# samhradh
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish samrad, from a compound of Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Galway) IPA: /ˈsˠauɾˠə/, /ˈsˠãuɾˠə/
* (Mayo) IPA: /ˈsˠauɾˠuː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈsˠãuɾˠu/

### Noun

samhradh m (genitive singular samhraidh, nominative plural samhraí)
* summer
* summer garland

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
samhradh
samhraí
vocative
a shamhraidh
a shamhraí
genitive
samhraidh
samhraí
dative
samhradh
samhraí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an samhradh
na samhraí
genitive
an tsamhraidh
na samhraí
dative
leis an samhradh don samhradh
leis na samhraí :
* Alternative plural: samhraíocha (Cois Fharraige)

#### Derived terms

* bó shamhraidh (“ladybird”)
* calar samhraidh (“summer cholera, cholerine”)
* crotach samhraidh (“whimbrel”)
* Meitheamh an tSamhraidh (“midsummer”)
* priompallán samhraidh (“may-beetle, may-bug”)
* samhradh beag (“Indian summer, warm autumn”, literally “little summer”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

Seasons in Irish · séasúir (layout · text) · category :
| earrach (“spring”) | samhradh (“summer”) | fómhar (“autumn”) | geimhreadh (“winter”) |

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “samhradh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “samhradh”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “samhradh”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* Samhradh

### Etymology

From Old Irish samrad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈs̪ãũɾəɣ/
* (Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈs̪ɛ̃ũɾək/
* (Colonsay, Islay, South Jura, Gigha, Kintyre) IPA: /ˈs̪ɛvəɾəɣ/, [ˈs̪ɛvɪ̈ɾɪ̈ɣ]

### Noun

samhradh m (genitive singular samhraidh, plural samhraidhean)
* summer
    as t-samhradh ― in summer
    samhradh breac ― a summer with regular rain
    Bha mi ann an Uibhist an samhradh mu dheireadh.I was in Uist last summer.

#### Derived terms

* buidheag-an-t-samhraidh
* grian-stad samhraidh

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

* seasons: ràithean: earrach · samhradh · foghar · geamhradh

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 72, page 38
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 144, page 57
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath, page 15
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
* ↑ Scouller, Alastair (2017) The Gaelic Dialect of Colonsay (PhD thesis), Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, page 100
* ↑ Seumas Grannd (2000) The Gaelic of Islay: A Comparative Study‎, Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Cathair Ó Dochartaigh, editor (1994), Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies