# rio
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rio (plural rios or rio)
* Alternative form of ryō (“Japanese ounce”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

rio (uncountable)
* A grade of Spanish saffron, in quality below mancha and coupé but above standard and sierra.

### Anagrams

* OIr, Ori, ROI, RoI, Roi

## 'Are'are
### Verb

rio
* to look

### References

* Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Inherited from Spanish río.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrio/, [ˈri.o]
* Hyphenation: ri‧o

### Noun

río
* river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea)

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rīvus.

### Noun

rio m (plural rios) (ORB, broad)
* brook; stream

### References

* ruisseau in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* rio in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 431: “un ruscello” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 1175B: “ruisseau” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rīvus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 422

## Galician
### Verb

rio
* (reintegrationist norm) first-person singular present indicative of rir

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈri.o/
* Rhymes: -io
* Hyphenation: rì‧o

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin rius (“river”), from Latin rīvus (“a small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós, from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move or set in motion”) and *-wós. Doublet of rivo.

#### Noun

rio m (plural rii)
* brook; stream; streamlet
    Synonym: ruscello
* (Venice) a stretch of urban canal

##### Related terms

* rivo

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin reus. Compare Romanian rău (“bad”), Dalmatian ri (“bad”). Doublet of the borrowed Italian reo.

#### Adjective

rio (feminine ria, masculine plural rii, feminine plural rie)
* captive; hostile
* (obsolete) guilty
* (obsolete) wicked
** 1724, George Frideric Handel, Giulio Cesare (librettist: Nicola Francesco Haym)
    Piangerò la sorte mia, sì crudele e tanto ria.I shall lament my fate, so cruel and so wicked.
** 1839, Gaetano Donizetti, Roberto Devereux (librettist: Salvadore Cammarano)
    Delitto sì rio, clemenza non merta.A crime so wicked, it does not merit clemency.

### Anagrams

* -irò, -ori, ori

## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish rio, ryo, from Vulgar Latin rius (“river”), from Latin rīvus (“a small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós, from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move or set in motion”) and *-wós.

#### Noun

río m (Hebrew spelling ריאו)
* lake
* river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea)
** 1553, “Genesis, II”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara‎, page 2:Y Rio ſaliente de Heden, para abrevar al huerto: y de ahi ſe eſpartia y era por quatro cabeças Nõbre del uno Piſſon: el, el arrodeãte à toda tierra de Havilah, que ahi el oro Y oro de la tierra la eſſa bueno:ahi el chriſtal, y piedra de Sohã Y nõbre del rio el ſegundo, Guihõ:el, el arrodeãte á toda tierra de Ethiopia.And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became four heads. The name of the first is Pishon; that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; and the gold of that land is good; there is bdellium and the onyx stone. And the name of the second river is Gihon; the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Cush.
** 2009, ירון בן־נאה, תורכיה‎, משרד החינוך, המזכירות הפדגוגית, המרכז לשילוב מורשת יהדות המזרח, page 190:“Sera komo un arvol plantado serka de la agua ke sus raizes estan asta el rio, raizes munças, no syente kalor, sus ojas kedan syempre freskas, no sufre en el anyo de sekura, i nunka keda de dar su fruto”.‘It shall be like a tree planted near water [in] that its roots, many roots, stretch to the river; it feels no heat, its always keeps it leaves fresh, not suffering in the year of drought, and it never ceases to give fruit.’

##### Alternative forms

* río, ryo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

rio (Hebrew spelling ריאו)
* first-person singular present indicative of riir
* third-person singular preterite indicative of riir

### References

* ↑ “rio”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish réud.

### Noun

rio m (genitive singular rioee, plural rioghyn)
* frost
    Bee rio ayn noght. ― It will freeze tonight.
* ice
    T'ou shooyl er rio thanney. ― You are walking on thin ice.

### Verb

rio (verbal noun riojey, past participle riojit)
* freeze
* ice up

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Galicia) IPA: /ˈri.o/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈri.ʊ/
* Rhymes: -io

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin rius (“river”), from Latin rīvus (“a small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós, from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move or set in motion”) and *-wós.

#### Noun

rio m (plural rios)
* river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea)
    Synonym: frume
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 142 (facsimile):Como ſanta maria quis gua[r]dar de morte un ome dun Rei que ent(ra)ra […] en un Rio.How Holy Mary saved from death one of the king's men who had entered a river.

##### Descendants

* Fala: ríu
* Galician: río
* Portuguese: rio
** Guinea-Bissau Creole: riu
** → Hunsrik: Rio
** → Saramaccan: lío

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

rio
* first-person singular present indicative of riir

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “rio”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “rio”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “rio”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN

## Old Spanish
### Alternative forms

* ryo

### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin rius (“river”), from Latin rīvus (“a small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós, from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move or set in motion”) and *-wós.

### Noun

rio m (plural rios)
* river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea)
    Synonym: flum

#### Descendants

* Ladino: rio, ריאו
* Spanish: río

### References

* Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “rio”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 444

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.u/ [ˈhi.u], /ˈʁiw/ [ˈhiʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.u/ [ˈhi.u], /ˈʁiw/ [ˈhiʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁi.u/ [ˈχi.u], /ˈʁiw/ [ˈχiʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁi.u/
* (Central, Southern Portugal) IPA: [ˈʁiw]
* Audio (Northern Portugal):(file)
* Rhymes: -iu
* Homophone: Rio
* Homophones: riu (Central and Southern Portugal, Brazil), ril (Brazil)
* Hyphenation: ri‧o

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese rio (“river”), from Vulgar Latin rius (“river”), from Latin rīvus (“a small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós, from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move or set in motion”) and *-wós.
Cognate with Galician río, Spanish río, Catalan riu, Occitan riu, French ru, Italian rio, rivo and Romanian râu.

#### Noun

rio m (plural rios)
* river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea)
    Synonym: (rare) flume
** 1914, Alberto Caeiro, O Tejo é mais belo que o rio que corre pela minha aldeia:O Tejo é mais bello que o rio que corre pela minha aldeiaThe Tagus is more beautiful than the river that flows through my village
* (figuratively) a large amount of anything
    Ganhamos um rio de dinheiro.We earned a truckload of money.

##### Derived terms

* ria
* riacho
* Rio de Janeiro

##### Related terms

* derivação
* derivar
* derivativo
* rival
* rivalidade

##### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: riu
* → Hunsrik: Rio
* → Saramaccan: lío

##### See also

* afluente
* fluvial
* foz
* lago
* leito
* nascente
* praia fluvial
* ribeira
* ribeiro

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

rio
* first-person singular present indicative of rir

### Further reading

* “rio” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “rio”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “rio”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* rió

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrjo/ [ˈrjo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: rio

### Noun

rio
* Misspelling of río.

### Verb

rio
* third-person singular preterite indicative of reír

## Tabaru
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɾi.o]

### Noun

rio
* a footprint

### References

* Edward A. Kotynski (1988) “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɾi.o]

### Verb

rio
* (stative) to help, assist

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh