# establir
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin stabilīre. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir, Italian stabilire, and archaic Spanish establir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əs.təˈβli]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əs.təˈbli]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.taˈbliɾ]

### Verb

establir (first-person singular present estableixo, first-person singular preterite establí, past participle establert or establit)
* to establish
* to ascertain

#### Synonyms

* basar
* fonamentar

#### Derived terms

* establiment
* restablir

### Further reading

* “establir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “establir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “establir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “establir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan establir, from Latin stabilīre.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Verb

establir
* to establish

#### Conjugation

| | | simple | simple | simple | compound | compound | compound |
| infinitive | infinitive | establir | establir | establir | ?er establit | ?er establit | ?er establit |
| past participle | past participle | establit | establit | establit | — | — | — |
| gerund | gerund | establissent | establissent | establissent | ?ent establit | ?ent establit | ?ent establit |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles |
| indicative | present | establissi | establisses | establís | establissèm | establissètz | establisson |
| indicative | imperfect | establissiái | establissiás | establissiá | establissiam | establissiatz | establissián |
| indicative | preterite | establiguèri | establiguères | establiguèt | establiguèrem | establiguèretz | establiguèron |
| indicative | future | establirai | establiràs | establirà | establirem | establiretz | establiràn |
| indicative | conditional | establiriái | establiriás | establiriá | establiriam | establiriatz | establirián |
| indicative | conditional 2nd form$^1$ | establiguèra | establiguèras | establiguèra | establigueram | establigueratz | establiguèran |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | past anterior | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | future perfect | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| subjunctive | | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles |
| subjunctive | present | establisca | establiscas | establisca | establiscam | establiscatz | establiscan |
| subjunctive | imperfect | establiguèsse | establiguèsses | establiguèsse | establiguèssem | establiguèssetz | establiguèsson |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle |
| imperative | imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — |
| imperative | imperative | | establís | | establiscam | establissetz | $^1$Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects |

#### Derived terms

* establiment

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin stabilīre. Cognates include Italian stabilire.

### Verb

establir
* to establish
** c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:Apres les dous establisent la terceAfter the first two, they established a third

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

#### Descendants

* French: établir
* Norman: êtablyi
* → Middle English: establen
** Scots: estabill
* → Middle English: stablen, stable, stabli, stabelen, stabile, stabilen, stabil, stabille, stabul, stabulle (e- elided)
** English: stable
** Scots: stabil, stabill, stable
* → Middle English: establissen, establishen (via stem form establiss-)
** English: establish
*** → Scots: estaiblish
** Scots: establis, establish
* → Middle English: stablishen (via stem form establiss-, e- elided)
** English: stablish
** Scots: stablis, stablish

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin stabilīre. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir and Italian stabilire.

### Verb

establir (first-person singular present establo, first-person singular preterite establí, past participle establido)
* (archaic) to establish

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “establir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10