# 許

| 許 | U+8A31, &#35377; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A31 |
| ← 訰 [U+8A30] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 訲 → [U+8A32] |

## Translingual
### Han character

許 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人十 (YROJ), four-corner 0864$_0$, composition ⿰訁午)

#### Derived characters

* 𠼯, 𢠇, 𭢒, 滸, 𤡈, 𤾟, 𰘦, 𲇠, 䔓, 𰒊

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1151, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35298
* Dae Jaweon: page 1618, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8A31

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 卸 | *sŋjaːs |
| 汻 | *hŋaːŋʔ |
| 滸 | *hŋaːʔ |
| 午 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 仵 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 旿 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 忤 | *ŋaːs |
| 迕 | *ŋaːs |
| 杵 | *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ |
| 籞 | *ŋaʔ |
| 蘌 | *ŋaʔ |
| 篽 | *ŋaʔ |
| 禦 | *ŋaʔ, *ŋas |
| 許 | *hŋaʔ |
| 御 | *ŋas |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hŋaʔ): semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### “place”

    Related to 所 (OC *s-qʰ<r>aʔ, “place; that which”), 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ, “to be at”), 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ-s, “place”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; also cf. Pan and Tao, 1999).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xǔ (xu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xu$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): heoi$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hui$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hí
    (Hailu, HRS): hi$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xy$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hú / hír / hí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): he$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shiu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syǔ
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^3$
*** Yale: syǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: heoi$^2$
*** Yale: héui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵy̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hui⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hí
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /xy²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /hy³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hy$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /hy⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hy³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
*** Tâi-lô: hú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huo
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan): /hu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír
*** Tâi-lô: hír
*** IPA (Kinmen): /hɯ⁵³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /hɨ⁵⁵/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí
*** Tâi-lô: hí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /hi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /hi⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: he$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /hɯ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shiu
*** MiniDict: shiu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕy³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁴¹/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit許 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕy²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕy⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕy⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕy²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩ʷ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕy³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕy⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕy⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hi³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hi³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /høy³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hy³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /høy³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hu⁵³/ /kʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hy³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xy²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hɯ⁵³/ /kʰou⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hu²¹³/ /xɔu²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: xjoX
Rime :
| Character | 許 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 虚吕切 |
| Baxter | xjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | heoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 許 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | place (n.); allow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 許 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13180 |
| Phonetic component | 午 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋaʔ/ |

#### Definitions

許
* to allow; to permit
    只許看，不許吃／只许看，不许吃 ― zhǐ xǔ kàn, bùxǔ chī ― it is only permitted to look at it but not to eat it
* to promise
    許下承諾／许下承诺 ― xǔ xià chéngnuò ― to make a promise
* to betroth
       Wǒmen jiā gūniang yǐjīng xǔ le rénjiar le. [Pinyin]
       Our miss has already been betrothed.
* to praise
    稱許／称许 ― chēngxǔ ― to praise
* maybe; perhaps
* (literary) approximately
    下午三時許／下午三时许 ― xiàwǔ sān shí xǔ ― about 3 pm
* so; such
    許久／许久 ― xǔjiǔ ― a long time
    From: c. 12th century, 朱熹 (Zhu Xi), 觀書有感
    Wèn qú nǎ dé qīng rú xǔ, wèi yǒu yuántóu huóshuǐ lái. [Pinyin]
    [I want to] ask it [the pond] why it can be so clear. It is because running water continuously flows in.
* (literary) place
    From: c. 4th century, Tao Yuanming, Life of the 'Master of Five Willows' (《五柳先生傳》)
    Xiānshēng bùzhī héxǔrén yě. [Pinyin]
    It is unknown where "The Master" hails from.

#### Compounds

* 不許 / 不许 (bùxǔ)
* 丹誠相許 / 丹诚相许
* 也許 / 也许 (yěxǔ)
* 些許 / 些许 (xiēxǔ)
* 介許多 / 介许多
* 以身相許 / 以身相许 (yǐshēnxiāngxǔ)
* 以身許國 / 以身许国
* 何許 / 何许 (héxǔ)
* 何許人 / 何许人 (héxǔrén)
* 倒許 / 倒许
* 允許 / 允许 (yǔnxǔ)
* 公許碼頭 / 公许码头
* 准許 (zhǔnxǔ)
* 口許 / 口许
* 嘉許 / 嘉许 (jiāxǔ)
* 如許 / 如许
* 孤高自許 / 孤高自许
* 容許 / 容许 (róngxǔ)
* 寧許 / 宁许
* 封官許願 / 封官许愿
* 少許 / 少许 (shǎoxǔ)
* 幾許 / 几许 (jǐxǔ)
* 心許 / 心许
* 應許 / 应许 (yīngxǔ)
* 或許 / 或许 (huòxǔ)
* 推許 / 推许
* 期許 / 期许 (qīxǔ)
* 滿應滿許 / 满应满许
* 片許 / 片许
* 特許 / 特许 (tèxǔ)
* 特許行業 / 特许行业
* 特許費 / 特许费
* 目成心許 / 目成心许
* 稍許 / 稍许 (shāoxǔ)
* 稱許 / 称许 (chēngxǔ)
* 肯許 / 肯许
* 自我期許 / 自我期许
* 自許 / 自许 (zìxǔ)
* 興許 / 兴许 (xīngxǔ)
* 許久 / 许久 (xǔjiǔ)
* 許事 / 许事
* 許可 / 许可 (xǔkě)
* 許可證 / 许可证 (xǔkězhèng)
* 許多 / 许多 (xǔduō)
* 許大 / 许大
* 許婚 / 许婚 (xǔhūn)
* 許嫁 / 许嫁 (xǔjià)
* 許字 / 许字
* 許宣 / 许宣
* 許由棄瓢 / 许由弃瓢
* 許由洗耳 / 许由洗耳
* 許許多多 / 许许多多 (xǔxǔduōduō)
* 許諾 / 许诺 (xǔnuò)
* 許身 / 许身
* 許配 / 许配 (xǔpèi)
* 許願 / 许愿 (xǔyuàn)
* 讚許 / 赞许 (zànxǔ)
* 默許 / 默许 (mòxǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: hứa (“to promise”)

### Etymology 2

Originally written as 鄦 (OC *hmaʔ), 𱢬 (among others) in pre-Qin texts. By the Han dynasty, it was homophonic with and written as 許, originally meaning “to allow; to promise”, due to voiceless nasals losing nasality, turning into x- (Zhang, 2022b).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xǔ (xu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xu$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): heoi$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hui$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hí
    (Hailu, HRS): hi$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xy$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy$^3$ / kou$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘ / khú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kou$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shiu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syǔ
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^3$
*** Yale: syǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: heoi$^2$
*** Yale: héui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵy̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hui⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hí
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /xy²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /hy³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hy$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /hy⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hy³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kou$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kô
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔu³³²/
* hy3 - literary (now standard for surnames);
* kou3 - vernacular (obsolete except in place names like 許坂, 許林, etc.).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit許 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕy²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕy⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕy⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕy²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩ʷ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕy³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕy⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕy⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hi³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hi³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /høy³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hy³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /høy³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hu⁵³/ /kʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hy³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xy²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hɯ⁵³/ /kʰou⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hu²¹³/ /xɔu²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: xjoX
Rime :
| Character | 許 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 虚吕切 |
| Baxter | xjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | heoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋaʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 許 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13180 |
| Phonetic component | 午 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋaʔ/ |

#### Definitions

許
* a surname
    許慎／许慎 ― Xǔ Shèn ― Xu Shen (author of Shuowen Jiezi)

#### Compounds

* 許家沖 / 许家冲 (Xǔjiāchōng)
* 許昌 / 许昌 (Xǔchāng, “Xuchang”)

#### Descendants

* → English: Hsu, Hsü, Hui, Koh, Sheu, Syu, Xu
* → Tagalog: Co, Ko (via Hokkien)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǔ (hu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǔ
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^3$
*** Yale: hǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huu
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵/

#### Definitions

許
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 許許 / 许许
* 邪許 / 邪许

### Etymology 4

Zheng (2017) suggests that it is from 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “that”). Compare 耳 (OC *njɯʔ, “ear”) > Min Nan hī.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Pronunciation

* Gan (Wiktionary): he$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̄ / hī
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hyo$^3$ / hya$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hí / hír
    (Teochew, Peng'im): he$^2$ / hu$^2$ / hi$^2$
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: he$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /he²¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄ / hī
*** Sinological IPA : /hy³³/, /hi³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyo$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hiô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /hyɒ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hya$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hya³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí
*** Tâi-lô: hí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hie
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³/
*** IPA (Longyan): /hi²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír
*** Tâi-lô: hír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: he$^2$ / hu$^2$ / hi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́ / hú / hí
*** Sinological IPA : /hɯ⁵²/, /hu⁵²/, /hi⁵²/
* hu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
* hi2 - Lufeng, Haifeng.

#### Definitions

許
* (Gan, Min, Wu) that

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 彼, 其, 夫, 爾 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 那, 該 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 那 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 那 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 那 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 那 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 那 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 那 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 那 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 那, 乜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 那 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 那 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 那 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 那, 乜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 那 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 那, 乜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 𠰻, 兀$_3$, 奈 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 兀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 兀$_3$, 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pizhou | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lianyungang (Ganyu) | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 那 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 那 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 那, 呶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 那 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 那 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 那 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 那 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 葛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Funing | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sihong | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 那, 顧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 那 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 那 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嗰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嗰 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 嗰 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 嚀, 𡃕 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 嗰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 那 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 嗰 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 嗰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 許 |
| Gan | Nanchang (Wangcheng) | 許 |
| Gan | Anyi | 爾 |
| Gan | Lushan | 爾 |
| Gan | Pengze | 爾 |
| Gan | Duchang | 爾 |
| Gan | Wuning (Quankou) | 爾 |
| Gan | Poyang | 爾 |
| Gan | Yugan | 爾 |
| Gan | Wannian | 那 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 爾 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 爾 |
| Gan | Leping | 恁 |
| Gan | Fengxin | 許 |
| Gan | Wanzai | 許 |
| Gan | Fengcheng | 許 |
| Gan | Xinyu | 許 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Shangdundu) | 恁 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Dongxiang) | 恁 |
| Gan | Nancheng | 階 |
| Gan | Nanfeng | 許 |
| Gan | Yihuang | 里 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 許 |
| Gan | Chongren | 許 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 恁 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 改 |
| Gan | Yongfeng | 蓋 |
| Gan | Xiajiang | 許 |
| Gan | Yingtan (Yujiang) | 里 |
| Gan | Guixi | 許 |
| Gan | Jinxian | 恁 |
| Gan | Jinxi | 恁 |
| Gan | Le'an | 許 |
| Gan | Guangchang | 該 |
| Gan | Anfu | 改 |
| Gan | Wan'an | 介 |
| Gan | Jing'an | 許 |
| Hakka | Changting | 解 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 介 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 解 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 解 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 介 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 界 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 界 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 密 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 該 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 該 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 該 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 該 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 該 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 遐 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 哎 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 嗰 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 那 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 那 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 箇 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 爾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 兀$_3$, 那 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 那 |
| Jin | Datong | 那 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 𠰻 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 那, 𠰻 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 那 |
| Jin | Linhe | 那 |
| Jin | Jining | 那 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 那 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 那 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 那 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 那 |
| Jin | Handan | 那 |
| Jin | Suide | 那 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 兀$_4$ |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 兀$_4$ |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 兀$_4$ |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 兀$_4$ |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 那 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 許 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 許 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 彼, 許 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 彼, 許 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 彼, 許 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 那 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 彼, 許 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 彼 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 許 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 許 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 許 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 許 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 許 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 許 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 許 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 兀$_4$ |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 兀$_4$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 埃, 伊 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 威 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 艾, 港, 葛 also this |
| Wu | Suzhou | 歸 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 介面 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 過 |
| Wu | Changshu | 過 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 過 |
| Wu | Danyang | 過 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Zhongbao, Gaochun) | 古 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 許 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 麼 |
| Wu | Yushan | 忽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 那 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 喏 |

##### Compounds

* 許個 / 许个
* 許塊 / 许块
* 許陣 / 许阵
* 許頭 / 许头

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “许”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 293.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* permit
* approve
* place below, vicinity

#### Readings

* Go-on: こ (ko)
* Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
* Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 許す, Jōyō)、ばかり (bakari, 許り)、もと (moto, 許)

#### Compounds

* お手(て)許(もと) (otemoto), 御手(おて)許(もと) (otemoto)
* 不(ふ)許(きょ) (fukyo, “not permitting”)

### Noun

For pronunciation and definitions of 許 – see the following entry. :
| 【下もと】1 | [noun] the lower portion, base [noun] under the influence of |
(This term, 許, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

許 (eumhun 허락할 허 (heorakhal heo))
* hanja form of 허 (“approve”)

#### Compounds

* 허락 (許諾, heorak, “consent; permission”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

許: Hán Nôm readings: hứa, hớ, hở, hử, hữ, ngỏ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.