# gladiator
## English
### Alternative forms

* gladiatour (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Latin gladiātor, from gladius (“sword”). See also English gladius.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtɚ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

gladiator (plural gladiators)
* (in ancient Rome) A person (professional or slave) who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat with another, or with a wild animal.
** 2002, Dirk Wittenborn, Fierce People:My mother prepared herself for the evening with the same somber deliberateness of the gladiators in Spartacus.
** 2017, Howard Jacobson, “The Wages of Indulgence is Darts”, in The Dog’s Last Walk (and Other Pieces), London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:And it's because something of the mundanely manual still adheres to darts that the players' heroic walk of honour from the green room to the oche is so incongruous. The fanfare begins, the strobes go wild, the crowds roar, hostesses wearing the sort of tinsel dresses that drove me crazy when I was eighteen escort the gladiator into the arena, only he's not a gladiator, he's a plumber.
* (by extension) A disputant in a public controversy or debate.
* A professional boxer.

#### Derived terms

* gladiatorial
* gladiatorian
* gladiatorism
* gladiatorlike
* gladiatorship

#### Related terms

* gladiatress
* gladiatrix
* gladiolus

#### Translations
### Verb

gladiator (third-person singular simple present gladiators, present participle gladiatoring, simple past and past participle gladiatored)
* To fight as entertainment for others.
** 1915, The Atlantic Monthly - Volume 116, page 642:When the dance was done there was the cock-fight, or rather a century of cock-fights, to be reckoned with. For two hundred of these luckless creatures 'gladiatored' bravely, while an appreciative audience held matting up to its chin to keep from being bespattered with blood.
** 2013 December 4, “What it's like to spend 20 years on death row”, in The Telegraph:The guards made me fight other prisoners for their own amusement. It was called gladiatoring.
* To compete in a public contest.
** 1994, Saxophone Journal - Volume 19, page 32:I played very well as was evidenced in that I was the only participant in the entire six or seven days of wind gladiatoring who received a standing ovation from the orchestra, no less.
** 2019, Ruth Park, A Fence Around the Cuckoo: Text Classics, page 256:It's himself gladiatoring on the harmonium.
* To debate or argue.
** 1895, Athol Mayhew, A Jorum of "Punch" with Those who Helped to Brew it:He did his gladiatoring doubtless without malice, and from a purely sporting instinct — even as Mr. Punch gave the provocation.
** 1988, Bernard S. Jackson, Law, fact and narrative coherence, page 71:Quoting the accounts in both Time and Newsweek, they note that though the "defense attorney may have outwitted, outsparred, and even "out gladiatored" (another popular image in the trial coverage) his opponent, but he still lost the case.
** 2005, John K. Hale, Milton's Cambridge Latin: Performing in the Genres, 1625-1632:It was all part of the gladiatoring: the true performer would argue each case to the utmost, like a debater or mooter in our own world.
** 2010, John O'Mahony, R. L. Praeger, The Sunny Side of Ireland, page 71:Och! lave off your gladiatoring; sure it's took up I'd be if I did that!
* To act aggressively toward others.
** 1863, The Boy's Yearly Book, page 212:Why, thin, Mister Levi Slam, don't you think now that a volley poured into them haythen mosquitos beyant would put a stop to their gladiatoring a little?
** 1946, George A. Birmingham, The Piccadilly Lady, page 70:It's the Count von Eisenstein," says he, "that's come over to Eire for protection against the murdering English who are marauding and gladiatoring about Germany and would kill him if they could, but thanks be to God," says my bold McQuirk, "he'll be safe enough here and it'll be a good thing to have a friend of the Irish people living in Kilfenora Castle, though maybe you won't like it."
** 1981, Ruth Park, The Frost And The Fire, page 162:Have I been gladiatoring about the place, boys? Did I squeeze the wizendy little fella a bit rough like?

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

gladiator c (singular definite gladiatoren, plural indefinite gladiatorer)
* gladiator

#### Declension
### Further reading

* gladiator on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* “gladiator” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “gladiator” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin gladiātor, from gladius (“sword”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gla‧di‧a‧tor

### Noun

gladiator m (plural gladiatoren or gladiators, diminutive gladiatortje n)
* gladiator; entertainer who engages in mortal combat

## Latin
### Etymology

Derived from either gladiō (“I use the sword”) +‎ -tor (“-tor”) or gladior (“I use the sword”) +‎ -tor (“-tor”). The verb gladiāre/gladiārī is attested only indirectly from derived forms such as gladiātor, ars gladiandī or, in an inscription, gladiantēs.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ɡla.diˈaː.tor/, [ɡɫ̪äd̪iˈäːt̪ɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ɡla.diˈa.tor/, [ɡläd̪iˈäːt̪or]

### Noun

gladiātor m (genitive gladiātōris, feminine gladiātrīx); third declension
* gladiator, swordsman

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Hyponyms

* (gladiator): prōvocātor, rētiārius, secūtor, thraex, hordeārius

#### Derived terms

* gladiātōriē
* gladiātōrium
* gladiātūra

#### Related terms

* gladiolus
* gladius

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: gladiador
* → Czech: gladiátor
* → Danish: gladiator
* → Dutch: gladiator
* → English: gladiator
* → French: gladiateur
* → German: Gladiator
* → Hungarian: gladiátor
* → Italian: gladiatore
* → Norwegian: gladiator
* → Polish: gladiator
* → Portuguese: gladiador
* → Romanian: gladiator
* → Russian: гладиа́тор (gladiátor)
* → Sicilian: gladiaturi
* → Spanish: gladiador
* → Swedish: gladiator

### References

* ↑ Ernst Diehl, Vulgärlateinische inschriften, No. 54
* “gladiator”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “gladiator”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "gladiator", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* gladiator in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to give a gladiatorial show: gladiatores dare at the gladiatorial games: gladiatoribus (Att. 2. 19. 3)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

gladiator m (definite singular gladiatoren, indefinite plural gladiatorer, definite plural gladiatorene)
* gladiator

#### Derived terms

* gladiatorkamp

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

gladiator m (definite singular gladiatoren, indefinite plural gladiatorar, definite plural gladiatorane)
* gladiator

#### Derived terms

* gladiatorkamp

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gladiātor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlaˈdja.tɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atɔr
* Syllabification: gla‧dia‧tor

### Noun

gladiator m pers
* (Ancient Rome, historical) gladiator

#### Related terms

* gladiatorski
* gladiatorstwo

### Further reading

* gladiator in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gladiator in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French gladiateur.

### Noun

gladiator m (plural gladiatori)
* gladiator

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gladiātor, from gladius.

### Noun

gladiator c
* gladiator; entertainer who engaged in mortal combat

#### Declension
### References

* gladiator in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gladiator in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gladiator in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)