OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 𒌅𒊻𒍣𒅖
## Hittite
### Alternative forms

* 𒌅𒍖𒍣𒀸

### Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“the people; tribe”) with the semantic shift "people" → "army" → "camp". However that has been criticized as unlikely (the normal development would be "camp" → "army"). Kloekhorst argues that Hittite word can formally only reflect an i-stem *tewt-i-, and finally endorses an alternative etymology proposed by Melchert, from *dʰh₁-uti-, a zero-grade derivative of *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”) (whence also Hittite 𒁕𒀀𒄿 (dai, “to put, place”).)
This word is also attested in Akkadian texts as 𒌅𒊻𒍣𒉡 (tuzzinnum, “army”).

### Noun

𒌅𒊻𒍣𒅖 • (tuzziš) c
* army, military forces
* military camp

#### Derived terms

* 𒌅𒊻𒍣𒅀𒀭𒍝 (tuzziyanz)
* 𒌅𒊻𒍣𒅀𒉡𒌦 (tuzziyanun)
* 𒃻𒌅𒊻𒍣𒅖 ($^{NINDA}$tuzziš)

### References

* Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 908
# plaf
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* plah (North Gheg)
* plural: plafa, plëfënj (-të, Tosk), plëfenj (Tosk)

### Etymology

Zero-derivative from plaf (“to cover”), Gheg variant of plah. More at plah.

### Noun

plaf m (plural plafe, definite plafi, definite plural plafet)
* heavy blanket made of goat's hair and with a tufted fringe
* thick covering or rug
    Synonym: mbulesë
* horsecloth, horse blanket

#### Related terms

* plah

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* plaff

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplaf/ [ˈplaf]
* Rhymes: -af
* Syllabification: plaf

### Interjection

plaf
* bang!, boom!, crash!
    Synonym: plas

### Further reading

* “plaf”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# 翔る
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 翔
* かけ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 翔る – see the following entry. :
| 【駆かける】 | [verb] 翔る: to soar; to fly [verb] to run; to dash [verb] to run; to dash [verb] to gallop (one's horse); to canter [verb] to attack (as an army); to charge (esp. cavalry) |
(This term, 翔る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# alero
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [aˈlero]
* Rhymes: -ero
* Hyphenation: a‧le‧ro

### Noun

alero (accusative singular aleron, plural aleroj, accusative plural alerojn)
* awning, canopy
    Synonym: markezo

## Spanish
### Etymology

From ala +‎ -ero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈleɾo/ [aˈle.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: a‧le‧ro

### Noun

alero m (plural aleros)
* eave
    Synonym: alar
* (sports) winger
* (basketball) small forward

### Noun

alero m (plural aleros, feminine alera, feminine plural aleras)
* (colloquial, El Salvador) wingman, companion (friend to accompany you when going out)
    Va a ser mi alero mañana.He's going to be my wingman tomorrow.
    Aquí traje a esta mi amiga de alera.Here I brought my (female) friend to accompany me.

### Further reading

* “alero”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish alero.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈleɾo/ [ʔɐˈlɛː.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: a‧le‧ro

### Noun

alero (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜇᜓ) (architecture)
* eaves
    Synonyms: ambi, sibi, sulambi, pamakpak, palantikan, portiko
* gable end

#### Related terms

* ala
* aleta
* aletas de tiburon

#### See also

* balisbisan
* glabete
* medya-agwa

### Further reading

* “alero”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “alero”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 23
# rupieć
## Polish
### Etymology

Unknown. First attested in the 16th century in the Southern Borderlands territories of Poland in the plural form rupiecie, the singular form was attested from the 19th century onward. Compare Romanian rupetițe (“patches, rags, torn clothing”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.pjɛt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -upjɛt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ru‧pieć

### Noun

rupieć m inan
* (colloquial) something decrepit and useless
* (colloquial) junker (beat-up automobile)

#### Declension
### Noun

rupieć m pers
* (derogatory) old, feeble person

#### Declension
### Further reading

* rupieć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rupieć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# T̓ł
## Kwak'wala
### Alternative forms

* in Liqʼwala dialect

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͜ɬʼ/

### Letter

T̓ł (lower case t̓ł)
* A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Uʼmista
* (Latin-script letters) A a, A̱ a̱, B b, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, K k, Kw kw, K̓ k̓, K̓w k̓w, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵ̓ ḵ̓, Ḵ̓w ḵ̓w, L l, ʼL ʼl, Ł ł, M m, ʼM ʼm, N n, ʼN ʼn, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Tł tł, T̓ł t̓ł, Ts ts, T̓s t̓s, U u, W w, ʼW ʼw, X x, Xw xw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, Y y, ʼY ʼy, ʼ
* Liq̓ʷala
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ə ə, B b, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, Dᶻ dᶻ, E e, G g, Gʷ gʷ, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧʷ ǧʷ, H h, I i, K k, Kʷ kʷ, K̓ k̓, K̓ʷ k̓ʷ, Q q, Qʷ qʷ, Q̓ q̓, Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ, L l, L̓ l̓, Ł ł, M m, M̓ m̓, N n, N̓ n̓, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, C c, C̓ c̓, U u, W w, W̓ w̓, X x, Xʷ xʷ, X̌ x̌, X̌ʷ x̌ʷ, Y y, Y̓ y̓, ʔ
# a-beynte singko
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* a-25 — abbreviation
* a-bente singko, abente singko, a bente singko — colloquial
* abeynte singko, a beynte singko

### Etymology

From a- +‎ beynte singko.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔa ˌbejnte ˈsiŋko/ [ʔɐ ˌbeɪ̯n̪.t̪ɛ ˈsiŋ.ko]
* Rhymes: -iŋko
* Syllabification: a-beyn‧te sing‧ko

### Noun

a-beynte singko (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜌ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓ)
* twenty-fifth day of the month
    Synonym: ikadalawampu't lima

#### See also

* a-primero
* a-uno
* a-dos
* a-tres
* a-kuwatro
* a-singko
* a-seis
* a-siyete
* a-otso
* a-nuwebe
* a-diyes
* a-onse
* a-dose
* a-trese
* a-katorse
* a-kinse
* a-disiseis
* a-disisiyete
* a-disiotso
* a-disinuwebe
* a-beynte
* a-beynte uno
* a-beynte dos
* a-beynte tres
* a-beynte kuwatro
* a-beynte seis
* a-beynte siyete
* a-beynte otso
* a-beynte nuwebe
* a-treynta
* a-treynta y uno
# gorns
## English
### Noun

gorns
* (rare) plural of gorn
# fish strainer
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Noun

fish strainer (plural fish strainers)
* A colander with handles, used for taking fish out of a cookpot.
* A perforated slab at the bottom of a dish, used to drain the water from a boiled fish.
    an earthenware fish strainer

### References

* “fish”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# thermae
## English
### Etymology

From Latin thermae, plural of therma. See thermal.

### Noun

thermae pl (plural only)
* Roman-style spring or baths with warm or hot water.
    Synonym: spa
** 1933, Frank Hammond Krusen, Light Therapy, page 4:The Greeks and Romans constructed in their homes special sun parlors (called helioses or thermae).

#### Translations
### References

* “thermæ”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* erathem, mathree, meather, methera

## Latin
### Noun

thermae
* inflection of therma:
** nominative/vocative plural
** genitive/dative singular

### References

* “thermae”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “thermae”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* thermae in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “thermae”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* thermae in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “thermae”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* “thermae”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
# Folkwin
## German
### Alternative forms

* Volkwin

### Etymology

From Middle High German *Volkewîn, from Old High German *Folkwini, from Proto-West Germanic *Folkwini, equivalent to Old High German folk (“people”) + wini (“friend”).

### Proper noun

Folkwin m (proper noun, strong, genitive Folkwins)
* a male given name from Old High German

### References

* 1 2 S.L. Uckelman "Volkwin". In S.L. Uckelman, ed. The Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources, Edition 2023, no. 1.
# zúlum
## Phalura
### Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu ظُلْم (zulm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zúlum/

### Noun

zúlum m (Perso-Arabic spelling ظُلم)
* cruelty

#### Inflection

a-decl (Obl, pl): -a

### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “zúlum”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
# Mussorgskij
## Italian
### Etymology

Transliteration of Russian Му́соргский (Músorgskij).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /musˈsɔr.ski/
* Rhymes: -ɔrski
* Hyphenation: Mus‧sòrg‧skij

### Proper noun

Mussorgskij m
* Alternative form of Musorgskij
# self-study
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ study.

### Noun

self-study (uncountable)
* Study without the aid of a formal educational institution.

#### See also

* self-learning

### Verb

self-study (third-person singular simple present self-studies, present participle self-studying, simple past and past participle self-studied)
* (intransitive, rare) To study without the aid of a formal educational institution.
# sinais de Romaña
## Portuguese
### Noun

sinais de Romaña
* plural of sinal de Romaña
# that'll be the day
## English
### Etymology

Originally referring to a significant day in the future regarded as worth waiting for.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌðætl̩ biː ðə ˈdeɪ/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌðætl̩ bi ðə ˈdeɪ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Phrase

that'll be the day
* (originally Australia, New Zealand, idiomatic, informal) Said in reply to something that one believes will never happen.
    Synonym: that'll be the frosty Friday
    I’m going to get into work on time today. — That’ll be the day!

#### See also

* a cold day in hell
* a week from next Tuesday
* until the cows come home
* when hell freezes over
* when pigs fly

### References

* ↑ “that’ll (also that will) be the day, phrase” under “day, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2023; “that will be the day, phrase” under “day, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# lonza
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlon.t͡sa/
* Rhymes: -ontsa
* Hyphenation: lón‧za

### Etymology 1

Probably from Vulgar Latin *luncea, from Latin lynx, whence also Italian lince (a borrowed doublet). Cognate to French once.

#### Alternative forms

* leonza, onza

#### Noun

lonza f (plural lonze)
* (literary) term used in the Middle Ages to describe a type of wild cat, possibly a lynx or leopard (cf. Portuguese onça)
** 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell]‎, lines 31–33; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:Ed ecco, quasi al cominciar de l'erta, ¶ una lonza leggera e presta molto, ¶ che di pel macolato era coverta; […]And lo! almost where the ascent began, a panther light and swift exceedingly, which with a spotted skin was covered o'er!
* (zoology, uncommon) alternative name for two species of felines:
** snow leopard, irbis (Panthera uncia)
** jaguar (Panthera onca)

#### Further reading

* lónza$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* lonza (animale) on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old French longe.

#### Noun

lonza f (plural lonze)
* loin of pork

#### Further reading

* lónza$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* lonza on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$

### Anagrams

* lanzo
# fever dream
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

fever dream (plural fever dreams)
* An intense or confusing dream, often caused by fever.
* (by extension) Any intense and vivid experience.
* An extremely outlandish subject matter and unnaturally complex plotline of a unit of media

#### Translations
### See also

* nightmare
# zetare
## Old Navarro-Aragonese
### Verb

zetare
* Archaic form of gitar (“to throw”).
# iskuwirel
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* iskwirel — superseded, pre-2007

### Etymology

Borrowed from English squirrel, from Middle English squirel, squyrelle, from Anglo-Norman esquirel and Old French escurel , from Vulgar Latin *scūriolus, diminutive of *scūrius, variant of Latin sciūrus, from Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “shadow-tail”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiskuˈiɾel/ [ʔɪsˈkwiː.ɾɛl]
* Rhymes: -iɾel
* Syllabification: is‧ku‧wi‧rel

### Noun

iskuwirel (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜇᜒᜎ᜔)
* squirrel
    Synonym: ardilya

#### See also

* buot

### Further reading

* “iskuwirel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# آلي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of آلَة (ʔāla, “machine, device”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaː.lijj/

### Adjective

آلِيّ • (ʔāliyy) (feminine آلِيَّة (ʔāliyya), masculine plural آلِيُّونَ (ʔāliyyūna), feminine plural آلِيَّات (ʔāliyyāt))
* automatic, automated, mechanical
    إِنْسَان آلِيّ ― ʔinsān ʔāliyy ― robot
    مُجِيب آلِيّ ― mujīb ʔāliyy ― answering machine

#### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ء و ل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# સ્વીકારવું
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From સ્વીકાર (svīkār) +‎ -વું (-vũ) by analogy with Sanskrit સ્વીકરોતિ (svīkaroti).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈsʋi.kɑɾ.ʋũ/
* Rhymes: -ũ
* Hyphenation: સ્વી‧કાર‧વું

### Verb

સ્વીકારવું • (svīkārvũ) (transitive)
* to welcome
* to accept
* to concede, admit
# หลอด
## Thai
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰlɔːtᴰᴸ¹ (“tube; bobbin”), from Proto-Tai *ʰlwuːtᴰ (“spool”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩬᨯ, Khün ᩉᩖᩬᨯ, Lao ຫຼອດ (lǭt), Lü ᦜᦸᧆᧈ (l̇oad¹), Tai Dón ꪨꪮꪒ, Shan လွတ်ႇ (làut), Zhuang lwt (“spool”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | หลอด h l ɒ ɗ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | หฺลอด h ̥ l ɒ ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | lɔ̀ɔt |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | lot |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /lɔːt̚˨˩/ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | ลอร์ด |

### Noun

หลอด • (lɔ̀ɔt) (classifier อัน or หลอด)
* drinking straw.
* tube (for some equipment).
    หลอดตะเกียง
       lɔ̀ɔt dtà-giiang
       lamp tube
    หลอดไฟฟ้า
       lɔ̀ɔt fai-fáa
       light bulb (lit. electric tube)
    หลอดวิทยุ
       lɔ̀ɔt wít-tá-yú
       vacuum tube (lit. radio tube)
    หลอดนีออน
       lɔ̀ɔt nii-ɔɔn
       neon tube
    หลอดทดลอง
       lɔ̀ɔt tót-lɔɔng
       test tube
* spindle (of sewing machine).

#### Derived terms

* หลอดดูด (lɔ̀ɔt-dùut)
* หลอดดูดน้ำ
* หลอดทดลอง (lɔ̀ɔt-tót-lɔɔng)
* หลอดลม (lɔ̀ɔt-lom)

#### See also

* กระบอก (grà-bɔ̀ɔk)
* ท่อ (tɔ̂ɔ)

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 340
# skrifa
## Cornish
### Etymology

From Latin scrībō.

### Verb

skrifa
* to write

#### Derived terms

* deskrifa
* jynnskrifa
* kovskrifa
* liesskrifa
* margh skrifa
* sonskrifa

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse skrifa, from Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, a late borrowing from Latin scrībō (“write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skreybʰ-.
Compare Faroese skriva, Danish skrive, West Frisian skriuwe, Low German schrieven, Dutch schrijven, German schreiben, Swedish skriva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈskrɪːva/
    Rhymes: -ɪːva

### Verb

skrifa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative skrifaði, supine skrifað)
* to write [with accusative]
    Synonym: rita

#### Derived terms

* skrifa undir
* skrifari
# many a
## English
### Determiner

many a
* Being one of a large number, each one of many; belonging to an aggregate or category, considered singly as one of a kind.
    There is many a true word spoken in jest.
    Many a flower is born to blush unseen.
** 1608–1641, Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas, edited by Theron Wilber Haight, The Divine Weeks of Josuah Sylvester, Waukesha, Wis., USA: H. M. Youmans, published 1908, page 150:Know then that God, to the end He be not thought, / A powerless judge, here plagueth many a fault, / And many a fault leaves here unpunished, / That men may also His last judgment dread.
** 1908 April 11, “The Coal-Miners and the Wage-Scale”, in The Literary Digest, volume 36, number 15, page 507:If the 250,000 miners, which threaten to stop work, go out on strike there is likely to be many an idle mill beside the water courses and many a factory with silent spindles.
** 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar ones fired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills, […] a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
** 1914, David Lloyd George, The Great War, Toronto: Hodder and Stoughton, Limited, page 3:Many a crime has being committed in its name: there are some being committed now.
** 2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review—choose a sequel that doesn't disappoint”, in The Guardian‎:Danny Boyle's T2 Trainspotting is everything I could reasonably have hoped for—scary, funny, desperately sad, with many a bold visual flourish.

#### Usage notes

* Many a or an is followed by a singular noun. If the resulting noun phrase is used as the grammatical subject of a clause, the verb it controls is also singular (the idiom is distributive rather than aggregate in sense). The use of a versus an follows the usage notes detailed for the article an.

#### Alternative forms

* many an (used before a word starting with a vowel sound)

#### Derived terms

* many a mickle makes a muckle
* many a time
* many a time and oft, many a time and often
* many a times (nonstandard)
* there's many a good tune played on an old fiddle
* there's many a slip between the cup and the lip, there's many a slip twixt cup and lip, there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

#### Translations
### See also

* a fair booty makes many a thief
* many another
* nary a

### Anagrams

* Mayan, Yaman
# みつる
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of みつる – see the following entries. :
| 【充】S | [proper noun] a male given name Alternative spelling たかし |
| 【満】4 | [proper noun] a male given name |
(This term, みつる (mitsuru), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as みつる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as みつる.) :
# كربة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kur.ba/

### Noun

كُرْبَة • (kurba) f (plural كُرَب (kurab))
* worry, sorrow, care, grief
* apprehension, concern, anxiety, fear
* distress, trouble
* pain, torture, torment, agony

#### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1960) “كربة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz
# صازلق
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* سازلق (sazlık)

### Etymology

From صاز (saz, “rush”) +‎ ـلق (-lık, -luk).

### Noun

صازلق • (sazlık) (definite accusative صازلقی (sazlığı), plural صازلقلر (sazlıklar))
* reed bed, a place where reeds or rushes grow, usually found in floodplains, waterlogged depressions and estuaries

#### Descendants

* Turkish: sazlık

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “صاز”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 183
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sazlık”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4107
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “سازلق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 261b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صازلق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 747
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Juncetum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 886
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سازلق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2514
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صازلق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1156
# ܓܫܘܫܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Inherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā), as a phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”) through the verb ܓܵܝܹܫ (gāyēš, “to touch”); hence also the verb ܡܓܲܫܸܩ (mgaššiq, “to stare”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /⁠*gōšakā⁠/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”). Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh) and borrowed into Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs) via Classical Syriac.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ɡɑːʃoːʃɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [d͡ʒɑːʃuːʃɑː]

### Noun

ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ • (gāšōšā) m sg (plural ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē), feminine ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ (gāšōštā))
* spy
* scout, searcher, explorer

#### Derived terms

* ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (gāšōšūṯā)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܓ ܫ ܫ related to feeling touch, palpitating. Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡɑʃoʃɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ɡɑʃoʃe] (plural)

### Noun

ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))
* spy
* scout, searcher, explorer
* (medicine) palpitation

#### Derived terms

* ܓܫܘܫܘܬܐ (gāšōšūṯā)

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs)

### References

* “gšwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Asatrian, Mushegh (2006) “Iranian Elements in Arabic: The State of Research”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 10, number 1, page 87
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 55a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 79b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 264b–265a
# gammen
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse gaman, from Proto-Germanic *gamaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡamən/, [ˈɡ̊ɑmən]

### Noun

gammen c
* (dated) merriment
    Synonym: glæde

### Fixed Expression

* fryd og gammen

### References

* “gammen” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English gamen.

#### Noun

gammen
* Alternative form of game

### Etymology 2

From Old English gamenian.

#### Verb

gammen
* Alternative form of gamen