# 格言
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): géyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaak$^3$ jin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiet-ngièn / kiat-ngiàn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiak-giân / kek-giân / kek-gân / keh-giân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: géyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: géyán
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^2$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: gé-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geryan
*** Palladius: гэянь (gɛjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaak$^3$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: gaak yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaak$^8$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gag$^3$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːk̚³ jiːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet-ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gied$^ˋ$ ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giad$^5$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚² ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat-ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: giad$^ˋ$ ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giad$^5$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚² ŋi̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiak-giân
*** Tâi-lô: kiak-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiakgieen
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-giân
*** Tâi-lô: kik-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kekgieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-gân
*** Tâi-lô: kik-gân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kekgaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keh-giân
*** Tâi-lô: keh-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kehgieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ke(ʔ)⁵ ɡiɛn²⁴/

### Noun

格言
* proverb; saying; maxim
    《庭訓格言》／《庭训格言》 ― “tíngxùn géyán” ― Guidelines for Families (a treatise by Qing Emperor Kangxi)

#### Synonyms

* 古話 / 古话 (gǔhuà)
* 名言 (míngyán)
* 諺語 / 谚语 (yànyǔ)
* 警句 (jǐngjù)
* 金句 (jīnjù)
* 金言 (jīnyán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 格言(かくげん) (kakugen)
* → Korean: 격언(格言) (gyeogeon)
* → Vietnamese: cách ngôn (格言)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 格 | 言 |
| かく Grade: 5 | げん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かくげん [kàkúgéń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) かくげん [kàkúꜜgèǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* (Kyoto) かくげん [kàkúgéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠kɯ̟ɡẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

格(かく)言(げん) • (kakugen)
* proverb; saying; maxim

#### See also

* 寸(すん)鉄(てつ) (suntetsu)
* 警(けい)句(く) (keiku)
* 箴(しん)言(げん) (shingen)
* 名(めい)言(げん) (meigen)
* 至(し)言(げん) (shigen)
* 名(めい)句(く) (meiku)
* 座(ざ)右(ゆう)の銘(めい) (zayū no mei)

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “格言”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 格 | 言 |

### Noun

格言 • (gyeogeon) (hangeul 격언)
* hanja form of 격언

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 格 | 言 |

### Noun

格言
* chữ Hán form of cách ngôn.