# 江湖
## Chinese

* 江湖 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 江湖 (Cantonese)
* Jianghu (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiānghú
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$ wu$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông-fù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kang-ô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$ ou$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kaon-wu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiānghú → jiānghu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨˊ → ㄐㄧㄤ ˙ㄏㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jianghů
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-hu$^5$
*** Yale: jyāng-hu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang.hwu
*** Palladius: цзянху (czjanxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu²/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$江湖 漿糊 / 浆糊
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$ wu$^4$
*** Yale: gōng wùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$ wu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$ wu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông-fù
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$ fu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$ fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴ fu¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-ô͘
*** Tâi-lô: kang-ôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kang'oo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³ ɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$ ou$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang ôu
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³⁻²³ ou⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kaon-wu
*** MiniDict: kaon$^平$ wu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kaan-hhu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kaewng hu
Rime :
| Character | 江 | 湖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 古雙切 | 戸吳切 |
| Baxter | kaewng | hu |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠʌŋ/ | /ɦuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚɔŋ/ | /ɦuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɔŋ/ | /ɣo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨwŋ/ | /ɦɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /kɔŋ/ | /ɣo/ |
| Wang Li | /kɔŋ/ | /ɣu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɔŋ/ | /ɣuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng | hú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gong$^1$ | wu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤroŋ [ɡ]ˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋ ɡaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 江 | 湖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāng | hú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæwng › | ‹ hu › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁroŋ/ | /*[ɡ]ˁa/ |
| English | (Yangzi) river | lake |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 江 | 湖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3995 | 4247 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 古 |
| Rime group | 東 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 江 | 胡 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːŋ/ | /*ɡaː/ |

### Noun

江湖
* (literally) rivers and lakes
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Quán hé, yú xiāngyǔ chǔ yú lù, xiāng xǔ yǐ shī, xiāng rú yǐ mò, bùrú xiāngwàng yú jiānghú. [Pinyin]
    When the springs are dried up, the fishes collect together on the land. Than that they should moisten one another there by the damp about them, and keep one another wet by their slime, it would be better for them to forget one another in the rivers and lakes.
* (figuratively) all corners of the country; (around) the whole country
* (figuratively) society, community
* (figuratively) wandering life; private and plebian domain beyond the control of the government; underworld
* (figuratively) place of residence of a hermit; reclusive place
* (figuratively) vagrant; itinerant (entertainer, quack doctor, swindler etc.)
* (figuratively) old experienced person; man of experience

#### Derived terms

* 人在江湖，身不由己
* 江湖好漢 / 江湖好汉
* 江湖義氣 / 江湖义气
* 江湖藝人 / 江湖艺人
* 江湖術士 / 江湖术士
* 江湖術語 / 江湖术语
* 江湖道義 / 江湖道义
* 江湖郎中
* 江湖醫生 / 江湖医生 (jiānghú yīshēng)
* 江湖騙子 / 江湖骗子 (jiānghú piànzi)
* 浪跡江湖 / 浪迹江湖
* 笑傲江湖
* 老江湖 (lǎojiānghu)
* 走江湖 (zǒu jiānghu)
* 跑江湖
* 重現江湖 / 重现江湖
* 闖江湖 / 闯江湖

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 江湖(こうこ) (kōko)
* → Korean: 강호(江湖) (gangho)
* → Vietnamese: giang hồ (江湖)
* → English: jiang hu

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 江 | 湖 |
| こう Grade: S | こ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ːko̞]

#### Noun

江(こう)湖(こ) • (kōko)
* the rivers and lakes
* the secular world, the world outside the court
    Synonyms: 世の中 (yononaka), 天下 (tenka)
* (Buddhism) a retreat

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 江 | 湖 |
| ごう Grade: S | こ Grade: 3 |
| kan'yōon | kan'on |

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡo̞ːko̞]

#### Noun

江(ごう)湖(こ) • (gōko)
* the rivers and lakes
* (Buddhism) Short for 江湖僧 (gōkosō).
* (Buddhism) Short for 江湖会 (gōkoe).