# كم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kam/

#### Adverb

كَمْ • (kam)
* how many?, how much? (used with accusative noun)
    كَمْ كِتَابًا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ؟kam kitāban turīdu ʔan taštariya?How many books do you want to buy?
* how many!, how much! (used with مِنْ (min))
    كَمْ مِنْ كُتُبٍ هُنَا!kam min kutubin hunā!Oh, how many books are here!

### Etymology 2

Artificial formation from the word above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kamm/

#### Noun

كَمّ • (kamm) m
* quantity, multitude
    اَلْعِبْرَةُ بِٱلْكَيْفِ لَا بِٱلْكَمِّal-ʕibratu bi-l-kayfi lā bi-l-kammiWhat matters is quality, not quantity.
* (physics) quantum

##### Declension
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kum/

#### Pronoun

ـكُمْ • (-kum) m pl (enclitic form of أَنْتُم (ʔantum))
* you, your (masculine plural) (bound object pronoun)
    السَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ ― as-salāmu ʕalaykum ― peace be upon you

### Etymology 4

Compare ب ك م (b k m).

#### Verb

كَمَّ • (kamma) I (non-past يَكُمُّ (yakummu), verbal noun كَمّ (kamm))
* to cover up, to close up by enveloping, to muzzle

##### Derived terms

* كِمَام (kimām) and كِمَامَة (kimāma) and مِكَمَّة (mikamma, “muzzle”)
* كَمَّمَ (kammama, “to muzzle, to muffle”)

#### Noun

كِمّ • (kimm) m (plural أَكْمَام (ʔakmām) or أَكِمَّة (ʔakimma) or كِمَام (kimām) or أَكَامِيم (ʔakāmīm))
* calyx of a flower, the envelope or spathe of a palm-tree or the like

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: كم (kimm, “calyx of a flower”)
* → Persian: کما (kamâ, kemâ, komâ, “mace, the envelope of nutmeg”)

#### Noun

كُمّ • (kumm) m (plural أَكْمَام (ʔakmām) or كِمَمَة (kimama))
* sleeve of a garment

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: چَم (čam)
* → Persian: کما (kamâ)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَمْ (kam).

### Determiner

كم • (kam, kamm)
* how many
* a few

#### Usage notes

* كم (kam) is always followed by a singular noun.

## Karakhanid
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who, whoever”), Turkish kim (“who, whoever”).

### Pronoun

كم (kim)
* (interrogative) who

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كُمّ (kumm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kumː/

### Noun

كم • (kumm) m (plural كمام (kmām))
* sleeve (part of a garment that covers the arm)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κημός (kēmós, “muzzle; nosebag”).

#### Noun

كم • (gem) (definite accusative كمی (gemi), plural كملر (gemler))
* bit, a piece of metal placed in a horse's mouth and connected to the reins to direct the animal

##### Derived terms

* بادملو كم (bademli gem, “bit with an almond-shaped part in the middle”)
* كم آلمق (gem almak, “to be docile”)
* كم اورمق (gem urmak, “to put a bit on a horse”)
* كم صولوغی (gem soluğu, “curb chain”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: gem
* →? Albanian: gjem
* → Armenian: կէմ (kēm), գյամ (gyam)

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “gem1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1677
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “كم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 395b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1037
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Frenum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 614
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4009
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “gem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1569

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic كِمّ (kimm, “calyx of a flower”).

#### Noun

كم • (kimm) (definite accusative كمی (kimmi), plural كمام (kimâm) or اكمام (ekmâm))
* (botany) calyx, the outermost whorl of flower parts, which covers and protects the petals as they develop

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kim

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kim4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2673
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “kimm”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 623
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Elate”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 454
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4011
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1569

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

ـكو (-ku)

#### Suffix

ـكم • (-kom) pl
* Enclitic form of إنتو (ʔintu)
* you, your (plural)

##### See also

South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns :
| | | Singular | Singular | Plural |
| | | after consonant | after vowel | Plural |
| 1st person | after verb | ـني (-ni) | ـني (-ni) | ـنا (-na) |
| 1st person | else | ـِي (-i) | ـي (-y) | ـنا (-na) |
| 2nd person | m | ـَك (-ak) | ـك (-k) | ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku) |
| 2nd person | f | ـِك (-ek) | ـكي (-ki) | ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku) |
| 3rd person | m | ـُه (-o) | ـه (-h) | ـهُم (-hom) |
| 3rd person | f | ـها (-ha) | ـها (-ha) | | ـهُم (-hom) |

### Etymology 2

From Arabic كَمْ (kam).

#### Alternative forms

* أكم (ʔakam)

#### Determiner

كم • (kam, kamm)
* how many (+ من)
    كم مرّة سمعت: شو ممكن الواحد يعمل بالأردن؟kam marra smeʕt: šu mumken il-wāḥad yaʕmel bil-ʔurdun?How many times did you hear: What can someone do in Jordan?
* a few, some, several (+ من)
    Synonym: بعض (baʕḍ)
    خلّينا نلتقي بالقدس بعد كم يوم.ḵallīna niltaʔi bil-ʔuds baʕd kam yōm.Let's meet in Jerusalem after a few days.
* how long (+ إلـ)
    كم إلها بتتعلّم عربي؟kam ʔilha btitʕallam ʕarabi?How long has she been learning Arabic?

##### Usage notes

* كم (kam) is always followed by a singular noun.

##### Related terms

* قديش (ʔaddēš, “how much”)