# 農民
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): nóngmín
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nong$^2$ min$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lóngmín
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): lónmín
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nung$^4$ man$^4$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): nong$^4$ man$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nùng-mìn
    (Hailu, HRS): nung min
* Jin (Wiktionary): neng$^1$ ming$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): nùng-mìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): norng$^2$ ming$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lông-bîn
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): noeng$^4$ man$^4$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$non-min$_6$ / $^2$non-min$_2$; $^2$gnion-min$_2$
** (Jinhua): $^2$non-min$_2$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): long$^2$ min$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nóngmín
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nóngmín
*** Wade–Giles: nung$^2$-min$^2$
*** Yale: núng-mín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nongmin
*** Palladius: нунминь (nunminʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ³⁵ min³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nong$^2$ min$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lungmin
*** Sinological IPA : /noŋ²¹ min²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: lóngmín
*** Sinological IPA : /luəŋ²⁴ miẽ²⁴/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: lónmín
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lon$^2$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /loŋ²⁴ mĩ²⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nung$^4$ man$^4$
*** Yale: nùhng màhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nung$^4$ man$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nung$^4$ men$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ²¹ mɐn²¹/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: nong$^4$ man$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɔŋ²¹ mɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: nung$^ˇ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nung$^2$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹ min¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: nung min
*** Sinological IPA: /nuŋ⁵⁵ min⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: neng$^1$ ming$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /nəŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nùng-mìng
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡuŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: norng$^2$ ming$^2$ [Phonetic: norng$^5$ ming$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nó̤ng-míng
*** Sinological IPA : /nɒŋ¹³⁻²¹ miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông-bîn
*** Tâi-lô: lông-bîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: longbiin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³⁻²² bin¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³⁻³³ bin²³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: noeng$^4$ man$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nøŋ²¹ mən²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$non-min$_6$
*** MiniDict: non$^去$ min$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$non-min$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /noŋ²² min⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$non-min$_2$; $^2$gnion-min$_2$
*** MiniDict: non$^平$ min$^平$; nyon$^平$ min$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /noŋ²² min³⁴/, /n̠ʲioŋ²² min³⁴/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^2$non-min$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /noŋ³¹ miŋ¹⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: long$^2$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /l̃ʊŋ¹³ min¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /lən¹³ min¹³/
* Middle Chinese: nowng mjin
Rime :
| Character | 農 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 奴冬切 | 彌鄰切 |
| Baxter | nowng | mjin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nuoŋ/ | /miɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nuoŋ/ | /min/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /noŋ/ | /mjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nawŋ/ | /min/ |
| Li Rong | /noŋ/ | /miĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /nuoŋ/ | /mĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nuoŋ/ | /mi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nóng | mín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nung$^4$ | man$^4$ |

### Noun

農民
* farmer; peasant
    農民起義／农民起义 ― nóngmín qǐyì ― peasant uprising
    農民戰爭／农民战争 ― nóngmín zhànzhēng ― peasant war
    農民企業家／农民企业家 ― nóngmín qǐyèjiā ― farmer-turned-entrepreneur

#### Synonyms

* 勞農 / 劳农 (láonóng) (literary)
* 戶家 / 户家 (Dungan)
* 老農 / 老农 (lǎonóng)
* 農 / 农 (nóng) (obsolete or in compounds)
* 農人 / 农人 (nóngrén)
* 農夫 / 农夫 (nóngfū)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 農, 農民, 農人, 農夫 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 農民, 農人, 莊戶人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 農民, 莊稼漢兒 male, 莊稼漢子 male |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 農夫, 農民, 農人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 農民 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 莊稼人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 老農, 種地的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 莊稼漢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 老農, 種地的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 農民, 莊稼人, 莊稼漢 male, 莊稼佬兒 derogatory |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 農夫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 農夫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 莊稼人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 種地的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 莊稼人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 莊稼人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 農民, 農哥兒們, 農哥們兒, 農哥兒們兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 農民, 莊稼人, 莊戶孫, 老農 honorific or humorous, 莊稼霸子 derogatory |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 莊戶人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 農民, 莊稼人, 莊稼漢, 種地的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 種地嘞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 莊稼戶, 做莊稼的, 農民 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 莊稼人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 做莊稼的, 莊稼人, 農民 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 莊稼人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 種地的, 莊戶人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 戶家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 莊戶, 莊稼漢, 農人 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 種田的, 莊稼漢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 莊稼人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 農民 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 農民, 農村人, 鄉下人, 鄉巴佬兒 derogatory, 鄉巴佬 derogatory, 鄉廣廣 derogatory, 老坎 derogatory, 黃泥巴腳桿 derogatory, 泥巴腳桿 derogatory, 彎腳桿 derogatory, 農二哥 derogatory, 欒二哥 dated, derogatory, 圞二 dated, derogatory, 欒豁皮 dated, derogatory, 欒豁 dated, derogatory, 老欒 dated, derogatory, 欒民 dated, derogatory |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 農民, 農人, 種田的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 農人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 農民 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 種田的, 農民, 農民佬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 農民 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 農民 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 農民 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 農民 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 種田的, 農民 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 種田的, 二哥哥, 捧牛屁股的 dated, derogatory |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 種田哩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 農民, 耕田佬, 㩧佬 derogatory |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 農夫, 農民, 農人 dated, 耕田佬, 㩧佬 dated, derogatory |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 農民 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 耕田佬, 撚泥頭 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 農民, 㩧佬, 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 耕田佬 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 耕田佬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 作田個 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 作田個 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 作田人, 農民 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 耕田佬, 耕田儕 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 農民, 耕田阿哥 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 農民, 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 㩧佬 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 農民 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 耕田人 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 做田人 |
| Hakka | Changting | 做田人 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 作田儕 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 做事個 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 做田個 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 作田佬 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 作田個 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 作田個 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 作田個 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 作田佬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 耕田人, 耕種人, 耕田儕, 農民, 農家人 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農民仔, 農家人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農家人 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 耕田人, 耕種人, 耕田個, 農民, 農家人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農家人 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 作穡人, 農民, 農家人 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 做田佬 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 種田佬 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 種田佬 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 農人, 耕田佬 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 耕田佬 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 農民, 種田仂, 務農佬 derogatory, 務農坯 derogatory |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 莊稼人, 農民, 受苦人 self-appellation |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 農業上哩, 受苦人 dated, 莊戶人 dated, 黑脊背 dated |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Linhe | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Jining | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Baotou | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 莊稼漢 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 莊戶人 |
| Jin | Handan | 莊稼人 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 打粗人, 打塍人 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 農民, 做塍其, 做塍儂 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 做塍其儂, 農民 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 做塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 作塍儂, 作穡儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 作塍儂, 作穡儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 作塍儂, 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 作塍儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 作穡儂, 農民 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 做穡的 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 作穡的, 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 作穡的, 作園的, 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 作穡的, 作園的, 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 作穡儂, 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 作穡的, 作園的, 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 做穡的, 做山的 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 種塍的儂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 作巴的, 作塍的 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 作穡儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 做塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 作塍儂 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 做百姓個, 做農個, 農民, 做塍爹 male, 做塍姩 female |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 農夫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 農民 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 農民 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 做田人 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 做田人 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 老百姓 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 種田個, 農民 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 種田地人, 種田人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 農民, 鄉下人, 種田個 |
| Wu | Danyang | 農民, 種田人 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 農民 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 種田人 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 種田人 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 種田地個, 種田個, 農民 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 種田儂 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 農民, 作田的 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 作田個 |

#### Derived terms

* 農民工 / 农民工 (nóngmíngōng)
* 農民曆 / 农民历 (nóngmínlì)
* 農民畫 / 农民画 (nóngmínhuà)
* 農民節 / 农民节
* 農民起義 / 农民起义 (nóngmín qǐyì)
* 農民階級 / 农民阶级 (nóngmín jiējí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 農民(のうみん) (nōmin)
* → Korean: 농민(農民) (nongmin)
* → Vietnamese: nông dân (農民)
Others:
* → Zhuang: nungzminz

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 農 | 民 |
| のう Grade: 3 | みん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) のーみん [nòómíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [no̞ːmʲĩɴ]

### Noun

農(のう)民(みん) • (nōmin)
* farmer
* peasant farmer, sharecropper

#### Synonyms

* (farmer): 農家(のうか) (nōka)
* (peasant): 小作人(こさくにん) (kosakunin)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 農 | 民 |

### Noun

農民 • (nongmin) (hangeul 농민)
* hanja form of 농민 (“farmers, peasantry; farmer, peasant”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 農 | 民 |

### Noun

農民
* chữ Hán form of nông dân (“peasant, farmer”).