# دارو
## Chagatai
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دارو (dâru, “medicine, drug, gunpowder”), itself derived from Middle Persian dʾlwkˈ (dārūg, “drug, medicament”).

### Noun

دارو (dārū) (plural دارولار)
* medicine, drug

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دارو (dārū, “medicine, drug, gunpowder”), itself derived from Middle Persian dʾlwkˈ (dārūg, “drug, medicament”). The sense of "alcohol" is semantically influenced by Hindustani.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑˈru/

### Noun

دارو • (dârû) m
* (slang) alcohol
* (rare) medicine, drug (medication), medication

#### Synonyms

* درمل (darmal)

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾlwkˈ /⁠dārūg⁠/, “drug, medicament”), perhaps from Proto-Iranian *dā́rukah (“tree, wood”). Compare Parthian 𐫅𐫀𐫓𐫇𐫃 (dʾlwg /⁠dālūg⁠/, “plant, tree”). Unrelated to English drug.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dɑː.ˈɾuː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑː.ɾúː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑː.ɾúː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɑː.ɾúː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ɔː.ɾú]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪ɒː.ɹúː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɔ.ɾú]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

دارو • (dâru) (plural داروها (dâru-hâ))
* medicine, drug, medication
    Synonyms: دوا (davâ), درمان (darmân)
    Antonyms: سم (samm), زهر (zahr)
    دارو اثر کرد. ― dâru asar kard. ― The drug was effective.
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1938:مهربانی شد شکار شیر مرد در جهان دارو نجوید غیر دردmihrabānī šud šikār-i šēr mard dar jahān dārū na-jōyad ğayr-i dardLovingkindness is fallen a prey to the valiant (holy) man, (for) medicine seeks naught in the world but the pain (which it should cure).
* gunpowder

#### Derived terms

* دارویی / داروئی (dâruyi)
* داروخانه (dâruxâne)
* داروساز (dârusâz)
* داروسازی (dârusâzi)

#### Descendants

* → Kazakh: дәрі (därı), дәру (däru)
* → Kyrgyz: дары (darı)
* → Bengali: দারু (daru)
* → Chakma: 𑄘𑄢𑄪 (dāru)
* → Gujarati: દારૂ (dārū)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: दारू (dārū)
    Urdu: دارو (dārū)
* → Marathi: दारू (dārū)
* → Odia: ଦାରୁ (dāru)
* → Pashto: دارو (dârû)
* → Uyghur: دورا (dora)

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 359

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “دارو”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَارُو (dārū, “medicine, drug, gunpowder”), itself derived from Middle Persian dʾlwkˈ (dārūg, “drug, medicament”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ɑː.ɾuː/

#### Noun

دارو • (dārū) f (Hindi spelling दारू)
* (health) medicine, drug, medication
* remedy, cure
* liquor, spirits, alcohol
* wine
* gunpowder

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit दारु (dāru), from Sanskrit root दृ (dṛ). Cognate with Ancient Greek δρῦς (drûs), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /dāruv/), Old English trēow (whence English tree).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ɑː.ɾuː/

#### Noun

دارو • (dāru) m (Hindi spelling दारु)
* wood
* timber