OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# اخراج
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic إِخْرَاج (ʔiḵrāj, “banishment; direction”).

### Noun

اخراج • (ihrâc) (definite accusative اخراجی (ihrâcı), plural اخراجات (ihrâcât))
* banishment, exile, expatriation, the forced expulsion from one's native land to another
* extraction, the process of extracting, any activity that withdraws resources from nature
* (economics) export, exportation, the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad
* expense, disbursement, expenditure, the act, instance, or process of disbursing funds

#### Derived terms

* اخراج ایتمك (ihrâc etmek, “to banish, exile; to disburse”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ihraç

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ihraç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2111
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ihrâc”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 499
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اخراج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 60
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Expensa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 515
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اخراج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 98
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ihraç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اخراج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 44

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic إِخْرَاج (ʔiḵrāj).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔix.ˈɾɑːd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪx.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪx.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʒ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪx.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʒ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔix.ɾɔ́ːd͡ʒ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔex.ɹɒ́ːd͡ʒ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔiχ.ɾɔ́d͡ʒ]

### Noun

اخراج • (exrâj)
* expulsion
* removal

#### Derived terms

* اخراج کردن (exrâj kardan)
* اخراج شدن (exrâj šodan)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic إِخْرَاج (ʔiḵrāj).

### Noun

اخراج • (ixrāj) m (Hindi spelling इख़राज)
* expulsion, efflux, relegation
* ousting
# შუქნიშანი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From შუქი (šuki) +‎ ნიშანი (nišani).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃukʰniʃani]
* Hyphenation: შუქ‧ნი‧შა‧ნი

### Noun

შუქნიშანი • (šuknišani) (plural შუქნიშნები)
* traffic light

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# caillteanas
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* caillteamas

### Etymology

From caillte +‎ -anas.

### Pronunciation

* (Aran) IPA: /ˈkalʲtʲəmˠəsˠ/ (corresponding to the form caillteamas)

### Noun

caillteanas m (genitive singular caillteanais)
* loss

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
caillteanas
vocative
a chaillteanais
genitive
caillteanais
dative
caillteanas
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an caillteanas
genitive
an chaillteanais
dative
leis an gcaillteanas don chaillteanas :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 279

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “caillteanas”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “caillteanas”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# bilet la ordin
## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* bilet de ordin

### Etymology

Calque of French billet à ordre.

### Noun

bilet la ordin n (plural bilete la ordin)
* (finance) promissory note

### Further reading

* bilet in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
# shadow daddies
## English
### Noun

shadow daddies
* plural of shadow daddy
# полногрудый
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəɫnɐˈɡrudɨj]

### Adjective

полногру́дый • (polnogrúdyj)
* full-breasted, full-busted
** 1899, Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Часть I. Глава I”, in Воскресение; English translation from William E. Smith, transl., The Awakening: The Resurrection, 1900:Мину́ты че́рез две из двери́ бо́дрым ша́гом вы́шла, бы́стро поверну́лась и ста́ла по́дле надзира́теля невысо́кая и о́чень полногру́дая молода́я же́нщина в се́ром хала́те, наде́том на бе́лую ко́фту и на бе́лую ю́бку.Minúty čérez dve iz dverí bódrym šágom výšla, býstro povernúlasʹ i stála pódle nadzirátelja nevysókaja i óčenʹ polnogrúdaja molodája žénščina v sérom xaláte, nadétom na béluju kóftu i na béluju júbku.Presently at the cell-door appeared a middle-sized, full-breasted young woman, dressed in a long, gray coat over a white waist and skirt.
** 1926, Владимир Набоков [Vladimir Nabokov], chapter II, in Машенька; English translation from Michael Glenny in collaboration with the author, transl., Mary, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970:Кла́ра, полногру́дая, вся в чёрном шелку́, о́чень ую́тная ба́рышня, зна́ла, что её подру́га быва́ет у Га́нина, и ей станови́лось тоскли́во и нело́вко, когда́ та расска́зывала ей о свое́й любви́.Klára, polnogrúdaja, vsja v čórnom šelkú, óčenʹ ujútnaja báryšnja, znála, što jejó podrúga byvájet u Gánina, i jej stanovílosʹ tosklívo i nelóvko, kogdá ta rasskázyvala jej o svojéj ljubví.Klara, a full-busted and very cosy young lady dressed in black silk, knew that her girl friend visited Ganin and she felt distressed and embarrassed whenever Lyudmila told her about her love affair.
# obszön
## German
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

obszön (strong nominative masculine singular obszöner, comparative obszöner, superlative am obszönsten)
* obscene

#### Related terms

* Obszönität

### Further reading

* “obszön” in Duden online
* “obszön” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# North Chungcheong
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Korean 충청북도(忠淸北道) (Chungcheongbukdo).

### Proper noun

North Chungcheong
* A province in central South Korea. Capital: Cheongju.
** 2023 May 11, Seoyun Kang, Ed Davies, “South Korea to cull cattle after outbreak of foot and mouth disease”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters‎, archived from the original on May 11, 2023, Asia Pacific‎:The cases mark the first confirmed outbreak since January 2019, according to media reports. The current contagion occurred in three farms in Cheongju in North Chungcheong province, south of the capital Seoul, the ministry said.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Leon E. Seltzer, editor (1952), “North Chungchong”, in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World‎, Morningside Heights, NY: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 1339, column 3: “Korean Chungchong-pukdo, Jap. [Japanese] Chusei-hokudo”
* North Chungcheong, North Chungchong at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
* Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “North Chungchong”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 2, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 2210, column 2
# შუღლი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Arabic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃuʁli]

### Noun

შუღლი • (šuɣli) (uncountable)
* enmity

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# χρηστοῖν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰrɛːs.tôi̯n/ → /xrisˈtyn/ → /xrisˈtin/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kʰrɛːs.tôi̯n/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kʰre̝sˈtyn/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /xrisˈtyn/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /xrisˈtyn/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /xrisˈtin/

### Adjective

χρηστοῖν • (khrēstoîn)
* masculine/neuter genitive/dative dual of χρηστός (khrēstós)
# Lopadea Veche
## Romanian
### Etymology

From Lopadea + vechi (“old”), from Hungarian Lapád.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Lopadea Veche f
* A village in Mirăslău, Alba County, Romania
# transhumance
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French transhumance, ultimately from Latin trāns (“across, beyond”) + humus (“ground”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɹænzˈhjuːməns/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

transhumance (countable and uncountable, plural transhumances)
* The seasonal movement of people, with their cattle or other grazing animals, to new pastures which may be quite distant.
** 2005 June 17, C. J. Moore, “Meanwhile: With a hop-hop-hop and a bottle of Swiss bubbly”, in New York Times‎, retrieved 20 August 2014:There are rites of spring in the mountains, and this week I followed the transhumance, the annual movement of cattle, from their lower valley winter quarters up to the higher pastures.

#### Translations
## French
### Etymology

From transhumer +‎ -ance.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁɑ̃.zy.mɑ̃s/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑ̃s

### Noun

transhumance f (plural transhumances)
* transhumance (seasonal movement of people and grazing animals)

#### Descendants

* → Italian: transumanza

### Further reading

* “transhumance”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# Zeitworte
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Zeitworte
* (rare, nonstandard) nominative/accusative/genitive plural of Zeitwort
** 1719, Nouveau Dictionaire du Voyageur, François-Alleman-Latin et Alleman-François-Latin, edition 6 (a Geneve), 258 (CON):
    Conjuger un Verbe, Die zeitworte nach ihren zeiten verwandeln. Verbum conjugare, inflectere.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1747, Siegmund Jacob Baumgarten, Samlung von Erleuterungsschriften und Zusätzen zur algemeinen Welthistorie, volume 1, Halle, page 317:Er beruhet diese Auslegung auf der sonst bekanten grammaticalischen Regel, nach welcher die Zeitworte, so den Anfang der Handlung bedeuten, […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1794, Johann Friedrich Meermann, Fundamentaltabellen der englischen Sprache, oder vollständige englische Sprachlehre, tabellarisch entworfen, Coburg, page 52:Die Zeitworte, die sich in y endigen, verwandeln in der zweyten und dritten Person des Präsens des Indicativs, […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1863, Karl Weinhold, Alemannische Grammatik (Grammatik Der Deutschen Mundarten; Erster Theil. Das Alemannische Gebiet)‎, Berlin: Ferd. Dümmler Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 230:Die Zeitworte bilden, wie früher schon gesagt ward, den Grund der Sprache nach Form und Bedeutung.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1963, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, Die Sprache Des Menschengeschlechts, page 73:So sind die Verben, die Zeitworte, die Ströme, an denen die von ihnen her sich ausbildenden Hauptworte wie Kristalle sich festhängen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1999, Paul Hoffmann with Stefan H. Brandenburger, Ulrike Brauner, and Thomas Hieke, Q 22:28, 30: You Will Judge the Twelve Tribes of Israel (Documenta Q: Reconstructions of Q Through Two Centuries of Gospel Research Excerpted, Sorted and Evaluated; volume 5), →ISBN, page 189:Zumal in beiden Fällen eine Partizipialform vorliegt, liegt es nahe, die Zeitworte als Varianten anzusehen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

The standard plural of Zeitwort is Zeitwörter. Zeitworte has never been common, and it has become less common as the German language has become more standardised.
# Seisen
## English
### Etymology

From Japanese 清川(せいせん) (seisen).

### Proper noun

Seisen
* (historical, in reference to Japanese Korea) Synonym of Chongchon: the Japanese-derived name
** 1921, “Asia”, in World Atlas of Commercial Geology‎, volume II, Washington, D. C.: United States Geological Survey, →OCLC, page 30, column 3:Chosen (Korea) is mountainous and has abundant rainfall and great power resources. An American gold-mining company has a plant of 800 horsepower on a branch of Seisen River and has recently installed a plant of 1,600 horsepower on Kuron River, in northern Chosen.
** 1945 August 11, “U. S. War Roundup”, in Army Navy Journal, volume LXXXII, number 51, Whole No. 3283, Washington, D. C., →OCLC, page 1505, column 4:Privateers of Fleet Air Wing One on 31 July blew up a span of a large railway bridge near the mouth of the Seisen River in Northwest Korea, damaged another railway bridge and two trains and strafed a cannery, grading machinery at an airfield, and small craft along the coast in this area.
** 1962, Robert H. Ivy, “Westward to the Far East”, in A Link with the Past‎, Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 17–18:At Chinnampo, the mining company’s steam launch, with an old American salt named Captain Barstow, was waiting to take us 75 miles farther north to Anju, the old town on the Seisen River, mentioned many times in the newspapers during the late war.

### References

* ↑ Leon E. Seltzer, editor (1952), “Chongchon River”, in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World‎, Morningside Heights, NY: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 404, column 2: “Jap. [Japanese] Seisen-ko”
# შხუნა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃχuna]

### Proper noun

შხუნა • (šxuna) (uncountable)
* schooner

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# végett
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Lexicalization of vég (“the end of something; destination”) +‎ -ett (locative suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈveːɡɛtː]
* Hyphenation: vé‧gett
* Rhymes: -ɛtː

### Postposition

végett
* for, in order to (with the purpose of doing something)
    Synonym: céljából

#### Derived terms

* végette
* avégett
* evégett

### See also

$^1$ This group of adverbs is often understood for humans when in an emphatic position. In an unstressed position, they may also imply objects, always depending on context. $^2$ Adverbs ending in -á/-é may coincide with postpositions.

### References

* ↑ végett in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
* ↑ végett in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ végett in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

### Further reading

* végett in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# Vama Veche
## Romanian
### Etymology

From vamă + vechi.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Vama Veche f
* A village in Limanu, Constanța County, Romania
# مسلمانی
## Persian
### Etymology

مسلمان (mosalmân, “Muslim”) +‎ ـی (-i, suffix forming abstract nouns).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.sal.mɑː.ˈniː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.säl.mɑː.níː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.säl.mɑː.níː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.säl.mɑː.níː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.säl.mɔː.ní]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.sæl.mɒː.níː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.säl.mɔ.ní]

### Noun

مسلمانی • (mosalmâni)
* Islam
    Synonym: اسلام (eslâm)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 115:من غم روزه خورم و مغبچه‌ها باده ناب سوختم آه درین شهر مسلمانی هستman ğam-i rōza xwaram u muğbačča-hā bāda-yi nāb sūxtam āh dar īn šahr musalmānī hastI suffer the sorrow of fasting, and the Magian children drink pure wine; I burn in anguish! Alas that there is Islam in this town!(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مسلمانی”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# teplotu
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈceplɔtu]

### Noun

teplotu
* accusative singular of teplota
# exportation
## English
### Etymology

From export +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

exportation (countable and uncountable, plural exportations)
* (business, economics) The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.
* (import/export) The commodity exported; an export.
* (obsolete) The act of carrying something away or out from a place.
* (logic) Either the logical law $((P\land Q)\to R)\Rightarrow (P\to (Q\to R))$, or the rule of replacement $((P\land Q)\to R)\Leftrightarrow (P\to (Q\to R))$.

#### Derived terms

* nonexportation
* reexportation

#### Translations
## French
### Etymology

From Latin exportātiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

exportation f (plural exportations)
* exportation, export

#### Related terms

* exporter

### Further reading

* “exportation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# ၜါ
## Mon
### Etymology

From Old Mon ၜါရ် (ɓaar), from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɓaːr. Cognate with Nyah Kur บาร, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Muong hal, Bahnar 'bar, Pacoh bar, Khasi ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Myanmar) IPA: /ba/
* (Thailand) IPA: /ba/, /baː/
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

ၜါ (ṗā)
* two

#### Derived terms

* ၜါစှ်

### References

* ↑ Jenny, Mathias (2001). A Short Introduction to the Mon Language.
* ↑ Peiros, Ilia (1998) Comparative Linguistics in Southeast Asia (Pacific Linguistics. Series C-142)‎, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, →ISBN, page 268
* ↑ Sujaritlak Deepadung (1996) “Mon at Nong Duu, Lamphun Province”, in Mon-Khmer Studies‎, volume 26, page 417 of 411–418
* ↑ Haswell, J. M. (1874) Grammatical Notes and Vocabulary of the Peguan Language‎, Rangoon: American Mission Press, page 128
# vacationgoer
## English
### Etymology

From vacation +‎ goer.

### Noun

vacationgoer (plural vacationgoers)
* (US) Someone who is on vacation.
** 2001 July 8, Jennifer Moses, “Don't Take Boswell to the Beach”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 2020-08-09:I should have known better, too. Indeed, I should have known -- after all, I am an experienced vacationgoer -- not to pack a book I knew I'd have to struggle through.
** 2012 October 31, David M. Halbfinger, “New Jersey reels from storm’s thrashing”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 1 November 2012:New Jersey was reeling on Wednesday from the impact of Hurricane Sandy, which has caused catastrophic flooding here in Hoboken and in other New York City suburbs, destroyed entire neighborhoods across the state and wiped out iconic boardwalks in shore towns that had enchanted generations of vacationgoers.

#### Synonyms

* holidaymaker
* vacationer
# ჩათლახი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Turkish çatlak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰatʰɫaχi]

### Adjective

ჩათლახი • (čatlaxi) (comparative უფრო ჩათლახი, superlative ყველაზე ჩათლახი)
* (Of a person, vulgar, derogatory) contemptible
    Synonyms: ახვარი (axvari), ნაბიჭვარი (nabič̣vari)
# percentual
## English
### Etymology

From per cent or percent +‎ -ual.

### Adjective

percentual (not comparable)
* Of, pertaining to, or expressed as a percentage
# Tăura Veche
## Romanian
### Etymology

From Tăura + veche (“old”), from tăuri, from tău (“lake”).

### Proper noun

Tăura Veche f
* A village in Tăura Veche, Sîngerei Raion, Moldova
* A commune of Sîngerei Raion, Moldova
# teplote
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈceplɔce]

### Noun

teplote
* dative/locative singular of teplota
# disbursement
## English
### Etymology

From disburse +‎ -ment.

### Noun

disbursement (countable and uncountable, plural disbursements)
* The act, instance, or process of disbursing.
* Money paid out or spent.

#### Derived terms

* redisbursement
# Saei
## English
### Etymology

From Japanese 左營(さえい) (saei).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: säʹā

### Proper noun

Saei
* (historical, in reference to Japanese Taiwan) Synonym of Zuoying: the Japanese-derived name
** 1947, United States Hydrographic Office, Hydropac Message Summary (Contains all Hydropacs in effect June 1, 1947)‎, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 14:There is a small naval port, 4 miles north of Takao, at (Saei) Toshien Harbor (entrance to harbor at lat. 22°41.8' N., long. 120°15.2' E.)
** 1991, Toru Nabeyama, Trends of the Petrochemical Industry and Its Marketplace in East Asia‎, →OCLC, page 27:The Construction of the fifth naphtha cracker by Chinese Petroleum Corp. was opposed by the residents of Saei district which includes a petrochemical industry district of Kaohsiung.
** 2018, World War II Sea War‎, volume 12, Bertke Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 221:28 FEBRUARY 1944 […] 1700 1825 IJN minesweeper W-18 departed Takao, Formosa, for Saei, Formosa. W-18 arrived at Saei.

### References

* ↑ Leon E. Seltzer, editor (1952), “Tsoying”, in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World‎, Morningside Heights, NY: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 1954, column 3: “Jap. [Japanese] Saei (säʹā)”
# ჩამიჩი
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Armenian չամիչ (čʻamičʻ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰamit͡ʃʰi]
* Hyphenation: ჩა‧მი‧ჩი

### Noun

ჩამიჩი • (čamiči) (plural ჩამიჩები)
* raisin
    Synonym: ქიშმიში (kišmiši)

#### Descendants

* → Bats: ჩამიჩ (čamič)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “չամիչ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 623a
# galvanography
## English
### Etymology

From galvano- +‎ -graphy.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi

### Noun

galvanography (uncountable)
* The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.
* A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.

#### Derived terms

* photogalvanography
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “galvanography”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# maltraitance
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mal.tʁɛ.tɑ̃s/ ~ /mal.tʁe.tɑ̃s/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

maltraitance f (plural maltraitances)
* maltreatment, ill-treatment
    Antonym: bientraitance
# bútól
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From bú (“sorrow”) +‎ -tól (“from”, case suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbuːtoːl]
* Hyphenation: bú‧tól

### Noun

bútól
* ablative singular of bú
# aleshores
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin ad illās hōrās (“at those hours”). Compare Occitan alara, French alors, Italian allora, Spanish alora.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ə.ləˈzɔ.ɾəs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [a.leˈzɔ.ɾes]

### Adverb

aleshores
* then, back then, in those times
    Synonym: llavors
    des d'aleshores ― since then
* so, then, in that case
    Synonyms: doncs, llavors

### Further reading

* “aleshores” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “aleshores”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “aleshores” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “aleshores” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# ჩამჩა
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish or Persian چمچه.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰamt͡ʃʰa]
* Hyphenation: ჩამ‧ჩა

### Noun

ჩამჩა • (čamča) (plural ჩამჩები)
* ladle

### References

* ჩამჩა on ganmarteba.ge