OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# furrow
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English furgh, forow, from Old English furh, from Proto-West Germanic *furh, from Proto-Germanic *furhs (compare Saterland Frisian Fuurge, Dutch voor, German Furche, Swedish fåra, Norwegian Bokmål fure), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Compare Welsh rhych (“furrow”), Latin porca (“ridge, balk”), Lithuanian prapar̃šas (“ditch”), Sanskrit पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈfʌɹoʊ/, /ˈfɝoʊ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfʌɹəʊ/
* Audio (US, without the hurry–furry merger):(file)
* Audio (US, hurry–furry merger):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌɹəʊ

### Noun

furrow (plural furrows)
* A trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop.
    Don't walk across that deep furrow in the field.
** 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 217:The family feeling was intensified as we stopped to speak to mothers in the cottage gardens, or waved to distant tractors turning over chocolate-brown furrows and driven by 'my dad' or 'my Uncle Bob'.
* Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal.
* A deep wrinkle in the skin of the face, especially on the forehead.
    When she was tired, a deep furrow appeared on her forehead.

#### Derived terms

* backfurrow
* cleavage furrow
* dead furrow
* draw a straight furrow
* furrowless
* furrowlike
* furrowy
* iliac furrow
* plough a lonely furrow
* plough one's own furrow
* underfurrow

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

furrow (third-person singular simple present furrows, present participle furrowing, simple past and past participle furrowed)
* (transitive) To cut one or more grooves in (the ground, etc.).
    Cart wheels can furrow roads.
** 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part III”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 47:Morn in the white wake of the morning star / Came furrowing all the orient into gold.
* (transitive) To wrinkle.
* (transitive) To pull one's brows or eyebrows together due to concentration, worry, etc.
    Synonym: frown
    As she pored over the company's bewildering tax documents, she furrowed her brows and began to frown.
* (intransitive) to become furrowed
** 2016 February 20, “Obituary: Antonin Scalia: Always Right”, in The Economist‎:If you were bold enough to ask Antonin Scalia questions, you had to be precise. Otherwise the bushy black brows would furrow, the chin would crumple and the pudgy, puckish body would start to rock, eager to get at you.

#### Derived terms

* backfurrow
* furrowable
* furrower
* furrowing
* underfurrow
* unfurrow
* unfurrowed
# allaid
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From al (“beyond”), compare cendaid (“tame, domesticated”) from cend (“head”) and similar pairs like cenntar (“this world here”) and alltar (“the afterlife”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈal͈ɨðʲ]

### Adjective

allaid
* wild, undomesticated
* (nominalized, neuter) wild animal

#### Inflection

*not when substantivized

#### Derived terms

* damán allaid

#### Descendants

* Irish: allaidh
* Manx: oaldey
* Scottish Gaelic: allaidh

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Vendryes, Joseph (1959) “allaid”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume A, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page A-62

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “allaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# ἀναρχία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἄναρχος (ánarkhos, “without leader”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, abstract noun suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.nar.kʰí.aː/ → /a.narˈçi.a/ → /a.narˈçi.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.nar.kʰí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.narˈkʰi.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.narˈçi.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.narˈçi.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.narˈçi.a/

### Noun

ἀναρχίᾱ • (anarkhíā) f (genitive ἀναρχίᾱς); first declension
* lack of a leader
* lawlessness, anarchy

#### Descendants

* Bulgarian: ана́рхия (anárhija)
* Catalan: anarquia
* English: anarchy
* Danish: anarki
* Norwegian: anarki
* French: anarchie
* German: Anarchie
* Greek: αναρχία (anarchía)
* Italian: anarchia
* Latin: anarchia
* Polish: anarchia
* Portuguese: anarquia
* Russian: ана́рхия (anárxija)
* Sicilian: anarchìa
* Spanish: anarquía

### Further reading

* “ἀναρχία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἀναρχία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἀναρχία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀναρχία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. anarchy idem, page 28.lawlessness idem, page 480.licence idem, page 488.licentiousness idem, page 489.misrule idem, page 535.profligacy idem, page 653.unruliness idem, page 930.
# ἀράχνη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Pre-Greek origin, although related to Latin arānea. Whether it is the source of the Latin term or they both originated from a different common source is unclear. Basque armiarma and Basque aramu possibly may be distantly related to the substrate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.rá.kʰnɛː/ → /aˈra.xni/ → /aˈra.xni/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.rá.kʰnɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aˈra.kʰne̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aˈra.xni/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aˈra.xni/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aˈra.xni/

### Noun

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη • (ărắkhnē) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης); first declension
* Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (ărắkhnēs).
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1492:κεῖσαι δ᾽ ἀράχνης ἐν ὑφάσματι τῷδ᾽ ἀσεβεῖ θανάτῳ βίον ἐκπνέων.keîsai d’ arákhnēs en huphásmati tôid’ asebeî thanátōi bíon ekpnéōn.
** spider web
    Synonym: ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῐον (ărắkhnĭon)
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 286
** cow parsnip
    Synonym: σφονδῠ́λῐον (sphondŭ́lĭon)
** A kind of sundial (mollusc).

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓ρᾰχνᾰ́ομαι (ărăkhnắomai)
* ᾰ̓ρᾰχνοειδής (ărăkhnoeidḗs)
* ᾰ̓ρᾰχνώδης (ărăkhnṓdēs)
* σῠνᾰρᾰχνόομαι (sŭnărăkhnóomai)

#### Related terms

* ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (ărắkhnēs)
* ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῐον (ărắkhnĭon)
* ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῐόω (ărắkhnĭóō)
* ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῐώδης (ărắkhnĭṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* > Greek: αράχνη (aráchni) (inherited)
* > Pontic Greek: αράχνα (aráchna), ’ράχνα (’ráchna), ’ράχνα̤ (’ráchnä), αράνα (arána) (inherited)
** → Laz: რახნა (raxna)
** → Turkish: arahna, araḫana, rağna, rahna, raḫna
* > Tsakonian: αράχνα (aráchna), αράχλα (aráchla) (inherited)
* →? Latin: arānea
* ⇒ Translingual: Arachnida
** ⇒ English: arachnoid
** → French: arachnide
*** → English: arachnid

### References

* “ἀράχνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

### Further reading

* “ἀράχνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἀράχνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀράχνη in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. spider idem, page 801.
# frocio
## Italian
### Etymology 1

Probably from frocia (“nostril”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Rome) IPA: /fɾɔʃo/

#### Noun

frocio m (plural froci)
* (derogatory, Rome, dated) a German
    Synonym: crucco
** 1909, Cesare Pascarella, “La musica nostra”, in Sonetti:Be’, che dice? Che l’opera italiana È la più mejo musica der monno. E tu che soni appena la campana, Me venghi a di’ che er frocio sia profonno?Well, what does she say? That Italian opera is the best music of the world. And you who barely play the bell come telling me that the German is deep?

### Etymology 2

Uncertain.
* Likely from Latin flūxus (passed through a minor Italian cognate stratum). Cognate with floscio (and the regional froscio), Galician frouxo, Portuguese froucho, Sicilian frocia, Spanish flojo.
* Others believe to be same as above, with a semantical shift. Alternatively from Venetan fenocio (“(slang) gay”) with rhoticisation of the /-n-/ by influence of the above term.

#### Alternative forms

* froscio
* frocia (LGBT slang)
* frociə (LGBT slang)
* frocie (LGBT slang, collective)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfrɔ.t͡ʃo/
* Rhymes: -ɔtʃo
* Hyphenation: frò‧cio (standard)
* IPA: /ˈfɾɔ.ʃo/ (Central, Central-Southern)
* IPA: /ˈfɾɔ.ʃɔ/ (Southern)

#### Adjective

frocio (feminine frocia, masculine plural froci, feminine plural frocie) (derogatory, originally Rome)
* (vulgar, mostly derogatory) gay, homosexual

#### Noun

frocio m (plural froci) (derogatory, originally Rome)
* (vulgar, derogatory, outgroup) gay man, poof, faggot
    Synonyms: finocchio, aricchione, ricchione, busone, purpo, checca, checca isterica
** (by extension, derogatory, outgroup) weak person, unmanly person
    Synonyms: femminuccia, mammoletta
* (friendly, ingroup) homosexual person, especially a gay man
    Synonyms: amo, amio, finocchia

##### Synonyms

* (endearing) frocia, frocetta
* (derogatory): aricchione, invertito, finocchio

#### Derived terms

* frocetto
* frociaggine
* frociata
* frocino
* frocione

#### Descendants

* →? Sicilian: frocia

#### Related terms

* moscio

#### See also

* gay
* lesbica
* non binario
* transgender

#### References

* ↑ frocio in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* orfico
# fall off the back of a lorry
## English
### Alternative forms

* fall off a truck (US / Australia)

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

fall off the back of a lorry (third-person singular simple present falls off the back of a lorry, present participle falling off the back of a lorry, simple past fell off the back of a lorry, past participle fallen off the back of a lorry)
* (idiomatic, British, euphemistic) Of an item of merchandise, to come into a person's possession without having been paid for; to have been acquired illegally.
# dhà
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish dá, from Proto-Celtic *dwau, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣaː/
* (Harris) IPA: /ɣɑː/
* Audio (Scotland, Lewis):(file)

### Numeral

a dhà
* two

#### Usage notes

* Used when free-standing (counting, telling a row of numerals etc.), otherwise dà is used.
    Fòn a h-aon, a h-aon, a dhà! ― Phone one-one-two!
    Tha dà chàr aige. ― He has two cars.
    Tha a dhà aice cuideachd. ― She has two as well.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1940) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. I: The dialects of the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “dhà”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
# ἄρθρον
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-dʰrom, from *h₂er- (“to fit”) +‎ *-dʰrom (“tool or instrument suffix”), synchronically analyzable as ἀραρίσκω (ararískō) +‎ -θρον (-thron).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ár.tʰron/ → /ˈar.θron/ → /ˈar.θron/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ár.tʰron/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈar.tʰron/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈar.θron/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈar.θron/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈar.θron/

### Noun

ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (ắrthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension
* (anatomy) joint
    Synonym: ἅψος (hápsos)
* (anatomy) limb
* articulation
    ἄρθρον τῆς φωνῆς (árthron tês phōnês) – vocal articulation
* (grammar) connecting word
* (grammar) an article: a category including the definite article ὁ (ho) and the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós)

#### Usage notes

Note concerning definition #2, ἄρθρον (árthron) was sometimes used to refer to various body parts such as the ankles, eyes, mouth, genitals, etc.

#### Descendants

* Greek: άρθρο (árthro)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄρθρον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130

### Further reading

* “ἄρθρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἄρθρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἄρθρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἄρθρον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* ἄρθρον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. joint idem, page 463.
* ἄρθρον, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# ikbal
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اقبال, from Arabic إِقْبَال (ʔiqbāl).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ik‧bal

### Noun

ikbal (definite accusative ikbali, plural ikballer)
* prosperity

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
ikbal
ikballer
definite accusative
ikbali
ikballeri
dative
ikbale
ikballere
locative
ikbalde
ikballerde
ablative
ikbalden
ikballerden
genitive
ikbalin
ikballerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
ikbalim
ikballerim
2nd singular
ikbalin
ikballerin
3rd singular
ikbali
ikballeri
1st plural
ikbalimiz
ikballerimiz
2nd plural
ikbaliniz
ikballeriniz
3rd plural
ikballeri
ikballeri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
ikbalimi
ikballerimi
2nd singular
ikbalini
ikballerini
3rd singular
ikbalini
ikballerini
1st plural
ikbalimizi
ikballerimizi
2nd plural
ikbalinizi
ikballerinizi
3rd plural
ikballerini
ikballerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
ikbalime
ikballerime
2nd singular
ikbaline
ikballerine
3rd singular
ikbaline
ikballerine
1st plural
ikbalimize
ikballerimize
2nd plural
ikbalinize
ikballerinize
3rd plural
ikballerine
ikballerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
ikbalimde
ikballerimde
2nd singular
ikbalinde
ikballerinde
3rd singular
ikbalinde
ikballerinde
1st plural
ikbalimizde
ikballerimizde
2nd plural
ikbalinizde
ikballerinizde
3rd plural
ikballerinde
ikballerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
ikbalimden
ikballerimden
2nd singular
ikbalinden
ikballerinden
3rd singular
ikbalinden
ikballerinden
1st plural
ikbalimizden
ikballerimizden
2nd plural
ikbalinizden
ikballerinizden
3rd plural
ikballerinden
ikballerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
ikbalimin
ikballerimin
2nd singular
ikbalinin
ikballerinin
3rd singular
ikbalinin
ikballerinin
1st plural
ikbalimizin
ikballerimizin
2nd plural
ikbalinizin
ikballerinizin
3rd plural
ikballerinin
ikballerinin :

#### Derived terms

* ikballi
* ikbalsiz

### Further reading

* “ikbal”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “ikbal”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# howe
## English
### Noun

howe (plural howes)
* Alternative form of how (a tumulus, a bowl barrow).

### Anagrams

* WeHo

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman houe.

#### Alternative forms

* houwe

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɔu̯(ə)/

#### Noun

howe (plural howes)
* mattock, pickaxe.

##### Descendants

* English: hoe
* Yola: howe

##### References

* “houe, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

howe
* Alternative form of hough (“hough, hock”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

howe
* Alternative form of houve

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* ho-we

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 好的 (hó--ê, “significant other; boyfriend; girlfriend; sweetheart; soulmate”, literally “the good one”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈhoe/ [ˈhoː.ɛ]
* Rhymes: -oe
* Syllabification: ho‧we

### Noun

howe (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜏᜒ) (Chinese Filipino)
* significant other; romantic partner; boyfriend; girlfriend; lover; sweetheart; soulmate
    Synonyms: kasintahan, karelasyon, siyota, jowa

### Further reading

* Mae Coyiuto (2023) Chloe and the Kaishao Boys‎, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 15
* Erin Chupeco (2012) Charles Tan, editor, Lauriat: A Filipino-Chinese Speculative Fiction Anthology‎, Maple Shade, New Jersey: Lethe Press, Inc., page 20

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English howe, from Anglo-Norman houe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /həʊ/

### Noun

howe
* hoe

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 47
# ygtyýar
## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِيَار (iḵtiyār). Compare Turkish ihtiyar.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: yg‧ty‧ýar

### Noun

ygtyýar (definite accusative ygtyýary, plural ygtyýarlar)
* authority
* permission

#### Derived terms

* ygtyýarly (“authorised”)
* ygtyýarlylyk (“authority”)
* ygtyýarsyz (“unauthorised”)
* ygtyýarsyzlyk (“lack of authority”)

### Further reading

* “ygtyýar” in Enedilim.com
* “ygtyýar” in Webonary.org
# דגם
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Back-formation of דֻּגְמָה / דּוּגְמָה (dugmá).

### Noun

דֶּגֶם • (dégem) m (plural indefinite דגמים, plural construct דגמי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
* a model (of a product)
# sibilo
## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

sibilo m (plural sibili)
* hiss, hissing
* whistle, whistling
* whine

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sibilo
* first-person singular present indicative of sibilare

## Latin
### Etymology

From sībilus (“a hissing”) +‎ -ō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsiː.bi.loː/, [ˈs̠iːbɪɫ̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsi.bi.lo/, [ˈsiːbilo]

### Verb

sībilō (present infinitive sībilāre, perfect active sībilāvī, supine sībilātum); first conjugation
* to hiss
* to whistle

#### Derived terms

* īnsībilō
* sībilāns
* sībilātiō
* sībilātrix
* sībilātor

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: sibbiare (archaic, dialectal)
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Ladin: sciubier, scigoler
** Romansch: tschivlar, schular, tgular, schivlar
* Gallo-Italic:
** Lombard: siblar, sivlar, siular, sciular, sigolar, siglar
** Piedmontese: sciuré, scilé
* Gallo-Romance:
** Occitan:
*** Gascon: shiular, siular, sieular, siblar
*** Languedocien: siblar, siular
*** Limousin: siblar, siular, ⇒ eissiblar
*** Provençal: siblar
*** Vivaro-Alpine: siblar
** Old Catalan: siular
*** Catalan: siular, xiular
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: siular (Ribagorçan)
** Galician: xibrar
** Portuguese: silvar
** Spanish: silbar
* ⇒ Merger with *fistulō (or *stifulō through metathesis)
** Gallo-Italic:
*** Emilian: stifler
** Gallo-Romance:
*** Occitan:
**** Auvergnat: fiular, piolar, ⇒ estiflar, estuflar
**** Gascon: hiular, ⇒ estieular
**** Languedocien: fiular, ⇒ estiflar, estuflar
**** Vivaro-Alpine: fiular, ⇒ estiflar
**** ⇒ Limousin: estiflar, estuflar
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)
** *sīfilō
** *sūbilō
** *sūfilō
* Borrowings:
** → English: sibilate
** → Interlingua: sibilar
** → Italian: sibilare, sibillare, sibiliare
** → Portuguese: sibilar

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 753: “zufolare” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* http://ilg.usc.gal/ddd/ddd_pescuda.php?lang=gl&pescuda=Silbar&tipo_busca=castelan
* https://web.archive.org/web/20230421123628/https://locongres.org/oc/aplicacions/dicodoc-oc
* http://arpitan.eu/Tresor/ApreIndex/23424

### Further reading

* “sibilo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sibilo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* sibilo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /siˈbi.lu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /siˈbi.lu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /siˈbi.lo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /siˈbi.lu/ [siˈβi.lu]

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of sibilar.

#### Noun

sibilo m (plural sibilos)
* hiss (sound made by a snake, cat, escaping steam, etc.)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

sibilo
* first-person singular present indicative of sibilar
# ἀτμός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From *ἀετμός (*aetmós) (only attested in an inflected gloss ἀετμόν (aetmón, “wind”)), of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), and connected with ἄημι (áēmi, “to breathe, blow”) (as well as ἀϋτμή (aütmḗ, “breath, scent”), which is now considered unrelated); however, this leaves the vocalism unexplained. Despite superficially similar semantics and phonetics, not from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) (whence German Atem (“breath”), Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “breath; soul”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːt.mós/ → /atˈmos/ → /atˈmos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /aːt.mós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /atˈmos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /atˈmos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /atˈmos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /atˈmos/

### Noun

ἀτμός • (atmós) m (genitive ἀτμοῦ); second declension
* vapor, steam, smoke
* odor

#### Descendants

* → English: atmo-
* Greek: ατμός (atmós)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀτμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

### Further reading

* “ἀτμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἀτμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἀτμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀτμός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* ἀτμός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. exhalation idem, page 291.fume idem, page 349.reek idem, page 684.smoke idem, page 787.steam idem, page 814.vapour idem, page 944.
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
* ἀτμός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011