# лук
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* łuk — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫ̑kъ. Cognate with Russian and Ukrainian лук (luk).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫuk]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uk
* Hyphenation: лук

### Noun

лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́кі, genitive plural лу́каў, relational adjective лу́чны)
* bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
** 1941 [1865], Mayne Reid, translated by Уладзімір Ляўданскі, Коннік без галавы, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Headless Horseman, page 101:З таго часу як яна пераехала ў Техас, у яе не было яшчэ выпадку вярнуцца да гэтага занятку. Яе прыгожы лук з апельсінавага дрэва і стрэлы з пер'ямі ў хвасце ляжалі без справы ў шафе.Z tahó času jak jana pjerajexala ŭ Tjexas, u jaje nje byló jašče vypadku vjarnucca da hetaha zanjatku. Jaje pryhóžy luk z apjelʹsinavaha dreva i strely z pjerʺjami ŭ xvascje ljažali bjez spravy ŭ šafje.[original: Since her arrival at Casa del Corvo she had found no occasion to use the weapon of Diana; and her beautiful bow of Osage-orange wood, and quiver of plumed arrows, had lain neglected in the lumber-room.]Since her move to Texas, she had found no occasion to get back to this hobby. Her beautiful bow of orange tree wood and plumed arrows had lain neglected in a closet.

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “лук”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “лук” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫuk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

лук • (luk) m (relational adjective лу́чен or лу́ков, diminutive лу́кче or лу́чец)
* (collective, uncountable) onion (monocotyledonous flowering plant of genus Allium)
    глава́ лук ― glavá luk ― a bulb of onion
    пре́сен лук ― présen luk ― spring, fresh onion
    сгазвам лука (idiom)sgazvam lukato get in trouble(literally, “to trample over the onions”)

#### Hyponyms

* обикнове́н лук (obiknovén luk), кроми́д лук (kromíd luk), черве́н лук (červén luk, “common onion, Allium cepa”)
* див лук (div luk), мечи лук (meči luk, “ramson, Allium ursinum”)
* чесно́в лук (česnóv luk), бял лук (bjal luk, “garlic, Allium sativum”)
* праз лук (praz luk), зе́лен лук (zélen luk, “leek, Allium porum”)
* твърд лук (tvǎrd luk, “bunching onion, Allium fistulosum”)
* вла́шки лук (vláški luk), га́рвански лук (gárvanski luk, “chives, Allium schoenoprasum”)
* лива́дски лук (livádski luk), ко́нски лук (kónski luk, “star-of-Bethlehem, Ornithogalum”)

#### Derived terms

* лука́р m (lukár), лука́рка f (lukárka, “onion farmer/seller”)
* лука́ш (lukáš, “onion plantation”) (dialectal)
* лу́ковица (lúkovica, “bulb”) (botany)
* лу́ковина (lúkovina), лу́чина (lúčina, “onion chaff”) (dialectal)
* лучня́к (lučnják, “onion planter”) (instrumental noun)

### References

* “лук”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “лук”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov (1899) “лукъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 30
* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лук¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 496

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian лук (luk).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈluk/, [ˈɫuk]
* Hyphenation: лук

### Noun

лук • (luk)
* onion

#### Declension

Possessive declension of лук :
Possessive declension of лук :

### References

* Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 361

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫuk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

лук • (luk) m (diminutive лукче)
* garlic
    чешне лук ― češne luk ― a clove of garlic

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “лук” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
* “лук” in Официјален дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Oficijalen digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − makedonski.gov.mk (in Macedonian)
* лук in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫuk]
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: луг (lug)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *laukaz (compare German Lauch, English leek, Old Norse laukr whence Danish løg and Swedish lök). Cognates include Polabian lāuk, Bulgarian лук (luk) and Slovene and Serbo-Croatian luk.

#### Alternative forms

* лукъ (luk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

#### Noun

лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков, relational adjective лу́ковый)
* (usually uncountable, collectively) onion, onions
    зелёный лук ― zeljónyj luk ― scallion
    лук-поре́й ― luk-poréj ― leek

##### Derived terms

* го́ре лу́ковое (góre lúkovoje)
* лук голубо́й (luk golubój)
* лук окру́глый (luk okrúglyj)
* лук-бату́н (luk-batún)
* лук-поре́й (luk-poréj)
* лук-ре́занец (luk-rézanec)
* лук-тата́рка (luk-tatárka)
* лук-чесно́к (luk-česnók)
* лу́ковица (lúkovica)

##### Descendants

* → Komi-Zyrian: лук (luk)
* → Skolt Sami: luukk
* → Southern Sami: lööke
* → Yakut: луук (luuk)

### Etymology 2

from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lankas.

#### Alternative forms

* лукъ (luk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

#### Noun

лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков)
* bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)

##### Related terms

* лу́чник (lúčnik)

##### See also

* стрела́ f (strelá), арбале́т m (arbalét)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English look.

#### Noun

лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков)
* (colloquial) appearance, clothing style, look

##### Declension
### Etymology 4
#### Alternative forms

* лукъ (luk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

#### Noun

лук • (luk) f inan pl
* genitive plural of лука́ (luká)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lûk/

#### Noun

лу̏к m (Latin spelling lȕk)
* onion
* (regional) garlic
* any Allium species

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lankas.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lûːk/

#### Noun

лу̑к m (Latin spelling lȗk)
* bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
* arch

##### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old Ukrainian лукъ (luk), from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫuk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ків)
* bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лук”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “лук”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)