# 火車
## Chinese

* 火車 (Eastern Min)
* 火車 (Gan)
* Fó-chhâ (Hakka)
* 火車 (Classical)
* hóe-chhia (Southern Min)
* 火車 (Wu)
* 火車 (Cantonese)
* 火車 (消歧義) (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology
#### “train”

    First attested in 美理哥合省國志略 [1838] by Elijah Coleman Bridgman, perhaps modelled on already-existing 火船, or shortened from 火烝車／火烝车, attested in the same work. It is likely not a shortening of 火輪車／火轮车 (huǒlúnchē), which was attested later than 火車 / 火车.

#### “East Rail Line”

    For a long time in history, the Kowloon-Canton Railway, which its Hong Kong section would later be renamed the KCR East Rail and then East Rail Line after merger with MTR, was the only intercity railway line in Hong Kong.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huǒchē
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄜ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ho$^3$ ce$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): huòchě
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): hǒchè
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуәчә (huəčə, II-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fo$^2$ ce$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): fo$^2$ coe$^{1-0}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fo$^2$ cie$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'fo$^3$ ca$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fó-chhâ
    (Hailu, HRS): fo$^ˊ$ cha$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^3$ ca$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hue$^2$ ce$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hǒ-chiá
* Eastern Min (BUC): huōi-chiă
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hue$^3$ cia$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hé-chhia / hér-chhia / hóe-chhia
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huê$^2$ cia$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hu$^2$ ce$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$hu-tsho$_1$ / $^5$hou$_3$-tsho$_1$ / $^3$hu-tsho$_1$ / $^3$ho-tshuei$_1$ / $^3$hou-tsho$_1$
** (Jinhua): $^3$huo-chiaa$_1$
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ho$^3$ che$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): huo$^3$ qio$^{1*}$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huǒchē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huǒche
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^3$-chʻê$^1$
*** Yale: hwǒ-chē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huooche
*** Palladius: хочэ (xočɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (火車兒 / 火车儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huǒchēr
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄜㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huǒcher
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^3$-chʻê$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: hwǒ-chēr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huooche'l
*** Palladius: хочэр (xočɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ho$^3$ ce$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xoce
*** Sinological IPA : /xo⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: huòchě
*** Sinological IPA : /xuo⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: hǒchè [Phonetic: hóchè]
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ho$^3$ che$^1$ [Phonetic: ho$^2$ che$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /xo¹¹⁻¹² ʈ͡ʂʰe³¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуәчә (huəčə, II-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xuə⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^2$ ce$^1$
*** Yale: fó chē
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^2$ tse$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^2$ cé$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː³⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: fo$^2$ coe$^{1-0}$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔ³⁵ t͡sʰø²¹³⁻⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fo$^2$ cie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fᵘɔ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiɛ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'fo$^3$ ca$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈfo²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰa⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fó-chhâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo$^ˋ$ ca$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fo$^3$ ca$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo³¹ t͡sʰa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo$^ˊ$ cha$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^3$ ca$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo³¹ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hue$^2$ ce$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁵³ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǒ-chiá
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²¹ t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huōi-chiă
*** Sinological IPA : /hui³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒia⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hue$^3$ cia$^1$ [Phonetic: hue$^5$ lia$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hôi-chia
*** Sinological IPA : /huei⁴⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$lia⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hue$^3$ cia$^1$ [Phonetic: hue$^5$ lia$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /huei³³²⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$lia⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hé-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: hé-tshia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hefchiaf
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /he⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hér-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: hér-tshia
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /hə⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /hə⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung, Penang, Medan, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóe-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: hué-tshia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoefchiaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /hue⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰia³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /hue⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huê$^2$ cia$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hué tshia
*** Sinological IPA : /hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: hu$^2$ ce$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³³ t͡sʰe⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hu-tsho$_1$
*** MiniDict: hu$^去$ tsho$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$hu-tsho$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hu³³ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hou$_3$-tsho$_1$
*** MiniDict: hou$^上$ tsho$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /həu⁵² t͡sʰo³³/
** (Northern: Chongming, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^3$hu-tsho$_1$
*** MiniDict: hu$^上$ tsho$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /hu⁴² t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /hu⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^3$ho-tshuei$_1$
*** MiniDict: ho$^上$ tshuei$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ho⁵⁵ t͡sʰzʷei²¹/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^3$hou-tsho$_1$
*** MiniDict: hou$^上$ tsho$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /həu³³ t͡sʰo³⁵/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^3$huo-chiaa$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /huɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰia³³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ho$^3$ che$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /xo⁴¹ t͡sʰɤ̞³³/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: huo$^3$ qio$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊ⁴² t͡ɕʰi̯ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/
* Middle Chinese: xwaX tsyhae
Rime :
| Character | 火 | 車 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 呼果切 | 尺遮切 |
| Baxter | xwaX | tsyhae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwa$^X$/ | /cʰia/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huǒ | chē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fo$^2$ | ce$^1$ |

### Noun

火車
* train (Classifier: 列 m; 架 c; 節／节 m; 班 m c; 趟 m; 隻／只 mn-t)
    城際火車／城际火车 ― chéngjì huǒchē ― intercity train
       Tā chàdiǎn méi gǎnshàng huǒchē. [Pinyin]
       He nearly missed the train.
       Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù Shànghǎi. [Pinyin]
       I am going to Shanghai by train.
       Huǒchē sān diǎn kāi, nǐ xiànzài qù hái láidejí. [Pinyin]
       The train leaves at three. You can still make it if you go now.
* (historical) combat chariot carrying equipment for attack by fire
* (Buddhism) fiery chariot that sends a sinner to hell

#### Usage notes

* 火車／火车 refers to the train itself and to the mode of transportation, so it is used in terms related to the railway. 列車／列车 (lièchē) is sometimes used instead to follow technology development as trains are not steam powered anymore, but the term only refers to the train itself and cannot replace 火車／火车 in the previous term.
* Sometimes high-speed trains (高鐵 / 高铁 (gāotiě)) are excluded when referring 火車／火车 only.

#### Synonyms

* (train):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 火車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 火車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 火車 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 火車 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 火車 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 火車 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 火車 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 火車 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 火車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 火車 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 火車 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 火車 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 火車 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 火車 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 火車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 火車兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 火車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 火車 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 火車 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 火車 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 火車 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 火車 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 火車 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 火車 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 火車 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 火車 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 火車 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 火車 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 火車 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 火車 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 火車 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 火車 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 火車 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 火車 |
| Jin | Datong | 火車 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 火車 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 火車 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 火車 |
| Jin | Linhe | 火車 |
| Jin | Jining | 火車 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 火車 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 火車 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 火車 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 火車 |
| Jin | Handan | 火車 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 火車 |
| Jin | Suide | 火車 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 火車 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 火車 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 火車 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 火車 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 火車 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 火車 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 火車 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 火車 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 火車 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 火車 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 火車 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 火車 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 火車 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 火車 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 火車 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 火車 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 火車 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 火車 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 火車 |
| Xiang | Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) | 火車 |

#### Hypernyms

* (train): 交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)

#### Derived terms

* 子彈火車 / 子弹火车 (zǐdàn huǒchē, “bullet train”)
* 氣墊火車 / 气垫火车
* 火車便當 / 火车便当 (huǒchē biàndāng)
* 火車墿 / 火车𰉣
* 火車票 / 火车票 (huǒchēpiào, “train ticket”)
* 火車站 / 火车站 (huǒchēzhàn, “train station”)
* 火車蟲 / 火车虫
* 火車路 / 火车路 (huǒchēlù)
* 火車頭 / 火车头 (huǒchētóu, “locomotive”)
* 火車頭工業 / 火车头工业
* 磁浮火車 / 磁浮火车
* 開火車 / 开火车 (kāi huǒchē)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 火(か)車(しゃ) (kasha)
* → Korean: 화차(火車) (hwacha, “hwacha”)
* → Vietnamese: hỏa xa (火車)
Others:
* → Bouyei: hojcey
* → Malay: kereta api (calque)
** Indonesian: kereta api
* → Mongolian: галт тэрэг (galt tereg) (calque)
* → Thai: รถไฟ (rót-fai) (calque)
* → Tibetan: མེ་འཁོར (me 'khor) (calque)
* → Zhuang: hojceh, → cifeiz (calque)
* → Vietnamese: xe lửa (calque)

#### See also

* 地鐵／地铁 (dìtiě)
* 動車／动车 (dòngchē)
* 高鐵／高铁 (gāotiě)
* 列車／列车 (lièchē)
* 鐵路／铁路 (tiělù)

### Proper noun

火車
* (Hong Kong, colloquial, somewhat dated) East Rail line

### Further reading

* (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “火車”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 火 | 車 |
| か Grade: 1 | しゃ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* (yōkai): 化車

### Etymology

/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車 / 火车 (huǒchē).
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit [Term?] or an original Chinese Buddhist concept?”

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɕa̠]

### Noun

火(か)車(しゃ) • (kasha)
* (Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle
    Synonym: 火の車 (hi no kuruma)
* a burning fire in the shape of a wheel
* Short for 火車婆 (kasha-baba): a powerful, evil old hag
* (folklore) a yōkai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds
* a steam locomotive; by extension, a train
    Synonym: 汽車 (kisha)
** 1994 February 4, “Pekin chippu shidai? [Does one tip in Beijing?]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 7:
    日(に)本(ほん)の二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)倍(ばい)の面(めん)積(せき)がある中(ちゅう)国(ごく)だけに、火(か)車(しゃ)（汽(き)車(しゃ)）の旅(たび)は長(なが)い、長(なが)い。わが支(し)局(きょく)の中(ちゅう)国(ごく)人(じん)女(じょ)性(せい)スタッフの場(ば)合(あい)、故(ふる)郷(さと)の蘭(ラン)州(シュウ)まで三(さん)十(じゅう)二(に)時(じ)間(かん)かかる。
       Nihon no nijūrokubai no menseki ga aru Chūgoku dake ni, kasha (kisha) no tabi wa nagai, nagai. Waga shikyoku no Chūgoku-jin josei sutaffu no bāi, furusato no Ranshū made sanjūni jikan kakaru.
       Only in China, which is 26 times the size of Japan, does one experience such long, long travel by locomotive (steam train). For example one Chinese staffer in our office takes 32 hours to reach her hometown in Lanzhou.
* Alternative spelling of 花車 (kasha): a woman who manages and supervises prostitutes

#### Derived terms

* 火(か)車(しゃ)婆(ばば) (kasha-baba)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 火 | 車 |

### Noun

火車 • (hwacha) (hangeul 화차)
* hanja form of 화차 (“hwacha”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 火 | 車 |

### Noun

火車
* chữ Hán form of hỏa xa (“train”).