# ganglion
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γᾰγγλῐ́ον (gănglĭ́on, “encysted tumour on a tendon or aponeurosis”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli.ən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æŋɡliən

### Noun

ganglion (plural ganglia or ganglions)
* (neuroanatomy)
** An encapsulated collection of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.
    Hyponyms: autonomic ganglion, cervical ganglion, dorsal root ganglion, Gasserian ganglion, geniculate ganglion, Meckel's ganglion, spinal ganglion
*** 1871, Charles Darwin, “On the Manner of Development of Man from some Lower Form”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Part I (On the Descent of Man), page 145:[T]he wonderfully diversified instincts, mental powers, and affections of ants are generally known, yet their cerebral ganglia are not so large as the quarter of a small pin's head.
** Any of certain masses of gray matter in the central nervous system, as the basal ganglia.
    Synonym: nucleus
*** 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.
* (transferred sense) A centre of intellectual or industrial force, activity, etc.
* (pathology) A benign cystic tumour on a tendon sheath or joint capsule.
    Synonym: ganglion cyst

#### Derived terms

* ciliary ganglion
* deganglionated
* gangliac
* ganglial
* gangliform
* ganglio-, gangli-
* ganglionary
* ganglion cyst
* ganglionectomy
* ganglionic
* ganglionitis
* ganglionless
* ganglionopathy
* ganglionosis
* gasserian ganglion
* hemiganglion
* inferior cervical ganglion
* inferior ganglion
* interganglion
* intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
* lumbar ganglion
* melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell
* middle cervical ganglion
* neuroganglion
* otic ganglion
* paraganglion
* petrosal ganglion
* photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
* phrenic ganglion
* pseudoganglion
* pterygopalatine ganglion
* semilunar ganglion
* spiral ganglion
* stellate ganglion
* submandibular ganglion
* superior cervical ganglion
* synganglion
* thoracic ganglion
* trigeminal ganglion
* vestibular ganglion

#### Translations
### References

* “ganglion”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “ganglion”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* ganglie

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡaŋɡlɪjon]

### Noun

ganglion n
* ganglion
    Synonym: nervová uzlina
* ganglion cyst

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ganglion”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “ganglion”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “ganglion”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Finnish
### Noun

ganglion
* genitive singular of ganglio

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɑ̃.ɡli.jɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ganglion m (plural ganglions)
* ganglion

#### Derived terms

* ganglion lymphatique

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: ganglion
* → Turkish: gangliyon

### Further reading

* “ganglion”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Interlingua
### Noun

ganglion (plural gangliones)
* ganglion

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γᾰγγλῐ́ον (gănglĭ́on).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡan.ɡli.on/, [ˈɡäŋɡlʲiɔn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡan.ɡli.on/, [ˈɡäŋɡlion]

### Noun

ganglion n (genitive gangliī); second declension (New Latin)
* (anatomy) ganglion

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

### References

* “ganglion”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ganglion in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French ganglion.

### Noun

ganglion m (plural ganglioni)
* ganglion