# 群

| 群 | U+7FA4, &#32676; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FA4 |
| ← 羣 [U+7FA3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 羥 → [U+7FA5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

群 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口廿手 (SRTQ) or 難尸口廿手 (XSRTQ), four-corner 1865$_1$, composition ⿰君羊)

#### Derived characters

* 𡀳, 𡑱, 𪷧, 𤐆, 𫲳, 𨆤, 𨮉, 𬚀, 𤺽, 𦏓, 𭁝, 𱻖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 952, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28498
* Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 12
* Unihan data for U+7FA4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涒 | *l̥ʰuːn |
| 麏 | *krun |
| 莙 | *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun |
| 輑 | *kʰrun |
| 蜠 | *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ |
| 峮 | *kʰrun |
| 窘 | *ɡrunʔ |
| 僒 | *ɡrunʔ |
| 君 | *klun |
| 桾 | *klun |
| 宭 | *klun, *ɡlun |
| 鮶 | *klun |
| 捃 | *kluns |
| 群 | *ɡlun |
| 羣 | *ɡlun |
| 裙 | *ɡlun |
| 裠 | *ɡlun |
| 帬 | *ɡlun |
| 焄 | *qʰlun |
| 郡 | *ɡluns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡlun): phonetic 君 (OC *klun) + semantic 羊 – a herd of sheep; a group.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kul (“twenty; all”); cognate with 昆 (OC *kuːn, “swarming”), Tibetan ཀུན (kun, “all”), Burmese အကုန် (a.kun, “all”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qún (qun$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄣˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чүн (čün, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiùn
    (Hailu, HRS): kiun
* Eastern Min (BUC): gùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gong$^2$ / guong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jiun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qún
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyún
*** Wade–Giles: chʻün$^2$
*** Yale: chyún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyun
*** Palladius: цюнь (cjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyn³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qúnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄣˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyúnr
*** Wade–Giles: chʻün$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: chyúnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyul
*** Palladius: цюньр (cjunʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyə̯ɻ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чүн (čün, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^4$
*** Yale: kwàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰun²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiun⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gùng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gong$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geóng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kûn
*** Tâi-lô: kûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khûng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jiun
*** MiniDict: jiuin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑyn²³/
* Middle Chinese: gjun
Rime :
| Character | 群 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠云切 |
| Baxter | gjun |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gun/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kwan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ur/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡlun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 群 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ur/ |
| English | flock, herd, group |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 群 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7295 |
| Phonetic component | 君 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 羣 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡlun/ |
| Notes | 羣字所注或體 |

### Definitions

群
* group; crowd; flock; herd; pack
* multitude; many people
* (group theory) group
* (social media) group (of a group chat)
    入群、退群 ― rùqún, tuìqún ― to join a group, to leave a group
    群裡的dalao們／群里的dalao们 ― qúnlǐ de dàlǎomen ― all the great masters in the group
    發錯群／发错群 ― fā cuò qún ― to post to the wrong group
* numerous; many
* Classifier for groups of people or animals: group of; flock of; herd of; pack of
* (Cantonese, often derogatory) to hang out with
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 群 (MC gjun)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (group of people): 幫子／帮子 (bāngzi), 伙 (huǒ)

### Compounds

* 一群 (yīqún)
* 不群
* 交群
* 人群 (rénqún)
* 佼佼不群
* 倜儻不群 / 倜傥不群
* 傲視群倫 / 傲视群伦
* 冠群
* 出群
* 出群拔萃
* 出類拔群 / 出类拔群
* 卓然不群
* 卓爾不群 / 卓尔不群 (zhuó'ěrbùqún)
* 卓爾出群 / 卓尔出群
* 卓絕群倫 / 卓绝群伦
* 博愛濟群 / 博爱济群
* 博覽群書 / 博览群书 (bólǎnqúnshū)
* 句群
* 合群 (héqún)
* 咬群
* 墓群 (mùqún, “cemetery”)
* 子群 (zǐqún, “subgroup”)
* 孢子囊群
* 害群之馬 / 害群之马 (hàiqúnzhīmǎ)
* 山群
* 廣群芳譜 / 广群芳谱
* 愛群 / 爱群
* 成群 (chéngqún)
* 拔群 (báqún)
* 拔群出萃
* 拔群出類 / 拔群出类
* 拔萃出群
* 挺拔不群
* 推群獨步 / 推群独步
* 敬業樂群 / 敬业乐群
* 族群 (zúqún)
* 星群 (xīngqún)
* 普濟群生 / 普济群生
* 李群 (lǐqún)
* 植物群落 (zhíwù qúnluò)
* 植群
* 樂群 / 乐群
* 機群 / 机群 (jīqún)
* 毛群 (máoqún)
* 波群
* 海水群飛 / 海水群飞
* 牧群 (mùqún)
* 狐群狗黨 / 狐群狗党 (húqún-gǒudǎng)
* 狗黨狐群 / 狗党狐群
* 獨立不群 / 独立不群
* 生物群聚
* 症候群 (zhènghòuqún)
* 矯矯不群 / 矫矫不群
* 空群
* 結黨聚群 / 结党聚群
* 結黨連群 / 结党连群
* 羊群 (yángqún)
* 群下
* 群倫 / 群伦
* 群像 (qúnxiàng)
* 群力 (qúnlì)
* 群口鑠金 / 群口铄金
* 群后
* 群小
* 群居 (qúnjū)
* 群屋
* 群山
* 群島 / 群岛 (qúndǎo)
* 群峰
* 群彥 / 群彦
* 群從 / 群从
* 群性
* 群情 (qúnqíng)
* 群架 (qúnjià)
* 群毆 / 群殴 (qún'ōu)
* 群波
* 群生 (qúnshēng)
* 群眾 / 群众 (qúnzhòng)
* 群策群力 (qúncèqúnlì)
* 群系
* 群組 / 群组 (qúnzǔ)
* 群經 / 群经 (qúnjīng)
* 群而不黨 / 群而不党 (qún'érbùdǎng)
* 群聚 (qúnjù)
* 群育
* 群舞 (qúnwǔ)
* 群芳 (qúnfāng)
* 群花 (qúnhuā)
* 群芳譜 / 群芳谱
* 群英 (qúnyīng)
* 群英會 / 群英会
* 群落 (qúnluò)
* 群蟻潰堤 / 群蚁溃堤
* 群蟻附羶 / 群蚁附羶
* 群論 / 群论 (qúnlùn)
* 群賢 / 群贤 (qúnxián)
* 群起 (qúnqǐ)
* 群輕折軸 / 群轻折轴
* 群輩 / 群辈
* 群辟
* 群醜 / 群丑
* 群間 / 群间
* 群雄 (qúnxióng)
* 群集 (qúnjí)
* 群雌粥粥
* 群雞一鶴 / 群鸡一鹤
* 群雨
* 群青 (qúnqīng)
* 群飛 / 群飞
* 群馬 / 群马 (Qúnmǎ)
* 群體 / 群体 (qúntǐ)
* 群魔亂舞 / 群魔乱舞 (qúnmóluànwǔ)
* 群黎
* 群龍無首 / 群龙无首 (qúnlóngwúshǒu)
* 胞子囊群
* 虎入羊群 (hǔrùyángqún)
* 虎蕩羊群 / 虎荡羊群
* 蜂群
* 語群 / 语群
* 豔冠群芳 / 艳冠群芳
* 豪邁不群 / 豪迈不群
* 超俗拔群
* 超然不群
* 超群 (chāoqún)
* 跌宕不群
* 軼群 / 轶群
* 軼群絕類 / 轶群绝类
* 逸群
* 逸群之才
* 逸群絕俗 / 逸群绝俗
* 逸群絕倫 / 逸群绝伦
* 遁世離群 / 遁世离群
* 邑犬群吠
* 鄭氏群虎 / 郑氏群虎
* 鑼群文化 / 锣群文化
* 隨群 / 随群
* 離群 / 离群 (líqún)
* 韻府群玉 / 韵府群玉
* 領先群倫 / 领先群伦
* 馬群 / 马群
* 魚群 / 鱼群 (yúqún, “school”)
* 鵝群帖 / 鹅群帖
* 鶻入鴉群 / 鹘入鸦群
* 鶴立雞群 / 鹤立鸡群 (hèlìjīqún)
* 鶴處雞群 / 鹤处鸡群
* 鷙鳥不群 / 鸷鸟不群
* 黨群 / 党群 (dǎngqún)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 群(ぐん) (gun)

### References

* “群”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐん (gun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: くん (kun)
* Kun: むれる (mureru, 群れる, Jōyō)、むら (mura, 群, Jōyō $^†$)、むれ (mure, 群れ, Jōyō)、むらがる (muragaru, 群がる)

#### Compounds

* 群島(ぐんとう) (guntō)
* 群雄(ぐんゆう) (gun'yū)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 群
* ぐん Grade: 4
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐん [gúꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

#### Noun

群(ぐん) • (gun)
* a group of people, animals, etc.
* (group theory) a group

#### Suffix

群(ぐん) • (-gun)
* group of people, animals, etc.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 群
* むら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 群 – see the following entry. :
| 【むら】 | [noun] 群, 叢, 簇: gathering, grouping [affix] 群, 叢, 簇: gathering, grouping Alternative spellings 叢, 簇 |
(This term, 群, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

群 (eumhun 무리 군 (muri gun))
* hanja form of 군 (“group, crowd, horde, herd, flock, folk, people, mob”)
* (무리질 군): to crowd, flock, gather, assemble
* (많을 군): multitude

### References

* ↑ Compare Japanese Kun 群れ (むれ, mure, "crowd").
* ↑ Compare Japanese Kun 群れる (むれる, mureru, "to crowd").

## Vietnamese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, quần): phonetic 君 (quân) + semantic 羊 (“sheep”).

### Han character

群: Hán Nôm readings: quần, còn, quằn, cơn
* chữ Nôm form of còn (“to exist; to preserve”).