# fungus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fungus (“mushroom”).
Picture dictionary :
fungus :
* moldmold
* mushroommushroom

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌŋɡəs

### Noun

fungus (countable and uncountable, plural fungi or (nonstandard, rare) funguses or (nonstandard, rare) fungusses)
* (mycology) Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.
** 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
* (now rare, pathology) A spongy, abnormal excrescence, such as excessive granulation tissue formed in a wound.

#### Hyponyms

* (organism): ascomycete, basidiomycete, mold, mushroom, toadstool, yeast

#### Derived terms

* ambrosia fungus
* antifungus
* artillery fungus
* artist's fungus
* bird's nest fungus
* black fungus
* bleeding tooth fungus
* bracket fungus
* cannonball fungus
* caterpillar fungus
* cinnamon fungus
* clavarioid fungus
* club fungus
* coal fungus (Daldinia concentrica)
* coral fungus
* cup fungus
* dark fungus
* endofungus
* face fungus
* fly fungus
* fungal
* fungicidal
* fungicide
* fungoid
* fungology
* fungus beetle
* fungus comb
* fungused
* fungus garden
* fungus gnat
* fungus-growing ant
* funguslike
* fungus moth
* fungusproof
* fungus weevil
* fungusy
* ghost fungus
* golden jelly fungus
* honey fungus
* hoof fungus
* jelly fungus
* macrofungus
* microfungus
* nail fungus
* panfungus
* phytofungus
* pleasing fungus beetle
* pseudofungus
* rust fungus
* sac fungus
* sewage fungus
* shelf fungus
* shotgun fungus
* smellfungus
* snow fungus
* sulfur fungus
* sulphur fungus
* toothed jelly fungus
* tooth fungus
* whiskey fungus
* yellow brain fungus
* zombie fungus

#### Related terms

* fungous

#### Descendants

* → Irish: fungas

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fungus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfʏŋ.ɡʏs/, /ˈfʏŋ.ɣʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: fun‧gus

### Noun

fungus m (plural fungi)
* (mycology) fungus, member of the kingdom Fungi

#### Related terms

* fungicidaal
* fungicide
* spons

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔ̃.ɡys/

### Noun

fungus m (plural fungus)
* Alternative spelling of fongus

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Latin fungus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈfuŋus/ [ˈfu.ŋʊs]
* Rhymes: -uŋus
* Syllabification: fu‧ngus

### Noun

fungus
* fungus (any member of the kingdom Fungi)

#### Related terms

* fungi

## Latin
### Etymology

Originally sfungus. Along with Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos), "sponge" (whence Latin spongia), σφόγγος (sphóngos), and Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn), likely a loanword from a non-Indo-European substrate language. Possibly also related to Georgian სოკო (soḳo), Tsez зикӏу (zik’u), Bezhta сакӏо (sakʼo), Moksha панга (panga) and Erzya панго (pango, “mushroom”). Linguists such as Kluge and Kroonen have suggested a connection to English swamp and its Germanic cognates.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfun.ɡus/, [ˈfʊŋɡʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfun.ɡus/, [ˈfuŋɡus]

### Noun

fungus m (genitive fungī); second declension
* mushroom; fungus
* fungal growth or infection
* candle-snuff
* (figuratively, derogatory) dolt, idiot
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:homo stultus

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* fungifōrmis
* fungīnus
* fungōsus
* fungulus

#### Related terms

* fungidus

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: fungo
** Neapolitan: fungio
** Sicilian: funcia, funciu
* North-Italian:
** Emilian: fonz, fons
** Friulian: fonc, fong
** Ligurian: fonzo
** Lombard: fons, fonz, foncc, fonze
** Piedmontese: fons
** Romagnol: fons, fong
** Venetan: fongo, fonc
* Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: fongo, frongo
** Catalan: fong (perhaps from Aragonese or a calque from Spanish)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Spanish: fongo
*** Spanish: hongo
* Borrowings:
** → Asturian: fungu
** → Basque: onddo
** → English: fungus
** → French: fongus
** → Irish: fungas
** → Galician: fungo
** → Portuguese: fungo
** → Romanian: fungă

### References

* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 586–587
* “fungus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fungus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "fungus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* fungus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: supremo officio in aliquem fungi (ambiguous) to live a perfect life: virtutis perfectae perfecto munere fungi (Tusc. 1. 45. 109) (ambiguous) to do one's duty: officio suo fungi (ambiguous) to perform official duties: munere fungi, muneri praeesse