.
** 1694, [John Locke], chapter 21, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Thomas Dring, […]; and Samuel Manship, […], →OCLC, book II, page 143:When we have done it, we have done our duty, and all that is in our power, and indeed all that needs.
** 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around.
* (obsolete, transitive) To be necessary (to someone).
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:More ample spirit, then hitherto was wount, / Here needes me […]

##### Usage notes

* The verb need is construed in a few different ways:
** With a direct object, as in “I need your help.”
** With a to-infinitive, as in “I need to go.” Here, the subject of need serves implicitly as the subject of the infinitive.
** With a clause of the form “for [object] to [verb phrase]”, or simply “[object] to [verb phrase]” as in “I need for this to happen” or “I need this to happen.” In both variants, the object serves as the subject of the infinitive.
** As a modal verb, with a bare infinitive; in negative polarity contexts, such as questions (“Need I say more?” “Need you have paid so much?”), with negative expressions such as not (“It need not happen today”; “No one need ever know”), and with similar constructions (“There need only be one”; “it need be signed only by the president”; “I need hardly explain it”). Need in this use does not have inflected forms, aside from the contraction needn’t.
** With a gerund-participle, as in “The car needs washing”, or (in certain American dialects) with a past participle, as in “The car needs washed” (both meaning roughly “The car needs to be washed”).
** With a direct object and a predicative complement, as in “We need everyone here on time” (meaning roughly “We need everyone to be here on time”) or “I need it gone” (meaning roughly “I need it to be gone”).
** In certain dialects, and colloquially in certain others, with an unmarked reflexive pronoun, as in “I need me a car.”
* A sentence such as “I need you to sit down” or “you need to sit down” is more polite than the bare command “sit down”, but less polite than “please sit down”. It is considered somewhat condescending and infantilizing, hence dubbed by some “the kindergarten imperative”, but is quite common in American usage.

##### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete.

##### Synonyms

* (desire): desire, wish for, would like, want, will (archaic)
* (lack): be without, lack
* (require): be in need of, require

##### Derived terms

* a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle
* baby needs new shoes
* citation needed
* do you need help
* do you need to use the bathroom
* every king needs a queen
* feeling
* good wine needs no bush
* I need ...
* I need a guide
* I need to vomit
* last thing one needs
* like one needs a hole in the head
* needed, unneeded
* need I say more
* need no introduction
* need not
* need one's bumps
* need one's bumps felt
* need one's head examined
* need to
* need-to-know
* need yesterday
* never ask the barber if you need a haircut
* on a need-to-know basis
* with friends like these who needs enemies
* with friends like those who needs enemies
* you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* ↑ "Needs washed" by Zach Maher and Jim Wood, Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America, 2011
* ↑ “You Need To Read This: How need to vanquished have to, must, and should.” by Ben Yagoda, Slate, July 17, 2006

### Further reading

* “need”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “need”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “need”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Dene, Dené, Eden, Ende, deen, dene, eden, ende

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nek (“those”, medial). The nominative form has been extended with the regular nominative plural ending (-d). Compare dialectal Finnish net (“they”, chiefly inanimate).

### Pronoun

need (genitive nende, partitive neid)
* these, those

#### See also
## Votic
### Alternative forms

* nee, ne, ned

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nek (the nominative plural ending has been replaced with the standard ending -d), from Proto-Uralic *ne.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈneːd/, [ˈneːd̥]
* Rhymes: -eːd̥
* Hyphenation: need

### Pronoun

need
* (demonstrative) those

#### See also
## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian nēd, nād, from Proto-Germanic *naudiz.

### Noun

need c (plural neden)
* need

#### Derived terms

* needgefal
* needlot
* needsaak

#### Further reading

* “need”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011