# शिशिर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिशिर (śiśira).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃɪ.ʃɪɾ/

### Noun

शिशिर • (śiśir) m
* frost; dew
* the winter season
    Synonyms: सर्दी (sardī), जाड़ा (jāṛā)

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शिशिर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिशिर (śiśira).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sisiɾʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: सिसिर्

### Noun

शिशिर • (śiśira)
* the winter season
    Synonyms: हिउँद (hiũd), जाडो (jāḍo)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শিশিৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬶᬰᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
* শিশির (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰰𑰫𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀺𑀰𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ၐိၐိရ (Burmese script)
* શિશિર (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਿਸ਼ਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌿𑌶𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦶꦯꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂱𑂬𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಿಶಿರ (Kannada script)
* ឝិឝិរ (Khmer script)
* ຨິຨິຣ (Lao script)
* ശിശിര (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡳᡧᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘱𑘫𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠢᠱᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧒𑧋𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐶𑐱𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଶିଶିର (Odia script)
* ꢯꢶꢯꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆴𑆯𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖰𑖫𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
* ශිශිර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩑𑩿𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚮𑚧𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
* ஶிஶிர (Tamil script)
* శిశిర (Telugu script)
* ศิศิร (Thai script)
* ཤི་ཤི་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒱𑒬𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨁𑨮𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

A reduplicative formation, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ći-ćiH-ra- or *ći-ćr̥H-a-. In the former case, the word would be related to श्यै (śyai, “to freeze”), while in the latter case, it would be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH- (“warm, cold”), and thus be cognate with Persian سرد (sard, “cold”) and Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”). Probably also cognate with Old Armenian սառն (saṙn).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕí.ɕi.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕi.ɕi.ɾɐ/

### Adjective

शिशिर • (śiśira) stem
* cool, chilly, cold, frigid, freezing

#### Declension
### Noun

शिशिर • (śiśira) stem, m or n
* cold, coolness, hoarfrost, dew

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

### Noun

शिशिर • (śiśira) stem, m
* the cool or dewy season (comprising two months, माघ and फाल्गुन, or from about the middle of January to that of March)
* name of the seventh month of the year

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Pali: sisira
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sisira)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Hindustani: sisir
***** Hindi: सिसिर (sisir)
***** Urdu: سِسِر (sisir)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Bihari:
***** Maithili: सिसिर (sisir)
**** Bengali: শিশির (śiśir)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ހިހޫ (hihū)
**** Sinhalese: සිසිල් (sisil)
** Western:
*** Gurjara Apabhramsa:
**** Old Gujarati: सिसर (sisara)
Borrowed terms
* → Hindustani: śiśir
** Hindi: शिशिर (śiśir)
** Urdu: شیشِر (śeśir)
* → Nepali: शिशिर (śiśira) (learned)
* → Sinhalese: සිසිර (sisira) (learned)
* → Telugu: శిశిరము (śiśiramu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शिशिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1076/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 641
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sisira”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 722