# kali
## English
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قِلْي (qily). See alkali.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkæli/, /ˈkeɪli/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

kali (uncountable)
* The prickly glasswort (Kali turgidum, syn. of Salsola kali).
** 1765, Temple H. Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clarke, The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Volume 2:But the kali is principally regarded, on account of its yielding copiously, when burnt, the fixed alkaline salt called soda […]
* Alkali, particularly soda ash or potash.

### Etymology 2

Uncertain; see arnis#Name at Wikipedia for more.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑːli/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

kali (uncountable)
* Traditional Philippine stick fighting, a martial art.
    Synonyms: arnis, eskrima

### Etymology 3

Uncertain; possibly a reference to the appearance of soda ash produced by burning kali (Etymology 1).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkeɪli/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

kali (uncountable)
* A type of British crystalline sweet or candy, similar in appearance to sherbet but made with larger sugar crystals.
** 1928, Kenrayne (pseudonym), “Toffees and Twists”, in The Homestead (South Africa)‎, page 27:[M]any women will be glad to know exactly how to start making sweets so that they will be saleable. [...] Lozenges, comfits, kali, bonbons, etc.
** 2005, Christopher Upton, Living Back-to-back‎, page 152:The stock is supplied by Sela Traditional Sweet Co., based in Thynne Street, West Bromwich, which has been making a vast range of boiled sweets—sarsaparilla tablets, kali, clove balls, lime juice bricks, rosy apples and the rest—since 1882.
** 2012 June 6, Nigel Slater (@NigelSlater), Twitter‎:A positive shower of sherbets. Include fountains, lemons, dibdabs, flying saucers, even jars of Kali.

### Anagrams

* Lika, ilka, Kail, kail, kila, laik, Laki, Akil

## Albanian
### Noun

kali
* definite nominative singular and indefinite dative/ablative singular of kalë

## Amis
### Noun

kali
* ditch; trench

## Anguthimri
### Noun

kali
* (Mpakwithi) hole

### References

* Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 186

## Betawi
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali. Compare to Malay gali ~ kali (“to dug”).

### Noun

kali
* river

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈli/ [kaˈl̪i]
* Hyphenation: ka‧li

### Noun

kalí (Basahan spelling ᜃᜎᜒ)
* canal; ditch; trench; gutter
    Synonym: saruro

#### Derived terms

* kali-kali

## Central Huasteca Nahuatl
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

kali
* building, house.

## Central Nahuatl
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

kali
* building, house.

## Dupaningan Agta
### Noun

kali
* kind of large bird

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali.

### Noun

kali f (plural kali's)
* (Indonesia) river
** 1978, “Ajoen Ajoen”, in Anton Beuving (lyrics), Harry Bannink (music), Weerzien met Indië‎, performed by Wieteke van Dort:Ga niet baden daar in de kali / en ga niet trouwen daar in Pesapen / Laat je raden, m’n kleine Ali / wanneer ik jou met raad van dienst wil zijn / (...) / Want een kaaiman zit in de kali / en ook een kaaiman zit in Pesapen / ’t Is je schoonma, m′n kleine Ali / die erop loert dat jij getrouwd zal zijnDon't go bathing out there in the river / and don't get married out there in Pesapen / Take good counsel, my little Ali / when I wish to be of service to you with advice / (...) / Because there's a caiman in the river/ and there's also a caiman in Pesapen / It's your mother-in-law, my little Ali / who's lying in wait for you to have gotten married

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kalja. Possibly a pre-Balto-Slavic Indo-European loan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂al-ew-yo-.

### Noun

kali (genitive kalja, partitive kalja)
* kvass

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Kali.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑli/, [ˈkɑ̝li]
* Rhymes: -ɑli
* Hyphenation: ka‧li

### Noun

kali
* potassium
* potassium oxide

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kali (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kalini
kalini
accusative
nom.
kalini
kalini
gen.
kalini
genitive
kalini
kalieni
partitive
kaliani
kalejani
inessive
kalissani
kaleissani
elative
kalistani
kaleistani
illative
kaliini
kaleihini
adessive
kalillani
kaleillani
ablative
kaliltani
kaleiltani
allative
kalilleni
kaleilleni
essive
kalinani
kaleinani
translative
kalikseni
kaleikseni
abessive
kalittani
kaleittani
instructive
comitative
—kaleineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kalisi
kalisi
accusative
nom.
kalisi
kalisi
gen.
kalisi
genitive
kalisi
kaliesi
partitive
kaliasi
kalejasi
inessive
kalissasi
kaleissasi
elative
kalistasi
kaleistasi
illative
kaliisi
kaleihisi
adessive
kalillasi
kaleillasi
ablative
kaliltasi
kaleiltasi
allative
kalillesi
kaleillesi
essive
kalinasi
kaleinasi
translative
kaliksesi
kaleiksesi
abessive
kalittasi
kaleittasi
instructive
comitative
—kaleinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kalimme
kalimme
accusative
nom.
kalimme
kalimme
gen.
kalimme
genitive
kalimme
kaliemme
partitive
kaliamme
kalejamme
inessive
kalissamme
kaleissamme
elative
kalistamme
kaleistamme
illative
kaliimme
kaleihimme
adessive
kalillamme
kaleillamme
ablative
kaliltamme
kaleiltamme
allative
kalillemme
kaleillemme
essive
kalinamme
kaleinamme
translative
kaliksemme
kaleiksemme
abessive
kalittamme
kaleittamme
instructive
comitative
—kaleinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kalinne
kalinne
accusative
nom.
kalinne
kalinne
gen.
kalinne
genitive
kalinne
kalienne
partitive
kalianne
kalejanne
inessive
kalissanne
kaleissanne
elative
kalistanne
kaleistanne
illative
kaliinne
kaleihinne
adessive
kalillanne
kaleillanne
ablative
kaliltanne
kaleiltanne
allative
kalillenne
kaleillenne
essive
kalinanne
kaleinanne
translative
kaliksenne
kaleiksenne
abessive
kalittanne
kaleittanne
instructive
comitative
—kaleinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kalinsa
kalinsa
accusative
nom.
kalinsa
kalinsa
gen.
kalinsa
genitive
kalinsa
kaliensa
partitive
kaliaan kaliansa
kalejaan kalejansa
inessive
kalissaan kalissansa
kaleissaan kaleissansa
elative
kalistaan kalistansa
kaleistaan kaleistansa
illative
kaliinsa
kaleihinsa
adessive
kalillaan kalillansa
kaleillaan kaleillansa
ablative
kaliltaan kaliltansa
kaleiltaan kaleiltansa
allative
kalilleen kalillensa
kaleilleen kaleillensa
essive
kalinaan kalinansa
kaleinaan kaleinansa
translative
kalikseen kaliksensa
kaleikseen kaleiksensa
abessive
kalittaan kalittansa
kaleittaan kaleittansa
instructive
comitative
—kaleineen kaleinensa :

#### Derived terms

* kalilannoite
* kalilipeä
* kalimaasälpä
* kalisaippua
* kalisuola

### Further reading

* “kali”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* laki, lika

## French
### Noun

kali m (plural kalis)
* kali (plant)

### Further reading

* “kali”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hawaiian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.li/, [ˈkɐ.li]

### Noun

kali
* Niʻihau form of kohe (“vagina”)

## Ilocano
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

### Verb

kali (used in the form ikali)
* to dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈkali/ [ˈka.li]
* Rhymes: -ali
* Syllabification: ka‧li

### Etymology 1

From Malay kali, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

#### Noun

kali (plural kali)
* time (instance or occurrence)
    Aku berbelanja ke pasar tiga kali seminggu.I shop at the market three times a week.

#### Preposition

kali
* (mathematics) times
    Dua kali tiga sama dengan enam. ― Two times three equals six.

#### Adverb

kali
* Clipping of barangkali (“perhaps, maybe, probably”)
* (Medan, slang) very
    Synonyms: amat, banget, sangat, sungguh

##### Usage notes

When multiplication is not commutative, dikali may be preferred. Otherwise, kali and dikali are interchangable.

##### Derived terms

* berkali-kali
* kali-kalian
* memperkalikan
* mengalikan
* pekali
* pengali
* perkalian
* sekali
* sekali-kali
* sekali-sekali
* sekalian
* acapkali
* barangkali

### Etymology 2

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali. Compare to Malay gali ~ kali (“to dug”).

#### Noun

kali (plural kali-kali)
* Synonym of sungai (“river”)

##### Derived terms

* kali mati

### Etymology 3

Compare Malay keli.

#### Noun

kali (plural kali-kali)
* (dialectal or rare) Synonym of lele (“catfish”)

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

kali (plural kali-kali)
* a high official, in South Sulawesi

### Further reading

* “kali” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

kali
* Romanization of ꦏꦭꦶ

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kali.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.li/
* Rhymes: -ali
* Syllabification: ka‧li

### Noun

kali f
* potash

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “potas”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2

## Latvian
### Verb

kali
* second-person singular past indicative of kalt

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kali/
* Rhymes: -ali, -li, -i

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

#### Alternative forms

* gali

#### Verb

kali (Jawi spelling کالي)
* Obsolete form of gali.
    Synonym: korek

### Etymology 2

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali.

#### Noun

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)
* river (large stream which drains a landmass)
    Synonyms: alir, alur, batang, bengawan, ci, sungai, wai

#### Etymology 3

From Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

#### Noun

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)
* time (instance or occurence)
    Berapa kali awak pernah melancong ke Sandakan?How many times have you been to Sandakan?

#### Preposition

kali (Jawi spelling کالي)
* (mathematics) times
    Dua kali empat sama dengan lapan. ― Two times four is equals to eight.

#### Verb

kali (Jawi spelling کالي)
* (mathematics) to times, to multiply

##### Derived terms

* pekali
* sekali
* sekali-kali
* sekalian

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kali

### Further reading

* “kali” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mauritian Creole
### Etymology

From Tamil கள்ளி (kaḷḷi).

### Noun

kali
* cactus

## Naga Pidgin
### Etymology

Inherited from Assamese কালি (kali).

### Adverb

kali
* tomorrow

#### Related terms

* aji

## Ngiyambaa
### Noun

kali
* (Waangaybuwan) water
** 2001, Mood and Modality, →ISBN:ɡaliː-ŋinda-ɡila ŋiyanu balu-y-aɡawater-CARIT-HYPOTH we+PL+NOM die-CM-IRRwe'll probably die for lack of water

#### Alternative forms

* gali (Wayilwan)

### Further reading

* Barry Alpher, Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004, →ISBN

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali. Compare to Malay gali ~ kali (“to dig”).

### Noun

kali
* river
    Synonyms: baṅawan, gaṅgā, gĕṅga, kali, kaweri, loh, lwah, nadī, prawāha, saraswat, sarit, sindhu, suṅe, suṅhe, suṅeṅ, suṅhay, suṅi
* deep watercourse
* river-bed
* channel

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦏꦭꦶ (kali)
** → Betawi: kali
** → Dutch: kali
** → Indonesian: kali
** → Malay: kali
* → Balinese: ᬓᬮᬶ (kali)

### Further reading

* "kali" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.li/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ali
* Syllabification: ka‧li

### Verb

kali
* third-person singular present of kalić

## Romani
### Adjective

kali
* feminine singular of kalo

## Serbo-Croatian
### Verb

kali (Cyrillic spelling кали)
* inflection of káliti:
** third-person singular present
** second-person singular imperative

### Noun

kali (Cyrillic spelling кали)
* nominative/vocative plural of kal

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali (“to dug”).

### Verb

kali (Sundanese script ᮊᮜᮤ)
* to dig

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

#### Adjective

-kali (declinable)
* sharp
* fierce
* acidic
* harsh, cruel
* savage
* intense

##### Derived terms

* makali
* ukali

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English kalium.

#### Noun

kali class IX (plural kali class X)
* potassium
    Synonym: potasiamu

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaˈli/ [kɐˈli], /kaˈliʔ/ [kɐˈliʔ]
* Rhymes: -i, -iʔ
* Syllabification: ka‧li

#### Noun

kalí or kalî (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒ) (chiefly in the negative)
* rest; quietude; repose; quietude

##### Alternative forms

* kale — colloquial

##### Derived terms

* di-mapakali
* kumali
* makali
* mapakali

##### See also

* pahinga
* tigil

#### Noun

kalí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒ) (medicine, archaic)
* boneache

##### Derived terms

* magpangali
* magsisipangali
* mangangali

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaˈliʔ/ [kɐˈliʔ], (colloquial) /kaˈleʔ/ [kɐˈlɛʔ]
* Rhymes: -iʔ
* Syllabification: ka‧li

#### Adverb

kalî (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒ) (Bataan)
* I wonder (placed after interrogative pronouns)
    Synonym: kaya

### Etymology 3

Possibly a clipping of kalis.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkali/ [ˈkaː.lɪ]
* Rhymes: -ali
* Syllabification: ka‧li

#### Noun

kali (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒ)
* kali (Philippine stick fighting)
    Synonyms: arnis, eskrima

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkali/ [ˈkaː.lɪ]
* Rhymes: -ali
* Syllabification: ka‧li

#### Noun

kali (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒ)
* canal
* (obsolete) excavation
* (obsolete) asking for the care of others

### Further reading

* “kali”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* laki, akli

## Tausug
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali.

### Verb

kali (used in the form magkali)
* to dig

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Ultimately from New Latin kalium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kaː˧˧ li˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: ca li

### Noun

kali
* potassium