# 區區
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qūqū
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ ㄑㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): keoi$^1$ keoi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khî-khî
* Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̆-kṳ̆
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cy$^1$ cy$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khu-khu / khi-khi
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chiu-chiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qūqū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyucyu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^1$-chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: chyū-chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuchiu
*** Palladius: цюйцюй (cjujcjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: keoi$^1$ keoi$^1$
*** Yale: kēui kēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: koey$^1$ koey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kêu$^1$ kêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî-khî
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki$^ˊ$ ki$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ki$^1$ ki$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̆-kṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰy⁵⁵ $^{(kʰ-)}$y⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cy$^1$ cy$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chṳ-chṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰy⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu-khu
*** Tâi-lô: khu-khu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qu'qw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³ kʰu³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi-khi
*** Tâi-lô: khi-khi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qi'qy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chiu-chiu
*** MiniDict: chiu$^平$ chiu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qy-qy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/
* Middle Chinese: khju khju
Rime :
| Character | 區 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 豈俱切 |
| Baxter | khju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰio/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | heoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰo kʰo/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 區 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10605 |
| Phonetic component | 區 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 區 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰo/ |

### Adjective

區區 (ideophonic)
* insignificant; trifling; small; negligible
    From: late 1st century BCE, Jia Yi (賈誼), On the Crimes of Qin (《過秦上》)
    Rán Qín yǐ qūqū zhī dì, zhì wànshèng zhī shì, xù bāzhōu ér cháo tóngliè, bǎi yǒuyú nián yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Qin, beginning with an insignificant amount of territory, reached the power of a great state and for a hundred years made all the other great lords pay homage to it.
    From: 1070, October 13, Ouyang Xiu, Biography of the Retired Scholar of Six Ones（《六一居士傳》）, translated by Ronald C. Egan
    Yúshì yǔ kè jù qǐ, wòshǒu dàxiào yuē: “Zhì zhī, qūqū bùzú jiào yě.” [Pinyin]
    Saying this, the scholar arose with the visitor, clasping him by the arms and laughing loudly, ‘Never mind, never mind! Let us not quibble over such trifling matters.’
* (literary) sincere; devoted; genuine; solicitous
    From: c. late Han Dynasty, 繁欽 (Pó Qīn),《定情詩》, translated by Xu Yuanchong
    Héyǐ zhì qūqū? Ěr zhōng shuāng míngzhū. [Pinyin]
    How to express our feelings deer? Two bright pearls hanging from the ear.
    From: 1900, February 20, Liang Qichao (梁啟超),《呵旁觀者文》
    Wú yì fā yú bùrěn pángguān qūqū zhī kǔxīn, bùdébù dàshēngjíhū yǐ wèi wǒ tóngbāo sìwànwàn rén gào yě. [Pinyin]
    Is it not also out of an earnest and heartfelt unwillingness to stand by and watch in silence, that I am compelled to cry out loudly and urgently, addressing this to my 400 million compatriots?
* (literary) complacent; self-satisfied; contented
* (literary) ordinary; clumsy; foolish
* (literary) toiling; hard-working

#### Derived terms

* 區區僕僕 / 区区仆仆
* 區區冗冗 / 区区冗冗
* 區區將將 / 区区将将
* 區區惓惓 / 区区惓惓
* 區區矻矻 / 区区矻矻
* 區區碌碌 / 区区碌碌
* 區區規規 / 区区规规

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 구구(區區) (gugu)

### Noun

區區
* (literary) country
    From: 1902, Liang Qichao（梁啟超）, 《新民説•論自由》, which has an abridged translation by Herbert A. Giles
    Duō! Cǐ qūqū zhě guǒ héwù, ér gù shǐ zhī cāozòng wǒ xīn rú zhuǎnpéng zāi? [Pinyin]
    Alas! What kind of entity is this country (China) that it should manipulate my heart as much as the wind tosses tumbleweed?

### Pronoun

區區
* (literary, humble, informal) I; me

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “区区”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 118.