# 汝

| 汝 | U+6C5D, &#27741; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C5D |
| ← 汜 [U+6C5C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 汞 → [U+6C5E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

汝 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水女 (EV), four-corner 3414$_0$, composition ⿰氵女)

#### Derived characters

* 𰂈, 𠲤, 𫺈, 𢬨, 𪰤, 𫃤, 𨀾, 𣽮, 𦭰, 𪡑, 𫺋, 㖳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 606, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17138
* Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1555, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6C5D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njaʔ): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas).

### Etymology 1

Probably related to Proto-Kam-Sui *Ɂnjaᴬ (“river”), whence Southern Kam nyal (“river”), Sui qnyal (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): rǔ (ru$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ru$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nei$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nî
    (Hailu, HRS): ngi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): nṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): nṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dy$^3$ / dyh$^3$ / zy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lú / lír / jí / ní / jú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): re$^2$ / ru$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ni$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy; $^6$lu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ju$^3$
*** Yale: rǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruu
*** Palladius: жу (žu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ru$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhu
*** Sinological IPA : /zu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^5$
*** Yale: yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdei²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nî
*** Hakka Romanization System: ni$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ni$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ni²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ni$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ni⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /ny²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡy³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dy$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /ty⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ty³³²/
** (Xianyou, Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dyh$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tyʔ³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy³³²/
* dy3 - vernacular;
* dyh3 - vernacular (glottalized, more commonly used);
* zy3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nyoX
Rime :
| Character | 汝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人渚切 |
| Baxter | nyoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 汝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9628 |
| Phonetic component | 女 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汝 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaʔ/ |

#### Definitions

汝
* (～水, ～河) Ru River, a northern tributary of the Huai River in modern-day southern Henan province. The name also refers to the Hong River in its lower reaches, which now shares a common course with the Ru, as well as a southern tributary of the Hong.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 汝南 (Rǔnán)
* 汝南月旦
* 汝墳 / 汝坟
* 汝州 (Rǔzhōu)
* 汝水
* 汝瓷 (Rǔcí)
* 汝窯 / 汝窑 (Rǔyáo)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”). Cognate with 你 (nǐ) and 爾／尔 (ěr).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): rǔ (ru$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ru$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nei$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): nṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): nṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dy$^3$ / zy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lí / lír / lú / jú / jí / ní
    (Teochew, Peng'im): le$^2$ / lu$^2$ / re$^2$ / ru$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ni$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy; $^6$lu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ju$^3$
*** Yale: rǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruu
*** Palladius: жу (žu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ru$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhu
*** Sinological IPA : /zu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^5$
*** Yale: yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdei²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nî
*** Hakka Romanization System: ni$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ni$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ni²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ni$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ni⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /ny²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡy³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dy$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /ty⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ty³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy³³²/
* dy3 - vernacular;
* zy3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nyoX
Rime :
| Character | 汝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人渚切 |
| Baxter | nyoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*naʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 汝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*naʔ/ |
| English | you (sg.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 汝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9628 |
| Phonetic component | 女 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汝 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaʔ/ |

#### Definitions

汝
* (literary or coastal Min) thou; you (second-person pronoun)
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Cì yě hérú?” Zǐ yuē: “Rǔ qì yě.” [Pinyin]
    Zigong asked, "What do you say of Ci [Zigong's given name]?" The Master said, "You are a utensil."
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Zǐ yuē: “Jū! Wú yù rǔ.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "Sit down, and I will tell you."
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Wáng yù xiàng rǔ, rǔ hébù shòu hū? [Pinyin]
    The king wishes to appoint you as the prime minister; why do you not accept it?

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 † |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 你, 您 †, 您老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 你, 您 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 你, 您老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 你 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 你 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 你, 你老 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 你, 你老 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 你, 你老 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 你, 您 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 你, 您 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 你 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 你, 你了 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 你, 你老 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 你, 你老 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 你, 你老 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 你, 你家 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 你 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 你 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 你 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 你 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 你 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 你, 你老 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 你, 您 †, 你老人家 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 你 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 你 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 你 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 你 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 你 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 你, 恁 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 你, 恁 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 你 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 你, 恁 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 你, 你老 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 你, 你老兒 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 你, 喬, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 恁, 你, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pizhou | 恁, 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lianyungang (Ganyu) | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 你 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 你 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 你, 您 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 你 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 你, 你老 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 你, 您 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 你, 你家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Xiakuojie) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 你, 你家 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 你 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 你, 您兒 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuyi | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Funing | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sihong | 你 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Mandarin | Qinzhou (Longmengang) | 你 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 你 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 你 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Shek Pik; Weitou) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 你 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 你 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huancheng) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nanlang) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Xiaolan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Henglan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongfeng) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nantou) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Fusha) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shalang) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Gangkou) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huangpu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Sanjiao) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Minzhong) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Guzhen) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Banfu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanzhou) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 你 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Beixipo, Dianbai; Malan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Bengtangque, Dianbai; Malan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Mianhuadi, Dianbai; Malan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Shanzuipo, Dianbai; Malan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Binglanghua, Dianbai; Malan) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 你 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Pingshan; Zhanmi) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 你 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 你 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 你 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 你 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 你 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 你 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 你 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 你 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 你 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 你 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 你 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 你 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 你 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 你 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 你 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 你 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 你 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 你 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 你 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 你 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 你 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 你 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 你 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 爾, 恁 |
| Gan | Nanchang (Wangcheng) | 恁 |
| Gan | Anyi | 爾仂 |
| Gan | Lushan | 爾 |
| Gan | Pengze | 爾 |
| Gan | Duchang | 爾, 爾儂 |
| Gan | Wuning (Quankou) | 恁 |
| Gan | Poyang | 你 |
| Gan | Yugan | 你, 你郎 |
| Gan | Wannian | 你 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 爾, 爾仂 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 爾, 爾仂 |
| Gan | Leping | 你 |
| Gan | Yichun | 你 |
| Gan | Yifeng | 爾 |
| Gan | Gao'an | 爾 |
| Gan | Fengxin | 你 |
| Gan | Shanggao | 爾 |
| Gan | Wanzai | 爾 |
| Gan | Fengcheng | 你 |
| Gan | Xinyu | 你 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Shangdundu) | 你 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Dongxiang) | 爾仂 |
| Gan | Nancheng | 恁 |
| Gan | Nanfeng | 你仂, 你 |
| Gan | Yihuang | 恁 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 汝 |
| Gan | Chongren | 爾 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 恨, 你 |
| Gan | Lianhua | 你 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 你 |
| Gan | Yongfeng | 恁 |
| Gan | Taihe | 你 |
| Gan | Xiajiang | 你 |
| Gan | Yongxin | 你 |
| Gan | Yingtan (Yujiang) | 爾 |
| Gan | Guixi | 爾, 爾仂 |
| Gan | Jianning | 你 |
| Gan | Jinxian | 恁, 爾 |
| Gan | Jinxi | 恁 |
| Gan | Le'an | 你 |
| Gan | Guangchang | 你 |
| Gan | Anfu | 你 |
| Gan | Suichuan | 你 |
| Gan | Wan'an | 你 |
| Gan | Jing'an | 爾 |
| Gan | Zhangshu | 你 |
| Gan | Xingan | 你 |
| Gan | Fenyi | 你 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 你 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 你 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 你 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 你 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 你 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 你 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 你 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 你 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 你 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 你 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 你 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 你 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 你 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 你 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 你 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 你 |
| Hakka | Changting | 你 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 汝 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 汝 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 你 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 你 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 你 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 你 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 你 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 你 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 恁 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 你 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 你 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 你 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Nankang) | 你 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 你 |
| Hakka | Dingnan | 你 |
| Hakka | Longnan | 你 |
| Hakka | Xunwu | 爾 |
| Hakka | Huichang | 恨, 爾 |
| Hakka | Chongyi | 你 |
| Hakka | Xingguo | 你 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 你 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 你 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 你 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 你 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 你 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 你 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 你 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 你 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 你 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 你 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 你 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingjiao) | 你 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 你 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 你 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 你 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 你 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 你 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 你 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾, 爾仂 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 爾, 你, 你老人家 † |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 爾, 爾仂 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 爾 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 爾 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 爾 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Qiandaohu) | 爾 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Meicheng) | 爾 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Shouchang) | 曾, 曾儂 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 你, 你家 † |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 † |
| Jin | Datong | 你, 您兒 † |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 你, 你吶 † |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 你, 你老兒家 † |
| Jin | Changzhi | 你 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 你, 您 † |
| Jin | Linhe | 你, 您 †, 你老兒家 † |
| Jin | Jining | 你, 您 †, 你家 † |
| Jin | Hohhot | 你, 您 †, 您老兒家 † |
| Jin | Baotou | 你, 您 † |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 你, 您 † |
| Jin | Haibowan | 你, 您 † |
| Jin | Erenhot | 你, 您兒 † |
| Jin | Pingshan | 你 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 你, 您 †, 你老 † |
| Jin | Handan | 你, 你老人家 † |
| Jin | Linzhou | 你 |
| Jin | Suide | 你 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 你 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 你 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 你 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 你 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 汝 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 你 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 你 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 你 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Taishun | 爾 |
| Eastern Min | Cangnan | 爾 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 汝 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 汝 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 汝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 汝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 汝 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 你 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 你 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 你 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 你 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 𫣴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 𫣴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 你 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 你 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 汝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 汝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 你 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 你 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 你 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 你 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 你 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 你 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 你 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 你 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 你 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 你 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 你 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 你 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 你 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 你 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 你 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 儂 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 是奴 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 儂, 甚, 恆儂 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 儂 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 爾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 倷 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 㑚 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 你 |
| Wu | Changshu | 儂 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 能 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 你 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 你 |
| Wu | Jiashan | 你 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 爾儂 |
| Wu | Haining (Yanguan) | 儂, 你 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 儂 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 你 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 你 |
| Wu | Danyang | 爾 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 你 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 是爾 |
| Wu | Changxing | 是爾 |
| Wu | Anji | 爾 |
| Wu | Deqing | 爾 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 你 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 儂, 是儂 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 儂, 你, 爾, 是爾 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 爾 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 你, 是你 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 諾 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 你 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 儂 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 爾, 奶 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 諾, 爾, 爾諾 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 諾 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Fenghua) | 儂, 爾 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 儂 |
| Wu | Cixi | 儂 |
| Wu | Xiangshan | 爾, 像爾 |
| Wu | Ninghai | 爾, 爾儂 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 儂 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 爾 |
| Wu | Tiantai | 爾 |
| Wu | Xianju | 爾 |
| Wu | Sanmen | 爾 |
| Wu | Linhai | 爾 |
| Wu | Wenling | 爾 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 你 |
| Wu | Yueqing | 你 |
| Wu | Yongjia (Fenglin) | 你 |
| Wu | Pingyang | 你 |
| Wu | Taishun | 你 |
| Wu | Wencheng | 你 |
| Wu | Lishui | 你 |
| Wu | Qingtian | 你 |
| Wu | Jinyun | 你, 定你 |
| Wu | Wuyi (Liucheng) | 爾 |
| Wu | Songyang (Xiping) | 你 |
| Wu | Yunhe | 你 |
| Wu | Jingning | 你 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 你 |
| Wu | Longquan | 你 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 你 |
| Wu | Suichang | 你 |
| Wu | Jiangshan | 你 |
| Wu | Changshan | 爾 |
| Wu | Kaihua | 你 |
| Wu | Longyou | 你, 你儂 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 儂 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 爾, 爾儂 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 儂 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 爾 |
| Wu | Pujiang | 爾 |
| Wu | Dongyang | 爾 |
| Wu | Wuyi | 儂 |
| Wu | Lanxi | 爾, 爾儂 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 爾儂 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 爾 |
| Wu | Yushan | 恁 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 你 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 你 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 你 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 你 |
| Note | †: honorific | †: honorific |

#### Compounds

* 汝儂 / 汝侬
* 汝好
* 汝曹 (rǔcáo)
* 汝輩 / 汝辈 (rǔbèi)
* 爾汝 / 尔汝
* 爾汝之交 / 尔汝之交
* 笑罵從汝 / 笑骂从汝

#### Descendants

* → Betawi: lu
* → Burmese: လု (lu.)
* → Indonesian: lu, lo, elu
* → Khmer: លឺ (lɨɨ)
* → Malaccan Creole Malay: lu
* → Malay: lu
* → Thai: ลื้อ (lʉ́ʉ)

### References

* “汝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょ (nyo)
* Kan-on: じょ (jo)
* Kun: なんじ (nanji, 汝)、なれ (nare, 汝)、な (na, 汝)、うぬ (unu, 汝)、しゃ (sha, 汝)、いまし (imashi, 汝)
* Nanori: な (na)

#### Compounds

* 汝(じょ)南(なん) (Jonan)
* 汝(じょ)窯(よう) (Joyō)
* 爾(じ)汝(じょ) (jijo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 汝
* なんじ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 爾 女 (rare, kanbun) 若 (rare, kanbun)
/na mut͡ɕi/ → /namʉd͡ʑi/ → /nand͡ʑi/
Originally a compound of 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) +‎ 貴 (muchi, “noble”).
Also written as なむぢ (namuji) in older texts, since the namuchi, namuji, and nanji readings likely existed in free variation until the development of the ん (n) grapheme.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんじ [náꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) なんじ [nàńjí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

#### Pronoun

汝(なんじ) • (nanji)
* (archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

##### Derived terms

* 汝奴(なんめ) (nanme)
* 今(いま)汝(なんじ)は画(かぎ)れり (ima nanji wa kagireri)
* 大(おお)汝(なんじ)小(こ)汝(なんじ) (Ōnanji Konanji)

##### Idioms

* 艱(かん)難(なん)汝(なんじ)を玉(たま)にす (kannan nanji o tama ni su)

##### Proverbs

* 汝(なんじ)自(じ)身(しん)を知(し)れ (nanji jishin o shire)
* 汝(なんじ)の敵(てき)を愛(あい)せよ (nanji no teki o aiseyo)
* 汝(なんじ)自(みずか)らを知(し)れ (nanji mizukara o shire)
* 弱(よわ)き者(もの)よ汝(なんじ)の名(な)は女(おんな)なり (yowakimono yo nanji no na wa onna nari)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 汝
* なれ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.
Derived from 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

#### Pronoun

汝(なれ) • (nare)
* (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 汝
* な Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 己
From Old Japanese.
Possibly cognate with second-person singular informal pronoun Korean 너 (neo).

#### Pronoun

汝(な) • (na)
* (archaic, obsolete; or Tsugaru, Niigata) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

##### Derived terms

* 汝(なれ) (nare)
* 汝(なんじ) (nanji)
* 汝等(なむだち) (namudachi)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 汝
* うぬ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 己
Sound shift from reflexive pronoun 己 (ono), Old Japanese 己 (ono$_2$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うぬ [ùnú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) うぬ [úꜜnù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɯ̟nɯ̟]
* Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

#### Pronoun

汝(うぬ) • (unu)
* (vulgar or Yamagata) second-person pronoun: you
* (derogatory) first- or third-person reflexive pronoun: me, myself, himself, herself, itself, oneself
    Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)

##### Derived terms

* 汝(うぬ)等(ら) (unura)
* うなうな (unauna)

#### Interjection

汝(うぬ) • (unu)
* (vulgar) used as an insult to the second person: you!
    Synonym: 己 (onore)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 汝
* しゃ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
⟨si⟩ → /ɕi/ → /ɕa/ Shift from Old Japanese 汝 (si) of the same meaning.

#### Pronoun

汝(しゃ) • (sha)
* (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 汝
* いまし Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”, honorific).
Possibly also analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i-, a rare Old Japanese second person singular pronoun) +‎ 坐 (mashi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す masu, “to be”).

#### Pronoun

汝(いまし) • (imashi)
* (honorific, archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

### See also

| | a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) | na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) | k- “this” (close to speaker) | s- “that” (close to listener) | a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) | i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) | ono- “oneself” (reflexive) |
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) | な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) | おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | | | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | いづれ (izure) なに (nani) | |
| Location | | | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) | いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) | |
| Direction | | | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) | そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) | あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) | いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) | |
| Manner | | | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) | さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) | | いか (ika) | |
| Time | | | | | | いつ (itsu) | |

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

汝 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
* you
* the name of water, river
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ “Naver Hanja”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, 2020 May 15 (last accessed), archived from the original on 9 April 2021

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

Originally a first person pronoun. Later became a second person pronoun, as is often seen in Japanese. Compare Old Korean 나 (na). Also found in some instances as a self-reference, one, oneself. This sense is more commonly spelled 己 when used in isolation.

#### Pronoun

汝 (na) (kana な)
* first-person singular pronoun: I, me
* third-person reflexive pronoun: one, oneself, itself
* second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

##### Derived terms

* 汝 (nare)
* 汝弟 (naoto$_2$)
* 汝兄 (nase)
* 汝妹 (nanimo$_1$)
* 汝ね (nane)
* 汝姉 (nane)
* 汝人 (nabi$_1$to$_2$)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 汝 (na)

##### See also

* 劍太刀 (turugi$_1$-tati, pillow word that can allude to na)

### Etymology 2

From 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 1 above) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

#### Pronoun

汝 (nare) (kana なれ)
* second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 汝 (nare)

### Etymology 3

Cognate with 其 (si, third-person pronoun) and 己 (si, reflexive pronoun). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronoun

汝 (si) (kana し)
* second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 汝 (sha)

### Etymology 4

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”).
Alternatively, analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 6 below) +‎ 坐し (masi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す (masu), “to be”).

#### Pronoun

汝 (imasi) (kana いまし)
* (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Usage notes

More honorific than masi (see Etymology 5 below), but less honorific than mi$_1$masi (see Etymology 6 below).

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 汝 (imashi)

### Etymology 5

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of honorific verb 坐す (masu, “to be”).
Alternatively, a shortening of imasi (see Etymology 3 above).

#### Pronoun

汝 (masi) (kana まし)
* (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Usage notes

Less honorific than both imasi (see Etymology 4 above) and mi$_1$masi (see Etymology 6 below).

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

### Etymology 6

Compound of 御 (mi$_1$-, honorific prefix) +‎ 汝 (masi, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 4 above).

#### Pronoun

汝 (mi$_1$masi) (kana みまし)
* (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Usage notes

More honorific than both imasi (see Etymology 4 above) and masi (see Etymology 5 above).

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

### Etymology 7

Possibly a borrowing from Old Korean, compare modern Korean 이 (i, “this person”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronoun

汝 (i) (kana い)
* (rare, possibly derogatory) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese
### Han character

汝: Hán Nôm readings: nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, nhữ, dử, nhừ, nở
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.