# funk
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: fŭngk
* (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA: /fʌŋk/
* (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /fɐŋk/, /faŋk/
* (India) IPA: /fəŋk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌŋk
* Hyphenation: funk

### Etymology 1

1620, from French dialectal (Norman) funquer, funquier (“to smoke, reek”), from Old Northern French fungier (“to smoke”), from Vulgar Latin fūmicāre, alteration of Latin fūmigāre (“to smoke, fumigate”). Related to French dialect funkière (“smoke”). More at fumigate.

#### Noun

funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)
* (countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.
** 1982, “Thriller”, in Rod Temperton (lyrics), Quincy Jones (music), Thriller, performed by Michael Jackson (featuring Vincent Price), Epic Records:The foulest stench is in the air; the funk of 40,000 years and grizzly ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom.
* (uncountable, music) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.

##### Derived terms

* avant-funk
* blue funk
* deep funk
* disco funk
* drumfunk
* dundy-funk
* dundy funk
* electro-funk
* electrofunk
* fake the funk
* funkabilly
* funkadelia
* funkadelic
* funk art
* funkateer
* funkcore
* funk hole
* funkification
* funk-like
* funklike
* funkmaster
* funk metal
* funk-metal
* funk money
* funk out
* funk rock
* funk-rock
* funksome
* funkster
* funkstick
* funktastic
* funky
* future funk
* G-funk
* gunk
* jazz-funk
* neurofunk
* technofunk

##### Translations
#### Verb

funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)
* (intransitive) To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
* (transitive) To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.
** c. 1709, William King, The Furmentary:He funks Basketia and her son to death
** 2012, M. C. Beaton, Diana the Huntress:Funking a cobbler – that is, blowing smoke into his stall; smoking cigars at divans and club houses; […]
* (intransitive) To perform funk music.
** 1989 December 17, Christopher Wittke, “On The Edge In The '80s”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 23, page 9:From the earliest part of this decade when he funked in relative obscurity to his days as a superstar with the release of his Batman soundtrack last summer, I could almost always count on Prince.
* (euphemistic, slang) Fuck (the taboo swear word)
    Funk this!

##### Synonyms

* eff, f-bomb;

##### Derived terms

* funk up
* funk you

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English funke, fonke (“spark”), from Old English *funca (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”). Cognate with Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”). See also spunk.

#### Noun

funk (plural funks)
* (obsolete) Touchwood, punk, tinder.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

1743, Scottish and Northern English dialectal word, originally a verb meaning "to panic, fail due to panic". Perhaps from or cognate with obsolete Dutch fonck (“distress, agitation”), from Middle Dutch fonck (“perturbation, agitation”). More at flunk.

#### Noun

funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)
* (countable) Mental depression.
* (uncountable) A state of fear or panic, especially cowardly.
** 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:[The helmsman] steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk […]
** 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 1: Telemachus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 4:—A woful lunatic, Mulligan said. Were you in a funk?
** 1925, Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway‎, London: The Hogarth Press, →OCLC:Holmes was coming upstairs. Holmes would burst open the door. Holmes would say, “In a funk, eh?” Holmes would get him.
** 1944 (written, first published in 2015), Bob Cooney, Proud Journey
    As I left the platform, the atmosphere was tense but there was no sign of uneasiness or funk […]
* (countable) One who fears or panics; a coward.
** 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.

##### Derived terms

* funkhole

##### Translations
#### Verb

funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)
* (ambitransitive) To shrink from, or avoid something because of fear.
** 1857, Charles Kingsley, “(please specify the page)”, in Two Years Ago, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC:He'll have funked it , when he comes to the edge , and sees nothing but mist below
** 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
** 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 56:"Always wanted a go at the figure. Funked it. Shows what a man can do, given the right model. Dam' good model."
* (transitive) To frighten; to cause to flinch.

##### Derived terms

* funker

##### Translations
## Danish
### Etymology 1

From English funk. Attested since 1977.

#### Noun

funk c (singular definite funken, not used in plural form)
* (music) funk

##### Synonyms

* funkmusik

##### Derived terms

* funkband
* funkgruppe
* funkmusik

#### See also

* funky

### Etymology 2

See funke.

#### Verb

funk
* imperative of funke

### References

* “funk” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English funk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʏŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: funk

### Noun

funk m (uncountable)
* funk (music style)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From English funk.

#### Noun

funk m (definite singular funken, uncountable)
* (music) funk

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

funk
* imperative of funke

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

funk (present tense funke, past tense funka, past participle funka)
* (dialectal, Trøndelag dialect, Northern Norway) Alternative form of funke

##### Usage notes

(the dialectal form): The ending -e in present tense is reduced in the negation form (while spoken). Hence the written form "funk itj" is used, when the standard spelling is "funkar ikkje". Compare to phrases like "æ årsk itj" ("I do not bother").

## Polish
### Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from English funk.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfaŋk/
* Rhymes: -aŋk
* Syllabification: funk

#### Noun

funk m inan
* funk (genre of popular music)
    Synonym: funky

##### Derived terms

* funkowy

### Etymology 2

Back-formation of funkcjonariusz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfuŋk/
* Rhymes: -uŋk
* Syllabification: funk

#### Noun

funk m pers
* (historical, rare) official, officer, agent, functionary (paid official of a political party or state security institution)
** 1996, Henryk Pająk, Rządy zbirów: 1940-1990:W czołowym dzienniku polskojęzycznym uczą nas demokracji, tolerancji, europejskości synale wybitnych funków Komunistycznej Partii Polski, KPZU.In the leading Polish-language daily, we are taught democracy, tolerance, and European-ness by the sons of prominent officials of the Communist Party of Poland, CPWU.

##### Usage notes

This word used primarily to refer to functionaries of former communist parties (especially the Communist Party of Poland), as well as organs of the communist state.

##### Declension
### Further reading

* funk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* funk in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English funk.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɐ̃.ki/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɐ̃.ki/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɐ̃.ke/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfɐ̃.kɨ/

### Noun

funk m (plural funks)
* (music, uncountable) funk (a genre of popular music derived from soul music)
* (Brazil, music, uncountable) funk carioca (Brazilian music genre derived from Miami bass)
* (Brazil, music) a particular song or composition of funk carioca

#### Derived terms

* funkeiro, baile funk

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English funk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfank/ [ˈfãŋk]
* Rhymes: -ank

### Noun

funk m (uncountable)
* (music) funk