# جلد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From Proto-Semitic *gild-. Compare Aramaic 𐡂𐡋𐡃𐡀 (gldʾ), Classical Syriac ܓܠܕܐ (geldā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גלדא (geldā), Hebrew גֶּלֶד (géleḏ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒild/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

جِلْد • (jild) m (plural أَجْلَاد (ʔajlād) or جُلُود (julūd))
* skin, hide
* leather, hide as a material
* volume of a book or journal

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: جلد (gild)
* Gulf Arabic: جلد (jild)
* Maltese: ġilda, ġild
* → Azerbaijani: cild
* → Kurdish:
** Central Kurdish: جلد (cild)
** Northern Kurdish: cild
* → Malay: jilid
** → Indonesian: jilid
* → Ottoman Turkish: جلد (cild, cilt)
** Turkish: cilt
** → Crimean Tatar: cılt
* → Persian: جلد (jeld)
** Hindustani:
    → Hindi: जिल्द (jild)
    → Urdu: جلد (jild)
** → Maithili: जिल्द (jild)
** Punjabi:
*** → Punjabi: ਜਿਲਦ (jild)
*** → Western Panjabi: جلد (jild)
** → Tajik: ҷилд (jild)
** → Turkmen: jilt
** → Uzbek: jild
* → Swahili: jalada

### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

جَلَدَ • (jalada) I (non-past يَجْلِدُ (yajlidu), verbal noun جَلْد (jald))
* to hit (someone) on the skin, to lash, to whip, to flog
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:2:ٱَلزَّانِيَةُ وَٱلزَّانِي فَٱجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِئَةَ جَلْدَةٍʔaz-zāniyatu wa-z-zānī fa-jlidū kulla wāḥidin minhumā miʔata jaldatinThe [unmarried] woman or [unmarried] man found guilty of sexual intercourse - lash each one of them with a hundred lashes [...]

##### Hyponyms

* سَاطَ (sāṭa)

### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

جَلُدَ • (jaluda) I (non-past يَجْلُدُ (yajludu), verbal noun جَلَد (jalad) or جَلَادَة (jalāda) or جُلُود (julūd))
* to be tough, to be hardy; to be steadfast

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Verb

جَلَّدَ • (jallada) II (non-past يُجَلِّدُ (yujallidu), verbal noun تَجْلِيد (tajlīd))
* to bind (a book)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.5
#### Noun

جَلْد • (jald) m
* verbal noun of جَلَدَ (jalada, “to whip, to flog”) (form I)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.6
#### Noun

جَلَد • (jalad) m
* verbal noun of جَلُدَ (jaluda, “to be tough, to be steadfast”) (form I)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.1
#### Verb

جَلِدَ • (jalida) I (non-past يَجْلَدُ (yajladu), verbal noun جَلَد (jalad))
* (intransitive) to be frozen, to freeze

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Verb

جَلَّدَ • (jallada) II (non-past يُجَلِّدُ (yujallidu), verbal noun تَجْلِيد (tajlīd))
* (transitive) to freeze

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.3
#### Noun

جَلَد • (jalad) m
* verbal noun of جَلِدَ (jalida, “to be frozen; to freeze”) (form I)

##### Conjugation
## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic جِلْد (jild).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡild/, [ɡeld]

#### Noun

جلد • (gild) m (plural جلود (gilūd))
* (anatomy) skin
** 1994, w:Yusuf al-Qa'id, chapter 2, in لبن العصفور‎:كان جلد على عضم.He was all skin and bone.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic جَلَدَ (jalada).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.lad/

#### Verb

جَلَد • (galad) I (non-past يِجْلِد (yiglid), verbal noun جَلْد (gald), active participle جالِد (gālid), passive participle مَجْلود (maglūd))
* to whip, to flog

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

### Etymology 3

From Arabic جَلْد (jald).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡald/

#### Noun

جلد • (gald) m
* verbal noun of جلد (galad)

### Etymology 4

From Arabic جَلَّدَ (jallada).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡal.lid/

#### Verb

جَلَّد • (gallid) II (non-past يِجَلِّد (yigallid), verbal noun تَجْليد (taglīd), active participle مجلّد (migallid), passive participle مجلّد (migallid))
* to bind (books)

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

### References

* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) “جلد”, in A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 165

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic جَلَدَ (jalada).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.lad/

#### Verb

جَلَد • (jalad) I (non-past يِجْلِد (yijlid))
* to hit (someone) on the skin, to lash, to whip, to flog

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic جِلْد (jild).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒild/, [d͡ʒɪld], [ʒɪld]

#### Noun

جلد • (jild) m
* skin
    Synonym: بَشَرَة (bašara, “complexion”)
* hide (skin of an animal)
* leather

### Etymology 3

From Arabic جَلَّدَ (jallada).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒal.lad/

#### Verb

جَلَّد • (jallad) II (non-past يِجَلِّد (yijallid))
* to bind (books)

##### Conjugation
## Persian
### Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (compare Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos)). Akin to Persian یل (yal, “hero, warrior”).

#### Adjective

جلد • (jald)
* nimble, agile, fast
    جلدی بیا! ― jaldi biyâ! ― come fast!

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: cəld
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: जल्द (jald)
    Urdu: جلد (jald)
* → Bengali: জলদ (jolod)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic جِلْد (jild, “skin, hide”).

#### Noun

جلد • (jeld) (plural جلدها (jeld-hâ))
* binding (of a book)
* volume (of a book)
* (archaic) hide (skin of an animal)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جِلْد (jild).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒild/, [ʒɪld]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جلد • (jild) m (plural جلود (jlūd))
* skin
* leather

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جلد (jald).

#### Adjective

جلد • (jald) (Hindi spelling जल्द)
* soon
* quick, swift, expeditious, brisk, hasty
    Synonym: تیز (tez)

##### Related terms

* جلد باز (jald-bāz, “a hasty, rash or impetuous person”)
* جلد بازی (jald-bāzī, “haste, rashness”)
* جلدی (jaldī, “quickness”)
* جلد از جلد (jald-az-jald, “as fast as possible”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian جلد (jild), from Arabic جِلْد (jild).

#### Noun

جلد • (jild) f (Hindi spelling जिल्द)
* skin, hide, leather, dermis
* binding (of a book), cover
* volume or copy (of a book or magazine)