# 腋

| 腋 | U+814B, &#33099; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814B |
| ← 腊 [U+814A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腌 → [U+814C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腋 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月卜人大 (BYOK), four-corner 7024$_7$, composition ⿰月夜)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 986, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29615
* Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2090, character 5
* Unihan data for U+814B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 夜 | *laːɡs |
| 鵺 | *laːɡs |
| 迹 | *ʔsleːɡ |
| 跡 | *ʔsleːɡ |
| 亦 | *laːɡ |
| 弈 | *laːɡ |
| 奕 | *laːɡ |
| 帟 | *laːɡ |
| 腋 | *laːɡ |
| 掖 | *laːɡ |
| 焲 | *laːɡ |
| 液 | *laːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laːɡ): semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs).
Originally written 亦, see there for more.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”), either via *jak (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or *lak (Shi, 2000; Handel, 2009). Compare Mizo zak (“armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “arm; hand”), Burmese လက် (lak, “arm; hand”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yè, yì
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ye$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jik$^6$ / jat$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yit$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yi̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yid$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): e̍k / ia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êg$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$yiq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yè
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^4$
*** Yale: yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ye$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ie
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^6$ / jat$^6$
*** Yale: yihk / yaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^9$ / jat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^6$ / yed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚²/, /jɐt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yit$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jit̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: id
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
*** Tâi-lô: i̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: êg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ek̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$yiq
*** MiniDict: yih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$hhiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: i$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /i²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yek
Rime :
| Character | 腋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊益切 |
| Baxter | yek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)Ak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 腋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ](r)Ak/ |
| English | armpit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 腋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15000 |
| Phonetic component | 亦 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繹 |
| Old Chinese | /*laːɡ/ |

### Definitions

腋
* armpit; underarm; axilla
* (botany) axil
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 掖 (“to help; to assist”)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 腋 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 腋窩, 腋下 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 胳肢窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 胳肢窩, 腋下 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 胳肢窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 胳肢窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 胳肢窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 胳肢窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 膈肢窩, 胳肢窩, 胳臼窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 胳肢窩, 胳肢窩兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 胳肢窩, 胳肢脖 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 夾肘窩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 夾肘窩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 圪老知兒, 圪知窩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 胳肘窩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 膈老肢兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 胳肢窩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 胳皂窪 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 膈肢兒, 膈肢窩兒, 膈肢窩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 胳勒窩, 胳勒叉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 胳旯窩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 胳肘窪 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 胳澇窪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 夾肢窩兒, 夾窩兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 脅下窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 夾肢窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 膈肢窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 膈肢窩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 膈夾窩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 夾乍窩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 胳肢窩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 胳撓肢 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 胳肋底, 加拿大 humorous |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 胳肋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 胳肋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 肋赤下 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 胳肋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 胳肋 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 胳肋底 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 胳肋底, 胳肋 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 胳肋底, 胳肋 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 肋仄 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 胳肋肢窩 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 胳肋底 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 脅夾裡, 胛下裡, 胛下 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 胳摘窩 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 脅牯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 脅下, 手脅, 脅 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 脅下 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 肋赤下 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 手夾下 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 脅下 |
| Hakka | Changting | 手脅下 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 手脅子下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 手脅下 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 脅赤腳下 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 手脅下 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 手脅下 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 脅下 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 手脅下 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 手脅下, 脅下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 手脅下, 脅下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 手脅下, 脅下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 脅下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 手脅下, 脅下 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 手脅下, 脅下 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 肋赤下 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 手夾 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 肋赤下 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 肋赤下 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 脅下 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 膈辣下 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 膈離間, 膈夾窩 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 胳正窩兒 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 胳肢窩 |
| Jin | Linhe | 圪嶗子窩 |
| Jin | Jining | 膈老肢窩 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 胳肢窩 |
| Jin | Baotou | 胳老肢窩 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 膈肢窩 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 胳肘窩 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 胳肢下 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 胳鹿下 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 胳鹿下 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 胳肢下 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 胳肢下 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 胳鹿下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 胳腋下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 胳腋下 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 胳下空, 胳耳空 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 胳下空, 胳下胴 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 胳下胴, 胳胴跤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 胳下空, 都知 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 胳下空, 胳胴跤 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 胳胴跤 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 胳耳空 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 胳胴跤 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 胳下空 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 胳胴跤 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 胳下胴 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 胳下空, 胳耳空 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 胳耳空 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 胳下胴 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 胳下空 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 胳下空 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | ketiak |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 胳下胴 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 胳囊下 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 胳囊下 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 胳當下 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 膈胳 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 胛胳 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 胛胳 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 膈攬下 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 膈肋下 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 胳囊下 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 胳肋底 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 膈肢窩 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 胳肋竹, 胳肢窩 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 胳落 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 膈臘子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 夾肢窩, 夾肢下 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 肋膈肢底下 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 肋膈肢下 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 脟扎下 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 膈肋下 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 脅肋窩, 脅夾窩, 胳肢窩 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 脅納窩裡 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 脅旯旮 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 脅角納, 脅角納裡 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 狹港 |

#### Compounds

* 一狐之腋
* 一腋
* 事生肘腋
* 兩腋生風 / 两腋生风
* 兩腋風生 / 两腋风生
* 千狐腋
* 山腋
* 提腋
* 狐腋
* 禍生肘腋 / 祸生肘腋 (huòshēngzhǒuyè)
* 縫腋 / 缝腋
* 肘腋
* 肘腋之患
* 肘腋之憂 / 肘腋之忧
* 胸腋
* 腋下 (yèxià)
* 腋毛 (yèmáo)
* 腋氣 / 腋气
* 腋窩 / 腋窝 (yèwō)
* 腋翅
* 腋臊
* 腋臭 (yèchòu)
* 腋芽
* 葉腋 / 叶腋
* 變生肘腋 / 变生肘腋 (biànshēngzhǒuyè)
* 集腋
* 集腋成裘 (jíyèchéngqiú)
* 集腋為裘 / 集腋为裘
* 雉頭狐腋 / 雉头狐腋

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* armpit, underarm, axilla

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えき (eki)、せき (seki)
* Kun: わき (waki, 腋)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 腋
* わき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 腋 – see the following entry. :
| 【脇わき】S | [noun] (anatomy) the armpit, the underarm [noun] the underarm area of clothing [noun] the side of something (this sense may also be spelled 傍 or 側). [noun] a tangent, such as in a conversation [noun] something in a secondary and supporting role: [noun] in ancient Japan, an assistant to the 春宮坊 (Tōgūbō, rank title; responsible for administering eastern provinces) [noun] in the medieval period, old name for 関脇 (sekiwake, sumō rank) [noun] in 能楽 (nōgaku, “Noh theatre”), the supporting role played alongside the main protagonist [noun] in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, recitation accompanying a puppet show), the supporting reciter [noun] in 邦楽 (hōgaku, traditional Japanese music), the accompaniment [noun] something of lesser importance, something on the back burner (often used in constructions such as 脇にする (waki ni suru, “to put off to the side”), 脇になる (waki ni naru, “to become off to the side”).) [noun] short for 脇(わき)能(のう) (wakinō): a type of Noh theatre, performed first in a series of performances, wherein a god or spirit prays for a peaceful reign for the emperor [noun] short for 脇(わき)句(く) (wakiku): the two seven-syllable lines of poetry following the 発句 (hokku, the first three lines of a renga, of 17 syllables and later serving as the haiku form) [noun] short for 脇(わき)百(びゃく)姓(しょう) (waki-byakushō): lower-ranking commoners in the Edo period and earlier [noun] somewhere, someone, or something else Alternative spelling 掖 |
(This term, 腋, is an alternative spelling (less common) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腋 (MC yek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ〮 (óyk) (Yale: óyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛk̚] ~ [e̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [액/엑]

### Hanja

Wikisource 腋 (eumhun 겨드랑이 액 (gyeodeurang'i aek))
* hanja form of 액 (“armpit”)

#### Compounds

* 액모 (腋毛, aengmo)
* 액와 (腋窩, aegwa)
* 액취 (腋臭, aekchwi)
* 액취증 (腋臭症, aekchwijeung)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腋: Hán Nôm readings: dạ; dịch; nách; nịch
* chữ Nôm form of nách (“armpit”).