# mu-
## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu/ [mʊ]

### Prefix

mu- (perfect ming-, mi-, ni-)
* Alternative form of mo-

### See also
## Japanese
### Romanization

mu-
* Rōmaji transcription of む

## Kamba
### Alternative forms

* m-

### Prefix

mu-
* you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

## Kambera
### Alternative forms

* u-

### Pronoun

mu-
* second person singular nominative proclitic

#### See also

| | Nominative | Genitive | Accusative | Dative |
| 1sg | ku- | -nggu | -ka | -ngga |
| 2sg | mu- (u-) | -mu | -kau | -nggau |
| 3sg | na- | -na | -ya | -nya |
| 1pl.incl | ta- | -nda | -ta | -nda |
| 1pl.excl | ma- | -ma | -kama | -nggama |
| 2pl | mi- (i-) | -mi | -kami (-kai) | -nggami (-nggai) |
| 3pl | da- | -da | -ha | -nja |

## Nheengatu
### Alternative forms

* um-, m-

### Etymology

From Old Tupi mo-, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mo-, from Proto-Tupian *mo-.

### Noun

mu-
* forms causative verbs from verbs

#### Derived terms
### References

* Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “mu-”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 491

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

### Prefix

mu-
* him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

#### Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

## Phuthi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
* him, her, it; class 3 object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Prefix

mu-
* you, second-person plural subject concord.
* Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)
* class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives

#### Alternative forms

* mw- (before a vowel)

## Shona
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

### Prefix

mu-
* him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

#### Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

## Southern Pomo
### Alternative forms

* mo-

### Prefix

mu-
* heat, fire, emotion
* relating to a short object in the air

#### Usage notes

This prefix is used with verbs only.

## Swahili
### Alternative forms

* m- (before consonants)
* mw- (before vowels)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu- (plural wa-)
* m class$_{(I)}$ noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/ and /w/
    ‎mu- + ‎-ua (“to kill”) + ‎-ji (nominalizing suffix) → ‎muuaji (“killer”)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu- (plural mi-)
* m class$_{(III)}$ noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/, /w/, and occasionally /h/
    muhindi ― maize plant
    ‎mu- + ‎-ungana (“to join together”) + ‎-o (nominalizing suffix) → ‎muungano (“union”)

#### See also

* Appendix:Swahili noun classes

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* you, 2nd person plural subject concord used before /u/ and /w/
    Antonym: hamu-
* verb-initial form of -mu- (“her, him; 3rd person singular (m class$_{(I)}$) object concord used before /u/ and /w/”)

##### See also
### Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* therein, mu class$_{(XVIII)}$ subject concord used before /u/ and /w/
    Antonym: hamu-

##### See also

For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns

## Swazi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

### Prefix

mu-
* him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

#### Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

## Tooro
### Alternative forms

* (before vowels) mw-

### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu-/

### Prefix

mu-
* you, you all; 2nd person plural subject concord
    ‎mu- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎mukora (“you all do”)

#### See also

| Class | Person | Independent | Possessive | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Combined forms |
| Class | Person | Independent | Possessive | Subject concord | Object concord | na | ni |
| Class 1 | First | nyowe, nye | -ange | n- | -n- | nanyowe, nanye | ninyowe, ninye |
| Class 1 | Second | iwe | -awe | o- | -ku- | naiwe | niiwe |
| Class 1 | Third | uwe | -e | a- | -mu- | nawe | nuwe |
| Class 2 | First | itwe | -aitu | tu- | -tu- | naitwe | niitwe |
| Class 2 | Second | inywe | -anyu | mu- | -ba- | nainywe | niinywe |
| Class 2 | Third | abo | -abo | ba- | -ba- | nabo | nubo |
| Class 3 | Class 3 | gwo | -agwo | gu- | -gu- | nagwo | nugwo |
| Class 4 | Class 4 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo |
| Class 5 | Class 5 | lyo | -alyo | li- | -li- | nalyo | niryo |
| Class 6 | Class 6 | go | -ago | ga- | -ga- | nago | nugo |
| Class 7 | Class 7 | kyo | -akyo | ki- | -ki- | nakyo | nikyo |
| Class 8 | Class 8 | byo | -abyo | bi- | -bi- | nabyo | nibyo |
| Class 9 | Class 9 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo |
| Class 10 | Class 10 | zo | -azo | zi- | -zi- | nazo | nizo |
| Class 11 | Class 11 | rwo | -arwo | ru- | -ru- | narwo | nurwo |
| Class 12 | Class 12 | ko | -ako | ka- | -ka- | nako | nuko |
| Class 13 | Class 13 | two | -atwo | tu- | -tu- | natwo | nutwo |
| Class 14 | Class 14 | bwo | -abwo | bu- | -bu- | nabwo | nubwo |
| Class 15 | Class 15 | kwo | -akwo | ku- | -ku- | nakwo | nukwo |
| Class 16 | Class 16 | ho | -aho | ha- | -ha- | naho | nuho |
| Class 17 | Class 17 | (kwo) | N/A | ha- (...-yo) | -ha- | N/A | nukwo |
| Class 18 | Class 18 | (mwo) | -amwo | ha- (...-mu) | -ha- | N/A | numwo |
| Reflexive | Reflexive | -enyini, -onyini | — | — | -e- | — | — |

### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

## Tsonga
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

#### Alternative forms

* m-
* n-

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Venda
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 1 simple noun prefix.

##### Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mú-
* him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

##### Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mu-
* Class 3 simple noun prefix.

##### Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “mu-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “mu-”