# Gaoxiong
## English
### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin for 高雄 (Gāoxióng).

### Proper noun

Gaoxiong
* Alternative form of Kaohsiung (city)
** 1979 April, “The Turning Point in the Civil War”, in Eastern Horizon‎, volume XVIII, number 4, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 41, column 2:On March 5, all the government and military institutions in Gaoxiong were occupied, and over 700 Kuomintang troops were held captive. The people’s forces from Taizhong, Douliu, Dounan, and Zhushan converged on Huwei, and regrouped into a combined force to capture Huwei airport. All the Chiang troops there surrendered.
** 1982 [1980 November], “The Ming-Qing Period: the Twilight of Feudalism”, in Bai Shouyi [白寿彝], editor, An Outline History of China [中国通史纲要] (China Knowledge Series)‎, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 398:After capturing Zhanghua, he was declared “Marshal of Obedience to Heaven”. Meanwhile, another man named Zhuang Datian, having raised the standard of revolt in Fengshan (modem Gaoxiong), attacked and captured Fengshan.
** 1986, Shih-shan Henry Tsai, “Contemporary Chinese-American Society”, in The Chinese Experience in America‎, Indiana University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 183:Other examples of suppression surfaced in Taiwan. For example, a Harvard-trained woman lawyer, Lu Xiulian, who once spoke at a human-rights rally in the city of Gaoxiong, was arrested December 10, 1979.
** 2007, Marc L. Moskowitz, “Magic Tricks, Midnight Grave Outings, and Transforming Trees: Performance and Agency in Taiwanese Religion”, in Pamela J. Stewart, Andrew Strathern, editors, Asian Ritual Systems: Syncretisms and Ruptures‎, Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 69:According to Mrs. Li, he had only lived in Gaoxiong for eight years. He used to live in Hualian, a smaller city on the East Coast, but moved because the gods told him that there were many ghosts that needed taking care of in Gaoxiong.
** 2010 December 3, Sarah Berning, “Taiwan's ex-president formally begins 19-year jail term”, in Anne Thomas, editor, Deutsche Welle‎, archived from the original on 2023-07-16‎:One of his main supporters is his son, Chen Chih-chung, who was just elected to the city council in the southern Taiwanese city of Gaoxiong.
** 2017 January 11, Sean Lin, “Groups protest use of Hanyu pinyin for new MRT line”, in Taipei Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-01-11, Taiwan News, page 3‎:“For example, the ISO 3166 standard does not spell Kaohsiung as ‘Gaoxiong,’ just as it retained the spelling for Hong Kong, rather than ‘Xianggang,’ after the territory was handed over to China in 1997,” Yu said.
** 2019 October 30, Hyun-bin Kim, “'Air Busan's scheduled operations at Incheon airport to create new momentum'”, in The Korea Times‎, archived from the original on 2019-11-01‎:The carrier has also been given slots on five more international routes this year including to Chengdu, Gaoxiong and Cebu.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Gaoxiong.
* (historical) Alternative form of Kaohsiung (former county)
** 1991, Murray A. Rubinstein, “The Indigenous Church Paradigm”, in The Protestant Community on Modern Taiwan: Mission, Seminary, and Church‎, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, Taiwan in the Modern World, page 145:Now it was the task of Hong and his followers to convince others that the new center of Christianity, the new Mount Zion, now exists in Gaoxiong County in southern Taiwan.
** 2007, Junwei Yu, “The Myth of Hongye and LLB Championship, 1968–1974”, in Playing in Isolation: A History of Baseball in Taiwan‎, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 62:As models of behavior, many coaches often left much to be desired, their integrity and characters questionable. For instance, in the 1971 southern qualifying round Gaoxiong county simply threw the game away to Gaoxiong city in order to allow the other team to go onto the next stage of the tournament.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Kao-hsiung, Pinyin Gaoxiong, in Encyclopædia Britannica
* ↑ Wan-yao Chou (周婉窈) (2015) “Transliteration Tables”, in Carole Plackitt, Tim Casey, transl., A New Illustrated History of Taiwan‎, Taipei: SMC Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 432: “Transliterations used in the text / Hanyu pinyin / Chinese characters or Japanese kanji […] Kaohsiung (Takao, Takou) / Gaoxiong / 高雄（打狗）”

### Further reading

* “Gaoxiong”, in Collins English Dictionary.
* Gaoxiong, Gao Xiong at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
* “Gaoxiong”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “Gaoxiong”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “Gaoxiong” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2025.