# 鳴

| 鳴 | U+9CF4, &#40180; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CF4 |
| ← 鳳 [U+9CF3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鳵 → [U+9CF5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鳴 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+3, 14 strokes, cangjie input 口竹日火 (RHAF), four-corner 6702$_7$, composition ⿰口鳥)

#### Derived characters

* 𭬖, 𪂘, 𫬚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1482, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46672
* Dae Jaweon: page 2014, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4615, character 17
* Unihan data for U+9CF4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 口 (“mouth”) + 鳥 (“bird”) – to cry (of birds).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), 笙 (OC *sreŋ), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míng (ming$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ming$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): men$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mìn
    (Hailu, HRS): min
    (Meixian, Guangdong): min$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ming$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): měng
* Eastern Min (BUC): mìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$min
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$
*** Yale: míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$
*** Yale: mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: men$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐben²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /min¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: min
*** Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /min¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ming$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: měng
*** Sinological IPA : /meiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
*** Tâi-lô: bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /meŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$min
*** MiniDict: min$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$min
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /min¹³/
* Middle Chinese: mjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 鳴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武兵切 |
| Baxter | mjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | míng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.reŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mreŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鳴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | míng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*m.reŋ/ |
| English | cry (of birds or animals) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鳴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9216 |
| Phonetic component | 鳴 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 明 |
| Old Chinese | /*mreŋ/ |

### Definitions

鳴
* (of birds, animals and insects) to cry, to call
    鳥鳴／鸟鸣 ― niǎo míng ― birds cry
* (of other kinds of noises) to make a sound
    雷鳴／雷鸣 ― léimíng ― to be thunderous
    耳鳴／耳鸣 ― ěrmíng ― tinnitus
* (literary, or in compounds) to express; to voice
    鳴冤／鸣冤 ― míngyuān ― to voice grievances
    鳴不平／鸣不平 ― míngbùpíng ― to cry out against injustice
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to express):
* 傾吐 / 倾吐 (qīngtǔ)
* 傾訴 / 倾诉 (qīngsù)
* 宣洩 / 宣泄 (xuānxiè)
* 抒發 / 抒发 (shūfā)
* 發洩 / 发泄 (fāxiè)
* 言心 (yánxīn) (literary)
* 陶洩 / 陶泄 (táoxiè) (literary)

### Compounds

* 一鳴驚人 / 一鸣惊人 (yīmíngjīngrén)
* 不平之鳴 / 不平之鸣 (bùpíngzhīmíng)
* 不平則鳴 / 不平则鸣 (bùpíngzémíng)
* 不平而鳴 / 不平而鸣
* 人頭畜鳴 / 人头畜鸣
* 共鳴 / 共鸣 (gòngmíng)
* 和鳴 / 和鸣
* 哀鳴 / 哀鸣 (āimíng)
* 喘鳴 / 喘鸣 (chuǎnmíng)
* 嘶鳴 / 嘶鸣
* 嚶鳴求友 / 嘤鸣求友
* 天籟自鳴 / 天籁自鸣
* 奏鳴曲 / 奏鸣曲 (zòumíngqǔ)
* 奏鳴曲式 / 奏鸣曲式 (zòumíngqǔshì)
* 女曰雞鳴 / 女曰鸡鸣
* 孤掌難鳴 / 孤掌难鸣
* 弄口鳴舌 / 弄口鸣舌
* 悲鳴 / 悲鸣 (bēimíng)
* 打鳴 / 打鸣 (dǎmíng)
* 擂鼓鳴金 / 擂鼓鸣金
* 朝陽鳴鳳 / 朝阳鸣凤
* 東鳴西應 / 东鸣西应
* 殿鐘自鳴 / 殿钟自鸣
* 氣鳴樂器 / 气鸣乐器
* 爭鳴 / 争鸣 (zhēngmíng)
* 牝雞晨鳴 / 牝鸡晨鸣
* 牝雞牡鳴 / 牝鸡牡鸣
* 狗盜雞鳴 / 狗盗鸡鸣
* 狐鳴狗盜 / 狐鸣狗盗
* 狐鳴魚書 / 狐鸣鱼书
* 琴瑟和鳴 / 琴瑟和鸣 (qínsèhémíng)
* 瓦釜之鳴 / 瓦釜之鸣
* 瓦釜雷鳴 / 瓦釜雷鸣
* 百家爭鳴 / 百家争鸣 (bǎijiāzhēngmíng)
* 百家齊鳴 / 百家齐鸣
* 篝火狐鳴 / 篝火狐鸣
* 耳鳴 / 耳鸣 (ěrmíng)
* 肚裡雷鳴 / 肚里雷鸣
* 肚轉腸鳴 / 肚转肠鸣
* 肥遯鳴高 / 肥遁鸣高
* 膜鳴樂器 / 膜鸣乐器
* 自鳴得意 / 自鸣得意 (zìmíngdéyì)
* 自鳴鐘 / 自鸣钟 (zìmíngzhōng)
* 蛙鳴 / 蛙鸣
* 蜂鳴器 / 蜂鸣器
* 蟲鳴水沸 / 虫鸣水沸
* 蟬鳴稻 / 蝉鸣稻
* 轟鳴 / 轰鸣 (hōngmíng)
* 重赴鹿鳴 / 重赴鹿鸣
* 金鼓雷鳴 / 金鼓雷鸣
* 金鼓齊鳴 / 金鼓齐鸣 (jīngǔ qí míng)
* 鏘鳴 / 锵鸣
* 鐘鳴漏盡 / 钟鸣漏尽
* 鐘鳴鼎食 / 钟鸣鼎食 (zhōngmíngdǐngshí)
* 長鳴 / 长鸣 (chángmíng)
* 雞鳴 / 鸡鸣 (jīmíng)
* 雞鳴問寢 / 鸡鸣问寝
* 雞鳴枕 / 鸡鸣枕
* 雞鳴犬吠 / 鸡鸣犬吠
* 雞鳴狗吠 / 鸡鸣狗吠
* 雞鳴狗盜 / 鸡鸣狗盗 (jīmínggǒudào)
* 雞鳴而起 / 鸡鸣而起
* 雷鳴 / 雷鸣 (léimíng)
* 雷鳴瓦釜 / 雷鸣瓦釜
* 風不鳴條 / 风不鸣条
* 驢鳴犬吠 / 驴鸣犬吠
* 鳴不平 / 鸣不平 (míngbùpíng)
* 鳴冤 / 鸣冤 (míngyuān)
* 鳴冤叫屈 / 鸣冤叫屈
* 鳴叫 / 鸣叫 (míngjiào)
* 鳴唱 / 鸣唱
* 鳴噪 / 鸣噪
* 鳴器 / 鸣器
* 鳴天鼓 / 鸣天鼓
* 鳴奏 / 鸣奏
* 鳴彈 / 鸣弹
* 鳴放 / 鸣放 (míngfàng)
* 鳴放運動 / 鸣放运动
* 鳴條 / 鸣条
* 鳴榔 / 鸣榔
* 鳴榔板 / 鸣榔板
* 鳴槍 / 鸣枪 (míngqiāng)
* 鳴沙 / 鸣沙
* 鳴沙山 / 鸣沙山 (Míngshāshān)
* 鳴炮 / 鸣炮 (míngpào)
* 鳴玉 / 鸣玉
* 鳴珂巷 / 鸣珂巷
* 鳴琴 / 鸣琴
* 鳴琴垂拱 / 鸣琴垂拱
* 鳴琴而治 / 鸣琴而治
* 鳴禽 / 鸣禽 (míngqín)
* 鳴笛 / 鸣笛 (míngdí)
* 鳴管 / 鸣管 (míngguǎn)
* 鳴蜩 / 鸣蜩
* 鳴謝 / 鸣谢 (míngxiè)
* 鳴謝啟事 / 鸣谢启事
* 鳴金 / 鸣金 (míngjīn)
* 鳴金擊鼓 / 鸣金击鼓
* 鳴金收兵 / 鸣金收兵
* 鳴鏑 / 鸣镝 (míngdí)
* 鳴鐘 / 鸣钟 (míngzhōng)
* 鳴鐘列鼎 / 鸣钟列鼎
* 鳴鑼 / 鸣锣 (míngluó)
* 鳴鑾 / 鸣銮
* 鳴鑼開道 / 鸣锣开道
* 鳴鞘 / 鸣鞘
* 鳴鞭 / 鸣鞭
* 鳴鞭電抹 / 鸣鞭电抹
* 鳴響 / 鸣响 (míngxiǎng)
* 鳴騶 / 鸣驺
* 鳴鳩 / 鸣鸠 (míngjiū)
* 鳴鳳 / 鸣凤 (Míngfèng)
* 鳴鳳朝陽 / 鸣凤朝阳
* 鳳鳴朝陽 / 凤鸣朝阳
* 鳴鼓大噪 / 鸣鼓大噪
* 鳴鼓而攻 / 鸣鼓而攻
* 鳴鼓而攻之 / 鸣鼓而攻之
* 鴻雁哀鳴 / 鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)
* 鶴鳴 / 鹤鸣
* 鶴鳴之士 / 鹤鸣之士
* 鶴鳴九皋 / 鹤鸣九皋
* 鸞鳳和鳴 / 鸾凤和鸣
* 鹿鳴 / 鹿鸣
* 鹿鳴宴 / 鹿鸣宴 (lùmíngyàn)
* 黿鳴鱉應 / 鼋鸣鳖应
* 鼎食鳴鐘 / 鼎食鸣钟
* 鼓吹鳴蛙 / 鼓吹鸣蛙
* 鼙鼓雷鳴 / 鼙鼓雷鸣
* 龍躍鳳鳴 / 龙跃凤鸣 (lóngyuèfèngmíng)

### References

* “鳴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鸣”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* a cry; crying

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
* Kun: なく (naku, 鳴く, Jōyō)、なる (naru, 鳴る, Jōyō)、ならす (narasu, 鳴らす, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 奏鳴(そうめい)曲(きょく) (sōmeikyoku): sonata
* 悲鳴(ひめい) (himei): a scream, a shriek
* 鳴(なる)門(と) (naruto), 鳴(なる)戸(と) (naruto): a narrows where a noisy whirlpool occurs
* 鳴(なる)戸(と)巻(まき) (naruto maki), 鳴(なる)門(と)巻(まき) (naruto maki): a noisy whirlpool; a spiral pattern resembling a whirlpool
* 雷(らい)鳴(めい) (raimei): thunder, thunderclap

#### Synonyms

* 泣

## Korean
### Hanja

鳴 (eumhun 울 명 (ul myeong))
* hanja form of 명 (“cry of bird or animal”)
* hanja form of 명 (“make sound”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鳴: Hán Nôm readings: minh, mắng, mằng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.