# طور
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤawr/

#### Noun

طَوْر • (ṭawr) m (plural أَطْوَار (ʔaṭwār))
* (uncountable) verbal noun of طَارَ (ṭāra) (form I)
* time, stage, phase, stadium
** 2018 July 18, “ar: الرئيس عون يؤكد ضرورة التواصل الرسمي بين لبنان و سوريا”, in Muraselon‎:وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ “مُذْ أَقْفَلَ ٱلْمَعْبَرَ وَأُقْفِلَتْ مَعَهُ ٱلْمَعَابِرُ ٱلشَّرْقِيَّةُ لِسُورِيَا ٱلْمُوصِلَةُ إِلَى ٱلدَّاخِلِ ٱلْعَرَبِيِّ، أُعْطِبَتْ ذَهَابًا وَإِيَابًا حَرَكَةُ ٱلتَّبَادُلِ ٱلتِّجَارِيِّ ٱلَّتِي سَنَكُونُ ٱلْآنَ فِي طَوْرِ إِعَادَةِ إِحْيَائِهَا مِنَ ٱلْأَرَاضِي ٱللُّبْنَانِيَّةِ إِلَى ٱلدَّاخِلِ ٱلسُّورِيِّ، وَمِنْهُ إِلَى ٱلدَّاخِلِ ٱلْأُرْدُنِيِّ مِنْ خِلَالِ ٱلْمَعْبَرِ ٱلْمُسْتَعَادِ إِلَى ٱلدَّوْلَةِ ٱلسُّورِيَّةِ، لِلْاِنْتِقَالِ إِلَى ٱلْعِرَاقِ وَدُوَلِ ٱلْخَلِيجِ (ٱلْفَارِسِيِّ)”.waʔašāra ʔilā ʔannahu “muḏ ʔaqfala l-maʕbara waʔuqfilat maʕahu l-maʕābiru š-šarqiyyatu lisūriyā l-mūṣilatu ʔilā d-dāḵili l-ʕarabiyyi, ʔuʕṭibat ḏahāban waʔiyāban ḥarakatu t-tabāduli t-tijāriyyi llatī sanakūnu l-ʔāna fī ṭawri ʔiʕādati ʔiḥyāʔihā mina l-ʔarāḍī l-lubnāniyyati ʔilā d-dāḵili s-sūriyyi, waminhu ʔilā d-dāḵili l-ʔurduniyyi min ḵilāli l-maʕbari l-mustaʕādi ʔilā d-dawlati s-sūriyyati, lilintiqāli ʔilā l-ʕirāqi waduwali l-ḵalīji (l-fārisiyyi)”.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (video games) mode
    طَوْر الْقِصَّة ― ṭawr al-qiṣṣa ― campaign/story mode

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: tövr
* → Chagatai: طور
** Uzbek: tavr
* → Ottoman Turkish: طور (tavr)
** Turkish: tavır
** → Armenian: թավուր (tʻavur)
* → Kazakh: тәуір (täuır)
* → Classical Persian: طَوْر (tawr)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: तौर (taur)
    Urdu: طور (taur)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਤੌਰ (taur)
    Shahmukhi script: طور (taur)

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤaw.wa.ra/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

طَوَّرَ • (ṭawwara) II (non-past يُطَوِّرُ (yuṭawwiru), verbal noun تَطْوِير (taṭwīr))
* to further, to bring forward, to develop

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic טוּרָא / ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrā, “mountain, high territory”). Ultimately from Proto-West Semitic *ṯ̣ūr-. Doublet of ظِرّ (ẓirr) and زُرَر (zurar, “flint”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤuːr/

#### Noun

طُور • (ṭūr) m (plural أَطْوَار (ʔaṭwār))
* (Classical Arabic) mountain
    Synonyms: جَبَل (jabal), طَوْد (ṭawd)

##### Derived terms

* طُورِيّ (ṭūriyy, “wild”)

### References

* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 206–207

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tor (“net for catching birds or fish”); cognate with Azerbaijani tor, Bashkir тур (tur), Kazakh тор (tor), Kyrgyz тор (tor), Southern Altai тор (tor), Turkmen tor, Uyghur تور (tor) and Uzbek toʻr.

### Noun

طور • (tor) (definite accusative طوری (toru), plural طورلر (torlar))
* net, a device made from a mesh of string, cord, or rope, used for catching fish or birds

#### Derived terms

* طور كیسه (tor kese, “bag made with a net”)
* طورلامق (torlamak, “to gather together”)
* طورلانمق (torlanmak, “to be made up into a bundle”)
* طورلو (torlu, “possessed of nets”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: tor
* → Armenian: թօռ (tʻōṙ)

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “to:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 528

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “طور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 307
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tor3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4874
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “طور”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 316a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 814
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3141
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1253

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic طَوْر (ṭawr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tawɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰoːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰoːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰoːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰʊːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰowɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäwɾ]

#### Noun

طور • (towr)
* manner, way
    طوری که بهرام گفت […]towri ke bahrâm goft […] as/like Bahram said […]
* state, condition

##### Derived terms

* آنطور (ântowr)
* اینطور (intowr)
* چطور (četowr, “how”)

##### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: तौर (taur)
    Urdu: طور (taur)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਤੌਰ (taur)
    Shahmukhi script: طور (taur)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic طُور (ṭūr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰuːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰuɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuɾ]

#### Proper noun

طور • (tur)
* Short for طور سینا (tur-e sinâ, “Mount Sinai”).
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 2444:باز با خود آمدم زان انتشار باز دیدم طور و موسی برقرار.bāz bā xwad āmadam z-ān intišār bāz dīdam tūr u mūsā bar qarār.After that scattering [of my senses], I came to myself again And saw that Sinai and Moses were unchanged.(Classical Persian transliteration)
** 1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jilwa-yi Zāt]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:شبی چون زلف خوبان مطلع نور تجلی بخش شمع روشن طورšabē čūn zulf-i xūbān matla'-i nūr tajallī baxš-i šam'-e rōšan-i tūrA night resembling the curls of the beauties, an opening verse of light, offering the epiphany of the bright candle of Mount Sinai.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “طور”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic طَوَّرَ (ṭawwara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤaw.war/, [ˈtˤʌw.wʌr]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

طوّر • (ṭawwar) II (present بطوّر (biṭawwer))
* (transitive) to develop

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic طُور (ṭūr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t̪uːɾ/

#### Noun

طور • (tūr) m (Hindi spelling तूर)
* hill, mount

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian طَور (tawr, “manner, style”), from Arabic طَوْر (ṭawr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t̪ɔːɾ/

#### Noun

طور • (taur) m (formal plural اطوار, Hindi spelling तौर)
* manner, way
* state, condition