# 臊

| 臊 | U+81CA, &#33226; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81CA |
| ← 臉 [U+81C9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臋 → [U+81CB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

臊 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月口口木 (BRRD), four-corner 7629$_4$, composition ⿰⺼喿)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29955
* Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2116, character 10
* Unihan data for U+81CA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 臊
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 藻 | *ʔsaːwʔ |
| 澡 | *ʔslaːwʔ |
| 璪 | *ʔsaːwʔ |
| 繰 | *ʔsaːwʔ, *saːw, *sʰaw |
| 躁 | *ʔsaːws |
| 趮 | *ʔsaːws |
| 操 | *sʰaːw, *sʰaːws |
| 幧 | *sʰaːw, *sʰaw |
| 懆 | *sʰaːwʔ |
| 鄵 | *sʰaːws |
| 鐰 | *zaːw, *sʰaw |
| 臊 | *saːw, *saːws |
| 鱢 | *saːw |
| 燥 | *saːwʔ, *saːws |
| 噪 | *saːws |
| 髞 | *saːws |
| 喿 | *saːws |
| 譟 | *saːws |
| 劋 | *ʔsawʔ, *ʔseːwʔ |
| 橾 | *soːwʔ, *srow |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *saːw, *saːws): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sāo (sao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sou$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): sau$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): so / so͘ / chho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sao
*** Wade–Giles: sao$^1$
*** Yale: sāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sau
*** Palladius: сао (sao)
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sou$^1$
*** Yale: sōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sou̯⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: sau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sau⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: so
*** Tâi-lô: so
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /so³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /so⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: so͘
*** Tâi-lô: soo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chho
*** Tâi-lô: tsho
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
* so/so͘ - literary;
* chho - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: saw
Rime :
| Character | 臊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇遭切 |
| Baxter | saw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /saw/ |
| Li Rong | /sɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /sɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m.s]ˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*saːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 臊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ saw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m.s]ˁaw/ |
| English | fat of swine or dog |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16577 |
| Phonetic component | 喿 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 騷 |
| Old Chinese | /*saːw/ |
| Notes | 後通作騷 |

#### Definitions

臊
* (having) the smell like one of urine
    alt. forms: 騷 / 骚
* (having) the rank taste and smell of meat, especially mutton
    alt. forms: 騷 / 骚
** 16th century, chapter 53, in Journey to the West:
       Bājiè dào: “Ruò zhè děng, wǒ jué wú shāng. Tāmen dōu shì xiāngpēnpēn de, hǎo zuò xiāngdài; wǒ shì ge sāozhū, jiù gē le ròu qù, yě shì sāo de, gùcǐ kěyǐ wú shāng.” [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1947, 魯迅, “上海所感”, in 集外集拾遺, page 307:
       yòuxiǎo shíhòu, yángzhǐ yī dàoshǒu, biàn jué dé yángsāoqì pūbí [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sào (sao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sào
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sào
*** Wade–Giles: sao$^4$
*** Yale: sàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saw
*** Palladius: сао (sao)
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sou$^3$
*** Yale: sou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sou̯³³/

#### Definitions

臊
* Used in 臊子 (“minced meat”).
* embarrassed
* to embarrass

### Compounds

* 不怕臊
* 不臊
* 害臊 (hàisào)
* 怕臊 (pàsào)
* 扯臊 (chěsào)
* 放屁辣臊 (fàngpìlàsāo)
* 沒羞沒臊 / 没羞没臊
* 狐臊 (húsāo)
* 瞎扯臊
* 老臊胡
* 腥臊 (xīngsāo)
* 腥臊味
* 臊味
* 臊子
* 臊子麵 / 臊子面 (sàozimiàn)
* 臊根
* 臊氣 / 臊气 (sāoqì)
* 臊皮
* 臊羯奴
* 臊聲 / 臊声
* 臭短臊長 / 臭短臊长

### References

* “臊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “臊”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): そう (sō)
* Kun: あぶら (abura)

## Korean
### Hanja

臊 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.