OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# مکھی
## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆 (makkhiā), from Sanskrit मक्षिका (makṣikā). Cognate with Punjabi ਮੱਖੀ (makkhī).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mək.kʰiː/

### Noun

مَکّھی • (makkhī) f (Hindi spelling मक्खी)
* fly

#### Declension
### References

* “مکھی”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مکھی”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 604
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mákṣā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 554
# თოხი
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* თოჴი (toqi) — Imerkhevi, Ingilo, Khevsureti

### Etymology

From Old Georgian თოჴი (toqi), from Proto-Georgian-Zan *toq-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʰoχi]
* Hyphenation: თო‧ხი

### Noun

თოხი • (toxi) (plural თოხები)
* hoe (tool for working soil)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* თოხს მისცემს ხელში (toxs miscems xelši)
* თოხს მოჰკიდებს ხელს (toxs mohḳidebs xels)

#### Descendants

* → Avar: тухна (tuxna) (dialectal)
* → Armenian: թոխի (tʻoxi) — Lori
* → Azerbaijani: toxa (dialectal)
* → Bats: თოჴ (toq)
* → Bezhta: тохъи (toqxi), тоъхъи (toʔqxi)
* → Hinukh: тохъи (toqi)
* → Hunzib: тохъи (toqi)
* → Khvarshi: тухна (tuxna)
* → Rutul: туха (tuꭓa)
* → Tsez: тохъи (toqi)
* → Udi: тохи (toꭓi) (dialectal)

### Further reading

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “თოხი”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press

## Laz
### Alternative forms

* თორხი (torxi) — Vitse

### Etymology

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *toq-.

### Noun

თოხი • (toxi) (plural თოხეფე)
* hoe
    Synonyms: ბერგი (bergi), ჩაფა (çapa)

### Further reading

* Bucaklişi, İsmail Avcı, Uzunhasanoğlu, Hasan, Aleksiva, Irfan (2007) “toxi”, in Büyük Lazca Sözlük / Didi Lazuri Nenapuna [Great Laz Dictionary] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Chiviyazıları, page 907a
* Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 795
* Marr, N. (1910) “თოხი”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Chan (Laz) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 148a
* Tandilava, Ali (2013) “თოხი”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni [Laz Dictionary]‎, online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi
# go-away bird
## English
### Alternative forms

* go-away-bird

### Etymology

Onomatopoeic from the sound of its call.

### Noun

go-away bird (plural go-away birds)
* Any of three African species of turaco of the genus Crinifer.
** (South Africa) A bird of the species Crinifer concolor

#### Synonyms

* (Crinifer concolor): grey lourie, grey loerie, grey go-away bird

#### Derived terms

* bare-faced go-away bird (Crinifer personatus)
* grey go-away bird (Crinifer concolor)
* white-bellied go-away bird (Crinifer leucogaster)

#### Translations
### See also

* quare

### References

* Crinifer concolor on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Crinifer concolor on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Crinifer concolor on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# vaxa
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* gaxa, vaixa, varxa

### Etymology

Apparently from Latin *vagina, from vagīna. Doublet of vaíña. Compare also Portuguese vagem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaʃɐ]

### Noun

vaxa f (plural vaxas)
* pod (a seed case for legumes)
    Synonyms: cornello, vaíña

#### Related terms

* esvaxar

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “vaxa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “vaxa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “vaxa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvaksa/
* IPA: /ˈvaxsa/
    Rhymes: -axsa

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse vaxa, from Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg-.

#### Verb

vaxa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative óx, third-person plural past indicative uxu, supine vaxið)
* to grow

##### Derived terms

* peningar vaxa ekki á trjám

### Etymology 2

From the noun vax (“wax”).

#### Verb

vaxa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative vaxaði, supine vaxað)
* to wax (apply wax to)

##### Conjugation
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg- (“to increase, enlarge”).

### Verb

vaxa (singular past indicative óx, plural past indicative óxu, past participle vaxinn)
* to grow, increase

#### Related terms

* vǫxtr m

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: vaxa
* Faroese: vaksa, veksa
* Norwegian Nynorsk: veksa, vekse
* Old Swedish: vaxa, væxa
** Swedish: växa
* Old Danish: waxæ
** Danish: vokse
*** Norwegian Bokmål: vokse
* Gutnish: vaksa

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “vaxa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Swedish
### Verb

vaxa (present vaxar, preterite vaxade, supine vaxat, imperative vaxa)
* to wax, to apply wax to something, usually to make the surface shiny
* to wax, to remove hair by applying wax

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Related terms

* vaxning

### References

* vaxa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* vaxa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* vaxa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# носић
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From нос +‎ -ић.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nǒsit͡ɕ/
* Hyphenation: но‧сић

### Noun

но̀сић m (Latin spelling nòsić)
* diminutive of нос

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “носић”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# երաժիշտ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian երաժիշտ (eražišt).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jeɾɑˈʒiʃt/, [jeɾɑʒíʃt]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jeɾɑˈʒiʃd/, [jeɾɑʒíʃt]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

երաժիշտ • (eražišt)
* musician

#### Related terms

* երաժշտություն (eražštutʻyun)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Parthian *ražišt, from Proto-Iranian *raǰišta-. Compare Sanskrit रज्यति (rajyati, “to be affected with a strong feeling”).

### Noun

երաժիշտ • (eražišt)
* musician, composer
    երաժիշտքն ― eražištkʻn ― the Muses
* music

#### Derived terms

* ամեներաժշտեան (ameneražštean)
* աներաժիշտ (aneražišt)
* աներաժշտագոյն (aneražštagoyn)
* աներաժշտականութիւն (aneražštakanutʻiwn)
* աներաժշտութիւն (aneražštutʻiwn)
* երաժշտաբար (eražštabar)
* երաժշտագործեմ (eražštagorcem)
* երաժշտակ (eražštak)
* երաժշտական (eražštakan)
* երաժշտականութիւն (eražštakanutʻiwn)
* երաժշտանամ (eražštanam)
* երաժշտապետ (eražštapet)
* երաժշտացուցանեմ (eražštacʻucʻanem)
* երաժշտեմ (eražštem)
* երաժշտութիւն (eražštutʻiwn)
* քաջերաժշտական (kʻaǰeražštakan)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: երաժիշտ (eražišt)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “երաժիշտ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “երաժիշտ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “երաժիշտ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Perixanjan, A. G. (1993) Материалы к этимологическому словарю древнеармянского языка. Часть I [Materials for the Etymological Dictionary of the Old Armenian Language. Part 1]‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 62
# deprecated
## English
### Etymology

From Latin dēprecātus, past participle of dēprecor (“to pray against (a present or impending evil), pray for, intercede for (that which is in danger), rarely imprecate”), from de (“off”) + precor (“to pray”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈdɛp.ɹɪ.keɪ.tɪd/, /ˈdɛp.ɹə.keɪ.tɪd/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈdɛp.ɹɪ.keɪ.tɪd/, [ˈdɛp.ɹɪ.keɪ.ɾɪd], /ˈdɛp.ɹə.keɪ.tɪd/, [ˈdɛp.ɹə.keɪ.ɾɪd]
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈdep.ɹɪ.kæɪ.tɪd/, [ˈdep.ɹɪ.kæɪ.ɾɪd], /ˈdep.ɹə.kæɪ.tɪd/, [ˈdep.ɹə.kæɪ.ɾɪd]

### Adjective

deprecated (comparative more deprecated, superlative most deprecated)
* Strongly disapproved of.
** 1926, H. W. Fowler, A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, page 679:But much more to be deprecated than all the particular departures from idiom already mentioned is the growing notion that every monosyllabic adjective, if an adverb is to be made of it, must have a -ly clapped on to it to proclaim the fact.
* Belittled; insulted.
* (computing) Said of a function or feature planned to be phased out, but still available for use.
    Synonyms: on its way out, obsolescent; see also Thesaurus:obsolete
    Foo has been deprecated; it outputs a debug message and then calls Foo2
    Note that deprecated functions are not removed yet.
** 1999, Dave Raggett, et. al., “Conformance: requirements and recommendations”, in HTML 4.01 Specification‎, W3C:A deprecated element or attribute is one that has been outdated by newer constructs.
** 2002, Steven E. Callihan, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) by Example:Just because an element or attribute is deprecated doesn't mean that it can't be used on a webpage.

#### Derived terms

* nondeprecated

#### Related terms

* deprecation
* undeprecated

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

deprecated
* simple past and past participle of deprecate
# თხევადი ბუნებრივი გაზი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʰχevadi b̥unebɾivi ɡ̊azi]
* Hyphenation: თხე‧ვა‧დი ბუ‧ნებ‧რი‧ვი გა‧ზი

### Noun

თხევადი ბუნებრივი გაზი • (txevadi bunebrivi gazi) (plural თხევადი ბუნებრივი გაზები)
* liquid natural gas

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# Wallasey
## English
### Etymology

From Old English wealh (“Celt; Welsh”) + -s- + īeġ (“island”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /wɒləsi/

### Proper noun

Wallasey
* A town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England (OS grid ref SJ3092).

#### Related terms

* Wales

### References

* ↑ "Key to English Place Names". Key to English Place Names- Worth Kent. University of Nottingham.

### Anagrams

* sell away
# ваха
## Ingush
### Etymology

Akin to Chechen даха (daxa).

### Verb

ваха • (vaxa)
* to live
* to dwell

## Russian
### Etymology

Shortening of Вархаммер (Varxammer), transliteration of English Warhammer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvaxə]

### Proper noun

ва́ха • (váxa) f inan (genitive ва́хи)
* (slang, fandom slang) Warhammer 40,000, a British tabletop military game set in a dystopian future Galaxy torn by war.
    ва́ха фан-а́рт, ва́ха фанфи́кváxa fan-árt, váxa fanfíkWarhammer 40,000 fanart, Warhammer 40,000 fanfiction
* (slang, fandom slang, by extension) Warhammer Fantasy, a British tabletop military game set in a dystopian mediaeval fantasy world.
* (slang, fandom slang, by extension) Warhammer Age of Sigmar, a British tabletop fantasy game set after Warhammer Fantasy in a mythological setting.

#### Coordinate terms

* ао́с (aós, “AoS, Age of Sigmar”) (used more often for that game than the full name)
* космодеса́нт (kosmodesánt, “a Space Marine, a superhuman warrior”)
* орк (ork, “Ork, a monstrous barbarian warrior”)
* ха́ос (xáos, “Chaos, demonic entities and antagonists”)

#### Derived terms

* вахофил (vaxofil) (someone who is a fan of Warhammer)
# sạu
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Cognate with Muong khãu. Compare Eastern Katu [An Diem] paroː (“rice, corn”).

### Pronounce

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [saw˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂaw˨˩ʔ] ~ [saw˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂa(ː)w˨˩˨] ~ [sa(ː)w˨˩˨]

### Noun

(classifier cân, trấy) sạu
* (North Central Vietnam) corn, maize
    Synonyms: (Northern Vietnam) ngô, (Southern Vietnam) bắp
** 2010, Nguyễn Tú, Văn hóa dân gian Quảng Bình [Folkloric culture of Quảng Bình], volume 2, Hanoi: National University of Hanoi Publisher, page 383:Nam ra (gió Lào) cho sạu héo cờ, em sanh sau đẻ muộn chẳng cậy nhờ được ai.

#### Derived terms

* sạu Mỹ
* sạu rang bơ
# סניף
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsnif/

### Noun

סְנִיף • (snif) m (plural indefinite סְנִיפִים, singular construct סְנִיף־)
* branch (one location of an organization)

### References

* “סניף” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# черке
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian церковь (cerkovʹ). Compare Western Mari церкӹ (cerkÿ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ɕeɾ.ke/
* Rhymes: -eɾke
* Hyphenation: чер‧ке

### Noun

черке • (čerke)
* church

#### Declension
### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “черке”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
# ヴォッカ
## Ainu
### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka).

### Noun

ヴォッカ • (votka)
* (Kuril, North Kuril) wine

### References

   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ヴォッカ [vóꜜkkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [bo̞k̚ka̠]

### Noun

ヴォッカ • (vokka)
* Alternative form of ウォッカ (“vodka”)
# იაპონია
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Япония (Japonija), from Latin Iaponia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iapʼonia]
* Hyphenation: ია‧პო‧ნია
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

იაპონია • (iaṗonia)
* Japan (a country in Asia)

#### Derived terms

* იაპონური (iaṗonuri)
* იაპონელი (iaṗoneli)
# 髮髻
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàjì, fǎjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˋ ㄐㄧˋ, ㄈㄚˇ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faat$^3$ gai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˋ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàjì
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^4$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: fà-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fahjih
*** Palladius: фацзи (faczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎjì
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^3$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: fǎ-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faajih
*** Palladius: фацзи (faczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$法紀 / 法纪 髮髻 / 发髻
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faat$^3$ gai$^3$
*** Yale: faat gai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faat$^8$ gai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fad$^3$ gei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːt̚³ kɐi̯³³/

### Noun

髮髻
* hair worn in a bun or coil; bun

#### Synonyms

* (Gan) 䯲䯲腦／䯲䯲脑
* (Hokkien) 頭摠／头摠
* (Huizhou, Wu) 頭髻／头髻
* (Wu) 頭髮團／头发团
* (Xiang) 巴巴頭／巴巴头
# Tamilness
## English
### Etymology

From Tamil +‎ -ness.

### Noun

Tamilness (uncountable)
* The quality or state of being Tamil.
** 2023, V. V. Ganeshananthan, Brotherless Night, Viking, page 112:How lost they looked, some obedient and some merely confused, each boy alone, each boy likely a stranger to the one behind him and the one in front of him, except in their common Tamilness.

### Anagrams

* Silent Sam, saltmines, melanists, maltiness, Matlinses, smaltines, salt mines, silent Sam, Simentals
# espuela
## Spanish
### Etymology

From early espuera, from Gothic *𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (*spaura), from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sper-, *sperw- (“to twitch, push, fidget, be quick”).
Cognate of English spur; see also Old Norse spori and Old High German sporo

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈpwela/ [esˈpwe.la]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ela
* Syllabification: es‧pue‧la

### Noun

espuela f (plural espuelas)
* spur (implement for purpose of prodding a horse)
* wishbone
    Synonym: espoleta
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 262:Cuando se come gallina, aquel a quien toca el hueso de la pechuga llamado espuela, invita a su vecino o a otro de los comensales, a partirlo, tirando cada uno de un extremo, para averiguar cuál de los dos se casará primero, que será aquél al cual toque la parte más grande, despues de dividido el hueso.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* calzar la espuela
* calzarse la espuela
* dar de espuela
* espolazo
* espolique
* espolón
* espuela de caballero
* espuela de galán
* mozo de espuela
* sapo de espuelas
* sentir la espuela

### Further reading

* “espuela”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ברזים
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /bʁaˈzim/

### Noun

בְּרָזִים • (brazim)
* plural indefinite form of בֶּרֶז (bérez)‎
# エトゥピㇼカ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* エト゚ピㇼカ (Hokkaido)

### Noun

エトゥピㇼカ • (etupirka)
* (Kuril) Gavia birds
* tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata, crested puffin)
* (Kuril, South Kuril) puffin

### References

   * DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# nevině
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɛvɪɲɛ]

### Noun

nevině
* dative/locative singular of nevina
# იაპონისტიკა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iapʼonistʼikʼa]
* Hyphenation: ია‧პო‧ნის‧ტი‧კა

### Noun

იაპონისტიკა • (iaṗonisṭiḳa) (uncountable)
* (humanities) Japanese studies, Japanology
    Synonym: იაპონოლოგია (iaṗonologia)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# commotion
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French commocion, from Latin commōtiōnem, accusative singular of commōtiō, from commoveō +‎ -tiō.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /kəˈməʊ.ʃən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /kəˈmoʊ.ʃən/
* Rhymes: -əʊʃən

### Noun

commotion (countable and uncountable, plural commotions)
* A state of turbulent motion.
* An agitated disturbance or a hubbub.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 97–98:It would seem as if calm were necessary to convulsion; for the tranquillity of the last few months was again to be disturbed by political commotion.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.
* (euphemistic) Sexual excitement.
** 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:and now, glancing my eyes towards that part of his dress which cover'd the essential object of enjoyment, I plainly discover'd the swell and commotion there

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:commotion

#### Derived terms

* commotion lotion
* commotional

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

commotion f (plural commotions)
* a violent collision or shock; concussion
* shock, surprise

#### Derived terms

* commotion cérébrale

### Further reading

* “commotion”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# bumagsak
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From bagsak +‎ -um-.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /bumaɡˈsak/ [bʊ.mɐɡˈsak̚]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: bu‧mag‧sak

### Verb

bumagsák (complete bumagsak, progressive bumabagsak, contemplative babagsak, 1st actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜋᜄ᜔ᜐᜃ᜔)
* to fall
    Bumagsak ang puno.The tree fell.
* to have a failing grade; to fail in school
    Synonym: (colloquial) mangalabasa
* complete aspect of bumagsak

#### Related terms

* ibagsak
* mabagsakan
# přihodit
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech přihoditi. By surface analysis, při- +‎ hodit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpr̝̊ɪɦoɟɪt]

### Verb

přihodit pf (imperfective přiházet or přihazovat)
* to throw in, to add
* (reflexive with se) to happen, to occur
    Synonyms: stát se, udát se

#### Conjugation

infinitive
přihodit, přihoditi
active adjective
přihodivší
verbal noun
přihození
passive adjective
přihozený
present formsindicativeimperative
singularpluralsingularplural
1st person
přihodímpřihodíme—přihoďme
2nd person
přihodíšpřihodítepřihoďpřihoďte
3rd person
přihodípřihodí——
The verb přihodit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
participlespast participlespassive participles
singularpluralsingularplural
masculine animate
přihodilpřihodilipřihozenpřihozeni
masculine inanimate
přihodilypřihozeny
feminine
přihodilapřihozena
neuter
přihodilopřihodilapřihozenopřihozena
transgressives
present
past
masculine singular
—přihodiv
feminine + neuter singular
—přihodivši
plural
—přihodivše :

#### Related terms

* příhoda

### Further reading

* “přihoditi”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “přihoditi”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “přihodit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# פרדיגמה
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Late Latin paradīgma, from Ancient Greek παράδειγμα (parádeigma, “pattern”).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /paʁaˈdiɡma/

### Noun

פָּרָדִיגְמָה • (paradígma) f
* a paradigm
# ярсыме
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

From ярсаш (jarsaš) +‎ -ме (-me).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɑɾ.sə.me/
* Rhymes: -ɑɾsəme
* Hyphenation: яр‧сы‧ме

### Adjective

ярсыме • (jarsyme) (not comparable)
* free, off (of work, obligations, etc.)

#### Declension
### Participle

ярсыме • (jarsyme)
* passive participle of ярсаш (jarsaš)

#### Derived terms

* ярсыме кече (jarsyme keče)

#### Related terms

* ярсаш (jarsaš)

### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ярсыме”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
# エト゚ピㇼカ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* エトゥピㇼカ (Kuril, North Kuril)

### Etymology

エト゚ (etu, “nose”) +‎ ピリカ (pirika, “good”)

### Noun

エト゚ピㇼカ • (etupirka)
* (Hokkaido) a tufted puffin

#### Descendants

* Japanese: エトピリカ (etopirika)
# avunculate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin avunculus (“uncle”).

### Noun

avunculate (plural avunculates)
* (anthropology) The relationship between a man and his sister's children, generally her sons.
* (anthropology) Among certain tribal peoples, for example, the Korowai, a special relationship between a man and a maternal uncle, and the mutual responsibilities between them.

#### Translations
### Adjective

avunculate (not comparable)
* Pertaining to a society where the avunculate is of central importance.
    avunculate society
* Pertaining to a marriage to one's aunt, uncle, niece or nephew.
    avunculate marriage

#### Related terms

* avuncular