OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# thurvan
## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.

### Verb

thurvan
* to need
* to be required
* may, to be allowed to

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: dorven
** Dutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)
*** Afrikaans: durf
*** Javindo: durref
*** Negerhollands: derv, dėfo
*** → Papiamentu: dùrf
** Limburgish: dörve

#### Further reading

* “thurvan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* thurƀan

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *terp-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθurfɑn/, [ˈθurβɑn]

### Verb

thurvan
* to need
** 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:
    uundrodun alla bihuuî he thar sô lango frâon sînun thionon thorftithey all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lord
** 9th c. Heliand, verse 1923-1924
    thea ni thurƀun mid wordun sō filu hrōpan te helputhey do not need with so many words to call for help

#### Derived terms

* bithurvan

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven
** Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven, dröffen
# Mettimano
## Italian
### Etymology

Verb-object compound, composed of metti (“to put”) +‎ mano (“hand”), probably a nickname for a hard-working person.

### Proper noun

Mettimano m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the nickname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# shquhet
## Albanian
### Etymology

See shquaj (shquaj +‎ -het).

### Verb

shquhet
* (Tosk) third-person singular present indicative passive of shquan
* (Tosk) third-person singular present indicative passive of shquhem
* (Tosk) third-person singular present indicative passive of shquaj
* (passive voice, transitive) it distinguishes itself
* (passive voice, transitive) it is discerned, distinguished

#### Related terms

* (e/të) shquara f
* (i/të) shquar m
* shquar (“noted, celebrated”) (participle)
* (i) shquar m, (e) shquar f
* pashquar (“indefinite”)
* shquar n, shquarit n
* shquarje f
* shques m (“characteristic”), shquese f (“id”)

### Further reading

* passive verb shquhet/shqúhet (aorist u shqói; participle shqúar)• Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
# stirrup
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English stirop, stirope, from Old English stiġrāp (“stirrup”), a compound of stiġe ("ascent, descent, a going up or down"; related to stīġan (“to climb”)) and rāp (“rope”), equivalent to sty +‎ rope.
Cognate with Dutch stegereep, stegelreep (“stirrup”), Old Saxon stigerēp (“stirrup”), Middle High German stereip, stegreif ("stirrup"; > German Stegreif (“improvisation”)), Icelandic stigreip (“stirrup”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstɪ.ɹəp/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈstɝ.əp/, /ˈstɪɹ.əp/
* Rhymes: -ɪɹəp, -ɜːɹəp

### Noun

stirrup (plural stirrups)
* (equestrianism) A ring or hoop suspended by a rope or strap from the saddle, for a horseman's foot while mounting or riding.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 36–37:With what different feelings did he now put foot in stirrup to the last time when he sprung to horse?
* (by extension) Any piece shaped like the stirrup of a saddle, used as a support, clamp, etc.
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. […] A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
** (climbing) A portable, flexible ladder-like device used in climbing.
    Synonyms: aider, étrier
* (anatomy) A stapes.
* (nautical) A rope secured to a yard, with a thimble in its lower end for supporting a footrope.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:stirrup.
* (construction) A bent rebar wrapped around the main rebars to reinforce against shear stress.

#### Derived terms

* birthing stirrups
* stirrup bone
* stirrup cup
* stirrup iron
* stirrup jar
* stirrup leather
* stirrup leggings
* stirrup pants
* stirrup pump
* stirrup stocking
* stirrup strap
* stirrup vase
* witch's stirrup

#### Translations
### Adjective

stirrup (not comparable)
* Referring to women's pants/trousers: being of a form, commonly worn by women, that includes a strap beneath the arch of the foot.

### Further reading

* stirrup on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* irrupts
# fuming
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfjuːmɪŋ/
* Rhymes: -uːmɪŋ

### Verb

fuming
* present participle and gerund of fume

### Adjective

fuming (comparative more fuming, superlative most fuming)
* That which fumes.
    fuming nitric acid
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)
* Very angry.
** 2011 October 2, Kevin Core, “Fulham 6 - 0 QPR”, in BBC Sport‎:The first Premier League hat-trick by a Fulham player was taken in fine style, but it also exposed a slack defensive display which left QPR manager Neil Warnock fuming on the sidelines.

#### Derived terms

* frumious
* fumingly

### Noun

fuming (plural fumings)
* The act of one who fumes or shows suppressed anger.
** 1840, The Monthly Magazine, Or, British Register:He fumed, and threatened, and stormed; but his fumings, and threatenings, and stormings, were powerless to turn from him the keen edge of public ridicule.
** 1949, New Brunswick Laboratory, Assayer's Guide:Evaporate, fume again, cool and wash down the sides of the beaker and watch glass, and then fume again. Your fumings are necessary to remove the cupferron decomposition products and nitric acid from the solution.
** 1986, John B. Sanford, The Waters of Darkness:And endlessly you'd read his fumings against the running dogs of capitalism, against the lackeys and the lumpen — and against you for being unable to collect a bill from his debtor.

#### Derived terms

* fuming sulphuric acid
* red fuming nitric acid
* white fuming nitric acid
# jævne
## Danish
### Etymology

See jævn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɛwnə]

### Verb

jævne (imperative jævn, infinitive at jævne, present tense jævner, past tense jævnede, perfect tense jævnet)
* to make (something) flat, even and smooth, to level out.
    Coordinate terms: planere, glatte
* to thicken (e.g. sauce or soup).

#### Conjugation

activepassive
present
jævner
jævnes
past
jævnede
jævnedes
infinitive
jævne
jævnes
imperative
jævn
participle
present
past
jævnet (auxiliary verb have)
gerund

### See also

* jævning

### Fixed expressions

* jævne med jorden (“to tear (something) down”). And by extension (completely destroy,obliterate) (figuratively)
    Synonym: tilintetgøre
* jævne sig (“to get in order, to fall into place, going to be alright”)
* jævne ud (“to even out (something)”).
    Synonym: udjævne

### References

* “jævne” in Den Danske Ordbog
# focią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɔ.t͡ɕɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔt͡ɕɔw̃
* Syllabification: fo‧cią

### Noun

focią
* instrumental singular of focia
# سمرقند
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.mar.qand/

### Proper noun

سَمَرْقَنْد • (samarqand) f
* Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)

#### Declension
## Chagatai
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian سمرقند (samarqand).

### Proper noun

سمرقند (samarqand)
* Samarkand (a city in modern-day Uzbekistan)

#### Descendants

* Uyghur: سەمەرقەند (semerqend)
* Uzbek: Samarqand

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian سمرقند (samarqand), from Middle Persian 𐮐𐮋𐮊𐮉𐮌𐮃 (smlknd /⁠samarkand⁠/), itself from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /⁠*Smā́rkąθ⁠/).

### Proper noun

سمرقند • (semerkand)
* Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)

#### Derived terms

* سمرقندی (semerkandî, “pertaining to Samarkand”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Semerkant

### Further reading

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سمرقند”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2671
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سمرقند”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1077

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐮐𐮋𐮊𐮉𐮌𐮃 (smlknd /⁠samarkand⁠/), borrowed from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /⁠*Smā́rkąθ⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.maɾ.ˈqanð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.mäɾ.qǽn̪d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.mäɾ.qǽn̪d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.mäɾ.qǽn̪d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sä.mäɾ.qǽn̪d̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.mæɹ.ɢǽn̪d̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.mäɾ.qǽn̪d̪]

### Proper noun

سمرقند • (samarqand)
* Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)

#### Derived terms

* سمرقندی (samarqandi)

#### Descendants

* → Chagatai: سمرقند
** Uyghur: سەمەرقەند (semerqend)
** Uzbek: Samarqand
* → Ottoman Turkish: سمرقند (semerkand)
** Turkish: Semerkant
* → Russian: Самарка́нд (Samarkánd), Самарка́ндъ (Samarkánd) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
** → English: Samarkand
* → Hindi: समरक़ंद (samarqand)
* → Urdu: سمرقند (samarqand)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سمرقند (samarqand).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sə.məɾ.qənd̪/

### Proper noun

سمرقند • (samarqand) ? (Hindi spelling समरक़ंद)
* Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)
# buros
## English
### Noun

buros
* plural of buro

### Anagrams

* Bours, Bruso, USorb.

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Compare burot & Tausug burus.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: bu‧ros
* IPA: /buˈɾos/ [bʊˈɾ̪os̪]

### Adjective

burós
* pregnant
    Synonyms: mabdos, sabak, buntis

### Noun

burós
* a pregnant woman
    Synonyms: mabdos, sabak, buntis

### Verb

burós
* to impregnate (human or animal)

#### Derived terms

* magburos
* moburos
* paburosan

## Spanish
### Noun

buros m pl
* plural of buro

## Swedish
### Verb

buros
* (pre-1940) plural past passive indicative of bära
# fægten
## Danish
### Etymology

fægte +‎ -en

### Noun

fægten c
* fencing (the act itself)

### References

* “fægten” in Den Danske Ordbog
# helgendyrkelse
## Danish
### Etymology

Compound of helgen +‎ dyrkelse.

### Noun

helgendyrkelse c (singular definite helgendyrkelsen, not used in plural form)
* worship, venerance, reverence (for saints)

#### References

* “helgendyrkelse” in Den Danske Ordbog
# hvermand
## Danish
### Etymology

From hver +‎ mand. Compare German jedermann.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɛɐ̯ˀˌmanˀ]

#### Pronoun

hvermand
* everyone, anyone

### Fixed Expressions

* Gud og hvermand
* tyv tror, hvermand stjæler

### References

* “hvermand” in Den Danske Ordbog
# infinitesimus
## Latin
### Etymology

From īnfīnītus (“infinite”) +‎ -ēsimus (“-th”). The word infinitesimal comes from a 17th-century Modern Latin coinage infinitesimus, which originally referred to the "infinity-eth" item in a sequence.

### Numeral

īnfīnītēsimus (feminine īnfīnītēsima, neuter īnfīnītēsimum); first/second-declension numeral
* (New Latin) infinitesimal

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* → English: infinitesimal
* → Translingual: infinitesimus
# korukoru
## Maori
### Etymology 1

Reduplication of koru (“coiled”)

#### Noun

korukoru
* wrinkle
* nook, cavity

#### Adjective

korukoru
* sagging, droopy (of skin)

### Etymology 2

Likely onomatopoeic. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

korukoru
* turkey

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “korukoru”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 171
* “korukoru” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
# ecoduto
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From eco- +‎ duto.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌɛ.koˈdu.tu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌɛ.koˈdu.tu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌɛ.koˈdu.to/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌɛ.kuˈdu.tu/ [ˌɛ.kuˈðu.tu]
* Rhymes: -utu
* Hyphenation: e‧co‧du‧to

### Noun

ecoduto m (plural ecodutos)
* (ecology) ecoduct
** 2006 July 14, Lusa, “Construção de passagem em auto-estrada aumenta segurança de animais selvagens do Alvão [Construction of a passageway on highway increases the safety of Alvão’s wildlife]”, in Público‎, Lisbon, archived from the original on 2025-03-02:Agora, a Auto-Estrada 24 (A24), entre Vila Real e Vila Pouca de Aguiar, vai incluir o primeiro ecoduto do país, uma passagem superior específica para lobos, corços e javalis, entre outros animais.Now, Auto-Estrada 24 (A24), between Vila Real and Vila Pouca de Aguiar, will include the country’s first ecoduct, an overpass designed for wolves, roe deer and wild boars, among other animals.
** 2017 January 13, Mayra Rosa, “Pontes vivas reduzem emissões de carbono e protegem animais [Green bridge reduce the carbon emission and protect the animals]”, in CicloVivo‎, São Paulo, archived from the original on 2021-06-19:Também chamadas de ecodutos, estas estruturas foram primeiramente construídas em países europeus, a exemplo da Holanda e da Alemanha, que possuem rodovias cruzando áreas verdes que servem de moradia para diversos animais – como linces, raposas, veados e outros mamíferos de grande porte. As pontes vivas também foram erguidas em outras partes do mundo, como na América do Norte e na Austrália.Also called ecoducts, these structures were firstly built in European countries, such as the Netherlands and Germany, which have roads crossing green areas inhabited by various animals—like lynx, foxes, deer and other large mammal. The green bridges were also erected in other parts of the world, like in North America and Australia.
** 2021 January 28, Márcia Catunda, “Projeto de ecoduto pode resolver o conflito entre a CE-010 e as dunas da Sabiaguaba [Ecoduct project can settle the conflict between CE-010 and the Sabiaguaba dunes]”, in Portal GCMAIS‎, Fortaleza, archived from the original on 2025-03-02:Um projeto apresentado pelo biólogo e vereador Gabriel Aguiar (PSOL) promete resolver o conflito. A proposta é construir um ecoduto, ou seja, revestir a pista com uma cobertura de concreto. Essa estrutura seria capaz de permitir que a duna passe por cima e siga o caminho em direção ao Parque Estadual do Cocó.A project presented by biologist and councillor Gabriel Aguiar (PSOL) vows to settle the conflict. The proposal is to build an ecoduct, that is, to coat the road with a concrete covering. This structure would let the dune go over it, all the way to Cocó Ecological Park.

### Further reading

* “ecoduto”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# nuttet
## Danish
### Etymology

A variant of snut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nutət/, [ˈnud̥əð]

### Adjective

nuttet (plural and definite singular attributive nuttede)
* cute (having features mainly attributed to infants and small or cuddly animals; attractive or pleasing in a youthful, dainty, quaint or fun-spirited way)
* dainty (delicately small and pretty)
* sweet

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

#### Synonyms

* kær

#### Related terms

* nuttethed
* tuttenuttet
# self-gratification
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ gratification.

### Noun

self-gratification (uncountable)
* Self-satisfaction.
** 2019 September 26, Sandee LaMotte, “Too much exercise could lead to bad decisions on what you eat and buy”, in CNN‎:It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to delay self-gratification.
* (euphemistic) Masturbation.

#### Synonyms

* (masturbation): autoeroticism

### References

* “self-gratification”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# servos
## English
### Noun

servos
* plural of servo

### Anagrams

* versos

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈservos]
* Rhymes: -ervos
* Hyphenation: ser‧vos

### Verb

servos
* future of servi

## Galician
### Noun

servos
* plural of servo

## Latin
### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈser.u̯oːs/, [ˈs̠ɛru̯oːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈser.vos/, [ˈsɛrvos]

#### Noun

servōs m
* accusative plural of servus

### Etymology 2

See servus. Like all other Latin words spelled with 'vu", this was originally pronounced with /wo/ and could be spelled with "vo" through the first century AD.

#### Noun

servos m
* Alternative form of servus

##### Declension

Second-declension noun.

## Portuguese
### Noun

servos
* plural of servo

## Spanish
### Noun

servos m pl
* plural of servo

## Swedish
### Noun

servos
* indefinite genitive singular of servo
# sqá:la
## Halkomelem
### Noun

sqá:la
* red huckleberry, Vaccinium parvifolium

#### Alternative forms

* sqá:le
# utenzi
## Swahili
### Etymology

From u- +‎ -tenda +‎ -i.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

utenzi class XI (plural tenzi class X)
* action, activity
    Synonym: utendaji
* narrative poem, usually describing heroic deeds
# śmieć
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕmjɛt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: śmieć

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̏metь, from *sъmesti.

#### Noun

śmieć m inan
* piece of garbage or trash
* trash (something worthless or of low quality)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:badziewie
* (in the plural) rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, refuse, junk

##### Alternative forms

* śnieci (Kuyavia, plural only)

##### Derived terms

* śmieciowaty
* śmieciowy
* śmiecisty
* śmieciarka
* śmieciarz
* śmiecie
* śmieciowisko
* śmiecisko
* śmieciuch
* śmietnica
* śmietnik
* śmietnisko
* śmiecić impf

##### Related terms

* zmiotka
* zmiatać impf, zmieść pf

#### Noun

śmieć m pers
* (colloquial) trash (contemptible or despicable person)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish śmieć, from Proto-Slavic *sъmě̀ti, from *sъ- +‎ *měti, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-.

#### Verb

śmieć impf
* (intransitive) dare (to have enough courage (to do something))
    Synonym: ważyć się
    Jak śmiesz! ― How dare you!

##### Conjugation

or

##### Related terms

* śmiały
* śmiałek
* śmiałość
* ośmielać impf, ośmielić pf

### Etymology 3

See śniedź.

#### Noun

śmieć f
* (Kuyavia) Alternative form of śniedź

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

śmieć
* second-person singular imperative of śmiecić

### Further reading

* śmieć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* śmieć in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕmjɛt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: śmieć

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Czech smět.

#### Verb

śmieć impf
* (auxiliary) may; to be allowed
    Niy śmisz jeszcze tego brać. ― You may not take that yet.

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish śmieć.

#### Verb

śmieć impf
* (intransitive) to dare

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023) “śmieć”, in Dykcjōnôrz Ślonsko-Polski (in Silesian), s, pages 340, 341
* śmieć in dykcjonorz.eu
# μεγαλογραφέω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From μέγᾰς (mégăs) +‎ ο (o) +‎ γρᾰφή (grăphḗ) +‎ -έω (-éō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /me.ɡa.lo.ɡra.pʰé.ɔː/ → /me.ɣa.lo.ɣraˈɸe.o/ → /me.ɣa.lo.ɣraˈfe.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /me.ɡa.lo.ɡra.pʰé.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /me.ɡa.lo.ɡraˈpʰe.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /me.ɣa.lo.ɣraˈɸe.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /me.ɣa.lo.ɣraˈfe.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /me.ɣa.lo.ɣraˈfe.o/

### Verb

μεγαλογραφέω • (megalographéō)
* to write with the letter omega
    Antonym: μικρογραφέω (mikrographéō)
** 1 CE – 200 CE, Aelius Herodianus, Partitiones 193:αὶ ἀπὸ τούτων μεγαλογραφοῦνται μόνα, τὸ γεγῶτος, ἑστῶτος, καὶ τεθνεῶτος.aì apò toútōn megalographoûntai móna, tò gegôtos, hestôtos, kaì tethneôtos.

#### Related terms

* μεγαλογραφία (megalographía)

### References

* “μεγαλογραφέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* μεγαλογραφέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* μεγαλογραφέω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# нестинар
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

нестина́р • (nestinár) m (feminine нестина́рка)
* Anastenaride (participant in the ritual Anastenaria)

#### Alternative forms

* нестина́рин (nestinárin) — + agentitive suffix -ин (-in)
* нещина́р (neštinár), нищина́р (ništinár) — regional variants

#### Derived terms

* нестина́рство (nestinárstvo) (abstract noun)
* нестина́рски (nestinárski) (adjective)

### References

* “нестинар”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “нестинар”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “нестинар”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 626

### Further reading

* Нестинарство in BǎlgarskaEtnografia.com (in Bulgarian)
# туля
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tuliti.

### Verb

ту́ля • (túlja) first-singular present indicative, impf (dialectal)
* (transitive) to contain, to sheath
* (by extension) to cover, to shelter
    Synonyms: покри́вам (pokrívam), засла́ням (zaslánjam)
* (reflexive with се) to hide

#### Conjugation

$^1$Dialectally marked.

#### Derived terms

* зату́ля pf (zatúlja), зату́лвам impf (zatúlvam, “to plug”)
* поту́ля pf (potúlja), поту́лвам impf (potúlvam, “to hide, to conceal”)
* приту́ля pf (pritúlja), приту́лвам impf (pritúlvam, “to snuggle, to cover”)

### References

* “туля”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “туля”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “ту́лѭ, -ишь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 379

## Northern Mansi
### Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *suwďa. Cognates include Hungarian ujj.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tulʲa]
* Hyphenation: тул‧я
* Rhymes: -ja

### Noun

туля (tulâ)(Sosva, Upper Lozva, Sygva)
* ring, signet ring

#### Declension

Sosva:
Upper Lozva:

#### Related terms

* тулё̄выл (tulë̄vyl)

### References

* ↑ Entry #910 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* Afanasʹjeva, K. V., Sobjanina, S. A. (2012) “туля”, in Školʹnyj mansijsko-russkij slovarʹ [Mansi-Russian school dictionary], Khanty-Mansiysk: RIO IRO
* Mansi Dictionary of Munkácsi and Kálmán
# тушка
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtuʂkə]

### Etymology 1

ту́ша (túša) +‎ -ка (-ka)

#### Noun

ту́шка • (túška) f inan (genitive ту́шки, nominative plural ту́шки, genitive plural ту́шек)
* diminutive of ту́ша (túša): trunk, body, carcass (the body of a recently killed animal, typically a small one)
* (colloquial, derogatory) bod (a person's body, especially if fat or clumsy)
* (photography slang) camera body without a lens

##### Derived terms
###### Phrases

* хоть ту́шкой, хоть чу́челком (xotʹ túškoj, xotʹ čúčelkom), хоть ту́шкой, хоть чу́челом (xotʹ túškoj, xotʹ čúčelom)

### Etymology 2

From Ту (Tu) +‎ -шка (-ška), based on the Tupolev design office prefix.

#### Noun

ту́шка • (túška) f inan (genitive ту́шки, nominative plural ту́шки, genitive plural ту́шек)
* (aviation slang, diminutive) Tupolev aircraft

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* шту́ка (štúka), шу́тка (šútka)