# पुस्तक
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Doublet of पोथा (pothā) and पोस्त (post).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pʊs.t̪ək/, [pʊs.t̪ɐk]
* Rhymes: -ək

### Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) f (Urdu spelling پستک)
* book, manuscript, volume
    Synonyms: किताब (kitāb), दस्तावेज़ (dastāvez), सहीफ़ा (sahīfā), ग्रंथ (granth), शास्त्र (śāstra)
    पुस्तकें यहाँ बिकती हैं। ― pustakẽ yahā̃ biktī ha͠i. ― Books are sold here.

#### Synonyms

* किताब (kitāb)

#### Derived terms

* पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
* पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak)

## Konkani
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pustək]

### Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) n (Latin script pustok, Kannada script ಪುಸ್ತಕ್)
* book

## Maithili
### Etymology

From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʊstək]

### Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) (Tirhuta 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏)
* book

#### Synonyms

* किताप (kitāp)

#### Derived terms

* पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)

## Marathi
### Etymology

* नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): पुस्तक n (pustak)
* स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): पुस्तिका f (pustikā)
From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Cognate with Gujarati પુસ્તક (pustak), Hindi पुस्तक (pustak), Konkani पुस्तक (pustak), Nepali पुस्तक (pustak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pus.t̪ək/

### Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) n
* book
    मला हे पुस्तक खूप आवडले.malā he pustak khūp āvaḍle.I really liked this book.

#### Derived terms

* पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak, “textbook”)
* पुस्तक-विक्री केंद्र (pustak-vikrī kendra, “book stall”)
* पुस्तकालय (pustakālay, “book stall”)

### See also

* ग्रंथालय (granthālay, “library”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “पुस्तक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पुस्तक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “पुस्तक”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

## Nepali
### Etymology

From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pust̪ʌk]
* Phonetic Devanagari: पुस्तक्

### Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak)
* book
    Synonyms: किताप (kitāp), किताब (kitāb), पोथी (pothī)

#### Derived terms

* पुस्तकालय (pustakālaya)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পুস্তক (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬸᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
* পুস্তক (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰲𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* ပုသ္တက (Burmese script)
* પુસ્તક (Gujarati script)
* ਪੁਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑍁𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
* ಪುಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
* បុស្តក (Khmer script)
* ປຸສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
* പുസ്തക (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᡠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠤᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧔𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
* ପୁସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
* ꢦꢸꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆶𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖲𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
* පුස‍්තක (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩒𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚰𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
* புஸ்தக (Tamil script)
* పుస్తక (Telugu script)
* ปุสฺตก (Thai script)
* པུ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨃𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Borrowed from some Middle Iranian language. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (pwst'k, “book, document, sutra”), Manichaean Parthian pwstg (pōstag, “book, pergament”) and Persian پوست (pust, “skin, hide”) (from *pōst, from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā); cognate with पवस्त (pavásta), and see the latter for further etymology).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pus.tɐ.kɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /pus̪.t̪ɐ.kɐ/

### Noun

पुस्तक • (pustaka) stem, n
* a protuberant ornament, boss
* book, manuscript, booklet

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Assamese: পুথি (puthi)
* Bengali: পুথি (puthi), পুঁথি (pũthi)
* → Bengali: পুস্তক (pustok)
* Bhojpuri: पोथी (pōthī)
* Dhivehi: ފޮތް (fot̊)
* → Gujarati: પુસ્તક (pustak)
* → Hindi: पुस्तक (pustak)
* Kashmiri: پوٗتھِ (pūthi), पूथि (pūthi)
* Kumaoni: पोथी
* → Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ (pustaka)
* → Maithili: पुस्तक (pustak), पोथी (pothī)
* → Malay: pustaka
** Indonesian: pustaka
* → Malayalam: പുസ്തകം (pustakaṁ)
* → Marathi: पुस्तक (pustak)
* → Nepali: पुस्तक (pustak)
* Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨆𐨠𐨁 (pothi, “document”)
* Odia: [script needed] (pothā), [script needed] (pothi), [script needed] (puthi), ପୋଥା (pothā)
* Pali: potthaka
* Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (puttha​), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (putthaya​), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀬𑀸 (putthiyā)
* → Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ (pustak), پستک (pustak)
* Marwari: पोथी (pothī)
* Sindhi: [script needed] (pothu), [script needed] (pothī)
* Sinhalese: පොත (pota)
* Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠕꠤ (futí)
* → Tamil: புத்தகம் (puttakam)
* → Telugu: పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ)
* → Tibetan: པོ་ཏི (po ti), པུ་ཏི (pu ti), པོད (pod), པུས་ཏི (pus ti), པུས་ཏི་ཀ (pus ti ka)
** → Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠲᠢ (boti) / боть (botʹ, “tome”)
* → Urdu: پستک (pustak)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पुस्तक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0640/3.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pōstaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 478
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331—332
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 319