# 紐

| 紐 | U+7D10, &#32016; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D10 |
| ← 紏 [U+7D0F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 紑 → [U+7D11] |
| 紐 | U+F9CF, &#63951; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CF |
| ← 硫 [U+F9CE] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 類 → [U+F9D0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

紐 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火弓土 (VFNG), four-corner 2791$_5$, composition ⿰糹丑)
* knot
* button
* handle, knob
* tie

#### Derived characters

* 𦶆(𬜺)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 916, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27268
* Dae Jaweon: page 1346, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3377, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7D10
* Unihan data for U+F9CF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 紐 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 峱 | *nuː |
| 紐 | *nuʔ |
| 扭 | *nuʔ, *tnuʔ |
| 狃 | *nuʔ, *nus |
| 鈕 | *nuʔ |
| 忸 | *nuʔ, *nuɡ |
| 杻 | *nuʔ, *n̥ʰuʔ |
| 莥 | *nuʔ |
| 羞 | *snu |
| 丑 | *n̥ʰuʔ |
| 沑 | *njuʔ, *nuɡ |
| 粈 | *njuʔ |
| 衄 | *nuɡ, *njuɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nuʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ) – a handle. However, the phonetic component indicates either an animal claw or a hand, hence it adds part of the meaning.

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-na ~ s-naːr (“nose”); see there for more discussion.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): niǔ (niu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiu$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): niu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): néu
    (Hailu, HRS): neu$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiu$^3$ / nêu$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): niou$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): niǔ
* Eastern Min (BUC): niū
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diu$^3$ / liu$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liú / niú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyiou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǒu
*** Wade–Giles: niu$^3$
*** Yale: nyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neou
*** Palladius: ню (nju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niu
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiəu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
*** Yale: náu / náuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: neo$^2$ / neo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɐu̯³⁵/, /nɐu̯¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: niu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdiu⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: néu
*** Hakka Romanization System: neu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: neu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /neu̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: neu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /neu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiu$^3$ / nêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiu³¹/, /neu³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: niou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niǔ
*** Sinological IPA : /niu²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: niū
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡieu³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: diu$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diû
*** Sinological IPA : /tiu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: liu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /liu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liú
*** Tâi-lô: liú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liuo
*** IPA (Singapore): /liu⁴²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /liu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /liu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niú
*** Tâi-lô: niú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niuo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /niũ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /niũ⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /niũ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: niu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niú
*** Sinological IPA : /niu⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnieu
*** MiniDict: nyeu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɤ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: nyiou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲi̯əu̯⁴¹/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit紐 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niou²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /niou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /niou¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ȵiou⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /niou⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /niou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /niou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ȵiɯ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /niəu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /liou⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵiɤu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niəu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵiəu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /niəu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /niəu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liəɯ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɯ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəu⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɳəu⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niəu⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɤ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiɤ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiø⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵau³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /niu³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiun²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiəu⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵiəɯ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiu³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /neu³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nɐu³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /nɐu³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /nɐu³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liu⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nieu³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niu²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /nĩu⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /niu²¹³/ /nau³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: nrjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 紐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女久切 |
| Baxter | nrjuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /niu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ni̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nau$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n<r>uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 紐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | niǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nrjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n<r>uʔ/ |
| English | fastener |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1517 |
| Phonetic component | 丑 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 狃 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuʔ/ |

### Definitions

紐
* button (Classifier: 粒 c)
    Alternative form: 鈕 / 钮 (niǔ)
* handle; knob
    秤紐／秤纽 ― chèngniǔ ― lifting cord of a steelyard
* pivot; hub
    樞紐／枢纽 ― shūniǔ ― hub
    紐帶／纽带 ― niǔdài ― bond; tie
* a surname
* transliteration for "New" in place names; e.g. 紐約 / 纽约 (Niǔyuē), 紐西蘭 / 纽西兰 (Niǔxīlán).

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扣, 衣扣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扣子, 扣兒, 紐兒 Chinese-stye |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扣子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 扣兒 Western-style |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 扣子, 紐扣兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 扣子 Western-style |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 扣子 disc, 紐子, 紐門兒疙瘩 ball |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 扣子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 紐子 Western-style, 紐子疙瘩 knot |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 扣子, 紐子 Chinese-style |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 扣子 Western-style, 紐子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 扣子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 扣子, 紐子 Chinese-style, 紐扣 Chinese-style |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 扣子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 扣子 Western-style, 紐扣 Western-style, 紐子, 紐兒 old-style ball |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 紐子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 紐 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 扣子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 扣仔 new-style, 扣子 new-style, 跪兒 old-style |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 扣子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 紐公仔 Chinese-style, 扣仔 Western-style, 紐仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 紐扣 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 扣子 disc, 紐子 knot |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 紐仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 紐仔, 扣仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 紐仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 紐仔, 紐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 紐子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 扣子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 扣扣, 扣疙瘩 Chinese-style |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 扣子 Western-style |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 紐仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 扣, 扣扣, 扣門 Chinese-stye |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 紐 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 紐 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 紐 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 紐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 紐 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 扣子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 紐子, 紐頭 Chinese-style |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 紐子 Western-style, 紐頭 Chinese-style |
| Wu | Suzhou | 紐子 ball, 紐頭 disc |
| Wu | Wuxi | 紐頭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 紐扣, 紐子子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 紐扣兒 Chinese-style, 扣兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 紐子 Western-style |
| Wu | Jinhua | 紐子兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 扣子 Western-style, 扣它子 Chinese-style |
| Xiang | Loudi | 扣子 |

### Compounds

* 反紐 / 反纽
* 旁紐 / 旁纽
* 樞紐 / 枢纽 (shūniǔ)
* 水利樞紐 / 水利枢纽
* 秤紐 / 秤纽 (chèngniǔ)
* 紐帶 / 纽带 (niǔdài)
* 紐扣 / 纽扣 (niǔkòu)
* 紐捏 / 纽捏
* 紐捽 / 纽捽
* 紐約 / 纽约 (Niǔyuē)
* 紐約州 / 纽约州
* 紐約影展 / 纽约影展
* 紐芬蘭 / 纽芬兰 (Niǔfēnlán)
* 紐襻兒 / 纽襻儿
* 紐西蘭 / 纽西兰 (Niǔxīlán)
* 紐門 / 纽门
* 聲紐 / 声纽
* 解紐 / 解纽
* 關紐 / 关纽
* 電紐 / 电纽
* 龜紐 / 龟纽

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にゅう (nyū)
* Kan-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan’yō-on: ちゅう (chū)
* Kun: ひも (himo, 紐)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 紐
* ひも Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 紐 – see the following entry. :
| 【ひも】 | [noun] string [noun] pimp (man who financially relies on managing prostitutes) [noun] freeloader (one who financially relies on another person) |
(This term, 紐, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

紐 • (nyu>yu) (hangeul 뉴>유, revised nyu>yu, McCune–Reischauer nyu>yu, Yale nyu>yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

紐: Hán Nôm readings: nữu, néo, nới, nỡi, nĩu, nữi, nửi, nõi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.