# -ine
## English
### Pronunciation

* (depending on the word taking the suffix) IPA: /-aɪn/, /-iːn/, /-ɪn~-ən/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English -in, -ine, from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. More at -en.

#### Suffix

-ine
* (chiefly non-productive) Of or pertaining to.
    asinine, marine, bovine, cervine
* Used to form demonyms.
    Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine, Florentine
* (chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.
    amine, aniline, caffeine, iodine
* Commercial materials.
    ‎glass + ‎-ine → ‎glassine

##### Usage notes

While multiple pronunciations are given above for this suffix, they are not freely interchangeable; instead, each word taking the suffix often only takes one or two of the suffix's possible pronunciations. For example, feminine is almost always pronounced with /-ɪn/, while marine is almost always pronounced with /-iːn/. However, more technical terms (such as iodine, which can take any of the suffix's three possible pronunciations) may not have an established pronunciation, though in feminine names (Maxine) and chemical use (theobromine), the pronunciation /-iːn/ is the most frequent, while in other technical formations (bovine) /-aɪn/ is common.

##### Related terms

* -in

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From French -ine, feminine of -in; Latin -īna, feminine of -īnus.

#### Suffix

-ine
* (non-productive) Used to form feminine nouns.
    ‎hero + ‎-ine → ‎heroine
    ‎speaker + ‎-ine → ‎speakerine
* (non-productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles.
    ‎Clement + ‎-ine → ‎Clementine
    ‎landgrave + ‎-ine → ‎landgravine

##### Synonyms

* -a, -ess, -ette, -ress, she-, -trix

##### Antonyms

* he-

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

Variant of -en.

#### Suffix

-ine
* Found in the plural forms of a small number of English words. Not productive.
    ‎cow + ‎-ine → ‎kine
    ‎sow + ‎-ine → ‎swine

### References

* “-ine”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
* “-ine”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* ↑ “-ine, suffix$^4$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Anagrams

* -ein, EIN, NEI, NIE, Nie

## Finnish
### Etymology

From the same source as -ne (noun-forming suffix) (seen in murene, etc.), with contamination from -in (instrumental suffix) in both form and meaning.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ineˣ/, [-ine̞(ʔ)]

### Suffix

-ine
* Forms diminutive forms of nouns, particularly for objects or tools.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of -ine (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineeni
-ineeni
accusative
nom.
-ineeni
-ineeni
gen.
-ineeni
genitive
-ineeni
-ineideni -ineitteni
partitive
-inettani
-ineitani
inessive
-ineessani
-ineissani
elative
-ineestani
-ineistani
illative
-ineeseeni
-ineisiini -ineihini
adessive
-ineellani
-ineillani
ablative
-ineeltani
-ineiltani
allative
-ineelleni
-ineilleni
essive
-ineenani
-ineinani
translative
-ineekseni
-ineikseni
abessive
-ineettani
-ineittani
instructive
comitative
—-ineineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineesi
-ineesi
accusative
nom.
-ineesi
-ineesi
gen.
-ineesi
genitive
-ineesi
-ineidesi -ineittesi
partitive
-inettasi
-ineitasi
inessive
-ineessasi
-ineissasi
elative
-ineestasi
-ineistasi
illative
-ineeseesi
-ineisiisi -ineihisi
adessive
-ineellasi
-ineillasi
ablative
-ineeltasi
-ineiltasi
allative
-ineellesi
-ineillesi
essive
-ineenasi
-ineinasi
translative
-ineeksesi
-ineiksesi
abessive
-ineettasi
-ineittasi
instructive
comitative
—-ineinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineemme
-ineemme
accusative
nom.
-ineemme
-ineemme
gen.
-ineemme
genitive
-ineemme
-ineidemme -ineittemme
partitive
-inettamme
-ineitamme
inessive
-ineessamme
-ineissamme
elative
-ineestamme
-ineistamme
illative
-ineeseemme
-ineisiimme -ineihimme
adessive
-ineellamme
-ineillamme
ablative
-ineeltamme
-ineiltamme
allative
-ineellemme
-ineillemme
essive
-ineenamme
-ineinamme
translative
-ineeksemme
-ineiksemme
abessive
-ineettamme
-ineittamme
instructive
comitative
—-ineinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineenne
-ineenne
accusative
nom.
-ineenne
-ineenne
gen.
-ineenne
genitive
-ineenne
-ineidenne -ineittenne
partitive
-inettanne
-ineitanne
inessive
-ineessanne
-ineissanne
elative
-ineestanne
-ineistanne
illative
-ineeseenne
-ineisiinne -ineihinne
adessive
-ineellanne
-ineillanne
ablative
-ineeltanne
-ineiltanne
allative
-ineellenne
-ineillenne
essive
-ineenanne
-ineinanne
translative
-ineeksenne
-ineiksenne
abessive
-ineettanne
-ineittanne
instructive
comitative
—-ineinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineensa
-ineensa
accusative
nom.
-ineensa
-ineensa
gen.
-ineensa
genitive
-ineensa
-ineidensa -ineittensa
partitive
-inettaan -inettansa
-ineitaan -ineitansa
inessive
-ineessaan -ineessansa
-ineissaan -ineissansa
elative
-ineestaan -ineestansa
-ineistaan -ineistansa
illative
-ineeseensa
-ineisiinsa -ineihinsa
adessive
-ineellaan -ineellansa
-ineillaan -ineillansa
ablative
-ineeltaan -ineeltansa
-ineiltaan -ineiltansa
allative
-ineelleen -ineellensa
-ineilleen -ineillensa
essive
-ineenaan -ineenansa
-ineinaan -ineinansa
translative
-ineekseen -ineeksensa
-ineikseen -ineiksensa
abessive
-ineettaan -ineettansa
-ineittaan -ineittansa
instructive
comitative
—-ineineen -ineinensa :
Possessive forms of -ine (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineeni
-ineeni
accusative
nom.
-ineeni
-ineeni
gen.
-ineeni
genitive
-ineeni
-ineideni -ineitteni
partitive
-inettäni
-ineitäni
inessive
-ineessäni
-ineissäni
elative
-ineestäni
-ineistäni
illative
-ineeseeni
-ineisiini -ineihini
adessive
-ineelläni
-ineilläni
ablative
-ineeltäni
-ineiltäni
allative
-ineelleni
-ineilleni
essive
-ineenäni
-ineinäni
translative
-ineekseni
-ineikseni
abessive
-ineettäni
-ineittäni
instructive
comitative
—-ineineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineesi
-ineesi
accusative
nom.
-ineesi
-ineesi
gen.
-ineesi
genitive
-ineesi
-ineidesi -ineittesi
partitive
-inettäsi
-ineitäsi
inessive
-ineessäsi
-ineissäsi
elative
-ineestäsi
-ineistäsi
illative
-ineeseesi
-ineisiisi -ineihisi
adessive
-ineelläsi
-ineilläsi
ablative
-ineeltäsi
-ineiltäsi
allative
-ineellesi
-ineillesi
essive
-ineenäsi
-ineinäsi
translative
-ineeksesi
-ineiksesi
abessive
-ineettäsi
-ineittäsi
instructive
comitative
—-ineinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineemme
-ineemme
accusative
nom.
-ineemme
-ineemme
gen.
-ineemme
genitive
-ineemme
-ineidemme -ineittemme
partitive
-inettämme
-ineitämme
inessive
-ineessämme
-ineissämme
elative
-ineestämme
-ineistämme
illative
-ineeseemme
-ineisiimme -ineihimme
adessive
-ineellämme
-ineillämme
ablative
-ineeltämme
-ineiltämme
allative
-ineellemme
-ineillemme
essive
-ineenämme
-ineinämme
translative
-ineeksemme
-ineiksemme
abessive
-ineettämme
-ineittämme
instructive
comitative
—-ineinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineenne
-ineenne
accusative
nom.
-ineenne
-ineenne
gen.
-ineenne
genitive
-ineenne
-ineidenne -ineittenne
partitive
-inettänne
-ineitänne
inessive
-ineessänne
-ineissänne
elative
-ineestänne
-ineistänne
illative
-ineeseenne
-ineisiinne -ineihinne
adessive
-ineellänne
-ineillänne
ablative
-ineeltänne
-ineiltänne
allative
-ineellenne
-ineillenne
essive
-ineenänne
-ineinänne
translative
-ineeksenne
-ineiksenne
abessive
-ineettänne
-ineittänne
instructive
comitative
—-ineinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ineensä
-ineensä
accusative
nom.
-ineensä
-ineensä
gen.
-ineensä
genitive
-ineensä
-ineidensä -ineittensä
partitive
-inettään -inettänsä
-ineitään -ineitänsä
inessive
-ineessään -ineessänsä
-ineissään -ineissänsä
elative
-ineestään -ineestänsä
-ineistään -ineistänsä
illative
-ineeseensä
-ineisiinsä -ineihinsä
adessive
-ineellään -ineellänsä
-ineillään -ineillänsä
ablative
-ineeltään -ineeltänsä
-ineiltään -ineiltänsä
allative
-ineelleen -ineellensä
-ineilleen -ineillensä
essive
-ineenään -ineenänsä
-ineinään -ineinänsä
translative
-ineekseen -ineeksensä
-ineikseen -ineiksensä
abessive
-ineettään -ineettänsä
-ineittään -ineittänsä
instructive
comitative
—-ineineen -ineinensä :

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* ein, ien

## French
### Etymology

From -in m +‎ -e f.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
* IPA: /in/

### Suffix

-ine f (plural -ines)
* -ine; forms chemical substances
    ‎café m (“coffee”) + ‎-ine → ‎caféine f (“caffeine”)
* forms diminutives
    ‎escalope f (“escalope (cut of meat)”) + ‎-ine → ‎escalopine f (“small escalope”)
    ‎feutre m (“felt (material)”) + ‎-ine → ‎feutrine f (“lightweight felt”)
* female equivalent of -in; forms female agent nouns
    ‎pèler(in) m (“pilgrim”) + ‎-ine → ‎pèlerine f (“female pilgrim”)
    ‎assass(in) m (“assassin”) + ‎-ine → ‎assassine f (“female assassin”)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “-ine”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Suffix

-ine
* (nonstandard) Used to form feminine nouns.
    ‎Azubi + ‎-ine → ‎Azubine
    ‎Dackel (“dachshund”) + ‎-ine → ‎Dackeline

## Irish
### Suffix

-ine f
* genitive of -in

## Italian
### Suffix

-ine f pl
* plural of -ina

### Anagrams

* nei

## Latin
### Suffix

-īne
* vocative masculine singular of -īnus

### Suffix

-inē
* feminine nominative singular of -ῐνος (-ĭnos), in Latinized Greek

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (-ine) [ɪnʲɛ], (-inè) [ɪˈnʲɛ]
Note that a preceding consonant will be palatalised.

### Suffix

-ine
* instrumental singular feminine of -inis (“of + noun”)

### Suffix

-inè
* instrumental singular feminine of -ìnis (“of + noun”)

## Livvi
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Ingrian -in and Finnish -nen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-inʲe/

### Suffix

-ine
* Used to form diminutive nouns; -ie

#### Declension

This suffix needs an inflection-table template.