# 變化
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): biànhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bin$^3$ faa$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pien-fa
    (Hailu, HRS): bien$^ˇ$ fa$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): beng$^4$ hua$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): piàn-hòa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): biang$^3$ huê$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pi-ho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: biànhuà → biànhua (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ → ㄅㄧㄢˋ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: biànhuå
*** Wade–Giles: pien$^4$-hua$^5$
*** Yale: byàn-hwa
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biann.huah
*** Palladius: бяньхуа (bjanʹxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/ → /pi̯ɛn⁵¹ xu̯ä¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bin$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: bin fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bin$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bin$^3$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /piːn³³ faː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pien-fa
*** Hakka Romanization System: bien fa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bian$^4$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi̯en⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bien$^ˇ$ fa$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pien¹¹ fa¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beng$^4$ hua$^4$ [Phonetic: beng$^1$ ngua$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: be̍ng-hua̍
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$ŋua⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piàn-hòa
*** Tâi-lô: piàn-huà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piernhoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: biang$^3$ huê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piàng huè
*** Sinological IPA : /piaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pi-ho
*** MiniDict: pi$^去$ ho
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pi-ho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ ho⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjenH xwaeH
Rime :
| Character | 變 | 化 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 彼眷切 | 呼霸切 |
| Baxter | pjenH | xwaeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠiᴇn$^H$/ | /hˠua$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚiɛn$^H$/ | /hʷᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piæn$^H$/ | /xua$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pian$^H$/ | /hwaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pjɛn$^H$/ | /xua$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭɛn$^H$/ | /xwa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯ɛn$^H$/ | /xwa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | biàn | huà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bin$^3$ | faa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pro[n]-s qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*prons hŋʷraːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 變 | 化 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | biàn | huà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjen$^H$ › | ‹ xwæ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pro[n]-s/ | /*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/ |
| English | change (v.) | transform |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 變 | 化 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8612 | 5327 |
| Phonetic component |  | 化 |
| Rime group | 元 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 變 | 化 |
| Old Chinese | /*prons/ | /*hŋʷraːls/ |

### Verb

變化
* (intransitive) to change; to vary
       Jìhuà gēnbushàng biànhuà. [Pinyin]
       No plan can anticipate every possible change.
       Jìhuà bùrú biànhuà kuài. [Pinyin]
       Change happens faster than plans can be made.
       Shìjiè shàng wéiyī bùbiàn de jiùshì biànhuà. [Pinyin]
       The only constant in the world is change.
       Zài guòqù jǐ nián lǐ tā de biànhuà hěn dà. [Pinyin]
       He has changed a lot over the past few years.
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Tiāndì biànhuà, cǎomù fán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 改變 / 改变 (gǎibiàn)
* 變 / 变 (biàn)
* 變易 / 变易 (biànyì)
* 變遷 / 变迁 (biànqiān) (of major, long-term changes)
* 變革 / 变革 (biàngé) (chiefly of social systems)
* 轉化 / 转化 (zhuǎnhuà)
* 轉型 / 转型 (zhuǎnxíng)
* 轉移 / 转移 (zhuǎnyí) (of a quality, character, etc.)
* 轉變 / 转变 (zhuǎnbiàn)
* 革變 / 革变 (gébiàn) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 化學變化 / 化学变化 (huàxué biànhuà)
* 慢速變化球 / 慢速变化球
* 氣候變化 / 气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà)
* 物理變化 / 物理变化 (wùlǐ biànhuà)
* 病變 / 病变 (bìngbiàn)
* 計劃趕不上變化 / 计划赶不上变化 (jìhuà gǎnbùshàng biànhuà)
* 變化不測 / 变化不测
* 變化多端 / 变化多端 (biànhuàduōduān)
* 變化無常 / 变化无常 (biànhuàwúcháng)
* 變化無方 / 变化无方
* 變化無窮 / 变化无穷
* 變化球 / 变化球
* 變化萬端 / 变化万端
* 變化莫測 / 变化莫测 (biànhuàmòcè)
* 魚龍變化 / 鱼龙变化

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 変(へん)化(か) (henka); 変(へん)化(げ) (henge)
* → Korean: 변화(變化) (byeonhwa)
* → Vietnamese: biến hóa (變化)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 變 | 化 |
| へん Hyōgai | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

變(へん)化(か) • (henka)
* Kyūjitai form of 変化: change; variation

### Verb

變(へん)化(か)する • (henka suru) suru (stem 變(へん)化(か)し (henka shi), past 變(へん)化(か)した (henka shita))
* Kyūjitai form of 変化: to change, to vary

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 變化し | へんかし | henka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 變化し | へんかし | henka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 變化する | へんかする | henka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 變化する | へんかする | henka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 變化すれ | へんかすれ | henka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 變化せよ¹ 變化しろ² | へんかせよ¹ へんかしろ² | henka seyo¹ henka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 變化される | へんかされる | henka sareru |
| Causative | 變化させる 變化さす | へんかさせる へんかさす | henka saseru henka sasu |
| Potential | 變化できる | へんかできる | henka dekiru |
| Volitional | 變化しよう | へんかしよう | henka shiyō |
| Negative | 變化しない | へんかしない | henka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 變化せず | へんかせず | henka sezu |
| Formal | 變化します | へんかします | henka shimasu |
| Perfective | 變化した | へんかした | henka shita |
| Conjunctive | 變化して | へんかして | henka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 變化すれば | へんかすれば | henka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 變 | 化 |

### Noun

變化 • (byeonhwa) (hangeul 변화)
* hanja form of 변화 (“change; variation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 變 | 化 |

### Verb

變化
* chữ Hán form of biến hóa (“to transform, to evolve”).