OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܫܘܢܝܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From Akkadian 𒋗𒉡𒌋 (/⁠šunû⁠/).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃuːnɑjɑ], [ʃunjɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃuːnɑje], [ʃunje] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܘܢܝܐ • (šūnāyā) m (plural ܫܘܢܝܐ (šūnāyē))
* chaste tree

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܫ ܢ ܐ related to displacing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃunnɑjɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃunnɑje] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܘܢܝܐ • (šunnāyā) m (plural ܫܘܢܝܐ (šunnāyē))
* change, transfer, transition, vicissitude
* leaving, parting
* moving, departure, migration
* removal
* death
* assumption
* defection
* suppression
* translation
* (grammar) transitivity

##### Inflection
### References

* “šwny$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “šwny$^3$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 374b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 566b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1530a–b
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 491–494
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 375–376
* Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 53
# ܫܘܡܪܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃummɑrɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃummɑre] (plural)

### Etymology 1

Considered a loan from Akkadian 𒌑𒄩 (šimru, simru, “fennel”), compare Arabic شَمَر (šamar) and Hebrew שֻׁמָּר (šummār).

#### Alternative forms

* ܫܡܪܐ (šammārā)

#### Noun

ܫܘܡܪܐ • (šummārā) m (plural ܫܘܡܪܐ (šummārē))
* anise; fennel

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܫ ܡ ܪ related to dismissing.

#### Noun

ܫܘܡܪܐ • (šummārā) m (plural ܫܘܡܪܐ (šummārē))
* dismissal, discharge
* emptying, pouring out
* (archery) loosing
* (ecclesiastical) reservation, inhibition

##### Inflection
### References

* “šwmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “šwmr$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 373b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 566a–b, 585b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1530a, 1575b–1576a
# ܫܘܡܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܫ ܘ ܡ related to being wounded. Compare Arabic شَامة (šāma) and Hebrew שׁוּמָה (šûmâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃumtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃumɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܫܘܡܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܫܘܡܬܐ)
* wound, bruise, swelling
* sore, ulcer
* spot (from scurvy or plague)
* scab, scar
* (in the plural) stubble, whiskers
* (in the plural, Christianity) Eucharist crumbs

#### Inflection
### References

* “šwmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 362b–363a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 566b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1530a
# ܫܘܥܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃoʕɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ʃoʕe] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܫܘܥܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܫܘܥܐ)
* rock, stone, boulder

#### Derived terms

* ܫܘܥ
* ܫܘܥܢܝܐ
* ܫܘܥܢܝܘܬܐ

#### See also

* ܐܒܢܐ
* ܟܐܦܐ

### References

* “šwˁ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 363a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 567a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1531a

## Turoyo
### Etymology

From Aramaic ܫܒܥܐ (šabʿā), from Proto-Semitic *šabʿatum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃawʕo/

### Numeral

ܫܰܘܥܐ • (šawco) m (feminine ܫܘܰܥ (šwac))
* seven
# ܫܘܦܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic שַׁופָּא (šawpā, “friction; polish, filling”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃɑw.pɑː]

### Noun

ܫܲܘܦܵܐ • (šawpā) m sg (plural ܫܲܘܦܹ̈ܐ (šawpē) or ܫܲܘܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ (šawpānē) or ܫܲܘܦܵܦܹ̈ܐ (šawpāpē))
* the concept of what results from something having made contact with another thing, loosely defined as a trace, mark, touch, or residue, even when not noticeable, traceable, or imprinted.
    ܗ̇ܘ ܟܵܣܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܹܗ ܫܵܘܦܹܗ، ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܫܵܬܹܝܢ ܡܸܢܹܗawa kāsā īṯ lēh šāwpēh, lā kē šātēn minnēhThat glass has his touch, I won’t drink from it.
    ܗܵܢܵܐ ܡܵܐܢܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܒܹܗ ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܥܹ̈ܐ ܟܲܕ݂ ܛܵܒ݂ ܩܸܡ ܡܚܲܠܠܲܬܝ ܠܹܗhānā mānā īṯ bēh šāwpā d-bēˁē kaḏ ṭāḇ qim mḥallat lēhThis plate has the trace of eggs even though you washed it.
* site, place, spot (the location of an object, person, event, or similar)
    Synonym: ܕܘܼܟܬ݂ܵܐ (dukṯā)
    ܡܲܕܥܸܪ ܠܹܗ ܒܫܵܘܦܹܗ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐmadˁir lēh b-šāwpēh ādīyāPut it back now!(literally, “Return it in its place now!”)
    ܬܲܪܒܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܦܘܼܠܚܵܢܵܐ ܘܡܲܕ݂ܪܲܫܬܵܐ.tarbīṯā gāw šāwpā d-pulḥānā w-maḏraštā.Education in the workplace and schools.
    ܣܘܼܚܒܸܪ ܠܹܗ ܫܵܘܦܹ̈ܐ ܐܲܪ̈ܟܝܘܿܠܘܿܓ݂ܝܼܵܝܹܐ.suḥbir lēh šāwpē arkyōlōḡīyāyē.He visited the archeological sites.
* Ellipsis of ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܐܸܠܝܼܩܲܛܪܘܿܢܵܝܵܐ (šāwpā ilīqaṭrōnāyā). website, Internet site.
    ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܦܪܵܣܢܵܘܠܵܐ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ― šāwpā d-prāsnāwlā qammāyā ― the first Internet site
    ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܪܘܼܫܡܵܝܵܐ ― šāwpā rušmāyā ― the official site
* Ellipsis of ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܥܲܩܠܵܐ (šāwpā d-ˁaqlā). footprint
    Synonym: ܕܘܼܪܟܬ݂ܵܐ (durkṯā)

#### Derived terms

* ܫܘܿܦ (šōp, “instead of”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܫ ܘ ܦ related to smearing. Compare Old Armenian շփեմ (špʻem), an Aramaic borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃawpɑ], [ʃofɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃawpe], [ʃofe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܘܦܐ • (šawpā) m (plural ܫܘܦܐ)
* friction, attrition, chafing, scratching, rubbing
* (medicine) inflammation of the skin caused by riding or walking
* polish, polishing, dyeing, embellishing
* stain
* filing, metal scrap
* pounding
* brooding, incubation
* (dialectal) staff

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃofɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃofe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܘܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܫܘܦܐ)
* Alternative form of ܐܫܘܦܐ

##### Inflection
### References

* “šwp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 363b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 567a–b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1533a
# ܫܘܦܪܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܫ ܦ ܪ related to beauty.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃufrɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃufre] (plural)

### Noun

ܫܘܦܪܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܫܘܦܪܐ)
* beauty
* fairness, grace, elegance
* glory
* favor/favour, good deed, virtue
* best part
* dawn

#### Inflection
### References

* “špr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 378b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 567b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1533b–1534a
# ܫܠܡ ܠܟܝ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ ܡܪܝܡ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

ܫܠܡ (š(ə)lām, “peace”) + ܠܟܝ (lēḵ, “to/for you”) + ܒܬܘܠܬܐ (b(ə)ṯūltā, “virgin”) + ܡܪܝܡ (Maryam, “Mary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃ(ə)lɑm lex b(ə)θultɑ marjam]

### Phrase

ܫܠܡ ܠܟܝ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ ܡܪܝܡ • (š(ə)lām lēḵ b(ə)ṯūltā(ʾ) Maryam)
* Ave Maria, Hail Mary
# ܫܡܥܘܢ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (Šimʿôn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃɛmʕon]

### Proper noun

ܫܡܥܘܢ • (šemʿōn) m
* Simeon, Simon (Biblical figure)
* a male given name

### References

* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 419b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 585a
# ܫܪܪܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃ(ə)rɑrɑ]

### Noun

ܫܪܪܐ • (transliteration needed) m(uncountable)
* firmness, solidity
* truth, verity, fact
* faith, faithfulness, confidence
* betrothal, engagement, marriage

#### See also

* ܫܪܝܪܘܬܐ

### References

* “šrr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 381a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1613a
# ܬܐܢܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *tiʔin-.

#### Alternative forms

* ܬܐܬܐ (tēʾttā), ܬܬܐ (tettā)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: /te̝ʔn.tɑ/, [ˈte̝t.tɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈtet.tɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈti.to]

#### Noun

ܬܐܢܬܐ • (têʾ[n]tā) f (plural ܬܐܢܐ (têʾnē))
* fig (tree and fruit)
** Peshitta, Matthew 7:16:
    ܡܢ ܦܐܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܬܕܥܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ. ܠܡܐ: ܠܩܛܝܢ ܡܢ ܟܘܒ̈ܐ ܥܢܒ̈ܐ: ܐܘ ܡܢ ܩܘܪ̈ܛܒܐ ܬܐܢ̈ܐ.men pēʾrayhōn dên teḏʿūn ʾennōn. lə-mā, lāqṭīn men kubbē ʿenəḇē, ʾaw men qūrṭəḇē ṯêʾnē.Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?
* (medicine) hard red swelling

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܬ ܘ ܢ related to urinating, from Proto-Semitic *ṯ-w-n.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: /te̝ʔn.tɑ/, [ˈte̝n.tɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈten.tɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈtin.to]

#### Noun

ܬܐܢܬܐ • (têʾntā) f(uncountable)
* urine

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

From the root ܐ ܢ ܐ related to being busy.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: /tɑʔn.tɑ/, [ˈtɑn.tɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈtɑn.tɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈton.to]

#### Noun

ܬܐܢܬܐ • (tāʾntā) f (plural ܬܐܢܬܐ (tāʾnāṯā))
* handle, tieback
** Peshitta, Exodus 26:4:
    ܘܥܒܕ ܬܢ̈ܐܬܐ ܕܬܟܠܬܐ ܥܠ ܣܦܬܗ ܕܝܪܝܥܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܒܣܛܪܗ ܕܕܒܩܐ: ܘܗܟܢܐ ܬܥܒܕ ܠܣܦܬܗ ܕܝܪܝܥܬܐ ܡܢ ܣܛܪܐ ܕܕܒܩܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ.wa-ʿəḇeḏ tāʾnāṯā ḏə-ṯeḵləṯā ʿal seppəṯā ḏə-yārīʿtā ḥəḏā ḇə-seṭrāh ḏə-ḏeḇqā; wə-hāḵannā ṯeʿbeḏ lə-seppəṯā ḏə-yārīʿtā men seṭrā ḏə-ḏeḇqā [ʾ]ḥrēnā.And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

##### Inflection
### References

* “tˀnh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2012-07-27
* “tˀnh$^3$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2012-07-27
* “tˀnh$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2012-07-27
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 386b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 603a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1619a, 1619b–1620a
# ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܕ ܡ ܪ related to trembling.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɛðmurtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [tɛðmurɑθɑ], [tɛðm(ə)rɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܬܕܡܪܬܐ or ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ)
* wonder, marvel, portent, miracle

#### Inflection
### References

* “tdmwrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 67b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 605a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1624b
# ܬܘܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t(ə)wɑ]

### Verb

ܬܘܐ • (transliteration needed)
* to repent
# ܬܘܚܪܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Derived from the verb ܡܲܘܚܸܪ (mawḥir, “to delay”) of the noun pattern ta12a3tā.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [taw.xar.tɑː]
* (Standard) IPA: [taw.xərɑːθɑː] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܲܘܚܲܪܬܵܐ • (tawḥartā) f (plural ܬܲܘܚܪ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (tawḥrāṯā))
* delay; deferment, postponement

#### Inflection
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܐ ܚ ܪ related to delaying.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tawħartɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [tawħ(ə)rɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܘܚܪܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܬܘܚܪܬܐ)
* delay, tardiness

#### Inflection
### References

* “twḥrtˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 607a
# ܬܘܣܦܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Compare Hebrew תּוֹסֶפֶת (toséfet).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tɑw.sap.tɑː]

### Noun

ܬܵܘܣܲܦܬܵܐ • (tāwsaptā) f sg (plural ܬܵܘܣ̈ܦܵܬ݂ܹܐ (tāwspāṯē))
* addition, augmentation, increase, growth
* support, relief
* (grammar) predicate
* (in the plural) supplement, appendix

#### Derived terms

* ܬܵܘܣܲܦܬܵܐ ܕܐܸܓܲܪܬܵܐ (tāwsaptā d-iggartā, “postscript”)
* ܬܵܘܣܲܦܬܵܐ ܐܲܓ݂ܪܵܝܬܵܐ (tāwsaptā aḡrāytā, “payraise”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܘ ܣ ܦ related to adding. Compare Hebrew תּוֹסֶפֶת (tōsép̄eṯ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tawsɛftɑ], [tawsaftɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [taws(ə)fɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܘܣܦܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܬܘܣܦܬܐ)
* addition, augmentation, increase, growth
* support, relief
* (grammar) predicate
* (in the plural) supplement, appendix

#### Inflection
### References

* “twsph”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 142b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 608a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1632a–b
# ܬܘܪܣܝܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tursɑjɑ]

### Noun

ܬܘܪܣܝܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܬܘܪܣܝܬܐ)
* nutrition, nourishment, sustenance
* provisions, supplies, support

#### Inflection
### References

* “twrsy”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 398a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 608b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1634a
# statyką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /staˈtɘ.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɘkɔw̃
* Syllabification: sta‧ty‧ką

### Noun

statyką
* instrumental singular of statyka
# ܬܥܠܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ṯaʿlab-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [taʕl(ə)θɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [taʕlɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܥܠܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܬܥܠܬܐ, singular masculine counterpart ܬܥܠܐ)
* fox, vixen
* (figuratively) fox, cunning person

#### Inflection
### References

* “tˁlh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 395a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 617a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1657b
# piké
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* pike

### Etymology

Borrowed from French piqué.

### Noun

piké m (definite singular pikéen or pikeen, indefinite plural pikéer or pikeer, definite plural pikéene or pikeene)
* (textiles) piqué

### References

* “piké” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* keip, peik, pike

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* pike

### Etymology

Borrowed from French piqué.

### Noun

piké m (definite singular pikéen or pikeen, indefinite plural pikéar or pikear, definite plural pikéane or pikeane)
* (textiles) piqué

### References

* “piké” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* keip, kipe, peik, peki, pike

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French piqué.

#### Noun

piké c
* (textiles) piqué (a type of fabric)

##### Derived terms

* pikétröja

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French piquet.

#### Noun

piké c
* piquet (a card game)

##### Declension
### References

* piké in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* piké in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* piké in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* piké in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
# sahur
## English
### Noun

sahur (uncountable)
* (Islam) Alternative form of suhur

### Anagrams

* Ashur, Husar, shura, surah, Århus, Rauhs, Shura, Shuar

## Hausa
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sà.hûr/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [sə̀.hʊ̂r]

### Noun

sàhûr̃ m
* (Islam) suhur (pre-dawn meal during Ramadan)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay sahur, from Classical Malay sahur, from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sahʊr]
* Hyphenation: sa‧hur

### Noun

sahur (plural sahur-sahur)
* (Islam) suhur, a pre-dawn breakfast during the Ramadan fasting

### Further reading

* “sahur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

sahur
* Romanization of ꦱꦲꦸꦂ

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ur

### Noun

sahur (Jawi spelling سحور, plural sahur-sahur, informal 1st possessive sahurku, 2nd possessive sahurmu, 3rd possessive sahurnya)
* (Islam) suhur, a pre-dawn breakfast during the Ramadan fasting

#### Antonyms

* iftar

### Further reading

* “sahur” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown, probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saRut (“answer, reply”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.hʊr/
* Rhymes: -hur
* Hyphenation: sa‧hur

### Noun

sahur
* answer, reply
* return

#### Derived terms

* anahur
* anahurakĕn
* anahuri
* asahur
* asahuran
* makasahur
* masahurakĕn
* panahur
* sinahur
* sinahuran
* sumahur
* sumahurakĕn

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦱꦲꦸꦂ (saur) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "sahur" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# mniszką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɲiʂ.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -iʂkɔw̃
* Syllabification: mnisz‧ką

### Noun

mniszką
* instrumental singular of mniszka
# ѕверилник
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈd͡zvɛɾiɫnik]
* Hyphenation: ѕве‧рил‧ник

### Noun

ѕверилник • (dzverilnik) m (plural ѕверилници)
* menagerie, kennel

#### Related terms

* ѕвер m (dzver), ѕверство n (dzverstvo)
* ѕверски (dzverski)

### Further reading

* “ѕверилник” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
# sardele
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsardɛlɛ]

### Noun

sardele f
* inflection of sardel:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Italian
### Noun

sardele f
* plural of sardela

### Anagrams

* darsele, sedarle

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sarˈdɛ.lɛ/
* Rhymes: -ɛlɛ
* Syllabification: sar‧de‧le

### Noun

sardele
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sardela
# fotusi
## Nǀuu
### Etymology

Derived from Afrikaans foto (“photo, photograph”)

### Noun

fotusi (plural fotuke)
* photograph, photo

### References

* Shah, Sheena, and Matthias Brenzinger. Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17432.
* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
# spelunką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spɛˈluŋ.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -uŋkɔw̃
* Syllabification: spe‧lun‧ką

### Noun

spelunką
* instrumental singular of spelunka
# pretensjonalnością
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɛ.tɛn.sjɔ.nalˈnɔɕ.t͡ɕɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔɕt͡ɕɔw̃
* Syllabification: pre‧ten‧sjo‧nal‧noś‧cią

### Noun

pretensjonalnością
* instrumental singular of pretensjonalność