# a posteriori
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ā posteriōrī (“involving reasoning from effect to cause, from experience to theory”, literally “from what follows”). Popularized from the 19th century in reference to the work of Immanuel Kant.

### Pronunciation

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### Adjective

a posteriori (comparative more a posteriori, superlative most a posteriori)
* (logic) Involving induction of theories from facts.
    Synonym: inductive (broadly synonymous outside of philosophic arcanity)
    Antonyms: a priori; deductive
** 1988, R. S. Woolhouse, The empiricists, Oxford University Press:What Locke calls "knowledge" they have called "a priori knowledge"; what he calls "opinion" or "belief" they have called "a posteriori" or "empirical knowledge".
* (linguistics, of a constructed language) Developed on a basis of languages which already exist. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

#### Synonyms

* (involving induction of theories from facts): empirical

#### Antonyms

* a priori

#### Related terms

* a fortiori

#### Translations
### Adverb

a posteriori (comparative more a posteriori, superlative most a posteriori)
* (logic) In a manner that deduces theories from facts.
    Synonym: inductively (broadly synonymous outside of philosophic arcanity)
    Antonyms: a priori, deductively
** 1991, New Scientist:FALLACIES of the modern worldview have to do with the conception of the world as substance or machinery, mistaking abstractions for reality, confusing origins and truth, failing to attribute feeling to things that feel, recognising ethics as exclusively anthropocentric, thinking a posteriori, objectifying facts as separated from values, reducing the complex to the simple and dividing knowledge into distinct disciplines that produce experts who are often wrong.

#### Translations
### See also

* ex post

### References

* ↑ Donald J. Harlow, How to Build a Language

## Czech
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin ā posteriōrī (“from what follows; from what [ must ] follow”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaː pɔstɛrɪʲɔːrɪ/, /ˈʔapɔstɛrɪʲɔːrɪ/, /ʔaː pɔstɛrɪʲɔːriː/
* Audio (Czech Republic):(file)

### Adjective

a posteriori (indeclinable)
* a posteriori

### Adverb

a posteriori
* a posteriori
    Synonyms: dodatečně, zpětně, ex post
    Antonym: a priori

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian a posteriori.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a pɔs.te.ʁjɔ.ʁi/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

a posteriori (invariable)
* a posteriori
    Antonym: a priori

### Adverb

a posteriori
* a posteriori, in the aftermath
    Antonym: a priori

## German
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin ā posteriōrī (“from what follows; from what [ must ] follow”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a pɔsteˈʁi̯oːʁi/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

a posteriori (indeclinable)
* a posteriori
    Antonyms: a priori, ex ante

#### Synonyms

* (involving deduction of theories from facts): empirisch
* (involving a time frame): im Nachhinein

### Adverb

a posteriori
* a posteriori

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Medieval Latin ā posteriōrī (“from what follows”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a po.steˈrjɔ.ri/
* Hyphenation: a‧po‧ste‧riò‧ri

### Adjective

a posteriori (invariable)
* a posteriori
    Antonym: a priori

### Adverb

a posteriori
* a posteriori
    Antonym: a priori

#### Derived terms

* aposteriorità

### Anagrams

* espiratorio

## Latin
### Etymology

Literally, “from the following, from those things that follow, from those things that are later”. Introduced as a technical phrase by Scholastic philosophers, notably Albert of Saxony (14th century).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː pos.te.riˈoː.riː/, [ˈäː pɔs̠t̪ɛriˈoːriː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa pos.te.riˈo.ri/, [ˈäː post̪eriˈɔːri]

### Adverb

ā posteriōrī (not comparable)
* (Medieval Latin) In a manner involving reasoning from effect to cause.
* (New Latin) In a manner involving induction from experience, a posteriori.

#### Descendants

* → English: a posteriori
* → Norwegian Bokmål: a posteriori

#### See also

* ā priōrī

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin ā posteriōrī (“from what follows; from what [ must ] follow”), first part from Latin ā (“from, away from, out of”), alternative form of ab (“from, away from, out of, down from”) by apocope (not used before a vowel or h), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Last part from Latin posteriōrī, dative singular of posterior (“after, next”), comparative degree of posterus (“next, after”), from post (“behind, after”), from earlier poste, from Proto-Italic *posti, from Proto-Indo-European *pósti, from *pós (“afterwards; by, at”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.pɔstəriˈoːrɪ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oːrɪ
* Hyphenation: a‧pos‧te‧ri‧o‧ri

### Adverb

a posteriori
* (logic, philosophy) a posteriori, involving deduction of theories from facts.
** 2009 August 4, Adresseavisen, page 32:at 2+2 er 4 som er a priori viten og at vi har sanseerfaring som er a posteriori viten er ikke et bevis for at Jesus ikke eksistererthat 2 + 2 is 4 which is a priori knowledge and that we have sensory experience which is a posteriori knowledge is not a proof that Jesus does not exist
    viten a posteriori
       a posteriori knowledge; knowledge based on experience

#### Synonyms

* empirisk (“empirical”)

#### Antonyms

* a priori (“a priori”)

#### Related terms

* a fortiori (“a fortiori”)

### References

* “a posteriori” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “a_posteriori” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “a posteriori” in Store norske leksikon

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin ā posteriōrī.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a‿pɔs.tɛˈrjɔ.ri/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔri
* Syllabification: a‿pos‧te‧rio‧ri

### Adjective

a posteriori (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (literary, logic, philosophy) a posteriori
    Antonyms: a priori, aprioryczny, apriorystyczny

### Adverb

a posteriori (not comparable)
* (literary, logic, philosophy) a posteriori
    Antonyms: a priori, apriorycznie

#### Derived terms

* aposterioryczny
* aposterioryzm

#### Related terms

* aposteriorycznie

### Further reading

* a posteriori in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* a posteriori in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a posteˈɾjoɾi/ [a pos.t̪eˈɾjo.ɾi]
* Syllabification: a pos‧te‧rio‧ri

### Adverb

a posteriori
* at a later stage
* (logic, philosophy) a posteriori

### Further reading

* “a posteriori”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10