OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Engelmacherin
## German
### Etymology

From Engelmacher (“abortionist”) +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛŋl̩ˌmaχɐʁɪn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: En‧gel‧ma‧che‧rin

### Noun

Engelmacherin f (genitive Engelmacherin, plural Engelmacherinnen, masculine Engelmacher)
* female equivalent of Engelmacher: female abortionist

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Engelmacherin” in Duden online
# dyfekët
## Albanian
### Noun

dyfekët
* definite nominative/accusative plural of dyfek
# 안휘
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 安徽.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [a̠nɦɥi] ~ [a̠nɦy]
* Phonetic hangul: [안휘]
| Form from Sino-Korean | 안휘(安徽) (Anhwi) |
| Form from Standard Mandarin | 안후이 (Anhu'i) |

### Proper noun

안휘 • (Anhwi) (hanja 安徽)
* Anhui (a province in eastern China)

#### Usage notes

From the first millennium until the 1980s, all Koreans referred to all place names in China by their Sino-Korean names.
In 1986, the South Korean government mandated that place names which have been used in modern China (defined as after 1911) should be referred to by transliterations of their Standard Mandarin names, while historical place names which have not been in use in modern times would still be referred to by their Sino-Korean names. Hence the ancient imperial capital of Chang'an would still be called 장안(長安) (Jang'an), while Xi'an, the modern city at the site of Chang'an, would be called 시안 (Sian) and not the traditional Sino-Korean 서안(西安) (Seoan).
This is currently enforced by Chapter 4, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (4장 2절 2항) of the Law of Foreign Words Notation.
South Koreans today have generally accepted the use of Mandarin forms for most modern Chinese place names, although the traditional Sino-Korean place names remain commonly used for:
   * Locations of cultural or historical importance such as 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang, “Luoyang”), 황하(黃河) (Hwangha, “Yellow River”), and 태산(泰山) (Taesan, “Mount Tai”)
   * Certain large cities such as 북경(北京) (Bukgyeong, “Beijing”), 상해(上海) (Sanghae, “Shanghai”), and 청도(靑島) (Cheongdo, “Qingdao”), although the Mandarin forms are increasingly common for some of these, especially among younger speakers
   * Certain provinces such as 사천(四川) (Sacheon, “Sichuan”) and 길림(吉林) (Gillim, “Jilin”); again, the Mandarin forms are increasingly common for some of these
Use of such well-established Sino-Korean toponyms is permitted by Chapter 4, Section 2, Paragraph 4 of the Law. However, government institutions, most media outlets, and school textbooks use the new Mandarin-derived forms even for these.
In certain academic fields and literary genres in South Korea, it is conventional to only use Sino-Korean toponyms. In academia, this includes history, literary studies, and Chinese linguistics.
In North Korea and among Koreans in China, only the Sino-Korean forms are used.
# Metani
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Metani m
* a surname
# Floridiot
## English
### Etymology

Blend of Florida +‎ idiot.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /fləˈɹɪdiət/

### Noun

Floridiot (plural Floridiots)
* (slang, derogatory) A native or resident of Florida; a Floridian.
# しでかす
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of しでかす – see the following entry. :
| 【仕出かす】 | [verb] to make a mess; to perpetrate |
(This term, しでかす (shidekasu), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# Panikmacherin
## German
### Etymology

From Panikmacher (“panicmonger, alarmist”) +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaːnɪkˌmaχɐʁɪn/
* Hyphenation: Pa‧nik‧ma‧che‧rin

### Noun

Panikmacherin f (genitive Panikmacherin, plural Panikmacherinnen, masculine Panikmacher)
* female equivalent of Panikmacher: female panicmonger/alarmist
# adeus
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* adéus (pre-2016 spelling)

### Noun

adeus
* plural of adeu

## Galician
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin ad Deum (“to God”). Compare Aragonese adiós, Asturian adiós, Catalan adeu, Dutch aju, English adieu, Extremaduran adiós, French adieu, German tschüss, Greek αντίο (antío), Italian addio, Maltese addiju, Mirandese adius, Occitan adieu, Portuguese adeus, Romanian adio, Serbo-Croatian ади̏о/adȉo, Slovene adȋjo, Spanish adiós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aˈðeʊ̯s]

### Noun

adeus m (plural adeuses)
* a goodbye

### Interjection

adeus
* goodbye
** c1950, folk song recorded by Alan Lomax:
    Agora adeus, adeus Sabés que me vou Non chorés agora que inda aquí che estouNow goodbye, goodbye, you know I'm going; Don't you cry just now cause I'm still here.

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “adeus”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “adeus”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “adeus”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “adeus”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin ad Deum (“to God”). Compare Aragonese, Asturian, Extremaduran, and Spanish adiós, Catalan adeu, Dutch ajuus, English, French, and Occitan adieu, German tschüss, Greek αντίο (antío), Galician adeus, Italian addio, Maltese addiju, Mirandese adius, Romanian adio, Serbo-Croatian ади̏о/adȉo, Slovene adȋjo.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈdews/ [aˈdeʊ̯s]
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈdews/ [aˈdeʊ̯s]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aˈdewʃ/ [aˈdeʊ̯ʃ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈdewʃ/ [ɐˈðewʃ]
* Audio (Portugal):(file)
* Audio (Brazil):(file)

### Interjection

adeus
* goodbye (farewell)
    Synonyms: tchau, até mais, falou, (Mozambique) ambanine

#### Usage notes

While in Portugal, adeus is used to simply say goodbye, in Brazil it is usually used for long or permanent departures.

#### Descendants

* Papiamentu: ayó
# dyfeqe
## Albanian
### Noun

dyfeqe
* indefinite nominative/accusative plural of dyfek
# An Huy
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安徽.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔaːn˧˧ hwi˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔaːŋ˧˧ hwɪj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔaːŋ˧˧ wɪj˧˧]

### Proper noun

An Huy
* Anhui (a province in eastern China)
# sutsowa
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsut͡ʃoa/ [ˌsuː.t͡ʃoˈa]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˈsutsoa/ [ˌsut̪.soˈa]
* Rhymes: -ut͡ʃoa, (no yod coalescence) -utsoa
* Syllabification: sut‧so‧wa

### Noun

sútsowá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜏ)
* Alternative form of sotsowa
# witch's broom
## English
### Alternative forms

* witches' broom

### Noun

witch's broom (countable and uncountable, plural witch's brooms)
* (phytopathology) A disease or deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, such that the natural structure of the plant is changed so that a dense mass of shoots grows from a single point.
    Synonym: witches' besom

#### Related terms

* broomstick
# 구안와사
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 口眼喎斜, lit "crooked and slanted mouth and eyes". First attested in Literary Chinese prose in the Gugeup ganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, with the Middle Korean gloss "입과 눈과 기울며 ...", illustrating the principle symptoms associated with this condition in traditional Korean medicine.
The reading 와(喎) (wa) is unorthodox, likely formed by analogy with the visually similar and semantically related 와(渦) (wa, “vortex”). See also 구안괘사 (guan'gwaesa) with the orthodox reading.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kua̠nwa̠sʰa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [구아놔사]

### Noun

구안와사 • (guanwasa) (hanja 口眼喎斜)
* (especially colloquial or traditional Korean medicine) facial nerve paralysis
    Synonyms: 안면마비 (anmyeonmabi), 안면신경마비 (anmyeonsin'gyeongmabi) (chiefly formal or medicine)
    Alternative form: 구안괘사(口眼喎斜) (guan'gwaesa) (orthodox reading)
# romper una lanza
## Spanish
### Etymology

Literally, “to break a lance”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /romˌpeɾ ˌuna ˈlanθa/ [rõmˌpeɾ ˌu.na ˈlãn̟.θa]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /romˌpeɾ ˌuna ˈlansa/ [rõmˌpeɾ ˌu.na ˈlãn.sa]
* Syllabification: rom‧per u‧na lan‧za

### Verb

romper una lanza (first-person singular present rompo una lanza, first-person singular preterite rompí una lanza, past participle roto una lanza)
* (idiomatic) to stand up (for), to break a lance (for)
    Rompió una lanza por su equipo.He stood up for his team

#### See also

* estar al quite

### Further reading

* “romper una lanza”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞
## Prakrit
### Alternative forms

* 𑀫𑀭𑀝𑁆𑀞 (maraṭṭha), 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀝 (marahaṭṭa)

### Etymology

* PIE word
* *méǵh₂s
* masculine: 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞 m (marahaṭṭha)
* feminine: 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻 f (marahaṭṭhī)
Inherited from Sanskrit महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra).

### Noun

𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞 (marahaṭṭha) m (Devanagari मरहट्ठ, Kannada ಮರಹಟ್ಠ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
* a Maratha, Maharashtrian

#### Declension
### Proper noun

𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞 (marahaṭṭha) m or n (Devanagari मरहट्ठ, Kannada ಮರಹಟ್ಠ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
* Maharashtra (a state in western India; largest city: Mumbai)

#### Derived terms

* 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻 (marahaṭṭhī) (see there for further descendants)
* *𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞-𑀅 (*marahaṭṭha-a), *𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞-𑀕 (*marahaṭṭha-ga)
** Gurjara Apabhramsa:
*** Gujarati: મરાઠો (marāṭho)
** Helu Prakrit:
*** Sinhalese: මහරට (maharaṭa)
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: मर्‍हाटा (mar‍hāṭā), मर्‍हाटें (mar‍hāṭeṃ), मराठ (marāṭha)
    Modi script: 𑘦𑘨𑘿‍𑘮𑘰𑘘𑘰 (mar‍hāṭā), 𑘦𑘨𑘿‍𑘮𑘰𑘘𑘹𑘽 (mar‍hāṭeṃ), 𑘦𑘨𑘰𑘙 (marāṭha)
*** Marathi: मराठा (marāṭhā)
** Nepali: मरहट्ठा (marahaṭṭhā)
** Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
*** Hindustani: marāṭhā
    Hindi: मराठा
    Urdu: مَرَاٹَھا (marāṭhā)

#### Descendants

* Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: मरहट्ट (marahaṭṭa), मर्‍हाट (mar‍hāṭa), महराट (maharāṭa)
    Modi script: 𑘦𑘨𑘮𑘘𑘿𑘘 (marahaṭṭa), 𑘦𑘨𑘿‍𑘮𑘰𑘘 (mar‍hāṭa), 𑘦𑘮𑘨𑘰𑘘 (maharāṭa)

### Further reading

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “मरहट्ठ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
* Mohanlal Mehta with K. Rishabh Chandra (1970) Āgamic Index: Prakrit Proper Names, page 550
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 245
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mahārāṣṭra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 572
# dyfeqet
## Albanian
### Noun

dyfeqet
* definite nominative/accusative plural of dyfek
# idiotorial
## English
### Etymology

Blend of idiot +‎ editorial

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɪdiəˈtɔːɹɪəl/
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˌɪdiəˈtɔɹiəl/

### Noun

idiotorial (plural idiotorials)
* (informal, humorous) An editorial expressing an idiotic opinion.
** 1908, The Débris, page 344:Doubtless you, gentle reader, are giving yourself over to the frivolity of glancing this way in the same spirit of novelty that impelled us to write an idiotorial that really said something.
** 1922, August Claessens, The Trinity of Plunder, page 20:Echoes of Mallock's arguments are still in the air, and every time some "idiotor" of a great daily wants to write a rant against the “Reds” he grabs his well-worn copy of Mallock, breathes in some of its inspiration and then blows it out into a long-winded, big-worded “idiotorial” on Socialism.
** 1975, Walter Winchell, Winchell exclusive: "things that happened to me--and me to them:The head over the idiotorial was: "WINCHELL THE COCKROACH!"
** 2013, Robert Arellano, Don Dimaio of La Plata:Sukoff is already on his cell assigning the shocking story to one of his non-union stooges at the PlaGa meanwhile dictating an enraged idiotorial that's supposed to pass as the opinion of the whole soulless paper.

### Adjective

idiotorial (comparative more idiotorial, superlative most idiotorial)
* Pertaining to the writing of idiotorials.
** 1908, Purdue ... Debris, page 344:In explanation of how we prepare these unoffending and peaceable dissertations that have met with such universal acknowledgement, we vouchsafe the following instruction to the young idiotorial space-filler.
** 1971, Riverside Quarterly - Volume 5, Issue 2 - Volume 6, Issue 2, page 167:On the theory that intelligent life exists north of the Border, we (the well-known idiotorial "we") welcome, this issue, two new Canadian artists, Claudia Dubie and Ralph Alfonso.
** 2018, Joesph Ovette, Advanced Magic, page 37:Then we have the Idiotorial Necromancer and Presto High-Diver, who writes learnedly of that which he does not comprehend and which he is incompetent to analyze.
# 凹面
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): āomiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄠ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nap$^1$ min$^{6-2}$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: āomiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄠ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: aomiàn
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^1$-mien$^4$
*** Yale: āu-myàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aumiann
*** Palladius: аомянь (aomjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nap$^1$ min$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: nāp mín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nap$^7$ min$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: neb$^1$ min$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɐp̚⁵ miːn²²⁻³⁵/

### Noun

凹面
* concave surface

#### Antonyms

* 凸面 (tūmiàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 凹 | 面 |
| おう Grade: S | めん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おーめん [òóméń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞ːmẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

凹(おう)面(めん) • (ōmen)
* concave area

#### Antonyms

* 凸面(とつめん) (totsumen)
# Preisleistungsverhältnis
## German
### Alternative forms

* Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʁaɪ̯sˈlaɪ̯stʊŋsfɛɐ̯ˌhɛltnɪs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Preis‧leis‧tungs‧ver‧hält‧nis

### Noun

Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis n (strong, genitive Preisleistungsverhältnisses, plural Preisleistungsverhältnisse)
* Alternative spelling of Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.
# 舞って
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 舞
* ま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 舞って – see the following entry: まって
(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: まって.)
# いつみ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of いつみ – see the following entries. :
| 【逸見】 | [proper noun] a surname |
| 【逸美】 | [proper noun] a female given name |
| 【愛あづみ】4 | [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spellings 真, ああい, あゝい, あいか, あいす, あき, あこ, あみか, あおい, ありさ, あや, あゆ, ちぎり, ちか, ちかし, えりな, はあと, ひかり, いと, いとし, いずみ, かな, かなえ, かなさ, きずな, こころ, こゝろ, このむ, まどか, まなぶ, まなみ, めづる, めご, めぐ, めぐみ, めぐむ, めい, なる, なるこ, のぞみ, らぶ, るい, さら, さらん, つぐみ, つくみ, うい, よし, よしき, よしみ |
(This term, いつみ (itsumi), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) :
# Gansu
## English
### Alternative forms

* Kansu, Kansuh, Kan-suh (obsolete)
* Kan-su (Wade–Giles)

### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 甘肅 / 甘肃 (Gānsù).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -uː

### Proper noun

Gansu
* A province in northwestern China. Capital: Lanzhou.
** 2015 October 16, Matt O'Brien, “This is where China’s future will be decided.”, in The Washington Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 November 2015, Wonkblog‎:This is Lanzhou, the old Silk Road outpost that has matured into a metropolis of almost 4 million as the capital of Gansu province in China’s still-poor northwest. And as your lungs can attest, it is one of the most polluted cities in the country.
** 2021 April 27, “Wall of sand engulfs Chinese town”, in France 24‎, archived from the original on 27 April 2021‎:A towering wall of sand rushed over factories and apartment blocks in northwestern China's Gansu province as seasonal sandstorms barrelled across the country, causing air pollution and traffic accidents. Aerial images as it struck showed an apocalyptic scene as a billowing cloud of yellow dust smothered Gansu's Linze county on Sunday.

#### Descendants

* Latin: gansuensis

#### Translations
### See also

Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China in English (layout · text) :
* Provinces: Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan (claimed) · Yunnan · Zhejiang
* Autonomous regions: Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang
* Municipalities: Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing
* Special administrative regions: Hong Kong · Macau

### Further reading

* Saul B. Cohen, editor (2008), “Gansu”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, 2nd edition, volume 1, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1316, columns 1, 2

### Anagrams

* Agnus, sunga, guans, Ganus, Aungs, Sangu, ungas, Angus, gusan, sugan, Śuṅga, Sunga, angus, saung, Sagun, Guans, gunas
# sr.
## Interlingua
### Adjective

sr.
* Abbreviation of senior.
# histiology
## English
### Etymology

From histio- +‎ -logy = histi- +‎ -ology.

### Noun

histiology (uncountable)
* (dated) Alternative form of histology

#### Derived terms

* histiological
# 圧迫
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 圧 | 迫 |
| あつ > あっ Grade: 5 | はく > ぱく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 壓迫 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あっぱく [àppákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠p̚pa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

圧(あっ)迫(ぱく) • (appaku)
* pressure, oppression

### Verb

圧(あっ)迫(ぱく)する • (appaku suru) transitive suru (stem 圧(あっ)迫(ぱく)し (appaku shi), past 圧(あっ)迫(ぱく)した (appaku shita))
* put pressure on
** 2000, あずまひよひこ, 電撃大王、あずまんが大王:
    眼(がん)球(きゅう)を圧(あっ)迫(ぱく)する
       Gankyū o appaku suru
       Apply pressure on the eyeballs.
* oppress
** 1938, 戸坂潤, 読書法:
    個(こ)人(じん)は社(しゃ)会(かい)によって圧(あっ)迫(ぱく)されるからだ。
       Kojin wa shakai ni yotte appaku sareru kara da.
       It's because the individual is oppressed by society.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 圧迫し | あっぱくし | appaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 圧迫し | あっぱくし | appaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 圧迫する | あっぱくする | appaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 圧迫する | あっぱくする | appaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 圧迫すれ | あっぱくすれ | appaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 圧迫せよ¹ 圧迫しろ² | あっぱくせよ¹ あっぱくしろ² | appaku seyo¹ appaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 圧迫される | あっぱくされる | appaku sareru |
| Causative | 圧迫させる 圧迫さす | あっぱくさせる あっぱくさす | appaku saseru appaku sasu |
| Potential | 圧迫できる | あっぱくできる | appaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 圧迫しよう | あっぱくしよう | appaku shiyō |
| Negative | 圧迫しない | あっぱくしない | appaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 圧迫せず | あっぱくせず | appaku sezu |
| Formal | 圧迫します | あっぱくします | appaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 圧迫した | あっぱくした | appaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 圧迫して | あっぱくして | appaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 圧迫すれば | あっぱくすれば | appaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# pollutional
## English
### Etymology

From pollution +‎ -al.

### Adjective

pollutional (not comparable)
* Of or relating to pollution.
    Synonym: pollutionary
# kullusmë
## Albanian
### Etymology

A metathesis of *kullumesë (cf. gjysmë) borrowed from Vulgar Latin columnātia (cf. Latin columnātiō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuˈɫusmə/
* Rhymes: -usmə
* Hyphenation: ku‧llús‧më

### Noun

kullusmë f (definite kullúsma)
* (uncountable) thicket, copse
    Synonyms: blacë, dendësirë

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kullusmë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 203

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “kullusmë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
# hewer
## English
### Etymology

From hew +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

hewer (plural hewers)
* One who hews.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 2:10:And behold, I will giue to thy seruants the hewers that cut timber, twentie thousand measures of beaten wheat, and twentie thousand measures of barley, and twentie thousand baths of wine, and twentie thousand baths of oyle.
** 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 225:The Larrakiahs at Port Darwin seem to have identified themselves with the white population, and became hewers of wood and drawers of water for the settlement.
** 1904, Kellogg Durland, Among the Fife Miners, page 62:By certain arrangements in the former method the miner not only gets the coal but makes all proppings and repairs, so that the face moves much more slowly than with the other method where the hewers devote all their time to getting the coal […]
** 1975, Lawrence Schofer, The Formation of a Modern Labor Force, Upper Silesia, 1865-1914:All three groups were paid less per shift than coal miners. In 1905, for instance, hewers in coal mines received an average 3.79 marks per shift; in zinc and lead, 3.10 marks; in iron, 2.36 marks.

#### Derived terms

* hewers of wood and drawers of water
* rough-hewer
* wood hewer
* wood-hewer

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* rehew, where, where-

## Middle English
### Noun

hewer
* Alternative form of ewer
# 감숙
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 甘肅.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ka̠msʰuk̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [감숙]
| Form from Sino-Korean | 감숙(甘肅) (Gamsuk) |
| Form from Standard Mandarin | 간쑤 (Ganssu) |

### Proper noun

감숙 • (Gamsuk) (hanja 甘肅)
* Gansu (a province in northwestern China)

#### Usage notes

From the first millennium until the 1980s, all Koreans referred to all place names in China by their Sino-Korean names.
In 1986, the South Korean government mandated that place names which have been used in modern China (defined as after 1911) should be referred to by transliterations of their Standard Mandarin names, while historical place names which have not been in use in modern times would still be referred to by their Sino-Korean names. Hence the ancient imperial capital of Chang'an would still be called 장안(長安) (Jang'an), while Xi'an, the modern city at the site of Chang'an, would be called 시안 (Sian) and not the traditional Sino-Korean 서안(西安) (Seoan).
This is currently enforced by Chapter 4, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (4장 2절 2항) of the Law of Foreign Words Notation.
South Koreans today have generally accepted the use of Mandarin forms for most modern Chinese place names, although the traditional Sino-Korean place names remain commonly used for:
   * Locations of cultural or historical importance such as 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang, “Luoyang”), 황하(黃河) (Hwangha, “Yellow River”), and 태산(泰山) (Taesan, “Mount Tai”)
   * Certain large cities such as 북경(北京) (Bukgyeong, “Beijing”), 상해(上海) (Sanghae, “Shanghai”), and 청도(靑島) (Cheongdo, “Qingdao”), although the Mandarin forms are increasingly common for some of these, especially among younger speakers
   * Certain provinces such as 사천(四川) (Sacheon, “Sichuan”) and 길림(吉林) (Gillim, “Jilin”); again, the Mandarin forms are increasingly common for some of these
Use of such well-established Sino-Korean toponyms is permitted by Chapter 4, Section 2, Paragraph 4 of the Law. However, government institutions, most media outlets, and school textbooks use the new Mandarin-derived forms even for these.
In certain academic fields and literary genres in South Korea, it is conventional to only use Sino-Korean toponyms. In academia, this includes history, literary studies, and Chinese linguistics.
In North Korea and among Koreans in China, only the Sino-Korean forms are used.

#### Synonyms

* (Gansu): 간쑤 (Ganssu)