# 크다
## Korean
### Etymology

First attested as Late Old Korean 黑根 (*huku-n) in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, reflecting the realis gerundive form with Old Korean 隱 (*-n). Hence, the Old Korean verbal stem would have been *huku-. Beyond Old Korean, also connected to Baekje 鞬 (*ke-n).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kxɯda̠]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [크다]

### Adjective

크다 • (keuda) (infinitive 커, sequential 크니)
* to be big, large (both physical and figurative)
    Antonym: 작다 (jakda)
    큰 문제 ― keun munje ― big problem
    키가 크다 ― kiga keuda ― He is tall (literally, “His height is large”)
* to be great
    Synonyms: 훌륭하다 (hullyunghada), 위대하다 (widaehada)
    큰 사람 ― keun saram ― a great person
* (of a specific sound) to be loud
    Synonym: 시끄럽다 (sikkeureopda)
    Antonym: 작다 (jakda)

#### Conjugation
### Verb

크다 • (keuda) (infinitive 커, sequential 크니) (intransitive)
* to grow; to get bigger
    Synonym: 자라다 (jarada)
* (of a child) to grow up, to become an adult
    Synonyms: 자라다 (jarada), 어른이 되다 (eoreun-i doeda)

#### Conjugation
### See also

* 大 (dae), the hanja for largeness
* 太 (tae), another hanja for largeness

## Middle Korean
### Etymology

From Old Korean *hùkú-; see the modern Korean 크다 (keuda) entry for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɨ́.tá/, [kʰɨ́.dá]

### Verb

크〮다〮 (khútá) (infinitive 커〮, sequential 크〮니〮) (intransitive)
* to grow, to get bigger; to be big
    Synonym: 하다〮 (hàtá)
    Antonym: 쟉〯다〮 (cyǎktá)
* to become great; to be great

#### Usage notes

Typically used adjectivally in the past tense, i.e. "which has gotten bigger" > "which is big".

#### Conjugation

Selected conjugations of 크〮다〮 (khútá), Accentual class H :
| Note that the majority of the forms below are unattested for any one verb. Orthography and pitch accent assignment can vary between sources. ||||||
| Selected plain sentence-final forms ||||||
| | Declarative | Interrogative | Interrogative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative |
| | Declarative | Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | Modulated declarative |
| Past | 크〮다〮 (khútá) 크〮니라〮 (khúnìlá) | 큰〮가〮 (khúnká) 크〮녀〮 (khúnyé) | 큰〮고〮 (khúnkwó) 크〮뇨〮 (khúnyó) | 큰〮다〮 (khúntá) | 쿠〮라〮 (khwúlá) |
| Present | 크〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (khúnòtá) 크〮ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (khúnónìlá) | 크〮ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (khúnònká) 크〮ᄂᆞ녀〮 (khúnònyé) | 크〮ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (khúnònkwó) 크〮ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (khúnònyó) | 크〮ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (khúnòntá) | 크〮노라〮 (khúnwòlá) |
| Conjectural | 크〮리라〮 (khúlìlá) | 크ᇙ〮가〮 (khúlqká) 크〮려〮 (khúlyé) | 크ᇙ〮고〮 (khúlqkwó) 크〮료〮 (khúlyó) | 크ᇙ〮다〮 (khúlqtá) | 쿠〮리라〮 (khwúlìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective | 크〮더라〮 (khútèlá) 크〮더〮니라〮 (khúténìlá) | 크〮던가〮 (khútènká) 크〮더녀〮 (khútènyé) | 크〮던고〮 (khútènkwó) 크〮더뇨〮 (khútènyó) | 크〮던다〮 (khútèntá) | 크〮다라〮 (khútàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | Exclamatory/Emotive |
| 쿠〮마〮 (khwúmá, promissive) 크〮져〮 (khúcyé, hortative) | 쿠〮마〮 (khwúmá, promissive) 크〮져〮 (khúcyé, hortative) | 크〮라〮 (khúlá, order) 크〮고라〮 (khúkwòlá, request) | 크〮라〮 (khúlá, order) 크〮고라〮 (khúkwòlá, request) | 큰〮뎌〮 (khúntyé), 클〮쎠〮 (khúlssyé) 크〮도다〮 (khútwòtá), 크〮돗다〮 (khútwòstá) 케〮라〮 (khéylá) | 큰〮뎌〮 (khúntyé), 클〮쎠〮 (khúlssyé) 크〮도다〮 (khútwòtá), 크〮돗다〮 (khútwòstá) 케〮라〮 (khéylá) |
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms ||||||
| Past | 크〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúngìtá) 크〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúníngìtá) | 크〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (khúníngìská) | 크〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (khúníngìskwó) | no separate forms | 쿠〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khwúngìtá) |
| Present | 크〮ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúnóngìtá) 크〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúnòníngìtá) | 크〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (khúnòníngìská) | 크〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (khúnòníngìskwó) | no separate forms | 크〮노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúnwóngìtá) |
| Conjectural | 크〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúlíngìtá) | 크〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (khúlíngìská) | 크〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (khúlíngìskwó) | no separate forms | 쿠〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khwúlíngìtá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | Exclamatory/Emotive |
| 쿠〮마〮 (khwúmá, promissive) 크〮사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsángìtá, hortative) | 쿠〮마〮 (khwúmá, promissive) 크〮사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsángìtá, hortative) | 크〮쇼셔〮 (khúsyòsyé, order) | 크〮쇼셔〮 (khúsyòsyé, order) | 크〮도다〮 (khútwòtá), 크〮돗다〮 (khútwòstá) 케〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khéyngìtá) | 크〮도다〮 (khútwòtá), 크〮돗다〮 (khútwòstá) 케〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khéyngìtá) |
| Selected honorific declarative forms ||||||
| | Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective | -거- (-ke-) form |
| Plain subject-honoring | 크〮시다〮 (khúsìtá) 크〮시〮니라〮 (khúsínìlá) | 크〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (khúsínòtá) 크〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (khúsìnónìlá) | 크〮시〮리라〮 (khúsílìlá) | 크〮더〮시다〮 (khútésìtá) 크〮더시〮니라〮 (khútèsínìlá) | 크〮거〮시다〮 (khúkésìtá) 크〮거시〮니라〮 (khúkèsínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | 크〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsíngìtá) 크〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsìníngìtá) | 크〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsìnóngìtá) 크〮시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsínòníngìtá) | 크〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúsílíngìtá) | 크〮더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khútèsíngìtá) 크〮더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khútésìníngìtá) | 크〮거시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúkèsíngìtá) 크〮거〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (khúkésìníngìtá) |
| Selected connective forms ||||||
| Connective | Causative | Conditional/situating | Contrastive/concessive | Purposive/desiderative | Infinitive |
| 크〮고〮 (khúkwó) 크〮며〮 (khúmyé) 크〮다가〮 (khútàká) | 크〮니〮 (khúní) 크〮거ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (khúkènól) 클〮ᄊᆡ〮 (khúlssóy, only in declarative) 크〮관ᄃᆡ〮 (khúkwàntóy, only in interrogative) | 크〮면〮 (khúmyén) 크〮거든〮 (khúkètún) 큰〮대〮 (khúntáy) 크〮건댄〮 (khúkèntáyn) | 크〮나〮 (khúná) 쿠〮ᄃᆡ〮 (khwútóy) 큰〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (khúntól) 크〮건〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (khúkénmàlón) | 쿠〮려〮 (khwúlyé) 크〮고져〮 (khúkwòcyé, desires own action) 크〮과뎌〮 (khúkwàtyé, desires other's action) | 커〮 (khé) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms ||||||
| | Past | Present | Present | Conjectural | Conjectural |
| Unmodulated non-honorific | 큰〮 (khún) | 크〮ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (khúnón) | 크〮ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (khúnón) | 크ᇙ〮 (khúlq) | 크ᇙ〮 (khúlq) |
| Modulated non-honorific | 쿤〮 (khwún) | 크〮논〮 (khúnwón) | 크〮논〮 (khúnwón) | 쿠ᇙ〮 (khwúlq) | 쿠ᇙ〮 (khwúlq) |
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | 크〮신〮 (khúsín) | 크〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (khúsìnón) | 크〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (khúsìnón) | 크〮시ᇙ〮 (khúsílq) | 크〮시ᇙ〮 (khúsílq) |
| Substantive forms ||||||
| Plain | Plain | Plain | Subject-honoring | Subject-honoring | Subject-honoring |
| 쿰〮 (khwúm) | 쿰〮 (khwúm) | 쿰〮 (khwúm) | 크〮샴〮 (khúsyám) | 크〮샴〮 (khúsyám) | 크〮샴〮 (khúsyám) |

#### Descendants

* Korean: 크다 (keuda)