# 宮

| 宮 | U+5BAE, &#23470; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BAE |
| ← 宭 [U+5BAD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宯 → [U+5BAF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

宮 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十口竹口 (JRHR), four-corner 3060$_6$, composition ⿱宀呂)

#### Derived characters

* 𠹒, 𫱜, 𢞏, 熍, 𦞨, 𧎡, 𩘎, 𨜳, 𢾮, 𣪯, 𦵡, 𤹜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 285, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7156
* Dae Jaweon: page 564, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 936, character 4
* Unihan data for U+5BAE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宮 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 宀 + 呂: many rooms under a roof — a mansion.

### Etymology

STEDT compares it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-jim ~ k-jum (“house”); see there for hypothesized cognates.
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Any explanation for the deviation from the "expected Mandarin reflex" form of jiōng and the actual observed pronunciation of gōng? Why did this fail to affricate? Was this re-imported into Mandarin from Cantonese, or was the Mandarin otherwise influenced by another non-affricating Chinese language?”

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōng (gong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
    (Hailu, HRS): giung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng$^1$ / gyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): keng / kiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gong
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: guung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
*** Tâi-lô: king
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
* keng - vernacular;
* kiong - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit宮 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kũn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /koŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /koŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kəŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /koŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /koŋ³³/ 新 /t͡ɕoŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kuʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kioŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /kiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kyŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kœyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /keŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /koŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 宮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居戎切 |
| Baxter | kjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)uŋ/ |
| English | dwelling; palace; note of scale |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4147 |
| Phonetic component | 宮 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 弓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuŋ/ |

### Definitions

宮
* (archaic) house; mansion; dwelling
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Shànggǔ xuéjū ér yěchǔ, hòushì shèngrén yì zhī yǐ gōngshì. [Pinyin]
    In times of yore people dwelled in caves or lived in the open wilderness. Later, wise people devised houses to replace that way of life.
* (architecture) palace
* (architecture, religion) temple; shrine
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Qiū, dān Huán gōng zhī yíng. [Pinyin]
    In the autumn, the pillars in the temple of the late Duke Huan were painted red with vermilion.
* (anatomy, in compounds) Short for 子宮／子宫 (zǐgōng, “womb; uterus”).
    宮頸／宫颈 ― gōngjǐng ― cervix
* (music) the first note of the Chinese pentatonic scale
    From: Ban Gu, The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall, 79 CE, translated based on Tjan Tjoe Som's version
    Gōng zhě, róng yě, hán yě, hánróng sìshí zhě yě. [Pinyin]
    Gōng means róng ‘to contain’; hán ‘to hold’; it contains and holds the four seasons
* (historical law) castration as a punishment
* (obsolete) to surround; to encircle
* a surname

#### Usage notes

In reference to temples, 宮 / 宫 (gōng) is used for traditional deities considered to rank highly in the celestial bureaucracy, such as Mazu who was honored by the Qing dynasty as the "Queen of Heaven" after their successful invasion of Taiwan. In earlier history, it also referred to ancestral shrines.

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese pentatonic scale) 宮 / 宫 (gōng), 商 (shāng), 角, 徵 / 征, 羽

#### Hypernyms

* (historical punishment): 五刑 (wǔxíng)

#### Synonyms

* (house):
* 住宅 (zhùzhái)
* 住屋 (zhùwū)
* 住房 (zhùfáng)
* 住所 (zhùsuǒ)
* 住處 / 住处 (zhùchù)
* 宅第 ($^8$zaq-di) (Wu)
* 宅舍 (zháishè) (literary)
* 家室 (jiāshì)
* 宮室 / 宫室 (gōngshì) (archaic)
* 家居 (jiājū)
* 家屋 (jiāwū) (literary)
* 寓 (yù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 寓所 (yùsuǒ) (formal)
* 居室 (jūshì)
* 居所 (jūsuǒ)
* 屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
* 屋宇 (wūyǔ) (literary)
* 屋舍 (wūshè) (literary or Hakka)
* 房子 (fángzi)
* 房宇 (fángyǔ) (literary)
* 房屋 (fángwū)
* 房舍 (fángshè) (literary)
* 棟 / 栋 (dòng) (literary)
* (temple): 廟／庙 (miào)

#### See also

* 闕／阙 (què), 殿 (diàn), 宸 (chén)

### Compounds

* 一片宮商 / 一片宫商
* 一畝之宮 / 一亩之宫
* 下宮 / 下宫 (Xiàgōng)
* 三宮 / 三宫
* 三宮六院 / 三宫六院
* 上陽宮 / 上阳宫
* 中宮 / 中宫 (zhōnggōng)
* 九宮 / 九宫
* 九宮格 / 九宫格 (jiǔgōnggé)
* 九成宮 / 九成宫
* 乾清宮 / 干清宫 (Qiánqīng Gōng)
* 二進宮 / 二进宫 (èrjìngōng)
* 保宮 / 保宫
* 傾宮 / 倾宫
* 克里姆林宮 (Kèlǐmǔlín gōng)
* 兜率天宮 / 兜率天宫
* 兜率宮 / 兜率宫
* 入宮 / 入宫 (rùgōng)
* 八字宮眉 / 八字宫眉
* 公宮 / 公宫
* 六宮 / 六宫 (liùgōng)
* 冷宮 / 冷宫 (lěnggōng)
* 凡爾賽宮 / 凡尔赛宫 (Fán'ěrsài Gōng)
* 別宮祭江 / 别宫祭江
* 刮宮術 / 刮宫术
* 北宮 / 北宫 (Běigōng)
* 北宮黝 / 北宫黝
* 北平故宮 / 北平故宫
* 十二宮 / 十二宫 (shí'èrgōng)
* 卑宮 / 卑宫
* 卑宮菲食 / 卑宫菲食
* 南宮 / 南宫 (Nángōng)
* 吳宮教陣 / 吴宫教阵
* 命宮 / 命宫
* 咸陽宮 / 咸阳宫
* 地宮 / 地宫 (dìgōng)
* 坤宮 / 坤宫
* 坤寧宮 / 坤宁宫
* 大天后宮
* 大槐宮 / 大槐宫
* 天宮 / 天宫 (tiāngōng)
* 女宮 / 女宫
* 子宮 / 子宫 (zǐgōng)
* 子宮外孕 / 子宫外孕 (zǐgōng wàiyùn)
* 子宮環 / 子宫环 (zǐgōnghuán)
* 子宮頸 / 子宫颈 (zǐgōngjǐng)
* 子宮頸炎 / 子宫颈炎 (zǐgōngjǐngyán)
* 子宮頸癌 / 子宫颈癌 (zǐgōngjǐng'ái)
* 學宮 / 学宫
* 守宮 / 守宫 (shǒugōng)
* 守宮砂 / 守宫砂
* 宮中 / 宫中 (gōngzhōng)
* 宮中太監 / 宫中太监
* 宮人 / 宫人 (gōngrén)
* 宮保 / 宫保 (gōngbǎo)
* 宮保雞丁 / 宫保鸡丁 (Gōngbǎo jīdīng)
* 宮刑 / 宫刑 (gōngxíng)
* 宮古島 / 宫古岛 (Gōnggǔdǎo)
* 宮商 / 宫商
* 宮坊 / 宫坊
* 宮女 / 宫女 (gōngnǚ)
* 宮妝 / 宫妆
* 宮妾 / 宫妾
* 宮娃 / 宫娃
* 宮娥 / 宫娥
* 宮嬪 / 宫嫔 (gōngpín)
* 宮學 / 宫学
* 宮室 / 宫室 (gōngshì)
* 宮市 / 宫市
* 宮府 / 宫府 (gōngfǔ)
* 宮庭 / 宫庭 (gōngtíng)
* 宮廟 / 宫庙 (gōngmiào)
* 宮廷 / 宫廷 (gōngtíng)
* 宮戲 / 宫戏
* 宮扇 / 宫扇
* 宮掖 / 宫掖 (gōngyè)
* 宮教 / 宫教
* 宮本武藏 / 宫本武藏
* 宮東 / 宫东 (Gōngdōng)
* 宮樣 / 宫样 (gōngyàng)
* 宮殿 / 宫殿 (gōngdiàn)
* 宮漏 / 宫漏
* 宮燈 / 宫灯
* 宮燈花 / 宫灯花
* 宮爆 / 宫爆
* 宮爆雞丁 / 宫爆鸡丁 (Gōngbào jīdīng)
* 宮牆 / 宫墙
* 宮牆外望 / 宫墙外望
* 宮甲 / 宫甲
* 宮眉 / 宫眉
* 宮省 / 宫省
* 宮禁 / 宫禁 (gōngjìn)
* 宮腰 / 宫腰
* 宮花 / 宫花
* 宮苑 / 宫苑
* 宮西 / 宫西 (Gōngxī)
* 宮觀 / 宫观
* 宮詞 / 宫词 (gōngcí)
* 宮調 / 宫调
* 宮譜 / 宫谱
* 宮車晏駕 / 宫车晏驾
* 宮鄰金虎 / 宫邻金虎
* 宮銜 / 宫衔
* 宮門帶 / 宫门带
* 宮門鈔 / 宫门钞
* 宮閨 / 宫闺
* 宮闈 / 宫闱 (gōngwéi)
* 宮闕 / 宫阙 (gōngquè)
* 宮闥 / 宫闼
* 宮院 / 宫院 (gōngyuàn)
* 宮雉 / 宫雉
* 宮館 / 宫馆
* 宮體 / 宫体
* 宮魂 / 宫魂
* 宮鴉 / 宫鸦
* 寢宮 / 寝宫 (qǐngōng)
* 布達拉宮 / 布达拉宫 (Bùdálā Gōng)
* 帝宮 / 帝宫
* 幽宮 / 幽宫
* 廣寒宮 / 广寒宫 (Guǎnghángōng)
* 後宮 / 后宫 (hòugōng)
* 打入冷宮 / 打入冷宫
* 指南宮 / 指南宫
* 攢宮 / 攒宫
* 故宮 / 故宫 (gùgōng)
* 故宮禾黍 / 故宫禾黍
* 旋宮 / 旋宫
* 春宮 / 春宫 (chūngōng)
* 春宮圖 / 春宫图 (chūngōngtú)
* 景陽宮井 / 景阳宫井
* 會宮 / 会宫 (Huìgōng)
* 月宮 / 月宫 (yuègōng)
* 月宮娘娘 / 月宫娘娘
* 朝天宮 / 朝天宫
* 未央宮 / 未央宫 (Wèiyāng Gōng)
* 東宮 / 东宫 (dōnggōng)
* 桂宮 / 桂宫
* 桐宮 / 桐宫 (Tónggōng)
* 桂宮柏寢 / 桂宫柏寝
* 梓宮 / 梓宫
* 梵王宮 / 梵王宫
* 欑宮 / 𪴙宫
* 正宮 / 正宫 (zhènggōng)
* 水晶宮 / 水晶宫 (Shuǐjīnggōng)
* 永安宮 / 永安宫 (Yǒng'āngōng)
* 永樂宮 / 永乐宫
* 汾陽宮 / 汾阳宫
* 泥垣宮 / 泥垣宫
* 法宮 / 法宫
* 泮宮 / 泮宫
* 洞宮 / 洞宫
* 深宮 / 深宫 (shēngōng)
* 渚宮 / 渚宫
* 漢宮秋 / 汉宫秋
* 漢宮秋月 / 汉宫秋月
* 狄宮 / 狄宫
* 玄宮 / 玄宫
* 王宮 / 王宫 (wánggōng)
* 珠宮貝闕 / 珠宫贝阙
* 琳宮 / 琳宫
* 琳宮梵宇 / 琳宫梵宇
* 白宮 / 白宫 (Báigōng)
* 白宮學者 / 白宫学者
* 白羊宮 / 白羊宫 (báiyánggōng)
* 白金漢宮 / 白金汉宫 (Báijīnhàn Gōng)
* 皇宮 / 皇宫 (huánggōng)
* 禁宮 / 禁宫
* 移宮換羽 / 移宫换羽
* 紫宮 / 紫宫
* 羅浮宮 / 罗浮宫 (Luófúgōng)
* 自宮 / 自宫 (zìgōng)
* 華清宮 / 华清宫
* 菲食卑宮 / 菲食卑宫
* 蒿宮 / 蒿宫
* 蓬萊宮 / 蓬莱宫 (Pénglái Gōng)
* 蕊宮 / 蕊宫
* 蕊珠宮 / 蕊珠宫
* 蛟宮 / 蛟宫
* 蟾宮 / 蟾宫 (chángōng)
* 蟾宮客 / 蟾宫客
* 蟾宮折桂 / 蟾宫折桂 (chángōngzhéguì)
* 行宮 / 行宫 (xínggōng)
* 西宮 / 西宫 (Xīgōng)
* 西敏宮 / 西敏宫
* 諸宮調 / 诸宫调 (zhūgōngdiào)
* 變宮 / 变宫
* 貝闕珠宮 / 贝阙珠宫
* 車宮 / 车宫
* 迷宮 / 迷宫 (mígōng)
* 逼宮 / 逼宫 (bīgōng)
* 重華宮 / 重华宫
* 長信宮 / 长信宫
* 長樂宮 / 长乐宫 (Chánglègōng)
* 閟宮 / 𮤲宫
* 阿房宮 / 阿房宫
* 阿房宮賦 / 阿房宫赋
* 隱宮 / 隐宫
* 雍和宮 (Yōnghé Gōng)
* 離宮 / 离宫
* 青宮 / 青宫
* 頖宮 / 𬱙宫
* 館娃宮 / 馆娃宫
* 鬧天宮 / 闹天宫
* 魔宮 / 魔宫
* 鶴宮 / 鹤宫
* 黃宮 / 黄宫
* 黌宮 / 黉宫 (hónggōng)
* 龍宮 / 龙宫 (lónggōng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* a shrine; a palace

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ぐう (gū, Jōyō)
* Kun: みや (miya, 宮, Jōyō)
* Nanori: いえ (ie)、たか (taka)

#### Compounds

* 守宮(やもり) (yamori), 守(しゅ)宮(きゅう) (shukyū): gecko

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 宮
* みや Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
/mi$_1$ya/ → /miya/
From Old Japanese. A compound of 神 or 御 (mi, “spiritual honorific”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みや [mìyá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲija̠]

#### Noun

宮(みや) • (miya)
* (Shinto) the place where a god resides: a shrine
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 413:
    Miya. ミヤ (宮) 神 (Camis)の社.
* (Buddhism) a temple holding a Buddhist statue
* the place where a ruler resides: a palace
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 413:
    Miya. ミヤ (宮) 国王の子. また, 国王の宮殿
* a member of the imperial family
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 413:
    Miya. ミヤ (宮) 国王の子. また, 国王の宮殿

#### Proper noun

宮(みや) • (Miya)
* a surname
* an old name for a region in the Atsuta area of Nagoya, Aichi prefecture, where the Atsuta Shrine is located

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 宮
* きゅう Grade: 3
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 宮 (MC kjuwng, “dwelling; palace; note on a scale”). Compare literary reading of Hokkien 宮 / 宫 (kiong).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きゅう [kyúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲɨː]

#### Noun

宮(きゅう) • (kyū)
* a palace
* (traditional music of China and Japan) the keynote or tonic of a musical scale, such as do in the do re mi scale notation of solfège
* Short for 宮刑: literally “palace punishment”, this consisted of castration for men and sequestration in the palace for women
* (astronomy, astrology) a zodiac sign or house, defined as one-twelfth of the circle of the ecliptic
    黄(おう)道(どう)十(じゅう)二(に)宮(きゅう)、宝(ほう)瓶(へい)宮(きゅう)
       ōdō jūni kyū, hōhei kyū
       the twelve signs of the zodiac, the house of Aquarius

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宮 (MC kjuwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 그ᇰ (kung) (Yale: kung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 宮 (eumhun 집 궁 (jip gung)) 宮 (eumhun 대궐 궁 (daegwol gung))
* hanja form of 궁 (“house”)
* hanja form of 궁 (“palace”)

#### Compounds

* 궁녀 (宮女, gungnyeo, “court lady, lady-in-waiting”)
* 궁전 (宮殿, gungjeon, “royal palace”)
* 궁합 (宮合, gunghap, “marital harmony”)
* 궁형 (宮刑, gunghyeong, “castration as punishment”)
* 미궁 (迷宮, migung, “maze, labyrinth”)
* 상궁 (尙宮, sanggung, “court lady”)
* 자궁 (子宮, jagung, “womb”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

宮: Hán Nôm readings: cung
* palace