# libro
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈl̪i.bɾo]
* IPA: /liˈbɾo/ [l̪iˈbɾo]
* Hyphenation: li‧bro

### Noun

líbro or libró (Basahan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜍᜓ)
* book
    Sain mo binakal an libro?Where did you buy the book?

## Buhi'non Bikol
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libró
* book

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: li‧bro
* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈl̪ib.ɾ̪o]

### Noun

libro (Badlit spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ)
* book
* (accounting) journal; ledger

## Chavacano
### Etymology

From Spanish libro, from Old Spanish libro, from Latin liber (“book”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/, [ˈli.bɾo]
* Hyphenation: li‧bro

### Noun

libro
* book (written work)

## Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libro
* book

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From French livre, Italian and Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlibro]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ibro
* Hyphenation: li‧bro

### Noun

libro (accusative singular libron, plural libroj, accusative plural librojn)
* a book
** 2000, Antoine de Saint Exupéry, La Eta Princo, translated by Pierre Delaire from the French
    Iam, kiam mi estis sesjara, mi vidis belegan bildon en iu libro pri la praarbaro, titolita "Travivitaj rakontoj".Once, when I was six years old, I saw a magnificent picture in a book about the primeval forest, titled "True Stories".

#### Hypernyms

* informilo (“a source of information”)

#### Hyponyms

* gvidlibro (“guidebook”)
* jarlibro (“yearbook”)
* kajero (“notebook”)
* lernolibro (“textbook”)
* ringolibro (“book whose pages are held by metal rings, used to hold notes or documents”)

#### Meronyms

* antaŭparolo (“foreword”)
* ĉapitro (“chapter”)
* librokovro (“bookcover”)
* paĝo (“page”)
* postparolo (“afterword”)

#### Holonyms

* biblioteko (“library”)
* libraro (“collection of books”)
* librejo (“any place where books are kept”)
* libroŝranko (“bookcase”)
* librovendejo (“bookshop, bookstore”)

#### Derived terms

* adreslibro (“address book”)
* ĉeflibro (“main book”)
* frazlibro (“phrasebook”)
* gvidlibro (“guidebook”)
* jarlibro (“yearbook”)
* kuirlibro (“cookbook”)
* lernolibro (“textbook”)
* libraro (“collection of books”)
* libreto (“booklet”)
* libristo (“bookseller”)
* librobreto (“bookshelf”)
* librokovro (“bookcover”)
* libroŝranko (“bookcase”)
* librovendejo (“bookshop, bookstore”)
* manlibro (“handbook”)
* ringolibro (“book whose pages are held by metal rings, used to hold notes or documents”)
* taglibro (“diary”)
* tekstolibro (“textbook”)
* Vizaĝlibro (“Facebook”)

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* livro (reintegrationist)

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese livro (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin liber, librum (“book”). Compare Portuguese livro.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈli.β̞ɾʊ]
* Rhymes: -ibɾo
* Hyphenation: li‧bro

#### Noun

libro m (plural libros)
* book
** 2010, Moisés Barcia, transl., Unha lectora fóra do común, page back cover:Nunca mostrara moito interese pola lectura, pero tomou en préstamo un libro, e a este seguíronlle moitos outros, tantos que pouco a pouco a afección se converteu en devoción, o que perturbou as relacións coa súa familia, os ministros, a servidume e os amigos.[She] had never shown much interest for reading, but then borrowed a book, and many more afterwards, so many that little by little her affection became devotion, which disturbed her relations with her family, the ministers, servitude and her friends.
* bible, omasum
    Synonyms: entrefollo, santafollo

##### Derived terms

* libriño

#### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “libro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “libro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* “libro”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

libro
* first-person singular present indicative of librar

## Ibatan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

### Noun

libro
* book

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto libro, French livre, Italian libro, Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈli.bro/

### Noun

libro (plural libri)
* book

#### Derived terms

* libreto (“booklet, opuscule, libretto”)
* exercolibro (“exercise book”)
* evangeliolibro (“Book of the Gospel”)
* guidolibro (“guide book”)
* imajolibro (“picture book”)
* lernolibro (“textbook, instruction book”)
* vortolibro (“dictionary, lexicon”)

## Ilocano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈlib.ɾo]
* Hyphenation: li‧bro

### Noun

libro (Kur-itan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜓ)
* book
    Ayanna ti libro?Where is the book?

## Interlingua
### Noun

libro (plural libros)
* book

## Iriga Bicolano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libro
* book

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin librum (“book”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈli.bro/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ibro
* Hyphenation: lì‧bro

### Noun

libro m (plural libri, diminutive librétto or librìno or libriccìno (more common) or librettìno, augmentative libróne, pejorative libràccio, derogatory libriciàttolo or (literary) libràttolo, diminutive-derogatory librùccio or librettùccio or libricciòlo)
* book
* (botany) phloem; foliage
* omasum

#### Derived terms

* libro di testo

#### Related terms

* libraio
* librario
* libreria
* libresco
* libretto
* librone

### Further reading

* libro in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* libro in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* broli

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From lībra (“a balance”) +‎ -ō.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈliː.broː/, [ˈlʲiːbroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈli.bro/, [ˈliːbro]

#### Verb

lībrō (present infinitive lībrāre, perfect active lībrāvī, supine lībrātum); first conjugation
* to poise, balance
* to swing, brandish, hurl, cast, fling
    Synonyms: iactō, coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, iaciō, trāiciō, iaculor, spargō, impingō, ēmittō, abiciō, permittō, mittō
* (figuratively) to consider, weigh, ponder
    Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, putō, cōnsīderō, reputō, cōnsulō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, pendō, versō

##### Derived terms

* lībramen
* lībramentum
* lībrātē
* lībrātiō
* lībrātor
* lībrātūra
* lībrātus

##### Descendants

* Italian: librare

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈli.broː/, [ˈlʲɪbroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈli.bro/, [ˈliːbro]

#### Noun

librō
* dative/ablative masculine singular of liber

### References

* “libro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “libro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* libro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius (ambiguous) the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am. (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro continetur aliquid (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro scriptor complexus est aliquid (ambiguous) at the end of the book: in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1)

## Libon Bikol
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libró
* book

## Lombard
### Etymology

From Latin liber.

### Pronunciation

* (Old Lombard) IPA: /ˈlibɾo/

### Noun

libro (plural libri)
* (Old Lombard) book
** 1274, Bonvesin de la Riva, Libro de Tre Scrigiure:In questo nostro libro da tre guis è scrigiura:In this book we deal with three types of writing:

## Masbate Sorsogon
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libró
* book

## Masbatenyo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libro
* book

## Mirandese
### Alternative forms

* lhibro

### Etymology

From Latin liber.

### Noun

libro m (plural libros)
* book

## Miraya Bikol
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libró
* book

## Northern Catanduanes Bicolano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libro
* book

## Old Spanish
### Alternative forms

* liuro (alternative spelling)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin librum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈliβɾo/

### Noun

libro m (plural libros)
* book
** c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:dixo el nŕo ſenor a moẏſen qui peccare en mi deſfer loe de mio libro. Agora ue e di ami pueblo cuemo fable […]Our Lord said to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will wipe out of my book. Now go and say to my people how I have spoken. […] ”

#### Descendants

* Ladino: livro
* Spanish: libro

## Pangasinan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/, [ˈlɪb.ɾo]
* Hyphenation: lib‧ro

### Noun

libro
* book

## Sambali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

### Noun

libro
* book

## Southern Catanduanes Bicolano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libro
* book

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈli.β̞ɾo]
* Rhymes: -ibɾo
* Syllabification: li‧bro

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish libro (cf. Ladino livro), an early borrowing from Latin librum (“book”). Cognate with French livre, Portuguese livro.

#### Noun

libro m (plural libros)
* book

##### Hyponyms

* gran libro
* libro blanco
* libro de acuerdos
* libro de asiento
* libro de becerro
* libro de bolsillo
* libro de caballerías
* libro de cabecera
* libro de caja
* libro de contabilidad
* libro de cuentas ajustadas
* libro de cuentos
* libro de escolaridad
* libro de estilo
* libro de familia
* libro de fondo
* libro de frases
* libro de hechizos
* libro de hechizos (“spell book, spellbook”)
* libro de honor
* libro de horas
* libro de inventarios
* libro de la vida
* libro de las sombras
* libro de lo salvado
* libro de mano
* libro de memoria
* libro de misa
* Libro de Mormón
* libro de música
* libro de oro
* libro de surtido
* libro de texto
* libro de visitas
* libro diario
* libro electrónico
* libro mayor
* libro sagrado

##### Derived terms

* audiolibro
* cantar a libro abierto
* de libro
* hablar como un libro
* libraco
* librería
* libreta
* librito
* libro abierto
* libro cerrado (“closed book”) (idiomatic)
* libro de caballerías
* librote
* pulmón en libro
* teneduría de libros
* tragalibros

##### Related terms

* librero
* libreto

##### Descendants

* Chavacano: libro
* → Bikol Central: libro
* → Cebuano: libro
* → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: libro
* → Ibatan: libro
* → Paraujano: liuru
* → Quechua: liwru
* → Tagalog: libro
* → Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: libro

#### See also

* tomo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

libro
* first-person singular present indicative of librar

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “libro”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 643

### Further reading

* “libro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* libdo — obsolete

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro with a shift of stress, from Latin librum (“book”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /libˈɾo/ [lɪbˈɾo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: lib‧ro

### Noun

libró (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ)
* book
    Synonym: aklat
* (accounting) journal; daybook
* (colloquial) logbook; record book
    Synonyms: aklat-talaan, libro de-rehistro
* (anatomy) omasum

#### Derived terms

* libruhin

#### Related terms

* libreriya
* libreta
* librito
* libro mayor
* tenedor-de-libros

### Further reading

* “libro”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila, page 389: “Libro) Libdo (pc) C. qualquiera yalo entienden en eſpañol corupto”

## Waray Sorsogon
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libro
* book

## Waray-Waray
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liˈbɾo/, [liˈbɾu]
* Hyphenation: li‧bro

### Noun

libró
* book

## West Albay Bikol
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

### Noun

libró
* book

## Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

### Noun

libro
* book
** 1984, Raúl Brockway B., Herminio Cosme, Juan Hernández, Frases en mejicano y español: En el idioma náhuatl de San Miguel de Tenango, Puebla y en español‎, México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano:Ixtlapocan namolibro itich in amatl majtlactli.Open your books to page ten.