# 俞

| 俞 | U+4FDE, &#20446; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FDE |
| ← 保 [U+4FDD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 俟 → [U+4FDF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

俞 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人一月弓 (OMBN), four-corner 8022$_1$, composition ⿱亼刖)

#### Derived characters

* 偷, 喻, 堬, 媮, 崳, 㡏, 愉, 揄, 渝, 㺄, 隃, 𣈥, 榆, 牏, 瑜, 䄖, 腧, 𤭷, 睮, 䃋, 褕, 緰(𦈕), 羭, 𦖭, 蝓, 諭(谕), 䜽, 𧱬, 貐, 踰, 䠼, 輸(输), 䤅, 鍮(𨱎), 䩱, 䬔(𱃞), 𩜶(𱄁), 騟(𩨈)
* 㓱, 鄃, 歈, 毹, 㼶, 覦(觎), 嵛, 萮, 𣈯, 窬, 逾, 愈, 毺, 㢏, 瘉, 䵉, 匬, 𰿵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 703
* Dae Jaweon: page 223, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 155, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4FDE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俞 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj19961j19962j19963Bronze inscriptionsb13234b13235b13236b13237b13238b13239b13240b13241b13242Small seal scripts06179Transcribed ancient scriptsL30528L30529L30530L02687L02688L02689 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 褕 | *low, *lo |
| 偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
| 鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
| 牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
| 揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
| 窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
| 歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
| 俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
| 隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
| 毹 | *sro |
| 輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
| 鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
| 腧 | *hljos |
| 逾 | *lo |
| 榆 | *lo |
| 愉 | *lo |
| 渝 | *lo |
| 瑜 | *lo |
| 蕍 | *lo |
| 覦 | *lo, *los |
| 蝓 | *lo |
| 踰 | *lo |
| 崳 | *lo |
| 羭 | *lo |
| 堬 | *lo |
| 瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
| 萮 | *lo |
| 騟 | *lo |
| 愈 | *loʔ |
| 貐 | *loʔ |
| 喻 | *los |
| 諭 | *los |
In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw), hence a form vaguely similar to 甲. It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ).
In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent of 甲 gradually corrupted into two lines 巜 (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (vaguely similar to 口) was eventually stylized as (亼) and moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips. Eventually, 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form.
Unrelated to 前, 刖, 巜, and 巛.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yú (yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yì
    (Hailu, HRS): rhi
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zou$^2$ / zy$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lû / jû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$
*** Yale: yùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhi
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒi⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zou$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: có
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔu¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy¹³/
* zou2 - vernacular (incl. surname);
* zy2 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yu
Rime :
| Character | 俞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊朱切 |
| Baxter | yu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /io/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /io/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lo/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lo/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 俞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yu › |
| Old Chinese | /*lo/ |
| English | yes, agree; satisfied, at ease |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俞 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15853 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 逾 |
| Old Chinese | /*lo/ |
| Notes | 金文象以銳器刳木爲舟 |

#### Definitions

俞
* (historical dictionaries only) to hollow a tree to make a boat
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) yes; indeed
    Synonym: 然 (rán)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to approve; to consent
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to reply; to respond
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) satisfied; at ease
* a surname
    俞大猷 ― Yú Dàyóu ― Yu Dayou (Chinese general and martial artist during the Ming dynasty)
* Obsolete form of 踰 / 逾 (yú): to exceed; to surpass
* Obsolete form of 渝 (yú, “to change”).
* Obsolete form of 愉 (yú), used in 俞俞.

#### Compounds

* 伯俞泣杖
* 俞俞
* 俞允 (yúyǔn)
* 俞旨
* 俞然
* 俞跗
* 吁俞
* 吁咈都俞
* 都俞吁咈

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Chòu, Yú (Chou$^4$, Yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˋ, ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Chòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Chòu
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻou$^4$
*** Yale: Chòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chow
*** Palladius: Чоу (Čou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yú
*** Wade–Giles: Yü$^2$
*** Yale: Yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yu
*** Palladius: Юй (Juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^3$
*** Yale: chau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: yu, trhjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 俞 | 俞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 羊朱切 | 丑救切 |
| Baxter | yu | trhjuwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨo/ | /ʈʰɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jio/ | /ʈʰiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /io/ | /ȶʰiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juə̆/ | /ʈʰuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /io/ | /ȶʰiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭu/ | /ȶʰĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯u/ | /ȶʰi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú | chòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | cau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lo/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰus/, /*lo/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 俞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yu › |
| Old Chinese | /*lo/ |
| English | yes, agree; satisfied, at ease |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俞 | 俞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15841 | 15853 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 | 俞 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 畜 | 逾 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰus/ | /*lo/ |
| Notes | | 金文象以銳器刳木爲舟 |

#### Definitions

俞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a surname

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shū (shu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shū
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shu
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^1$
*** Yale: shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

俞
* Only used in 俞兒／俞儿 (Shū'ér).

### Etymology 4

Jiajie (假借).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/

##### Definitions

俞
* Obsolete form of 愈 (yù): even more
* Obsolete form of 癒 / 愈 (yù, “to recover from illness”).
* Obsolete form of 諭 / 谕 (yù), used in 俞咨 (yùzī).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 呴俞 (xǔyù).

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shù (shu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^3$
*** Yale: syu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː³³/

##### Definitions

俞
* Obsolete form of 腧 (“acupoint”).
* Obsolete form of 隃, only used in 西俞 (Xīshù).

#### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shū (Shu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shū
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shu
*** Wade–Giles: Shu$^1$
*** Yale: Shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shu
*** Palladius: Шу (Šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵/

##### Definitions

俞
* (historical) Alternative form of 鄃 (Shū)

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “俞”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00168
* 李鍌, editor (1999), 《國語一字多音審訂表》‎ (in Chinese), page 8
* “俞”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ゆ (yu)
* Kun: しかり (shikari)

## Korean
### Hanja

俞 (eum 유 (yu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

俞: Hán Nôm readings: dũ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation