# जड
## Konkani
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zəɖ]

### Adjective

जड • (jaḍ) (Latin script zodd, Kannada script ಜಡ್)
* heavy

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘕𑘚 (jaḍa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa), from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa). Related to जाड (jāḍ), जाडे (jāḍe, “thick, stout, fat”). Compare Gujarati જડ (jaḍ), Hindustani جَڑ (jaṛ) / जड़ (jaṛ), Sindhi جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu), Odia ଜଡ଼ (jaṛa), Bengali জড় (joṛ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡zəɖ/

### Adjective

जड • (j̈aḍ)
* heavy
* sluggish
    जीभ जड होणे ― jībh j̈aḍ hoṇe ― to have unclear articulation (literally, “tongue to become sluggish”)
* difficult
    जड जाणे ― j̈aḍ j̈āṇe ― to be difficult (literally, “to go difficult”)
* (of water) hard (with a high concentration of dissolved minerals)
    जड पाणी ― j̈aḍ pāṇī ― hard water
* inanimate

#### Derived terms

* अवजड (avj̈aḍ)
* बोजड (boj̈aḍ)

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “जड”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Raeside, Ian Matthew Paton, Nemade, Bhalchandra Vanaji (1991) Marathi Reading Course, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, page 188
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “जड”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “जड”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* জড (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬟ (Balinese script)
* জড (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀟 (Brahmi script)
* ဇဍ (Burmese script)
* જડ (Gujarati script)
* ਜਡ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑌡 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦝ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂙 (Kaithi script)
* ಜಡ (Kannada script)
* ជឌ (Khmer script)
* ຊຑ (Lao script)
* ജഡ (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠠᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘚 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠠᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐜 (Newa script)
* ଜଡ (Odia script)
* ꢙꢞ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆝 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖚 (Siddham script)
* ජඩ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩨 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚖 (Takri script)
* ஜட³ (Tamil script)
* జడ (Telugu script)
* ชฑ (Thai script)
* ཛ་ཌ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Uncertain.
* According to Turner, probably of substrate origin.
* According to proponents of Fortunatov's law, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gel-d-os via Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́alḍás. In this case, related to Vedic जळ्हु (jáḷhu, “dull”), जल् (jal, “to be stiff or dull”), and cognate with English cold and Latin gelidus.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ/

### Adjective

जड • (jaḍá) stem
* cold, frigid
* stiff, torpid
* stupid, dull

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* अजड (ajaḍa)
* जडता (jaḍatā)
* जडत्व (jaḍatva)
* जडभाव (jaḍabhāva)
* जडयति (jaḍayati, “makes without feeling for, renders weak”)
* जाड्य (jāḍya, “coldness”, Vṛddhi derivative)

#### Descendants

* Pali: jaḷa (“dull, stupid”)
* Prakrit: 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa, “lifeless, foolish, cold”), 𑀚𑀮 n (jala, “coldness”), 𑀚𑀟𑁆𑀟 (jaḍḍa, “weak”)
** Gujarati: જડ (jaḍ)
** Hindustani:
*** Hindi: जड़ (jaṛ)
*** Urdu: جَڑ (jaṛ)
** Sindhi: جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu)
** Odia: ଜଡ଼ (jaṛa)
** Bengali: জড় (joṛ)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “जड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press