# karang
## Atong (India)
### Etymology

Cognate with Garo grang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /karaŋ/

### Noun

karang (Bengali script কারাং)
* wing

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkaraŋ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧rang

### Etymology 1

From Malay karang, from Classical Malay karang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”). Cognate with Old Javanese karaṅ (“coral, reef”).

#### Noun

karang (plural)
* coral, a hard substance made of the limestone skeletons of marine polyps.
* (proscribed) coral reef, a reef formed by compacted coral skeletons.

##### Derived terms

* berkarang
* karang-karangan
* karangan
* mengarang

### Etymology 2

From Javanese ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “yard”), from Old Javanese karaṅ (“place, yard”).

#### Noun

karang (plural)
* assembly point.

##### Derived terms

* pekarangan
* karang balita
* karang gizi
* karang keputraan
* karang taruna
* karang werda

### Etymology 3

From Malay karang, from Classical Malay karang, from Javanese ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “article: piece of writing; flower headdress”), from Old Javanese karaṅ (“garland”).

#### Verb

karang
* to compose, to create
    Synonyms: jalin, rangkai, susun

##### Derived terms

* berkarang
* karang-mengarang
* karangan
* kepengarangan
* mengarang
* mengarang-ngarang
* pengarang

### Further reading

* “karang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

karang
* Romanization of ꦏꦫꦁ

## Karao
### Noun

karang
* span from the extended middle finger to the thumb

## Makasar
### Noun

karang (Lontara spelling ᨀᨑ)
* Alternative spelling of karàng

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka.raŋ]
* Rhymes: -raŋ, -aŋ
* Hyphenation: ka‧rang

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”).

#### Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang, informal 1st possessive karangku, 2nd possessive karangmu, 3rd possessive karangnya)
* A coral.
* A coral reef.
* An atoll.

##### Affixations

* berkarang
* karang-karangan
* karangan
* perkarangan
* terkarang (archaic)

##### Compounds

* batu karang
* bunga karang
* penyakit karang
* tinjau karang

### Etymology 2

Probably from Old Javanese karaṇa (“writer; poet”), from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “writer; scribe”).

#### Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang, informal 1st possessive karangku, 2nd possessive karangmu, 3rd possessive karangnya)
* A composition or arrangement.
    Synonyms: sunting, gubahan

#### Verb

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, active mengarang, 3rd person passive dikarang)
* To compose (of music, songs, and writing).
    Synonyms: gubah, reka, tulis
* To arrange (of flowers, pottery, and others).
    Synonym: gubah
* To make up, to fabricate.

##### Affixations

* karang-mengarang
* karangan
* karangkan
* kepengarangan
* pengarang
* terkarang

### Etymology 3
#### Adverb

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ)
* Later, soon.
    Synonyms: nanti, kelak

##### Affixations

* sekarang (“now”)

##### Compounds

* malam karang

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

karang (used in the form pekarangan)
* The front yard of a house.
* Kampung land.

### Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, also used in the form karangan)
* (obsolete) An abode; a place where someone lives.
    Synonym: tempat tinggal

### Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang, informal 1st possessive karangku, 2nd possessive karangmu, 3rd possessive karangnya)
* Archaic form of kerang.

### Etymology 7

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, only used in ilmu karang)
* (Jakarta) Invulnerable.

### Etymology 8

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, only used in sebatang karang)
* (archaic) By oneself only.

### Further reading

* “karang” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maranao
### Noun

karang
* reef

## Tagalog
### Noun

karang (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜅ᜔)
* temporary shed or awning
* shed or roof-covering for native boats, usually made of nipa or woven bamboo splits
* leather or felt uppers of shoes or slippers
* float used in parades

### Noun

karáng (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜅ᜔)
* stamping of feet, as in anger or in playing
* coral reef or atoll

## Taroko
### Noun

karang
* crab