# 相

| 相 | U+76F8, &#30456; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F8 |
| ← 盷 [U+76F7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盹 → [U+76F9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

相 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月山 (DBU), four-corner 4690$_0$, composition ⿰木目)

#### Derived characters

* 廂(厢), 㜀, 湘, 緗(缃), 想, 葙, 箱, 霜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23151
* Dae Jaweon: page 1216, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2470, character 13
* Unihan data for U+76F8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 相 | *slaŋ, *slaŋs |
| 廂 | *slaŋ |
| 湘 | *slaŋ |
| 緗 | *slaŋ |
| 箱 | *slaŋ |
| 葙 | *slaŋ |
| 想 | *slaŋʔ |
| 霜 | *sraŋ |
| 孀 | *sraŋ |
| 鸘 | *sraŋ |
| 驦 | *sraŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.

### Etymology

An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiāng (xiang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siông
    (Hailu, HRS): siong$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syong$^1$ / syeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siong / siang / saⁿ / sio / sa / siuⁿ / sioⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^1$ / sio$^1$ / siê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siang
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^1$
*** Yale: syāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$
*** Yale: sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiaŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siông
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sioŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syong$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sio̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong
*** Tâi-lô: siong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Penang): /siɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang
*** Tâi-lô: siang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /siaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: saⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sã³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio
*** Tâi-lô: sio
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioy
*** IPA (Penang): /sio³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sio⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
*** Tâi-lô: sa
*** Phofsit Daibuun: saf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: siunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sviw
*** IPA (Lukang): /siũ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen): /siũ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sioⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sionn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svioy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /siɔ̃⁴⁴/
* siong/siang - literary;
* saⁿ/sio/sa - vernacular;
* siuⁿ/sioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 相思).
* Middle Chinese: sjang
Rime :
| Character | 相 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息良切 |
| Baxter | sjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /siaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*slaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 相 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]aŋ/ |
| English | mutually |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 相 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 13579 |
| Phonetic component | 相 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 襄 |
| Old Chinese | /*slaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

相
* to see for oneself; to evaluate by seeing for oneself
    相女婿 ― xiāng nǚxù ― assess the suitability of a prospective son-in-law or husband
* mutually; reciprocally; towards each other; one another
    相望 ― xiāngwàng ― to look at each other
    相逢 ― xiāngféng ― to meet by chance
* together; jointly
* successively; one after another
* used before a verb to indicate the action is performed by one person towards another
    相信 ― xiàngxìn ― to believe
    如實相告／如实相告 ― rúshí xiānggào ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    出手相救 ― chūshǒu xiāngjiù ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1976 revised / 1955–56, 金庸, chapter 1, in 書劍恩仇錄, 明河社, page 17:
       [Lù Fēiqīng] jìngzì hūn le guòqù. Yě bù zhī guò le duōshǎo shíhòu, mímíhúhú zhōng zhǐ jué de yǒu rén xiāng tuī [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1994, “且留新月共今宵”, 瓊瑤 (lyrics), performed by 葉歡:
       qí zhèng piāopiāo, mǎ zhèng xiāoxiāo, yī wān xīnyuè lái xiāng zhào [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to each other; a meaningless element): 廝 / 厮 (sī)

#### Compounds

* 不相
* 不相容
* 不相干 (bùxiānggān)
* 不相投
* 不相登
* 不相稱 / 不相称
* 不相能
* 不相識 / 不相识
* 不相關 / 不相关
* 互相 (hùxiāng)
* 交相
* 似曾相識 / 似曾相识 (sìcéngxiāngshí)
* 兩相好 / 两相好
* 各相
* 單相思 / 单相思 (dānxiāngsī)
* 好相識 / 好相识
* 心心相印 (xīnxīnxiāngyìn)
* 惺惺相惜 (xīngxīngxiāngxī)
* 拉相好
* 掗相知 / 挜相知
* 攀相好
* 更相
* 病相思 (bìngxiāngsī)
* 相互 (xiānghù)
* 相交 (xiāngjiāo)
* 相交插 (sio-kau-chhap) (Min Nan)
* 相人偶
* 相仍
* 相仿 (xiāngfǎng)
* 相似 (xiāngsì)
* 相伴
* 相似形 (xiāngsìxíng)
* 相似詞 / 相似词 (xiāngsìcí)
* 相依 (xiāngyī)
* 相併 / 相并
* 相信 (xiāngxìn)
* 相保
* 相倣 / 相仿 (xiāngfǎng)
* 相偕
* 相傳 / 相传 (xiāngchuán)
* 相像 (xiāngxiàng)
* 相切 (xiāngqiē)
* 相剋 / 相克 (xiāngkè)
* 相助 (xiāngzhù)
* 相勸 / 相劝 (xiāngquàn)
* 相厚
* 相去 (xiāngqù)
* 相反 (xiāngfǎn)
* 相反數 / 相反数 (xiāngfǎnshù)
* 相反詞 / 相反词
* 相叫
* 相向 (xiāngxiàng)
* 相合 (xiānghé)
* 相同 (xiāngtóng)
* 相和 (xiānghè)
* 相和歌
* 相商 (xiāngshāng)
* 相喚 / 相唤
* 相因 (xiāngyīn)
* 相坐 (xiāngzuò)
* 相失 (xiāngshī)
* 相契
* 相好 (xiānghǎo)
* 相安 (xiāng'ān)
* 相宜 (xiāngyí)
* 相宥
* 相容 (xiāngróng)
* 相將 / 相将
* 相尋 / 相寻
* 相對 / 相对 (xiāngduì)
* 相對論 / 相对论 (xiāngduìlùn)
* 相屬 / 相属
* 相左 (xiāngzuǒ)
* 相差 (xiāngchà)
* 相幫 / 相帮 (xiāngbāng)
* 相干 (xiānggān)
* 相形
* 相待 (xiāngdài)
* 相得 (xiāngdé)
* 相從 / 相从
* 相思 (xiāngsī)
* 相思債 / 相思债
* 相思卦
* 相思套
* 相思子
* 相思木
* 相思樹 / 相思树 (xiāngsīshù)
* 相思病 (xiāngsībìng)
* 相思草
* 相思豆
* 相思鳥 / 相思鸟
* 相愛 / 相爱 (xiāng'ài)
* 相應 / 相应
* 相戀 / 相恋 (xiāngliàn)
* 相成 (xiāngchéng)
* 相打 (xiāngdǎ)
* 相托
* 相承 (xiāngchéng)
* 相投 (xiāngtóu)
* 相抱 (xiāngbào)
* 相抵 (xiāngdǐ)
* 相持 (xiāngchí)
* 相接 (xiāngjiē)
* 相提並論 / 相提并论 (xiāngtíbìnglùn)
* 相搏
* 相撲 / 相扑 (xiāngpū)
* 相擾 / 相扰
* 相救 (xiāngjiù)
* 相於 / 相于
* 相易
* 相映 (xiāngyìng)
* 相會 / 相会 (xiānghuì)
* 相望 (xiāngwàng)
* 相期 (xiāngqī)
* 相次
* 相比 (xiāngbǐ)
* 相求 (xiāngqiú)
* 相沿
* 相激 (xiāngjī)
* 相濟 / 相济 (xiāngjì)
* 相為 / 相为 (xiāngwéi)
* 相煩 / 相烦 (xiāngfán)
* 相熟 (xiāngshú)
* 相爭 / 相争 (xiāngzhēng)
* 相狎
* 相率 (xiāngshuài)
* 相生 (xiāngshēng)
* 相異 / 相异 (xiāngyì)
* 相當 / 相当 (xiāngdāng)
* 相看 (xiāngkan)
* 相知 (xiāngzhī)
* 相視 / 相视 (xiāngshì)
* 相稱 / 相称
* 相符 (xiāngfú)
* 相等 (xiāngděng)
* 相約 / 相约 (xiāngyuē)
* 相結 / 相结 (xiāngjié)
* 相繼 / 相继 (xiāngjì)
* 相罵 / 相骂 (xiāngmà)
* 相羊 (xiāngyáng)
* 相聚 (xiāngjù)
* 相聯 / 相联
* 相背
* 相與 / 相与 (xiāngyǔ)
* 相若 (xiāngruò)
* 相處 / 相处 (xiāngchǔ)
* 相褒戲 / 相褒戏
* 相襯 / 相衬 (xiāngchèn)
* 相襲 / 相袭
* 相見 / 相见 (xiāngjiàn)
* 相覷 / 相觑
* 相訾
* 相認 / 相认 (xiāngrèn)
* 相識 / 相识 (xiāngshí)
* 相讓 / 相让 (xiāngràng)
* 相趁
* 相距 (xiāngjù)
* 相較 / 相较 (xiàngjiào)
* 相輕 / 相轻
* 相輔相成 / 相辅相成 (xiāngfǔxiāngchéng)
* 相近 (xiāngjìn)
* 相逢 (xiāngféng)
* 相通 (xiāngtōng)
* 相連 / 相连 (xiānglián)
* 相逼 (xiāngbī)
* 相過 / 相过
* 相遇 (xiāngyù)
* 相違 / 相违 (xiāngwéi)
* 相鄰 / 相邻 (xiānglín)
* 相配 (xiāngpèi)
* 相間 / 相间 (xiāngjiàn)
* 相關 / 相关 (xiāngguān)
* 相陪
* 相隔 (xiānggé)
* 相隨 / 相随 (xiāngsuí)
* 相離 / 相离 (xiānglí)
* 相類 / 相类 (xiānglèi)
* 端相
* 老相交
* 老相好
* 老相識 / 老相识 (lǎoxiāngshí)
* 肩相比
* 舊相識 / 旧相识
* 長相思 / 长相思
* 面面相覷 / 面面相觑 (miànmiànxiāngqù)
* 馬相如 / 马相如

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiàng (xiang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^3$ / soeng$^{3-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiang$^1$ / lhiang$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xiong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siong
    (Hailu, HRS): siong$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiong$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xion$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): sio̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sióng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^4$ / siuⁿ$^4$ / syong$^4$ / syeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siòng / siàng / siùⁿ / siòⁿ / siàuⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^3$ / sion$^3$ / siên$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^4$
*** Yale: syàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianq
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^3$ / soeng$^{3-2}$
*** Yale: seung / séung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^3$ / soeng$^{3-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^3$ / sêng$^{3-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ³³/, /sœːŋ³³⁻³⁵/
* soeng3-2 - “photo; picture”.
* Middle Chinese: sjangH
Rime :
| Character | 相 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息亮切 |
| Baxter | sjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /siaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*slaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 相 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]aŋ-s/ |
| English | appearance, quality |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 相 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 13586 |
| Phonetic component | 相 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 相 |
| Old Chinese | /*slaŋs/ |

#### Definitions

相
* to look at; to examine the appearance and judge; to observe
    From: 《相鼠》, the 52nd poem in the Classic of Poetry, c. 11th～7th centuries BCE
    Xiàng shǔ yǒu pí, rén ér wú yí! [Pinyin]
    Look at the rat, it keeps its coat; How can a man lack proper comport?
* looks; appearance; features
    長相／长相 ― zhǎngxiàng ― facial features
* posture; bearing
    睡相 ― shuìxiàng ― posture during sleep
* demeanour; manners
    吃相 ― chīxiàng ― table manners
* photo; picture; photograph (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 幅 c)
    影幾張相／影几张相 [Cantonese] ― jing$^2$ gei$^2$ zoeng$^1$ soeng$^{3-2}$ [Jyutping] ― to take a few pictures
* phase; exterior; stage; period
* (physics) phase
    相空間／相空间 ― xiàngkōngjiān ― phase space
    相位 ― xiàngwèi ― phase
    月相 ― yuèxiàng ― lunar phase
* (geology) facies
* to physiognomise; to practise physiognomy; to tell fortune by reading the subject's facial features
    相面 ― xiàngmiàn ― to tell somebody's fortune by their face
* physiognomy; practice of physiognomy
* to choose; to pick
* to assist; to help; to oversee
    相夫教子 ― xiàngfūjiàozǐ ― to help one's husband while bringing up one's children
    From: circa 806, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《賀進士王參元失火書》, translated into English as Congratulations on a Fire by Herbert A. Giles, 1922.
    Nǎi jīn xìng wèi tiānhuǒ zhī suǒ dídàng, fán zhòng zhī yílǜ, jǔ wèi huī'āi. Qián qí lú, zhě qí yuán, yǐ shì qí wú yǒu, ér zúxià zhī cáinéng nǎi kě xiǎn bái ér bù wū, qí shí chū yǐ. Shì Zhùróng, Huílù zhī xiàng wúzǐ yě. [Pinyin]
    But now that Heaven has sent this ruin upon you, the suspicions of men vanish with the smoke of the fire, and are refuted by the blackened walls which proclaim your poverty to all. Your talents have now free play, without fear of reproach. Verily the Gods of Fire are on your side.
* (Chinese mythology) Xiang of Xia (fifth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
* (chiefly historical or in compounds) Chancellor of State; minister
    外相 ― wàixiàng ― foreign minister
    首相 ― shǒuxiàng ― prime minister
    From: Water Margin, Chapter 7
    Ēn xiàng, qià cái méng liǎng ge chéng jú hūhuàn Lín Chōng, jiāng dāo lái bǐ kàn. [Pinyin]
    Benevolent Lord, two of your lieutenants brought me here saying you wanted to compare your sword with mine.
* (xiangqi) minister: 🩢 (on the red side)
* (historical) master of ceremonies
* (historical) attendant
* to administer; to govern
    From: c. 800, 柳宗元 (Liu Zongyuan),《梓人傳》, translation revised from Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang's version
    Wú wén láoxīn zhě yì rén, láolì zhě yì yú rén, bǐ qí láoxīn zhě yú? Néng zhě yòng ér zhì zhě móu, bǐ qí zhì zhě yú? Shì zú wéi zuǒ tiānzǐ, xiàng tiānxià fǎ yǐ! [Pinyin]
    I have heard that (Mencius said), “Those who toil with their minds cause others to labor on their behalf, while those who toil with their hands labor for others and serve those who use their minds.” He must be one who toils with his mind. Skilled men employ their skills, while intelligent men devise plans. He must be an intelligent man. If so, this serves as a worthy model for those who assist their sovereign in governing an empire.
* to teach; to instruct
* a person who guides or leads a blind person
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wēi ér bù chí, diān ér bù fú, zé jiāng yān yòng bǐ xiàng yǐ? [Pinyin]
    How can he be used as a guide to a blind man, who does not support him when tottering, nor raise him up when fallen?
* (Southern Min) to be born in the year of (one of the twelve animals)
* (Teochew, Haifeng Min) to believe
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (Chancellor of State): 丞相 (chéngxiàng), 相府 (xiàngfǔ), 相國／相国 (xiàngguó), 宰相 (zǎixiàng)
* (photograph):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 照片, 相片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 相片兒, 照片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 相片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 照片, 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 照片, 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 照片, 相片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 照片, 相片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 相片, 照片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 照片 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 相片兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 照片, 相片兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 相片兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 相片兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 相片, 照片, 相片兒, 照片兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 相片兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 照片, 相片兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 相片兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 相, 相片兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 相片兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 照片, 相片 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 相片兒, 照片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 相片 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 照片, 相片 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 照片, 相片 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 照片, 相片兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 相片 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 照片, 相片 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 相片 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 照片, 相片 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 相片, 相片子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 照片兒, 相片兒, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 照片, 相片兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 照片, 相片子, 相片, 相 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 照片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 照片, 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 相片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 照片, 小照, 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 照片, 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 照片, 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 照片, 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 照片, 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 照片, 相片 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 照片, 相片, 相 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 相片, 相 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 相 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 相 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 相 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 相片, 相 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 相 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 相 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 相 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 相片, 相 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 相片 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 相片 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 相片, 相片子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 相片 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 相片 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 相片 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 相片 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 相片 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 相片 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 相片, 寫真 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 相片, 寫真 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 相片, 寫真 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 相片, 寫真, 寫真相 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 相片 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 照片, 相片 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 相片, 相片子, 照相片 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 相片兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 相片子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 照片, 相片 |
| Jin | Jining | 照片 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 相片兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 照片兒, 相片兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 相片兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 照片兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 照片, 相片 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 相片 |
| Jin | Suide | 相片兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 相, 相片 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 相, 相片 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 相片 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 像片, 相, 小影, 影 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 像片, 影 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 影 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 影相 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 像, 相片 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 相片 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 相片, 像 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 像 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 相 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 相片 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 相片 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 相 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 小影 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 像 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 像 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 相 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 相片, 相 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 小影, 相, 相片 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 相片 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 相 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 小影, 相片 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 像 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 相 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 相 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 相片 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 照相, 照片, 寫真 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 照, 照片 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 照相 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 相片子, 相片, 相 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 相片子, 相片 |
* (to be born in the year of):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 屬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 屬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 屬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 屬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 屬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 屬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 屬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 屬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 屬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 肖 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 肖 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 肖 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 肖 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 肖 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 肖 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 肖 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 肖 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 相 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 相 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 相 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 相 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 相 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 相 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 相 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 席 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 肖 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 肖 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 肖, 屬 |
* (to believe):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 相信, 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 相信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 信 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 信 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 相信, 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 相信, 信服, 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 相信, 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 相信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 信, 相信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 相信, 信, 信實 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 相信, 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 相信, 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 相信, 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 相信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 相信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 相信, 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 信 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 相信, 信 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 信 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 相信 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 相信 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 相信 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 相信 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Linhe | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Jining | 相信 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 相信 |
| Jin | Handan | 相信, 信 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 相信 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 相信, 信用, 信 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 相信, 相 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 信 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 相信 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 相信 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 相信 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 相信 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 相信 |
| Wu | Danyang | 相信 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 相信 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 相信 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 相信 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 信 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 信 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 相信, 信 |

##### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese chess pieces) 帥 / 帅 (shuài) / 將 / 将 (jiàng), 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥 / 伡 / 車 / 车 (jū), 傌 / 㐷 / 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲 / 炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒 (zú)

#### Compounds

* 上相 (shàngxiàng)
* 三相 (sānxiàng)
* 三相點 / 三相点 (sānxiàngdiǎn)
* 不識相 / 不识相
* 丞相 (chéngxiàng)
* 乞窮儉相 / 乞穷俭相
* 亮相 (liàngxiàng)
* 伍相廟 / 伍相庙 (Wǔxiàngmiào)
* 伴食宰相
* 倒楣相
* 傻瓜相機 / 傻瓜相机 (shǎguā xiàngjī)
* 儐相 / 傧相
* 內相 / 内相
* 八相
* 公相
* 六相圓融 / 六相圆融
* 共相 (gòngxiàng)
* 凶相畢露
* 出入將相 / 出入将相
* 出將入相 / 出将入相
* 出洋相 (chū yángxiàng)
* 分相
* 功同良相
* 劣相
* 十相具足
* 印相
* 印相箱
* 印相紙 / 印相纸
* 反相 (fǎnxiàng)
* 可厭相 / 可厌相
* 右相
* 吉人天相 (jíréntiānxiàng)
* 名相 (míngxiàng)
* 同緣同相 / 同缘同相
* 呂相 / 吕相
* 命相
* 命薄相窮 / 命薄相穷
* 品相 (pǐnxiàng)
* 單口相聲 / 单口相声
* 單相 / 单相 (dānxiàng)
* 單眼相機 / 单眼相机
* 四相
* 垃圾相
* 壽者相 / 寿者相
* 外相 (wàixiàng)
* 大相國寺 / 大相国寺
* 夫妻相 (fūqīxiàng)
* 天相吉人
* 女儐相 / 女傧相 (nǚbīnxiàng)
* 媼相 / 媪相
* 字相學 / 字相学
* 孛相
* 宅相
* 定相
* 定睛一相
* 家相
* 宰相 (zǎixiàng)
* 寒傖相 / 寒伧相
* 寒相
* 實相 / 实相
* 察相
* 寶相 / 宝相
* 寶相莊嚴 / 宝相庄严
* 封侯拜相
* 將相 / 将相 (jiàngxiàng)
* 將相和 / 将相和
* 將相器 / 将相器
* 將相雙權 / 将相双权
* 尊相
* 對口相聲 / 对口相声
* 小器相
* 小相
* 小相公 (xiǎoxiànggōng)
* 屬相 / 属相
* 山中宰相
* 布衣卿相
* 布面相片
* 幻相
* 弄獐宰相
* 弄白相
* 形相 (xíngxiàng)
* 影快相
* 影相
* 快相機 / 快相机
* 怪物相
* 性相
* 急相 (jíxiàng)
* 恩相 (ēnxiàng)
* 惡相 / 恶相
* 戒相
* 手相 (shǒuxiàng)
* 手相學 / 手相学
* 打圓相 / 打圆相
* 扮相 (bànxiàng)
* 拈相
* 拜相 (bàixiàng)
* 拗相公
* 拜相封侯
* 摸稜宰相 / 摸棱宰相
* 摸骨相
* 擯相 / 摈相
* 數位相機 / 数位相机
* 方相
* 方相氏
* 旺相
* 星相 (xīngxiàng)
* 月相 (yuèxiàng)
* 本相 (běnxiàng)
* 林相
* 業相 / 业相
* 死相 (sǐxiàng)
* 法相
* 法相宗
* 洞悉真相
* 洋相 (yángxiàng)
* 海相沉積 / 海相沉积
* 清氣相 / 清气相 (chheng-khì-siùⁿ) (Min Nan)
* 滅相 / 灭相
* 照相 (zhàoxiàng)
* 照相凸版
* 照相凹版
* 照相平版
* 照相打字
* 照相機 / 照相机 (zhàoxiàngjī)
* 照相測量 / 照相测量
* 照相版
* 照相紙 / 照相纸
* 照相著色
* 照相製版 / 照相制版
* 照相館 / 照相馆 (zhàoxiàngguǎn)
* 犯相
* 狂相
* 王侯將相 / 王侯将相 (wánghóujiàngxiàng)
* 玉質金相 / 玉质金相
* 生物相 (shēngwùxiāng)
* 生相 (shēngxiàng)
* 男儐相 / 男傧相 (nánbīnxiàng)
* 異相 / 异相
* 當朝宰相 / 当朝宰相
* 白搶白相 / 白抢白相
* 白相
* 白相人
* 白衣卿相
* 皮相 (píxiàng)
* 皮相士
* 相人
* 相位 (xiàngwèi)
* 相公
* 相公堂子
* 相匣子
* 相印
* 相印法
* 相命 (xiàngmìng)
* 相國 / 相国 (xiàngguó)
* 相士
* 相夫教子 (xiàngfūjiàozǐ)
* 相女配夫
* 相如病渴
* 相字
* 相府 (xiàngfǔ)
* 相時 / 相时
* 相時而動 / 相时而动
* 相書 / 相书
* 相框 (xiàngkuàng)
* 相機 / 相机 (xiàngjī)
* 相機而動 / 相机而动
* 相機而言 / 相机而言
* 相機行事 / 相机行事
* 相機觀變 / 相机观变
* 相法
* 相父
* 相片
* 相片光碟
* 相王
* 看相 (kànxiàng)
* 相禮 / 相礼
* 相簿 (xiàngbù)
* 相紙 / 相纸
* 相者 (xiàngzhě)
* 相聲 / 相声
* 相腳手 / 相脚手
* 相腳頭 / 相脚头
* 相臺 / 相台
* 相術 / 相术 (xiàngshù)
* 相親 / 相亲
* 相變 / 相变 (xiàngbiàn)
* 相貌 (xiàngmào)
* 相貌堂堂 (xiàngmàotángtáng)
* 相轉移催化劑 / 相转移催化剂 (xiàngzhuǎnyícuīhuàjì)
* 相部宗
* 相門出相 / 相门出相
* 相門有相 / 相门有相
* 相面 (xiàngmiàn)
* 相風 / 相风
* 相風使帆 / 相风使帆
* 相馬 / 相马
* 相體 / 相体
* 相鼠
* 真相 (zhēnxiàng)
* 真相大白 (zhēnxiàng dàbái)
* 眾生相 / 众生相 (zhòngshēngxiàng)
* 睡相
* 破相 (pòxiàng)
* 碟式相機 / 碟式相机
* 祿相 / 禄相
* 福相 (fúxiàng)
* 空相
* 窮形盡相 / 穷形尽相
* 窮相 / 穷相 (qióngxiàng)
* 篾片相公
* 老相 (lǎoxiàng)
* 良將賢相 / 良将贤相
* 良相
* 色相 (sèxiàng)
* 花相
* 苦相
* 蔡澤看相 / 蔡泽看相
* 薄相
* 薄祿相 / 薄禄相
* 蝕相 / 蚀相
* 蠟燭相 / 蜡烛相
* 表相
* 說相聲 / 说相声
* 識相 / 识相 (shíxiàng)
* 變相 / 变相 (biànxiàng)
* 貌相 (màoxiàng)
* 財相 / 财相 (cáixiàng)
* 貴相 / 贵相
* 賢相 / 贤相
* 車頭相 / 车头相
* 輔相 / 辅相
* 醫卜星相 / 医卜星相
* 金相
* 金相學 / 金相学
* 金相玉式
* 金相玉質 / 金相玉质
* 鐵血宰相 / 铁血宰相
* 長相 / 长相
* 陸相沉積 / 陆相沉积
* 集錦照相 / 集锦照相
* 露相 (lòuxiàng)
* 面相 (miànxiàng)
* 頭廳相 / 头厅相
* 顯微照相 / 显微照相
* 風流宰相 / 风流宰相
* 首相 (shǒuxiàng)
* 麻衣相法
* 黑王相公

### References

* “相”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “相”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 258.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “相”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, pages 487, 518.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* mutual, reciprocal, with one another
* appearance, look

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 相 (MC sjang); compare Mandarin 相 (xiāng):
* Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 相 (MC sjangH); compare Mandarin 相 (xiàng):
* Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: あい (ai, 相, Jōyō)、こもごも (komogomo, 相)、さが (saga, 相)、みる (miru, 相る)、たすける (tasukeru, 相ける)
* Nanori: あ (a)、あい (ai)、あう (au)、あきら (akira)、い (i)、おう (ō)、さ (sa)、さが (saga)、すけ (suke)、たすく (tasuku)、とも (tomo)、はる (haru)、まさ (masa)、み (mi)、みる (miru)

#### Compounds

* 相(あい)手(て) (aite, “companion, partner, opponent”)
* 液(えき)相(そう) (ekisō, “liquid phase”)
* 気(き)相(そう) (kisō, “gaseous phase”)
* 固(こ)相(そう) (kosō, “solid phase”)
* 相撲(すもう) (sumō, “sumo”)
* 相(そう)談(だん) (sōdan, “consultation”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 相
* あい Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry. :
| 【あい】 | [prefix] mutual, together, each other [prefix] used in official or epistolary writings for elegance or politeness |
(This term, 相, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 相
* こもごも Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry. :
| 【こもごも】 | [adverb] alternating; one after another [adverb] all mixed up and indistinct Alternative spellings 交々, 交, 更 |
(This term, 相, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 相
* さが Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 性
From Old Japanese, although the ultimate derivation is unknown. Appears in The Tale of Genji and The Tales of Ise of the Heian period.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さが [sáꜜgà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sa̠ɡa̠]

#### Noun

相(さが) • (saga)
* nature, personality, characteristic
* fate, destiny
* a habit, custom, or practice
* the good and bad of a person, especially one's faults

##### Synonyms

* (nature): 性(せい)質(しつ) (seishitsu); 本(ほん)能(のう) (honnō)
* (fate): 運(うん)命(めい) (unmei); 宿(しゅく)命(めい) (shukumei)
* (habit): 癖(くせ) (kuse)
* (custom): 習(しゅう)慣(かん) (shūkan); 慣(なら)わし, 習(なら)わし (narawashi)
* (good and bad): 善(ぜん)悪(あく) (zen'aku)
* (faults): 欠(けっ)点(てん) (ketten); 短(たん)所(しょ) (tansho); 悪(わる)癖(ぐせ) (waruguse); 悪(あく)癖(へき) (akuheki)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 相
* しょう Grade: 3
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 相 (“together, with”), from the way that a minister would always be with their lord. Kan'on, so likely a later borrowing than the sō reading.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Suffix

相(しょう) • (-shō)
* minister of state
    首(しゅ)相(しょう)
       shushō
       prime minister
    内(ない)相(しょう)
       naishō
       minister of the interior

##### Synonyms

* 大(だい)臣(じん) (daijin)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 相
* そう Grade: 3
* goon
From Middle Chinese. Goon, so likely an earlier borrowing than the shō reading.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そー [sóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [so̞ː]

#### Noun

相(そう) • (sō)
* appearance, how something looks
* an aspect of something
    大(だい)自(し)然(ぜん)の色(いろ)々(いろ)な相(そう)
       daishizen no iroiro na sō
       various aspects of nature
* (grammar) grammatical aspect
* (physics) a phase, as of matter
* (ikebana) the central supporting branch of an ikebana arrangement

##### Related terms

* (ikebana): 役(やく)枝(えだ) (yakueda)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 相
* すがた Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry. :
| 【姿すがた】6 | [noun] figure, appearance, form, aspect, shape |
(This term, 相, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 相 (MC sjang, “mutual; together”).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (Yale: syàng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (Yale: syàng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 서르 샤ᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (syang) (Yale: syàng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 서ᄅᆞ 샹 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 샹 (Yale: syang) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
| ↑ 本平聲 [Level tone] ↑ Identical eumhun in Gwangju Cheonjamun and Sinjeung Yuhap. |||

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [상]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 相 (eumhun 서로 상 (seoro sang))
* hanja form of 상 (“mutual; together”)

#### Compounds

* 상관 (相關, sanggwan)
* 상담 (相談, sangdam, “advice; consultation”)
* 상당 (相當, sangdang)
* 상대 (相對, sangdae)
* 상대방 (相對方, sangdaebang)
* 상봉 (相逢, sangbong)
* 상속 (相續, sangsok)
* 상쇄 (相殺, sangswae)
* 상응 (相應, sang'eung)
* 상이 (相異, sang'i)
* 상종 (相從, sangjong)
* 상호 (相互, sangho)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 相 (MC sjangH, “appearance”).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ〮 (Yale: syáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ〮 (Yale: syáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄌᆡ〯샤ᇰ〮 샤ᇰ〮 | Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ〮 (syáng) (Yale: syáng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 졍승 샹 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 샹 (Yale: syang) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
| ↑ 宰相 [Chancellor of State] ↑ 政丞 [Minister] |||

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [상]

#### Hanja

相 (eumhun 바탕 상 (batang sang))
* hanja form of 상 (“looks; appearance”)
* hanja form of 상 (“minister of state”)

#### Compounds

* 관상 (觀相, gwansang)
* 면상 (面相, myeonsang)
* 색상 (色相, saeksang)
* 실상 (實相, silsang)
* 양상 (樣相, yangsang)
* 외상 (外相, oesang)
* 위상 (位相, wisang)
* 인상 (人相, insang)
* 재상 (宰相, jaesang)
* 진상 (眞相, jinsang)
* 형상 (形相, hyeongsang)
* 흉상 (凶相, hyungsang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

相: Hán Nôm readings: tương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.