# 想念
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎngniàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^2$ nim$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sióng-ngiam
    (Hailu, HRS): siong$^ˊ$ ngiam$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): suōng-niêng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siūⁿ-liām / siǔⁿ-liām / siōⁿ-liām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sion$^6$ niam$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shian-gni$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎngniàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎngniàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^3$-nien$^4$
*** Yale: syǎng-nyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheangniann
*** Palladius: сяннянь (sjannjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^2$ nim$^6$
*** Yale: séung nihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^2$ nim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^2$ nim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ³⁵ niːm²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sióng-ngiam
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiong$^ˋ$ ngiam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiong$^3$ ngiam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ³¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siong$^ˊ$ ngiam$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /sioŋ²⁴⁻³³ ŋiam³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: suōng-niêng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ nˡiɛŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siūⁿ-liām
*** Tâi-lô: siūnn-liām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sviuxliam
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siũ³³⁻²¹ liam³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siũ³³⁻¹¹ liam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siũ²²⁻²¹ liam²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǔⁿ-liām
*** Tâi-lô: siǔnn-liām
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siũ²² liam⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōⁿ-liām
*** Tâi-lô: siōnn-liām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svioixliam
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ liam²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sion$^6$ niam$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siŏⁿ niăm
*** Sinological IPA : /sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ niam³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shian-gni$_6$
*** MiniDict: shian$^去$ nyi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xian-nyi$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiã³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

### Verb

想念
* to miss; to think of; to yearn for; to reminisce

#### Synonyms

* 念想 (niànxiǎng)
* 思 (literary, or in compounds)
* 思念 (sīniàn)
* 思慕 (sīmù)
* 思量 (sīliáng) (literary)
* 感想 (gǎnxiǎng) (literary)
* 憶著 / 忆着 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 懷 / 怀 (huái) (literary)
* 懷念 / 怀念 (huáiniàn)
* 懷想 / 怀想 (huáixiǎng)
* 相思 (xiāngsī)
* 眷念 (juànniàn) (formal)
* 眷戀 / 眷恋 (juànliàn) (formal)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 想念, 思念, 掛念, 惦念, 懷念 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 想念, 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 想念, 想 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掛住, 掛望 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掛住 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 掛住 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 數念, 心念 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 數念, 心念 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 數念, 心念 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 想, 數念, 思念 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 思念 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 想念 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算, 干掛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 算, 念, 干掛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 干掛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 干掛 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 算, 干掛 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 算, 干掛 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 算, 干掛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 想, 牽記, 想念 somewhat literary |
| Wu | Suzhou | 牽記 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 忖 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 想, 忖 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 想 | 念 |
| そう Grade: 3 | ねん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーねん [sóꜜònèǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) そーねん [sòónéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːnẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

想(そう)念(ねん) • (sōnen)
* idea, thought

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 想 | 念 |

### Noun

想念 • (sangnyeom) (hangeul 상념)
* hanja form of 상념 (“idea, thought”)