# 警

| 警 | U+8B66, &#35686; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B66 |
| ← 譥 [U+8B65] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 譧 → [U+8B67] |

## Translingual
### Han character

警 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+13 in traditional Chinese, 言+12 in simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 20 strokes in traditional Chinese, 19 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿大卜一口 (TKYMR), four-corner 4860$_1$, composition ⿱敬言)

#### Derived characters

* 𫬺

#### Related characters

* 儆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1183, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35989
* Dae Jaweon: page 1645, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4017, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8B66

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 警
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蟼 | *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ |
| 憼 | *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ |
| 驚 | *kreŋ |
| 警 | *kreŋʔ |
| 儆 | *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs |
| 璥 | *keŋʔ |
| 檠 | *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs |
| 敬 | *kreŋs |
| 擎 | *ɡreŋ |
| 曔 | *ɡreŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreŋʔ): phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 言 (“spoken language, speech”).

### Etymology

Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007); the sense "to be on guard" is the endoactive of 驚 (OC *kreŋ). See there for more.
儆 (OC *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs, “to warn; to guard against”) is the same word.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐng (jing$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kín
    (Hailu, HRS): gin$^ˊ$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kèng / kéng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng$^6$ / gêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^3$
*** Yale: jǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^2$
*** Yale: gíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
*** Tâi-lô: kìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
*** Tâi-lô: kíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keang
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêng$^6$ / gêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng / kéng
*** Sinological IPA : /keŋ³⁵/, /keŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cin
*** MiniDict: cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kjaengX
Rime :
| Character | 警 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居影切 |
| Baxter | kjaengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 警 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǐng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjaeng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kreŋʔ/ |
| English | warn, admonish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 警 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6879 |
| Phonetic component | 敬 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 警 |
| Old Chinese | /*kreŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

警
* to warn; to admonish
    警告 ― jǐnggào ― to warn
* to be on the alert; to be vigilant
    警覺／警觉 ― jǐngjué ― vigilance
* intuitive; sharp; alert
* aphoristic; epigrammatic; witty
* alarm; alert; siren
    火警 ― huǒjǐng ― fire alarm
* Short for 警察 (jǐngchá, “police”).
    警車／警车 ― jǐngchē ― police car
    交通警 [Cantonese] ― gaau$^1$ tung$^1$ ging$^2$ [Jyutping] ― traffic police

### Compounds

* 交警 (jiāojǐng)
* 以一警百
* 保安警察
* 便衣警察
* 保警
* 公路警察
* 出警入蹕 / 出警入跸
* 刑事警察 (xíngshì jǐngchá)
* 刑警 (xíngjǐng)
* 刑警隊 / 刑警队
* 制服警察
* 劣化警報 / 劣化警报
* 司法警察 (sīfǎ jǐngchá)
* 告警
* 員警 / 员警 (yuánjǐng)
* 報警 / 报警 (bàojǐng)
* 女警 (nǚjǐng)
* 察警
* 專業警察 / 专业警察
* 崗警 / 岗警
* 懲一警百 / 惩一警百 (chéngyījǐngbǎi)
* 拉警報 / 拉警报
* 振警愚頑 / 振警愚顽
* 撞警鐘 / 撞警钟
* 晏開之警 / 晏开之警
* 機警 / 机警 (jījǐng)
* 檢警合一 / 检警合一
* 武警 (wǔjǐng)
* 殲一警百 / 歼一警百
* 水上警察 (shuǐshàng jǐngchá)
* 法警 (fǎjǐng)
* 港警 (gǎngjǐng)
* 火警 (huǒjǐng)
* 煙火之警 / 烟火之警
* 特警 (tèjǐng)
* 犬吠之警
* 狗吠之警
* 獄警 / 狱警 (yùjǐng)
* 示警 (shìjǐng)
* 祕密警察 / 秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)
* 空氣警報 / 空气警报
* 空襲警報 / 空袭警报
* 經濟警察 / 经济警察
* 緊急警報 / 紧急警报
* 義勇警察 / 义勇警察
* 義警 / 义警
* 行政警察
* 觸目警心 / 触目警心
* 誅一警百 / 诛一警百
* 警世 (jǐngshì)
* 警世通言
* 警世鐘 / 警世钟
* 警候
* 警備 / 警备 (jǐngbèi)
* 警備區 / 警备区
* 警備森嚴 / 警备森严
* 警兆
* 警動 / 警动
* 警務 / 警务 (jǐngwù)
* 警務處 / 警务处
* 警勤區 / 警勤区
* 警句 (jǐngjù)
* 警告 (jǐnggào)
* 警告啟事 / 警告启事
* 警告牌
* 警員 / 警员 (jǐngyuán)
* 警報 / 警报 (jǐngbào)
* 警報器 / 警报器 (jǐngbàoqì)
* 警官 (jǐngguān)
* 警官學校 / 警官学校
* 警察 (jǐngchá)
* 警察制度
* 警察勤務 / 警察勤务
* 警察學 / 警察学
* 警察學校 / 警察学校
* 警察局 (jǐngchájú)
* 警察權 / 警察权
* 警察節 / 警察节
* 警局 (jǐngjú)
* 警心滌慮 / 警心涤虑
* 警惕 (jǐngtì)
* 警戒 (jǐngjiè)
* 警戒線 / 警戒线 (jǐngjièxiàn)
* 警戒色
* 警探 (jǐngtàn)
* 警政
* 警政署
* 警暴 (jǐngbào)
* 警枕
* 警校 (jǐngxiào)
* 警械
* 警標 / 警标
* 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
* 警眾 / 警众
* 警示 (jǐngshì)
* 警笛 (jǐngdí)
* 警策
* 警網 / 警网
* 警號 / 警号
* 警衛 / 警卫 (jǐngwèi)
* 警覺 / 警觉 (jǐngjué)
* 警角
* 警訊 / 警讯 (jǐngxùn)
* 警語 / 警语
* 警蹕 / 警跸
* 警車 / 警车 (jǐngchē)
* 警巡 (jǐngxún)
* 警醒 (jǐngxǐng)
* 警鈴 / 警铃
* 警鐘 / 警钟 (jǐngzhōng)
* 警鴿 / 警鸽
* 警鼓
* 跑警報 / 跑警报
* 路警
* 軍事警察 / 军事警察
* 軍法警察 / 军法警察
* 軍警 / 军警
* 巡警 (xúnjǐng)
* 違警 / 违警 (wéijǐng)
* 違警罰法 / 违警罚法
* 邊警 / 边警
* 鎮暴警察 / 镇暴警察
* 鐵路警察 / 铁路警察
* 門警 / 门警 (ménjǐng)
* 預警 / 预警 (yùjǐng)
* 颱風警報 / 台风警报
* 駐衛警察 / 驻卫警察
* 駐警 / 驻警
* 鶴警 / 鹤警

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* admonish
* commandment

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
* Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 警める)

## Korean
### Hanja

警 (eumhun 경계할 경 (gyeonggyehal gyeong))
* hanja form of 경 (“guard, watch”)
* hanja form of 경 (“alert, alarm”)

#### Compounds

* 경계 (警戒, gyeonggye, “being alert; vigilant”)
* 경호 (警護, gyeongho, “bodyguard”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

警: Hán Nôm readings: cảnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.