# 刃

| 刃 | U+5203, &#20995; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5203 |
| ← 刂 [U+5202] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 刄 → [U+5204] |
| 刃 | U+2F81E, &#194590; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81E |
| ← 凵 [U+2F81D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 㓟 → [U+2F81F] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 刃 |
| Simplified | 刃 |
| Traditional | 刃 |

### Alternative forms

Note the compositional differences between Traditional, Simplified, and Japanese Shinjitai in the placement of the additional stroke.

### Han character

刃 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹戈 (SHI), four-corner 1742$_0$, composition ⿹刀丿(G) or ⿹刀丶(HTKV) or ⿻刀丶(J))

#### Derived characters

* 仞 屻 㠴 㣼 扨 㲽 杒 牣 肕 䀔 刼 籾 紉(纫) 䑒 衂 剏 訒(讱) 軔(轫) 釰 剱 靭 韌(韧) 劒 𦬄
* 刅 丒 忍 岃 涩 歰 䜀(䜧)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 136, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1850
* Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 320, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5203
* Unihan data for U+2F81E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 刃 :
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 涊 | *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ |
| 紉 | *nɯn |
| 忍 | *njɯnʔ |
| 荵 | *njɯnʔ |
| 刃 | *njɯns |
| 認 | *njɯns, *njɯŋs |
| 仞 | *njɯns |
| 軔 | *njɯns |
| 韌 | *njɯns |
| 肕 | *njɯns |
| 牣 | *njɯns |
| 杒 | *njɯns |
| 訒 | *njɯns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 刀 (“knife”) + 丶.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): rèn (ren$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren$^3$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): rēn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jan$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yin$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): liin$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiún
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiun$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): reng$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): lāing
* Eastern Min (BUC): êng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm / līn / jīn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rim$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): yieng$^2$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): jan$^5$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$zen / $^6$zeen / $^6$zyun / $^6$zon
** (Jinhua): $^6$gnin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$
*** Yale: rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ren$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
*** Sinological IPA : /zən⁵³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: rēn
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐẽ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^6$
*** Yale: yahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: jan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /zɐn³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yin$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jin³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: liin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɨn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiún
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯un³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiun³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: reng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lāing
*** Sinological IPA : /laiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cīng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
*** Tâi-lô: līm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lim
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
*** Tâi-lô: jīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jim
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
*** Tâi-lô: līn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lin
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
*** Tâi-lô: jīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rim$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jím
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zim⁵²/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: yieng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /zieŋ³¹/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: jan$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jən²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zəŋ¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zəŋ¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szən³¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /zən²¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zəŋ²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zən¹¹³/
** (Northern: Shaoxing)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zeen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ¹¹/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zyun
*** MiniDict: zoen$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ¹¹³/
** (Northern: Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zon
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zoŋ¹³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnin
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /n̠ʲiŋ¹⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: yn$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyinH
Rime :
| Character | 刃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 而振切 |
| Baxter | nyinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nə[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*nə[n]-s/ |
| English | edge of a blade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10831 |
| Phonetic component | 刃 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刃 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯns/ |

### Definitions

刃
* blade; knife edge
* sword; knife
* (literary) to kill with a sword or knife

### Compounds

* 事刃
* 五刃
* 交光飛刃 / 交光飞刃
* 交刃
* 亭刃
* 伏刃
* 倳刃
* 兇刃 / 凶刃
* 兩刃 / 两刃
* 兩刃矛 / 两刃矛
* 兵不接刃
* 兵不污刃
* 兵不血刃 (bīngbùxuèrèn)
* 兵刃 (bīngrèn)
* 兵未血刃
* 兵無血刃 / 兵无血刃
* 冒刃
* 冰刃
* 刀刃 (dāorèn)
* 刃兒 / 刃儿
* 刃具 (rènjù)
* 刃器
* 刃角
* 刃迎縷解 / 刃迎缕解
* 刃鋩 / 刃铓
* 刃面
* 利刃 (lìrèn)
* 剚刃
* 創刃 / 创刃
* 劍刃 / 剑刃
* 合刃
* 器刃
* 堅刃 / 坚刃
* 堅甲利刃 / 坚甲利刃
* 嬋娟刃 / 婵娟刃
* 寸刃
* 封刃
* 尺刃
* 延頸待刃 / 延颈待刃
* 弦刃
* 張弓拔刃 / 张弓拔刃
* 應刃而解 / 应刃而解
* 戈刃
* 戢刃
* 手刃 (shǒurèn)
* 手無寸刃 / 手无寸刃
* 投刃皆虛 / 投刃皆虚
* 推刃
* 接刃
* 揚刃 / 扬刃
* 攢刃 / 攒刃
* 斂刃 / 敛刃
* 智刃
* 曲刃
* 束刃
* 枝刃
* 枕戈剚刃
* 柔刃
* 梃刃
* 植刃
* 淬刃
* 游刃
* 游刃有餘 / 游刃有余 (yóurènyǒuyú)
* 游刃餘地 / 游刃余地
* 漏刃
* 狂刃
* 瓊刃 / 琼刃
* 甲刃
* 略刃
* 發刃 / 发刃
* 登鋒履刃 / 登锋履刃
* 白刃 (báirèn)
* 白刃戰 / 白刃战 (báirènzhàn)
* 目牛游刃 (mùniúyóurèn)
* 相刃
* 矢刃
* 砥刃
* 素刃
* 臁刃
* 自刃
* 芒刃
* 芙蓉刃
* 血刃
* 行刃
* 袖刃
* 角刃
* 誓刃
* 赴火蹈刃
* 蹈刃
* 軍不血刃 / 军不血刃
* 迎刃
* 迎刃以解
* 迎刃冰解
* 迎刃立解
* 迎刃而理
* 迎刃而解 (yíngrèn'érjiě)
* 遊刃 / 游刃
* 遊刃有餘 / 游刃有余 (yóurènyǒuyú)
* 遊刃餘地 / 游刃余地
* 郢刃
* 金刃
* 鉤刃 / 钩刃
* 鋒刃 / 锋刃 (fēngrèn)
* 鋩刃 / 铓刃
* 錐刃 / 锥刃
* 鐵刃 / 铁刃
* 開刃 / 开刃 (kāirèn)
* 陷刃
* 雪刃
* 霜刃
* 順刃 / 顺刃
* 頓刃 / 顿刃
* 飛刃 / 飞刃
* 飲刃 / 饮刃
* 餘刃 / 余刃
* 鬱刃 / 郁刃
* 齊刃 / 齐刃

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 刃(じん) (jin)
* → Korean: 인(刃) (in)

### References

* “刃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 刃 |
| Kyūjitai | 刃󠄁 刃+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 刃󠄃 刃+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: にん (nin)
* Kan-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
* Kun: は (ha, 刃, Jōyō)、やいば (yaiba, 刃)
* Nanori: ち (chi)、と (to)

#### Compounds

* 刃(にん)傷(じょう) (ninjō)

### Alternative forms

* Kanji in this term
* 刃
* は Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* (zokuji) 刄

### Etymology 1

/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pa.
Cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”). Possibly also related to 葉 (ha, “leaf”), but the pitch accents do not match. Compare English blade, which also meant “leaf”.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) は [háꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ha̠]

#### Noun

刃(は) • (ha)
* any sharp and thin cutting implement: a blade, edge

##### Derived terms

* 鋼(はがね) (hagane)
* 刃(は)毀(こぼ)れ (hakobore)
* 刃向(はむ)かう (hamukau)
* 刃(は)物(もの) (hamono)
* 刃(は)文(もん) (hamon)
* 刃(は)渡(わた)り (hawatari)
* 替(か)え刃(ば) (kaeba)
* 片(かた)刃(ば) (kataba), 片(かた)刃(は) (kataha)
* 切刃(きっぱ) (kippa)
* 白(しら)刃(は) (shiraha)
* 直(すぐ)刃(は) (suguha)
* 円(まる)刃(ば), 丸(まる)刃(ば) (maruba)
* 乱(みだ)れ刃(ば) (midareba)
* 両(もろ)刃(は) (moroha)
* 諸(もろ)刃(は), 双(もろ)刃(は) (moroha)
* 焼(や)き刃(ば) (yakiba) → 刃(やいば) (yaiba)
* 両(りょう)刃(ば) (ryōba)

##### Idioms

* 剣(つるぎ)の刃(は)を渡(わた)る (tsurugi no ha o wataru)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 刃
* やいば Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/jaki ɸa/ → /jakiba/ → /jaĩba/ → /jaiba/
イ音便(おんびん) (i-onbin) form of 焼き刃 (yakiba), a compound of 焼き (yaki, “burned, fired”) +‎ 刃 (ha, “edge, blade”, see above). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested in the Taiheiki of the late 1300s.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やいば [yáꜜìbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) やいば [yàíbá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ja̠iba̠]

#### Noun

刃(やいば) • (yaiba)
* a forged blade, such as a sword
* the wavy pattern formed in the metal on the surface of a forged blade
* a sword or similar edged weapon
* something sharp like a sword
* someone or something powerful

##### Derived terms

* 刃(やいば)の験(げん)者(じゃ) (yaiba no genja)
* 氷(こおり)の刃(やいば) (kōri no yaiba)
* 心(こころ)の刃(やいば) (kokoro no yaiba)
* 邪(じゃ)見(けん)の刃(やいば) (jaken no yaiba)
* 情(なさ)けに刃(は)向(む)かう刃(やいば)なし (nasake ni hamukau yaiba nashi)

##### Idioms

* 笑(しょう)中(ちゅう)に刃(やいば)を研(と)ぐ (shōchū ni yaiba o togu)
* 刃(やいば)に掛(か)かる (yaiba ni kakaru)
* 刃(やいば)に血(ち)塗(ぬ)らず (yaiba ni chi nurazu)
* 刃(やいば)に伏(ふ)す (yaiba ni fusu)

##### Proverbs

* 刃(やいば)は切(き)れるが重(ちょう)宝(ほう) (yaiba wa kireru ga chōhō, “for a blade, cutting [sharpness] is precious” → the highest value of a tool is its ability to do what it is designed for)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 刃
* じん Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 刃 (MC nyinH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じん [jíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩɴ]

#### Noun

刃(じん) • (jin)
* a blade, edge

##### Idioms

* 刃(じん)に伏(ふ)す (jin ni fusu)
* 刃(じん)を迎(むか)えて解(と)く (jin o mukaete toku, “to fall before the blade” → a metaphor for extreme strength or power)

#### Affix

刃(じん) • (jin)
* blade, edge
* bladed object (knife, sword, etc.)
* kill with a bladed object, put to the sword

##### Derived terms

* 刃(じん)文(もん) (jinmon)
* 凶(きょう)刃(じん), 兇(きょう)刃(じん) (kyōjin)
* 自(じ)刃(じん) (jijin)
* 刀(とう)刃(じん) (tōjin)
* 毒(どく)刃(じん) (dokujin)
* 白(はく)刃(じん) (hakujin)
* 氷(ひょう)刃(じん) (hyōjin)
* 兵(へい)刃(じん) (heijin)
* 防(ぼう)刃(じん) (bōjin)
* 利(り)刃(じん) (rijin)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 281 (paper), page 190 (digital)
* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

刃 (eum 인 (in))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Cognate with 歯 (pa, “tooth”). Possibly also related to 葉 (pa, “leaf”). Compare English blade.

### Noun

刃 (pa) (kana は)
* any sharp and thin cutting implement: a blade, edge

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 刃 (ha, yaiba)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

### Further reading

* 葉 (“leaf”) entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

刃: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhấn, nhận
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.