# 盛

| 盛 | U+76DB, &#30427; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76DB |
| ← 盚 [U+76DA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盜 → [U+76DC] |
| 盛 | U+FAA7, &#64167; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA7 |
| ← 益 [U+FAA6] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 直 → [U+FAA8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

盛 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈尸月廿 (ISBT), four-corner 5310$_7$, composition ⿱成皿)

#### Derived characters

* 墭, 𡡛, 𣛮, 𭵵, 𥊱, 𥢱, 𥼵, 𦔤, 𬣅, 𩦝, 𨞐, 𦼦, 𩯎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 794, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23001
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2562, character 4
* Unihan data for U+76DB
* Unihan data for U+FAA7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 盛 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 成 | *djeŋ |
| 城 | *djeŋ |
| 誠 | *djeŋ |
| 宬 | *djeŋ |
| 郕 | *djeŋ |
| 筬 | *djeŋ |
| 盛 | *djeŋ, *djeŋs |
| 珹 | *djeŋ |
| 晟 | *djeŋs |
| 墭 | *djeŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djeŋ, *djeŋs): phonetic 成 (OC *djeŋ) + semantic 皿.

### Etymology

Cognate with 成 (OC *djeŋ, “to complete”), 城 (OC *djeŋ, “city wall; city”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 成 for more.
Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally meaning "to be filled". (Ibid.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéng (cheng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng
*** Tâi-lô: sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyeng
Rime :
| Character | 盛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 是征切 |
| Baxter | dzyeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 盛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]eŋ/ |
| English | put in (a receptacle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1423 |
| Phonetic component | 成 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 成 |
| Old Chinese | /*djeŋ/ |

#### Definitions

盛
* to put in container
* to hold; to contain

#### Compounds

* 盛器 (chéngqì)
* 盛放
* 盛殮 / 盛殓 (chéngliàn)
* 盛水不漏
* 盛飯 / 盛饭 (chéngfàn)
* 粢盛
* 齊盛 / 齐盛
* 齍盛 / 𱌘盛

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèng (sheng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sing$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sen$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
    (Hailu, HRS): shin$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sēng / siāⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zan; $^6$zen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^4$
*** Yale: shèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
*** Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^6$
*** Yale: sihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sen³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shin$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃin¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēng / siāⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sīng / siānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seng, svia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²²/, /siã²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ⁴¹/, /siã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ²²/, /siã²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ³³/, /siã³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ³³/, /siã³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zan; $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zan$^去$; zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zan; $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/, /zən²³/
* 3zan - vernacular (surname, 盛澤);
* 3zen - literary (e.g. 旺盛).
* Middle Chinese: dzyengH
Rime :
| Character | 盛 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 承正切 |
| Baxter | dzyengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 盛 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyeng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]eŋ-s/ |
| English | full, abundant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盛 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1425 |
| Phonetic component | 成 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 盛 |
| Old Chinese | /*djeŋs/ |

#### Definitions

盛
* flourishing; prosperous
* abundant; growing; plentiful
* great; large; huge
* popular; widespread
* deep; profound
* vigorous; strong; intense
* sparing no effort; trying one's best
* (Cantonese) and so on; and what not; etc.
    Alternative form: 剩
       gam$^1$ maan$^{5-1}$ jau$^6$ jau$^5$ biu$^2$ jin$^2$ tai$^2$ jau$^6$ jau$^5$ daai$^6$ caan$^1$ sik$^6$ jau$^6$ sing$^6$, zit$^3$ muk$^6$ zan$^1$ hai$^6$ on$^1$ paai$^4$ dak$^1$ gei$^2$ hou$^2$. [Jyutping]
       Tonight, there are performances to see, a big meal to eat, and what not; everything was well planned.
       keoi$^5$ seng$^4$ jat$^6$ dou$^1$ mou$^5$ juk$^1$ mou$^5$ sing$^6$, hai$^6$ m$^4$ hai$^6$ beng$^6$ zo$^2$ aa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       He hasn't moved or done anything else all day. Is he ill?
* 38th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "fullness" (𝌫)
* a surname
    盛世才 ― Shèng Shìcái ― Sheng Shicai (Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944)

#### Compounds

* 先盛後衰 / 先盛后衰
* 全盛 (quánshèng)
* 共襄盛舉 / 共襄盛举 (gòngxiāngshèngjǔ)
* 兵強將盛 / 兵强将盛 (bīng qiáng jiàng shèng)
* 力盛
* 壯盛 / 壮盛 (zhuàngshèng)
* 夙負盛名 / 夙负盛名
* 太平盛世 (tàipíngshèngshì)
* 富盛 (fùshèng)
* 年少氣盛 / 年少气盛
* 年輕氣盛 / 年轻气盛
* 廣盛 / 广盛 (guǎngshèng)
* 強盛 / 强盛 (qiángshèng)
* 復盛 / 复盛 (Fùshèng)
* 恭逢其盛
* 方興日盛 / 方兴日盛
* 旺盛 (wàngshèng)
* 明盛
* 昌盛 (chāngshèng)
* 春盛擔子 / 春盛担子 (chūnshèng dànzi)
* 春盛食罍
* 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
* 極盛 / 极盛 (jíshèng)
* 殷盛
* 氣盛言宜 / 气盛言宜
* 熾盛 / 炽盛 (chìshèng)
* 物盛則衰 / 物盛则衰
* 百花盛開 / 百花盛开
* 盛不忘衰
* 盛世 (shèngshì)
* 盛事 (shèngshì)
* 盛京 (Shèngjīng)
* 盛价
* 盛傳 / 盛传 (shèngchuán)
* 盛典 (shèngdiǎn)
* 盛冬
* 盛名 (shèngmíng)
* 盛名難副 / 盛名难副
* 盛唐 (Shèngtáng)
* 盛𡐓 (Shèngkāng)
* 盛壯 / 盛壮 (shèngzhuàng)
* 盛夏 (shèngxià)
* 盛大 (shèngdà)
* 盛宴 (shèngyàn)
* 盛年
* 盛康 (Shèngkāng)
* 盛德不泯
* 盛德遺範 / 盛德遗范
* 盛必慮衰 / 盛必虑衰
* 盛怒 (shèngnù)
* 盛情 (shèngqíng)
* 盛情難卻 / 盛情难却
* 盛意 (shèngyì)
* 盛暑 (shèngshǔ)
* 盛暑祁寒
* 盛會 / 盛会 (shènghuì)
* 盛服 (shèngfú)
* 盛果期
* 盛極一時 / 盛极一时 (shèngjíyīshí)
* 盛極必衰 / 盛极必衰
* 盛氣 / 盛气
* 盛氣凌人 (shèngqìlíngrén)
* 盛氣臨人 / 盛气临人
* 盛況 / 盛况 (shèngkuàng)
* 盛況空前 / 盛况空前
* 盛王
* 盛產 / 盛产 (shèngchǎn)
* 盛筵 (shèngyán)
* 盛筵必散
* 盛筵易散
* 盛筵難再 / 盛筵难再
* 盛舉 / 盛举 (shèngjǔ)
* 盛行 (shèngxíng)
* 盛衰 (shèngshuāi)
* 盛衰利害
* 盛衰榮枯 / 盛衰荣枯
* 盛衰榮辱 / 盛衰荣辱 (shèngshuāiróngrǔ)
* 盛衰相乘
* 盛衰興廢 / 盛衰兴废
* 盛裝 / 盛装
* 盛譽 / 盛誉 (shèngyù)
* 盛讚 / 盛赞 (shèngzàn)
* 盛開 / 盛开 (shèngkāi)
* 盛顏 / 盛颜
* 盛食厲兵 / 盛食厉兵
* 盛飾 / 盛饰
* 盛飾嚴裝 / 盛饰严装
* 盛饌 / 盛馔 (shèngzhuàn)
* 盛鬋
* 空前盛況 / 空前盛况
* 繁榮昌盛 / 繁荣昌盛
* 繁盛 (fánshèng)
* 肝火盛
* 肥盛
* 興盛 / 兴盛 (xīngshèng)
* 茂盛 (màoshèng)
* 華盛頓 / 华盛顿 (Huáshèngdùn)
* 血氣方盛 / 血气方盛
* 衣冠盛事
* 豐功盛烈 / 丰功盛烈
* 豐盛 / 丰盛 (fēngshèng)
* 躬逢其盛
* 過盛必衰 / 过盛必衰
* 阜盛
* 陰盛陽衰 / 阴盛阳衰 (yīnshèngyángshuāi)
* 隆恩盛德
* 隆盛 (lóngshèng)
* 香火鼎盛
* 鼎盛 (dǐngshèng)

### References

* “盛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 盛 |
| Kyūjitai | 盛󠄁 盛+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 盛󠄃 盛+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* prosper

#### Compounds

* 泡(あわ)盛(もり) (awamori)

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 盛 (MC dzyeng); compare Mandarin 盛 (chéng):
* Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 盛 (MC dzyengH); compare Mandarin 盛 (shèng):
* Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: もる (moru, 盛る, Jōyō)、さかん (sakan, 盛ん, Jōyō)、さかる (sakaru, 盛る, Jōyō)、さかんにする (sakannisuru, 盛んにする)、さかり (sakari, 盛り)、もり (mori, 盛り)
* Nanori: さかり (sakari)、しげ (shige)、しげる (shigeru)、たけ (take)、もり (mori)

### References

* ↑ “盛”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1500 (paper), page 801 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

盛 (eumhun 성할 성 (seonghal seong))
* hanja form of 성 (“prosper”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

盛: Hán Nôm readings: thịnh, thình, thạnh, thành
* prosperous; thriving; flourishing