# beer
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English bere, from Old English bēor (“beer”) (Oxford OED notes: "rare, except in poetry"), from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”) (putatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm), meaning “brewer's yeast”.
However, also see the "beer" entry on EtymOnline (q.v.), which links a connection to monastic Vulgar Latin *biber (“a drink, beverage”), from Latin bibere (“to drink”). Samuel Johnson in his famous 18th-century A Dictionary of the English Language guessed it was from (unattested) Welsh *bîr; he distinguished it in his time from ale — the ancient usual word — by beer being older-aged and/or smaller.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bjoor, West Frisian bier, German Low German Beer, Dutch bier, German Bier, Icelandic bjór (“beer”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /bɪə/
** Audio (UK):(file)
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (US) IPA: /bɪɚ/, /bɪɹ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (New Zealand) IPA: /biə/
* (Scotland) IPA: /biɹ/
* (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /bɛː/
* Homophones: bier, bere, bare (cheer–chair merger), bear (cheer–chair merger)
* Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)

#### Noun

beer (countable and uncountable, plural beers)
* (uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:beer
    Beer is brewed all over the world.
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:“ […] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […] ”
* (uncountable) A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc.
* (uncountable) A solution produced by steeping plant materials in water or another fluid.
* (countable) A glass, bottle, or can of any of the above beverages.
    I bought a few beers from the shop for the party.
    Can I buy you a beer?
    I'd like two beers and a glass of white wine.
* (countable) A variety of the above beverages.
    Pilsner is one of the most commonly served beers in Europe.
    I haven't tried this beer before.

##### Derived terms

* barley beer
* beauty is in the eye of the beer holder
* beerage
* beeraholic
* beeramid
* beer and pretzels game
* beer and skittles
* beer baby
* beer bar
* beer baron
* beer bash
* beer-bellied
* beer belly
* beer bike
* beer blast
* beer bong
* beer bottle
* beer bread
* beer-bust
* beer-butt chicken
* beer can
* beer-can chicken
* beer cellar
* beer cheese
* beer coaster
* beer darts
* beer die
* beered-up
* beeregar
* beer engine
* beerfest
* beer flight
* beer frame
* beer fridge
* beerful
* beer garden
* beergarita
* Beergate
* beer glass
* beer-glass
* beer goggles
* beer gut
* beer-gut
* beer hall
* beer hand
* beer hat
* beerhead
* beer helmet
* beerhound
* beerhouse
* beerily
* beerish
* beer knot
* beer league
* beer leaguer
* beerless
* beer lever
* beerlike
* beer line
* beer-lore
* beer lore
* beermaker
* beermaking
* beer mat
* beer match
* beer mile
* beer money
* beermonger
* beer muscles
* beer mustard
* beer nut
* beer o'clock
* beerocracy
* beerocrat
* beer-off
* beer paddle
* beer parlor
* beer parlour
* beer pong
* beerpot
* beer pull
* beer run
* beershop
* beersicle
* beer snake
* beer soup
* beer stick
* beerstone
* beertail
* beertender
* beer tent
* beer ticket
* beertini
* beer up
* Beervana
* beerware
* beer wench
* beer wort
* beerwort
* beer-wort
* beery
* birch beer
* black beer
* bock beer
* buttered beer
* champagne taste on a beer billfold
* champagne taste on a beer budget
* champagne taste on a beer pocketbook
* champagne taste on a beer salary
* champagne taste on a beer wallet
* chowder beer
* coldbeer
* country beer
* craft beer
* cry in one's beer
* cry into one's beer
* ear beer
* egg in one's beer
* flight of beer
* free as in beer
* ginger beer
* gruitbeer
* guest beer
* have no fear of ice cold beer
* hold my beer
* ice beer
* kaffir beer
* keg beer
* lager-beer
* life is not all beer and skittles
* malt beer
* matai beer
* microbeer
* near beer
* needle beer
* nonbeer
* nose beer
* October beer
* root beer
* root beer float
* session beer
* silver beer
* skittles and beer
* sky beer
* small beer
* smoked beer
* spruce beer
* steam beer
* table beer
* weep in one's beer
* weep into one's beer
* weiss beer
* wheat beer
English terms starting with “beer”

##### Descendants

* Tok Pisin: bia
* → Alabama: biya
* → Bengali: বিয়ার (biẏar)
* → Burmese: ဘီယာ (bhiya)
* ⇒ Chinese: 啤酒 (píjiǔ)
* → Hausa: biya
* → Hawaiian: bia
* → Hindi: बियर (biyar)
* → Khmer: បៀរ (biə)
* → Maori: pia
* → Swahili: bia
* → Tagalog: bir
* → Telugu: బీరు (bīru)
* → Thai: เบียร์ (biia)
* → Yoruba: bíà
* → Zulu: ubhiya

##### Translations

Abkhaz: ауараш (awaraŝ)
Afrikaans: bier (af)
Akkadian: 𒁉 m (šikarum)
Albanian: birrë (sq)
Amharic: ቢራ m (bira)
Apache:
Western Apache: bíí, bíyah łitsogi
Arabic: بِيرَة f (bīra), جِعَة f (jiʕa), مِزْر m (mizr)
Egyptian Arabic: بيرة f (bīra)
Juba Arabic: meriisa, bira
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܦܙܐ m (pezzā)
Armenian: գարեջուր (hy) (gareǰur)
Assamese: মদ (mod)
Asturian: cerveza f
Avar: пиво (piwo)
Azerbaijani:
Abjad: آرپه صويی (ārpeh-sūyi /arpa suyu/)
Roman: pivə (az), arpa suyu (literally “barley water”)
Bashkir: һыра (hıra)
Basque: garagardo (eu)
Bats: ჲეგ (yeg)
Belarusian: пі́ва n (píva)
Belizean Creole: byaa
Bengali: বিয়ার (bn) (biẏar)
Bouyei: pifjiuj
Breton: bier (br) m
Bulgarian: би́ра (bg) f (bíra), пи́во (bg) n (pívo)
Burmese: ဗျစ် (my) (byac), ဘီယာ (my) (bhiya)
Catalan: cervesa (ca) f, birra (ca) f (dialect of Maó)
Chechen: йий (jii), пива (piva)
Cherokee: ᎤᏬᎩᎵ (uwogili)
Chichewa: mowa
Chinese:
Cantonese: 啤酒 (be$^1$ zau$^2$)
Dungan: пиҗю (piži͡u), пиво (pivo)
Eastern Min: 啤酒 (bì-ciū)
Hakka: 麥酒 / 麦酒 (ma̍k-chiú), 啤露 (pi-lú)
Hokkien: 麥仔酒 / 麦仔酒 (zh-min-nan) (be̍h-á-chiú, bē-á-chiú), 米仔酒 (bí-á-chiú), 啤酒 (zh-min-nan) (pî-chiú), bì-lù (Taiwan), bih-luh (Taiwan), bì-luh (zh-min-nan) (Taiwan)
Jin: 啤酒 (pi$^1$ jiou$^2$)
Mandarin: 啤酒 (zh) (píjiǔ), 麥酒 / 麦酒 (zh) (màijiǔ) (rare or regional)
Wu: 啤酒 ($^6$bi-cieu)
Chuvash: сӑра (săra)
Coptic: ϩⲛⲕⲉ (hnke), ϩⲉⲙⲕⲓ (hemki), ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲉⲣ (skorker)
Cornish: korev m
Corsican: biera (co) f, birra (co) f
Crimean Tatar: bira
Czech: pivo (cs) n
Danish: øl (da) c
Dutch: bier (nl) n
Egyptian: (ḥnqt m), (tnmw m)
Elfdalian: öl n
Esperanto: biero (eo)
Estonian: õlu (et), kesvamärjuke
Faroese: øl n, bjór (fo) n
Finnish: olut (fi), kalja (fi), sahti (fi), mallasjuoma (fi)
French: bière (fr) f
Middle French: biere f
Old French: biere f
Friulian: bire f
Gagauz: arpa suyu
Galician: cervexa (gl) f, birra (gl) f
Georgian: ლუდი (ka) (ludi)
German: Bier (de) n
Alemannic German: Bier n
Bavarian: bia
Greek: μπίρα (el) f (bíra), ζύθος (el) m (zýthos)
Ancient: ζῦθος m or n (zûthos), (made from barley) βρῦτος m (brûtos)
Greenlandic: immiaq, baaja
Haitian Creole: byè
Hausa: giyā̀ f
Hawaiian: pia, bia
Hebrew: בִּירָה (he) f (bíra)
Hindi: बियर (hi) m (biyar), यवसुरा (yavsurā), बीयर m (bīyar), शराब (hi) m (śarāb), मद्य (hi) m (madya), मदिरा (hi) f (madirā)
Hungarian: sör (hu)
Icelandic: bjór (is) m, öl (is) n
Ido: biro (io)
Indonesian: bir (id)
Ingush: йий (jii)
Interlingua: bira
Irish: beoir (ga) f, leann m
Middle Irish: beóir f
Old Irish: linn n, cuirm n
Italian: birra (it) f
Japanese: ビール (ja) (bīru), 麦酒 (ja) (ば​くしゅ, bakushu) (dated or rare)
Kabyle: tabyirt f
Kalmyk: буз (buz)
Kannada: ಬಿಯರ್ (kn) (biyar), ಸಾರಾಯಿ (kn) (sārāyi)
Kazakh: сыра (kk) (syra)
Khmer: ប៊ីយេរ (km) (biiyɛɛ), បៀរ (km) (biə), ប៊ីយែរ (biiyɛɛ), ឡាប់យេរ (km) (laabiiyɛɛ), ឡាប់យ៉េរ (lapyee), ឡាប៊ីយែរ (laabiiyɛɛ)
Komi-Zyrian: сур (sur)
Korean: 맥주(麥酒) (ko) (maekju), 비어 (ko) (bieo) (rare or in compounds), 삐보 (ppibo) (dated or rare)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بیرە (bîre)
Northern Kurdish: bîre (ku)
Kyrgyz: пиво (ky) (pivo), быйба (ky) (bıyba), сыра (ky) (sıra)
Ladino: bira f
Lao: ເບຍ (lo) (bīa)
Latgalian: ols
Latin: cervēsa f, zȳthum (la) n, birra f
Latvian: alus (lv) m
Lezgi: пиво (pivo)
Ligurian: bïra f
Lithuanian: alus (lt) m
Livonian: vȯl
Lombard: bira f
Low German: Beer (nds) n
Luxembourgish: Béier (lb) n
Macedonian: пиво (mk) n (pivo)
Malay: bir (ms)
Malayalam: ബിയർ (ml) (biyaṟ), യവമദ്യം (yavamadyaṁ), ബിയര് (biyarŭ)
Maltese: birra f
Manchu: ᡦᡳ ᠵᡳᠣ (pi jio)
Mansi:
Northern Mansi: са̄ра (sāra), сурыӈ тэ̄п (suryň tè̄p), сур (sur)
Manx: jough cheyl m, lhune
Maori: pia
Maranao: sirbisa
Mari:
Eastern Mari: пура (pura), сыра n (syra)
Western Mari: сыра (syra)
Mòcheno: piar n
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: шар айраг (šar ajrag) (officially preferred), пиво (pivo) (popular)
Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭ (sir-a ayirag), ᠫᠢᠸᠣ᠋ (piwo)
Nauruan: ekaburoro (na)
Navajo: bizhééʼ hólóní
Norman: biéthe f
Northern Altai: пиво (pivo)
Northern Sami: vuolla
Northern Thai: ᨷ᩠ᨿ, ᨷ᩠ᨿᩮ, ᨷ᩠ᨿᩮᩁ᩺, ᨷ᩠ᨿᩁ᩺
Norwegian:
Bokmål: øl (no) n
Nynorsk: øl n
Occitan: bièrra (oc) f, cervesa (oc) f
Odia: ବିଅର୍ (or) (biar), ବିଅର (biara)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: пиво n (pivo)
Glagolitic: ⱂⰻⰲⱁ n (pivo)
Old English: ealu n, bēor n (mostly poetic)
Old French: biere f
Old Norse: bjórr m, ǫl n
Old Prussian: alu
Oromo: biiraa
Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)
Pashto: بير (ps) m (bir)
Persian:
Dari: آبْجَوْ (ābjaw)
Iranian Persian: آبْجُوْ (âbjow)
Plautdietsch: Bea m
Polabian: paivü n
Polish: piwo (pl) n
Portuguese: cerveja (pt) f
Punjabi: ਬੀਅਰ (bīara)
Quechua: sirwisa
Romani: byárya f
Romanian: bere (ro) f
Romansch: biera f, gervosa f
Russian: пи́во (ru) n (pívo)
Sami:
Kildin Sami: пӣва (pīva)
Sanskrit: यवसुरा (sa) f (yavasurā)
Saterland Frisian: Bjoor n
Scottish Gaelic: leann m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: пи̑во n
Roman: pȋvo (sh) n
Sicilian: birra (scn) f
Sindhi: آبجو (âb-e jav)
Sinhalese: බීර (bīra), බියර (biyara)
Slovak: pivo (sk) n
Slovene: pivo (sl) n, ol m (archaic)
Somali: biire
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: piwo n
Upper Sorbian: piwo n
Sotho: jwala (st)
Southern Altai: пиво (pivo), сыра (sïra)
Spanish: cerveza (es) f, birra (es) f, birria (es) f, sersia f (Honduras)
Sranan Tongo: biri
Sudovian: pīvas m
Swahili: bia (sw), pombe (sw)
Swedish: öl (sv) n
Tagalog: serbesa (tl)
Tajik: оби ҷав (tg) (ob-i jav), пиво (tg) (pivo)
Tamil: தோப்பி (ta) (tōppi)
Tatar: сыра (tt) (sıra)
Telugu: బీరు (te) (bīru)
Tetum: serveja
Thai: เบียร์ (th) (biia)
Tibetan: སྦི་རག (sbi rag), ཆང (chang)
Tigrinya: ቢራ (bira)
Tok Pisin: bia
Tswana: bojalwa class 14
Turkish: bira (tr)
Turkmen: piwo
Udmurt: сур (sur)
Ukrainian: пи́во (uk) n (pývo)
Urdu: بِیئَر m (bīar), شَراب (ur) f (śarāb)
Uyghur: پىۋا (piwa)
Uzbek: pivo (uz)
Vietnamese: bia (vi)
Vilamovian: biyr
Volapük: bir (vo), (older term, obsolete) bil (vo), (barley) hodabir, (wheat) vuitabir
Võro: oluq
Walloon: bire (wa)
Welsh: cwrw m, tablen (cy) f
West Frisian: bier (fy)
Yakut: пиибэ (piibe)
Yiddish: ביר (yi) n (bir)
Yoruba: bíà
Yucatec Maya: cheba, kʼaaj jaʼ, seerbéesa
Zhuang: laeujbizciuj
Zulu: ubhiya (zu) class 1a/2a :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

beer (third-person singular simple present beers, present participle beering, simple past and past participle beered)
* (informal, transitive) To give beer to (someone).
** 1870, Sidney Daryl, His First Brief. A Comedietta in Clement Scott, Drawing-room Plays and Parlour Pantomimes, Robson and Sons, pages 303–304:
    No doubt he then can feed us, wine us, beer us, And cook us something that can warm and cheer us.
** 2010, Steve Brezenhoff, The Absolute Value of -1, Carolrhoda Lab, page 121:“Beer me!” said Goody. “Also your weed is shit. Where’s the good stuff, dude?”
** 2013, Janet E. Cameron, Cinnamon Toast and the End of the World, Hatchette Books Ireland, page 124:I heard Patty Marsh yelling, ‘Beer him, Eleanor!’
** 2013, R. D. Power, Forbidden, page 39:“Beer me!” To his astonishment she obeyed his command, appearing a minute later with a glass of beer and a wry smile.
* (informal, intransitive) To drink beer.
** 2008, Charles Foran, Join the Revolution, Comrade: Journeys and Essays, page 83:In Japan, students on a Friday night announce “Let's beer!”

### Etymology 2

From Middle English beere, equivalent to be +‎ -er.

#### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈbi.ɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbiː.ə/

#### Noun

beer (plural beers)
* (nonstandard) One who is or exists.
** 1990, Budge Wilson, “Be-ers and Doers”, in The leaving, and other stories:That meant, among other things, that he was going to be a fast-moving doer. And even when he was three or four, it wasn't hard for me to know that this wasn't going to be easy. Because Albert was a beer. Born that way.

##### Alternative forms

* be-er

##### Related terms

* afterbear
* forebear

### Further reading

* “Sumerian beer” from Language Log, 2022-04-04

### Anagrams

* Bree, Eber, Erbe, Reeb, bere, bree, eber, reeb

## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɪər/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Dutch beer, from Proto-Germanic *berô.

#### Noun

beer (plural bere, diminutive beertjie)
* bear

### Etymology 2

From Dutch beer, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

#### Noun

beer (plural bere)
* boar (male swine)

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beːr/, [bɪːr]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: beer
* Rhymes: -eːr

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bēre, from Old Dutch *bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.

#### Noun

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)
* a bear, any member of the family Ursidae
    De beer drinkt bier.The bear drinks beer.
* (figurative) a person who is physically impressive and/or crude
    Wat een beer van een vent daar voorin, he?What a bear of a guy there in front, huh?

##### Derived terms

* bere-
* beren op de weg zien
* berenbijt
* berenjacht
* berenklauw
* berenkuil
* berenleider
* berenmarkt
* berenmuts
* berentemmer
* berenval
* berin
* brombeer
* dansbeer
* gummybeer
* knuffelbeer
* teddybeer
* beermarter
* brilbeer
* bruine beer
* grizzlybeer
* holenbeer
* honingbeer
* ijsbeer
* kermodebeer
* kodiakbeer
* kraagbeer
* lippenbeer
* Maleise beer
* neusbeer
* pandabeer
* poolbeer
* wasbeer
* zwarte beer

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: beer
* → Papiamentu: ber, beer

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bêer, from Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

#### Noun

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)
* boar (male swine)
    De kinderboerderij heeft een aantal zeugen en maar één beer.The petting zoo has a number of sows and only one boar.
* buttress; protective external construction, notably against ice or supporting the weight of the main building
* a boar-shaped type of battering ram
* a male badger

##### Derived terms

* beervarken
* de beer is los
* steunbeer
* stinken als een beer

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: beer

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch [Term?], from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast”), related to Old English beorma, Albanian burmë.

#### Noun

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)
* (now dialectal) liquid, notably human manure (excrement gathered in a pit to fertilize)
    Wie doet er nu beer in zijn bier? Ik haat beer!Who in the world would put liquid manure in his beer? I hate manure!

##### Derived terms

* beerkar
* beerput
* beersteker
* beertobbe

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from German Bär. Cognate to etymology 1.

#### Noun

beer m (plural beren)
* (university slang) debt
    Synonym: schuld
    Door haar gokverslaving zat ze met een enorme beer opgescheept.Due to her gambling addiction she was saddled with an enormous debt.
* (university slang) creditor (one to whom one owes debt)
    Synonym: schuldeiser
    Henry zag niet zijn beren op de weg, maar wel bij hem op de stoep.Henry didn't see his creditors on the road, but he did see them on his doorstep.

### References

* M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

## Latin
### Verb

beer
* first-person singular present passive subjunctive of beō

## Limburgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beːʀ/
* Hyphenation: beer
* Rhymes: -eːʀ

### Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bêr, from Old Saxon bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.

#### Alternative forms

* Bier, bier (less common variant)
* bair (Eisden)
* Béër (Eupen)

#### Noun

beer n
* beer

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch bēro, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

#### Alternative forms

* Bier, bieër (some dialects, like Voeren)
* Béër (Eupen)

#### Noun

beer m
* boar (male swine)

##### Related terms

* zoog (“female swine”)

### Etymology 3

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri. Alternatively from Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch *beri. Both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-.

#### Alternative forms

* bier, bieër

#### Noun

beer f
* berry

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

### Noun

bêer m
* boar, male pig

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: beer
* West Flemish: beir

### Further reading

* “beer”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bere (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page bere

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* baer, baher, baier, baer, beier, beyer

### Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin badāre.

### Verb

beer
* (transitive) to open
* (intransitive) to open
* (chiefly) to pant; to breathe heavily
* (figuratively) to desire; to lust for

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

#### Derived terms

* beee

#### Descendants

* Middle French: beer
** French: bayer
* Norman: béguer
* Picard: beyer
* Walloon: bawî

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (beer)

## Somali
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Cushitic *baar-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *bur-. Cognates include Afar baaxo, Saho baarho, Arabic بَرّ (barr), Hebrew בַּר (bar), and Sabaean 𐩨𐩧 (br).

#### Noun

beer ?
* cultivated field, garden

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

beer ?
* liver

### References

* Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “beer”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga‎, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN, page 101