# 馬鈴薯
## Chinese
### Etymology

Suzuki (2013) suggests that 馬鈴／马铃 (mǎlíng) may be a corruption of 馬來／马来 (Mǎlái, “Malay”), but the form 馬來薯／马来薯 has never been attested, and as Xiang (2018) points out, potato is a a temperate crop rarely cultivated in hot and humid tropical Asia.
The earliest known attestation in Chinese is found in the Kangxi edition of the Gazetteer of Songxi County (松溪縣志, 1700), but it is described as a tree climber with blackish tubers tasting bitterish and therefore should refer to air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) instead of potato. The name is probably an allusion to the way the bulbils of air potato look like bells used in the tack for horses. The Japanese herbalist Ono Ranzan (小野蘭山) misapplied the name to potato in Tetsuen Shōtoku (耋筵小牘, 1808), and this altered denotation was first borrowed into Chinese by Huang Zunxian (黃遵憲) in the late 19th century (Xiang, 2018).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǎlíngshǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^5$ ling$^4$ syu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mâ-làng-sù / mâ-lìn-sù
    (Hailu, HRS): ma$^ˋ$ lang shu / ma$^ˋ$ lin shu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ma$^1$ lang$^2$ su$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): mǎ-lâing-cṳ̂
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): má-lêng-chû / má-lêng-chîr / má-lêng-chî / bé-lêng-chû / bé-lêng-chîr / bé-lêng-chî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhê$^2$ lêng$^5$ ze$^5$ / bhê$^2$ lêng$^1$ ze$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎlíngshǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎlíngshǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^3$-ling$^2$-shu$^3$
*** Yale: mǎ-líng-shǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maalingshuu
*** Palladius: малиншу (malinšu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^5$ ling$^4$ syu$^4$
*** Yale: máh lìhng syùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^5$ ling$^4$ sy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^5$ ling$^4$ xu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː¹³ lɪŋ²¹ syː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-làng-sù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˊ$ lang$^ˇ$ su$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^1$ lang$^2$ su$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴ laŋ¹¹ su¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-làng-sù / mâ-lìn-sù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˊ$ lang$^ˇ$ su$^ˇ$ / ma$^ˊ$ lin$^ˇ$ su$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^1$ lang$^2$ su$^2$ / ma$^1$ lin$^2$ su$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴ laŋ¹¹ su¹¹/, /ma²⁴ lin¹¹ su¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˋ$ lang shu / ma$^ˋ$ lin shu
*** Sinological IPA: /ma⁵³ laŋ⁵⁵ ʃu⁵⁵/, /ma⁵³ lin⁵⁵ ʃu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ma$^1$ lang$^2$ su$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ laŋ¹¹ su¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎ-lâing-cṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /ma²¹ laiŋ³³ t͡sy³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-lêng-chû
*** Tâi-lô: má-lîng-tsû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: maflengzuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan): /mã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡su²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-lêng-chîr
*** Tâi-lô: má-lîng-tsîr
*** IPA (Lukang): /mã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɨ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-lêng-chî
*** Tâi-lô: má-lîng-tsî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: maflengcii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²³/
*** IPA (Yilan): /mã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡si²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-lêng-chû
*** Tâi-lô: bé-lîng-tsû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beflengzuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-lêng-chîr
*** Tâi-lô: bé-lîng-tsîr
*** IPA (Lukang): /be⁵⁵⁻³⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɨ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-lêng-chî
*** Tâi-lô: bé-lîng-tsî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beflengcii
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhê$^2$ lêng$^5$ ze$^5$ / bhê$^2$ lêng$^1$ ze$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bé lêng tsṳ̂ / bé leng tsṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /be⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵⁵/, /be⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

### Noun

馬鈴薯
* potato (Solanum tuberosum)
* (archaic) air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 馬鈴薯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 土豆兒, 山藥蛋 dated |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 馬鈴薯, 洋芋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 土豆兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 土豆兒, 山藥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 土豆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 土豆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 土豆兒, 山藥, 馬鈴薯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 土豆, 馬鈴薯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 土豆兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 土豆兒, 山藥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 土豆兒, 土豆子, 地豆兒, 地豆子, 山豆兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 土豆兒, 山豆子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 土豆兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 土豆子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 土豆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 土豆, 土豆兒, 馬鈴薯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 土豆兒, 土豆子, 馬鈴薯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 馬鈴薯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 馬鈴薯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 土豆兒, 山藥豆, 山藥豆兒, 山藥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 土豆兒, 馬鈴薯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 土豆兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 土豆兒, 山藥蛋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 土豆兒, 山藥蛋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 土豆兒, 地蛋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 地蛋, 土豆兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 地豆子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 土豆兒, 地豆兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 地豆子, 地蛋子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 地蛋子, 地豆子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Rongcheng | 地蛋子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 土豆兒, 土豆, 地蛋兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao (Chengyang) | 地蛋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao (Jimo) | 地豆兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Laixi | 地豆, 土豆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Pingdu | 地豆子, 土豆子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Jiaozhou | 地蛋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao (Jiaonan, Huangdao) | 地豆子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 地蛋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 洋芋, 山藥蛋兒, 土豆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 土豆, 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 土豆, 地蛋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 土豆兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋芋子, 土豆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 山藥蛋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 土豆兒, 山藥蛋, 馬鈴薯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 馬鈴薯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 土豆兒, 山藥蛋 suburbs |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 土豆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 洋芋, 土豆兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanchi | 山芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Guyuan | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Longde | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jingyuan | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 洋芋, 洋芋蛋蛋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 土豆兒, 土豆子, 地豆子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 馬鈴薯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 洋芋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 洋芋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 洋芋, 山芋, 山芋蛋, 土豆 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Wuzhong | 山芋蛋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Zhongwei | 芋頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 山藥蛋, 山藥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 洋芋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 洋芋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 洋芋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 洋芋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 洋芋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 土豆, 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 洋苕, 洋芋, 土豆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 土豆兒, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 土豆兒, 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 土豆, 洋芋, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 洋芋, 山芋頭, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 土豆, 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 洋芋頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 土豆, 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 馬鈴薯, 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 洋芋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 洋山芋, 土豆兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 洋山芋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 土豆, 地蛋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 馬鈴薯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 洋番芋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 土豆, 馬鈴薯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 洋山芋, 馬鈴薯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 馬鈴薯, 洋山芋, 土豆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 土豆兒, 洋芋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 土豆 |
| Mandarin | Nanping (Yanping) | 洋番芋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 荷蘭薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 荷蘭薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 薯仔, 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 馬鈴薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 馬鈴薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 荷蘭薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 馬鈴薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 荷蘭薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 咖喱薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 薯仔, 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 雪薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 加里薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 冬薯 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 荷蘭薯, 冬薯 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 馬鈴薯, 薯仔, 冬姑 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 馬鈴薯, 地姑 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 土豆, 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 馬鈴薯 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 馬鈴薯, 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 薯仔 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 薯仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 洋芋頭, 土豆 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 土豆, 山藥薯 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋芋仔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 荷蘭薯, 馬鈴薯, 薯仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 薯仔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 荷蘭薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Changting | 洋芋子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 土豆 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 土豆 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 荷蘭薯, 薯仔 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 薯仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 蕳砃 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 洋芋, 洋芋頭 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 洋芋頭, 洋山芋 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 馬鈴芋 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 馬鈴芋 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 洋芋頭 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 馬鈴薯 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 芋頭, 馬鈴薯 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 洋芋頭 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 馬鈴薯 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 山藥蛋, 山藥 |
| Jin | Datong | 山藥 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 山藥, 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 山藥蛋兒, 山藥, 山蔓菁 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 地瓜蛋兒 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 山藥 |
| Jin | Linhe | 山藥, 土豆 |
| Jin | Jining | 山藥, 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 山藥, 土豆 |
| Jin | Baotou | 山藥 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 山藥 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 土豆, 土豆兒, 山藥 |
| Jin | Handan | 土豆兒, 馬鈴薯, 山藥蛋 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 地蔓菁 |
| Jin | Suide | 洋芋, 山蔓兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 馬鈴薯, 洋芋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 麥仔芋 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 洋芋 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 觀音芋 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 芋仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 洋芋仔 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 洋芋仔 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 洋芋頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 番囝薯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 番囝薯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 番囝薯 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 番囝薯 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 番囝薯 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 洋芋卵 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 馬鈴薯 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 芋卵囝 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 洋芋卵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 芋卵囝 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 番囝薯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 番仔番薯, 芋頭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 蕳砃薯 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 番囝薯 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 油薯 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 蕳砃, 蕳砃薯 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蕳砃薯 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蕳砃, 荷蘭薯 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 霸薯 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 蕳砃薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 番仔芋仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 番仔芋仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蕳砃, 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 荷蘭薯, 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 荷蘭薯, 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 荷蘭薯, 馬鈴薯, 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 紅毛薯, 西薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 蕳砃 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 薯囝 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 馬鈴薯, 薯囝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 荷蘭薯 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 洋紅薯, 洋番薯, 馬鈴薯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 馬鈴薯 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 馬鈴薯 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 洋芋 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 洋山芋, 土豆 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 土豆, 外國芋艿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 洋山芋, 外國芋艿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 洋芋艿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 洋芋艿, 洋山芋, 洋山薯 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 洋芋頭, 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Changshu | 洋芋艿 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 洋山芋, 洋山薯 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Liyang | 洋芋頭 |
| Wu | Yixing | 洋芋頭, 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Danyang | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) | 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 洋番芋 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 洋山芋, 洋芋頭 |
| Wu | Huzhou (Shuanglin) | 洋番薯 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 洋番薯, 洋番芋, 洋芋艿 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 洋芋艿 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 洋番芋 |
| Wu | Zhuji (Wangjiajing) | 洋芋艿 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Chongren) | 洋芋艿, 洋番薯 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Taiping) | 紅毛番薯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 洋芋艿, 洋番薯, 紅毛番薯 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 洋芋艿 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 洋芋頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 番儂芋, 楊梅芋, 洋番薯, 洋芋 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 洋芋頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 洋芋, 洋山芋 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 洋芋 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 洋芋 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洋芋頭, 洋芋, 洋芋子, 土豆 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 洋芋頭 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 洋芋子 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 洋芋 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 洋芋子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 洋芋頭 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 馬鈴薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 荷蘭薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 馬鈴薯 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 冒皮芋 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 馬鈴薯, 冒皮芋頭 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 洋芋頭, 冒皮芋 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 冒皮芋 |

#### Derived terms

* 烤馬鈴薯 / 烤马铃薯 (kǎomǎlíngshǔ)
* 馬鈴薯條 / 马铃薯条 (mǎlíngshǔtiáo)
* 馬鈴薯泥 / 马铃薯泥 (mǎlíngshǔní)
* 馬鈴薯片 / 马铃薯片 (mǎlíngshǔpiàn)

#### Descendants

* → Lingao: ma⁴ liŋ¹ su⁴
* → Zhuang: majlingzsuz

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 馬 | 鈴 | 薯 |
| ば Grade: 2 | れい Grade: S | しょ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

It has been suggested that 馬鈴 (barei) may be an ateji for Malay, but the earliest attestation in Japanese sources is found in Tetsuen Shōtoku (耋筵小牘, 1808) where the Japanese herbalist Ono Ranzan (小野蘭山) clearly indicates that the term is taken from a Chinese source, the Gazetteer of Songxi County (松溪縣志, 1700). However, the Chinese term should refer to air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) instead of potato, as it is described as a tree climber with blackish tubers tasting bitterish. The name is probably an allusion to the way the bulbils of air potato look like bells used in the tack for horses. Ono Ranzan misapplied the name to potato, and this altered denotation, in spite of strong criticisms from the botanist Makino Tomitaro (牧野富太郎), prevailed over the original meaning (Xiang, 2018).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばれーしょ [bàrééshó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ba̠ɾe̞ːɕo̞]

### Noun

馬(ば)鈴(れい)薯(しょ) • (bareisho)
* potato (Solanum tuberosum)

#### Synonyms

* じゃがいも, ジャガイモ, ジャガ芋, ジャガ薯 (jagaimo)

#### Derived terms

* 馬鈴薯粉(ばれいしょふん) (bareisho fun): potato flour; potato starch
* 馬鈴薯澱粉(ばれいしょでんぷん) (bareisho denpun): potato starch

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN