# 炙

| 炙 | U+7099, &#28825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7099 |
| ← 炘 [U+7098] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 炚 → [U+709A] |
| 炙 | U+F9FB, &#63995; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FB |
| ← 狀 [U+F9FA] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 識 → [U+F9FC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

炙 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月火 (BF), four-corner 2780$_9$, composition ⿱𱼀火)
* roast, broil
* toast
* cauterize

#### Derived characters

* 䂹, 𠶨, 𣇧, 𣶋, 𤍙, 𤎡, 𤎢, 𤏝, 𤐬, 𤑃, 𤑗, 𤑩, 𤒗, 𤒣, 𤒧, 𤓏, 𤟙, 𦓟, 𦜡, 𦠁, 𦠹, 𦠺, 𨂂, 𨹾, 𩀲, 爒, 㸋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18922
* Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2192, character 16
* Unihan data for U+7099
* Unihan data for U+F9FB

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhì (zhi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zek$^3$ / zik$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chak
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chià / chek / chiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zia$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zek$^3$ / zik$^3$
*** Yale: jek / jik
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzek$^8$ / dzik$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zég$^3$ / jig$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛːk̚³/, /t͡sɪk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chak
*** Hakka Romanization System: zag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sak̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciá
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià
*** Tâi-lô: tsià
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciax
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
*** Tâi-lô: tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
*** Tâi-lô: tsiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zia$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsià
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sia²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tseq
*** MiniDict: tseh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tseq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyaeH, tsyek
Rime :
| Character | 炙 | 炙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之夜切 | 之石切 |
| Baxter | tsyaeH | tsyek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cia$^H$/ | /ciajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭa$^H$/ | /t͡ɕĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯a$^H$/ | /t͡ɕi̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhè | zhi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ze$^3$ | zik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tAk-s/, /*tAk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːɡs/, /*tjaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 炙 | 炙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyæ$^H$ › | ‹ tsyek › |
| Old Chinese | /*tAk-s/ | /*tAk/ |
| English | roast, broil | roast, broil |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 炙 | 炙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17384 | 17385 |
| Phonetic component | 炙 | 炙 |
| Rime group | 暮 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 柘 | 隻 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjaːɡs/ | /*tjaːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

炙
* to roast; to broil; to toast; to cauterize
* roast meat

#### Compounds

* 冷炙
* 嘬炙
* 日炙風吹 / 日炙风吹
* 日炙風篩 / 日炙风筛
* 欲炙之色
* 殘杯冷炙 / 残杯冷炙 (cánbēilěngzhì)
* 殘槃冷炙 / 残槃冷炙
* 殘羹冷炙 / 残羹冷炙
* 炙冰使燥
* 炙手可熱 / 炙手可热 (zhìshǒukěrè)
* 炙熱 / 炙热 (zhìrè)
* 炙背
* 炙膚皸足 / 炙肤皲足
* 炎陽炙人 / 炎阳炙人
* 炙雞漬酒 / 炙鸡渍酒
* 炙鳳烹龍 / 炙凤烹龙 (zhìfèngpēnglóng)
* 焦炙
* 膾炙人口 / 脍炙人口 (kuàizhìrénkǒu)
* 行炙
* 親炙 / 亲炙
* 餘杯冷炙 / 余杯冷炙
* 鴞炙 / 鸮炙
* 麵炙 / 面炙

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chia̍h
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tsia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciah
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siaʔ⁴/

#### Definitions

炙
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 炸 (chia̍h)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chòaⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsuànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zvoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡suã²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suã²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡suã¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡suã²¹/

#### Definitions

炙
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煎 (chòaⁿ)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chioh / chiò
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh
*** Tâi-lô: tsioh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioiq
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sioʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sioʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiò
*** Tâi-lô: tsiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioix

#### Definitions

炙
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 焟 (chioh)

### References

* “炙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* roast
* broil
* toast
* cauterize

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃ (sha)、しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: しゃ (sha)、せき (seki)
* Kun: あぶる (aburu, 炙る)

#### Derived terms

* 炙(あぶ)る (aburu)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 炙 (MC tsyaeH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 쟝〮 (Yale: cyá) | 쟝〮 (Yale: cyá) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 구을〮 (Yale: kwùúl) | 쟈〯 (Yale: cyǎ) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [자]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 炙 (eumhun 구울 자 (guul ja))
* hanja form of 자 (“to roast; to broil”)

#### Compounds

* 회자 (膾炙, hoeja)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 炙 (MC tsyek).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 젹〮 (Yale: cyék) | 젹〮 (Yale: cyék) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 젹〮 (Yale: cyék) | 젹〮 (Yale: cyék) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Hanja

炙 (eumhun 구울 적 (guul jeok))
* hanja form of 적 (“jeok (a Korean meat dish)”)

#### Compounds

* 맥적 (貊炙, maekjeok)
* 산적 (散炙, sanjeok)
* 적철 (炙鐵, jeokcheol)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

炙: Hán Nôm readings: chá, chả, chích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.