# 錯誤
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cuòwù
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): co$^3$ ng$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chho-ngu
    (Hailu, HRS): co$^ˇ$ ngu$^˖$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corh$^6$ gou$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhò-gō͘ / chhò-ngō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): co$^3$ ghou$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshu-ngu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuòwù → cuòwu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄨˋ → ㄘㄨㄛˋ ˙ㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuòwů
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻo$^4$-wu$^5$
*** Yale: tswò-wu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuoh.wuh
*** Palladius: цо’у (co’u)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/ → /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ u¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: co$^3$ ng$^6$
*** Yale: cho ngh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tso$^3$ ng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: co$^3$ ng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔː³³ ŋ̍²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho-ngu
*** Hakka Romanization System: co ngu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^4$ ngu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵ ŋu⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^ˇ$ ngu$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo¹¹ ŋu³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: corh$^6$ gou$^5$ [Phonetic: corh$^4$ gou$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cho̤h-gō
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒʔ¹⁻⁴² kɔu²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: corh$^6$ gou$^5$ [Phonetic: corh$^7$ gou$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒʔ²⁻²⁴ kɔu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhò-gō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tshò-gōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoirgo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo²¹⁻⁵³ ɡɔ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡɔ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡɔ³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sʰo¹²⁻⁵³ ɡɔ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhò-ngō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tshò-ngōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoirngo
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ ŋɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ ŋɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰo²¹⁻⁵³ ŋɔ̃²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: co$^3$ ghou$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshò gōu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɡou¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshu-ngu
*** MiniDict: tshu$^平$ ngu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshu-ngu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰu⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

### Noun

錯誤
* mistake; error
    低級錯誤／低级错误 ― dījí cuòwù ― rookie mistake
    改正錯誤／改正错误 ― gǎizhèng cuòwù ― to correct a mistake
       wèi zìjǐ de cuòwù biànjiě [Pinyin]
       to be on the defensive about one’s mistakes
       Wǎngluò cuòwù, qǐng shāohòu chóngshì. [Pinyin]
       Network error. Please try again later.

#### Synonyms

* 不好
* 不是
* 不韙 / 不韪 (bùwěi) (literary)
* 偏差 (piānchā)
* 問題 / 问题 (wèntí)
* 失誤 / 失误 (shīwù)
* 差失 (chāshī)
* 差池
* 差舛 (chāchuǎn) (literary)
* 差誤 / 差误 (chāwù)
* 差謬 / 差谬 (chāmiù) (literary)
* 差錯 / 差错 (chācuò)
* 疏失 (shūshī) (careless mistake)
* 紕繆 / 纰缪 (pīmiù) (literary)
* 訛 / 讹 (é) (literary, or in compounds)
* 誤差 / 误差 (wùchā) (especially in data)
* 誤謬 / 误谬 (wùmiù) (fallacy)
* 謬誤 / 谬误 (miùwù) (fallacy)
* 責任 / 责任 (zérèn)
* 過失 / 过失 (guòshī)
* 過錯 / 过错 (guòcuò)
* 錯 / 错

#### Related terms

* 錯漏／错漏 (cuòlòu)
* 疏漏 (shūlòu)

### Adjective

錯誤
* erroneous; problematic; false; wrong
    錯誤信息／错误信息 ― cuòwù xìnxī ― false information
       Mìmǎ cuòwù, qǐng chóngshì. [Pinyin]
       Wrong password. Please try again.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 過誤, 誤, 謬, 謬誤, 訛 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 錯, 不對, 錯誤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 錯, 左 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 錯, 不對 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 錯, 不對 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 錯, 不對 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 錯, 差 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 錯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 錯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 錯, 拐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 錯, 左 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 錯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 差 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 錯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 錯, 唔啱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 錯, 唔啱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 唔啱 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 錯, 唔啱 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 錯 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔啱, 錯 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔啱, 錯 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 錯 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 錯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 差, 唔啱 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 錯 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 錯 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 錯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 錯 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 錯 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唔著 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唔著 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唔著 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唔著 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唔著 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唔著 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 錯, 不對, 差 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 錯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 賺 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 賺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 賺, 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 賺, 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 賺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 賺, 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | salah, 毋著, 賺 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | salah, 毋著 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋著, 賺 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 賺 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 賺, 唔對, 唔著 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 賺 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | salah, 唔著, 賺 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 無著 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 無著 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 錯 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無著 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 錯, 唔啱 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 錯 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 錯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 錯, 賺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 賺 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 賺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 錯, 左 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 造, 錯 |

#### Antonyms

* 準確／准确 (zhǔnquè)

### Derived terms

* 合理錯誤 / 合理错误 (hélǐ cuòwù)
* 嘗試錯誤 / 尝试错误 (chángshì cuòwù)
* 犯錯誤 / 犯错误 (fàn cuòwù)
* 錯誤逮捕 / 错误逮捕 (cuòwù dàibǔ)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 錯(さく)誤(ご) (sakugo)
* → Korean: 착오(錯誤) (chago)

### Further reading

* “錯誤”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 錯 | 誤 |
| さく Grade: S | ご Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さくご [sáꜜkùgò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠kɯ̟ɡo̞]

### Noun

錯(さく)誤(ご) • (sakugo)
* an error, a mistake
* the misunderstood

#### Derived terms

* 試(し)行(こう)錯(さく)誤(ご) (shikō sakugo): trial and error, mistake-learning
* 時(じ)代(だい)錯(さく)誤(ご) (jidai sakugo): anachronism

### Verb

錯(さく)誤(ご)する • (sakugo suru) transitive suru (stem 錯(さく)誤(ご)し (sakugo shi), past 錯(さく)誤(ご)した (sakugo shita))
* to misunderstand
* to make a mistake, to make an error

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 錯誤し | さくごし | sakugo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 錯誤し | さくごし | sakugo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 錯誤する | さくごする | sakugo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 錯誤する | さくごする | sakugo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 錯誤すれ | さくごすれ | sakugo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 錯誤せよ¹ 錯誤しろ² | さくごせよ¹ さくごしろ² | sakugo seyo¹ sakugo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 錯誤される | さくごされる | sakugo sareru |
| Causative | 錯誤させる 錯誤さす | さくごさせる さくごさす | sakugo saseru sakugo sasu |
| Potential | 錯誤できる | さくごできる | sakugo dekiru |
| Volitional | 錯誤しよう | さくごしよう | sakugo shiyō |
| Negative | 錯誤しない | さくごしない | sakugo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 錯誤せず | さくごせず | sakugo sezu |
| Formal | 錯誤します | さくごします | sakugo shimasu |
| Perfective | 錯誤した | さくごした | sakugo shita |
| Conjunctive | 錯誤して | さくごして | sakugo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 錯誤すれば | さくごすれば | sakugo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 錯 | 誤 |

### Noun

錯誤 • (chago) (hangeul 착오)
* hanja form of 착오