# قمر
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ق م ر (q m r). The Arabic word for the moon is alone in the Semitic languages and of unknown origin. Possible distant relationship with Akkadian 𒄣𒈠𒊒𒌑 (qu-ma-ru-u$_2$ /⁠qummārû⁠/, “to be naked, exposed; to have leprosy, to have mold or fungus, to change in color, to be splotched with white, to be dazzling or whitened; also a designation of sheep”) as the Arabic term originally referred to the moon at any time other than the beginning and end of the month without light, the illuminated spotted surface of the moon before it is obscured again.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.mar/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

قَمَرَ • (qamara) I (non-past يَقْمِرُ (yaqmiru), verbal noun قَمْر (qamr))
* to gamble

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَمَرَ • (qamara) I (non-past يَقْمِرُ (yaqmiru) or يَقْمُرُ (yaqmuru), verbal noun قَمْر (qamr))
* to defeat in gambling

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَمِرَ • (qamira) I (non-past يَقْمَرُ (yaqmaru), verbal noun قَمْر (qamr))
* to be or become snow-blind

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَمَّرَ • (qammara) II (non-past يُقَمِّرُ (yuqammiru), verbal noun تَقْمِير (taqmīr))
* to toast (bread)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

قَمَر • (qamar) m (plural أَقْمَار (ʔaqmār))
* moon
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:176:تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًاtabāraka llaḏī jaʕala fī s-samāʔi burūjan wajaʕala fīhā sirājan waqamaran munīranBlessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.
* satellite
    Synonyms: سَاتِل (sātil), قَمَر صِنَاعِيّ (qamar ṣināʕiyy)
* snow blindness
* (figuratively) something or someone beautiful, handsome, especially a face
    قَمَرُ بَنِي هَاشِم ― qamaru banī hāšim ― The Moon of the Sons of Hashim [title of Abbas ibn Ali]

#### Derived terms

* قَمَر الدِّين (qamar ad-dīn)

#### Descendants

* Cypriot Arabic: kamar
* Gulf Arabic: قمر (gumar)
* Hijazi Arabic: قمر (gamar)
* Maltese: qamar
* → Malay: kamar
** Indonesian: kamar
* → Ottoman Turkish: قمر (kamer)
** Turkish: kamer
* → Persian: قمر (qamar)

### Noun

قَمْر • (qamr) m
* verbal noun of قَمِرَ (qamira) (form I)
* verbal noun of قَمَرَ (qamara) (form I)

#### Declension
### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قمر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 403
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قمر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 495–496
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قمر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 855
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “قمر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 923

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

### Noun

قمر • (gamar) m (plural أقمار (ʔagmār))
* moon

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 50

## Gulf Arabic
### Alternative forms

* گمر

### Etymology

From Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /ˈɡʊmər/
* (Eastern Saudi Arabia) IPA: /ˈɡəmɑr/

### Noun

قمر • (gumar) m (dual قمرين (gumarēn), plural اقمار (aqmār) or اقمار (agmār))
* moon
* (figuratively) a very beautiful or handsome person, regardless of gender

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.mar/

#### Noun

قمر • (gamar) m (plural أقمار (ʔagmār))
* moon

### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَمَّرَ (qammara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡam.mar/

#### Verb

قمر • (gammar) II (non-past يِقَمِّر (yigammir))
* to toast
* to roast
    Synonym: حَمَّص (ḥammaṣ)

##### Conjugation
## Malay
### Noun

قمر
* Jawi spelling of kamar‎ (etymology 2).

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.mar/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

قمر • (qamar) m (plural أقمار (ʔaqmār))
* moon

#### See also

* كوكب (kawkab, kūkab, “planet”)
* نجمة (najma, “star”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَمَّرَ (qammara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qam.mar/

#### Verb

قمر • (qammar) II (non-past يقمر (yqammar))
* to gamble

##### Conjugation
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

### Noun

قمر • (kamer) (plural اقمار)
* the Moon
    Synonym: آی (ay)

#### Related terms

* قمری (kamerî)
* قمری (kumru)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kamer

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قمر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 971b
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قمر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1472b
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kamer”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2369b

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qa.ˈmaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.mǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.mǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qä.mǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qä.mǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæ.mǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qä.mǽɾ]

### Noun

قمر • (qamar) (plural اقمار (aqmâr) or قمرها (qamar-hâ))
* natural satellite; moon
* (archaic, poetic) the Moon (of Earth)
    Synonym: ماه (mâh)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَمَر (qamar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔa.mar/, [ˈʔɑ.mɑrˤ]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡa.mar/, [ˈɡɑ.mɑrˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

قمر • (ʔamar) m
* moon

#### See also

* شمس (šams, “sun”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

From Classical Persian قمر (qamar).

### Noun

قمر • (qamar) m (Hindi spelling क़मर)
* moon