# خرد
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Persian خرد (xord).

#### Adjective

خرد • (hurd)
* little, small
* petty, insignificant

### Etymology 2

From Persian خرد (xerad).

#### Noun

خرد • (hıred)
* wisdom, intellect, sense, judgment, understanding

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlt' /⁠xwurd⁠/, “little”), perhaps originally the past participle of [script needed] (hwltn' /⁠xwardan⁠/, “to eat”); for the semantic development, compare the derivation of Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bit”) from *bītan (“to bite”). Compare Talysh هرد (hərd), Northern Luri هیرد (hird); see خوردن (xwardan / xordan) for more on the root.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xuɾð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xʊɹd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xʊɹd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xʊɹd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xuɹd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xoɹd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xoɹd̪̥]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [xuːɹd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χuɹd̪]

#### Adjective

خرد • (xurd / xord) (comparative خردتَر (xurd / xord-tar), superlative خردتَرین (xurd / xord-tarin))
* (normal in Dari, archaic in Iran) little, small (in physical size)
    Synonym: کوچک (kōčak / kuček)
    Antonyms: کلان (kalān / kalân), بزرگ (buzurg / bozorg)
* (figurative) small, micro-
    اقتصاد خرد ― eqtesâd-e xord ― micro-economics
* insignificant, trifling (mainly used of money)
    پول خورد (colloquial Iranian) ― pul-e xurd ― small change

##### Usage notes

* Nowadays, this word is generally used for actual physical size only in Afghanistan.

##### Alternative forms

* خورد (xūrd / xurd) (colloquial Iranian)

##### Derived terms

* خرد کردن (xurd kardan / xord kardan, “to break into pieces”)
* خردبین (xurd-bīn / xord-bin, “small-minded”)
* خردسال (xurdsāl / xordsâl, “child”)
* خرده (xurda / xorde, “piece, bit”)
* پول خرد (pūl-i xurd / pul-e xord, “small change”)

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hurd)
* → Urdu: خرد (xurd)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (hlt /⁠xrat, xrad⁠/, “wisdom, understanding, intelligence”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš (“intelligence, mental power”), from Proto-Indo-European *krét-us. Akin to Old Armenian խրատ (xrat), an Iranian borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xi.ˈɾað]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪ.ɾǽd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪ.ɾǽd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɪ.ɾǽd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xi.ɾǽd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xe.ɹǽd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χi.ɾǽd̪]

#### Noun

خرد • (xirad / xerad)
* wisdom, intellect, judgment, understanding

##### Derived terms

* خردمند (xirad-mand / xerad-mand)

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hıred)

### References

* ↑ Jost Gippert (2009) “An Etymological Trifle”, in Werner Sundermann, Almut Hintze, François de Blois, editors, Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams‎, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 137-138

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

From Classical Persian خرد (xirad, “wisdom, intellect”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xɪ.ɾəd̪/

#### Noun

خرد • (xirad) ?
* wisdom, intellect; judgement
* reason, understanding

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian خرد (xurd).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xʊɾd̪/

#### Adjective

خُرْد • (xurd) (Hindi spelling ख़ुर्द)
* little, small; minute
* young

### References

* “خرد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خرد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “خرد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “خرد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.