# اتفاق
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of اِتَّفَقَ (ittafaqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /it.ti.faːq/

### Noun

اِتِّفَاق • (ittifāq) m (plural اِتِّفَاقَات (ittifāqāt))
* verbal noun of اِتَّفَقَ (ittafaqa) (form VIII)
* agreement, union, concord, harmony
* compact, league, alliance
* conspiracy

#### Derived terms

* اِتِّفَاقِيَّة (ittifāqiyya)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: ittifaq
* → Bengali: ইত্তেফাক (ittefaq)
* → Kazakh: ынтымақ (yntymaq)
* → Persian: اتفاق
** → Urdu: اتفاق
*** → Ushojo: اتفاق
* → Ottoman Turkish: اتفاق
** → Turkish: ittifak
* → Swahili: itifaki
* → Uyghur: ئىتتىپاق (ittipaq)
* → Uzbek: ittifoq

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “اتفاق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “وفق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /it.ti.faːɡ/, [ɪt.tɪ.faːɡ]

### Noun

اتفاق • (ittifāg) m (plural اِتِّفَاقات (ittifāgāt))
* agreement, union, concord, harmony
* conspiracy

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq).
Sense 5 in Dari is a semantic borrowing from Indo-Persian.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔit.ti.fɑːq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.fɔːq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔet̪.t̪ʰe.fɒːɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.fɔq]

### Noun

اتفاق • (ettefâq) (plural اتفاق‌ها (ettefâq-hâ) or اتفاقات (ettefâqât))
* occurrence, happening, event
* accident, incident
    Synonyms: رویداد (rôy-dâd), رخداد (rox-dâd)
* agreeing, agreement, consent
* alliance, union, coalition
* (Dari, Indo-Persian) unity, oneness

#### Related terms

* اتفاق افتادن (ettefâq oftâdan)
* اتفاقاً (ettefâqan, “accidentally, coincidentally”)
* اتفاقی (ettefâqi)

### References

* ↑ “KĀBOLI”, in Encyclopaedia Iranica‎, volume XV, ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA FOUNDATION, 2013 February 12, pages 276-280

### Further reading

* Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “اتفاق”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 11
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “اتفاق”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “اتفاق”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* “اتفاق”, in قاموس کبیر افغانستان [qāmūs-i kabīr-i afğānistān, The Great Dictionary of Afghanistan] (in Persian), Afghan Dictionary, 2023

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq), from Arabic اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq). First attested in c. 1618 as Middle Hindi اتفاق (atfaq).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪt̪.t̪ɪ.fɑːq/, /ɪt̪.t̪e.fɑːq/
* Rhymes: -ɑːq

### Noun

اِتِّفاق • (ittifāq) m (formal plural اِتِّفاقات (ittifāqāt), Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़)
* agreement; concord
* coincidence
* gathering; meeting
* unity
* likeness

#### See also
### References

* ↑ “اتفاق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “اتفاق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اتفاق”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “اتفاق”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “اِتّفاق”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “اتفاق”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu اتفاق (ittifāq), from Classical Persian اتفاق (ittifāq), from Arabic اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq).

### Noun

اتفاق (itifāq)
* agreement, unity, union
* coincidence, chance, accident