# 端

| 端 | U+7AEF, &#31471; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AEF |
| ← 竮 [U+7AEE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竰 → [U+7AF0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

端 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山一月 (YTUMB), four-corner 0212$_7$, composition ⿰立耑)

#### Derived characters

* 𭋬, 𭢺, 𧞖, 𦾸, 𤻨, 𥵣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 872, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25806
* Dae Jaweon: page 1303, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2714, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7AEF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 端 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 揣 | *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ |
| 褍 | *toːlʔ, *toːn |
| 惴 | *tjols |
| 圌 | *djol, *djon |
| 篅 | *djol, *djon |
| 瑞 | *djols |
| 端 | *toːn |
| 剬 | *toːn, *tjonʔ |
| 偳 | *toːn, *tʰoːn |
| 鍴 | *toːn |
| 耑 | *toːn |
| 踹 | *toːns, *djonʔ |
| 湍 | *tʰoːn, *tjon |
| 煓 | *tʰoːn |
| 貒 | *tʰoːn, *tʰoːns |
| 諯 | *stʰons, *tjon, *tʰjons, *djon |
| 顓 | *tjon |
| 喘 | *tʰjonʔ |
| 遄 | *djon |
| 輲 | *djon |
| 椯 | *djon |
| 歂 | *djon, *djonʔ |
| 腨 | *djonʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toːn): semantic 立 + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): duān (duan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): duan$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tôn
    (Hailu, HRS): don$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): duăng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): duang$^1$ / duong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): toaⁿ / toan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): duêng$^1$ / duang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$toe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duan
*** Wade–Giles: tuan$^1$
*** Yale: dwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duan
*** Palladius: дуань (duanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯än⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: duan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: duan
*** Sinological IPA : /tuan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dyun$^1$
*** Yale: dyūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dyn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dün$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tyːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tôn
*** Hakka Romanization System: don$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: don$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ton²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: don$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ton⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: duăng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuaŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: duang$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: duang
*** Sinological IPA : /tuaŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: duong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuoŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tuann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tuã⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toan
*** Tâi-lô: tuan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doafn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tuan³³/
* toaⁿ - vernacular;
* toan - literary.
* Middle Chinese: twan
Rime :
| Character | 端 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 多官切 |
| Baxter | twan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /twan/ |
| Li Rong | /tuɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /tuɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | duān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dyun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤor/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 端 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | duān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ twan › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁor/ |
| English | tip (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 端 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2500 |
| Phonetic component | 耑 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 端 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːn/ |

### Definitions

端
* to hold something level with hand
* end; tip
* beginning; start
    開端／开端 ― kāiduān ― beginning
* upright; erect
    端正 ― duānzhèng ― upright; proper
* (of a person) decent; upright; proper
* to wipe out; to destroy altogether
       Jǐngfāng duān diào fàndú wōdiǎn. [Pinyin]
       The police destroyed the lair of drug lords.
* (figurative, colloquial, derogatory, usually followed by 著／着) to put on airs; to act pretentiously
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 端 (MC twan)
* a surname, Duan

### Compounds

* 一端 (yīduān)
* 三端
* 不端 (bùduān)
* 不端不正
* 事端 (shìduān)
* 他端
* 作惡多端 / 作恶多端 (zuò'èduōduān)
* 侵剝百端 / 侵剥百端
* 借端 (jièduān)
* 兩端 / 两端 (liǎngduān)
* 八端 (bāduān)
* 兵端
* 前端 (qiánduān)
* 千條萬端 / 千条万端
* 千狀萬端 / 千状万端
* 千端萬緒 / 千端万绪
* 千緒萬端 / 千绪万端
* 南端 (nánduān)
* 右端
* 品行端醇
* 四端
* 埻端
* 多端 (duōduān)
* 多端寡要
* 大端 (dàduān)
* 如入雲端 / 如入云端
* 好端端 (hǎoduānduān)
* 尖端 (jiānduān)
* 尖端放電 / 尖端放电
* 尖端科技
* 尾端
* 履端
* 平白無端 / 平白无端
* 弄筆端 / 弄笔端
* 弊端 (bìduān)
* 持兩端 / 持两端
* 攻乎異端 / 攻乎异端
* 更端
* 末端 (mòduān)
* 析律貳端 / 析律贰端
* 東端 / 东端 (dōngduān)
* 極端 / 极端 (jíduān)
* 極端分子 / 极端分子 (jíduān fènzǐ)
* 毫端
* 海端 (Hǎiduān)
* 無端 / 无端 (wúduān)
* 爭端 / 争端 (zhēngduān)
* 玄端
* 生端
* 異端 / 异端 (yìduān)
* 異端邪說 / 异端邪说
* 疋端
* 發端 / 发端 (fāduān)
* 發端詞 / 发端词
* 百端
* 百端交集
* 百端待舉 / 百端待举 (bǎiduān dàijǔ)
* 視端容寂 / 视端容寂
* 禍端 / 祸端 (huòduān)
* 萬端 / 万端 (wànduān)
* 萬緒千端 / 万绪千端
* 端五 (Duānwǔ)
* 端人
* 端人正士
* 端倪 (duānní)
* 端兆
* 端公
* 端凝
* 端切
* 端午 (Duānwǔ)
* 端午節 / 端午节 (Duānwǔjié)
* 端嚴 / 端严
* 端坐 (duānzuò)
* 端子 (duānzi)
* 端子插頭 / 端子插头
* 端居
* 端拱
* 端揆
* 端整
* 端方
* 端木 (Duānmù)
* 端本正源
* 端本清源
* 端本澄源
* 端架子
* 端正 (duānzhèng)
* 端溪
* 端然
* 端的 (duāndì)
* 端盒
* 端盤子 / 端盘子
* 端相
* 端石
* 端硯 / 端砚 (duānyàn)
* 端端正正
* 端粒 (duānlì)
* 端緒 / 端绪 (duānxù)
* 端肅 / 端肃
* 端莊 / 端庄 (duānzhuāng)
* 端詞 / 端词
* 端詳 / 端详 (duānxiáng)
* 端賴 / 端赖
* 端量
* 端門 / 端门
* 端陽 / 端阳 (Duānyáng)
* 端陽競渡 / 端阳竞渡
* 端雅
* 端麗 / 端丽 (duānlì)
* 筆端 / 笔端 (bǐduān)
* 終端 / 终端 (zhōngduān)
* 終端機 / 终端机 (zhōngduānjī)
* 肇端 (zhàoduān)
* 臺端 / 台端
* 藉端 / 借端 (jièduān)
* 要端
* 詭計多端 / 诡计多端 (guǐjìduōduān)
* 詭變多端 / 诡变多端
* 變化多端 / 变化多端 (biànhuàduōduān)
* 變化萬端 / 变化万端
* 變端 / 变端
* 造端
* 連鍋端 / 连锅端
* 遠端會議 / 远端会议
* 遠端簽入 / 远端签入
* 邪說異端 / 邪说异端
* 釁端 / 衅端 (xìnduān)
* 開端 / 开端 (kāiduān)
* 雲端 / 云端 (yúnduān)
* 頂端 / 顶端 (dǐngduān)
* 首尾兩端 / 首尾两端 (shǒuwěiliǎngduān)
* 首施兩端 / 首施两端 (shǒushīliǎngduān)
* 首鼠兩端 / 首鼠两端 (shǒushǔliǎngduān)
* 鬼計多端 / 鬼计多端

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 端(たん) (tan)
* → Korean: 단(端) (dan)
* → Vietnamese: đoan (端)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kun: はし (hashi, 端, Jōyō)、は (ha, 端, Jōyō)、はた (hata, 端, Jōyō)、はな (hana, 端)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 端
* はし Grade: S
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はし [hàshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ɕi]

#### Noun

端(はし) • (hashi)
* an edge; the beginning or end of something

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 端
* はた Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 端 – see the following entry. :
| 【側はた】4 | [noun] vicinity Alternative spelling 傍 |
(This term, 端, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

端 (eumhun 끝 단 (kkeut dan))
* hanja form of 단 (“end”)
* hanja form of 단 (“(geography) cape”)
* hanja form of 단 (“clue”)

#### Compounds

* 극단 (極端, geukdan, “extreme, polarity”)
* 말단 (末端, maldan, “end”)
* 단서 (端緖, danseo, “clue”)
* 발단 (發端, baldan, “beginning, origin”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

端: Hán Nôm readings: đoan
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.