# 季

| 季 | U+5B63, &#23395; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B63 |
| ← 孢 [U+5B62] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孤 → [U+5B64] |

## Translingual
### Han character

季 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹木弓木 (HDND), four-corner 2040$_7$, composition ⿱禾子)

#### Derived characters

* 㑧, 𭈛, 𭎰, 悸, 𢯗, 㳵, 㻑, 𦁳, 𬠓, 𡳜, 𬫥, 𧇯, 鯚, 𠃷, 𡮒, 𡦧, 痵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6965
* Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1013, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5B63

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 季 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 季 | *kʷids |
| 悸 | *ɡʷids |
| 痵 | *ɡʷids |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 禾 + 子.

### Etymology

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwai$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kui
    (Hailu, HRS): gui$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ji$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gié
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi$^4$ / kui$^4$ / gui$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kùi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kui$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ji$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^3$
*** Yale: gwai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kui
*** Hakka Romanization System: gui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gui$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kui¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gié
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gi$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi̍
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁴²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kui$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ku̍i
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰui⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kui⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùi
*** Tâi-lô: kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kui¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kui$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khùi
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰui²¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit季 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕi³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕi⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕy⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕi³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ki⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kui⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɐi³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʷɐi³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kwɐi³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kui²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiɛ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ky³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰui²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ki³⁵/ /kui³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjwijH
Rime :
| Character | 季 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居悸切 |
| Baxter | kjwijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiuɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjuɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwi$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kui$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kwi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷi[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 季 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjwij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷi[t]-s/ |
| English | youngest |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 季 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5832 |
| Phonetic component | 季 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 季 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷids/ |
| Notes | 說文從稚省，王煦雲從𥝌（木曲頭，脂部古兮切）聲 |

### Definitions

季
* youngest brother
* last period (of a dynasty, etc.)
    清季 ― qīng jì ― end of the Qing dynasty
* third and final month of a season in the lunar calendar
    季春 ― jìchūn ― last month of spring
* quarter of a year
* season of the year
    四季 ― sìjì ― four seasons
    春季 ― chūnjì ― spring
* period of time; season
    雨季 ― yǔjì ― rainy season
    淡季 ― dànjì ― low season
* (broadcasting) season
* Classifier for harvests.
    一年三季稻 ― yī nián sān jì dào ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname, Ji
    季羨林／季羡林 ― Jì Xiànlín ― Ji Xianlin (Chinese Indologist and linguist)

### Compounds

* 一年四季 (yīniánsìjì)
* 三季
* 乾季 / 干季 (gānjì)
* 伯仲叔季 (bózhòngshūjì)
* 伯歌季舞
* 冬季 (dōngjì)
* 冬季作物
* 冬季運動 / 冬季运动 (dōngjì yùndòng)
* 叔季 (shūjì)
* 單季田 / 单季田
* 單季稻 / 单季稻
* 四季 (sìjì)
* 四季如春 (sìjìrúchūn)
* 四季海棠
* 四季花兒 / 四季花儿
* 四季豆 (sìjìdòu)
* 夏季 (xiàjì)
* 夏季作物
* 夏季季風 / 夏季季风
* 季世 (jìshì)
* 季代
* 季候 (jìhòu)
* 季冬 (Jìdōng)
* 季刊 (jìkān)
* 季咸
* 季夏 (jìxià)
* 季女
* 季子
* 季子囊空
* 季子裘敝
* 季孟
* 季孟之間 / 季孟之间
* 季布一諾 / 季布一诺
* 季常之懼 / 季常之惧
* 季常癖
* 季年
* 季店 (Jìdiàn)
* 季度 (jìdù)
* 季春 (jìchūn)
* 季月 (jìyuè)
* 季札掛劍 / 季札挂剑
* 季母
* 季父 (jìfù)
* 季秋 (jìqiū)
* 季節 / 季节 (jìjié)
* 季節性 / 季节性 (jìjiéxìng)
* 季節洄游 / 季节洄游
* 季節遷徙 / 季节迁徙
* 季路
* 季軍 / 季军 (jìjūn)
* 季陵溝 / 季陵沟 (Jìlínggōu)
* 季雅買鄰 / 季雅买邻
* 季風 / 季风 (jìfēng)
* 季風氣候 / 季风气候
* 展季
* 山牧季移 (shānmùjìyí)
* 換季 / 换季 (huànjì)
* 旱季
* 旺季 (wàngjì)
* 昆季
* 春季 (chūnjì)
* 月季 (yuèjì)
* 月季花 (yuèjìhuā)
* 月鍛季煉 / 月锻季炼
* 東南季風 / 东南季风
* 淡季 (dànjì)
* 澆季 / 浇季
* 秋季 (qiūjì)
* 考季
* 花季
* 藝術季 / 艺术季
* 西北季風 / 西北季风
* 西南季風 / 西南季风
* 諸季 / 诸季
* 雙季稻 / 双季稻 (shuāngjìdào)
* 雨季 (yǔjì)
* 黃梅季 / 黄梅季 (huángméijì)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* season

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: すえ (sue, 季)、とき (toki)
* Kanji in this term
* 季
* き Grade: 4
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲi]

### Affix

季(き) • (ki)
* season
* end of a period
* youngest

## Korean
### Hanja

季 (eumhun 끝 계 (kkeut gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“end, final”)
* hanja form of 계 (“season”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

季: Hán Nôm readings: quý, quí, cuối, quỳ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.