# spleen
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English splene, splen, from Anglo-Norman espleen and Old French esplein, esplen, from Latin splēn (“milt”), from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “the spleen”). Doublet of lien. Partially displaced the native English term milt.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: splēn, IPA: /spliːn/
* Rhymes: -iːn
* Audio (UK):(file)

### Noun

spleen (countable and uncountable, plural spleens)
* (anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.
* (archaic, except in the set phrase "to vent one's spleen") A bad mood; spitefulness. Compare gall.
** 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:In noble minds some dregs remain, / Not yet purged off, of spleen and sour disdain.
** 1843, “A Voice from Trinidad”, in Colonial Magazine and Commercial-maritime Journal, page 465:Too many, however, who might take an honourable stand, fear the petty spleen of the plantocracy; preferring the most disgusting adulation, to the blessing of him ready to perish.
** 1929, Owen Lattimore, “The Black Gobi”, in The Desert Road To Turkestan‎, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, →OCLC, page 227:The name I like best, however, I heard uttered by the Eldest Son of the House of Chou, who in a moment of spleen referred to his colleague of the House of Liang as hsiao chu-tan, the Little Pig’s Egg.
** 1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 150:Sullen now, with stultified spleen, Mrs Dibble grappled her crutches and levered herself upright after an ungainly struggle.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:spleen.
* (obsolete, rare) A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim.
** 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC:A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways. Brief as the lightning in the collied night; That, in a spleen, unfolds both heaven and Earth
* (obsolete) Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.
** 1712 May, [Alexander Pope], “The Rape of the Locke. An Heroi-comical Poem.”, in Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, canto:Bodies changed to various forms by spleen.
** 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion:There is a luxury in self-dispraise: / And inward self-disparagement affords / To meditative spleen a grateful feast.
* A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment.
** c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:By virtue, thou enforcest laughter ; thy silly thought, my spleen

#### Synonyms

* lien (uncommon)
* milt (now chiefly of animals)

#### Derived terms

* sago spleen
* spleenful
* spleenless
* spleenlike
* spleen stone
* spleenwort
* spleeny
* splenectomy
* splenetic
* splenic
* spleno-
* splenosis
* sugar-coated spleen
* vent one's spleen
* wandering spleen
* waxy spleen

#### Related terms

* splenomegaly

#### Descendants

* Tok Pisin: splin
* → French: spleen
* → German: Spleen
* → Ido: spleno
* → Polish: splin, spleen
* → Romanian: spleen
* → Spanish: esplín
* → Swedish: spleen

#### Translations

Afrikaans: milt
Albanian: shpretkë (sq) f
Arabic: طِحَال (ar) m (ṭiḥāl)
Egyptian Arabic: طحال m (ṭuḥāl)
Gulf Arabic: طحال m (ṭuḥāl)
Armenian: փայծաղ (hy) (pʻaycaġ)
Old Armenian: փայծաղն (pʻaycałn)
Asturian: bazu (ast) m
Azerbaijani: dalaq (az)
Bashkir: талаҡ (talaq)
Basque: bare
Belarusian: селязёнка f (sjeljazjónka)
Bengali: প্লীহা (pliha)
Bhojpuri: तिल्ली (tillī)
Bulgarian: дала́к (bg) m (dalák), сле́зка f (slézka)
Burmese: သရက်ရွက် (my) (sa.rak-rwak)
Buryat: дэлюун (deljuun)
Cappadocian Greek: πεϊσάχι (peïsáchi)
Catalan: melsa (ca) f
Central Melanau: atai besi
Chichewa: kapamba
Chinese:
Cantonese: 脾臟 / 脾脏 (pei$^4$ zong$^6$)
Mandarin: 脾臟 / 脾脏 (zh) (pízàng)
Chuvash: сула (sula)
Cornish: felgh f
Czech: slezina (cs) f
Danish: milt (da) c
Daur: delukin
Dhivehi: ހުންކޮށި (hun̊koṣi)
Dutch: milt (nl) m
Egyptian: (nnšm)
Erzya: шечей (šečej)
Esperanto: lieno
Estonian: põrn (et)
Evenki: ӣлэн (īlən), дэлкин (dəlkin)
Faroese: milti n, milt n
Finnish: perna (fi)
French: rate (fr) f
Galician: bazo (gl) m, paxarela f
Georgian: ელენთა (elenta)
German: Milz (de) f
Greek: σπλην m (splin), σπλήνα (el) f (splína)
Ancient: σπλήν m (splḗn)
Hadza: puche
Hebrew: טחול (he) (tkhol)
Hindi: तिल्ली (hi) m (tillī), प्लीहा (hi) (plīhā), पिलई (hi) (pilaī), तिहाल (tihāl)
Hungarian: lép (hu)
Hunsrik: Mils f
Icelandic: milta (is) n
Ido: spleno (io)
Indonesian: limpa (id), kura (id), lien (id)
Inuktitut: ᒪᔅᓴᒃ (massak)
Irish: liathán m
Italian: milza (it) f, splene m
Japanese: 脾臓 (ja) (ひぞう, hizō)
Jarai: la
Javanese: ꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥ (limpa)
Kalmyk: делүн (delün)
Kapampangan: lape
Kazakh: көк бауыр (kk) (kök bauyr)
Khmer: កណ្ដុក (km) (kɑndok), ផាល (km) (phaal)
Korean: 지라 (ko) (jira)
Kurdish:
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: سپڵ (ckb) (spill)
Northern Kurdish: sipil (ku) f
Kyrgyz: көк боор (kök boor)
Lao: ມ້າມ (mām)
Latin: liēn m
Latvian: liesa f
Laz: ფანწალა (panǯala)
Lithuanian: blužnis
Luxembourgish: Mëlz f
Macedonian: слезина f (slezina)
Malay: limpa, pelih (ms), kura (ms)
Malayalam: പ്ലീഹ (plīha)
Maltese: milsa f
Manchu: ᡩᡝᠯᡳᡥᡠᠨ (delihun)
Manx: ahlea f
Maori: kōateate, mahara
Marathi: प्लीहा f (plīhā)
Middle English: milte
Middle Persian: 𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭫𐭩 (spul), 𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭫𐭰 (spurz)
Mòcheno: schmilz, schmilz
Mongolian: дэлүү (mn) (delüü)
Navajo: atélí
Norman: rate f
Northern Yukaghir: льукульаайэ (ļukuļaaje)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: milt (no) m
Nynorsk: milt m
Occitan: mèlsa (oc) f
Old English: milte f
Ossetian: фарсылӕвзаг (farsylævzag)
Ottoman Turkish: طالاق (dalak), طحال (tahal), سپرز (süpürz)
Pangasinan: pali
Persian: طحال (fa) (tahâl), اسپرز (fa) (esporz), سپرز (fa) (seporz), اسبل (fa) (esbol)
Piedmontese: milsa f
Plautdietsch: Miltz f
Polish: śledziona (pl) f
Portuguese: baço (pt) m
Quechua: k'ayrapin
Romanian: splină (ro) f
Russian: селезёнка (ru) f (selezjónka)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: слезѝна f, слезѐна f
Roman: slezìna (sh) f, slezèna (sh) f
Sicilian: meusa (scn) f
Sinhalese: please add this translation if you can
Slovak: slezina (sk) f
Slovene: vranica (sl) f
Southern Altai: телӱӱн (telüün), кӧк буур (kök buur)
Spanish: bazo (es) m
Sundanese: kawaya
Swahili: wengu class 5/6
Swedish: mjälte (sv) c
Tagalog: pali
Tajik: испурч (ispurč), сипурз (sipurz)
Tarifit: inarfeḍ m
Tatar: талак (tt) (talaq)
Telugu: ప్లీహము (te) (plīhamu)
Thai: ม้าม (th) (máam)
Turkish: dalak (tr)
Turkmen: dalak
Ugaritic: 𐎉𐎈𐎍 (ṭḥl)
Ukrainian: селезі́нка f (selezínka)
Urdu: تللی m (tilī)
Uyghur: تال (tal)
Uzbek: taloq (uz)
Vietnamese: lách (vi), lá lách (vi)
Volapük: splen (vo)
Welsh: dueg f
West Coast Bajau: kura'
Yakut: таал (taal)
Yiddish: מילץ f (milts) :

### Verb

spleen (third-person singular simple present spleens, present participle spleening, simple past and past participle spleened)
* (obsolete, transitive) To dislike.
** 1693, John Hacket, Scrinia Reserata:T. Wentworth ſpleen'd the Bishop
* To annoy or irritate.
** 1832, The Edinburgh Review: Or Critical Journal - Volume 111, page 488:There had been a good deal of provocation, we have no doubt, before the republican simplicity, at which Mrs Trollope seems to have been so justly offended, was spleened into speaking of the old woman.
** 2013, Jonathan Safran Foer, Everything Is Illuminated:If you want to know why I am always spleening her, it is because I am always elsewhere with friends, and disseminating so much currency, and performing so many things that can spleen a mother.
* (ambitransitive) To complain; to rail; to vent one's spleen.
** 1883, Frank Abial Flower, Life of Matthew Hale Carpenter, page 292:It was satisfactory to a majority of the bolters, but most of the democrats spleened against him.
** 1904, Philip Loring Spooner, Abram Daniel Smith, Wisconsin Reports, page xliv:He never counseled litigation for the sake of litigation, and no client ever complained of his loyalty, He hated sham and pretense, and openly spleened at the empty mouthing oracle of the street corner, the society, or the church.
** 1964, Christine Gay, Pegasus, page 39:O Captain, my Captain, I shan't migrain that fight —A teritable Dunga Minh art thou, A phantom of loneflight; And though I've swaggered you and spleened you, By the living bilge that gleaned you — You're a better man than I am, Dunga Minh!
** 2021, John Ritter, Fatal Conceit:When he phoned the old man in Idaho, Herman Zaunbrecher spleened “no dothead fucking quack's gonna treat my boy like a lab rat” and ordered the surgeon to put Randall on the next flight to Boise.
* To remove the spleen, or, by extension, to gore.
** 1667, Famianus Strada, The History of the Low-Countrey Warres, page 75:Nor did they only take Townes, kill such as made resistance, and rob houses, with the Licentiousnesse and Avarice of Souldiers, but with barbarous Inhumanity spared no age nor modesty; tyrannizing over the Rest and Monuments of the dead, which they spleened as much as the Living;
** 1866, John Jones Thomas, Britannia Antiquissima, page 79:I grant a good deal to Grecian pride of prose, and Roman fund of poesy, when spleened and gored to shame, defeat, and loss of prestige, on the battle-field by mere "barbaric" ( ? ) troops of Cimbric Hyperborean Celts.
** 1892, George Atherton Aitken, George A. Aitken, John Arbuthnot, The Life and Works of John Arbuthnot, M.D, page 328:"That is true," quoth Albertu, “but pray consider on the other side that animals spleened grow extremely salacious, an experiment well known in dogs."
* To excise or remove.
** 1996, William Everson, Clif Ross, William Everson: The Light the Shadow Casts, page 105:That will be how we lose what we have gained, The incremental rapture at the core, Spleened of the belly's thick placental wrath, And the seed's roar.
** 2006, Chris Eann, Lord Buddha: Book of Omens, page 45:Picking up where I left off...broken down, knowing they'd pick through my bones like vultures for what marrow they hadn't already spleened from me.
** 2019, V. A. February, Mind Your Colour:There is even a subtle reference to sexuality in the poem, but it is formulated in such a manner that it is spleened of all vulgarity.

### Anagrams

* pensel, plenes

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English spleen in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /splin/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

spleen m (plural spleens)
* bad mood, melancholy
    Synonyms: bourdon, cafard, dépression, ennui, hypocondrie, langueur, neurasthénie
    J’ai le spleen.I'm in a bad mood

### Further reading

* “spleen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English spleen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsplin/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -in
* Syllabification: spleen
* Homophone: splin

### Noun

spleen m inan
* (clinical psychology, medicine) Alternative spelling of splin

#### Declension
### Further reading

* spleen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* spleen in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English spleen. Doublet of lien and splină.

### Noun

spleen n (uncountable)
* spleen (melancholy)

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English spleen. Attested since 1745.

### Noun

spleen c
* spleen (melancholy, ennui)

#### See also

* livsleda

### References

* spleen in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* spleen in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* spleen in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)