# ܚܪܒܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

From Aramaic חַרְבׇּא (ḥarbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “javelin; spearhead”), Hebrew חֶרֶב (khérev, “sword; war; ploughshare”) and Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum, “specialized plow used to physically break apart solid soil, opposed to other weaker types used to merely draw furrows to drop seeds in”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [xɪr.bɑː]

#### Adjective

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (feminine ܚܪܸܒܬܵܐ (ḥribtā), plural ܚܸܪܒܹܐ (ḥirbē))
* desolate, deserted, barren
** Matthew 23:38:
    ܗܵܐ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܫܒܝܼܩܵܐ ܒܲܝܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ.hā pyāšā ìlēh šbīqā baytāwḵōn ḥirbā illāwḵōn.Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
* desert, dry, arid, waterless
* (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
* rotten

### Etymology 2

Probably Borrowed from Northern Kurdish xirab.

#### Pronunciation 1

* (Standard) IPA: [xɪr.bɑː]

#### Adjective

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (invariable)
* bad
    Antonyms: ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ṭāḇā), ܨܦܵܝܝܼ (ṣpāyī)
    Coordinate terms: (comparitive) ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ (yatīr ḥirbā, “worse”), (superlative) ܣܸܪܝܵܐ (siryā, “worst”)
    ܟܠ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܕܥܵܒ݂ܕܝܼ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ.kul mindī dˁāḇdī yan rābā ḥirbā ìlēh yan rābā ṭāḇā ìlēh.Everything they do is either very bad or very good.

#### Pronunciation 2

* (Standard) IPA: [xar.bɑː]

#### Noun

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē))
* javelin, spearhead
* ploughshare
* spearpoint, gunpoint
    ܡܵܢܝܼ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܒ݂ܝܼܩܘܼܟ݂ ܠܚܲܪܒܵܐ؟ ― Who is holding you at gunpoint?
* defeat, loss

##### Inflection
#### Proper noun

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m
* (astronomy) name of a comet

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܚ ܪ ܒ related to ruining, from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈħar.bɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈxar.bɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈħɑr.bo]

### Adjective

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܪܒܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܪܒܬܐ)
* desolate, deserted, barren
** Peshitta, Matthew 23:38:
    ܗܐ ܡܫܬܒܩ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܝܬܟܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ.hā meštəḇeq ləḵōn baytəḵōn ḥarbā.Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
* desert, dry, arid, waterless
* (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
* rotten

#### Inflection
### Noun

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) c (plural ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbē))
* sword, dagger, blade
** Peshitta, Matthew 10:34:
    ܠܐ ܬܣܒܪܘܢ ܕܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ. ܠܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚܪܒܐ.lā ṯesbərūn də-ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā ḇə-ʾarʿā: lā ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā, ʾellā ḥarbā.Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.
    Synonyms: ܣܝܦܐ (saypā), ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sêrā)
* spearpoint
* ploughshare/plowshare, plough/plow
** Peshitta, Luke 9:62:
    ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܝܫܘܥ. ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܪܡܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܥܠ ܚܪܒܐ ܕܦܕܢܐ. ܘܚܐܪ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܚܫܚ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ.ʾāmar lēh yəšūʿ, lā [ʾ]nāš rāmē ʾīḏēh ʿal ḥarbā ḏə-p̄addānā, wə-ḥāʾar lə-ḇestərēh wə-ḥāšaḥ lə-malkūṯēh də-ʾălāhā.And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.
* killing, slaughter
    Synonym: ܩܛܠܐ (qeṭlā)
* war
    Synonyms: ܩܪܒܐ (qərāḇā), ܕܪܐ (darrā)
* defeat, loss
* ravaging, devastating, destroying, ruining
* devastation, destruction
* desolation, emptiness
* avenging, vengeance

#### Descendants

* → Old Armenian: խարբ (xarb)
* →⇒ Old Georgian: მეხარბე (mexarbe)

### Proper noun

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m
* (astronomy) name of a comet

### References

* “ḥrb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-27
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 115b–116a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 155b–156a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 486a–b