# push
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English pushen, poshen, posson, borrowed from Middle French pousser (Modern French pousser) from Old French poulser, from Latin pulsare (“to beat, strike”), frequentative of pellere (past participle pulsus). Doublet of pulsate and pulse (verb). Partly displaced native Old English sċūfan, whence Modern English shove.

#### Pronunciation

* enPR: po͝osh, IPA: /pʊʃ/
** Audio (US):(file) IPA: [pʷʊʃ]
* (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /pʉʃ/
* (Appalachia) IPA: [puʃ]
* Rhymes: -ʊʃ

#### Verb

push (third-person singular simple present pushes, present participle pushing, simple past and past participle pushed)
* (transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.
    Synonyms: press, shove, thring, thrutch
    Antonyms: draw, pull, tug
    In his anger he pushed me against the wall and threatened me.
    You need to push quite hard to get this door open.
* (transitive) To continually attempt to persuade (a person) into a particular course of action.
    Synonyms: press, urge; see also Thesaurus:incite
** December 7, 1710, Jonathan Swift, The Examiner, Number 18
    We are pushed for an answer.
** December 22, 1711, letter to The Spectator
    Ambition […] pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honour and reputation to the actor.
* (transitive) To press or urge forward; to drive.
    Synonyms: drive, force
    to push an objection too far; to push one's luck
** 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, stanza 133:to push his fortune
* (transitive) To continually promote (a point of view, a product for sale, etc.).
    Synonyms: advertise, promote
    Stop pushing the issue — I'm not interested.
    They're pushing that perfume again.
    There were two men hanging around the school gates today, pushing drugs.
** 1982 December 11, Frances Russell, “Economic performance buoys Pawley’s position”, in The Vancouver Sun (The Weekend Sun), Vancouver, BC, page A6:Earlier the premier had rejected outright suggestions, apparently being pushed by up to a third of the government’s 33-member caucus, that the government forget the deficit and launch a major public initiative to stimulate the economy.
* (intransitive) To continually exert oneself in order to achieve a goal.
** 2016, JoAnneh Nagler, How to be an artist without losing your mind, your shirt, or your creative compass, →ISBN, page 91:Don't think that if you keep pushing harder and harder, it will make you succeed faster or earn more.
* (informal, transitive, usually in present participle) To approach; to come close to.
    Synonyms: approach, near
    My old car is pushing 250,000 miles.
    He's pushing sixty. ― He's nearly sixty years old.
** 2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Jon Kung, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend‎, HTSI, page 77:“I'm pushing 40 and on TikTok,” he says. “I feel old every day.”
* (intransitive) To tense the muscles in the abdomen in order to give birth or defecate.
    Synonyms: bear down; see also Thesaurus:defecate
    During childbirth, there are times when the obstetrician advises the woman not to push.
* (intransitive) To continue to attempt to persuade a person into a particular course of action.
* To make a higher bid at an auction.
* (poker) To make an all-in bet.
* (chess, transitive) To move (a pawn) directly forward.
* (computing) To add (a data item) to the top of a stack.
    Antonym: pop
** 1992, Michael A. Miller, The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications, page 47:When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.
* (computing) To publish (an update, etc.) by transmitting it to other computers.
** 2002, Lars Powers, Mike Snell, Visual Basic Programmer's Guide to the .NET Framework Class Library, page 968:Because this version of the Windows Installer is aware of the GAC, it has the capability to publish components into it. […] You can manually or programmatically push an assembly into the GAC by using the command-line tool Gacutil.exe.
* (obsolete) To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 21:32:If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, […] the ox shall be stoned.
* To burst out of its pot, as a bud or shoot.
* (snooker) To strike the cue ball in such a way that it stays in contact with the cue and object ball at the same time (a foul shot).

##### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete.

##### Derived terms

* push along
* push around
* push aside
* push away
* push back
* push down
* push forward
* push in
* push off
* push on
* push out
* push over
* push past
* push through
* push together
* push under
* push up
* push up against
* push up on
* push against an open door
* push-and-pull
* pushbike, push-bike
* push button, push-button, pushbutton
* push daisies
* pusher
* pushful
* push into the long grass
* push-me-I-push-you
* push notification
* push one's luck
* push one's way in
* pushover
* push-pull
* push rope
* push shit uphill
* push shot
* push someone's buttons
* push string uphill
* push the boat out
* push the edge of the envelope, push the envelope
* push the limit
* push the right buttons
* push-to-talk
* push-to-transmit
* push-up
* push up daisies
* push up the daisies
* push water uphill
* pushy
* too posh to push

##### Related terms

* pedal pushers
* push it

##### Translations
#### Noun

push (countable and uncountable, plural pushes)
* A short, directed application of force; an act of pushing.
    Give the door a hard push if it sticks.
* An act of tensing the muscles of the abdomen in order to expel its contents.
    One more push and the baby will be out.
* A great effort (to do something).
    Some details got lost in the push to get the project done.
    Let's give one last push on our advertising campaign.
** 2022 February 9, E. Parpart, N. Patanasophon, “Activists push for new ammendment that would give marital rights for all”, in Thai Enquirer‎, retrieved 2022-02-09:The push to amend the Civil and Commercial Code on marriage is expected to enter parliament on Wednesday. The amendment would allow same-sex marriage […]
* An attempt to persuade someone into a particular course of action.
* (figurative) A force that impels or pressures one to act.
** 1984 April 7, “Mousie Mousie Wildflower (personal advertisement)”, in Gay Community News, page 14:I guess it's just the special curse of working under deadline's push
* (military) A marching or drill maneuver/manoeuvre performed by moving a formation (especially a company front) forward or toward the audience, usually to accompany a dramatic climax or crescendo in the music.
* A wager that results in no loss or gain for the bettor as a result of a tie or even score
* (computing) The addition of a data item to the top of a stack.
* (Internet, uncountable) The situation where a server sends data to a client without waiting for a request.
    server push; a push technology
* (slang, UK, obsolete, now chiefly Australia) A particular crowd or throng or people.
** 1891, Banjo Paterson, An Evening in Dandaloo:Till some wild, excited person Galloped down the township cursing, "Sydney push have mobbed Macpherson, Roll up, Dandaloo!"
** 1994, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 37:My father […] was soon as unambiguously Australian as any other member of the rough Rugby pushes that in the years before the Great War made up the mixed and liverly world of South Brisbane.
* (snooker) A push shot.
* (professional wrestling slang) An attempt to give momentum to a wrestler's career in the form of victories and/or more screen time.
* A push-button, such as a bell push.
** 1952 February, “New Third Class Sleeping Cars”, in Railway Magazine, page 87:A bell circuit, fed from the train lighting battery, is connected to a push in each berth and functions in conjunction with a luminous indicator mounted over the door and in association with a cancellation push, for use by the car attendant.

##### Derived terms

* at a push
* bed push
* bell push
* bellpush
* cost-push inflation
* get the push
* give someone the push
* push and shove
* push bike
* push broom
* push bunt
* push dagger
* push factor
* push money
* push moraine
* push mow, push mower
* push net
* push-penny
* push pin, push-pin
* push poll/push-poll, push polling/push-polling
* push present
* push-pull amplifier
* push rim
* push scooter
* push-scrolling
* push-start
* push-through
* push time
* push wood
* ridge push
* server push
* wage-push inflation
* when push comes to shove

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Probably French poche. See pouch.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʊʃ/, /pʌʃ/

#### Noun

push (plural pushes)
* (obsolete, UK, dialect) A pustule; a pimple.
** 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Praise:a Push rise upon his Nose

### References

* ↑ Brandes, Paul D., and Jeutonne Brewer. 1977. Dialect clash in America: Issues and answers. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “push”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “push”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* PHUs, Phus, shup

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *puša, from *puksja, from Proto-Indo-European *pewk- (“covered with hair, bushy”). Related to Sanskrit पुच्छ (púccha, “tail”), Proto-Slavic *puxъ (“down”).

### Noun

push m (plural pusha, definite pushi, definite plural pushat)
* light hair, fluff, down, nap, pile

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 85

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English push, via 推 (teoi$^1$, “to bump a thread in support”, literally “to push”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰuʃ⁵⁵/

### Verb

push
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang) to bump a thread in support

#### Synonyms

* 推 (teoi$^1$), pish

#### Antonyms

* pull, 拉

#### See also

* English: age