# cavus
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin cavus (“a hollow, hole”). Doublet of cave and cavum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkeɪ.vəs/
* Rhymes: -eɪvəs

### Noun

cavus (plural cavi)
* (geology) In planetary geology, an irregular steep-sided depression that does not seem to be an impact crater.

#### Related terms

* pes cavus

### Anagrams

* UCAVs

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kawos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱowh₁ós (“hollow”), from *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”). Related to Persian کاو (“hollow”), Old Irish cúas (“hollow, cavity”), Tocharian B kor (“throat”), Albanian cup (“odd, uneven”), Ancient Greek κῠ́ᾰρ (kŭ́ăr, “eye of needle, earhole”), Old Armenian սոր (sor, “hole”), Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya, “empty, barren, zero”), Etruscan 𐌂𐌀𐌅𐌄𐌈 (caveθ). Further related to Proto-Germanic *hūnaz (“outgrowth, swelling; block of wood; offspring”), whence English hune and hound (“projection on a masthead, foretop; bar”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈka.u̯us/, [ˈkäu̯ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.vus/, [ˈkäːvus]

### Adjective

cavus (feminine cava, neuter cavum, comparative cavior); first/second-declension adjective
* hollow, hollowed out, cavernous, concave
    Antonym: plēnus
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.81–82:Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversā cuspide montem impulit in latus [...].As soon as these words were said, [King Aeolus], with [his] lance-head turned over, struck the hollow mountain on [its] side [...]. (The A-B-B-A pattern known as chiasmus: “cavum conversa cuspide montem.” This example separates the adjective “cavum” from its noun “montem,” and creates rhythmical alliteration and consonance through three successive hard “c” sounds. In addition, the Latin word order in lines 81-82 builds tension: The reader first pictures the hollow mountain, next the king dramatically overturning his spear towards it, and lastly striking his spear against the mountainside.)
* excavated, channeled
* vain, empty
    Synonym: inānis
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Inflection

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* cava
* cavaedium
* cavāticus
* cavea
* caverna
* cavitās
* cavō
* cavum
* concavus
* multicavus
* recavus
* succavus

#### Related terms

* cavālis
* cavāmen
* cavātiō
* cavātor
* cavātūra
* cavātus
* caveālis
* caveātus
* caveola
* cavernātim
* cavernō
* cavernōsus
* cavernula
* cavōsitās
* concavitās
* concavō
* excavātiō
* excavō
* incavō
* multicavātus
* subtercavātus

### Noun

cavus m (genitive cavī); second declension
* Alternative form of cavum.

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: cau, cova, cava
* Italian: cavo
* Portuguese: cavo, cova
* Spanish: cavo
* → English: cave, cavus
* → Esperanto: kavo
* → French: cave, gavon

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cavus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 101-2

### Further reading

* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 592
* “cavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cavus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cavus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.