# 節約
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiéyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zit$^3$ joek$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chiet-yok
    (Hailu, HRS): zied rhog
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeh$^6$ yoh$^6$ / zeh$^6$ yeh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiat-iok / chiat-iak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zag$^4$ iag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiéyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiéyue
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: jyé-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyeiue
*** Palladius: цзеюэ (czejue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zit$^3$ joek$^3$
*** Yale: jit yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzit$^8$ joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jid$^3$ yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːt̚³ jœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiet-yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: jied$^ˋ$ iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiad$^5$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯et̚² i̯ok̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiet-yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: jied$^ˋ$ (r)iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiad$^5$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯et̚² (j)i̯ok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zied rhog
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡siet⁵⁻² ʒok⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zeh$^6$ yoh$^6$ [Phonetic: zeh$^4$ yoh$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceh-io̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛʔ¹⁻⁴² yɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zeh$^6$ yeh$^6$ [Phonetic: zeh$^7$ yeh$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛʔ²⁻²⁴ yøʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-iok
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-iok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciat'iog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-iak
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-iak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciat'iag
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ iak̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zag$^4$ iag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsak iak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ iak̚²/

### Verb

節約
* to economise; to conserve (resources)
    節約用水／节约用水 ― jiéyuē yòngshuǐ ― to conserve water

#### Synonyms

* 節省／节省 (jiéshěng)
* 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)

#### Antonyms

* 浪費／浪费 (làngfèi)

### Adjective

節約
* frugal; thrifty; economical
    勤儉節約／勤俭节约 ― qínjiǎn jiéyuē ― hardworking and thrifty

#### Synonyms

* 仔細 / 仔细 (zǐxì) (Northeastern Mandarin)
* 做人家 (Wu)
* 儉 / 俭 (jiǎn) (Hsinchu & Taichung Hokkien)
* 儉樸 / 俭朴 (jiǎnpǔ) (thrifty and simple)
* 儉省 / 俭省 (jiǎnshěng)
* 儉約 / 俭约 (jiǎnyuē) (literary)
* 克己 (kèjǐ)
* 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
* 抾拾 (Hokkien)
* 樸素 / 朴素 (pǔsù)
* 省儉 / 省俭 (shěngjiǎn)
* 節儉 / 节俭 (jiéjiǎn)
* 節省 / 节省 (jiéshěng)
* 簡省 / 简省 (Hokkien)
* 粒積 / 粒积 (Hokkien)
* 𧺤儉 / 𧺤俭 (Hokkien)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 節 | 約 |
| せつ Grade: 4 | やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 節約 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

節(せつ)約(やく) • (setsuyaku)
* frugality
** 1935, 宮本百合子, 乳房:
    節約(せつやく)で、台所(だいどころ)の灯(ひ)はつけてない。
       Setsuyaku de, daidokoro no hi wa tsuketenai.
       To save money, I don't light the lamp in the kitchen.

### Verb

節(せつ)約(やく)する • (setsuyaku suru) suru (stem 節(せつ)約(やく)し (setsuyaku shi), past 節(せつ)約(やく)した (setsuyaku shita))
* economize

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 節約し | せつやくし | setsuyaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 節約し | せつやくし | setsuyaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 節約する | せつやくする | setsuyaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 節約する | せつやくする | setsuyaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 節約すれ | せつやくすれ | setsuyaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 節約せよ¹ 節約しろ² | せつやくせよ¹ せつやくしろ² | setsuyaku seyo¹ setsuyaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 節約される | せつやくされる | setsuyaku sareru |
| Causative | 節約させる 節約さす | せつやくさせる せつやくさす | setsuyaku saseru setsuyaku sasu |
| Potential | 節約できる | せつやくできる | setsuyaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 節約しよう | せつやくしよう | setsuyaku shiyō |
| Negative | 節約しない | せつやくしない | setsuyaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 節約せず | せつやくせず | setsuyaku sezu |
| Formal | 節約します | せつやくします | setsuyaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 節約した | せつやくした | setsuyaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 節約して | せつやくして | setsuyaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 節約すれば | せつやくすれば | setsuyaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||