# 鶴鳴於九皋，聲聞於天
## Chinese

| | | crane | to cry (of birds) | in; at; toin; at; to; from; by; than; out of | imaginary number | bank; marsh | | sound; voice; (a measure word, used for sounds)sound; voice; (a measure word, used for sounds); tone; noise | hear; news; celebratedhear; news; celebrated; sniff at | in; at; toin; at; to; from; by; than; out of; surname | day; sky; heaven |
| simp. and trad. (鶴鳴於九皋，聲聞於天) | simp. and trad. (鶴鳴於九皋，聲聞於天) | 鶴 | 鳴 | 於 | 九 | 皋 | ， | 聲 | 聞 | 於 | 天 |
| Literally: “even if a crane cries in a deep valley, its cry reaches the heavens”. ||||||||||||

### Etymology

Based on a poetry in The Classic of Poetry （《詩經·小雅·鶴鳴》）[circa 9th & 8th century].
    鶴鳴於九皋，聲聞於天。魚在於渚，或潛在淵。樂彼之園，爰有樹檀，其下維穀。它山之石，可以攻玉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]鹤鸣于九皋，声闻于天。鱼在于渚，或潜在渊。乐彼之园，爰有树檀，其下维谷。它山之石，可以攻玉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Shi JingHè míng yú jiǔ gāo, shēng wén yú tiān. Yú zài yú zhǔ, huò qián zài yuān. Yuè bǐ zhī yuán, yuán yǒu shù tán, qí xià wéi gǔ. Tā shān zhī shí, kěyǐ gōng yù. [Pinyin]Even if a crane cries in a deep valley, its cry reaches the heavens. Fish swim leisurely on small islands or sink into the abyss. In the sage's happy home, there is a mulberry tree under the sandalwood tree. If one could obtain such a wise man and make use of him, it would be like obtaining a stone from another mountain, which could be used as a tool to sharpen jade and assist the king in improving his virtue and studying.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hè míng yú jiǔ gāo, shēng wén yú tiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄍㄠ , ㄕㄥ ㄨㄣˊ ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hok$^6$ ming$^4$ jyu$^1$ gau$^2$ gou$^1$, sing$^1$ maan$^4$ jyu$^1$ tin$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k-bêng û kiú-ko, seng-bûn û thian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hè míng yú jiǔ gāo, shēng wén yú tiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄍㄠ , ㄕㄥ ㄨㄣˊ ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hè míng yú jiǒu gao, sheng wún yú tian
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$ ming$^2$ yü$^2$ chiu$^3$ kao$^1$, shêng$^1$ wên$^2$ yü$^2$ tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: hè míng yú jyǒu gāu-, shēng wén yú tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh ming yu jeou gau, sheng wen yu tian
*** Palladius: хэ мин юй цзю гао, шэн вэнь юй тянь (xɛ min juj czju gao, šɛn vɛnʹ juj tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ y³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ wən³⁵ y³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hok$^6$ ming$^4$ jyu$^1$ gau$^2$ gou$^1$, sing$^1$ maan$^4$ jyu$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Yale: hohk mìhng yū gáu gōu, sīng màahn yū tīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hok$^9$ ming$^4$ jy$^1$ gau$^2$ gou$^1$, sing$^1$ maan$^4$ jy$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hog$^6$ ming$^4$ yu$^1$ geo$^2$ gou$^1$, xing$^1$ man$^4$ yu$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːk̚² mɪŋ²¹ jyː⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵ kou̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵ maːn²¹ jyː⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-bêng û kiú-ko, seng-bûn û thian
*** Tâi-lô: ho̍k-bîng û kiú-ko, sing-bûn û thian
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² u²⁴⁻²² kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² u²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: hak mjaeng 'jo|'u kjuwX kaw syeng mjun|mjunH 'jo|'u then
Rime :
| Character | 鶴 | 鳴 | 於 | 於 | 九 | 皋 | 聲 | 聞 | 聞 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 明 (4) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) | 書 (26) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) | 庚 (111) | 魚 (22) | 模 (23) | 尤 (136) | 豪 (89) | 清 (121) | 文 (59) | 文 (59) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Closed | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III | III | I | III | I | III | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 下各切 | 武兵切 | 央居切 | 哀都切 | 舉有切 | 古勞切 | 書盈切 | 無分切 | 亡運切 | 他前切 |
| Baxter | hak | mjaeng | 'jo | 'u | kjuwX | kaw | syeng | mjun | mjunH | then |
| Reconstructions |||||||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑk̚/ | /mˠiæŋ/ | /ʔɨʌ/ | /ʔuo/ | /kɨu$^X$/ | /kɑu/ | /ɕiᴇŋ/ | /mɨun/ | /mɨun$^H$/ | /tʰen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑk̚/ | /mᵚiaŋ/ | /ʔiɔ/ | /ʔuo/ | /kiu$^X$/ | /kɑu/ | /ɕiɛŋ/ | /miun/ | /miun$^H$/ | /tʰen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑk̚/ | /miaŋ/ | /ʔiɔ/ | /ʔo/ | /kiəu$^X$/ | /kɑu/ | /ɕiæŋ/ | /miuən/ | /miuən$^H$/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦak̚/ | /miajŋ/ | /ʔɨə̆/ | /ʔɔ/ | /kuw$^X$/ | /kaw/ | /ɕiajŋ/ | /mun/ | /mun$^H$/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑk̚/ | /miɐŋ/ | /ʔiɔ/ | /ʔo/ | /kiu$^X$/ | /kɑu/ | /ɕiɛŋ/ | /miuən/ | /miuən$^H$/ | /tʰen/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑk̚/ | /mĭɐŋ/ | /ĭo/ | /u/ | /kĭəu$^X$/ | /kɑu/ | /ɕĭɛŋ/ | /mĭuən/ | /mĭuən$^H$/ | /tʰien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑk̚/ | /mi̯ɐŋ/ | /ʔi̯wo/ | /ʔuo/ | /ki̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /kɑu/ | /ɕi̯ɛŋ/ | /mi̯uən/ | /mi̯uən$^H$/ | /tʰien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé | míng | yū | wū | jiǔ | gāo | shēng | wén | wèn | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hok$^6$ | ming$^4$ | jyu$^1$ | wu$^1$ | gau$^2$ | gou$^1$ | sing$^1$ | man$^4$ | man$^6$ | tin$^1$ |

### Idiom

* even if a wise man hides, his reputation is widely known throughout the world.

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鶴九皐(つるきゅうこう)に鳴(な)き声天(こえてん)に聞(き)こゆ (tsuru kyū kō ni na ki koe ten ni ki koyu) (calque)