OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# protend
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin protendere, from pro (“before, forth”) + tendere (“to stretch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɹəʊˈtɛnd/

### Verb

protend (third-person singular simple present protends, present participle protending, simple past and past participle protended)
* (obsolete, transitive) To hold out; to stretch forth.
** 1664, Richard Sanders, Palmistry, the secrets thereof disclosed:Amongst the which, as the most Noble Qualities, Heat and Moisture are the active formative in Nature, Calidity and Humidity equally proportionately joyn'd, compose the most superlative constitution , fully protending and dilating the parts, but if Heat much exceed moisture in composition, so that it passe into a siccity, it much protends the body, but little dilates it, causing a long slender meager form, even as frigidity mixt with Humidity products a Body spread bread but short, but heat and moisture predominating, confer to the body a due ongitude and latitude of parts.
** 1697, Virgil, “The Tenth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:With his protended lance he makes defence.
** 1814, George Vaughan Sampson, A Memoir, page 19:the said city of London-Derry aforesaid, and the circuit, precinct, compass, bounds, liberties, limits, franchises, and jurisdictions of the same may henceforth for ever be extended and protended, and be able and capable to extend and protend itself within and through the space and circuit of three thousand Irish paces, to be measured and limited from all and every part of the said city whatsoever as aforesaid for ever;
* (phenomenology) To consciously experience in anticipation; to experience protention.
** 2000, Michael Thomas Carroll, Eddie Tafoya, Phenomenological Approaches to Popular Culture, page 129:At the moment that the first beat is sounded, if the listener is to hear it as a division of a larger temporal unit, he or she must concretely protend the other beats of the bar; that is, the listener must experience, in the temporal "space" of the near future, three more beats while he or she is hearing the present beat in the now-point.
** 2003, Donn Welton, The New Husserl: A Critical Reader, page 133:Instead, our retentions are made up of al the words I have spoken, and we protend toward the completion of my sentence or idea.
** 2012, Harris M. Berger, Metal, Rock, and Jazz, page 227:Dann may actively think "I am going to go to the G chord"; he may prepare his hand to grasp the G, or may even protend the G chord but insulate the C chord from it —none of these will make the C a IV. Only if he protends the G and conjoins the C to it will the C be a IV chord, because to hear the C as a IV means to perform that organization of the living present.
** 2023, Mitchell Atkinson III, Alterity and the Flint Water Crisis, page 152:Consciousness may not protend everything in the horizon; there is too much.

#### Related terms

* protension
* protensive
* protention

### Anagrams

* dropnet, portend
# proxenet
## English
### Etymology

Latin proxeneta, from Ancient Greek.

### Noun

proxenet (plural proxenets)
* A negotiator; a factor, especially one who negotiates marriages.
** 1659, Henry More, The Immortality of the Soul, so Farre Forth as It is Demonstrable from the Knowledge of Nature and the Light of Reason, London: […] J[ames] Flesher, for William Morden […], →OCLC:the common Proxenet or Contractor of all natural Matches and Marriages betwixt Forms and Matter
** 1668, Deus Justificatus: or the Divine Goodness vindicated, page 135:Let therefore Love, which is the Proxenet of Nature , the great instrument of conciliating hearts , beget in thee a return and retribution of Love, and never think of those streams of blood which so copioufly flowed from the wounded body of thy dying Lord, without a passive and melting spirit;
** 1720, Scotland. Court of Session, Alexander Bruce, The Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, page 35:And having not done it, it's clear that he acted not as a proxenet, but judged himself bound for the Price.
** 1876 March 31, Josiah Crampton, “The Three Heavens”, in The Pall Mall Budget, volume 16, page 21:For centuries it has been the cherished dream of a few philosophers and many divines to be the proxenet of a marriage altogether above the earth , and to associate their names with the sure and final wedlock of science and theology.
* A madam; a woman who runs a brothel.
** 1907, Augustus Ravogli, Syphilis in Its Medical, Medico-legal and Sociological Aspects, page 473:If taken against their consent, the procuress, or the proxenet who has caused the ruin of the firl less than twenty-one, is severely punished.
** 1908, Auguste Forel, The Sexual Question, page 301:An old proxenet in Paris requested the authorities to transfer the management of her brothel to her daughter, aged nineteen.
** 1999, Leyla Rouhi, Mediation and Love, page 19:Pimps and proxenets took specific charge of the managerial and financial aspects of prosti- tution , and supervised financial transactions with the clients , in addition to purchasing young orphans or abandoned children whom they trained for prostitution.

#### Derived terms

* proxenetism

### Anagrams

* pentorex

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French proxénète.

### Noun

proxenet m (plural proxeneți)
* pimp
# enclaved
## English
### Adjective

enclaved (comparative more enclaved, superlative most enclaved)
* Forming an enclave; isolated within a surrounding area that has a different culture and/or political identity.
** 1996, Edward H. Lawson, Mary Lou Bertucci, Encyclopedia of Human Rights, page 1055:Some particularly severe cases of enclaved groups existed in the Soviet Union from the time of the Second World War.
** 2011, Vitalis Pemunta Ngambouk, Health and Cultural Values, page 102:Coincidentally, this region is the most resistant to change and is very enclaved lacking even access roads.
** 2018, Rama Salla Dieng, “'Gone Native?': Reflections of a Feminist tightrope Walker's Research on 'Land Grabbing' and the Delemmas of 'Fieldworking' While Parenting”, in Ruth Jackson, Max Kelly, editor, Women Researching in Africa: The Impact of Gender, page 40:The village of research was very enclaved and no public transportation.
* Consisting of tightly-knit groups that are closed off from outsiders.
** 2006, E. Peck, Beyond Delivery, page 146:In contrast, work by Barnes, Sullivan and Matka (2003) on Health Action Zones suggests that, where professional commitment is to be secured and where risk taking is to be encouraged, more enclaved forms , with their internally more egalitarian relations and sharper boundaries with outsiders, are more appropriate than individualistic or hierarchical forms.
** 2013, James March, Handbook of Organizations:The enclaved relationship between constituencies provides more room for independence between offices than did the congruent relationship.
** 2016, P. Perri, N. Goodwin, E. Peck, Managing Networks of Twenty-First Century Organisations, page 202:It is not possible to know from this fact alone whether this marks a difference in the network form of scientist-DBF relations, but it would be of interest for future research to examine whether this might be associated with greater individualism in the Californian pattern and more enclaved styles in Massachusetts biotechnology firms during this period .

#### Derived terms

* unenclaved

### Verb

enclaved
* simple past and past participle of enclave

### Anagrams

* valenced
# byssoid
## English
### Adjective

byssoid (comparative more byssoid, superlative most byssoid)
* byssaceous.
** 1843, Thomas G. Rylands, “On the nature of teh Byssoid Substance found investing the Roots of Monotropa Hypopitys”, in The Phytologist: A Popular Botanical Miscellany, page 341:The opinions already expressed in 'The Phytologist,' relative to the nature of the byssoid substance found on the roots of Monotropa, from all stations that have supplied specimens for examination, are as follows.
** 1871, Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, Handbook of British Fungi, page 322:At first consisting of loose, distinct, byssoid fibres, in which state it frequently remains without producing a true hymenium, next forming a thin, resupinate, silky, subpulverulent stratum, with a beautiful byssoid margin, at length furnished with a true hymenium, and beset with minute white bristles.
** 2009, André Aptroot, M. R. D. Seaward, Laurens B. Sparrius, Biodiversity and Ecology of Lichens, page 54:Hypothallus below the entire thallus, byssoid, whitish, composed of 1-2 μm thick hypae.
# earnable
## English
### Etymology

From earn +‎ -able.

### Adjective

earnable (not comparable)
* Capable of being earned.

#### Derived terms

* unearnable

### Noun

earnable (plural earnables)
* Something that can be earned, especially a reward for good behavior.
** 1988, Vincent B. Van Hasselt, Phillip S. Strain, Michel Hersen, Handbook of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, page 304:In the past, I have had the most success with "earnables," which involve structured free time and normally scheduled activities (e.g., working on a special project. A teacher should avoid buying the child out with edibles and material rewards (which soon lose their effectiveness or become too costly), and establish a firm time period(s) for reinforcement delivery that is not too distant from the work period ( i.e., avoid home-based or after-school consequences when possible — these children are impulsive and have inadequate delay skills!) .
** 1996, Frank Whigham, Seizures of the Will in Early Modern English Drama, page 201:What Ferdinand would hoard, she circulates. He fastens on the absolutes of ascriptive identity; the duchess, on the earnables of achieved character.
** 2003, Lucia Zedner, Andrew Ashworth, The Criminological Foundations of Penal Policy, page 120:However, it was recognized by Prison Service Headquarters that not all of these 'key earnables' would be relevant in all prisons (for example, all women prisoners already wore their own clothes, and there were no plans to change this; long-term prisoners in conditions of maximum security could not expect community visits).
# self-excite
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ excite.

### Verb

self-excite (third-person singular simple present self-excites, present participle self-exciting, simple past and past participle self-excited)
* To energize or excite (the field magnets of a dynamo) by induction from the residual magnetism of its cores, leading all or a part of the current thus produced through the field-magnet coils.
** 1994, The Free-energy Device Handbook, page 116:Using metal rollers to simulate the earth's cylindrical eddy currents, the team found some interesting results after beginning with a few viscosity problems. "...a more efficient geometry was found, so efficient that the dynamo would self-excite in a completely homogeneous state (i.e. with no insulation ) at a much lower rotor speed than was believed possible" [12] .
** 2005, Mukund R. Patel, Wind and Solar Power Systems, page 98:The induction generator can self-excite using the external capacitor only if the rotor has an adequate remnant magnetic field.
** 2016, Bikash Pandey, Ajoy Karki, Hydroelectric Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment, page 342:This so-called "field flashing" reestablishes the residual magnetism to allow the generator to self-excite.
* To self-generate a state of excitation.
** 1998, Robert Jervis, System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life, page 150:Thus warning systems can self-excite when they go on alert: When a decision maker thinks that an attack is likely, he will place more credence in reports indicating that a war is imminent than he would if the same information were received in a period of calm, and actions of the other side that usually would be missed or seen as innocent will be perceived as evincing hostile intentions.
** 2013, Larry Squire, Fundamental Neuroscience, page 858:In a subsequent revision of the RI hypothesis, mutually excitatory interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons underlie the rapidly escalating firing of pontine reticular REM-on neurons during REM sleep and cholinergic REM-on cells both self-excite and self-inhibit via cholinergic autoreceptors.
** 2019, Peter Tiňo, Bill G. Home, C. Lee Giles, “Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of Fixed Points in Discrete Time Recurrent Neural Networks with Two Neurons”, in Joseph T. DeWitte, editor, Proceedings of the 1995 World Congress on Neural Networks, page 62:When both neurons self-excite themselves and have the same mutual interaction pattern, the mechanism of creation of a new attractive fixed point is shown to be that of saddle node bifurcation.

### References

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “self-excite”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
* “self-excite”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# ཁ་ལག
## Tibetan
### Etymology

ཁ (kha, “mouth”) +‎ ལག (lag, “arm, hand”)

### Pronunciation

* Old Tibetan: /*kʰa.lak/
* Lhasa: /kha˥˥.la(k̚)ˀ˥˨/
* Old Tibetan:
** IPA: /*kʰa.lak/ (reconstructed)
* Ü-Tsang
** Tibetan pinyin: kha$^f$-lag$^h$
** (Lhasa) IPA: /kha˥˥.la(k̚)ˀ˥˨/

### Noun

ཁ་ལག • (kha lag)
“mouth” :
| Plain | ཁ (kha) |
| Honorific | ཞལ (zhal) |
* (Classical) hand and mouth; face and arms
* (Lhasa, Ü) food
    Synonyms: ལྟོ (lto), (honorific) ཞལ་ལག (zhal lag)

### References

* “ཁ་ལག” in The Tibetan Living Dictionary, Mandala Collections, 2021.
* Goldstein, Melvyn; Narkyid, Ngawangthondup (1984) English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. University of California Press. Page 173. →ISBN
* Tournadre, Nicolas; Suzuki, Hiroyuki (2023) The Tibetic Languages: An Introduction to the Family of Languages Derived from Old Tibetan, Lacito Publications, page 732. →ISBN.
# body plan
## English
### Noun

body plan (plural body plans)
* The morphological features common to a group of (typically, related) animals.
** 1902, Thomas H. Montgomery, Jr., “On Phylogenetic Classification”, in Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania, page 212:In a radiate body plan, as shown by a star-fish, the body is composed on the principle of converging rays, the antimeres; each of the latter is bilaterally symmetrical, with a distinction between dorsal and ventral, and contains a series of "organs"; and each of these organs has its minor parts.
** 1998, Brian K. Hall, Evolutionary Developmental Biology, page 28:Each phylum originated from a single founding species, is characterized by a unique body plan or Bauplan (Chapter 6), and had an independent evolutionary history for over 540 to 560 million years according to most current estimates.
** 2009, John Reiss, Not by Design: Retiring Darwin’s Watchmaker, page 345:If we ascribe all limitation of variation in body plan to the limitations imposed by functional constraints during development and during independent existence, then we have indeed a thoroughgoing "selectionist" or "conditions for existence" account for such stability.
* (nautical) A model used in the construction of a boat or ship, composed to transverse sections perpendicular to the keel.
** 1869, Richard W. Meade, A Treatise on Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding, page 201:The middle line of the body plan, or fore perpendicular, is drawn square to the base, and the half siding of the stem and stern-post on each side of it.
** 1872, P. R. Marett, Yachts and yacht building, page 6:The sections of the body plan will end at the half siding of the keel, stem or stern-post as to breadth, and at the lower edge of the rabbet of the keel as to depth in each section.
** 1911, Neil J. McDermaid, Shipyard Practice as Applied to Warship Construction, page 218:For this reason the table of offsets is given, as the displacement has been obtained from them and errors would creep in if they were scaled from the body plan.
* A scheme of diet and exercise designed to maintain a healthy body.
** 1987, Leslie Kenton, The Ten Day Pure Body Plan, page 14:The first day of your pure body plan should be a Friday.
** 2013, Abigail Bray, Elizabeth Reid Boyd, Body Talk: A power guide for girls:It will be a diary, a journal, an adventure, a body plan, a creative space where you can experiment with different ways of being. A place to create some new body rules.
** 2013, Shirley Mitchell, Sensational After 60: Loving Life All Over Again:He continued, "You need to make a body plan to keep everything up and running smoothly until the last years of your life." What will your body plan be?

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “body plan”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “body plan”, in Collins English Dictionary.
# ברקת
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *wVrrVḳānt- (“green gemstone”), derived from the root *w-r-ḳ ‘to be yellow/green’ referring generically to any green precious stone, including green jasper.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

בָּרֶקֶת • (baréket) f
* (modern Hebrew) emerald

#### Synonyms

* אזמרגד

### References

* “ברקת” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
* Ayil, Ephraim S. (2024). "Chapter 5 ‮בָּרֶקֶת‬ Bāreḳeṯ—Green Jasper". In Identifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004678002_006

### Further reading

* ברקת on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# פרע
## Hebrew
### Verb

פָּרַע • (pará) (pa'al construction)
* to pay (a bill)
* (Biblical Hebrew) To let loose; to tear, destroy; to loosen, disarrange; to neglect (the hair).
** Tanach, Exodus 32:25, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:כִּי פְרָעֹה אַהֲרֹן לְשִׁמְצָה בְּקָמֵיהֶםfor Aaron had let them loose for a derision among their enemies
** Tanach, Leviticus 10:6, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:רָאשֵׁיכֶם אַל תִּפְרָעוּ וּבִגְדֵיכֶם לֹא תִפְרֹמוּ וְלֹא תָמֻתוּ וְעַל כָּל הָעֵדָה יִקְצֹףLet not the hair of your heads go loose, neither rend your clothes, that ye die not, and that He be not wroth with all the congregation
* To uncover.
** a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Chullin 91a:פרע להן בית השחיטהUncover the place of cutting for them (show them that the animal has been cut according to the ritual).
* (Mishnaic Hebrew, Jewish law) to uncover the corona, to split the membrane and pull it down.
* (Mishnaic Hebrew) To settle with; to punish.
** a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Bava Metzi'a 4:2:מי שפרע מאנשי דור המבול..., הוא עתיד להיפרע ממי שאינו עומד בדיבורוHe who punished the men of the generation of the Flood… He will punish him who does not stand by his word (although the court cannot compel him).
* (Biblical Hebrew) To go back; to set at nought.
** Tanach, Ezekiel 24:14, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:לֹא אֶפְרַע וְלֹא אָחוּס וְלֹא אֶנָּחֵםI will not go back, neither will I spare, neither will I repent
** Tanach, Proverbs 1:25, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וַתִּפְרְעוּ כָל עֲצָתִיBut ye have set at nought all my counsel

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Pronounced פָּרַעְתֶּם and פָּרַעְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. $^2$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

### References

* “פרע” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1235
# Great Terror
## English
### Proper noun

the Great Terror
* (Soviet Union, historical) Synonym of Great Purge

#### Synonyms

* Yezhovshchina
* Yezhov Era
# heatstable
## English
### Adjective

heatstable (comparative more heatstable, superlative most heatstable)
* Alternative form of heat stable
** 1946, Journal of Immunology, page 134:When it was learned that the antigen is heatstable, attempts were made to "demask" it in the fresh mucosa by boiling.
** 1951, Nagoya Journal of Medical Science - Volume 14, Issue 5, page 66:As summarized in table 5, the emulsion of normal mouse lung contains two kinds of inhibitor, the one is heatstable and the other heatlabile.
** 2006, Willy Herbst, Klaus Hunger, Industrial Organic Pigments, page 358:Due to its solvent fastness in baking enamels it is fast to overpainting at 120°C, shows a slight bleeding at 140°C (after 30 minutes baking time) and is heatstable up to 200°C.
** 2013, H.W. Intorp, H. Gruber, E. Fasske, H. Themann, “Pathological Findings Following Immunization with Vascular Tissues”, in Werner H. Hauss, RObert W. Wissler, Rolf Lehmann, editor, International Symposium: State of Prevention and Therapy in Human Arteriosclerosis and in Animal Models, page 204:Reactions of rabbit antiserum 3081 with various heatstable and ethanolinsoluble bovine tissue preparations.
# duck or no dinner
## English
### Phrase

duck or no dinner
* Synonym of take it or leave it.
** 1917, Malcolm C. Fenwick, Life in the Cup, page 22:"Do you mean it is 'fish or cut bait,' 'duck or no dinner ?'" asked the librarian.
** 2014, Art Crews, Judy Burleigh-Crews, We Made ’Em Look Good, page 76:You were urged to keep status quo, shut your mouth, and go along with the flow. It was sort of like a Louisiana saying, "It was duck or no dinner."
** 2020, Shane Ross, In Bed with the Blueshirts:The Charter was, of course, a compromise beteen the different approaches of the leading members of the Independent Alliance. There had been arguments galore about it. At one point, the attempted input from councillors had prompted an exasperated Michael Fitzmaurice to say that they should be told they would have to accept the 'full duck or no dinner.'
* Alternative form of all duck or no dinner
** 1889, Lew Wallace, Living Leaders of the World:The same thing that has given a bent to many other minds—necessity. With him it was shoot duck or no dinner.·
** 1992, R. P. T. Davenport-Hines, Judy Slinn, Glaxo: A History to 1962, page 318:In Birchley's phrase, there was no stability: 'either duck or no dinner'.
** 1998, Henry W. Thomas, Walter Johnson: Baseball's Big Train, page 391:Asked by Steadman what he did when Johnson threw at him, Baker replied: "It was either duck or no dinner."