# 賒

| 賒 | U+8CD2, &#36050; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CD2 |
| ← 賑 [U+8CD1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 賓 → [U+8CD3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

賒 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月金人一火 (BCOMF), four-corner 6889$_1$, composition ⿰貝佘)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 49736
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3642, character 17
* Unihan data for U+8CD2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 賒
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Originally written as 賖, which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljaː): semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit.
In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) with phonetic component 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized.
The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character.

### Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007).
商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.).
Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014)
Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shē (she$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): shè
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): se$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soe$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): sa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhâ
    (Hailu, HRS): cha$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ca$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chiá
* Eastern Min (BUC): siă
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sia$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sia
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cia$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): si$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$so / $^1$suei
* Xiang (Loudi, Wiktionary): xio$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shē
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: she
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^1$
*** Yale: shē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: she
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: shè
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): she$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂe³¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: se$^1$
*** Yale: sē
*** Cantonese Pinyin: se$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sé$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛː⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: soe$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sø²¹³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sa⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ca$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ca$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cha$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰa⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ca$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siă
*** Sinological IPA : /sia⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sia$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sia
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬia⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia
*** Tâi-lô: sia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sia³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cia$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshia
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰia³³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^1$so
*** MiniDict: so$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$so
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /so⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /so⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /so⁵²/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$suei
*** MiniDict: suei$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /szʷei³³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: xio$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: syae
Rime :
| Character | 賒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式車切 |
| Baxter | syae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕia/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕia/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥A/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 賒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syae › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥A/ |
| English | trade on credit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 賒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15753 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 奢 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljaː/ |
| Notes | 說文右從餘聲 |

### Definitions

賒
* to buy and sell on credit
    賒賬／赊账 ― shēzhàng ― to buy or sell on credit
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to forgive
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) distant; far
    From: 王勃 (Wang Bo), 《滕王閣序》, 675 CE
    Běihǎi suī shē, fúyáo kě jiē. [Pinyin]
    Though the Northern Ocean may be very distant, it can still be reached by tornado.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of time) long; long-standing
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sparse; rare
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) slow

### Compounds

* 賒借 / 赊借
* 賒數 / 赊数 (shēshù)
* 賒欠 / 赊欠 (shēqiàn)
* 賒貸 / 赊贷
* 賒賬 / 赊账 (shēzhàng)
* 賒購 / 赊购 (shēgòu)
* 賒銷 / 赊销

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: xa (賒)

### References

* “賒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03960
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “赊”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 207.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しゃ (sha)

## Tày
### Verb

賒 (xa)
* Nôm form of xa (“to search, to look for”).
    𫢋嗺燕九重𫠯賒Vủt xoi ẻn cửu túng lồng xa(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

賒: Hán Việt readings: xa
賒: Nôm readings: xa
* far