# 潤

| 潤 | U+6F64, &#28516; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F64 |
| ← 潣 [U+6F63] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 潥 → [U+6F65] |

## Translingual
### Han character

潤 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水日弓土 (EANG), four-corner 3712$_0$, composition ⿰氵閏)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18255
* Dae Jaweon: page 1060, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1748, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6F64

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撋 | *njon |
| 瞤 | *njun |
| 潤 | *njuns |
| 閏 | *njuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njuns) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閏 (OC *njuns, “surplus”) — an ample amount of moisture.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rùn (run$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄣˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jeon$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngun$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yun
    (Hailu, HRS): rhun$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yun$^4$ / ngiun$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): nē̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lūn / jūn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rung$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rùn
*** Wade–Giles: jun$^4$
*** Yale: rwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruenn
*** Palladius: жунь (žunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu̯ən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jeon$^6$
*** Yale: yeuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joen$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yên$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɵn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngun$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡun³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun
*** Hakka Romanization System: iun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯un⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhun$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒun³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yun$^4$ / ngiun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /iun⁵³/, /ŋiun⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nē̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /nœyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
*** Tâi-lô: lūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lun
*** IPA (Taipei): /lun³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lun²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
*** Tâi-lô: jūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jun
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zun²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rung$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zuŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Middle Chinese: nywinH
Rime :
| Character | 潤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如順切 |
| Baxter | nywinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiuɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵʷin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjuen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵwin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiuĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭuĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯uĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jeon$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njuns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 潤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10926 |
| Phonetic component | 閏 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 閠 |
| Old Chinese | /*njuns/ |

#### Definitions

潤
* wet; moist; damp
* sleek; glossy
* to moisten; to wet; to dampen
* to polish (a piece of writing, etc.); to touch up; to embellish; to enrich
* profit (excess of revenue over cost)
* (Cantonese) to ridicule; to tease; to make fun of
** 1991, Fight Back to School, spoken by Chow Sing-sing (Stephen Chow):
       ngo$^5$ gam$^2$ gong$^2$ m$^4$ hai$^6$ soeng$^2$ jeon$^6$ nei$^5$. [Jyutping]
       I did not meant to make fun of you.

##### Synonyms

* (wet):
* 潮 (cháo)
* 潮潤 / 潮润 (cháorùn) (of the atmosphere, soil, etc.)
* 潮濕 / 潮湿 (cháoshī)
* 澹濕 / 澹湿 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 濕嘰嘰 / 湿叽叽 (si$^2$ ji$^1$ ji$^1$) (Sichuanese)
* 濕潤 / 湿润 (shīrùn)
* 濡濕 / 濡湿 (rúshī)
* (to moisten): 潤澤／润泽 (rùnzé), 濕潤／湿润 (shīrùn), 滋潤／滋润 (zīrùn)
* (to polish):
* 修飾 / 修饰 (xiūshì)
* 文飾 / 文饰 (literary)
* 潤色 / 润色 (rùnsè)
* 潤飾 / 润饰 (rùnshì)
* 雕琢 (diāozhuó) (figurative)
* 雕鑿 / 雕凿 (diāozáo) (figurative)
* (profit):
* 利潤 / 利润 (lìrùn)
* 利益 (lìyì)
* 利純 / 利纯 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 利頭 / 利头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 盈利 (yínglì)
* 賺 / 赚 (informal)
* 賺頭 / 赚头 (zhuàntou) (informal)
* 賺頭兒 / 赚头儿 (zhuàntour) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 長頭 / 长头 (Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 不潤 / 不润
* 光潤 / 光润 (guāngrùn)
* 冰清玉潤 / 冰清玉润
* 分潤 / 分润 (fēnrùn)
* 利潤 / 利润 (lìrùn)
* 刪潤 / 删润
* 利潤所得 / 利润所得
* 圓潤 / 圆润 (yuánrùn)
* 平均利潤 / 平均利润
* 德潤傭書 / 德润佣书
* 才非玉潤 / 才非玉润
* 抃風舞潤 / 抃风舞润
* 於民潤國 / 于民润国
* 沾潤 / 沾润
* 河潤 / 河润
* 津潤 / 津润
* 浸潤 / 浸润 (jìnrùn)
* 浸潤之譖 / 浸润之谮
* 淹潤 / 淹润
* 滋潤 / 滋润 (zīrùn)
* 滑潤 / 滑润 (huárùn)
* 溫潤 / 温润 (wēnrùn)
* 溼潤 / 湿润 (shīrùn)
* 溫潤如玉 / 温润如玉
* 潤下 / 润下
* 潤喉 / 润喉 (rùnhóu)
* 潤屋 / 润屋 (rùnwū)
* 潤屋潤身 / 润屋润身
* 潤格 / 润格
* 潤溼 / 润湿 (rùnshī)
* 潤滑 / 润滑 (rùnhuá)
* 潤滑劑 / 润滑剂 (rùnhuájì)
* 潤滑油 / 润滑油 (rùnhuáyóu)
* 潤澤 / 润泽 (rùnzé)
* 潤益 / 润益
* 潤筆 / 润笔 (rùnbǐ)
* 潤肺 / 润肺
* 潤膚 / 润肤 (rùnfū)
* 潤膩 / 润腻
* 潤色 / 润色 (rùnsè)
* 潤資 / 润资 (rùnzī)
* 潤身 / 润身 (rùnshēn)
* 潤飾 / 润饰 (rùnshì)
* 潤餅 / 润饼 (rùnbǐng)
* 玉潤珠圓 / 玉润珠圆
* 珠圓玉潤 / 珠圆玉润 (zhūyuányùrùn)
* 瑩潤 / 莹润
* 礎潤而雨 / 础润而雨
* 祛痰潤肺 / 祛痰润肺
* 紅潤 / 红润 (hóngrùn)
* 經濟利潤 / 经济利润
* 脂膏不潤 / 脂膏不润
* 脩潤 / 脩润
* 膏潤 / 膏润
* 豐潤 / 丰润 (fēngrùn)
* 風調雨潤 / 风调雨润
* 香潤玉溫 / 香润玉温
* 鮮潤 / 鲜润

### Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from English run, via Hanyu Pinyin rùn.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rùn (run$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rùn
*** Wade–Giles: jun$^4$
*** Yale: rwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruenn
*** Palladius: жунь (žunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu̯ən⁵¹/

#### Definitions

潤
* (neologism, Mainland China, Internet slang) to run away; to flee
       Hārén, wǒ xiān rùn le. [Pinyin]
       That's scary. I'm gonna run away.
* (neologism, Mainland China, Internet slang) to emigrate, usually in the context of leaving (running away from) mainland China
    潤日／润日 ― rùnrì ― to move to Japan
       Qǐng dàjiā zhǐdiǎn rúhé rùn qù Jiānádà? [Pinyin]
       Can people give suggestions on how to emigrate to Canada?

#### Compounds

* 潤學 / 润学

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: にん (nin)
* Kan-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)
* Kun: うるおう (uruou, 潤う, Jōyō)、うるおい (uruoi, 潤い)、うるむ (urumu, 潤む, Jōyō)、うるおす (uruosu, 潤す, Jōyō)、めぐみ (megumi)

### Proper noun

潤(じゅん) • (Jun)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

潤 • (yun) (hangeul 윤, revised yun, McCune–Reischauer yun, Yale yun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

潤: Hán Nôm readings: nhuần, nhuận
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.