# 殖

| 殖 | U+6B96, &#27542; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B96 |
| ← 殕 [U+6B95] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 殗 → [U+6B97] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 殖 |
| Simplified | 殖 |
| Japanese | 殖 |
| Korean | 殖 |

### Han character

殖 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一弓十月一 (MNJBM), four-corner 1421$_6$, composition ⿰歹直)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 581, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16502
* Dae Jaweon: page 974, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1388, character 10
* Unihan data for U+6B96

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 置 | *tɯɡs |
| 值 | *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ |
| 植 | *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 埴 | *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 惪 | *tɯːɡ |
| 德 | *tɯːɡ |
| 稙 | *tɯɡ |
| 淔 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 直 | *dɯɡ |
| 犆 | *dɯɡ |
| 殖 | *djɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯɡ): semantic 歹 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhí, shi (zhi$^2$, shi$^5$／shi$^0$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ, ˙ㄕ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zet$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): chid$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ced$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sia̍k / se̍k / si̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg$^4$ / sig$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jig$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$
*** Yale: jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shi
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^5$
*** Yale: shr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .shy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$
*** Yale: jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zet$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡set̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chid$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ced$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeh$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /siʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
*** Tâi-lô: si̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sek
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
*** Tâi-lô: si̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sit
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /sit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêg$^4$ / sig$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek / si̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /sek̚²/, /sik̚⁴/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: jig$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sik̚⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhr$^6$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡sz̩²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit殖 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁰/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sz̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/ ～民地 /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ 骨～ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡səʔ⁴³/ ～民地 /t͡sʰə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ 骨～ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰət̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sek̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sik̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sik̚⁵/ /sit̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡si²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzyik
Rime :
| Character | 殖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 常職切 |
| Baxter | dzyik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tək/, /*m-tək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殖 | 殖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhí | zhí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyik › | ‹ dzyik › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-tək/ | /*m-tək/ |
| English | grow, flourish (v.) | plant (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17272 |
| Phonetic component | 直 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寔 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

殖
* to breed; to reproduce; to spawn; to increase

### Compounds

* 人工繁殖
* 人工養殖 / 人工养殖
* 兩性生殖 / 两性生殖
* 冷水養殖 / 冷水养殖
* 出芽生殖
* 分株繁殖
* 分裂生殖
* 單養養殖 / 单养养殖
* 墾殖 / 垦殖 (kěnzhí)
* 外生殖器 (wàishēngzhíqì)
* 孤雌生殖 (gūcí shēngzhí)
* 學殖 / 学殖
* 封殖
* 拓殖 (tuòzhí)
* 接合生殖
* 有性生殖 (yǒuxìng shēngzhí)
* 有性繁殖
* 根蘗繁殖
* 次殖民地
* 殖利
* 殖殖
* 殖毛劑 / 殖毛剂
* 殖民 (zhímín)
* 殖民主義 / 殖民主义 (zhímín zhǔyì)
* 殖民地 (zhímíndì)
* 殖民政府
* 殖民政策
* 殖民教育
* 殖穀 / 殖谷
* 殖貨 / 殖货
* 水產養殖 / 水产养殖 (shuǐchǎn yǎngzhí)
* 淡水養殖 / 淡水养殖
* 無性生殖 / 无性生殖 (wúxìng shēngzhí)
* 無配生殖 / 无配生殖
* 生殖 (shēngzhí)
* 生殖器 (shēngzhíqì)
* 生殖器官 (shēngzhí qìguān)
* 生殖腺 (shēngzhíxiàn)
* 異配生殖 / 异配生殖
* 箱網養殖 / 箱网养殖
* 繁殖 (fánzhí)
* 腐殖質 / 腐殖质 (fǔzhízhì)
* 葉塊繁殖 / 叶块繁殖
* 蕃殖 (fánzhí)
* 裂殖菌
* 裂片生殖
* 豐殖 / 丰殖
* 貝類養殖 / 贝类养殖
* 貨殖 / 货殖 (huòzhí)
* 養殖 / 养殖 (yǎngzhí)
* 養殖場 / 养殖场 (yǎngzhíchǎng)
* 養殖漁業 / 养殖渔业
* 骨殖
* 骨殖匣

### References

* “殖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “殖”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 212.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to rot
* to increase

#### Readings

* Go-on: じき (jiki)
* Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)
* Kun: ふえる (fueru, 殖える, Jōyō)、ふやす (fuyasu, 殖やす, Jōyō)、くさる (kusaru, 殖る)

#### Compounds

* 腐殖
* 生殖
* 増殖
* 拓殖
* 繁殖
* 殖産

## Korean
### Hanja

殖 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

殖: Hán Nôm readings: thực
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.