# parka
## English
### Alternative forms

* parkee
* parki

### Etymology

1780, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka). Perhaps from Proto-Uralic; see dialectal Finnish parka (“rag, swaddling clothes”), which may be a cognate from Proto-Uralic, or an early borrowing from another Uralic language.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈpɑɹkə/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɑːkə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kə
* Homophone: Parker (non-rhotic)

### Noun

parka (plural parkas)
* (clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.
** 2002 January 3, James Meek, London Review of Books:Basir tended to wear a beige suede parka over his shalwar kameez.

#### Derived terms

* packing parka
* parka squirrel
* snorkel parka

#### Descendants

* → Afrikaans: parka
* → Chinese: 派克 (pàikè)
* → Dutch: parka
* → Finnish: parka
* → French: parka
* → German: Parka
* → Italian: parka
* → Japanese: パーカ (pāka)
* → Korean: 파카 (paka)
* → Polish: parka
* → Spanish: parka
* → Swedish: parkas
* → Turkish: parka

#### Translations
### See also

* anorak
* windcheater
* parka on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ “parka”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* ↑ “parka”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* ↑ Webs of Words: New Studies in Historical Lexicology (2010), p. 147, p. 171

## Aleut
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian па́рка (párka).

### Noun

parka
* parka, coat

#### Descendants

* → English: parka (see there for further descendants)

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian парка (parka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈparka]
* Hyphenation: par‧ka

### Noun

parka f
* parka

#### See also

* bunda

### Further reading

* “parka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “parka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑrkɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rkɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑrkɑ
* Hyphenation: par‧ka

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps an old cognate of the internationalism parka (“a sort of jacket”). If so, a loan from Tundra Nenets or, less likely, inherited from Proto-Uralic.

#### Noun

parka
* poor thing, someone pitiful
    Synonyms: polo, poloinen, raasu, raukka, raukkaparka
    poikaparka ― poor boy
    tyttöparka ― poor girl
    miesparka ― poor man
    naisparka ― poor woman
    Voi parkaa! ― (Oh,) poor thing!
* (dialectal) rag, swaddling of clothes

##### Declension

Possessive forms of parka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkani
parkani
accusative
nom.
parkani
parkani
gen.
parkani
genitive
parkani
parkojeni parkaini $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaani
parkojani
inessive
parassani
paroissani
elative
parastani
paroistani
illative
parkaani
parkoihini
adessive
parallani
paroillani
ablative
paraltani
paroiltani
allative
paralleni
paroilleni
essive
parkanani
parkoinani
translative
parakseni
paroikseni
abessive
parattani
paroittani
instructive
comitative
—parkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkasi
parkasi
accusative
nom.
parkasi
parkasi
gen.
parkasi
genitive
parkasi
parkojesi parkaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaasi
parkojasi
inessive
parassasi
paroissasi
elative
parastasi
paroistasi
illative
parkaasi
parkoihisi
adessive
parallasi
paroillasi
ablative
paraltasi
paroiltasi
allative
parallesi
paroillesi
essive
parkanasi
parkoinasi
translative
paraksesi
paroiksesi
abessive
parattasi
paroittasi
instructive
comitative
—parkoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkamme
parkamme
accusative
nom.
parkamme
parkamme
gen.
parkamme
genitive
parkamme
parkojemme parkaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaamme
parkojamme
inessive
parassamme
paroissamme
elative
parastamme
paroistamme
illative
parkaamme
parkoihimme
adessive
parallamme
paroillamme
ablative
paraltamme
paroiltamme
allative
parallemme
paroillemme
essive
parkanamme
parkoinamme
translative
paraksemme
paroiksemme
abessive
parattamme
paroittamme
instructive
comitative
—parkoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkanne
parkanne
accusative
nom.
parkanne
parkanne
gen.
parkanne
genitive
parkanne
parkojenne parkainne $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaanne
parkojanne
inessive
parassanne
paroissanne
elative
parastanne
paroistanne
illative
parkaanne
parkoihinne
adessive
parallanne
paroillanne
ablative
paraltanne
paroiltanne
allative
parallenne
paroillenne
essive
parkananne
parkoinanne
translative
paraksenne
paroiksenne
abessive
parattanne
paroittanne
instructive
comitative
—parkoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkansa
parkansa
accusative
nom.
parkansa
parkansa
gen.
parkansa
genitive
parkansa
parkojensa parkainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaansa
parkojaan parkojansa
inessive
parassaan parassansa
paroissaan paroissansa
elative
parastaan parastansa
paroistaan paroistansa
illative
parkaansa
parkoihinsa
adessive
parallaan parallansa
paroillaan paroillansa
ablative
paraltaan paraltansa
paroiltaan paroiltansa
allative
paralleen parallensa
paroilleen paroillensa
essive
parkanaan parkanansa
parkoinaan parkoinansa
translative
parakseen paraksensa
paroikseen paroiksensa
abessive
parattaan parattansa
paroittaan paroittansa
instructive
comitative
—parkoineen parkoinensa :

##### Derived terms

* ihmisparka
* lapsiparka
* miesparka
* piruparka
* poikaparka
* tyttöparka

#### Further reading

* “1. parka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

Internationalism (compare English parka). From Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka). Possibly related to parka (etymology 1; see there for more).

#### Noun

parka
* parka

##### Declension

Possessive forms of parka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkani
parkani
accusative
nom.
parkani
parkani
gen.
parkani
genitive
parkani
parkojeni parkaini $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaani
parkojani
inessive
parkassani
parkoissani
elative
parkastani
parkoistani
illative
parkaani
parkoihini
adessive
parkallani
parkoillani
ablative
parkaltani
parkoiltani
allative
parkalleni
parkoilleni
essive
parkanani
parkoinani
translative
parkakseni
parkoikseni
abessive
parkattani
parkoittani
instructive
comitative
—parkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkasi
parkasi
accusative
nom.
parkasi
parkasi
gen.
parkasi
genitive
parkasi
parkojesi parkaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaasi
parkojasi
inessive
parkassasi
parkoissasi
elative
parkastasi
parkoistasi
illative
parkaasi
parkoihisi
adessive
parkallasi
parkoillasi
ablative
parkaltasi
parkoiltasi
allative
parkallesi
parkoillesi
essive
parkanasi
parkoinasi
translative
parkaksesi
parkoiksesi
abessive
parkattasi
parkoittasi
instructive
comitative
—parkoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkamme
parkamme
accusative
nom.
parkamme
parkamme
gen.
parkamme
genitive
parkamme
parkojemme parkaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaamme
parkojamme
inessive
parkassamme
parkoissamme
elative
parkastamme
parkoistamme
illative
parkaamme
parkoihimme
adessive
parkallamme
parkoillamme
ablative
parkaltamme
parkoiltamme
allative
parkallemme
parkoillemme
essive
parkanamme
parkoinamme
translative
parkaksemme
parkoiksemme
abessive
parkattamme
parkoittamme
instructive
comitative
—parkoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkanne
parkanne
accusative
nom.
parkanne
parkanne
gen.
parkanne
genitive
parkanne
parkojenne parkainne $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaanne
parkojanne
inessive
parkassanne
parkoissanne
elative
parkastanne
parkoistanne
illative
parkaanne
parkoihinne
adessive
parkallanne
parkoillanne
ablative
parkaltanne
parkoiltanne
allative
parkallenne
parkoillenne
essive
parkananne
parkoinanne
translative
parkaksenne
parkoiksenne
abessive
parkattanne
parkoittanne
instructive
comitative
—parkoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parkansa
parkansa
accusative
nom.
parkansa
parkansa
gen.
parkansa
genitive
parkansa
parkojensa parkainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
parkaansa
parkojaan parkojansa
inessive
parkassaan parkassansa
parkoissaan parkoissansa
elative
parkastaan parkastansa
parkoistaan parkoistansa
illative
parkaansa
parkoihinsa
adessive
parkallaan parkallansa
parkoillaan parkoillansa
ablative
parkaltaan parkaltansa
parkoiltaan parkoiltansa
allative
parkalleen parkallensa
parkoilleen parkoillensa
essive
parkanaan parkanansa
parkoinaan parkoinansa
translative
parkakseen parkaksensa
parkoikseen parkoiksensa
abessive
parkattaan parkattansa
parkoittaan parkoittansa
instructive
comitative
—parkoineen parkoinensa :

#### Further reading

* “2. parka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### References

* ↑ Janhunen, Juha. 1988. "Lisiä samojedilaisen vaatetustermin vaiheisiin". Virittäjä 92/1: 88–91.

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

parka m or f (plural parkas)
* parka

### Further reading

* “parka”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latvian
### Noun

parka m
* genitive singular of parks

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈparka/

### Noun

parka
* inflection of park:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative dual

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpar.ka/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈpar.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arka
* Syllabification: par‧ka

### Etymology 1

From para (“couple”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

#### Noun

parka f
* diminutive of para

### Etymology 2

From para (“steam”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

#### Noun

parka f
* (rare) diminutive of para
* (Lasovia) Synonym of prażucha

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English parka, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka).

#### Noun

parka f
* parka (heavy weatherproof jacket)

### Etymology 4

Learned borrowing from Latin Parca.

#### Noun

parka f
* (Roman mythology) Parca (one of the Fates)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* parka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* parka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “parka”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 264

## Spanish
### Noun

parka f (plural parkas)
* parka

### Further reading

* “parka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10