# ná
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of ná – see 哪 (“which; what; any; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 哪).

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse ná.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nauː/
* Rhymes: -auː

### Verb

ná
* to reach (a place) [with dative]
* to get, catch, apprehend (a physical object) [with dative]
* to reach, attain (a goal) [with dative]
    Ég mun ná heimsyfirráðum!I will attain world domination!

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* ná í
* ná sér
* ná sér í

### Anagrams

* án

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /n̪ˠɑː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /n̪ˠa(ː)/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish ná (“don't”, prohibitive particle).

#### Particle

ná
* don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
    Ná déan sin.Don’t do that.
    Ná habair é.Don’t mention it.
* may...not (particle used with raibh, the present subjunctive of bí, to introduce a negative wish)
    Dealbh ná raibh tú.May you never be destitute.
* (Munster) Alternative form of nach (“not”) (in questions; triggers h-prothesis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)
    Ná fuil ocras ort?Are you not hungry?
    Chonac í, ná facas?I saw her, didn’t I?

#### Conjunction

ná (triggers h-prothesis, used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)
* (Munster) Alternative form of nach (“that...not”)
    Dúirt sé ná raibh carr aige.He said that he didn’t have a car.

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish ná (“nor”)

#### Conjunction

ná
* nor
    Níl deartháir ná deirfiúr agam.I have neither brother nor sister.
* used between two identical or similar words to intensify a negative
    Ní fhaca sí solas ná solas.She saw no light whatsoever.(literally, “She didn’t see light or light).”)

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

#### Alternative forms

* ioná (archaic)
* 'ná (superseded)

#### Conjunction

ná (triggers h-prothesis)
* than
    Is airde Máire ná Peadar.Mary is taller than Peter.
* but (used rhetorically in direct and indirect questions)
    Cé a bhí ina shuí ann ná m’athair féin?Who was sitting there but my own father?
* used to connect a predicate noun to its subject in a cleft sentence introduced by a copular form
    Is é a dúirt sé ná gur dhíol sé a ríomhaire lena chara.What he said was that he sold his computer to his friend.
** 1907, Peadar Ua Laoghaire, Séadna, page 6:Bhí fear ann fad ó agus isé ainim a bhí air ’ná Séadna.Once upon a time there was a man and the name that he had was Séadna.

##### Derived terms

* ná go, ná gur (“but that”)

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ná”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ná”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 87
* “ná”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* na — nonstandard

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Romanization

ná (na$^2$, Zhuyin ㄋㄚˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗱
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拏 / 拿
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拿
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 挏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 訣 / 诀
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 誽 / 𰵵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎿 / 镎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 镎

## Navajo
### Postposition

ná
* for you, for your sake
* in your favor
    ná yáʼátʼééh ― it is good for you
    ná áshłééh ― I’m making it for you

#### Inflection
## Northern Sami
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈnaː/

### Adverb

ná
* so, thus, in this way

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n͈aː/

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).

#### Particle

ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)
* don’t, let…not (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22$^b$26
    Ná bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing [with works of darkness], however, save infructuosa.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25$^c$6
    Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55$^a$1
    Ná déne ainmnit.Do not show patience.(literally, “Do not do patience.”)

##### Alternative forms

* na
* nách, nach (before an infixed pronoun)

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ná
** Irish: ná

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ná, na”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 862, 868, pages 539, 542; reprinted 2017

### Etymology 2

Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).

#### Conjunction

ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)
* (chiefly in the negative) or, nor

##### Quotations

* c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 49$^d$3
    .i. ní frithalim-se rucai ná mmebuil dam hisa suithin, ma fris·accar hi t’ainm-siu, a Dǽi.e. I expect neither shame nor disgrace to me for ever, if I hope in Your name, O God.

##### Alternative forms

* na

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ná
** Irish: ná

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 ná”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 865, page 540; reprinted 2017

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ne, *ni, *nī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
* ↑ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “2.*nó-h₁ ‘nicht’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 531

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwāną, related to (or derived from) Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz (“near”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).

### Verb

ná (singular past indicative náði, plural past indicative náðu, past participle nát)
* to get hold of, reach, overtake [with dative]
* to get, obtain
* (with infinitive) to be able to, to be allowed to

#### Related terms

* gnógr
* nær

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: ná
* Norwegian:
** Norwegian Bokmål: nå
** Norwegian Nynorsk: nå
* Swedish: nå
* Danish: nå

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ná”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 309; also available at the Internet Archive

## Portuguese
### Interjection

ná
* Eye dialect spelling of não.

## Skou
### Particle

ná
* polar interrogative particle
    Móe ing a mè mangmang me pi ná?Do you want to eat fish?

### References

* Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/ [ˈna]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ná

### Pronoun

ná
* (informal) Apocopic form of nada
    no pasa ná ― nothing happens

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [naː˧˥]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [naː˦]

### Etymology 1
#### Adverb

ná
* not (negates meaning of verb)
    ná chin ― not eat
    ná chắc ― not know
    slon lụ ná ― study or not

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

ná
* brassy; obstinate
    ná dú rườn hâu ― to stay at their house

#### Verb

ná
* to be blocked
    Slủng ná đạn.The gun was clogged.

### References

* Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *s-naːʔ (“crossbow”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ (“crossbow”). Cognate with Thavung ซะน่า, Khmer ស្នា (snaa), Koho söna. Doublet of nỏ.
Pain (2020) tentatively considered this to be a Chinese loan, from 弩 (OC *C.nˤaʔ) (B-S) (SV: nỗ), into Austroasiatic and Tai languages, likely through proto-Vietic.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [naː˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [naː˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [naː˦˥]

### Noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) ná • (弩, 𫸶, 梛, 󲈦, 那)
* (dialectal) Synonym of nỏ (“crossbow”)
* slingshot

### References

* ↑ Pain, Frederic. "”Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” 交趾) as a diffusion center of Chinese diachronic changes: syllabic weight contrast and phonologisation of its phonetic correlates".

### Anagrams

* án