# شیر
## Baluchi
### Noun

شیر • (šír)
* milk

## Burushaski
### Etymology

From Classical Persian شیر (šēr)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃeːɾ/, [ʃeːɾ]

### Noun

شیر (transliteration needed) (plural شیرشݸ)
* lion

### References

Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎.

## Central Kurdish
### Etymology

Cognate with Persian شیر (šir).

### Noun

شیر (şîr)
* milk (the liquid)

## Kashmiri
### Etymology

Borrowed from Punjabi شیر (śer).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃeːr/

### Noun

شیر • (śēr) m (Devanagari शेर)
* tiger
    Synonym: سٕہہ (sụhh)

### Verb

شیر • (śēr)
* imperative singular of شیرُن (śērun, “to fix, repair”)

## Khalaj
### Noun

شیر (şîr) (definite accusative شیری, plural شیرلَر)
* Arabic spelling of şîr (“lion”)

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /⁠šagr, šēr⁠/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).
Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃiːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃeɾ]
* Audio (Dari):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːr (Iran), -eːr (elsewhere)

#### Noun

شیر • (šēr / šir) (plural شیرها (šēr-hā / šir-hâ) or شیران (šērān / širân))
* lion
    Synonyms: ارسلان (arsalān / arsalân), اسد (asad)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 751:چون رسد آن جا ببیند گرگ و شیر عمر ضایع راه دور و روز دیرčūn rasad ān-jā bibīnad gurg u šēr umr-i zāyi' rāh-i dūr u rōz-i dērWhen he reaches the spot, he sees wolves and lions, his life lost, the road far off, and the day late.(Classical Persian transliteration)
* faucet, tap
* (Indo-Persian) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)

##### Derived terms

* توله‌شیر (tōla-šēr / tule-šir, “lion cub”)
* شیر دریایی (šēr-i dariyāyī / šir-e dariyâyi, “sea lion”)
* شیر شدن (šēr šudan / šir šodan, “to summon up the courage”)
* شیر و خورشید (šēr u xwaršēd / šir o xoršid, “Lion and Sun”)
* شیر کردن (šēr kardan / šir kardan, “to incite, provoke”)
* شیر کوهی (šēr-i kōhī / šir-e kuhi, “puma”)
* شیر یا خط (šēr yā xatt / šir yâ xatt, “heads or tails”)
* شیرافکن (šēr-afkan / šir-afkan, “lion-slayer”)
* شیراوژن (šēr-awžan / šir-owžan, “lion-slayer”)
* شیردال (šēr-dāl / šir-dâl, “griffin”)
* شیردل (šēr-dil / šir-del, “lionheart”)
* شیرزن (šērzan / širzan, “lioness, heroine”)
* شیرشاه (šēr-šāh / šir-šâh, “Lion King”)
* شیرفش (šērfaš / širfaš, “lionlike, leonine”)
* شیرماهی (šēr-māhī / šir-mâhi, “Spanish mackerel”)
* شیرمرد (šērmard / širmard, “hero, gallant”)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: şir
* → Bengali: শের (śer)
* → Gilaki: شیر (šīr)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शेर (śer)
    Urdu: شیر (šer)
* → Khalaj: şîr
* → Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)
** Turkish: şir
* → Uzbek: sher

#### Proper noun

شیر • (šēr / šir)
* (astronomy) Leo
    Synonym: اسد (asad)

#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šagr, šēr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, pages 78–79

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /⁠šīr⁠/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃiːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃiːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃiːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃiːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃiɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃiːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃiɾ]
* Audio (Dari):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːr

#### Noun

شیر • (šīr / šir)
* milk
    کمی شیر اضافه کنkami šir ezâfe konAdd a little milk.

##### Inflection

$^△$ Colloquial.

##### Derived terms

* شیربا (šīrbā / širbâ)
* همشیره (hamšīra / hamšire)

##### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शीर (śīr)
    Urdu: شیر (šīr)

#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šīr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 90

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian شیر (šēr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃeːɾ/

#### Noun

شیر • (śer) m (Hindi spelling शेर)
* lion
    Synonym: سِن٘گھ (siṅgh)
* tiger
    Synonym: باگھ (bāgh)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian شیر (šīr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃiːɾ/

#### Noun

شِیر • (śīr) m (Hindi spelling शीर)
* milk
    Synonym: دودھ (dodh)