# 秧

| 秧 | U+79E7, &#31207; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79E7 |
| ← 秦 [U+79E6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 秨 → [U+79E8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

秧 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中月大 (HDLBK), four-corner 2593$_0$, composition ⿰禾央)
* rice seedlings, young rice plants

#### Derived characters

* 𬝣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 851, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24996
* Dae Jaweon: page 1276, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2599, character 6
* Unihan data for U+79E7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鴦 | *qaːŋ, *qaŋ |
| 佒 | *qaːŋ |
| 咉 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 眏 | *qaːŋ |
| 姎 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 坱 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 映 | *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs |
| 泱 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ |
| 盎 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 駚 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ |
| 軮 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 醠 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 央 | *qaŋ |
| 秧 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ |
| 殃 | *qaŋ |
| 鞅 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 鉠 | *qaŋ, *qraŋ |
| 雵 | *qaŋ |
| 胦 | *qaŋ, *qroːŋ |
| 柍 | *qaŋʔ |
| 詇 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs |
| 岟 | *qaŋʔ |
| 炴 | *qaŋʔ |
| 怏 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 紻 | *qaŋʔ |
| 英 | *qraŋ |
| 瑛 | *qraŋ |
| 霙 | *qraŋ |
| 韺 | *qraŋ |
| 媖 | *qraŋ |
| 渶 | *qraŋ |
| 鶧 | *qraŋ |
| 楧 | *qraŋ |
| 暎 | *qraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ): semantic 禾 (“grain; cereal”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).

### Etymology

Attested relatively late, in the Tang dynasty (Sagart (2011)).
Haudricourt and Strecker (1991) propose a Hmong-Mien origin, but Sagart (2011) argues that the direction of borrowing should be the other way around. He instead proposes an internal Chinese origin, suggesting that it is a cognate of 英 (OC *qraŋ, “grasses at their growing/flowering stage, before producing seeds”) without a -r- infix.
Relationship with Tibeto-Burman items is unclear, due to mismatching initials: Tibetan ལྗང་བ (ljang ba, “shoot, sprout”), ལྗང་བུ (ljang bu, “rice seedling”), Lepcha ᰊᰜᰤᰨᰵ (ta-lyong, “young blades of corn, rice”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yāng (yang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): joeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiang$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): iong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yông
    (Hailu, HRS): rhong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yong$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): óng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ng / iong / iang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ng$^1$ / iang$^1$ / ng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ian
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ian$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yang
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^1$
*** Yale: yāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iang
*** Palladius: ян (jan)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yangr
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: yāngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iangl
*** Palladius: янр (janr)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iang
*** Sinological IPA : /iaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^1$
*** Yale: yēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiaŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: iong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /iɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒoŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: óng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /ouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ng
*** Tâi-lô: ng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
*** Tâi-lô: iong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iang
*** Tâi-lô: iang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴⁴/
* ng - vernacular;
* iong/iang - literary.
* Middle Chinese: 'jang, 'jangX
Rime :
| Character | 秧 | 秧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於良切 | 於兩切 |
| Baxter | 'jang | 'jangX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨɐŋ/ | /ʔɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɐŋ/ | /ʔiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiɑŋ/ | /ʔiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨaŋ/ | /ʔɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiaŋ/ | /ʔiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭaŋ/ | /ĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯aŋ/ | /ʔi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yāng | yǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^1$ | joeng$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaŋ/, /*qaŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 秧 | 秧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14489 | 14499 |
| Phonetic component | 央 | 央 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 央 | 鞅 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaŋ/ | /*qaŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

秧
* rice seedling
* sprout; shoot; seedling
* vine; stalk
* young animal; -ling
* (literary) to transplant rice seedlings
* (dialectal) to grow; to cultivate; to raise
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不論秧子 / 不论秧子
* 串秧兒 / 串秧儿
* 分秧
* 塌秧兒 / 塌秧儿
* 外秧兒 / 外秧儿
* 家秧子
* 念秧
* 拉秧
* 插秧 (chāyāng)
* 插秧機 / 插秧机
* 撓秧 / 挠秧 (náoyāng)
* 旱秧田
* 架秧子
* 栽秧 (zāiyāng)
* 瓜秧
* 秧子 (yāngzi)
* 秧歌 (yānggē)
* 秧歌劇 / 秧歌剧
* 秧田 (yāngtián)
* 秧秧蹌蹌 / 秧秧跄跄
* 秧腳 / 秧脚
* 秧苗 (yāngmiáo)
* 秧針 / 秧针
* 秧雞 / 秧鸡 (yāngjī)
* 秧馬 / 秧马
* 秧齡 / 秧龄
* 花秧兒 / 花秧儿
* 菜秧 (càiyāng)
* 蒔秧 / 莳秧
* 魚秧 / 鱼秧

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: おう (ō)
* Kun: なえ (nae, 秧)、うえる (ueru, 秧る)

#### Compounds

* 秧鶏(くいな) (kuina): rail; water rail

## Korean
### Hanja

秧 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

秧: Hán Việt readings: ương, ưởng
秧: Nôm readings: ương
* chữ Hán form of ương (“seedling, sprout”).

#### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).