# slim
## English
### Etymology

Borrowing from Low German or Dutch slim (“bad, sly, clever”), from Middle Dutch slim (“bad, crooked”), from Old Dutch *slimb, from Proto-West Germanic *slimb, from Proto-Germanic *slimbaz (“oblique, crooked”). The sense development would have been "slanting, cunning" (Dutch) > "insignificant, slight" and then "thin, graceful" in English, a shift that Liberman calls an "incredible amelioration" of word meaning.
The pejorative sense found in Low German and Dutch is also found preserved in the archaic English noun slim (“worthless or lazy person”), also comparable to the South African use of the adjective as "crafty, sly."
Compare Dutch slim (“smart, clever, crafty”), Middle High German slimp (“slanting, awry”), German schlimm (“bad”), West Frisian slim (“bad, dire”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /slɪm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪm

### Adjective

slim (comparative slimmer, superlative slimmest)
* Slender; thin.
** (of a person or a person's build) Slender in an attractive way.
    Movie stars are usually slim, attractive, and young.
** (by extension, of clothing) Designed to make the wearer appear slim.
** (of an object) Long and narrow.
** (of a workforce) Of a reduced size, with the intent of being more efficient.
* (of something abstract like a chance or margin) Very small, tiny.
    I'm afraid your chances are quite slim.
** 2011 January 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Man City 4 - 3 Wolves”, in BBC‎:Wolves' debatable third in the last 10 minutes, with the ball only crossing the line by the slimmest of margins if at all, ensured a cracking finale, although City would have been left aggrieved had they let the win slip.
* (rustic, Northern England, Scotland) Bad, of questionable quality; not strongly built, flimsy.
    A slimly-shod lad; a slimly-made cart.
* (South Africa, obsolete in UK) Sly, crafty.

#### Synonyms

* (slender in an attractive way.): lithe, svelte, willowy; see also Thesaurus:slender
* (clothing):
* (long and narrow): fine, stalky, sticklike, thin, virgate
* (reduced workforce):
* (tiny; of something abstract): infinitesimal, marginal; see also Thesaurus:tiny
* (of questionable quality): flimsy, lousy, shoddy; see also Thesaurus:low-quality
* (crafty): cunning, frood; see also Thesaurus:wily

#### Derived terms

* slim client
* slim-fit
* slim jim
* slim pickings
* slimsy
* slim-thick
* slimwood (Fouquieria splendens)

#### References

* The Dictionary of the Scots Language

### Noun

slim (plural slims)
* A type of cigarette substantially longer and thinner than normal cigarettes.
    I only smoke slims.
* (Ireland, regional) A potato farl.
* (East Africa, uncountable) AIDS, or the chronic wasting associated with its later stages.
** 2003, Charled F. Gilks, “HIV in the Developing World”, in David A. Warrell et al., editors, Oxford Textbook of Medicine‎, 4th edition, volume 1, →ISBN, page 446:As in the West, only about 50 per cent of patients with slim fully investigated will have a putative pathogen identified.
* (slang, uncountable) Cocaine.

#### Alternative forms

* (AIDS): Slim

### Verb

slim (third-person singular simple present slims, present participle slimming, simple past and past participle slimmed)
* (intransitive) To lose weight in order to achieve slimness.
* (transitive) To make slimmer; to reduce in size.

#### Derived terms

* slim down

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Liberman, A. (2009). Word Origins...And How We Know Them: Etymology for Everyone. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, USA, p. 200
* ↑ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Slim”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* misl, lims, MLIS, MILs, MSIL, SMIL, mils

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse slím (“slime”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sliːm/, [sliːˀm]

### Noun

slim c or n (singular definite slimen or slimet, uncountable)
* slime
* mucus

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch slim, slem, slimp, slemp, from Old Dutch *slimb, from Proto-West Germanic *slimb, from Proto-Germanic *slimbaz (“oblique, crooked”), compare German schlimm (“bad”), English slim. The semantic development in Dutch was “physically crooked” → “morally crooked” → “sly, artful” → “clever, intelligent”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /slɪm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: slim
* Rhymes: -ɪm

### Adjective

slim (comparative slimmer, superlative slimst)
* intelligent, bright
* clever, smart
* (now dialectal, Eastern Dutch) wrong, incorrect, bad

#### Synonyms

* intelligent
* scherpzinnig
* schrander
* sluw
* gewiekst
* listig

#### Derived terms

* slimheid
* slimmerd
* slimmerik
* slimmigheid
* slimpie

#### Descendants

* Berbice Creole Dutch: slem
* Negerhollands: slim, slem
* Skepi Creole Dutch: slam
* → Papiamentu: slim (dated)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse slím.

### Noun

slim n (definite singular slimet, uncountable)
* mucus, phlegm
* slime

#### Derived terms

* slimhinne

### References

* “slim” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “slim_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse slím.

### Noun

slim n (definite singular slimet, uncountable)
* mucus, phlegm
* slime

#### Derived terms

* slimhinne

### References

* “slim” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *slīmą, from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sliːm/

### Noun

slīm n or m
* slime

#### Declension

If Neuter: Strong a-stem:
If Masculine: Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* English: slime

## Romanian
### Noun

slim n (plural slimuri)
* Alternative form of slin

#### Declension
## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian *slimb, from Proto-West Germanic *slimb, from Proto-Germanic *slimbaz (“askew, sloping, wrong”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /slɪm/

### Adjective

slim
* bad
* dire
* difficult

#### Further reading

* “slim (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011