# 躍

| 躍 | U+8E8D, &#36493; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E8D |
| ← 躌 [U+8E8C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 躎 → [U+8E8E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

躍 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+14, 21 strokes, cangjie input 口一尸一土 (RMSMG), four-corner 6711$_4$, composition ⿰𧾷翟)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1235, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37955
* Dae Jaweon: page 1707, character 40
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3746, character 7
* Unihan data for U+8E8D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 躍 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 櫂 | *r'eːwɢs |
| 濯 | *r'eːwɢs, *r'eːwɢ |
| 耀 | *lewɢs |
| 曜 | *lewɢs |
| 燿 | *lewɢs |
| 糶 | *l̥ʰeːwɢs |
| 粜 | *l̥ʰeːwɢs |
| 嬥 | *l'eːw, *l'eːwʔ, *l'eːwɢs, *r'eːwɢ |
| 藋 | *l'eːwɢs |
| 躍 | *lewɢ |
| 戳 | *r'eːwɢ |
| 擢 | *r'eːwɢ |
| 蠗 | *r'eːwɢ |
| 鸐 | *r'eːwɢ |
| 翟 | *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ |
| 趯 | *l̥ʰeːwɢ |
| 籊 | *l̥ʰeːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ |
| 糴 | *l'eːwɢ |
| 䊮 | *l'eːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lewɢ): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuè, yào (yue$^4$, yao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ, ㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joek$^6$ / joek$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yok / chhiok
    (Hailu, HRS): rhog / ciog
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yog$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): iŏk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeh$^7$ / yeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): io̍k / ia̍k / chhio̍k / iāu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
*** Palladius: юэ (jue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yào
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yào
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^4$
*** Yale: yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joek$^6$ / joek$^3$
*** Yale: yeuhk / yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joek$^9$ / joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêg$^6$ / yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːk̚²/, /jœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok / chhiok
*** Hakka Romanization System: iog$^ˋ$ / qiog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^5$ / qiog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚²/, /t͡sʰi̯ok̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok / chhiok
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog$^ˋ$ / qiog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^5$ / qiog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚²/, /t͡sʰi̯ok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhog / ciog
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒok⁵/, /t͡sʰiok⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /iɔk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /yoʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: e̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /œʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
*** Tâi-lô: io̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iak
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iak̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iāu
*** Tâi-lô: iāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iau²²/
* io̍k/ia̍k - literary;
* chhio̍k - vernacular;
* iāu - common variant.
* Middle Chinese: yak
Rime :
| Character | 躍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以灼切 |
| Baxter | yak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joek$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lewɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 躍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yak › |
| Old Chinese | /*lewk/ |
| English | leap, jump |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 躍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2220 |
| Phonetic component | 翟 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 藥 |
| Old Chinese | /*lewɢ/ |

#### Definitions

躍
* to jump; to leap
* a surname, Yue

#### Compounds

* 一躍而起 / 一跃而起
* 兔躍 / 兔跃
* 喜躍 / 喜跃 (xǐyuè)
* 喜躍抃舞 / 喜跃抃舞
* 大躍進 / 大跃进 (Dàyuèjìn)
* 忭躍 / 忭跃
* 欣喜雀躍 / 欣喜雀跃 (xīnxǐ quèyuè)
* 欣躍 / 欣跃
* 歡忻踴躍 / 欢忻踊跃
* 歡欣踴躍 / 欢欣踊跃
* 歡躍 / 欢跃 (huānyuè)
* 活躍 / 活跃 (huóyuè)
* 翻躍 / 翻跃
* 舞刀躍馬 / 舞刀跃马
* 距躍 / 距跃
* 跳躍 / 跳跃 (tiàoyuè)
* 跳躍比賽 / 跳跃比赛
* 踊躍 (yǒngyuè)
* 踴躍 / 踊跃 (yǒngyuè)
* 躍動 / 跃动 (yuèdòng)
* 躍升 / 跃升 (yuèshēng)
* 躍居 / 跃居
* 躍然 / 跃然 (yuèrán)
* 躍然紙上 / 跃然纸上 (yuèránzhǐshàng)
* 躍變 / 跃变 (yuèbiàn)
* 躍起 / 跃起
* 躍躍 / 跃跃
* 躍躍欲試 / 跃跃欲试 (yuèyuèyùshì)
* 躍躍狂徒 / 跃跃狂徒
* 躍進 / 跃进 (yuèjìn)
* 躍馬 / 跃马 (yuèmǎ)
* 躍馬揚鞭 / 跃马扬鞭
* 躩躍 / 躩跃
* 雀躍 / 雀跃 (quèyuè)
* 飛躍 / 飞跃 (fēiyuè)
* 馬躍檀溪 / 马跃檀溪
* 騰躍 / 腾跃
* 魚躍鳶飛 / 鱼跃鸢飞
* 魚躍龍門 / 鱼跃龙门
* 鳧趨雀躍 / 凫趋雀跃
* 鳶飛魚躍 / 鸢飞鱼跃
* 龍躍天衢 / 龙跃天衢
* 龍躍鳳鳴 / 龙跃凤鸣 (lóngyuèfèngmíng)
* 龍騰虎躍 / 龙腾虎跃 (lóngténghǔyuè)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tì (ti$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tì
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tì
*** Wade–Giles: tʻi$^4$
*** Yale: tì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
*** Palladius: ти (ti)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi⁵¹/

#### Definitions

躍
* Only used in 躍躍／跃跃 (tìtì).

### References

* “躍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 躍 |
| Kyūjitai | 躍󠄁 躍+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 躍󠄃 躍+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to dance
* to leap; to skip

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 躍 (MC yak); compare Mandarin 躍 / 跃 (yuè):
* Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 躍 / 跃 (tì):
* Go-on: ちゃく (chaku)
* Kan-on: てき (teki)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: おどる (odoru, 躍る, Jōyō)、おどらす (odorasu, 躍らす)、おどらせる (odoraseru, 躍らせる)、おどり (odori, 躍り)

#### Compounds

* 一躍(いちやく) (ichiyaku)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2062 (paper), page 1083 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1182 (paper), page 604 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 躍 (MC yak). Recorded as Middle Korean 약〮 (yák) (Yale: yak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ja̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [약]

### Hanja

Wikisource 躍 (eumhun 뛸 약 (ttwil yak))
* hanja form of 약 (“leap”)

#### Compounds

* 도약 (跳躍, doyak)
* 맹활약 (猛活躍, maenghwaryak)
* 비약 (飛躍, biyak)
* 약동 (躍動, yakdong)
* 약진 (躍進, yakjin)
* 활약 (活躍, hwaryak)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

躍: Hán Việt readings: dược
躍: Nôm readings: dược, vược
* chữ Hán form of dược (“leap”).

#### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).