# stigma
## English
### Alternative forms

* stigmat (Anglicised long stem)
* stigmate
* stigme (Anglicised short stem, obsolete, rare)

### Etymology 1

From Latin stigma, from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “brand”), from στίζω (stízō, “I mark”). Distantly related to stick.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɪɡmə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪɡmə

#### Noun

stigma (plural stigmata or stigmas)
* A mark of infamy or disgrace.
    stigma of mental health disorders
** (figurative) A discriminatory attitude. [2000?–]
    stigma towards mental health
* A scar or birthmark.
* (Christianity, chiefly in the plural stigmata) A mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus's body, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically.
* (literary, figurative) An outward sign; an indication.
** 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 65:Bradly scowled - the stigmata of alarm. What ultimate threat to his peace and privacy did this dropping in by young Podson imply?
* (botany) The sticky part of a flower that receives pollen during pollination.
    Synonym: (obsolete) summit
** 1905, Maude Gridley Peterson, How to Know Wild Fruits: A Guide to Plants When Not in Flower by Means of Fruit and Leaf‎, Macmillan, page 202:Black crowberry. Empetrum nigrum. Crowberry Family. Fruit. — The black drupe is berrylike, globular, and incloses six to nine seedlike nutlets with a seed in each. The calyx is at the base and the stigma is at the apex. The drupes are solitary in the leaf axils. They are juicy, acid, edible, and serve as food for the Arctic birds.
** 1982, Dennis Linde (lyrics and music), “Reproduction”, in Grease 2:Now you see just how the stamen gets its lusty dust onto the stigma / And why this frenzied chlorophyllous orgy starts in spring is no enigma!
* (medicine) A visible sign or characteristic of a disease.

##### Derived terms

* orbicular stigma
* social stigma
* stigmatic
* stigmatize
* stigmatose

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Partly from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark, sign”), and partly from the acrophonic value of its initial st- as well as the analogy with the name of sigma.

#### Noun

stigma (plural stigmas)
* (typography) A ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, (Ϛ/ϛ).

##### Translations
### Further reading

* “stigma”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “stigma”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* stigma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* stigmata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* stigma (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* mistag

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin stigma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstɪɡma]
* Hyphenation: stig‧ma

### Noun

stigma n
* stigma, stain

#### Declension
## Danish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “brand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stiːma/, [ˈsd̥iːma] or IPA: /stikma/, [ˈsd̥iɡ̊ma]

### Noun

stigma n (singular definite stigmaet, plural indefinite stigmata)
* stigma

#### Related terms

* stigmatisere ("stigmatize")
* stigmatisering ("stigmatization")

#### Further reading

* stigma on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin stigma, from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stigma n (plural stigma's or stigmata, diminutive stigmaatje n)
* stigma (mark of infamy or disgrace)
* (Christianity) stigma (wound on Christ's body)
* stigma (Greek ligature)

#### Derived terms

* stigmatisch
* stigmatiseren

### Further reading

* stigma on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English stigma), ultimately from Latin stigma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstiɡmɑ/, [ˈs̠tiɡmɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -iɡmɑ
* Hyphenation: stig‧ma

### Noun

stigma
* stigma

#### Declension

Possessive forms of stigma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stigmani
stigmani
accusative
nom.
stigmani
stigmani
gen.
stigmani
genitive
stigmani
stigmojeni stigmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
stigmaani
stigmojani
inessive
stigmassani
stigmoissani
elative
stigmastani
stigmoistani
illative
stigmaani
stigmoihini
adessive
stigmallani
stigmoillani
ablative
stigmaltani
stigmoiltani
allative
stigmalleni
stigmoilleni
essive
stigmanani
stigmoinani
translative
stigmakseni
stigmoikseni
abessive
stigmattani
stigmoittani
instructive
comitative
—stigmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stigmasi
stigmasi
accusative
nom.
stigmasi
stigmasi
gen.
stigmasi
genitive
stigmasi
stigmojesi stigmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
stigmaasi
stigmojasi
inessive
stigmassasi
stigmoissasi
elative
stigmastasi
stigmoistasi
illative
stigmaasi
stigmoihisi
adessive
stigmallasi
stigmoillasi
ablative
stigmaltasi
stigmoiltasi
allative
stigmallesi
stigmoillesi
essive
stigmanasi
stigmoinasi
translative
stigmaksesi
stigmoiksesi
abessive
stigmattasi
stigmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—stigmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stigmamme
stigmamme
accusative
nom.
stigmamme
stigmamme
gen.
stigmamme
genitive
stigmamme
stigmojemme stigmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
stigmaamme
stigmojamme
inessive
stigmassamme
stigmoissamme
elative
stigmastamme
stigmoistamme
illative
stigmaamme
stigmoihimme
adessive
stigmallamme
stigmoillamme
ablative
stigmaltamme
stigmoiltamme
allative
stigmallemme
stigmoillemme
essive
stigmanamme
stigmoinamme
translative
stigmaksemme
stigmoiksemme
abessive
stigmattamme
stigmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—stigmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stigmanne
stigmanne
accusative
nom.
stigmanne
stigmanne
gen.
stigmanne
genitive
stigmanne
stigmojenne stigmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
stigmaanne
stigmojanne
inessive
stigmassanne
stigmoissanne
elative
stigmastanne
stigmoistanne
illative
stigmaanne
stigmoihinne
adessive
stigmallanne
stigmoillanne
ablative
stigmaltanne
stigmoiltanne
allative
stigmallenne
stigmoillenne
essive
stigmananne
stigmoinanne
translative
stigmaksenne
stigmoiksenne
abessive
stigmattanne
stigmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—stigmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stigmansa
stigmansa
accusative
nom.
stigmansa
stigmansa
gen.
stigmansa
genitive
stigmansa
stigmojensa stigmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
stigmaansa
stigmojaan stigmojansa
inessive
stigmassaan stigmassansa
stigmoissaan stigmoissansa
elative
stigmastaan stigmastansa
stigmoistaan stigmoistansa
illative
stigmaansa
stigmoihinsa
adessive
stigmallaan stigmallansa
stigmoillaan stigmoillansa
ablative
stigmaltaan stigmaltansa
stigmoiltaan stigmoiltansa
allative
stigmalleen stigmallensa
stigmoilleen stigmoillensa
essive
stigmanaan stigmanansa
stigmoinaan stigmoinansa
translative
stigmakseen stigmaksensa
stigmoikseen stigmoiksensa
abessive
stigmattaan stigmattansa
stigmoittaan stigmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—stigmoineen stigmoinensa :

### Further reading

* “stigma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## French
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “brand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stiɡ.ma/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stigma m (plural stigmas)
* stigma (Greek letter)
    Contrairement à ce que l’œil pourrait laisser croire, stigma n’est pas un sigma final grec : en effet, c’est l’évolution de la ligature d’un sigma lunaire avec un tau.Contrary to how the eye might lead you to believe, stigma isn't a Greek terminal sigma: in effect, it's the evolution of the ligature of a lunate sigma with a tau.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin stigma, from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma).

### Noun

stigma m (plural stigmi)
* stigma (all senses)

### Noun

stigma m or f (invariable)
* stigma (Greek ligature)

#### Related terms

* stigmata
* stigmatizzare

### Further reading

* stigma$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* stigma$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈstiɡ.ma/, [ˈs̠t̪ɪɡmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈstiɡ.ma/, [ˈst̪iɡmä]

### Etymology 1

From the Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma).

#### Noun

stigma n (genitive stigmatis); third declension
* brand (burned mark, especially on a slave)

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

##### Derived terms

* distigmus

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: estigma
* → English: stigma, stigmat, stigme
* → French: stigmate
* → Galician: estigma
* → Irish: stiogma
* → Italian: stigma, stimma
* → Polish: stygmat
* → Portuguese: estigma
* → Romanian: stigmă
* → Spanish: estigma

### Etymology 2

Collateral form of stemma.

#### Noun

stigma n (genitive stigmatis); third declension
* medieval spelling of stemma

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### References

* “stigma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “stigma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "stigma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* stigma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “stigma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “2. stigma”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 991/2

## Swedish
### Noun

stigma n
* a stigma (something strongly looked down upon)
    att ha många barn har gått från stigma till statusto have many children has gone from stigma to status
* (Christianity, chiefly in the plural stigmata) a stigma

#### Usage notes

The Latin plural stigmata is usually only used in the Christian sense.

#### Related terms

* stigmatisera

### References

* stigma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* stigma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* stigma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English stigma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɪɡma/

### Noun

stigma m (plural stigmâu, not mutable)
* stigma, sign of disgrace
    Synonyms: gwarthnod, haearnod
* stigma, mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
* (botany) stigma
    Synonyms: nodyn, blaenig

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “stigma”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ “Cylchred bywyd planhigyn”, in Gwyddoniaeth — Pethau byw — Planhigion‎ (in Welsh), BBC Bitesize, 2024, archived from the original on 2024-02-07, retrieved 2024-02-07