# 派

| 派 | U+6D3E, &#27966; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D3E |
| ← 洽 [U+6D3D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 洿 → [U+6D3F] |
| 派 | U+2F900, &#194816; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F900 |
| ← 洖 [U+2F8FF] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 海 → [U+2F901] |

## Translingual
### Han character

派 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水竹竹女 (EHHV), four-corner 3213$_2$, composition ⿰氵𠂢)

#### Derived characters

* 𠸁, 𢄃, 𤋻, 𦞓, 鎃, 𩹘, 蒎, 𥯠, 𩄂, 𪡤, 𫮏, 𬧁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 623, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17428
* Dae Jaweon: page 1019, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1611, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6D3E
* Unihan data for U+2F900

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 派
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 庍 | *qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs |
| 派 | *m̥ʰreːɡs |
| 脈 | *mreːɡ |
| 脉 | *mreːɡ |
| 衇 | *mreːɡ |
| 眽 | *mreːɡ |
| 覛 | *mreːɡ, *meːɡ |
| 霢 | *mreːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m̥ʰreːɡs): semantic 氵 (“water; river”) + phonetic 𠂢. Originally written 𠂢.

### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 派 (MC pheaH, “branch (of a river); to delegate, send, detach”). In the sense “pi”, borrowed from English pi, ultimately from Ancient Greek πι (pi). In the sense “pie”, borrowed from English pie.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pài (pai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄞˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): paai$^3$ / paai$^{3-1}$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): paai$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pai$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phai
    (Hailu, HRS): pai$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pai$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): pai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): puái
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pua$^4$ / pai$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pai$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): pai$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): paai$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$pha / $^5$phai / $^5$phe / $^3$pha
** (Jinhua): $^5$pha
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pài
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pài
*** Wade–Giles: pʻai$^4$
*** Yale: pài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pay
*** Palladius: пай (paj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paai$^3$ / paai$^{3-1}$
*** Yale: paai / pāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paai$^3$ / paai$^{3-1}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pai$^3$ / pai$^{3-1}$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːi̯³³/, /pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/
* paai3-1 - “school of thought; sect; branch; camp”.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit派 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰai³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰai⁵³/ ～頭 /pʰai⁴⁴/ ～人去 |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰɛ¹³/ 指～ /pʰɛ⁴⁴²/ ～別 |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰæ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰae⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰe̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰai⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰæ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /pʰa³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /pʰɑ⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /pʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /pʰa⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɛ³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰa⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pʰai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰai⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰai⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰɑi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰai³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pʰai³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pʰai³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰai²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /puɑi²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰai³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰai²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /fai³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: pheaH
Rime :
| Character | 派 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 匹卦切 |
| Baxter | pheaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰˠɛ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰᵚæ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰaɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰɛ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰai$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | paai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*m̥ʰreːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 派 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9641 |
| Phonetic component | 派 |
| Rime group | 寘 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 派 |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ʰreːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

派
* tributary of a river
* school of thought; sect; branch; camp
    本土派 [Cantonese] ― bun$^2$ tou$^2$ paai$^{3-1}$ [Jyutping] ― localist groups
* style; air; manner
* to send; to dispatch
* to hand out; to distribute
    派畀人嘅嘢 [Cantonese] ― paai$^3$ bei$^2$ jan$^4$ ge$^3$ je$^5$ [Jyutping] ― things handed out to people
    派利是 [Cantonese] ― paai$^3$ lai$^6$ si$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to hand out red packets
* to apportion; to impose
* to censure; to blame
* Classifier for a scene, an atmosphere, a speech or a sound.
* Classifier for factions, schools of thought, groups, etc.
* (mathematics) pi (π); the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
* pie
    蘋果派／苹果派 ― píngguǒpài ― apple pie

##### Synonyms

* (tributary): 流派 (liúpài), 支流 (zhīliú)
* (to distribute):
* 分
* 分發 / 分发 (fēnfā)
* 分給 / 分给 (fēngěi)
* 分配 (fēnpèi)
* 放
* 發 / 发
* (to send):
* 使使 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 使蕩 / 使荡 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 差派 (Hokkien)
* 差遣 (chāiqiǎn)
* 打發 / 打发 (dǎfa)
* 派出 (pàichū)
* 派遣 (pàiqiǎn)
* 驅使 / 驱使 (qūshǐ) (literary)
* (to censure):
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 叱呵 (chìhē)
* 叱罵 / 叱骂 (chìmà)
* 叱責 / 叱责 (chìzé)
* 吆喝 (colloquial)
* 呲 (cī)
* 呲兒 / 呲儿 (cīr)
* 呵叱 (hēchì)
* 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
* 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 呵責 / 呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
* 喝叱
* 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
* 嗔著 / 嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
* 怪 (guài)
* 怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)
* 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 怪罪 (guàizuì)
* 批評 / 批评 (pīpíng)
* 指摘 (zhǐzhāi)
* 指斥 (zhǐchì)
* 指責 / 指责 (zhǐzé)
* 指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
* 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 掛數 / 挂数 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
* 撻伐 / 挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
* 數落 / 数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
* 數說 / 数说 (shǔshuō)
* 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 斥罵 / 斥骂 (chìmà)
* 斥責 / 斥责 (chìzé)
* 歸咎 / 归咎 (guījiù)
* 歸罪 / 归罪 (guīzuì)
* 激勵 / 激励 (jīlì) (literary)
* 熊 (xióng) (colloquial)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 痛罵 / 痛骂 (tòngmà)
* 聲討 / 声讨 (shēngtǎo)
* 訓 / 训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 訓斥 / 训斥 (xùnchì)
* 詬病 / 诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
* 說 / 说
* 說話 / 说话 (shuōhuà)
* 謗議 / 谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
* 譴責 / 谴责 (qiǎnzé)
* 責備 / 责备 (zébèi)
* 責怪 / 责怪 (zéguài)
* 責罵 / 责骂 (zémà)
* 責難 / 责难 (zénàn)
* 貶斥 / 贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
* 貶責 / 贬责 (biǎnzé)
* 賴 / 赖 (lài)
* 非議 / 非议 (fēiyì)
* 非難 / 非难 (fēinàn)
* 體斥 / 体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (pi): 圓周率／圆周率 (yuánzhōulǜ)
* (pie): (Cantonese) 批 (pai1)

#### Compounds

* 一派
* 一派胡言 (yīpàihúyán)
* 中觀派 / 中观派
* 中間派 / 中间派 (zhōngjiānpài)
* 丹麥學派 / 丹麦学派
* 主題派對 / 主题派对
* 交派
* 京派 (jīngpài)
* 今古學派 / 今古学派
* 來派 / 来派
* 保守派 (bǎoshǒupài)
* 做派 (zuòpài)
* 兩面派 / 两面派 (liǎngmiànpài)
* 凱爾派 / 凯尔派 (kǎi'ěrpài)
* 分派 (fēnpài)
* 功利派
* 加派
* 動作畫派 / 动作画派
* 勒派 (lèpài)
* 勢派 / 势派
* 千支萬派 / 千支万派
* 南北書派 / 南北书派
* 印象派 (yìnxiàngpài)
* 反派 (fǎnpài)
* 右派 (yòupài)
* 名士派
* 吃派飯 / 吃派饭 (chī pàifàn)
* 吳派 / 吴派
* 噶當派 / 噶当派 (Gádāngpài)
* 噶舉派 / 噶举派 (Gájǔpài)
* 均派
* 壓派 / 压派
* 外光派
* 大方氣派 / 大方气派
* 奉派
* 委派 (wěipài)
* 姚江學派 / 姚江学派
* 婁東派 / 娄东派
* 婉約派 / 婉约派
* 嫡支嫡派
* 嫡派 (dípài)
* 學派 / 学派 (xuépài)
* 學院派 / 学院派
* 安定學派 / 安定学派
* 官房學派 / 官房学派
* 宗派 (zōngpài)
* 官派
* 寧瑪派 / 宁玛派 (Níngmǎpài)
* 寫實派 / 写实派
* 少林派
* 嶺南畫派 / 岭南画派
* 左派 (zuǒpài)
* 巴黎畫派 / 巴黎画派
* 幫派 / 帮派 (bāngpài)
* 幻想派
* 建制派 (jiànzhìpài)
* 性靈派 / 性灵派
* 意象派
* 抽象派
* 指派 (zhǐpài)
* 拿派頭 / 拿派头
* 推派
* 攤派 / 摊派 (tānpài)
* 支派 (zhīpài)
* 政派 (zhèngpài)
* 教派 (jiàopài)
* 新安派
* 新月派
* 新派 (xīnpài)
* 方濟谷派 / 方济谷派
* 明道學派 / 明道学派
* 未來派 / 未来派 (wèiláipài)
* 柏林樂派 / 柏林乐派
* 桐城派
* 核派
* 格魯派 / 格鲁派 (Gélǔpài)
* 樂天派 / 乐天派 (lètiānpài)
* 橫渠學派 / 横渠学派
* 正派 (zhèngpài)
* 正統派 / 正统派
* 武當派 / 武当派
* 歪派
* 死硬派
* 氣派 / 气派
* 江西派
* 江西詩派 / 江西诗派
* 泛民主派 (fànmínzhǔpài)
* 波臣派
* 派上用場 / 派上用场 (pàishàngyòngchǎng)
* 派不是
* 派任 (pàirèn)
* 派克 (pàikè)
* 派兵 (pàibīng)
* 派出所 (pàichūsuǒ)
* 派出機關 / 派出机关
* 派別 / 派别 (pàibié)
* 派司
* 派員 / 派员 (pàiyuán)
* 派對 / 派对 (pàiduì)
* 派息 (pàixī)
* 流派 (liúpài)
* 洋派
* 派生 (pàishēng)
* 派生法 (pàishēngfǎ)
* 派生詞 / 派生词 (pàishēngcí)
* 派用人員 / 派用人员
* 派系 (pàixì)
* 派裔
* 派賴 / 派赖
* 派軍 / 派军
* 派遣 (pàiqiǎn)
* 派頭 / 派头 (pàitóu)
* 派飯 / 派饭 (pàifàn)
* 派駐 / 派驻 (pàizhù)
* 浙東學派 / 浙东学派
* 海派 (Hǎipài)
* 浪漫樂派 / 浪漫乐派
* 浪漫派
* 湘鄉派 / 湘乡派
* 源殊派異 / 源殊派异
* 灑派 / 洒派
* 特派 (tèpài)
* 特派員 / 特派员 (tèpàiyuán)
* 犬儒學派 / 犬儒学派
* 瑜伽派
* 瑜伽行派
* 異派同源 / 异派同源
* 畫派 / 画派
* 痙攣派 / 痉挛派
* 白沙學派 / 白沙学派
* 百源學派 / 百源学派
* 皖派
* 皮賴歪派 / 皮赖歪派
* 硬派 (yìngpài)
* 科派
* 稷下學派 / 稷下学派
* 立體派 / 立体派
* 簡派 / 简派 (jiǎnpài)
* 米派
* 編派 / 编派 (biānpai)
* 考亭學派 / 考亭学派
* 老派 (lǎopài)
* 舊派 / 旧派 (jiùpài)
* 荀派
* 薩迦派 / 萨迦派 (Sàjiāpài)
* 虞山派
* 行動派 / 行动派
* 行為派 / 行为派
* 西那畫派 / 西那画派
* 詩派 / 诗派
* 詭辯學派 / 诡辩学派
* 調派 / 调派 (diàopài)
* 象山學派 / 象山学派
* 豪放派
* 走資派 / 走资派 (zǒuzīpài)
* 路德教派
* 辭典派 / 辞典派
* 造反派 (Zàofǎn pài)
* 逍遙學派 / 逍遥学派
* 達達派 / 达达派
* 遴派 (línpài)
* 選派 / 选派 (xuǎnpài)
* 邪派
* 部派佛教
* 野獸派 / 野兽派 (yěshòupài)
* 鋪派 / 铺派
* 門派 / 门派 (ménpài)
* 陽明學派 / 阳明学派
* 陽湖派 / 阳湖派
* 頭腦派 / 头脑派
* 飭派 / 饬派
* 魔鬼學派 / 魔鬼学派
* 鴿派 / 鸽派 (gēpài)
* 鷹派 / 鹰派 (yīngpài)
* 黃山派 / 黄山派
* 黃龍派 / 黄龙派
* 點兵派將 / 点兵派将
* 黨派 / 党派 (dǎngpài)

##### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: pay, paylamaq
* Turkish: pay
* Turkmen: paý, paýlamak
* Tatar: пай (pay)
** → Russian: пай (paj, “share, interest”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pā, pài (pa$^1$, pai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄚ, ㄆㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pā
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pa
*** Wade–Giles: pʻa$^1$
*** Yale: pā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pa
*** Palladius: па (pa)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pài
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pài
*** Wade–Giles: pʻai$^4$
*** Yale: pài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pay
*** Palladius: пай (paj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paa$^1$
*** Yale: pā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaː⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

派
* Only used in 派司 (pāsi).

### References

* “派”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

#### Southern Min

* “派”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 派 |
| Kyūjitai | 派󠄂 派+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 派󠄄 派+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: へ (he)
* Kan-on: はい (hai)
* Kan’yō-on: は (ha, Jōyō)
* Kun: わかれ (wakare, 派れ)、わかれる (wakareru, 派れる)

#### Compounds

* 語(ご)派(は) (goha): language branch
* 宗(しゅう)派(は) (shūha): religious sect
* 流(りゅう)派(は) (ryūha): school of thought

### Suffix

派(は) • (-ha)
* group, faction, (political) wing, school
    猫(ねこ)派(は)
       neko-ha
       a cat person
    あなたはいぬ派(は)、それともねこ派(は)？
       Anata wa inu-ha, soretomo neko-ha?
       Do you prefer dogs or cats?
       (literally, “Are you on the dog-side/group or on the cat-side/group?”)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1273 (paper), page 687 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 派 (MC pheaH). Recorded as Middle Korean 패 (phay) (Yale: phay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 派 (eumhun 물갈래 파 (mulgallae pa))
* hanja form of 파 (“faction”)

#### Compounds

* 강경파 (強硬派, ganggyeongpa)
* 급파 (急派, geup'pa)
* 보수파 (保守派, bosupa)
* 온건파 (穩健派, on'geonpa)
* 우파 (右派, upa)
* 유파 (流派, yupa)
* 정파 (政派, jeongpa)
* 종파 (宗派, jongpa)
* 좌파 (左派, jwapa)
* 특파원 (特派員, teukpawon)
* 파견 (派遣, pagyeon)
* 파벌 (派閥, pabeol)
* 파병 (派兵, pabyeong)
* 파생 (派生, pasaeng)
* 파출부 (派出所, pachulbu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

派: Hán Nôm readings: phái, pháy, phai, phới, phe, phơi, vé
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation