# dung
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdʌŋ/
* Rhymes: -ʌŋ
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English dung, dunge, donge, from Old English dung (“dung; excrement; manure”), from Proto-West Germanic *dungu, from Proto-Germanic *dungō (“dung”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”).

#### Noun

dung (countable and uncountable, plural dungs)
* (uncountable) Manure; animal excrement.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], line 129:Poor Tom, that eats the swimming frog, the toad, the todpole, the wall-newt, and the water; that in the fury of his heart, when the foul fiend rages, eats cow-dung for sallets; swallows the old rat and the ditch-dog; drinks the green mantle of the standing pool […]
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Malachi 2:3:Behold, I will corrupt your seed, and spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts; and one shall take you away with it.
** 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 496:The labourer at the dung cart is paid at 3d. or 4d. a day; and on one estate, Lullington, scattering dung is paid a 5d. the hundred heaps.
* (countable) A type of manure, as from a particular species or type of animal.

##### Derived terms

* bedung
* bulldung
* cowdung
* cow-dung
* cow dung
* devil's dung
* dingle
* dingy
* dungball
* dung beetle
* dunger
* dung fly
* dungfly
* dung fork
* dungfork
* dung funnel
* dung heap
* dungheap
* dunghill
* dunghole
* dung-hunter
* dunglike
* dungmere
* dungmixen
* dung moss
* dungstead
* dungy
* dungyard
* horsedung
* tumbledung

##### Translations
#### Verb

dung (third-person singular simple present dungs, present participle dunging, simple past and past participle dunged)
* (transitive) To fertilize with dung.
** 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Cock and the Fox: Or, The Tale of the Nun’s Priest, from Chaucer”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:a cart he found, That carry'd compost forth to dung the ground
** 1993, Henry Leach, Endure No Makeshifts: Some Naval Recollections:She had been dunging the roses and was fairly covered in muck.
* (transitive, calico printing) To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung, done to remove the superfluous mordant.
* (intransitive) To release dung: to defecate.
** 1669, John Baptiſta Porta, chapter V, in Natural Magick‎, The Third Book Of Natural Magick: […] , page 68:[…] for hungry birds have devoured ſeeds, and having moiſtened and warmed them in their bellies, a little after have dunged in the forky twiſtes of Trees, and together with their dung excluded the ſeed whole which erſt they had ſwallowed: and ſometimes it brings forth there where they dung it, […]

##### Synonyms

* (to shit): See Thesaurus:defecate

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

See ding

#### Verb

dung
* (obsolete) past participle of ding

### Etymology 3

unknown

#### Verb

dung (third-person singular simple present dungs, present participle dunging, simple past and past participle dunged)
* (colloquial) To discard (especially rubbish); to chuck out.

### Etymology 4

Onomatopoeic.

#### Interjection

dung
* Alternative spelling of dong (“sound of a bell”)

### Anagrams

* UNDG

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

dung
* Alternative form of donge (“dung”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

dung
* Alternative form of donge (“Hell”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dunɡ/, [duŋɡ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”).

#### Alternative forms

* dinġ — dative and genitive singular; nominative and accusative plural

#### Noun

dung f (nominative plural dynġ)
* dungeon, prison

##### Declension

Strong consonant stem:

##### Synonyms

* dimhūs

##### Descendants

* Middle English: donge, dung, dunge
* → Anglo-Norman: donjun (semantic loan)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *dungu, from Proto-Germanic *dungō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”).

#### Alternative forms

* ding

#### Noun

dung f
* dung, manure

##### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge
** English: dung
** Scots: dung

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”).

### Noun

dung m or f
* weaving, weavingroom

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: dunk, dunc

## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* (Northern Vietnam) dong

### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 容 (“to tolerate; facial traits”). Also from Chinese 婦容 / 妇容 (phụ dung, “wifely look”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* Homophones: Dung, giun, vun, vung
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Verb

dung
* (archaic or literary) to tolerate
    trời không dung, đất không thathe sky doesn't tolerate it, the earth doesn't forgive it

### Noun

dung
* (Confucianism) beauty, one of the tứ đức (“four virtues”) that women are supposed to have

### See also

* bao dung (“generous”)
* dung mạo
* dung nạp (“to accept, admit”)
* dung nhan (“beautiful feminine face”)
* dung sai (“tolerance”)
* dung tha (“forgive”)
* dung thân (“to take refuge”)
* hình dung
* khoan dung (“tolerant”)