OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# especular
## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin speculārī.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.pə.kuˈla]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.pe.kuˈlaɾ]

#### Verb

especular (first-person singular present especulo, first-person singular preterite especulí, past participle especulat)
* (intransitive) to speculate

##### Related terms

* espècul
* especulació
* especulador
* especulatiu

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin speculāris.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əs.pə.kuˈlar]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əs.pə.kuˈla]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.pe.kuˈlaɾ]

#### Adjective

especular m or f (masculine and feminine plural especulars)
* specular

### Further reading

* “especular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “especular”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “especular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “especular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin speculārī.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.pe.kuˈla(ʁ)/ [is.pe.kuˈla(h)], /es.pe.kuˈla(ʁ)/ [es.pe.kuˈla(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.pe.kuˈla(ʁ)/ [is.pe.kuˈla(h)], /es.pe.kuˈla(ʁ)/ [es.pe.kuˈla(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.pe.kuˈla(ɾ)/, /es.pe.kuˈla(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.pe.kuˈla(ʁ)/ [iʃ.pe.kuˈla(χ)], /eʃ.pe.kuˈla(ʁ)/ [eʃ.pe.kuˈla(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.pe.kuˈla(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.pɛ.kuˈlaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.pɛ.kuˈlaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.pɛ.kuˈla.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: es‧pe‧cu‧lar

### Verb

especular (first-person singular present especulo, first-person singular preterite especulei, past participle especulado)
* to speculate
* to investigate, to search
* to spy

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* especulação
* especulador

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin speculārī.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /espekuˈlaɾ/ [es.pe.kuˈlaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧pe‧cu‧lar

### Verb

especular (first-person singular present especulo, first-person singular preterite especulé, past participle especulado)
* to speculate, conjecture

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* especulación
* especulador
* especulativo
* espéculo

### Further reading

* “especular”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# מג״ב
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /maˈɡav/

### Proper noun

מַגָּ״ב • (MaGa"V) m
* מִשְׁמַר־הַגְּבוּל (mishmár-hag'vúl, “the Israel Border Police”)

### Further reading

* משמר הגבול on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# מזכ״ל
## Hebrew
### Noun

מַזְכָּ״ל • (MaZKa"L) ?
* Abbreviation of מזכיר כללי (mazkír klalí, “Secretary General”).
# Ripollès
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Catalan Ripollès.

### Proper noun

Ripollès
* A comarca in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

## Catalan
### Etymology

From Ripoll +‎ -ès.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ri.puˈʎɛs]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ri.poˈʎəs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ri.poˈʎes]

### Proper noun

Ripollès m
* Ripollès (a comarca in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain; capital: Ripoll)

#### Related terms

* ripollès
# wiôlgòrëba
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *velьryba. By surface analysis, wiôldżi (“big”) +‎ -o- +‎ rëba (“fish”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vjɞl.ɡwɛˈrɜ.ba/
* Rhymes: -ɜba
* Syllabification: wiôl‧gò‧rë‧ba

### Noun

wiôlgòrëba f
* whale (mammal of the infraorder Cetacea)
    Synonym: mòrsczi kóń

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wieloryb”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “wiôlgòrëba”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# valis
## English
### Noun

valis
* plural of vali

### Anagrams

* Alvis, Livas, Salvi, Silva, Slavi, Sliva, Vasil, Vials, Vilas, silva, vails, vials, vilas

## Friulian
### Noun

valis
* plural of val

## Latvian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Walfisch, a Germanic compound where Wal- is from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (“whale”). The word was first borrowed (as valzivs, a compound of val- with zivs (“fish”) on the model of Wal-fisch, in the early 19th century; before that, only expressions like liela zivs “big fish” or jūras zvērs “sea beast” had been used. The form valis appeared in the early 20th century, and succeeded in replacing valzivs completely only in the 1950s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [valis]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

valis m (2nd declension)
* whale (large maritime mammals of the order Cetacea)
    dienvidu valis ― southern whale
    zilais valis ― blue whale
    vaļu medības ― whaling (lit. whale hunting)
    vaļu medību kuģis ― whaler (lit. whale hunting ship)
    lielākie mūsdienu zīdītāji, vaļi (dažu sugu īpatni pat 30 m gari) ir pastāvīgi ūdens iemītnieki ― the largest modern mammals, whales (specimens of some species are up to 30m long) are permanent water inhabitants

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “valis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Piedmontese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vaˈlis/

### Noun

valis f (plural valis)
* suitcase

#### Derived terms

* valisëta
# mòrsczi kóń
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Literally, “Marine horse”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmwɛr.st͡ʃi ˈkwoɲ/
* Syllabification: mòr‧sczi kóń

### Noun

mòrsczi kóń m animal
* whale (mammal of the infraorder Cetacea)
    Synonym: wiôlgòrëba

### References

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wieloryb”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
# Cogealac
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Cogealac.

### Proper noun

Cogealac
* A village and commune of Constanța, Romania.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Turkish Kocalak, from koca.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Cogealac m
* A commune of Constanța, Romania
* A village in Cogealac, Constanța, Romania
# stearcmoda
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstæ͜ɑrk.moː.dɑ/, [ˈstæ͜ɑrˠk.moː.dɑ]

### Adjective

stearcmōda
* inflection of stearcmōd:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular
# Africanisca
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːˌfri.kɑː.niʃ.ʃɑ/

### Adjective

Āfricānisċa
* inflection of Āfricānisċ:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular
# Egyptiscne
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈe.ɡyp.tiʃ.ne/, [ˈe.ɣyp.tiʃ.ne]

### Adjective

Egyptisċne
* strong accusative masculine singular of Egyptisċ
# weard
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* uueard, ward

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wæ͜ɑrd/, [wæ͜ɑrˠd]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *ward, from Proto-Germanic *wardaz, related to a stem-verb *warōną (“be on guard”) (whence warian).
Cognate with Old High German warta (“watch”) (German Warte (“watchtower”)), Old Saxon warda (Middle Dutch warde), Old Norse varða (“cairn”).

#### Noun

weard m
* guard

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

##### Derived terms

* nihtweard

##### Descendants

* Middle English: warde, ward
** Scots: ward
** English: ward

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *wardu, from Proto-Germanic *wardō.

#### Noun

weard f
* guard, the action of looking out for danger

##### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: warde, ward
** Scots: ward
** English: ward

### Etymology 3

From Proto-West Germanic *waiʀd, from Proto-Germanic *waizdaz.

#### Noun

weard n
* Alternative form of wād

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:
# sea otter
## English
### Noun

sea otter (plural sea otters)
* A marine mammal native to the northern Pacific Ocean, of species Enhydra lutris.
    Synonyms: (archaic) kalan, sea ape, sea beaver

#### Derived terms

* sea otter's cabbage (Nereocystis luetkeana)

#### Translations
### See also

* marine otter (Lontra felina)

### References

* sea otter on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* tetraose
# checked
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃɛkt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛkt

### Adjective

checked
* (Canada, US) Having a pattern of checks; checkered.
    a checked tie
** 1946, George Johnston, Skyscrapers in the Mist, page 121:At that moment a long, scraggy individual in a checked suit poked his head into the bar, looked around portentously, whistled mysteriously to my informant, and jerked his thumb and head in the direction of the door.
** 1978, Lois Gould, X: A Fabulous Child's Story, New York: Daughters Publishing Co., →ISBN:Later that day, all X's friends put on their red and white checked overalls and went over to see X.
* (phonology) Of syllables, having a coda.
* (phonology) Of consonants, glottalized.
* Verified or validated in some way.
    a computer program using checked arithmetic
* (aviation or other transport, of baggage) Delivered to the airline (or train line, ferry, etc.) during check-in to be stored in an inaccessible area to the passenger (the hold) during the flight (or other journey).
    Antonym: carry-on
* (crosswording) Of a letter square in a crossword grid, part of both an across word and a down word.

#### Hyponyms

* type-checked

#### Derived terms

* checked build
* checked exception
* checked tone
* unchecked

#### Translations
### Verb

checked
* simple past and past participle of check
    He checked his watch for the third time.
# nikin
## Navajo
### Noun

nikin
* second-person singular possessed form of bikin
# 照燒
## Chinese

* 照燒

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 照(て)り焼(や)き (teriyaki).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàoshāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˋ ㄕㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu$^3$ siu$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàoshāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˋ ㄕㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàoshao
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^4$-shao$^1$
*** Yale: jàu-shāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jawshau
*** Palladius: чжаошао (čžaošao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ziu$^3$ siu$^1$
*** Yale: jiu sīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dziu$^3$ siu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jiu$^3$ xiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːu̯³³ siːu̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

照燒
* teriyaki

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 照 | 燒 |
| て(り) Grade: 4 | や(き) Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 照燒 – see the following entry. :
| 【照てり焼やき】 | [noun] teriyaki (Japanese cuisine) [noun] (cooking) cooking method or the food cooked that way Alternative spelling 照焼 |
(This term, 照燒, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (照焼) of the above term.) :
# anagrind
## English
### Etymology

Contraction of anagram indicator.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈæ.nə.ɡɹɪnd/

### Noun

anagrind (plural anagrinds)
* (crosswording) Part of a cryptic crossword clue indicating that the letters of another word or phrase in the clue should be anagrammed.
** 2000, Melvin Hochster, “FSSC #5: results”, in rec.puzzles.crosswords (Usenet):This is really good. Esp. the beard clue, and 2D, except I don't see the purpose of the scare quotes around 'fantastic' -- there must be a better anagrind for this -- diabolical? weird?
** 2007, Flying Tortoise, “PCWC 172 - And the winner is .....”, in rec.puzzles.crosswords (Usenet):The surface isn't quite ideal: for the candymaker to eat the candy ... but confection is good for anagrind, I see upon checking ... same as concoction.
** 2007, Ilan Caron, “SCWC 27: results”, in rec.puzzles.crosswords (Usenet):"Oldster maybe, but she can drag man away" (7) anag(drag man): definition too vague and weakish anagrind.
# つんつん
## Japanese
### Etymology

* Alternative spelling
* ツンツン
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Adverb

つんつん or ツンツン • (tsuntsun)
* cross, cranky, morose
* aloof, stuck-up
* spiky (especially of haircuts)

### Verb

つんつんする or ツンツンする • (tsuntsun suru) suru (stem つんつんし (tsuntsun shi), past つんつんした (tsuntsun shita))
* be cranky, be cross
* be aloof

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ツンツンし | つんつんし | tsuntsun shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ツンツンし | つんつんし | tsuntsun shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ツンツンする | つんつんする | tsuntsun suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ツンツンする | つんつんする | tsuntsun suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ツンツンすれ | つんつんすれ | tsuntsun sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ツンツンせよ¹ ツンツンしろ² | つんつんせよ¹ つんつんしろ² | tsuntsun seyo¹ tsuntsun shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | ツンツンされる | つんつんされる | tsuntsun sareru |
| Causative | ツンツンさせる ツンツンさす | つんつんさせる つんつんさす | tsuntsun saseru tsuntsun sasu |
| Potential | ツンツンできる | つんつんできる | tsuntsun dekiru |
| Volitional | ツンツンしよう | つんつんしよう | tsuntsun shiyō |
| Negative | ツンツンしない | つんつんしない | tsuntsun shinai |
| Negative continuative | ツンツンせず | つんつんせず | tsuntsun sezu |
| Formal | ツンツンします | つんつんします | tsuntsun shimasu |
| Perfective | ツンツンした | つんつんした | tsuntsun shita |
| Conjunctive | ツンツンして | つんつんして | tsuntsun shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | ツンツンすれば | つんつんすれば | tsuntsun sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# кетчуп
## Belarusian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English ketchup.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʲetː͡ʂup]

### Noun

ке́тчуп • (kjétčup) m inan (genitive ке́тчупу, nominative plural ке́тчупы, genitive plural ке́тчупаў)
* ketchup (tomato sauce)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### Further reading

* “кетчуп”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “кетчуп” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English ketchup.

### Pronunciation

* ке́тчуп: IPA: [ˈkʲet͡ɕːʊp]
* Audio:(file)
* кэ́тчуп: IPA: [ˈkɛt͡ɕːʊp] (phonetic respelling: кэ́тчуп) (proscribed)

### Noun

ке́тчуп • (kétčup) m inan (genitive ке́тчупа, nominative plural ке́тчупы, genitive plural ке́тчупов)
* (tomato sauce) ketchup

#### Derived terms

* кетчуне́з (ketčunéz)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: կետչուպ (ketčʻup)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English ketchup.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɛt͡ʃːʊp]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ке́тчуп • (kétčup) m inan (genitive ке́тчупу, nominative plural ке́тчупи, genitive plural ке́тчупів)
* ketchup (tomato sauce)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ке́тчуп”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
# alphabetical
## English
### Etymology

From Latin alphabēticus +‎ -al. By surface analysis, alphabet +‎ -ical.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌæl.fəˈbɛt.ɪ.kəl/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkəl/, [ˌælfəˈbɛɾɪkəl]
** Audio (California):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˌæl.fəˈbet.ɪ.kəl/, [ˌæl.fəˈbeɾ.ɪ.kəl]
* Hyphenation: al‧pha‧bet‧ic‧al

### Adjective

alphabetical (not comparable)
* Pertaining to, furnished with, or expressed by letters of the alphabet.
    Synonym: alphabetic
** 1986, Arthur Hilary Armstrong, A. A. Armstrong, Classical Mediterranean Spirituality: Egyptian, Greek, Roman, page 486:Paul, who talks about what the magical papyri do, has in his first letter to the Corinthians described basic aspects of alphabetical language.
* According to the sequence of the letters of the alphabet.
    All names were placed into an alphabetical list.
* (obsolete) literal
** 1644, John Milton, The Doctrine & Discipline of Divorce‎, page 31:But if an alphabeticall servility must be still urged, it may so fall out,

#### Derived terms

* alphabeticality
* alphabetically
* alphabeticalness
* alphabetical order
* alphagram
* alphamerical
* alphamosaic
* ASCIIbetical
* nonalphabetical
* prealphabetical
* unalphabetical
* zetabetical

#### Related terms

* alphabet
* alphabetize

#### Translations
### Noun

alphabetical (plural alphabeticals)
* (crosswording) Short for alphabetical jigsaw.
** 2015 March 13, Hugh Stephenson, “A to Z”, in The Guardian‎:We used to publish two, or sometimes three, alphabeticals a year and I am proposing to resume the same sort of frequency.

### References

* ↑ “alphabetical, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000, archived from the original on 2023-09-12.
# にゃあ
## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* にゃ (nya)

### Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

### Adverb

にゃあ or ニャー • (nyā)
* meow

#### Synonyms

* にゃん (nyan)

#### Descendants

* → Russian: ня́ша (njáša)

#### See also

* にゃあにゃあ (nyānyā)
* ごろごろ (gorogoro): purr
# word ladder
## English
### Noun

word ladder (plural word ladders)
* A kind of puzzle in which one word must be transformed into another specified word of the same length by changing one letter at a time, each step yielding a valid intermediate word, as in lead → load → goad → gold.
* (crosswording) A type of cryptic crossword clue in which the each word in the clue defines a single term each varying by a single letter, and all the terms together form a word ladder between the first half of the solution and the second half.
** 1954, The Listener:But his real genius lay in the devising of many entirely new types of crossword, some of which have found enthusiastic imitators . 'Printer's Devilry', 'Playfair', and 'Word-Ladder' , for instance, were his invention
** 1990 10, Listener and BBC Television Review:In the word ladder each rung is a six-letter word which has five letters in common with each of its neighbours (e.g. DISTIL, LISTED, STRIDE, EDITOR, etc). The rungs to be entered in the diagram are not clued but must be deduced from the other rungs which are
** 2012 August 17, Alan Connor, “Crossword blog: meet the setter - Micawber/Morph”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎:Some of Morph's politically themed crosswords stick out: the puzzle where BLAIR changed to BROWN word-ladder-style in the grid via BLAIN/BRAIN/BRAWN and the one featuring various items claimed on expenses by MPs: DUCK ISLAND and so on.

#### Synonyms

* doublet
* laddergram

#### See also

* word golf
# habrys
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈxa.brɘs/

### Noun

habrys m inan
* (Lasovia) Alternative form of abrys (“plan”)
    Já rôbiéłem habrys na ten młyn. ― I was making an outline for this mill.

### Further reading

* Szymon Matusiak (1880) “ʰabrys”, in “Gwara lasowska w okolicy Tarnobrzega, studyjum dyjalektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 170
# inpelli
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* impellī

### Verb

inpellī
* present passive infinitive of inpellō
# bábka
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈbɒp.ka/
** (Biecz) IPA: /ˈbɒp.ka/

### Noun

bábka f
* (Biecz) Alternative form of babka (“wooden vessel containing water and a whetstone for sharpening the scythe; people carry it on the back on a leather belt that they tie around their waist”)
* (Lasovia) Alternative form of babka (“in old rural homes, part of a stove for warming oneself”)

### Further reading

* Roman Zawiliński (1880) “bábka”, in “Gwara brzezińska w pow. ropczyckim”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 226
* Szymon Matusiak (1880) “bábka”, in “Gwara lasowska w okolicy Tarnobrzega, studyjum dyjalektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 170

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaːbka]

### Noun

bábka f (relational adjective bábkový)
* puppet
    Synonym: maňuška
* doll (toy in the form of a human)
    Synonym: bábika

#### See also

* mikulka

### Further reading

* “bábka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# 脫口秀
## Chinese

| | | to come out of one's mouth; to escape one's lips | show |
| trad. (脫口秀/脱口秀) | trad. (脫口秀/脱口秀) | 脫口/脱口 | 秀 |
| simp. (脱口秀) | simp. (脱口秀) | 脱口 | 秀 |
| Literally: “out-of-mouth show”. ||||

### Etymology

脫口秀 has been used to refer to live comedy acts since 1992 or earlier. No later than 2003, it also began to be used to mean talk show. 秀 was borrowed, originally in Taiwan, from English show. 脫口 here is a phono-semantic matching from English talk.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuōkǒuxiù
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tyut$^3$ hau$^2$ sau$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thoat-khió-siù / thoat-kháu-siù / thoat-khó͘-siù
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuōkǒuxiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuokǒusiòu
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^1$-kʻou$^3$-hsiu$^4$
*** Yale: twō-kǒu-syòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuokooushiow
*** Palladius: токоусю (tokousju)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tyut$^3$ hau$^2$ sau$^3$
*** Yale: tyut háu sau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tyt$^8$ hau$^2$ sau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tüd$^3$ heo$^2$ seo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰyːt̚³ hɐu̯³⁵ sɐu̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoat-khió-siù
*** Tâi-lô: thuat-khió-siù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toatqioysiux
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoat-kháu-siù
*** Tâi-lô: thuat-kháu-siù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toatqawsiux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoat-khó͘-siù
*** Tâi-lô: thuat-khóo-siù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toatqofsiux
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

### Noun

脫口秀
* stand-up comedy
* talk show