# 犬

| 犬 | U+72AC, &#29356; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC |
| ← 犫 [U+72AB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 犭 → [U+72AD] |
| ⽝ | U+2F5D, &#12125; KANGXI RADICAL DOG |
| ← ⽜ [U+2F5C] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽞ → [U+2F5E] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.

### Han character

犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 4303$_0$, composition ⿺大丶)
* Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/犬
* 伏, 吠, 𡉩, 𫰋, 𢗗, 㧋, 汱, 迖, 𣅤, 枤, 𤘲, 㺴, 肰, 𤯂, 畎, 𮉿, 紎, 𦨚, 𡌤, 𧿡, 䣭, 𤱶, 𮡧, 𮣺, 𭪝, 𩎓, 𩖮, 𬙠, 䭾, 𩫈, 𩵥, 𩿁, 默(黙), 鼣, 𫜤
* 𩿛, 𩡷, 宊, 𦬫, 戾, 𦊅, 突, 哭, 类, 𥬇, 臭, 𦬦, 𩬇, 𧱾, 厌, 𤴻, 𪊏, 𬮇(𬮝)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
* Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
* Unihan data for U+72AC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犬 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 猚 | *ŋreːl, *rulʔ |
| 畎 | *kʷeːnʔ |
| 汱 | *kʷeːnʔ |
| 甽 | *kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ |
| 犬 | *kʰʷeːnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).
This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): quǎn (quan$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): quan$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hyun$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hun$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qyon$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khién / khián
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kian$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qye$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): kṳǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): kēng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): koeng$^3$ / kyeng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khián
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiêng$^2$ / kiang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chioe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qye$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^3$
*** Yale: chywǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuan
*** Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: quan$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuan
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hyun$^2$
*** Yale: hyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hün$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyːn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hun⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qyon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
*** Hakka Romanization System: kian$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰian³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qye$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kēng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛiŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: koeng$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kê̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰœŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kyeng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyøŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khián
*** Tâi-lô: khián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiern
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiêng$^2$ / kiang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiéng / khiáng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰieŋ⁵²/, /kʰiaŋ⁵²/
* kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
* kiang2 - Shantou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit犬 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰyan¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕyan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰye³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰian³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰien³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hyn³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hyn³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hyn³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰian⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɛiŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰyiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰuaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xin³¹/ /kau²¹³/ 訓狗 |
* Middle Chinese: khwenX
Rime :
| Character | 犬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (86) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 苦泫切 |
| Baxter | khwenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰwen$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷen$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɛn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwɛn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuen$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiwen$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiwen$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | quǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 犬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | quǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/ |
| English | dog |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 犬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10736 |
| Phonetic component | 犬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 犬 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷeːnʔ/ |

### Definitions

犬
* (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog
    警犬 ― jǐngquǎn ― police dog
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī. [Pinyin]
    He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 犬 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 狗 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 犬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 狗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 狗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 狗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 狗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 狗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 狗子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 狗子, 狗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 狗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 狗, 狗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 狗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 狗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 狗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 狗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 狗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 狗, 狗兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 狗, 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 狗, 狗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 狗, 狗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 狗, 狗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 狗, 狗崽, 三六, 地羊 as food |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 狗, 狗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 狗, 狗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 狗, 狗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 狗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 狗子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 狗 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 狗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 狗 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 狗 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 狗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 狗, 無角羊 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Taoyuan) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Gaobei) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Changting | 狗 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 狗子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 狗仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 狗仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 狗, 狗仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 狗 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 狗 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 狗 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 狗 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 狗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 狗兒, 狗 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 狗 |
| Jin | Datong | 狗, 狗娃子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 狗 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 狗兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 狗 |
| Jin | Linhe | 狗, 狗子 |
| Jin | Jining | 狗 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 狗 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 狗 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 狗 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 狗 |
| Jin | Handan | 狗 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 狗 |
| Jin | Suide | 狗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 狗仔, 狗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 犬, 犬囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 犬 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 犬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 狗仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 狗, 四五 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 狗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 狗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 狗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 狗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 狗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 狗 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 狗, 狗囝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 狗, 狗囝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 狗, 狗囝 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 狗 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 狗 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 狗 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 狗 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 狗 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 狗 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 狗 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 狗 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 狗 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 狗 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 狗 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 狗 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 狗 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 狗 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 狗 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 狗 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 犬 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 犬 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Baisha) | 犬 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 犬 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 犬 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 犬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 狗, 汪汪狗 childish |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 狗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 狗 |
| Wu | Danyang | 狗子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 狗 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 黃狗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish |
| Wu | Jinhua | 狗 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 狗 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 狗 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 狗 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 狗 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 狗, 災狗子 derogatory |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 狗 |

### Compounds

* 使犬 (Shǐquǎn)
* 北極犬 / 北极犬
* 反犬旁 (fǎnquǎnpáng)
* 反犬旁兒 / 反犬旁儿 (fǎnquǎnpángr)
* 名犬
* 哮天犬 (Xiàotiānquǎn)
* 喪家之犬 / 丧家之犬 (sàngjiāzhīquǎn)
* 嚮導犬 / 向导犬
* 土雞瓦犬 / 土鸡瓦犬
* 大犬星座
* 尋回犬 / 寻回犬 (xúnhuíquǎn)
* 小犬 (xiǎoquǎn)
* 德國狼犬 / 德国狼犬
* 惡犬 / 恶犬 (èquǎn)
* 悲犬咸陽
* 放鷹逐犬 / 放鹰逐犬
* 東門黃犬 / 东门黄犬
* 柴犬 (cháiquǎn)
* 桀犬吠堯 / 桀犬吠尧
* 淮南雞犬 / 淮南鸡犬
* 烹犬藏弓
* 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn)
* 犬不夜吠
* 犬儒學派 / 犬儒学派
* 犬兔俱斃 / 犬兔俱毙
* 犬吠之盜 / 犬吠之盗
* 犬吠之警
* 犬子 (quǎnzǐ)
* 犬彘
* 犬彘之食
* 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
* 犬母
* 犬牙 (quǎnyá)
* 犬牙交錯 / 犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
* 犬牙差互
* 犬牙盤石 / 犬牙盘石
* 犬牙相制
* 犬牙相臨 / 犬牙相临
* 犬牙相錯 / 犬牙相错
* 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
* 犬馬 / 犬马 (quǎnmǎ)
* 犬馬之力 / 犬马之力 (quǎnmǎzhīlì)
* 犬馬之勞 / 犬马之劳 (quǎnmǎzhīláo)
* 犬馬之命 / 犬马之命
* 犬馬之報 / 犬马之报 (quǎnmǎzhībào)
* 犬馬之年 / 犬马之年
* 犬馬之心 / 犬马之心
* 犬馬之戀 / 犬马之恋
* 犬馬之疾 / 犬马之疾
* 犬馬之養 / 犬马之养
* 犬馬戀主 / 犬马恋主
* 犬馬齒殲 / 犬马齿歼
* 犬馬齒窮 / 犬马齿穷
* 犬馬齒索 / 犬马齿索
* 犬齒 / 犬齿 (quǎnchǐ)
* 狂犬病 (kuángquǎnbìng)
* 狼犬
* 獒犬
* 獵犬 / 猎犬 (lièquǎn)
* 獵犬座 / 猎犬座 (Lièquǎnzuò)
* 畫虎成犬 / 画虎成犬
* 畫虎類犬 / 画虎类犬 (huàhǔlèiquǎn)
* 盧犬 / 卢犬
* 粵犬吠雪 / 粤犬吠雪
* 義犬 / 义犬
* 聲色犬馬 / 声色犬马 (shēngsèquǎnmǎ)
* 臺灣犬 / 台湾犬
* 蜀犬吠日 (shǔquǎnfèirì)
* 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
* 見兔顧犬 / 见兔顾犬
* 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
* 豚兒犬子 / 豚儿犬子
* 豚犬 (túnquǎn)
* 越犬吠雪
* 跖犬吠堯 / 跖犬吠尧
* 軍犬 / 军犬 (jūnquǎn)
* 邑犬群吠
* 野犬 (yěquǎn)
* 陶犬瓦雞 / 陶犬瓦鸡
* 雞犬不寧 / 鸡犬不宁 (jīquǎnbùníng)
* 雞犬不留 / 鸡犬不留
* 雞犬不驚 / 鸡犬不惊 (jīquǎnbùjīng)
* 雞犬俱升 / 鸡犬俱升
* 雞犬升天 / 鸡犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
* 雞犬桑麻 / 鸡犬桑麻
* 雞犬皆仙 / 鸡犬皆仙
* 雞犬相聞 / 鸡犬相闻
* 雞鳴犬吠 / 鸡鸣犬吠
* 雪橇犬 (xuěqiāoquǎn)
* 顧犬補牢 / 顾犬补牢
* 飛鷹走犬 / 飞鹰走犬
* 驢鳴犬吠 / 驴鸣犬吠
* 鬆獅犬 / 松狮犬 (sōngshīquǎn)
* 鬥犬 / 斗犬
* 鷹犬 / 鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
* 黃犬音 / 黄犬音

### Descendants

* Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

### References

* “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Further reading

* Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* a dog
* the dog radical (いぬ)

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 一(いっ)犬(けん) (ikken): one dog
* 雌(めす)犬(いぬ) (mesuinu)
* 雄(お)犬(いぬ) (oinu), 牡(お)犬(いぬ) (oinu)
* 家(いえ)犬(いぬ) (ieinu)
* 野(や)犬(けん) (yaken)
* 子(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu), 小(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu), 仔(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu)
* 愛(あい)犬(けん) (aiken)
* 犬(いぬ)ちゃん (inu-chan)
* 秋(あき)田(た)犬(いぬ) (Akita inu), 秋(あき)田(た)犬(けん) (Akita ken)
* 土佐(とさ)犬(いぬ) (Tosa inu), 土佐(とさ)犬(いぬ) (Tosa inu)
* 柴(しば)犬(いぬ) (Shiba inu), 柴犬(しばけん) (Shiba ken)
* 橇(そり)犬(いぬ) (sori inu)
* 猟(りょう)犬(けん) (ryōken)
* 狛(こま)犬(いぬ) (komainu)
* 狩(しゅ)猟(りょう)犬(けん) (shuryōken)
* 警(けい)察(さつ)犬(けん) (keisatsuken)
* 攻(こう)撃(げき)犬(けん) (kōgekiken)
* 三(さん)頭(とう)犬(けん) (santōken)
* 犬(いぬ)張(はり)子(こ) (inuhariko, “papier-mâché dog doll”)
* 老(ろう)犬(けん) (rōken): old dog
* 豚(とん)犬(けん) (tonken): pig and dog; fool; my child
* 犬(けん)吠(ばい) (kenbai): the barking of a dog, or the sound thereof
* 駄(だ)犬(けん) (daken): mongrel dog
* 雑(ざっ)犬(けん) (zakken): mongrel dog
* 番(ばん)犬(けん) (banken)
* 警(けい)備(び)犬(けん) (keibiken)
* 探(たん)知(ち)犬(けん) (tanchiken)
* 救(きゅう)助(じょ)犬(けん) (kyūjoken)
* 死(し)体(たい)犬(けん) (shitaiken)
* 麻(ま)薬(やく)犬(けん) (mayakuken)
* 放(ほう)火(か)犬(けん) (hōkaken)
* 盲(もう)導(どう)犬(けん) (mōdōken)
* 聴(ちょう)導(どう)犬(けん) (chōdōken)
* 介(かい)助(じょ)犬(けん) (kaijoken)
* 犬猿(けんえん)の仲(なか) (ken'en no naka)
* 犬(いぬ)神(がみ) (inugami)
* 山(やま)犬(いぬ) (yamainu)
* 鬣(たてがみ)犬(いぬ) (tategamiinu): hyena
* 犬(けん)歯(し) (kenshi, “canine tooth”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 犬
* いぬ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 狗
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *enu. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu < wenu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いぬ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [inɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

犬(いぬ) or 犬(イヌ) • (inu) (counter 匹)
* dog, canine
    犬(いぬ)に毎(まい)日(にち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。
       Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
       Please feed the dog every day.
* servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
    会(かい)長(ちょう)の犬(いぬ)
       kaichō no inu
       a servant of the president
* spy
    敵(てき)軍(ぐん)の犬(いぬ)
       tekigun no inu
       a spy of the hostile army

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.

#### Synonyms

* (servant, spy): 走(そう)狗(く) (sōku), 手(て)先(さき) (tesaki)

#### Descendants

* → Yami: ino

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC khwenX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn) | ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí) | 견〯 (Yale: kyěn) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kjʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [견]

### Hanja

Wikisource 犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))
* hanja form of 견 (“dog”) [noun; affix]

#### Derived terms

* 견공(犬公) (gyeon'gong)
* 견마(犬馬) (gyeonma)
* 견원(犬猿) (gyeonwon)
* 견유(犬儒) (gyeonyu)
* 군견(軍犬) (gun'gyeon)
* 맹견(猛犬) (maenggyeon)
* 애견(愛犬) (aegyeon)
* 충견(忠犬) (chunggyeon)
* 투견(鬪犬) (tugyeon)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Miyako
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

### Noun

犬(いん) (in)
* dog

## Northern Amami Ōshima
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

### Noun

犬(いん) (in)
* dog

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: いん (in, 犬)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 犬
* いん Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʔiŋ̍]

### Noun

犬(いん) (in)
* dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog

#### Compounds

* 犬(いん)子(ぐゎー) (ingwā, “puppy, small dog”)

### References

* “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

## Southern Amami Ōshima
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

### Noun

犬(いん) (in)
* dog

## Vietnamese
### Han character

犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển, chó
* chữ Nôm form of chó (“dog”).

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).