OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# allerlei
## Dutch
### Etymology

Equivalent to aller (“of all”) +‎ -lei (“manner”). From Middle Dutch alreleye, from al + leye (“manner”), the latter perhaps from Old French lei (“law, custom”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɑ.lərˈlɛi̯/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: al‧ler‧lei
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯

### Determiner

allerlei
* all kinds of
    Near-synonym: (informal) allemaal
* various

#### Antonyms

* generlei

## German
### Etymology

From all (“all”) +‎ -erlei. Cognate with Dutch allerlei.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈalɐlaɪ̯/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

allerlei (strong nominative masculine singular allerleier, not comparable)
* all kinds of
* various

### See also

German correlatives * :
| | Interrogative | Relative | Proximal | Distal | Similar | Different | Total | Negative | Indefinite | Indifferent |
| Personal | wer | wer derjenige der | dieser | jener | derselbe ebender ebenjener | sonst wer sonst einer sonst jemand (ein) anderer | jeder alle | niemand keiner | einer jemand irgendeiner irgendjemand mancher | wer auch immer |
| Impersonal | was | was das | dieses | jenes | dasselbe ebendas ebenjenes | sonst was (ein) anderes | jedes | keins | irgendetwas irgendwas manches | was auch immer |
| Optional | welch | welch | dieses | jenes | dasselbe ebendas ebenjenes | sonst welch (ein) anderes | alle | keins weder noch | irgendeins | welcher auch immer |
| Modal | wie | wie | so derart dermaßen | so derart dermaßen | gleich gleichwie genauso | sonst wie anderswie andersrum | egal wie | keineswegs | irgendwie | wie auch immer |
| Categorical | was für | was für | solch derlei | solch derlei | ebenso ebensolch solcherlei | anders | allerlei | keinerlei | mancherlei | was für einer auch immer |
| Temporal | wann | wann | jetzt | dann | ebendann gleichzeitig | sonst wann wann anders | immer | nie niemals | irgendwann | wann auch immer |
| Spatial | wo | wo | da hier | da dort | ebenda gleichenorts | sonst wo woanders andernorts | überall allerorts allerorten | nirgendwo nirgends nirgend | irgendwo mancherorts | wo auch immer |
| Origin | woher | woher | hierher | dorther weither | ebendaher | sonst woher | überallher | nirgendwoher nirgendsher nirgendher | irgendwoher | woher auch immer |
| Goal | wohin | wohin | hierhin | dorthin fernhin | ebendahin | sonst wohin | überallhin | nirgendwohin nirgendshin nirgendhin | irgendwohin | wohin auch immer |
| Countable | wie viele | wie viele | so viele wenige | so viele viele | genauso viele ebenso viele | - | alle | keine | irgendwelche einige | wie viele auch immer |
| Uncountable | wie viel | wie viel | so viel so sehr wenig | so viel so sehr viel | genauso viel ebenso viel | - | alles | nichts kein | etwas | wie viel auch immer sosehr |
| Reason | warum weshalb weswegen wieso | warum weshalb weswegen wieso | darum deshalb deswegen derentwegen | darum deshalb deswegen derentwegen | ebendarum ebendeshalb ebendeswegen gleichfalls | andernfalls ansonsten | (wegen allem) | grundlos umsonst | irgendwie (aus irgendeinem Grund) | warum auch immer |

### Further reading

* “allerlei” in Duden online
* “allerlei” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# اميليوراسي
## Malay
### Noun

اميليوراسي
* Jawi spelling of ameliorasi‎.
# viello
## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin veclus, from Latin vetulus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbjeʎo/
* Rhymes: -eʎo
* Syllabification: vie‧llo

### Adjective

viello (feminine viella, masculine plural viellos, feminine plural viellas)
* old

### References

* “viejo”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Leonese
### Alternative forms

* vieyo, vieyu, vello

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin veclus, from Latin vetulus. Compare Spanish viejo, Aragonese viello.

### Adjective

viello m
* old

#### See also

* LLA

## Old Leonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin veclus, from Latin vetulus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbjeʎu/

### Adjective

viello
* old
** 1247, Fuero de Campumanes‎:iguales a tanto el uno commu el otru assi commo fo de vielloequal to both one and the other just as it has always("since old") been
** 1275, "Piece of a Testament"‎:de Martin viello de mirao.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* Asturian: vieyu
* Leonese: vieyu
* Mirandese: bielho
# Shie
## Japanese
### Romanization

Shie
* Rōmaji transcription of しえ
# чежња
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From че̏знути +‎ -ња. First attested in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃěːʒɲa/

### Noun

че́жња f (Latin spelling čéžnja)
* longing

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2016) “чежња”, in Dunja Brozović Rončević, Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes I: A—Nj, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 130

### Further reading

* “чежња”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# argjand
## Albanian
### Noun

argjand m
* Gheg form of argjend (“voice”)
# Oosterwolde
## Dutch
### Etymology

From ooster- (“eastern”) +‎ wold (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).
* (Friesland) First attested as oesterwolde in 1325-1336.
* (Gelderland) First attested as ostenwalde in 1265.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌoːs.tərˈʋɔl.də/
* Hyphenation: Oos‧ter‧wol‧de
* Rhymes: -ɔldə

### Proper noun

Oosterwolde n
* A village and former municipality in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands
* A village and former municipality in Oldebroek, Gelderland, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
# უმცირესი საერთო ჯერადი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [umt͡sʰiɾesi saeɾtʰo d͡ʒeɾadi]
* Hyphenation: უმ‧ცი‧რე‧სი სა‧ერ‧თო ჯე‧რა‧დი

### Noun

უმცირესი საერთო ჯერადი • (umciresi saerto ǯeradi) (plural უმცირესი საერთო ჯერადები)
* (mathematics) least common multiple

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# дубак
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dubъkъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdubak]

### Noun

дубак • (dubak) m (plural дубаци, diminutive дубаче)
* baby walker
    Synonym: дубалка (dubalka)

#### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

дубе́ть (dubétʹ) +‎ -а́к (-ák)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dʊˈbak]

### Noun

дуба́к • (dubák) m inan (genitive дубака́, uncountable)
* (slang) extreme cold; very cold weather
    Synonym: дубня́к (dubnják)
# Campobasso
## English
### Etymology

From Italian Campobasso.

### Proper noun

Campobasso
* Province of Molise, Italy.
* Town and capital of Campobasso and also the capital of Molise.

#### Translations
## Italian
### Etymology

Morphologically from campo (“field”) +‎ basso (“low”), however the original name in Medieval Latin was Campus Vassorum, indicating that the city was a seat of vassals.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌkam.poˈbas.so/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -asso
* Hyphenation: Cam‧po‧bàs‧so

### Proper noun

Campobasso f
* Campobasso (a town and province of Italy)

### Proper noun

Campobasso m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the place name

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# さちえ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of さちえ – see the following entries. :
| 【幸枝】 | [proper noun] a female given name |
| 【幸恵】 | [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spelling ゆきえ |
(This term, さちえ (sachie), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as さちえ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as さちえ.) :
# čežnja
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From čȅznuti +‎ -nja. First attested in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃěːʒɲa/

### Noun

čéžnja f (Cyrillic spelling че́жња)
* longing

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2016) “čežnja”, in Dunja Brozović Rončević, Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes I: A—Nj, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 130

### Further reading

* “čežnja”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# wrœgan
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wrōgijaną (“to tell, speak, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *were-, *wrē- (“to tell, speak”). Akin to Old Frisian wrēia (“to accuse”), Old Saxon wrōgian (“to accuse”), Dutch wroegen (“to accuse”), Old High German ruogen (“to accuse”) (German rügen (“to censure, reprimand”)), Old Norse rœgja (“to accuse”) (Swedish röja (“to betray”)), Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrōhjan, “to accuse”), Old English wrōht (“blame, accusation”). More at bewray, betray.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwrøː.jɑn/

### Verb

wrœ̄ġan (Anglian)
* Alternative form of wrēġan

#### Conjugation

🛈 This feature is under development and may not always produce the expected forms
¹In Northumbrian, final -n was regularly lost from these forms
²In Late Northumbrian, final -þ was frequently changed to -s
³In Mercian, final -t was sometimes added to these forms due to West Saxon influence

#### Descendants

* Middle English: wreȝen, wreien, wreyen
** English: wray
** Scots: wre, wry, wray
# უნაგირა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [unaɡiɾa]

### Proper noun

უნაგირა • (unagira) (uncountable)
* col

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# Westerkwartier
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch Westerkwartier.

### Proper noun

Westerkwartier
* A municipality of Groningen, Netherlands.
* A historical region in Groningen, Netherlands.
* A neighbourhood of Delft, South Holland, Netherlands.

## Dutch
### Etymology

From wester- (“western”) +‎ kwartier (“quarter, neighborhood”).
* (municipality) Named after the historical region of Westerkwartier in Groningen, the Netherlands.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Westerkertier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɛs.tər.kʋɑrˌtiːr/
* Hyphenation: Wes‧ter‧kwar‧tier

### Proper noun

Westerkwartier n
* A municipality of Groningen, Netherlands
    Meronyms: Aalsum, Aduard, Aduarder Voorwerk, Aduarderzijl, Allersma, Antum, Bakkerom, Balmahuizen, Barnwerd, Beswerd, Blauw, Boerakker, Boerenstreek, Bokkebuurt, Bolshuizen, Breemen, Brillerij, Briltil, Buikstede, De Bombay, De Eest, De Haar, De Haspel, De Holm, De Jammer, De Jouwer, De Kampen, De Linde, Den Ham, Den Horn, De Poffert, De Ruigewaard, De Snipperij, De Tenten, De Wieren, De Wijk, De Wilp, Diepswal, Doezum, Dorp, Dwarshaspel, Eekeburen, Eibersburen, Electra, Englum, Enumatil, Ezinge, Faan, Feerwerd, Fransum, Fransumer Voorwerk, Frytum, Gaaikemadijk, Gaaikemaweer, Gaarkeuken, Garnwerd, Grijpskerk, Grootegast, Hamrik, Hardeweer, Heereburen, Heineburen, Het Schoor, Hilmahuis, Hoogemeeden, Ikum, Jonkersvaart, Kenwerd, Keuningswijk, Kokswijk, Kommerzijl, Kornhorn, Korhorn, Krassum, Kroonsfeld, Kuzemer, Kuzemerbalk, Lagemeeden, Lammerburen, Lauwerzijl, Leek, Lettelbert, Lucaswolde, Lutjegast, Marum, Midwolde, Niebert, Niehove, Niekerk, Nieuwbrug, Nieuwklap, Niezijl, Noorderburen, Noordhorn, Noordhornerga, Noordhornertolhek, Noordwijk, Nuis, Okswerd, Oldehove, Oldekerk, Oosterzand, Oostindië, Oostwold, Oostum, Opende, Pama, Pasop, Peebos, Pieterzijl, Ruigezand, Saaksum, Schifpot, Sebaldeburen, Selwerd, Spanjaardsdijk, Steentil, Suttum, 't Hoekje, 't Kret, 't Malijk, Tolbert, Tolhek, Topweer, Trimunt, Veldstreek, Visvliet, Westerhorn, Westerzand, Wierumerschouw, Willemstad, Zandwijk, Zethuis, Zevenhuizen, Zuiderburen, Zuidhorn
* A historical region in Groningen, Netherlands
* A neighbourhood of Delft, South Holland, Netherlands
# 噱頭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuétóu, xuētóu, juétóu, xuètóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄊㄡˊ, ㄒㄩㄝ ㄊㄡˊ, ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄊㄡˊ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄊㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coek$^3$ tau$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiuq-deu; $^7$shioq-deu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuétóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄊㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuétóu
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^2$-tʻou$^2$
*** Yale: sywé-tóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuetour
*** Palladius: сюэтоу (sjuetou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuētóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝ ㄊㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuetóu
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^1$-tʻou$^2$
*** Yale: sywē-tóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuetour
*** Palladius: сюэтоу (sjuetou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: juétóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄊㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyuétóu
*** Wade–Giles: chüeh$^2$-tʻou$^2$
*** Yale: jywé-tóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuetour
*** Palladius: цзюэтоу (czjuetou)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuètóu → xuètou (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄊㄡˊ → ㄒㄩㄝˋ ˙ㄊㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuèto̊u
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^4$-tʻou$^5$
*** Yale: sywè-tou
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh.tour
*** Palladius: сюэтоу (sjuetou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/ → /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coek$^3$ tau$^4$
*** Yale: cheuk tàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoek$^8$ tau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêg$^3$ teo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːk̚³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$shiuq-deu; $^7$shioq-deu
*** MiniDict: shiuih$^入$ deu; shioh$^入$ deu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$xyq-deu; $^4$xioq-deu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕyɪʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴/, /ɕioʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴/

### Noun

噱頭
* (dialectal) funny or amusing speech or acts; antics
* (dialectal) trick; gimmick; game; trickery

#### Synonyms

* (trick): 花招 (huāzhāo)

### Adjective

噱頭
* (dialectal) funny; amusing; comical
* (Linshao and Yongjiang Wu) visually appealing
       This piece of clothing looks good on you.

#### Synonyms

* (funny): 滑稽 (huájī)
* (visually appealing): (Standard) 好看 (hǎokàn), 拉風／拉风 (lāfēng)
# -ωσις
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Originally the ending -σις (-sis) when suffixed to verbs ending in -όω (-óō) or occasionally verbs whose root ends in ω, but later reinterpreted as a suffix in its own right.

### Suffix

-ωσις • (-ōsis)
* indicating a transformative action

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: -osi
* → Dutch: -ose
* → English: -osis
* → Esperanto: -ozo
* → French: -ose
* → German: -ose
* → Interlingua: -osis
* → Irish: -óis
* → Italian: -osi
* → Latin: -ōsis
* → Polish: -oza
* → Portuguese: -ose
* → Russian: -оз (-oz)
* → Spanish: -osis
* → Ukrainian: -оз (-oz)
# 知惠
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 知 | 惠 |
| ち Grade: 2 | え Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 知惠 – see the following entry. :
| 【知恵ちえ】 | [noun] wisdom, intelligence Alternative spellings 智慧, 智恵 |
(This term, 知惠, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
# modest cadlina
## English
### Etymology

Calque of taxonomic name Cadlina modesta.

### Noun

modest cadlina
* A species of dorid nudibranch, a sea slug of species Cadlina modesta, reported from Point Lena, Juneau, Alaska to Guadalupe Island, Baja California, Mexico.

#### References

* modest cadlina on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Cadlina modesta on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Cadlina modesta on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# bagëti
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* bakti — Gheg

### Etymology

Based on an unattested adjective derived from Proto-Slavic *bogatъ (“rich”) or going back to the otherwise unregistered Proto-Slavic *bogatьje (“richness”). According to Topalli, the final -i is a native suffix. Compare related adjective i/e begatë.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baɡ(ə)ˈti/

### Noun

bagëti f (plural bagëti, definite bagëtia, definite plural bagëtitë)
* cattle, livestock
    Synonym: gjedh
* idiot

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bagëti”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 14
* ↑ Topalli, K. (2017) “bagëti”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 156

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “bagëti”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Newmark, L. (1999) “bagëti”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# Oostrum
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* Aostrem (Limburg, dialect form)

### Etymology

* (Friesland) First attested as aesterma zyl in 1449. Borrowed from West Frisian Eastrum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian āst (“east-, eastern”) and hēm (“home, settlement”).
* (Limburg) First attested as oesterham in 1257. Derived from a compound of ooster- (“eastern”) and ham (“alluvial land deposited in the bend of a watercourse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoːs.trʏm/
* Hyphenation: Oos‧trum

### Proper noun

Oostrum n
* A village in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands
* A village in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands

#### Derived terms

* Oostrummer
* Oostrums

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
# უნივერსალური იურისდიქცია
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [univeɾsaɫuɾi iuɾisdikʰt͡sʰia]
* Hyphenation: უნი‧ვერ‧სა‧ლუ‧რი იუ‧რის‧დიქ‧ცია

### Noun

უნივერსალური იურისდიქცია • (universaluri iurisdikcia) (uncountable)
* (international law) universal jurisdiction

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# Westerlee
## Dutch
### Etymology

* (Groningen) First attested as westerle in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian wester (“western, west-”) and a term cognate to Old Saxon hlêo (“burial mound”). The toponym contrasts with Heiligerlee. Compare Beneden-Leeuwen, Boven-Leeuwen, Leeuwen, Leeuwte, Denderleeuw, Gors-Opleeuw, Lauw, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw and Zoutleeuw. See also Dutch Low Saxon Westerlij.
* (Zuid-Holland) First attested as Westerlee in 1869. Compound of wester- (“western, west-”) and the hydronym Lee (derived from lede (“excavated or channeled watercourse”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɛs.tərˌleː/
* Hyphenation: Wes‧ter‧lee

### Proper noun

Westerlee n
* A village and former municipality in Oldambt, Groningen, Netherlands
* A hamlet in Westland, South Holland, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) “weesterlee”, in Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard‎ (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
# massively multiplayer online game
## English
### Noun

massively multiplayer online game (plural massively multiplayer online games)
* (online gaming) A computer game in which a large number of players can simultaneously interact in a persistent world.
    Synonyms: massively multiplayer, MMO, MMOG

#### Related terms

* massively multiplayer online role-playing game

#### See also

* multi-user dungeon
# open comedo
## English
### Alternative forms

* open comedone

### Noun

open comedo (plural open comedones or open comedos)
* Synonym of blackhead (a type of skin blemish).
# jeruk
## Balinese
### Romanization

jeruk
* Romanization of ᬚᭂᬭᬸᬓ᭄

## Banyumasan
### Etymology

From Old Javanese jruk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʒəˈrʊk̚]
* Hyphenation: jê‧ruk

### Noun

jeruk
* citrus, lemon, orange

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay jeruk, from Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀) or Sundanese ᮏᮨᮛᮥᮊ᮪ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk (“citrus fruits of various kinds”). Compare to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc/*kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʒəˈrʊk̚]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: jê‧ruk

### Noun

jeruk (plural jeruk-jeruk)
* citrus, lemon, orange
    Synonym: limau

#### Derived terms

* menjeruki
* jeruk bali
* jeruk besar
* jeruk dekopon
* jeruk delima
* jeruk garut
* jeruk jamblang
* jeruk jari buddha
* jeruk jepun
* jeruk kates
* jeruk keprok
* jeruk kingkit
* jeruk kit
* jeruk kuku macan
* jeruk kunci
* jeruk limau
* jeruk macan
* jeruk makan jeruk
* jeruk manis
* jeruk nipis
* jeruk pecel
* jeruk pepaya
* jeruk purut
* jeruk sambal
* jeruk siam
* jeruk sitrun

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: djeroek

### Further reading

* “jeruk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

jeruk
* Romanization of ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀

## Malay
### Etymology

From Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀), from Old Javanese jruk (“pickled meat, citrus fruits of various kinds”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ *kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).

### Adjective

jeruk (Jawi spelling جروق)
* pickled, preserved
    ikan jerukpickled fish

### Noun

jeruk (Jawi spelling جروق, plural jeruk-jeruk, informal 1st possessive jerukku, 2nd possessive jerukmu, 3rd possessive jeruknya)
* (food) preserve
    jeruk manggamango preserve
* (dialectal, archaic) any citrus fruit
    Synonym: limau

### Usage notes

The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology (rooted from Old Javanese). The standard Indonesian usage can be seen in jeruk.

### Descendants

* Indonesian: jeruk
* → Tagalog: dalok

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “جرق djĕroek”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 100
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “جرق jĕrok”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 221
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “jĕrok”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 468

### Further reading

* “jeruk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Compare to Old Javanese jruk (“citrus fruits of various kinds”).

### Noun

jeruk (Sundanese script ᮏᮨᮛᮥᮊ᮪)
* citrus, lemon, orange
# coláiste
## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish coláisde, coláiste, from Old French college, from Latin collēgium.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kəˈlˠɑːʃtʲə/ ~ /ˈklˠɑːʃtʲə/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈkɔlˠɑːʃtʲə/, /ˈklˠɑːʃtʲə/

### Noun

coláiste m or f (genitive singular coláiste, nominative plural coláistí)
* college

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
coláiste
coláistí
vocative
a choláiste
a choláistí
genitive
coláiste
coláistí
dative
coláiste
coláistí
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an coláiste
na coláistí
genitive
an choláiste
na gcoláistí
dative
leis an gcoláiste don choláiste
leis na coláistí :

##### Alternative (feminine) declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
coláiste
coláistí
vocative
a choláiste
a choláistí
genitive
coláiste
coláistí
dative
coláiste
coláistí
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an choláiste
na coláistí
genitive
na coláiste
na gcoláistí
dative
leis an gcoláiste don choláiste
leis na coláistí :

#### Derived terms

* coláisteach (“collegiate”, adjective)
* coláisteánach m (“collegian”)
* Gaelcholáiste m (“Irish-medium secondary school”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “coláiste”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 279, page 138
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 157

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “coláiste”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “coláiste”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “coláiste”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025