OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# kwassa kwassa
## English
### Etymology

Perhaps from the French quoi ça? (“what is it?”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈkwɑs.ə ˈkwɑs.ə/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

kwassa kwassa (uncountable)
* A dance rhythm from the Congo (DRC), where the hips move back and forth while the hands move to follow the hips.
** 2019, Barbara Heer, Cities of Entanglements, page 71:Civic spaces for youth like the kwassa kwassa dance classes are often talked about in the township within frames like morality and health.
* A traditional flat-bottomed, wooden fishing boat used primarily in the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (so called because it is "very shaky").
** 2015, Tor Sellström, Africa in the Indian Ocean: Islands in Ebb and Flow, page 318:Day after day, never-ending human tragedies are played out as people risk their lives trying to reach Mayotte in overloaded, rickety kwassa-kwassa boats to see family members, place their children in school, visit a health center, sell products on the market or find an odd job.
** 2016, Rino Coluccello, Simon Massey ·, Eurafrican Migration:The large majority of Comorian migrants arrive by sea in small boats known as kwassa kwassa named after the swaying Congolese dance rhythm.
# disempowering
## English
### Adjective

disempowering (comparative more disempowering, superlative most disempowering)
* Causing a loss of power or agency; debilitating.
** 2009, Michael O'Loughlin, The Subject of Childhood, page 225:On the contrary, Bernstein argues, by presenting a benevolent face to students while failing to change the underlying rules of pedagogic discourse, progressive pedagogies may be potentially more disempowering for students because they mask the workings of oppression and hence make it harder for students to name and usurp it.
** 2009, Christopher J. Keller, Andrew Shutes-David, Remembering the Future:Usually the story that they want is about this privileged group of people who have moved into a poor neighborhood and are doing all this great work for the neighborhood. And that can be very disempowering to our neighbors who have lived and survived and who are caring for each other.
** 2024, Sonya Faber, Monnica T. Williams, Matthew D. Skinta, Power, Discrimination, and Privilege in Individuals and Institutions, page 126:In other words, the more disempowering an interpersonal context is (i.e., the fewer degrees of freedom available there), the more likely invitations for vulnerability will function aversively, evoking more vulnerability or less, depending on which has historically allowed them to minimize contact with the aversive in similar contexts.
* Demoralizing.
** 2013, Lani Russell, Sociology for Health Professionals, page 82:Losing the ability to work was very disempowering.
** 2013, Eleni Contzonis, Light My Candle: The Flame Within:Pain becomes a constant companion when we live in this low level of vibration as we create more and more disempowering stories.
** 2024, Louise Davis, Richard Keegan, Sophia Jowett, Social Psychology in Sport:When athletes perceived the motivational climate to be more disempowering, they were more likely to report controlled motives for their personal goal pursuit.

#### Derived terms

* disempoweringly

### Verb

disempowering
* present participle and gerund of disempower
# enterotoxin
## English
### Etymology

From entero- +‎ toxin.

### Noun

enterotoxin (plural enterotoxins)
* (biochemistry) Any of several toxins produced by intestinal bacteria
** 2012, Gerald T. Keusch, “Invasive Bacterial Diarrheas”, in Lincoln Chen, editor, Diarrhea and Malnutrition, page 54:An isolate from raw fish, serotype 0:6, unable to invade HeLa cells and negative for heat-stable enterotoxin, was clinically avirulent in this model and caused no lesions by histological examination.
** 2012, Phillip Smith, Thomas MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, page 407:A more complex mechanism is used by Vibrio cholerae toxin and by the homolog heat-labile enterotoxin secreted by ETEC strains.

#### Derived terms

* enterotoxigenic
# ישפה
## Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܝܫܦܐ

### Etymology

From Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒅀𒀸𒁍 (/⁠yašpû⁠/, “name of a stone”), ultimately a foreign loan from an unknown source; cognate with Persian یشپ (yašp) and English jasper.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jaʃpeh/

### Noun

ישפה • (transliteration needed) m (uncountable)
* a type of gemstone

#### References

* “yšph”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Hebrew
### Alternative forms

* יָשְׁפֵה (some manuscripts)

### Etymology

Unknown. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognates include Latin iaspis (“a gemstone”), Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis), Hittite yašpu-, Akkadian ašpu, Amarna Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒅀𒀸𒁍 (/⁠yašpû⁠/, “name of a stone”), Elamite ia-áš-pu, and New Persian یشم (yašm), یشپ (yašp, “jade”) (whence Arabic يَشْم (yašm), يَشْب (yašb)).

### Noun

‮יָשְׁפֶה‬ • (yošp̄e) m
* (modern Hebrew) jasper

### References

* Ayil, Ephraim S. (2024). "Chapter 14 ‮יָשְׁפֶה‬ Yošp̄e—Blue Chalcedony". In Identifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004678002_005
# effeminated
## English
### Adjective

effeminated (comparative more effeminated, superlative most effeminated)
* (often derogatory) Having feminine qualities; effeminate.
** 1834, Letters of the Duke and Duchess of Buckingham, page xv:whereas, presently upon his censure at this time, his ambition was moderated, his pride humbled, and the means of his former injustice and corruption removed, you would he not relinquish the practice of his most horrible and secret sin of sodomy, keeping still one Godrich, a very effeminated youth, to be his catamite and bed-fellow,
** 1886, Ford's Christian Repository - Volumes 41-42, page 300:So we get him between the upper and nether mill-stones of a compusory law that requires him to go, and a baffled teacher who forbids him to come– till he is fit for nothing but the reform-school, or the jail, where at last he encounters that physical force which our effeminated public opinion was afraid to have touch him in the first place, when it might have saved him.
** 1991, Lisa Maria Hogeland, Re-visionary Heteroglossia, page 298:While all readers of Praxis occupy the effeminated reader position and double-read, within that position, readers are interpellated as feminists, and as feminist women in particular.
** 2000, Mary Bly, Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans on the Early Modern Stage, page 57:Lisa Jardine sees Viola as an effeminated male, as does Stephen Greenblatt .
** 2012, D.M. Mark, Andrew U. Frank, Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space, page 59:The emperor fortunately did not want to demolish the Alhambra but he tried "to conserve it, but reduced, neutralized and effeminated".
** 2013, Matthew Wickman, The Ruins of Experience:Echoing standard eighteenth-century moral-philosophical platitudes, ancient Highland society is portrayed as "manly" and noble, in contrast with the "effeminated" state of civilizatioon and luxury.

#### Derived terms

* uneffeminated

### Verb

effeminated
* simple past and past participle of effeminate
# empirics
## English
### Noun

empirics
* plural of empiric
* Empirical evidence.
** 1990, Norma L. Chaska, The Nursing Profession: Turning Points, page 249:The notion of retaining empirics may seem paradoxical when the tenets of holism and the requirements of empirics are scrutinized.
** 2001, Donald R. Davis, David E. Weinstein, What Role for Empirics in International Trade?:At one time, this might have been rationalized by the paucity of empirics in the field or its weak theoretical foundations.
** 2005, Charalambos G. Tsangarides, Growth Empirics Under Model Uncertainty: Is Africa Different?, page 16:This does not suggest that these determinants are not important in the growth empirics, but that they have a less important role than the ones we identify as "strongly" robust.

#### Derived terms

* metempirics

### Anagrams

* misprice
# دانایی
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* دانائى (dânâ'i)

### Etymology

Compound of دانا (dânâ, “wise”) +‎ یی (-yi, nominalizing suffix)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dɑː.nɑː.jiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑː.nɑː.jiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑː.nɑː.jiː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɑː.nɑː.jiː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ɔː.nɔː.ji]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪ɒː.nɒː.jiː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɔ.nɔ.ji]

### Noun

دانایی • (dânâyi)
* wisdom
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1422:بلکه خود از آدمی در گاو و خر میرود دانایی و علم و هنرbalka xwad az ādamī dar gav u xar mē-rawad dānāyī u 'ilm u hunarNay, indeed, wisdom and knowledge and excellence pass from Man into the ox and the ass.
* knowledge, learning

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “دانایی”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “دانائى”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# ayá
## Hamer-Banna
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔajá/, [ʔajá̤]

### Verb

ayá (causative aisá)
* to be broken

### References

* Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎, Leiden University, page 298

## Kalasha
### Etymology

From Sanskrit अयम् (ayám), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ayám, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

### Adverb

ayá
* here

### Noun

ayá
* here

## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* alla, allá (Haketía), aya

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish alla (“yonder”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Adverb

ayá (Hebrew spelling אלייה)
* (location) there (over there)
    Coordinate terms: aká, aki, ayí
** 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 155:Ariví al espital de Kfar Saba, i me echaron ayá sin poderme menear.I arrived at the Kfar Saba hospital, and they laid me down there without me being able to move myself.
** 2021 July 14, Aldo Sevi, “La Tant Roza”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎:Tenían ayá lavabó i gaz, ama orno no tenían.They had gas and [a] sink there, yet no oven.

### References

* ↑ “ayá”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.
# waywiser
## English
### Etymology

Compare German Wegweiser (“a waymark, a guide”), from Weg (“way”) + weisen (“to show, direct”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈweɪˌwaɪ.zɚ/

### Noun

waywiser (plural waywisers)
* An instrument for measuring distance travelled, such as an odometer, pedometer, perambulator, etc.
** 1656, John Evelyn, Diary:I went to see Colonel Blount, who showed me the application of the "Waywiser" to a coach, exactly measuring the miles and showing them by an index as we went along.
** 1902, Alice Morse Earle, Sun Dials and Roses of Yesterday:The Emperor Rudolphus II had a curious waywiser or odometer which is attributed to Schissler.
** 2009, Wolfram Dolz, “The Waywisers of Elector Augustus of Saxony and Their New Use in the Survey of Saxon Postal Roads”, in European Collections of Scientific Instruments, 1550-1750, page 44:Therefore, Elector Augustus did all he could to promote the development of mechanical waywisers that would be able to do this work automatically.
* An instrument for determining direction (and possibly other aspects of one's travel as well).
** 1832, Thomas Forster, Annals of Some Remarkable Aërial and Alpine Voyages:Not being accustomed to this cruciform movement, I was not able, by the waywiser, to determine the real direction of the balloon, and on this account M. Robertson suffered to escape a considerable quantity of gas; on which we again fell till the barometer stood at 29 inches, about 50 minutes past seven.
** 1859, Frederick Robert Augustus Glover, The Polymeter, Or Quintant:THE Waywiser is an instrument whereby a man may steer himself where there is no path, or underground, in a mine; or find his way if he have lost it.
** 2002, Stephen Inwood, The Man Who Knew Too Much:The purpose of the waywiser was to enable a navigator to keep a track of a ship's location by measuring and recording the speed and direction of its journey.
* (figurative) A guide; A means of determining the direction in which to proceed.
** 1931, Justice of the Peace and Local Government Review, page 461:We have not sought to make a treatise, but only to set up a waywiser or signpost to show the road the law is taking .
** 1974, Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, page xxxiii:In previous volumes we have often given a few words of help to the prospective reader, intended as a sort of waywiser to guide him through those pages not always possible to lighten by some memorable illustration .
** 2021, Shane Chalmers, Sundhya Pahuja, Routledge Handbook of International Law and the Humanities:This is the research question. This is the waywiser.

### Anagrams

* wireways
# antacrid
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ acrid.

### Adjective

antacrid (not comparable)
* (archaic, medicine) Serving to correct acridness of the humours.
** 1770, Charles Alston, John Hope, Lectures on the Materia Medica, page 58:It is antacrid probably; is called a specific for the epilepsy, and all corrvulsive disorders; and commended also for vertigoes, apoplexies, pleurifies, quartans, worms, and I don't know what.
** 1772, Nikolai Detlef Falck, A Treatise on the Venereal Disease, page 441:Take extract of lead, mercurial ointment, antacrid cerate , of each an equal part. Incorporate them in a mortar or on a tile.
** 1859 February, Alexander Bryant, “Falck on Venereal”, in Maryland and Virginia Medical Journal, volume 12, page 108:In syphilis, I directed the patient to take of the antacrid tincture 15 drops in a little water or sassafras tea, three times a day, and dress the chancres with the prepared calomel powder, covered with lint, twice a day.

### Noun

antacrid (plural antacrids)
* An antacrid drug.
** 1825, “Dr, Nuttall's Lectures”, in The Lancet, page 580:Antacids and antacrids select, from the mineral kingdom, exhibited per anum, vaginam et urethram, to absorb vitiated secretion .

### Anagrams

* cardiant, radicant, tridacna
# anisomerous
## English
### Etymology

From an- +‎ isomerous.

### Adjective

anisomerous (not comparable)
* Having varied parts; nonuniform
** Varying in number or amount of parts.
*** 1868, Hugh Falconer, Charles Murchison, Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer, page 82:The Elephants with hypisomerous-ridged molars are divisible into the two natural groups, Stegodon and Loxodon; the anisomerous species form a third natural group, for which, as already explained, the term Euelephas is proposed.
*** 1881, Palaeontographical Society - Volume 43, page 77:As an example, in the members of the sub-genus Euelephas, and notably the Elephas primigenius and Elephas Asiaticus, the ciphers of whose molars, he states, are precisely alike in number, he formulates their ridges in upper and lower teeth thus:—4+8+12::12+16+24, showing that, with the exception of the first and ultimate true molars, the others increase by increments of 4, or, as he terms it, by an "anisomeroous mode of progression."
** (botany) Having the number of floral organs unequal.
*** 2019, Amram Eshel, Chingiz Alekperov, Dafna Langgut, and Israel Oren, “Pollen Morphology of the Genus Tamarix in Israel”, in Bilquees Gul, Benno Böer, M. Ajmal Khan, editor, Sabkha Ecosystems: Volume VI: Asia/Pacific, page 468:Tamarix flowers are anisomerous ( a flower having an unequal number of petals, stamens , or other floral parts). It is possible to find in one raceme anisomerous flowers with different numbers of sepals, petals, stamens, and so on, without any numerical correlation between the organs.
*** 2024, Joseph Dalton Hooker, The Flora of British India: Vol. I, page 573:Fertile stamens anisomerous or twice or thrice the number of the petals
    A plant with four petals and six stamens is anisomerous.
** Reflecting a nonuniform composition; indicative of differing parts.
*** 2006, Russian Journal of Marine Biology - Volume 32, Issues 1-3, page 8:In gravel and anisomerous sand (substrate type I), we found 25 species of nematodes dominated by M. paracircumscriptus and M. itoi; the dominating trophic assemblage was "predators" (2B, 43.2 %).
*** 2016, Olga Grushko, Boris Ovsyannikov, Viktor Ovchinnokov, Aluminum-Lithium Alloys, page 156:In forgings where the fracture is very anisomerous (Figure 6.33 , curve 2b), the grain faces are clearly expressed.
** Changing in a non-uniform manner; Having different parts change by different amounts.
*** 1935, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volumes 21-22, page 5:Through these anisomerous changes the strongly benthonic body shrinks to seventy-five per cent of the length of the head shield.
*** 2006, Russian Journal of Marine Biology - Volume 32, Issues 1-3, page 8:In gravel and anisomerous sand (substrate type I), we found 25 species of nematodes dominated by M. paracircumscriptus and M. itoi; the dominating trophic assemblage was "predators" (2B, 43.2 %).

#### Related terms

* anisomeric
# sleightly
## English
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English sleightely; equivalent to sleight +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

sleightly (comparative more sleightly, superlative most sleightly)
* (obsolete) With cunning; dexterously.
** 1658, Samuel Crooke, Τα Διαφεροντα, or Divine characters in two parts, acutely distinguishing the more secret and undiscerned differences between 1. The Hypocrite in his best dresse of seeming virtues and formal duties. And the true Christian in his real graces and sincere obedience. As also between 2. The blackest weeds of dayly infirmities of the truly godly, eclipsing saving grace, and the reigning sinnes of the unregenerate that pretend unto that godlinesse they never had, page 218:He healeth others sleightly, because he is sick of the same malady
** 1994, William Harrison, Georges Edelen, The Description of England, page 134:The raveled is a kind of cheat bread also, but it retaineth more of the gorss and less of the pure substance of the wheat; and this [manchet], being more sleightly wrought up, is used in the halls of the nobility and gentry only, whereas the other [cheat bread] either is or should be baked, in cities and good towns, of an appointed size (according to such price as the corn doth bear) and by a statute provided by King John in that behalf.

## Middle English
### Adverb

sleightly
* Alternative form of sleightely
# causationist
## English
### Etymology

From causation +‎ -ist.

### Noun

causationist (plural causationists)
* (philosophy) One who believes in a first cause.
** 1982, Lenore Kuo, Causationism: A Theory Regarding the Freedom of Human Action, page 147:That which is "morally good (correct, right)" will have the same meaning, in most cases, for the Causationist ( or Determinist ) as it does for the Libertarian or Compatibilist .
** 2016, Joseph Urbas, Emerson's Metaphysics: A Song of Laws and Causes, page xxiii:As a "causationist," Emerson believes that there is "not a weak or cracked link in the chain that joins the first and last of things," and he defines "causality," therefore, as "strict connexion between every pulse-beat and the principle of being" ("Power,", CW 6:29).

### Adjective

causationist
* Pertaining to causationism.
** 1982, Lenore Kuo, Causationism: A Theory Regarding the Freedom of Human Action, page 148:However , the inability to incorporate such a view of " the good " into a Causationist analysis of morality is not a problem for Causationism.
** 2016, Joseph Urbas, Emerson's Metaphysics: A Song of Laws and Causes, page 158:Emerson's doctrine of the Soul, which the Divinity School Address opposes to that of the Church, is also causationist, since the soul " causes " and speaks to us in one language only " that of cause and effect " ( CW 2:37 , 168 ) .
* Pertaining to a belief that something (violent behavior, neurosis, etc) is caused by specific social conditions (violent media, poor parenting, etc).
** 2013, David Pilgrim, Ann McCranie, Recovery and Mental Health: A Critical Sociological Account, page 162:That ecological trend adhered to causationist arguments.
** 2018, Patrick Lee Plaisance, Communication and Media Ethics, page 256:The communication and social theorists Tom Grimes, James Anderson and Lori Bergen have named the core assertion of this science the "causationist hypothesis”; that is, that simply viewing, reading, or listening to violent media is sufficient to cause aggressive or violent attitudes or behaviors in media consumers, especially if they are children (2008).
# basihyoid
## English
### Etymology

From basi- +‎ hyoid.

### Noun

basihyoid (plural basihyoids)
* (anatomy) The central part of the hyoid bone, which is found at the base of the tongue.
    Synonym: basihyoideum
** 2009, Norman Edward Robinson, Kim A. Sprayberry, Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, page 259:Both sutures are passed dorsal to the basihyoid bone, with the most dorsal suture exiting on the ipsilateral side of the lingual process (asterisk) and the most ventral suture on the contralateral side of the lingual process.
** 2013, Krystal A. Tolley, Anthony Herrel, The Biology of Chameleons, page 21:From the basihyoid, however, it extends dorsally to wrap around the M. sternothyroideus before returning ventrally and curving under the M. episternocleidomastoideus toward the scapula (Herrel et al., 2001b; Meyers et al., 2002)

### Anagrams

* yobidashi
# procerite
## English
### Etymology

From pro- +‎ Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”) +‎ -ite.

### Noun

procerite (plural procerites)
* (zoology) The segment next to the flagellum of the antennae of crustaceans.
** 1881, Hermann Schlegel, Notes from the Leyden Museum - Volumes 3-4, page 133:Merocerite or second joint also furnished with a few yellow hairs, like the carpocerite; terminal filament or procerite a little shorter than the carapace, multiarticulate and provided with long yellow verticilated hairs.
** 1882, William Aitcheson Haswell, Australian Museum, Catalogue of the Australian Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crustacea, page ix:a third, fourth, and fifth joints, narrower than the preceding, and called respectively the ischiocerite, merocerite and carpocerite, and articulated with the last an extremely long many-jointed flagellum or procerite.
** 1888, Thomas Henry Huxley, A Manual of the Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals:In this genus, the basicerite, ischiocerite, and merocerite are much thicker and stronger than the corresponding joints of any of the other appendages; and in the closely allied Scyllarus, the facial region of which is, on the whole, similarly constructed, these joints become extremely expanded and flattened, and are succeeded by no procerite.
** 1888, G. Lovell Gulland, “The Sense of Touch in Astacus”, in Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, volume 9, page 162:There is a large tuft of tactile setæ at the base of the procerite, and a few are continued from that point down the outer margin of the carpocerite; but all the setæ below that point on the upper surface are fringing setæ, as that part is covered by the antennules and the squame.

### Anagrams

* receiptor