# 中央
## Chinese

* 中央 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 中央 (Cantonese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōngyāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ ㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ joeng$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûng-ông / chûng-yông
    (Hailu, HRS): dung$^ˋ$ ong$^ˋ$ / zhung$^ˋ$ rhong$^ˋ$
* Northern Min (KCR): dô̤ng-ó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆ng-iŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiong-ng / tiong-iong / tiong-iang / teng-eng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^1$ iang$^1$ / dan$^1$ ng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tson-ian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōngyāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhongyang
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$-yang$^1$
*** Yale: jūng-yāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongiang
*** Palladius: чжунъян (čžunʺjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ joeng$^1$
*** Yale: jūng yēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ joeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ yêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-ông / chûng-yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ ong$^ˊ$ / zung$^ˊ$ iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ ong$^1$ / zung$^1$ yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/, /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-ông / chûng-yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ ong$^ˊ$ / zung$^ˊ$ (r)iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ ong$^1$ / zung$^1$ yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/, /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˋ$ ong$^ˋ$ / zhung$^ˋ$ rhong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵³ oŋ⁵³/, /t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/
* tûng-ông/dungˋ ongˋ - vernacular ("centre");
* chûng-yông/zhungˋ rhongˋ - literary.
* Middle Chinese: trjuwng 'jang
Rime :
| Character | 中 | 央 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟弓切 | 於良切 |
| Baxter | trjuwng | 'jang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨuŋ/ | /ʔɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiuŋ/ | /ʔiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuŋ/ | /ʔiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈuwŋ/ | /ʔɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiuŋ/ | /ʔiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭuŋ/ | /ĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯uŋ/ | /ʔi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng | yāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ | joeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ ʔaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ qaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 中 | 央 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōng | yāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjuwng › | ‹ ʔjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*truŋ/ | /*ʔaŋ/ |
| English | center | center (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 中 | 央 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17407 | 14488 |
| Phonetic component | 中 | 央 |
| Rime group | 終 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 中 | 央 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuŋ/ | /*qaŋ/ |

### Noun

中央
* centre (of all sides, ends, surfaces, etc.); middle (of a road)
    在球場中央／在球场中央 ― zài qiúchǎng zhōngyāng ― in the centre of the field
    在馬路中央／在马路中央 ― zài mǎlù zhōngyāng ― in the middle of the road
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Sùyóu cóng zhī, wǎn zài shuǐ zhōngyāng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* central authorities
    中央廣播電視塔／中央广播电视塔 ― zhōngyāng guǎngbō diànshìtǎ ― Central Radio & TV Tower
    中共中央宣傳部／中共中央宣传部 ― zhōnggòng zhōngyāng xuānchuán bù ― Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China
    From: 1959 October, Chen Yi, 《棗園曲》
    Tíngchē Zǎoyuán lù, jì cóngqián, rénmín gémìng, zhōngyāng céng zhù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* monarch; imperial government
    妄議中央／妄议中央 ― wàng yì zhōngyāng ― to make irresponsible remarks about the imperial or central government

#### Synonyms

* (centre): 當心／当心 (dāngxīn), 當中／当中 (dāngzhōng), 核心 (héxīn), 中心 (zhōngxīn), 中間／中间 (zhōngjiān); (Hokkien) 半中央, 半中站
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 中間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 當間兒, 當中間兒, 中間兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 中間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 中間, 當中, 當間兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 中間, 當中 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 中間, 中間兒, 當央兒, 當間兒, 當中 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 中間, 當中, 當間兒, 當中間兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 中間 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 當間兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 中間 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 中間兒, 當間兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 當中, 當間兒, 當巴間兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 當間兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 當間兒, 當中間兒, 中間兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 當間兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 中間兒, 當中央兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 中間, 當間兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 當間兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 中間, 當中 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 中間, 當當中兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 中間, 當中, 當央, 當央兒, 當中央兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 中間, 當中 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 中間, 當中, 當間兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 當中 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 當中, 中間 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 中間, 當中 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 當中, 中間 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 中間, 當中 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 中間, 當中 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 中間 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 中間 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 中間 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 中間 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 中間, 當中 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 中間, 當中 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 中間, 當中 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 中間, 當中 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 中間 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 中間 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 中間, 當中 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 中間 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 中間 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 棟心, 中間 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 棟心 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 中間心 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 中間 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 中間 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 中央 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 肚央 |
| Hakka | Changting | 中間 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 中腰子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 中間 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 中間 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 中間 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 中間心 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 中間 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 中間 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 中間 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 中間 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 中間 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 中間, 當中 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 中間, 當中 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 當中, 中間 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 中間兒, 當中間兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 中間, 當中 |
| Jin | Jining | 當中 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 中間, 當中, 當中間兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 中間, 當間兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 當中, 當間 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 中央, 中央心, 當中央 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 臺中 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 臺中 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 底中 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 臺中 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 臺中 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 中爿 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 中中 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 底中 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 中間心 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 中央, 中頭 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 中央 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 中央, 中頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鎮中 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鎮中 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 鎮中 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鎮中 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 中央 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 當央 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鎮中 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鎮中 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 當央 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 當央 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 當央 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 拉央, 當央 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 中央 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 當中 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 當中 |
| Wu | Danyang | 中間 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 當中, 當中央, 當中央央, 當中央亨, 中央, 中央亨 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 當中, 當中心 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 中間 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 中間 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 中家 |
* (central authorities): 中樞／中枢 (zhōngshū)

### Adjective

中央
* (attributive) central
       Zhōngyāng zhèngfǔ de quánwēi shòudào xuēruò. [Pinyin]
       The authority of the central government has been weakened.
       duōmínzú zhōngyāng jíquán guójiā [Pinyin]
       multiethnic, centralized state
    From: 1949 October 10, Mao Zedong
    Tóngbāomen, Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zhōngyāng Rénmín Zhèngfǔ jīntiān chénglì le! [Pinyin]
    Dear comrades! Today, I hereby declare the formal establishment of the People's Republic of China and its Central People's Government!

#### Derived terms

* 上踏枋，上眠床，無洗跤睏中央 / 上踏枋，上眠床，无洗跤困中央
* 中共中央 (Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng)
* 中央C
* 中央健保局
* 中央公園 / 中央公园 (Zhōngyāng Gōngyuán)
* 中央商業區 / 中央商业区 (zhōngyāng shāngyèqū)
* 中央大學 / 中央大学
* 中央委員 / 中央委员 (zhōngyāng wěiyuán)
* 中央委員會 / 中央委员会 (zhōngyāng wěiyuánhuì)
* 中央孢子菌
* 中央尖山 (Zhōngyāng Jiānshān)
* 中央山脈 / 中央山脉 (Zhōngyāng Shānmài)
* 中央常務委員 / 中央常务委员
* 中央常務委員會 / 中央常务委员会
* 中央情報局 / 中央情报局 (Zhōngyāng Qíngbàojú)
* 中央政府 (zhōngyāng zhèngfǔ)
* 中央政治會議 / 中央政治会议
* 中央氣象局 / 中央气象局
* 中央法規標準法 / 中央法规标准法
* 中央監控系統 / 中央监控系统
* 中央研究院
* 中央空調 / 中央空调 (zhōngyāng kōngtiáo)
* 中央管理企業 / 中央管理企业 (zhōngyāng guǎnlǐ qǐyè)
* 中央處理單元 / 中央处理单元
* 中央處理器 / 中央处理器
* 中央處理機 / 中央处理机 (zhōngyāng chǔlǐjī)
* 中央警官學校 / 中央警官学校
* 中央警察大學 / 中央警察大学
* 中央軍事委員會 / 中央军事委员会 (Zhōngyāng Jūnshì Wěiyuánhuì)
* 中央軍委 / 中央军委 (Zhōngyāng Jūnwěi)
* 中央通訊社 / 中央通讯社
* 中央選舉委員會 / 中央选举委员会
* 中央銀行 / 中央银行 (zhōngyāng yínháng)
* 中央集權 / 中央集权 (zhōngyāng jíquán)
* 中央電視臺 / 中央电视台 (Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái)
* 中央黨部 / 中央党部
* 中紀委 / 中纪委 (zhōngjìwěi)
* 四國中央 / 四国中央 (Sìguózhōngyāng)
* 國立中央圖書館 / 国立中央图书馆
* 黨中央 / 党中央 (dǎngzhōngyāng)

### Proper noun

中央
* (～區) Chūō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)
* (～市) Chūō (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)央(おう) (chūō)
* → Korean: 중앙(中央) (jung'ang)
* → Vietnamese: trung ương (中央)

### See also

* 中間／中间 (zhōngjiān)
* 中心 (zhōngxīn)

### References

* “中央”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 中 | 央 |
| ちゅう Grade: 1 | おう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 中央 (MC trjuwng 'jang, “lit. centre”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちゅうおー [chùúóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) ちゅうおー [chùúóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕɨːo̞ː]

### Noun

中(ちゅう)央(おう) • (chūō)
* center/centre, middle
    宮崎(みやざき)市(し)は、宮崎県(みやざきけん)のほぼ中(ちゅう)央(おう)にある市(し)で県庁所(けんちょうしょ)在(ざい)地(ち)、中(ちゅう)核(かく)市(し)である。
       Miyazaki-shi wa, Miyazaki-ken no hobo chūō ni aru shi de kenchō shozaichi, chūkaku shi de aru.
       Miyazaki city is roughly in the centre/center of Miyazaki prefecture, and is its main city and capital.

### Proper noun

中(ちゅう)央(おう) • (Chūō)
* Chūō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

#### See also

* 中(ちゅう)心(しん) (chūshin)

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 中 | 央 |

### Noun

中央 • (jung'ang) (hangeul 중앙)
* hanja form of 중앙 (“center; middle”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 中 | 央 |

### Adjective

中央
* chữ Hán form of trung ương (“central”).