# 脯

| 脯 | U+812F, &#33071; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-812F |
| ← 脮 [U+812E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 脰 → [U+8130] |

## Translingual
### Han character

脯 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月戈十月 (BIJB), four-corner 7322$_7$, composition ⿰⺼甫)

#### Derived characters

* 䔕, 䈻

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 985, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29543
* Dae Jaweon: page 1437, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2076, character 3
* Unihan data for U+812F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 豧 | *pʰoːs, *pʰa, *pʰas |
| 縛 | *baːɡs, *baɡ |
| 逋 | *paː |
| 餔 | *paː, *baːs |
| 晡 | *paː |
| 庯 | *paː |
| 陠 | *paː, *pʰaː |
| 鵏 | *paː, *baːs |
| 峬 | *paː |
| 誧 | *paː, *pʰaː, *pʰaːʔ, *pʰaːs |
| 秿 | *paː, *pʰa, *baʔ |
| 鯆 | *paː, *pʰaː, *paʔ |
| 補 | *paːʔ |
| 圃 | *paːʔ, *paːs |
| 鋪 | *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa |
| 痡 | *pʰaː, *pʰa |
| 浦 | *pʰaːʔ |
| 烳 | *pʰaːʔ |
| 溥 | *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ |
| 悑 | *pʰaːs |
| 酺 | *baː |
| 匍 | *baː |
| 蜅 | *baː, *paʔ |
| 脯 | *baː, *paʔ |
| 葡 | *baː |
| 蒱 | *baː |
| 蒲 | *baː |
| 簿 | *baːʔ, *baːɡ |
| 捕 | *baːs |
| 哺 | *baːs |
| 簠 | *pa, *paʔ, *pʰas |
| 甫 | *paʔ |
| 黼 | *paʔ |
| 莆 | *paʔ |
| 俌 | *paʔ, *pʰaʔ |
| 郙 | *paʔ, *pʰa |
| 傅 | *paɡs |
| 搏 | *paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ |
| 麱 | *pʰa |
| 尃 | *pʰa |
| 榑 | *ba |
| 輔 | *baʔ |
| 鬴 | *baʔ |
| 賻 | *baɡs |
| 博 | *paːɡ |
| 髆 | *paːɡ |
| 鎛 | *paːɡ |
| 猼 | *paːɡ |
| 餺 | *paːɡ |
| 簙 | *paːɡ |
| 鑮 | *paːɡ, *baːɡ |
| 欂 | *paːɡ, *baɡ, *breːɡ |
| 蒪 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 膊 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 薄 | *baːɡ |
| 礡 | *baːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baː, *paʔ): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pú (pu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pou$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phù
    (Hailu, HRS): pu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pou$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pô͘ / phô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pú
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pú
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^2$
*** Yale: pú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pou$^4$
*** Yale: pòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pou$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pô
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
*** Tâi-lô: pôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘
*** Tâi-lô: phôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoo
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /pʰɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phóu
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰou⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: pjuX
Rime :
| Character | 脯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 方矩切 |
| Baxter | pjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baː/, /*paʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 脯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p(r)aʔ/ |
| English | dried meat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 脯 | 脯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3438 | 3450 |
| Phonetic component | 甫 | 甫 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酺 | 甫 |
| Old Chinese | /*baː/ | /*paʔ/ |
| Notes | 原有草頭，今字省 | |

#### Definitions

脯
* chest; breast

#### Compounds

* 拍胸脯 (pāixiōngpú)
* 拔脯兒 / 拔脯儿
* 拔脯子
* 氣夯胸脯 / 气夯胸脯
* 胸脯 (xiōngpú)
* 脯子

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǔ (fu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^2$ / pou$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phú
    (Hailu, HRS): bu$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hū / buō
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hu$^3$ / bou$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hú / pó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^3$
*** Yale: fǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$ / pou$^2$
*** Yale: fú / póu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$ / pou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$ / pou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵/, /pʰou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phú
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hū / buō
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³³/, /puo³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hu$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hû
*** Sinological IPA : /hu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bou$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bô
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔu³³²/
* hu3 - literary;
* bou3 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: pjuX
Rime :
| Character | 脯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 方矩切 |
| Baxter | pjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baː/, /*paʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 脯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p(r)aʔ/ |
| English | dried meat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 脯 | 脯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3438 | 3450 |
| Phonetic component | 甫 | 甫 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酺 | 甫 |
| Old Chinese | /*baː/ | /*paʔ/ |
| Notes | 原有草頭，今字省 | |

#### Definitions

脯
* dried meat
* sun-dried candied fruit; preserved fruit

#### Compounds

* 杏脯 (xìngfǔ)
* 果脯 (guǒfǔ)
* 漏脯充饑 / 漏脯充饥
* 筍脯 / 笋脯
* 箑脯
* 肉山脯林
* 肉脯 (ròufǔ)
* 脩脯
* 脯資 / 脯资
* 脯醢
* 菜脯 (càifǔ)
* 豆脯
* 鹿脯

### References

* “脯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “脯”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 69.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふ (fu)、ぶ (bu)
* Kan-on: ふ (fu)、ほ (ho)
* Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
* Kun: ほじし (hojishi)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脯 (MC pjuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 포〯 (phwǒ) (Yale: phwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 脯 (eumhun 포 포 (po po))
* hanja form of 포 (“dried meat”)

#### Compounds

* 건포 (乾脯, geonpo)
* 우포 (牛脯, upo)
* 육포 (肉脯, yukpo)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.