# 和平
## Chinese

* 和平 (Written Standard Chinese)
* hô-pêng (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hépíng
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хәпин (həpin, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wo$^4$ ping$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vo$^3$ pen$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fò-phìn
    (Hailu, HRS): fo pin
* Eastern Min (BUC): huò-bìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hô-pêng / hô͘-pêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$ pêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu-bin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hépíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hépíng
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$-pʻing$^2$
*** Yale: hé-píng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herpyng
*** Palladius: хэпин (xɛpin)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$和平 核平
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хәпин (həpin, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$ ping$^4$
*** Yale: wòh pìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$ ping$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$ ping$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vo$^3$ pen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fò-phìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo$^ˇ$ pin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fo$^2$ pin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo¹¹ pʰin¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo pin
*** Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵ pʰin⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huò-bìng
*** Sinological IPA : /huo⁵³⁻³³ $^{(p-)}$βiŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô-pêng
*** Tâi-lô: hô-pîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoi'peeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘-pêng
*** Tâi-lô: hôo-pîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ho'peeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hua$^5$ pêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ phêng
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$wu-bin
*** MiniDict: wu$^去$ bin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhu-bin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² bin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: hwa bjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 和 | 平 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 戸戈切 | 符兵切 |
| Baxter | hwa | bjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑ/ | /bˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuɑ/ | /bᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑ/ | /biaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwa/ | /biajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑ/ | /biɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑ/ | /bĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑ/ | /bʱi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huó | píng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wo$^4$ | ping$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj breŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːl beŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 和 | 平 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hé | píng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwa › | ‹ bjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁoj/ | /*breŋ/ |
| English | harmonious | even (adj.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 和 | 平 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4932 | 9818 |
| Phonetic component | 禾 | 平 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 和 | 平 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːl/ | /*beŋ/ |

### Noun

和平
* peace (state free of war or animosity)
    世界和平 ― shìjiè hépíng ― world peace
    維護和平／维护和平 ― wéihù hépíng ― to uphold peace
    和平時期／和平时期 ― hépíng shíqī ― peacetime
    爭取持久和平／争取持久和平 ― zhēngqǔ chíjiǔ hépíng ― to strive for lasting peace
       Shuāngfāng dōu zuò le tuǒxié yǐqiú hépíng. [Pinyin]
       Both sides have made compromises in order to achieve peace.
* Rosa Peace (rose cultivar)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “peace”):
* 兵戈 (bīnggē) (literary)
* 兵戎 (bīngróng) (literary)
* 兵火 (bīnghuǒ) (figurative)
* 兵革 (bīnggé)
* 戎機 / 戎机 (róngjī) (literary)
* 戰 / 战 (zhàn)
* 戰伐 / 战伐 (zhànfá) (literary)
* 戰火 / 战火 (zhànhuǒ) (figurative)
* 戰爭 / 战争 (zhànzhēng)
* 白刃 (báirèn) (literary, figurative)

### Adjective

和平
* peaceful; tranquil; calm
* (of drug effect, etc.) mild; moderate; gentle
* harmonious

#### Synonyms

* (peaceful):
* 嗼寂 (mòjì)
* 安恬 (āntián) (literary)
* 安生 (ānshēng)
* 安謐 / 安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
* 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
* 安靜 / 安静 (ānjìng)
* 寂寥 (jìliáo)
* 寂寞 (jìmò)
* 寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
* 寂靜 / 寂静 (jìjìng)
* 寧靜 / 宁静 (níngjìng)
* 平和
* 平靜 / 平静 (píngjìng)
* 幽靜 / 幽静 (yōujìng)
* 恬 (Hakka, literary or Min Nan)
* 恬倓 (tiántán)
* 恬淡 (tiándàn)
* 恬謐 / 恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
* 恬靜 / 恬静 (tiánjìng)
* 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
* 沉寂 (chénjì)
* 沉靜 / 沉静 (chénjìng)
* 清淨 / 清净 (qīngjìng)
* 清靜 / 清静 (qīngjìng)
* 自靜 / 自静 (zi$^3$ jing$^2$) (Jin)
* 靜寂 / 静寂 (jìngjì)
* 靜寂寂 / 静寂寂 (Hokkien)
* 靜悄悄 / 静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
* 靜生生 / 静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (harmonious):
* 協調 / 协调 (xiétiáo)
* 和協 / 和协 (Hokkien)
* 和好 (héhǎo)
* 和氣 / 和气
* 和洽 (héqià)
* 和睦 (hémù)
* 和美 (héměi)
* 和諧 / 和谐 (héxié)
* 團結 / 团结 (tuánjié)
* 平和
* 緝穆 / 缉穆 (qìmù) (literary)
* 融和 (rónghé)
* 融洽 (róngqià)
* 親睦 / 亲睦 (qīnmù)
* 調和 / 调和 (tiáohé)
* 調諧 / 调谐 (tiáoxié)
* 諧和 / 谐和 (xiéhé)
* 輯睦 / 辑睦 (jímù) (literary)
* 雍睦 (yōngmù) (literary)
* 雝雝 / 雍雍 (yōngyōng) (literary)
* 順 / 顺 (shùn) (literary, or in compounds)

### Proper noun

和平
* (～區) Heping (a mountain indigenous district of Taichung, Taiwan)
* (～區) Heping (a district of Tianjin, China)
* (～區) Heping District (a district of Shenyang, Liaoning, China)
* (～街道) Heping (a subdistrict of Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
* (～縣) Heping County (a county of Guangdong, China)
* (～鎮) Heping Town (several towns in China)
** (～鎮) Heping (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China), originally named 蚝坪 (o5 pian5)
* (～省) Hoà Bình (a province of Vietnam)
* (～市) Hoà Bình (the capital of Hòa Bình, Vietnam)
* (historical) several era names in Chinese history (150; 354–355; 460–465; 551–554)
* Mir (Soviet and Russian space station)

### Derived terms

* 和平主義 / 和平主义 (hépíngzhǔyì)
* 和平使者 (hépíng shǐzhě)
* 和平共存 (hépíng gòngcún)
* 和平共處 / 和平共处 (hépíng gòngchǔ)
* 和平崛起 (hépíng juéqǐ)
* 和平日 (hépíngrì)
* 和平條約 / 和平条约 (hépíng tiáoyuē)
* 和平的君 (Hépíng de Jūn)
* 和平談判 / 和平谈判 (hépíng tánpàn)
* 和平鴿 / 和平鸽 (hépínggē)
* 和談 / 和谈 (hétán)
* 核平 (hépíng)
* 維和 / 维和 (wéihé)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 和(わ)平(へい) (wahei)
* → Korean: 화평(和平) (hwapyeong)
* → Vietnamese: hoà bình (和平)

### References

* ↑ 林倫倫 (2020 March 14) “化俗爲雅的潮汕地名”, in 林倫倫方言茶話‎ (in Chinese)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 和 | 平 |
| わ Grade: 3 | へい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わへー [wáꜜhèè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [β̞a̠he̞ː]

### Noun

和(わ)平(へい) • (wahei)
* peace (ending a war)
    和(わ)平(へい)会(かい)談(だん) ― wahei kaidan ― peace talks
    和(わ)平(へい)合(ごう)意(い) ― wahei gōi ― peace agreement
    和(わ)平(へい)交(こう)渉(しょう) ― wahei kōshō ― peace negotiations
    和(わ)平(へい)を結(むす)ぶ ― wahei o musubu ― to make peace

#### Related terms

* 平(へい)和(わ) (heiwa) (peace, free from war)

#### See also

* 和(わ)議(ぎ) (wagi), 和(わ)睦(ぼく) (waboku)

### Anagrams

* 平(へい)和(わ) (heiwa)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 和 | 平 |

### Noun

和平 • (hwapyeong) (hangeul 화평)
* hanja form of 화평 (“peace”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 和 | 平 |

### Noun

和平
* chữ Hán form of hoà bình (“peace”).

### Proper noun

和平
* chữ Hán form of Hoà Bình (“a province of northern Vietnam”).