OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# galvanic
## English
### Etymology

From French galvanique, named after Italian physiologist Luigi Aloisio Galvani (1737–1798) + -ique.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡælˈvænɪk/

### Adjective

galvanic (comparative more galvanic, superlative most galvanic)
* Of or pertaining to galvanism; electric.
** 1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, chapter 22, in Pink and White Tyranny:[S]he was quivering like a galvanic battery with the suppressed force of some powerful emotion.
* (by extension) Energetic; vigorous.
** 1862, Anthony Trollope, chapter 6, in North America:Whether the town existed during Mr. Tapley's time I have not been able to learn. . . . At that moment a galvanic motion had been pumped into it by the war movements of General Halleck.
** 1908, W. W. Jacobs, chapter 19, in Salthaven:Then he clenched his fists, and, with an agility astonishing in a man of his years, indulged in a series of galvanic little hops in front of the astounded Peter Truefitt.
** 2014 April 4, Zachary Woolfe, “Music: How the Centuries Will Play Out”, in New York Times, retrieved 12 May 2014:But the main event may well end up being the performance of Brahms’s galvanic Piano Concerto No. 1, with the exhilarating British pianist Paul Lewis.
* Of a current that is not alternating, as opposed to faradic.
** 2005, Carolyn Thomas de la Pena, chapter 3, in The Body Electric: How Strange Machines Built the Modern American:Physicians used galvanic currents, which required only a galvanic power source, and faradic treatments, which utilized an "alternating" induction coil.

#### Synonyms

* galvanical

#### Derived terms

* electrogalvanic
* galvanic action
* galvanically
* galvanic anode
* galvanic cell
* galvanic couple
* galvanic series
* hydrogalvanic
* microgalvanic
* optogalvanic
* photogalvanic
* psychogalvanic

#### Related terms

* galvanize

#### Translations
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French galvanique.

### Adjective

galvanic m or n (feminine singular galvanică, masculine plural galvanici, feminine and neuter plural galvanice)
* galvanic
# 草案
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎo'àn
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^2$ on$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhó-on
    (Hailu, HRS): co$^ˊ$ on$^ˇ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-àn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cao$^2$ uan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎo'àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎo-àn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-an$^4$
*** Yale: tsǎu-àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoann
*** Palladius: цаоань (caoanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^2$ on$^3$
*** Yale: chóu on
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^2$ on$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^2$ on$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ ɔːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-on
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^ˋ$ on
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^3$ on$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ on⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^ˊ$ on$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo²⁴⁻³³ on¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-àn
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-àn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoyaxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cao$^2$ uan$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsháu uàⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ ũã²¹³/

### Noun

草案
* draft (of a plan, law, statement, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* 私人條例草案 / 私人条例草案 (sīrén tiáolì cǎo'àn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 草案(そうあん) (sōan)
* → Korean: 초안(草案) (choan)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 案 |
| そう Grade: 1 | あん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーあん [sòóáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːã̠ɴ]

### Noun

草(そう)案(あん) • (sōan)
* draft

#### Synonyms

* 草稿(そうこう) (sōkō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 草 | 案 |

### Noun

草案 • (choan) (hangeul 초안)
* hanja form of 초안
# oyggjaflokkinum
## Faroese
### Noun

oyggjaflokkinum
* dative singular definite of oyggjaflokkur
# fimti
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse fimmti, from Proto-Germanic *fimftô.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɪm̥tɪ/
* Rhymes: -ɪm̥tɪ

### Adjective

fimti
* fifth

#### Inflection

Weak adjectival inflection of fimti :
| Singular (eintal) | m | f | n |
| Nominative (hvørfall) | fimti | fimta | fimta |
| Accusative (hvønnfall) | fimta | fimtu | fimta |
| Dative (hvørjumfall) | fimta | fimtu | fimta |
| Genitive (hvørsfall) | fimta | fimtu | fimta |
| Plural (fleirtal) | m | f | n |
| Nominative (hvørfall) | fimtu | fimtu | fimtu |
| Accusative (hvønnfall) | fimtu | fimtu | fimtu |
| Dative (hvørjumfall) | fimtu | fimtu | fimtu |
| Genitive (hvørsfall) | fimtu | fimtu | fimtu |

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* fimmti

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fimftô (“fifth”).

### Adjective

fimti (not comparable)
* (ordinal number) fifth

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: fimmti
* Faroese: fimti
* Norwegian Nynorsk: femte
* Norwegian Bokmål: femte
* Old Swedish: fæmti
** Swedish: femte
* Old Danish: fæmtæ
** Danish: femte

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “fimti”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# shkova
## Albanian
### Verb

shkova
* first-person singular aorist indicative of shkoj
# მაია
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* მაიკო (maiḳo)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [maia]
* Hyphenation: მა‧ია

### Proper noun

მაია • (maia)
* a female given name
# turtle racings
## English
### Noun

turtle racings
* plural of turtle racing
# Sparrowe
## Yola
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsparəʊ/

### Proper noun

Sparrowe
* a surname, equivalent to English Sparrow
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:Sparrowe's Naesth.The Sparrow's Nest.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 69
# odżywka
## Polish
### Etymology

From odżywiać +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔdˈʐɘf.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘfka
* Syllabification: od‧żyw‧ka

### Noun

odżywka f
* conditioner
    odżywka do włosów ― hair conditioner
* (nutrition, bodybuilding) supplement (vitamin, herbal extract, or chemical compound)
    Synonym: suplement

#### Related terms

* odżywczy
* odżywczo
* odżywczość
* odżywiać
* odżywić

### Further reading

* odżywka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* odżywka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 蠹魚
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dùyú
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^3$ jyu$^{4-2}$
* Puxian Min (Xianyou, Pouseng Ping'ing): dou$^4$ hy$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tò͘-hî / tò͘-hû / tò͘-gû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dùyú
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dùyú
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^4$-yü$^2$
*** Yale: dù-yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duhyu
*** Palladius: дуюй (dujuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵¹ y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^3$ jyu$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: dou yú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^3$ jy$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^3$ yu$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯³³ jyː²¹⁻³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dou$^4$ hy$^2$ [Phonetic: dou$^1$ y$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$y¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tò͘-hî
*** Tâi-lô: tòo-hî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dorhii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ hi²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tò͘-hû
*** Tâi-lô: tòo-hû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dorhuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ hu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tò͘-gû
*** Tâi-lô: tòo-gû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dorguu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡu²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

### Noun

蠹魚
* silverfish

#### Synonyms

* 壁魚 / 壁鱼 (bìyú)
* 布魚 / 布鱼 (Putian Puxian Min)
* 書蛀蟲 / 书蛀虫 (shūzhùchóng)
* 書蟲 / 书虫 (shūchóng)
* 白魚 / 白鱼 (báiyú)
* 紙魚 / 纸鱼 (zhǐyú)
* 蛀 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 蛀書蟲 / 蛀书虫
* 蠹 (dù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 衣蟲 / 衣虫 (yīchóng)
* 衣魚 / 衣鱼 (yīyú)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “蠹鱼”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 165.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蠹 | 魚 |
| しみ ||
| Hyōgai | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 蠹魚 – see the following entry. :
| 【紙魚しみ】 | [noun] Any insect of the family Lepismatidae, a silverfish or bristletail. Alternative spellings 衣魚, 蠧魚, シミ |
(This term, 蠹魚, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# nakaiinis
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* nakakainis, kainis — informal

### Etymology

From naka- +‎ inis with partial reduplication.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /nakaˌʔiʔiˈnis/ [n̪ɐ.xɐˌʔiː.ʔɪˈn̪is]
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: na‧ka‧i‧i‧nis

### Adjective

nakaíinís (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜃᜁᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* annoying, irritating, obnoxious
    Nakaiinis talaga yung malakas na boses niya. ― His loud voice is really annoying.

### Verb

nakaíinís (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜃᜁᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* progressive aspect of makainis
# shkoi
## Albanian
### Verb

shkoi
* third-person singular aorist indicative of shkoj
# მათრახი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Georgian მათრაჴი (matraqi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [matʰɾaχi]
* Hyphenation: მათ‧რა‧ხი

### Noun

მათრახი • (matraxi) (plural მათრახები)
* whip

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* მათრახს გადაჰკრავს (matraxs gadahḳravs)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: մաթրախ (matʻrax)
* → Mingrelian: მართახი (martaxi), მათრახი (matraxi)
* → Svan: მათრა̈ხ (maträx)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մտրակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 369a
# grail
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɹeɪl/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪl

### Etymology 1

From Middle English graal, greal, from Old French graal, greal (“cup”), from Medieval Latin gradalis, possibly corrupted over time from Latin crater (“bowl”).

#### Noun

grail (plural grails)
* The Holy Grail.
** 1989, 1:06:54 from the start, in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade‎ (Action-Adventure), spoken by Henry Jones, Sr. (Sean Connery), →OCLC:The quest for the Grail is not archeology. It's a race against evil. If it is captured by the Nazis, the armies of darkness will march all over the face of the earth. Do you understand me?
* Something eagerly sought or quested for.
    Becoming an astronaut was his grail.
** 2002, Zadie Smith, The Autograph Man, Penguin Books (2003), page 214:How many of them had found the item they dreamt of, their personal grails?

##### Derived terms

* engrail

##### Related terms

* Sangrail

### Etymology 2

From Middle English grayel, from Old French grael, ultimately from Latin graduale. Doublet of gradual.

#### Noun

grail (plural grails)
* A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual.
** 1694, John Strype, the Memorials of Thomas Cranmer:antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc.

### Etymology 3

Uncertain; perhaps a reduced form of gravel.

#### Noun

grail (uncountable)
* (poetic) Small particles of earth; gravel.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Hereof this gentle knight vnweeting was, / And lying downe vpon the sandie graile, / Drunke of the streame, as cleare as cristall glas [...].

### Etymology 4

Compare Old French graite slender.

#### Noun

grail (plural grails)
* One of the small feathers of a hawk.

### Anagrams

* argil, glair
# 'bus
## English
### Noun

'bus (plural 'busses or 'buses)
* Archaic spelling of bus (originally a clipping of omnibus).
** 1868, “The Omnibus System in London, Past and Present”, in Cassell’s Magazine, page 439, column 2:As the Londoner may have observed, a pair of horses only goes one journey, and as the omnibus generally does four journeys, each conveyance, with its rest horses, requires ten animals. The three-horse ’buses require thirteen each.
** 1900, Kate Douglas Wiggin, “Tuppenny Travels in London”, in Penelope’s English Experiences, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, part first (In Town), page 48:We think we get a kind of vague apprehension of what London means from the top of a ’bus better than anywhere else, and this vague apprehension is as much as the thoughtful or imaginative observer will ever arrive at in a lifetime.
** 1901 July 19, T. K. Murray, “To Australia and Back”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume IV, number 10, The Times Printing and Publishing Company, Limited, published 1902, section “Melbourne”, page 299:There are some hansons, no ’busses.
** 1906, “Casey in London”, in F[rancis] J. Cahill, compiler, A Bunch of Yarns and Rare Bits of Humor: […], New York, N.Y., New Orleans, La.: Carey-Stafford Company, page 23:One day I was riding on top of a ’bus in London with my friend Casey.
** 1912, Barry Pain, “Mrs. Murphy”, in Pearson’s Magazine, page 184:If you can’t afford cabs you should take the ’bus.
** 1919, Charles Hanson Towne, “When London Was in Darkness”, in Shaking Hands with England, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, pages 41–42:One misty day I was riding on top of a ’bus, and when the conductorette came to get my fare, she leaned over the seat in front of mine, and kissed the wounded soldier who was sitting there.
# Macaca
## Translingual
### Etymology

New Latin, from Portuguese macaca, the feminine equivalent of macaco (“monkey”). Unknown ultimate origin, but thought to have been borrowed from an African language of the Congo region. See macaco for other possible etymologies.
Cognate with French macaque, English macaque and macaco, Spanish macaca/macaco, and Italian macaco.

### Proper noun

Macaca f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Cercopithecidae – macaques, Old World monkeys, principally Asian.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Mammalia – class; Theria – subclass; Eutheria/Placentalia – infraclass; Primates – order; Haplorrhini – suborder; Simiiformes – infraorder; Catarrhini – parvorder; Cercopithecoidea – superfamily; Cercopithecidae – family; Cercopithecinae – subfamily; Papionini – tribe

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Macaca sylvanus (Barbary macaque) – type species; Macaca arctoides, Macaca assamensis, Macaca cyclopis, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata, Macaca hecki, Macaca leonina, Macaca maura, Macaca mulatta, Macaca munzala, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca nigra, Macaca nigriscens, Macaca ochreata, Macaca pagensis, Macaca radiata, Macaca siberu, Macaca silenus, Macaca sinica, Macaca thibetana, Macaca tonkeana – other species

### References

* Macaca on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Macaca (term) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Macaca on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Macaca on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# Bakalli
## Albanian
### Etymology

From bakall (“shopkeeper”).

### Proper noun

Bakalli m
* a surname originating as an occupation
# historie se opakuje
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦɪstorɪjɛ sɛ opakujɛ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Proverb

historie se opakuje
* history repeats itself
# pecat
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pec(c)at, from Latin peccātum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [pəˈkat]
* IPA: (Valencia) [peˈkat]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

pecat m (plural pecats)
* sin

#### Derived terms

* set pecats capitals

#### Related terms

* pecar

### Participle

pecat (feminine pecada, masculine plural pecats, feminine plural pecades)
* past participle of pecar

### References

* “pecat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “pecat”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “pecat” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “pecat” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay pecat.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəˈt͡ʃat/ [pəˈt͡ʃat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -at
* Syllabification: pe‧cat

### Verb

pêcat
* to fire (terminate employment)

#### Derived terms

* dipecat
* memecat

### Further reading

* “pecat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* pechat

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Occitan pecat, from Latin peccātum.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Noun

pecat m (plural pecats)
* sin, error

#### Related terms

* pecador
* pechador
* pechaire

### Further reading

* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 516.

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin peccātum.

### Noun

pecat m (oblique plural pecatz, nominative singular pecatz, nominative plural pecat)
* sin

#### Descendants

* Occitan: pecat

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “peccāre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 8: Patavia–Pix, page 98
# odżywkę
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (normal speech) /ɔˈd͡ʐɘf.kɛ/, (careful speech) /ɔˈd͡ʐɘf.kɛw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɘfkɛw̃
* Syllabification: o‧dżyw‧kę

### Noun

odżywkę
* accusative singular of odżywka
# 立案
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì'àn
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laap$^6$ on$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): li̍p-on
    (Hailu, HRS): lib$^ˋ$ on$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lih$^7$ ang$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): li̍p-àn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì'àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì-àn
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$-an$^4$
*** Yale: lì-àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lihann
*** Palladius: лиань (lianʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laap$^6$ on$^3$
*** Yale: laahp on
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laap$^9$ on$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lab$^6$ on$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːp̚² ɔːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍p-on
*** Hakka Romanization System: lib on
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lib$^6$ on$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ on⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lib$^ˋ$ on$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip² on¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lih$^7$ ang$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: li̍h-a̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /liʔ⁴ aŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lih$^7$ ang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liʔ²⁴ aŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍p-àn
*** Tâi-lô: li̍p-àn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lib'axn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴⁻³² an²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴⁻² an⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ an²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lip̚⁴⁻³² an¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lip̚⁴⁻³² an²¹/

### Verb

立案
* to register; to put on record
* (law) to file a case for investigation and prosecution

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 立 | 案 |
| りつ Grade: 1 | あん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

立(りつ)案(あん) • (ritsuan)
* draft, planning

### Verb

立(りつ)案(あん)する • (ritsuan suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 立(りつ)案(あん)し (ritsuan shi), past 立(りつ)案(あん)した (ritsuan shita))
* draft, draw up, plan

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 立案し | りつあんし | ritsuan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 立案し | りつあんし | ritsuan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 立案する | りつあんする | ritsuan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 立案する | りつあんする | ritsuan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 立案すれ | りつあんすれ | ritsuan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 立案せよ¹ 立案しろ² | りつあんせよ¹ りつあんしろ² | ritsuan seyo¹ ritsuan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 立案される | りつあんされる | ritsuan sareru |
| Causative | 立案させる 立案さす | りつあんさせる りつあんさす | ritsuan saseru ritsuan sasu |
| Potential | 立案できる | りつあんできる | ritsuan dekiru |
| Volitional | 立案しよう | りつあんしよう | ritsuan shiyō |
| Negative | 立案しない | りつあんしない | ritsuan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 立案せず | りつあんせず | ritsuan sezu |
| Formal | 立案します | りつあんします | ritsuan shimasu |
| Perfective | 立案した | りつあんした | ritsuan shita |
| Conjunctive | 立案して | りつあんして | ritsuan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 立案すれば | りつあんすれば | ritsuan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# خوردنی
## Persian
### Etymology

From خوردن (xwardan / xordan, “to eat”) +‎ ـی (-ī / -i, “-able”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xʷaɾ.da.niː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xʊɾ.d̪ä.niː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xʊɾ.d̪ä.niː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xʊɾ.d̪ä.niː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xuɾ.d̪ä.ni]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xoɹ.d̪æ.niː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χuɾ.d̪ä.ni]

### Adjective

خوردنی • (xwardanī / xordani)
* edible

### Noun

خوردنی • (xwardanī / xordani) (plural خوردنی‌ها (xwardanī-hā / xordani-hâ))
* something edible; food, victual
    Synonyms: غذا (ğazā / ğazâ), مأکول (ma'kūl / ma'kul), خوراکی (xwarākī / xorâki)

### See also

* آشامیدنی (āšāmīdanī / âšâmidani)
* نوشیدنی (nōšīdanī / nušidani)
# hinchapelotas
## Spanish
### Etymology

Verb-object compound, composed of hincha (“to inflate”) +‎ pelotas (“balls/testicles”).

### Noun

hinchapelotas m (plural hinchapelotas)
* (vulgar, Bolivia, Cono Sur) pain in the ass

### Adjective

hinchapelotas (invariable)
* (vulgar, Cono Sur) pain in the ass

### Further reading

* “hinchapelotas”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Belushi
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Belushi
* a surname
# shkuan
## Albanian
### Verb

shkuan
* third-person plural aorist indicative of shkoj
# მაკედონია
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [makʼedonia]
* Hyphenation: მა‧კე‧დო‧ნია

### Proper noun

მაკედონია • (maḳedonia)
* Macedonia (a country in Europe)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# grammaticalization
## English
### Alternative forms

* grammaticalisation

### Etymology

From French grammaticalisation, coined in 1912 by the French linguist Antoine Meillet, corresponding to grammatical +‎ -ization.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: grə-mă'-tĭ-kə-lĭ-zā'-shən, IPA: /ɡɹəˌmæ.tɪ.kə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

### Noun

grammaticalization (countable and uncountable, plural grammaticalizations)
* (linguistics) The process of making grammatical.
* (linguistics) The process of language change by which a word or morpheme is reduced to more of a grammeme than a lexeme, for example the reduction of a content word representing an object or action (a noun or verb) to a clitic.
    Synonyms: grammaticization, grammatization

#### Derived terms

* degrammaticalization

#### Related terms

* grammarization
* grammarize
* grammaticalize
* grammaticize

#### Translations
### Further reading

* grammaticalization on Wikipedia.Wikipedia