# sonder
## English
### Etymology

Coined by American author and neologist John Koenig in 2012, whose project, The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, aims to come up with new words for emotions that currently lack words. Inspired by German sonder- (“special”) and French sonder (“to probe”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈsɑndɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɒndə/
* Rhymes: -ɒndə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: son‧der

### Noun

sonder (uncountable)
* (neologism) The profound feeling of realizing that everyone, including strangers passing in the street, has a life as complex as one's own, which they are constantly living despite one's personal lack of awareness of it.
** 2012 December, John Buysse, “On 2nd thought, we do have linked lives”, in The Daily Illini, volume 142, number 68,5, University of Illinois, page 4A:I had a sonder, a realization that the random girl sitting next to me inside of Starbucks might have a fantastic life or she might be dealing with a very ill family member.
** 2013, Annie Cohen, "A Deeper Understanding", Panorama (Ladue Horton Watkins High School, St. Louis, Missouri), Volume 62, Issue 3, 14 October 2013, page 14:
    We need to have a "sonder" moment, where we realize that we aren't the only ones with feelings, dreams, regrets and hopes.
** 2015, Emily Neiman, Sonder: Clara's Story‎, iUniverse, →ISBN:I knew the feeling of sonder my whole life. […] Every time I stopped what I was doing and just watched people, this feeling of breathlessness would wash over me.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:sonder.

### References

* ↑ Powers, Maggie (2014 November 12) “On Searching For A Word In Kenmore Square”, in The Heights, volume 95, number 44, Boston, MA, page B7
* ↑ Koenig, John (2012 July 22) “sonder”, in The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows Tumblr‎
* ↑ Koenig, John (2012 June 19) “sonder”, in The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows Facebook‎
* ↑ Koenig, John (2021) “sonder”, in The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 123

### Anagrams

* Doners, Drones, RDS-EON, Rodens, doners, drones, nerdos, redons, renods, snored, sorned

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz. Cognate with English sunder.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɔn.dər/
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

sonder
* without

## Danish
### Noun

sonder c pl
* plural indefinite of sonde

### Verb

sonder or sondér
* imperative of sondere

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French sonder, from Old French sonder (“to plumb”), from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from Old English sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-West Germanic *sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔ̃.de/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

sonder
* (transitive) to probe (test with a probe)
* (transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)
** to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)
* (transitive) to probe (look carefully around)
* (transitive) to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)
* (meteorology) to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon
* to survey (carry out a survey or poll)
* (intransitive) to dive down

#### Related terms

* sondage
* sonde
* sondé

#### Descendants

* → German: sondieren
** → Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)

### Further reading

* “sonder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* endors, rondes

## German
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“isolated, particular, alone”), from Proto-Indo-European *snter-, *seni-, *senu-, *san- (“apart, without, for oneself”). Cognate to Latin sine (“without”), English sunder (“separate, different”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzɔndɐ/
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

sonder [with accusative]
* (archaic) without; except; not including
    Synonyms: außer, exklusive, ohne

#### Derived terms

* sondergleichen

#### Related terms

* besonders
* sonder-
* sonderbar
* sonderlich

### Further reading

* “sonder” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “sonder” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon

## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦂ (sondhèr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈson.dɛr/, [ˈson.dɛr]
* Rhymes: -dɛr
* Hyphenation: son‧der

#### Noun

sonder (plural sonder-sonder)
* shawl
    Synonym: selendang

##### Derived terms

* bersonder

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English sonder.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈson.dɛr/, [ˈson.dɛr]
* Rhymes: -dɛr
* Hyphenation: son‧der

#### Noun

sonder (uncountable)
* (psychology) sonder: the profound feeling of realizing that everyone, including strangers passing in the street, has a life as complex as one's own, which they are constantly living despite one's personal lack of awareness of it.

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Dutch zonder (“without”), from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈson.dər/, [ˈson.dər]
* Rhymes: -dər
* Hyphenation: son‧dêr

#### Particle

sondêr
* (dialectal) without
    Synonym: tanpa

##### Alternative forms

* zonder (unadapted borrowing)

### Further reading

* “sonder” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* zonder
* سوندر
* زوندر

### Etymology

From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.

### Preposition

sonder (Jawi spelling سوندر)
* (Netherlands, Indonesia) without (not having)

#### Synonyms

* tanpa / تنڤا
* tidak ada / تيدق اد
* tidak ber- / تيدق بر-

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.

### Preposition

sonder [with accusative]
* without
* except (for)

#### Descendants

* Dutch: zonder
** Afrikaans: sonder
** Berbice Creole Dutch: sondro
** Jersey Dutch: zonder
** Negerhollands: sonder, sondu
** → Aukan: sondee
** → Caribbean Javanese: sonder
** → Malay: sonder
** → Indonesian: sonder, zonder
** → Javanese: ꦱꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦂ (sondher)
** → Saramaccan: sondò
** → Sranan Tongo: sondro
* Limburgish: zónger

### Further reading

* “sonder (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sonder (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French sonder, from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bh)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).

### Verb

sonder
* (Jersey) to sound

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

sonder m pl
* indefinite plural of sonde

## Swedish
### Noun

sonder
* indefinite plural of sond