# fuga
## English
### Etymology

From Italian fuga. Doublet of fugue.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfjuːɡə/

### Noun

fuga (plural fugas)
* (music, dated) A fugue.

### References

* “fuga”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin fuga, probably a borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfuɡa/ [ˈfu.ɣ̞a]

### Noun

fuga f (plural fugues)
* flight (act of fleeing)
    Synonym: fuxida
* (music) fugue

#### Related terms

* fuxir

## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin fuga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈfu.ɣə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈfu.ɣa]

### Noun

fuga f (plural fugues)
* flight, escape
    Synonym: fugida
* (music) fugue

#### Related terms

* fugir

### Further reading

* “fuga” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “fuga”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “fuga” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “fuga” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

From German Fuge.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfuɡa]
* Hyphenation: fu‧ga

### Noun

fuga f
* fugue

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “fuga”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “fuga”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “fuga”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

## Danish
### Etymology

From French fugue or Italian fuga, both from Latin fuga (“flight”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfuˀɡa/

### Noun

fuga c (singular definite fugaen, plural indefinite fugaer)
* fugue

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “fuga” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “fuga” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From French fugue or Italian fuga, both from Latin fuga (“flight”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfyɣa/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

fuga m or f (plural fuga's, diminutive fugaatje n)
* fugue

### References

* “fuga” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfuɡa]
* Rhymes: -uɡa
* Hyphenation: fu‧ga

### Adjective

fuga (accusative singular fugan, plural fugaj, accusative plural fugajn)
* fugal

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Fuge.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfuɡɒ]
* Hyphenation: fu‧ga
* Rhymes: -ɡɒ

### Noun

fuga (plural fugák)
* joint (the vertical and horizontal gap between elements in brick/stone walls)
    Synonyms: rés, hézag
* grout, caulk, pointing (filling material)
    Synonyms: tömítés, tömítőanyag
    Coordinate terms: szilikon, habarcs, malter

#### Derived terms

* fugáz

### See also

* fúga

### References

* ↑ fuga in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* fuga in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfu.ɡa/
* Rhymes: -uɡa
* Hyphenation: fù‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin fuga. Compare the inherited doublet foga.

#### Noun

fuga f (plural fughe, diminutive fughétta, augmentative fugóna or fugóne)
* flight, escape
* leak, leakage
* (music) fugue
* (cycle racing) breakaway, break

##### Related terms

* fugace
* fugare
* fugato
* fuggire
* fuggitivo

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: فوغا (fūḡā)
* → Armenian: ֆուգա (fuga)
* → Azerbaijani: fuqa
* → Bulgarian: фуга (fuga)
* → Catalan: fuga
* → Chinese: 賦格 / 赋格 (fùgé)
* → Danish: fuga
* → Dutch: fuga
* → English: fuga
* → Estonian: fuuga
* → Finnish: fuuga
* → Friulian: fughe
* → Georgian: ფუგა (puga)
* → German: Fuge
** → Czech: fuga
** → Russian: фуга (fuga)
*** → Kazakh: фуга (fuga)
* → Greek: φούγκα (foúgka)
* → Hungarian: fúga
* → Icelandic: fúga
* → Japanese: フーガ
* → Korean: 푸가 (puga)
* → Lithuanian: fuga
* → Macedonian: фуга (fuga)
* → Portuguese: fuga
* → Romanian: fugă
* → Slovak: fuga
* → Slovene: fuga
* → Spanish: fuga
* → Swedish: fuga
* → Turkish: füg

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

fuga
* inflection of fugare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* fuga in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* fuga in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* gufa

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* fugēla, fugella (pre-Classical, post-classical)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fugā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂. Cognate to Ancient Greek φυγή (phugḗ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfu.ɡa/, [ˈfʊɡä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfu.ɡa/, [ˈfuːɡä]

### Noun

fuga f (genitive fugae); first declension
* flight, fleeing, escape
    Pestilentī dēsertā regiōne vēlōciōrī sē fugā prōripiunt.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.137:“Mātūrāte fugam, rēgīque haec dīcite vestrō: [...].”“Hasten [your] escape, and go tell your king these [words]: [...].” (Neptune dismisses the winds with a message for King Aeolus.)
* avoidance
* exile

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* fugio, fugo
* refugium

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance
** Aromanian: fugã
** Romanian: fugă
* Friulian: foghe, fughe
* Italian: foga
** → French: fougue
* Piedmontese: fuga

##### Borrowings

* → Catalan: fuga
* → French: fugue
** → English: fugue
** → Persian: فوگ (fug)
** → Turkish: füg
* → Italian: fuga (see there for further descendants)
* → Occitan: fòga
* → Portuguese: fuga
* → Spanish: fuga
* → Welsh: ffo

### References

* “fuga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fuga”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "fuga", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* fuga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. prodigal expenditure: sumptus effusi (vid. sect. IX. 2, note Cf. effusa fuga...) or profusi to put the enemy to flight: in fugam dare, conicere hostem (1) to put to flight, (2) to take to flight: fugam facere (Sall. Iug. 53) to take to flight: fugae se mandare (B. G. 2. 24) to take to flight: fugam capessere, capere to take to flight: se dare in fugam, fugae to take to flight: se conicere, se conferre in fugam to seek safety in flight: fuga salutem petere headlong flight: fuga effusa, praeceps (Liv. 30. 5) to flee headlong: praecipitem se fugae mandare soldiers routed and dispersed: ex (in) fuga dissipati or dispersi (B. G. 2. 24) to bring the flying enemy to a stand: fugam hostium reprimere (B. G. 3. 14) to save oneself by flight: se fuga recipere (B. G. 1. 11)
* fuga in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* fuge

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²fʉːɡɑ/

### Verb

fuga (present tense fugar, past tense fuga, past participle fuga, passive infinitive fugast, present participle fugande, imperative fuga/fug)
* to join bricks, stones or tiles

### Further reading

* “fuga” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfu.ɡa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uɡa
* Syllabification: fu‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Fuge.

#### Noun

fuga f
* joint, interstice (gap, e.g. between bricks)
* grout
    Niebieska fuga nie pasuje do brązowych kafli. ― Blue grout doesn't match brown tiles.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin fuga.

#### Noun

fuga f
* (music) fugue

##### Declension
### Further reading

* fuga in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* fuga in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfu.ɡɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfu.ɡɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfu.ɡa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfu.ɡɐ/ [ˈfu.ɣɐ]

### Etymology 1

From Latin fuga, probably a borrowing.

#### Noun

fuga f (plural fugas)
* escape, flight (act of fleeing)
    Synonyms: fugida, evasão
    Sua fuga da prisão foi bem planejada.His escape from prison was well planned.
* leak (of water, gas, information etc.)
    Synonym: vazamento
* evasion (of responsibility, tax etc.)
    Synonyms: evasiva, evasão

##### Derived terms

* fuga de capitais
* fuga de cérebros
* fuga de informação
* ponto de fuga

##### Related terms

* fugir

### Etymology 2

From Italian fuga.

#### Noun

fuga f (plural fugas)
* (music) fugue (piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices)

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin fugāre.

### Verb

a fuga (third-person singular present fugă, past participle fugat) 1st conjugation
* (dated, regional, Transylvania) to banish, expel, drive away, chase off

#### Synonyms

* alunga, fugări, goni, izgoni

#### Related terms

* fugă
* fugaci
* fugi

## Samoan
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *puŋa (“flower; bossom”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”), from Proto-Austronesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fu.ŋa/

### Noun

fuga
* flower

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian fuga (“musical form, fleeing”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fǔːɡa/
* Hyphenation: fu‧ga

#### Noun

fúga f (Cyrillic spelling фу́га)
* (music) fugue
* (psychiatry) fugue state

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Fuge (same meaning), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, attach”).

#### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /fǔːɡa/
* Hyphenation: fu‧ga

#### Noun

fúga f (Cyrillic spelling фу́га)
* (construction, singular only) the filling between bricks/tiles

##### Declension
#### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /fûɡa/
* Hyphenation: fu‧ga

### Etymology 3

Variant of vȕga, from Proto-Slavic *jьvьlga.

#### Noun

fȕga f (Cyrillic spelling фу̏га)
* (Montenegro) oriole
    Synonym: vuga
** 2022, Миоград В. Јовановић, editor, Рјечник говора Паштровића‎, →ISBN, page 366:Фу̏га пра̏вӣ гни̏јездо висо̏ко у кро̏шњу др̏ветаFȕga prȁvī gnȉjezdo visȍko u krȍšnju dȑvetaThe oriole builds its nest high up in the tree crown

##### Declension
### References

* Franjo Iveković, Ivan Broz (1901) Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika. Svezak I. A–O‎, Zagreb: Štamparija Karla Albrechta (Jos. Wittasek), page 295
* “fuga”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025 (musical form, psychological state)
* “fuga”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025 (construction)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfuɡa/ [ˈfu.ɣ̞a]
* Rhymes: -uɡa
* Syllabification: fu‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin fuga.

#### Noun

fuga f (plural fugas)
* escape, flight
    Synonym: huida
* leak
    Synonym: escape

##### Derived terms

* fuga de cerebros
* punto de fuga

##### Related terms

* fugar
* fugitivo
* huir
* refugio

##### Descendants

* → Tagalog: puga (“escape from prison”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

fuga
* inflection of fugar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “fuga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “fuga”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Sranan Tongo
### Verb

fuga
* to be annoyed, to be fed up

### Adjective

fuga
* disgusting

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túga.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-fuga (infinitive kufuga)
* to keep (livestock)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -fuga :
| Positive present | -nafuga |
| Subjunctive | -fuge |
| Negative | -fugi |
| Imperative singular | fuga |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kufuga |
| Negative | kutofuga |
Imperatives :
| Singular | fuga |
| Plural | fugeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hufuga |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lifuga |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kufuga |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tafuga |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tafuga |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sifuge |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngefuga |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singefuga |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalifuga |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalifuga |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mefuga |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshafuga |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jafuga |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kifuga |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipofuga |
| Consecutive | kafuga / positive subject concord + -kafuga |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kafuge |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** mfugo (“livestock”)

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian fuga, from Latin fuga (“flight; escape”).

### Noun

fuga c
* (music) fugue

#### Related terms

* fugaform
* fugasats
* fugato
* fugerad
* fugering

### References

* fuga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* fuga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* fuga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)