# chiaroscuro
## English
### Alternative forms

* chiaro-oscuro, claro-obscuro (archaic)
* chiaro-scuro (obsolete)

### Etymology

Mid-17th century, borrowed from Italian chiaroscuro, from chiaro (“clear, bright”) + oscuro (“dark, obscure”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /kɪˌɑːɹəˈskʊəɹəʊ/
* (US) IPA: /ˌkjɑɹəˈsk(j)ʊɹoʊ/
* Audio (Canada); /ˌkjɒɹəˈskuɹoʊ/:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʊəɹəʊ, -ʊɹəʊ

### Noun

chiaroscuro (countable and uncountable, plural chiaroscuros or chiaroscuri)
* (painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.
* (painting) A monochrome picture made by using several different shades of the same color.
* (art) A woodcut technique in which several woodcut blocks are used to print different shades of a color, or a woodcut print made by this technique.
* (photography) A photographic technique in which one side of the subject, for example a face, is well lit and the other is in shadow.
    Synonym: Rembrandt lighting

#### Coordinate terms

* contrast

#### Derived terms

* chiaroscurist
* chiaroscuroed

#### Translations
### Adjective

chiaroscuro (comparative more chiaroscuro, superlative most chiaroscuro)
* (figuratively) Possessing the qualities of a work of chiaroscuro.
** 1913, The Saturday Evening Post - Volume 185, Issue 7, page 21:It has been a very chiaroscuro day—lots of sunlight and shadow.
** 1962, Charles Neider, The frozen sea: a study of Franz Kafka, page 90:It is cruder than the others, more graphic, less chiaroscuro.
** 1970, Archeologia classica - Volumes 22-23, page 56:A somewhat " chiaroscuro " effect, which imparts a strong feeling of rotundity to the bronze helmet, is achieved by the artist's bold use of broad hatching along its upper contours.
** 1983 -, Max Davidson, The Wolf, page 68:'Rome's a very chiaroscuro city, I've always thought,' said Tom Richardson eventually, sensing that the lull in the conversation was going to be a protracted one.
** 1984, Francesca Stanfill, Shadows and light:I heard them discussing painting, and the two pictures Veronique had purchased from Allegra's sale: a haunting nude, very chiaroscuro, and another — more colorful and enigmatic — of a woman before a screen, holding an Oriental mask.
** 1993, American Cinematographer - Volume 74, page 55:To minimize the problem, we used dark skies, very chiaroscuro lighting, and decided that the whole film would take place at night."
** 1994, The Absolute Sound - Volume 19, Issues 95-98, page 111:HP, however, preferred the more chiaroscuro quality of the original CD.
** 1995, Frank Waters, The Lizard Woman, page 3:A very chiaroscuro sort of man he was, arm on balcony, staring down into the dusty street below.
** 2007, Gerd Gemünden, Mary R. Desjardins, Dietrich Icon, page 265:At times the image is so chiaroscuro as to be nearly illegible, such that one can only imagine the discussions between Lang and the Technicolor advisors.
** 2017, P.L. Hawks, I Love Paris:The shooting bright light from the outside contrasted sharply from the coal black shadows of the interior giving the compound a very chiaroscuro quality.
** 2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 15, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation‎, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 275:Overhead lights swung wildly around the hole that it had burned through the ceiling. The very walls were warping from heat near the craft, metal panels peeling apart and some of the exposed wiring smoldering or outright aflame. Heat-waves rippled around the room’s camera array, and the white-hot gas that curled up from underneath the shuttle made shadows in the darkened, fiery chamber flicker in stark chiaroscuro.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌkja.roˈsku.ro/
* Rhymes: -uro
* Hyphenation: chia‧ro‧scù‧ro

### Etymology 1

From chiaro (“clear, bright”) +‎ oscuro (“dark, obscure”).

#### Noun

chiaroscuro m (plural chiaroscuri)
* (painting, art) chiaroscuro (artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts)
* (figurative) contrasts, ups and downs

##### Coordinate terms

* contrasto

##### Derived terms

* chiaroscurale
* chiaroscurare

##### Descendants

* → English: chiaroscuro
* → French: clair-obscur (calque)
** → Dutch: clair-obscur
* → Portuguese: claro-escuro (calque)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

chiaroscuro
* first-person singular present indicative of chiaroscurare

### References

* ↑ chiaroscuro in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

### Further reading

* chiaroscuro in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* chiaroscuro in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* chiaroscuro in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* chiaroscùro in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* chiaroscuro in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
* chiaroscuro in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Portuguese

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### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Italian chiaroscuro.

### Noun

chiaroscuro m (plural chiaroscuros)
* Synonym of claro-escuro