OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# schyftynge
## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* schiftyng, schuftynge
* shifftinnꟑ (Ormulum)

### Etymology

From schiften +‎ -ing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃiftinɡ(ə)/

### Noun

schyftynge
* (rare) motion, going, departing.
* (rare) modification, alteration, the causing of difference.
* (rare) choosing, selection, judging.
* (rare) A set; a collection.

#### Descendants

* English: shifting

#### References

* “shifting(e, ger.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-05.
# Hafiz
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حافظ (ḥāfiẓ, “guardian, keeper”). This surname is predominantly found in Pakistan.

### Proper noun

Hafiz (plural Hafizes)
* A surname from Arabic.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Hafiz is the 38214th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 580 individuals. Hafiz is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (61.03%) and White (19.66%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Hafiz”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 111.

## Albanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ, “guardian, keeper”).

### Proper noun

Hafiz m
* (rare) a male given name from Arabic

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ, “guardian, keeper”).

### Proper noun

Hafiz
* a male given name from Arabic
# ridinnꟑ
## Middle English
### Noun

ridinnꟑ
* (Ormulum) Alternative form of rydyng
# বাহাস
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* বাহাছ (bahach), বহস (bohoś), বহাস (bohaś)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بحث (bahs), from Arabic بَحْث (baḥṯ). Compare Hindustani بحث / बहस (bahas).

### Noun

বাহাস • (bahaś)
* debate; dispute; controversy; discussion; altercation; argument.
** Mufakharul Islam
    এখন আর বাহাছ করতে পারব নাekhon ar bahach korote parob naI can no longer argue

#### Related terms

* বহস করা (bohoś kora)

### References

* Accessible Dictionary, “বহস, বহাস” Bengali-English, Government of Bangladesh
* Accessible Dictionary, “বাহাছ, বাহাস” Bengali-Bengali, Government of Bangladesh
# whelpen
## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* welpen
* hweolpen (Early Middle English)
* wellpenn (Ormulum)

### Etymology

From Old English hwelpian; equivalent to whelp +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhwɛlpən/
* (dialectal) IPA: /ˈwɛlpən/, /ˈxwɛlpən/

### Verb

whelpen
* (referring to animals) To give birth; to bear a litter or whelp.

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Descendants

* English: whelp

#### References

* “whelpen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-09.
# dinasionalisasikan
## Malay
### Etymology

Affixation of nasionalisasi +‎ di- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [di.na.si.o.na.li.sa.si.kan]
* Hyphenation: di‧na‧si‧o‧na‧li‧sa‧si‧kan

### Verb

dinasionalisasikan (Jawi spelling دناسيوناليساسيکن)
* Third-person passive of nasionalisasikan.
# fokai
## Tongan
### Etymology

Cognate with Fijian vokai.

### Noun

fokai
* iguanids i.e. of the iguana family esp. the Brachylophus genus

#### References

* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “fokai”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2011) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 4: Animals, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 255-6
# تثريب
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of ثَرَّبَ (ṯarraba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taθ.riːb/
* Rhymes: -iːb

### Noun

تَثْرِيب • (taṯrīb) m
* verbal noun of ثَرَّبَ (ṯarraba) (form II)
    لَا تَثْرِيبَ عَلَيْكَ ― lā taṯrība ʕalayka ― There is no blame upon you

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: تثریب (tesrîb)
# podekvist
## Danish
### Etymology

Compound of pode +‎ kvist.

### Noun

podekvist c (singular definite podekvisten, plural indefinite podekviste)
* a scion

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “podekvist” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpʰuːdəˌkʋɪst]

### Noun

podekvist
* a scion
# simin
## Central Dusun
### Etymology

Borrowed from English cement.

### Noun

simin
* cement
    Awagat tomod ilo simin.The cement is very heavy.

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سیمین, from Persian سیمین (sīmīn, “silver”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si(ː)ˈmin/, [s̪i(ː)ˈmin̪]
* Rhymes: -in
* Hyphenation: si‧min

### Adjective

simin
* (obsolete) silver
    Synonyms: gümüş, gümüşten

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “simin”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# ሉል
## Amharic
### Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ, “pearl”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlul/
* Hyphenation: ሉል

### Noun

ሉል • (lul) m or f
* pearl

#### Declension
### References

* Thomas Leiper Kane (1990) “ሉል”, in Amharic-English Dictionary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 39
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 314

## Tigrinya
### Etymology

From Arabic لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ, “pearl”).

### Noun

ሉል • (lul)
* pearl
* bead (Can we verify this sense?)

### References

Thomas Leiper Kane (2000) Tigrinya-English Dictionary, volume 1, Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 63
# -leiki
## Faroese
### Etymology

Related to leikur (“game”), from Old Norse leikr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ˌlaiːtʃɪ/

### Suffix

-leiki m (genitive singular -leika)
* -ness
* -ship
* -ty
* -ure etc.

#### Derived terms

* atkomuleiki
* beiskleiki
* beturleiki
* blindleiki
* dapurleiki
* deyðstíttleiki
* deyvleiki
* dugileiki
* eginleiki
* eileiki
* einleiki
* eyðmjúkleiki
* fastleiki
* fjarleiki
* framkomuleiki
* fráleiki
* føðitíttleiki
* førleiki
* grammleiki
* hálvleiki
* heimkunnleiki
* hentleiki
* høgleiki
* kátleiki
* kunnleiki
* kærleiki
* lítilleiki
* lutfalsleiki
* mannakærleiki
* møguleiki
* nettleiki
* neyvleiki
* nærleiki
* næstakærleiki
* opinleiki
* ómøguleiki
* óneyvleiki
* óregluleiki
* ósannleiki
* ótryggleiki
* ótættleiki
* óveruleiki
* reinleiki
* ruðuleiki
* rættleiki
* samleiki
* sannleiki
* serfrøðingaførleiki
* serkunnleiki
* skeivleiki
* skjótleiki
* skuldugleiki
* smáleiki
* smidleiki
* snildleiki
* sorgarleiki
* stinnleiki
* stoltleiki
* stórleiki
* strangleiki
* stuttleiki
* súrleiki
* svakleiki
* søtleiki
* tíðleiki
* títtleiki
* torleiki
* tómleiki
* treystleiki
* trongleiki
* trupulleiki
* tryggleiki
* tykisveruleiki
* tættleiki
* vakurleiki
* veikleiki
* veruleiki
* virkisførleiki
* vøddaveikleiki
* ymisleiki
* yrkisførleiki
* ævinleiki

#### Related terms

* leikur
* heiti

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Related to leikur (“game”), from Old Norse leikr.

### Suffix

-leiki m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -leika, nominative plural -leikar)
* -ness, -tion, -ity; a suffix used especially to form nouns from adjectives, often expressing a state of being or a quality

#### Usage notes

* -leiki was once a víxlmynd (“a word form that was once a variant form of another word”) with the same meaning as -leikur.

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “-leiki”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
# Aius Locutius
## Latin
### Etymology

The term *Āius is likely related to aiō (“to speak, assert”) and presumably means something akin to "affirmation." This term was combined with locūtius, from locūtus, the past perfect participle of loquor (“to speak”). Perhaps related to Umbrian 𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌖 (ahtu).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.i̯us loˈkuː.ti.us/, [ˈäːi̯ʊs̠ ɫ̪ɔˈkuːt̪iʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.jus loˈkut.t͡si.us/, [ˈäːjus loˈkut̪ː͡s̪ius]

### Proper noun

Āius Locūtius m sg (genitive Āiī Locūtiī or Āiī Locūtī or Āī Locūtiī or Āī Locūtī); second declension
* mysterious prophetic voice that warned the Romans of the attack of the Gauls before the Battle of the Allia

#### Declension

Second-declension noun with a second-declension noun, singular only.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Alternative forms

* Āius Loquens

### References

* “Loquens Aius Loquens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Aius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Loquens Aius Loquens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# abundamiento
## Spanish
### Etymology

From abundar +‎ -miento.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abundaˈmjento/ [a.β̞ũn̪.d̪aˈmjẽn̪.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -ento
* Syllabification: a‧bun‧da‧mien‧to

### Noun

abundamiento m (plural abundamientos)
* abundance
    Synonym: abundancia
** 2017 July 17, José Rafael Avendaño Timaury, “Retazos (III)”, in El Nacional‎:Para mayor abundamiento veamos las formas y los modos anunciados e implementados para consolidar el continuismo, los candidatos a constituyentistas han manifestado una interminable cadena de insólitas proposiciones.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* “abundamiento”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# slepan
## Gothic
### Romanization

slēpan
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsleː.pɑn/

### Verb

slēpan
* Anglian form of slǣpan

#### Conjugation

🛈 This feature is under development and may not always produce the expected forms
¹In Northumbrian, final -n was regularly lost from these forms
²In Late Northumbrian, final -þ was frequently changed to -s
³In Mercian, final -t was sometimes added to these forms due to West Saxon influence
# hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia
## English
### Alternative forms

* hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia (common misspelling, perhaps on purpose, to make the word even longer)

### Etymology

From hippopotomonstrosesquipedalian, in turn an extension of sesquipedalian with ad hoc combining forms of Latin monstrum (“monster”) and hippopotamus (intended to exaggerate the length of the word itself and the idea of the size of the words being feared), +‎ -phobia.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌhɪ.pəˌpɒ.tə(ʊ)ˈmɒn.stɹə(ʊ)ˌsɛs.kwɪ.pɪˌdɑːl.ɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊbiə
* Hyphenation: hip‧po‧po‧to‧mon‧stro‧ses‧qui‧pe‧dal‧i‧o‧pho‧bi‧a

### Noun

hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia (uncountable)
* (humorous) The fear of long words.
    Ben suffers from hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia, so he seldom uses words of more than three syllables.
** 2002 April 19, anonymous author, The Scotsman, page 13:However, we assume that despite the best endeavours of science, some phobias will always remain. These include paraskavedekatriaphobia, or fear of Friday the 13th. And hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia, which is fear of long words.
** 2002 December 14, Chris Lloyd, The Northern Echo, page 10:Those who find this column troubling are suffering from hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia—the fear of long words. Or, more likely, rupophobia—a fear of rubbish.
** 2005 September 30, D. Harlan Wilson, Pseudo-City, Raw Dog Screaming Press, →ISBN, page 183:Coincidentally there is a masochistic PCP with hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia (fear of long words) curled up in an alleyway across the street. He has been whispering “Antidisestablishmentarianism” to himself over and over for two days now, experiencing up to one orgasm every three hours as a result of The Pain  […]

#### Usage notes

* It is unlikely that this 15-syllable contrivance is ever used purely for its meaning. The term sesquipedalophobia is recognized in formal writing.

#### Synonyms

* sesquipedalophobia

#### Related terms

* hippopotomonstrosesquipedalian
* sesquipedalian
# 倭鉛
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wōqiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛ ㄑㄧㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wōqiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄛ ㄑㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wocian
*** Wade–Giles: wo$^1$-chʻien$^1$
*** Yale: wō-chyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uochian
*** Palladius: воцянь (vocjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

### Noun

倭鉛
* (obsolete) zinc
    From: 1637, Song Yingxing, Tiangong Kaiwu
    Fán tóng gōng shì yòng, chūshān yǔ chūlú, zhǐ yǒu chìtóng. Yǐ lúgānshí huò wōqiān chānhuo, zhuǎn sè wéi huángtóng. [Pinyin]
    Copper, whether obtained from mining or from the smelting process, is in the category of red copper. Mix copper with smithsonite or zinc, and brass is formed.

#### Synonyms

* 鋅／锌 (xīn)
# mithridatic
## English
### Etymology

General application of Mithridatic, q.v.

### Adjective

mithridatic (comparative more mithridatic, superlative most mithridatic)
* (historical) Of or related to mithridates, universally curative against all poisons.
* Of or related to mithridatism, the gradual acquisition of immunity to poison through repeated exposure.
** 1999, Colson Whitehead, The Intuitionist, Fleet (2017), pages 180-181:He turned the pages slowly, moving on to other metropolitan catastrophes, the next mithridatic outrage, the pages fluttered behind the front page but the headline remained the same, in the same place hovering across from her.

#### Derived terms

* mithridatically

### Noun

mithridatic (plural mithridatics)
* (medicine, archaic) Synonym of antidote: a treatment which functions like a mithridate.
# शृङ्खल
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* शृङ्खला (śṛṅkhalā)

### Alternative scripts

* শৃঙ্খল (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬺᬗ᭄ᬔᬮ (Balinese script)
* শৃঙ্খল (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰴𑰒𑰿𑰏𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀾𑀗𑁆𑀔𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ၐၖင်္ခလ (Burmese script)
* શૃઙ્ખલ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼੍ਰਙ੍ਖਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑍃𑌙𑍍𑌖𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦽꦔ꧀ꦑꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑃂𑂑𑂹𑂎𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಶೃಙ್ಖಲ (Kannada script)
* ឝ្ឫង្ខល (Khmer script)
* ຨ຺ຣິງ຺ຂລ (Lao script)
* ശൃങ്ഖല (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡵᡳᢛᡘᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘵𑘒𑘿𑘏𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠷᠢᢊᠻᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧖𑦲𑧠𑦯𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐺𑐒𑑂𑐏𑐮 (Newa script)
* ଶୃଙ୍ଖଲ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢺꢖ꣄ꢓꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆸𑆕𑇀𑆒𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖴𑖒𑖿𑖏𑖩 (Siddham script)
* ශෘඞ‍්ඛල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩙𑩠 𑪙𑩝𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚎𑚶𑚋𑚥 (Takri script)
* ஶ்ரிங்க²ல (Tamil script)
* శృఙ్ఖల (Telugu script)
* ศฺฤงฺขล (Thai script)
* ཤྲྀ་ངྑ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒵𑒓𑓂𑒐𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨼𑨉𑨏𑩇𑨌𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“rope”). Cognate with Ancient Greek καῖρος (kaîros), Old Armenian սարդ (sard) and Albanian thur. Given the semantics, the second part of the compound may refer to iron; cf. खरपात्र (kharapātra, “iron pot”), खरसोनि (kharasoni, “iron vessel”), खरालिक (kharālika, “iron arrow”), प्रखर (prakhara, “iron armor”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.l̪ɐ/

### Noun

शृङ्खल • (śṛṅkhala) stem, m
* chain, fetter, especially one made of iron
* measuring chain
* a belt

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Bengali: শিকল (śikol)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀮𑀻 (saṅkalī)
** Konkani: साखळी (sākhḷī)
** Old Marathi:
*** Marathi: साखळी (sākhḷī)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀮 (saṃkala)
** Old Gujarati: सांकलउं (sāṃkalaüṃ)
*** Gujarati: સાંકળું (sā̃kaḷũ)
** Hindi: साँकल (sā̃kal), शृंखला (śŕṅkhlā)
* → Old Javanese: saṅkala
* → Malay: sengkela
* → Malayalam: ശൃംഖല (śr̥ṅkhala), ചങ്ങല (caṅṅala)
# 維吾爾
## Chinese
### Etymology

From Uyghur ئۇيغۇر (uyghur). Doublet of 回紇 / 回纥 (Huíhé), 回鶻 / 回鹘 (Huíhú), 畏兀兒 / 畏兀儿 (Wèiwù'ér), and 裕固 (yùgù).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Wéiwú'ěr
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˊ ㄦˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$ ng$^4$ ji$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Ûi-ngô͘-ní / Ûi-ngô͘-jíⁿ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$vi-ngu-gher
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Wéiwú'ěr
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˊ ㄦˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Wéiwú-ěr
*** Wade–Giles: Wei$^2$-wu$^2$-êrh$^3$
*** Yale: Wéi-wú-ěr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Weiwueel
*** Palladius: Вэйуэр (Vɛjuer)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ u³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$ ng$^4$ ji$^5$
*** Yale: wàih ǹgh yíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$ ng$^4$ ji$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$ ng$^4$ yi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹ ŋ̍²¹ jiː¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ûi-ngô͘-ní
*** Tâi-lô: Uî-ngôo-ní
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uingonie
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ûi-ngô͘-jíⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Uî-ngôo-jínn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uingojvie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$vi-ngu-gher
*** MiniDict: vi$^去$ ngu r
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$vi-ngu-hher
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vi²² ŋu⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/

### Proper noun

維吾爾
* Uyghur (ethnic group)

#### Derived terms

* 新疆維吾爾自治區 / 新疆维吾尔自治区 (Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ěr Zìzhìqū)
* 維吾爾人 / 维吾尔人 (wéiwú'ěrrén)
* 維吾爾文 / 维吾尔文 (wéiwú'ěrwén)
* 維吾爾斯坦 / 维吾尔斯坦 (Wéiwú'ěrsītǎn)
* 維吾爾族 / 维吾尔族 (Wéiwú'ěrzú)
* 維吾爾語 / 维吾尔语 (wéiwú'ěryǔ)

#### See also

* 回紇／回纥 (Huíhé)
* 回鶻／回鹘 (Huíhú)
* 畏兀兒／畏兀儿 (Wèiwù'ér)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 維 | 吾 | 爾 |

### Proper noun

維吾爾 • (Duy Ngô Nhĩ)
* chữ Hán form of Duy Ngô Nhĩ (“Uyghur”).
# tóngmó
## Mandarin
### Romanization

tóngmó (Zhuyin ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄛˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 童模
# ceuled
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈkeɨ̯lɛd/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈkei̯lɛd/

### Etymology 1

caul +‎ -ed.

#### Noun

ceuled m (uncountable, diminutive ceuleden)
* curd, rennet
    Synonym: caul
* coagulation, clotting
    Synonyms: cyweirdeb, tewychiad, tolcheniad

##### Derived terms

* ceuled a maidd (“curds and whey”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ceuled
* third-person singular imperative literary of ceulo

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “ceuled”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ceuled”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# sachraj
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈsa.xraj/

### Noun

sachraj m pers
* (Lasovia) Alternative form of szachraj

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “sachraj”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 264
# konuku
## Ponosakan
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kanuhkuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kaNuSkuS. Cognate with Mongondow konuku, Makasar kanuku, Paiwan kaljuskusan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔˈnu.ku/
* Hyphenation: ko‧nu‧ku

### Noun

konuku
* fingernail

### References

* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kuSkuS”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
* ↑ J. Akun Danie, F. Rogi Warouw, A. B. G. Rattu, G. Karim Bachmid (1991) Fonologi Bahasa Ponosakan (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa – Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

## Wolio
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kanuhkuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kaNuSkuS.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kanuku/

### Noun

konuku
* fingernail, toenail

### References

* Anceaux, Johannes C. (1987) Wolio Dictionary (Wolio-English-Indonesian) / Kamus Bahasa Wolio (Wolio-Inggeris-Indonesia), Dordrecht: Foris
# xoxo
## English
### Alternative forms

* xo, XO, xoxoxo, XOXO

### Etymology

From use of X/x to mean “kiss” and O/o to mean “hug”. Use of “X” to indicate a kiss attested since 1763, preceded by medieval use of an “X”, which was then kissed by illiterates to indicate a signature. Use of “O” is more recent, and presumably created by analogy (e.g., X/O in tic-tac-toe). Speculative theories on precise origins abound, including folk etymologies (for example, the notion that the X represents the crossed arms of a hug and that the O represents the pursed lips of a kiss).

### Noun

xoxo
* Abbreviation of hugs and kisses, usually placed at the end of a letter.
    Synonyms: 88, X's and O's

#### Related terms

* xxx
* ooo

### References

* ↑ OED: “X”. 1763 Gilbert White Letter (1901) I. vii. 132, I am with many a xxxxxxx and many a Pater noster and Ave Maria, Gil. White.
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “X”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ How Stuff Works: How Valentine's Day Works

## Ewe
### Adjective

xoxo
* old

### Adverb

xoxo
* already

## Gun
### Alternative forms

* hóhó (Nigeria)

### Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *χoχó. Cognates include Fon xóxó, Saxwe Gbe xíxó, Adja xoxu, Ewe xoxo

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xó.xó/

### Verb

xóxó (Benin)
* to be old

## Mapudungun
### Adjective

xoxo (Raguileo spelling)
* convex

### References

* Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

## Portuguese
### Verb

xoxo
* first-person singular present indicative of xoxar

## Venetan
### Alternative forms

* xo

### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈz̠oːz̠o̞]

### Adverb

xóxo
* down
    Antonym: suxo

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1611: “scendete laggiù!” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
# cornbig du
## Welsh
### Noun

cornbig du m (plural cornbigau du or cornbigau duon)
* black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (2018) “Y Bywiadur”, in Llên natur‎, retrieved 20 February 2025
# Atanagrum
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* (Variant readings from manuscripts, in the accusative:) Atanagrum; Adtanagrum; Attanagrum; Attanagium; Atanagium; Atanagiam; Athanagram; Athanagrum.

### Etymology

Pierre de Marca proposed in the 17th century Athanasiam, from Ancient Greek ἀθάνατος (athánatos).

### Proper noun

Atanagrum
* (Ancient Rome, geography) An ancient city of the ilergetes, of unknown location, probably in modern central Catalonia

#### Usage notes

Mentioned only once, in Livy 21.61.6, where it appears in the accusative, with multiple variants as seen above. Hence some editors chose to emend it to Athanagia, another to Atanagrus, while Atanagrum as the base-form is also an option. It may be the same place as Ilerda.