# 司る
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 司
* つかさど Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 掌る 宰る

### Etymology

Compound of 官 (tsukasa, “position of authority”) +‎ 取る (toru, “to take”). The toru changes to doru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つかさどる [tsùkásádóꜜrù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨ̥ka̠sa̠do̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「司る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 司る | つかさどる | [tsùkásádóꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 司れ | つかさどれ | [tsùkásádóꜜrè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 司られる | つかさどられる | [tsùkásádóráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 司らせる | つかさどらせる | [tsùkásádóráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 司れる | つかさどれる | [tsùkásádóréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 司ろう | つかさどろー | [tsùkásádóróꜜò] |
| Negative | 司らない | つかさどらない | [tsùkásádóráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 司らなかった | つかさどらなかった | [tsùkásádóráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 司ります | つかさどります | [tsùkásádórímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 司った | つかさどった | [tsùkásádóꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 司って | つかさどって | [tsùkásádóꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 司れば | つかさどれば | [tsùkásádóꜜrèbà] |

### Verb

司(つかさど)る • (tsukasadoru) transitive godan (stem 司(つかさど)り (tsukasadori), past 司(つかさど)った (tsukasadotta))
* To manage or be in charge of a role or job, in a position of responsibility.
    会(かい)計(けい)事(じ)務(む)を司(つかさど)る者(もの)
       kaikei jimu o tsukasadoru mono
       the person in charge of or responsible for the accounting work
* To rule, control, or administer people or things, from a position of authority.
    生(せい)死(し)を司(つかさど)る神(かみ)
       seishi o tsukasadoru kami
       the god controlling life and death
* (biology) To carry out a role, to serve a function, as done by an organ of the body.
    呼(こ)吸(きゅう)を司(つかさど)る臓(ぞう)器(き)は肺(はい)です。
       Kokyū o tsukasadoru zōki wa hai desu.
       The organ that handles breathing is the lungs.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 司ら | つかさどら | tsukasadora |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 司り | つかさどり | tsukasadori |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 司る | つかさどる | tsukasadoru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 司る | つかさどる | tsukasadoru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 司れ | つかさどれ | tsukasadore |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 司れ | つかさどれ | tsukasadore |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 司られる | つかさどられる | tsukasadorareru |
| Causative | 司らせる 司らす | つかさどらせる つかさどらす | tsukasadoraseru tsukasadorasu |
| Potential | 司れる | つかさどれる | tsukasadoreru |
| Volitional | 司ろう | つかさどろう | tsukasadorō |
| Negative | 司らない | つかさどらない | tsukasadoranai |
| Negative continuative | 司らず | つかさどらず | tsukasadorazu |
| Formal | 司ります | つかさどります | tsukasadorimasu |
| Perfective | 司った | つかさどった | tsukasadotta |
| Conjunctive | 司って | つかさどって | tsukasadotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 司れば | つかさどれば | tsukasadoreba |

#### Synonyms

* (rule, control):
** 支(し)配(はい)する (shihai suru)
** 統(とう)轄(かつ)する (tōkatsu suru)
** 管(かん)理(り)する (kanri suru)
* (manage, be responsible for):
** 担(たん)当(とう)する (tantō suru)
** 引(ひ)き受(う)ける (hikiukeru)
** 請(う)け負(お)う (ukeou)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.