# odium
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin odium.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈəʊ.di.əm/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊdiəm
* Homophone: Odiham

### Noun

odium (countable and uncountable, plural odiums)
* Hatred; dislike.
** 1796, George Washington, "Farewell Address", American Daily Advertiser:
    And it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded citizens, (who devote themselves to the favorite nation,) facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of their own country, without odium, sometimes even with popularity; gilding, with the appearances of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.
** 2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 207:‘I warned you, if you give evidence against your husband, you will be shunned. You will be held in odium. You will be alone.’
    His conduct brought him into odium, or, brought odium upon him.
* The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness.
** 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act V, page 82:She threw the odium of the fact on me.

#### Related terms

* odium generis humani
* odium philologicum
* odium theologicum

### Anagrams

* duomi

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *odjom, cognate with Oscan oiim. The d was restored under the influence of the related verb ōdī.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈo.di.um/, [ˈɔd̪iʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈo.di.um/, [ˈɔːd̪ium]

### Noun

odium n (genitive odiī or odī); second declension
* hatred, ill-will, aversion, dislike, disgust, detestation, odium, loathing, enmity or their manifestation
* the condition of being hated, unpopularity
* (by metonymy) an object of hatred or aversion
* (in weaker sense) weariness, boredom, impatience or their manifestation

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Antonyms

* amor

#### Derived terms

* odiōsus

#### Related terms

* ōdī

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: uggia
** Old Venetan: oio
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: oy
*** Catalan: oi (Mallorca)
Borrowings:
* → Catalan: odi
* → English: odium
* → Friulian: odi
* → Galician: odio
* → German: Odium
* → Italian: odio
* → Middle French: odie
* → Occitan: òdi
* → Portuguese: ódio
* → Sardinian: odia, odiu
* → Spanish: odio

### References

* “odium” on page 1239 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
* “odium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “odium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "odium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* odium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to incur a person's hatred: in odium, in invidiam venire alicui to incur a person's hatred: alicuius odium subire, suscipere, in se convertere, sibi conflare to incur a person's hatred: in alicuius odium incurrere to make a person odious, unpopular: in invidiam, odium (alicuius) vocare aliquem to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem to glut one's hatred: odium explere aliqua re (Liv. 4. 32) to conceive an implacable hatred against a man: odium implacabile suscipere in aliquem to cherish an inveterate animosity against some one: odium inveteratum habere in aliquem (Vat. 3. 6) to kindle hatred in a person's heart; to fill some one with hatred (not implere, vid. sect. IX. 2, note gaudio...): odium alicuius inflammare to stifle, drown one's hatred: odium restinguere, exstinguere (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: odio, invidiae esse alicui (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: in odio esse apud aliquem (ambiguous) to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2) (ambiguous) to be consumed with hatred: odio or invidia alicuius ardere (ambiguous) to be fired with a passionate hatred: odio inflammatum, accensum esse
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “odium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 7: N–Pas, page 324
* ↑ Schrijver, Peter (2016) “Oscan love of Rome”, in Glotta‎, volume 92, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved January 21, 2023, pages 223–226

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin odium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.djum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔdjum
* Syllabification: o‧dium

### Noun

odium n
* odium

#### Declension
### Further reading

* odium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* odium in Polish dictionaries at PWN