OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# geon
## English
### Etymology 1

Coined by J. A. Wheeler from gravitational electromagnetic entity.

#### Noun

geon (plural geons)
* (physics) A hypothetical electromagnetic or gravitational wave held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy.

##### Derived terms

* microgeon

### Etymology 2

From geometric +‎ -on.

#### Noun

geon (plural geons)
* (psychology) Any of a group of basic geometric forms capable of being recognised as a component of a real object.

##### Derived terms

* geonic

### Etymology 3

Blend of geological +‎ eon

#### Noun

geon (plural geons)
* A large unit of time, used to measure gradual geological change.

### Anagrams

* ENGO, Geno, Goen, NGEO, Onge, geno, geno-, gone, oneg

## Old English
### Etymology

From an unstressed form of Proto-West Germanic *jain, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz, whence also Old High German jenēr, Old Norse hinn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jon/, /je͜on/

### Adjective

ġeon
* that, yon

#### Descendants

* Middle English: yon, gion, ȝen, ȝene, ȝeon, ȝhone, ȝon, ȝone, ȝonne, ȝyn, yhon, yoene, yone
** English: yon
*** ⇒ English: thon (under the influence of this, that)
** Scots: yon, thon
# geophysicist
## English
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ physicist.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

geophysicist (plural geophysicists)
* A physicist who specializes in geophysics.
** 1982 January 3, Reuters, “YEVGENY FEDOROV, AGED 71; A MAJOR SOVIET GEOPHYSICIST”, in The New York Times‎:Yevgeny K. Fedorov, one of the Soviet Union's leading geophysicists, died Wednesday, Tass, the official press agency, reported today. He was 71 years old.
** 2023 December 14, Damian Carrington, quoting Michael E. Mann, “Failure of Cop28 on fossil fuel phase-out is ‘devastating’, say scientists”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:“The lack of an agreement to phase out fossil fuels was devastating,” said Prof Michael Mann, a climatologist and geophysicist at the University of Pennsylvania in the US.

#### Derived terms

* astrogeophysicist
# geostationary
## English
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ stationary.

### Adjective

geostationary (not comparable)
* At a fixed distance in three dimensions relative to a particular point on the Earth's surface; generally only possible with orbital satellites.
** 1971, Thomas A. Croft, Measurement of a Solar Wind Plasma Stream which Endures Several Months But is Intermittent on a Time Scale of about One Day‎:The measurement is accomplished by observing the Faraday rotation angle of signals from geostationary satellites on a continuous basis.

#### Derived terms

* nongeostationary

#### Related terms

* geosynchronous
* heliostationary
* heliosynchronous
# днесь
## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьnьsь (“today”), from *dьnь (“day”) + *sь (“this”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dnesʲ/

### Adverb

днесь • (dnesʹ) (днесь)
* today
    Synonym: днеська (dnesʹka)

## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic дьньсь (dĭnĭsĭ), from Proto-Slavic *dьnьsь (“today”), from *dьnь (“day”) + *sь (“this”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dʲnʲesʲ]

### Adverb

днесь • (dnesʹ)
* (obsolete) now, nowadays, today
    Synonyms: ны́не (nýne), ны́нче (nýnče), сего́дня (sevódnja), тепе́рь (tepérʹ)

#### Related terms

* подне́сь (podnésʹ)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “днесь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

### Anagrams

* снедь (snedʹ)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьnьsь, from *dьnь (“day”) + *sь (“this”). Reanalize as день (denʹ) +‎ -сь (-sʹ)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dnɛsʲ]

### Adverb

днесь • (dnesʹ)
* (obsolete or dialectal) today
    Synonym: сього́дні (sʹohódni)

### References

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “днесь”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
# geosyncline
## English
### Etymology

Back-formation from geosynclinal.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dʒiːəʊˈsɪŋklʌɪn/

### Noun

geosyncline (plural geosynclines)
* (geology) A large, linear depression in the Earth's crust in which sediment accumulates.
** 2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 173:Forty years ago the crumpled and complex Mobile Belt of Newfoundland would have been considered a typical result of a deformed geosyncline.

#### Derived terms

* autogeosyncline
* eugeosyncline
* geosynclinal
* miogeocline
* miogeosyncline
* orthogeosyncline
* parageosyncline
# platero
## Spanish
### Etymology

From plata +‎ -ero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plaˈteɾo/ [plaˈt̪e.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: pla‧te‧ro

### Noun

platero m (plural plateros)
* silversmith
* (Chile) band-tailed sierra finch (Porphyrospiza alaudina)

#### Derived terms

* platería

### Further reading

* “platero”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# geotectonic
## English
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ tectonic.

### Adjective

geotectonic (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to geotectonics.

#### Derived terms

* geotectonically

### Anagrams

* tocogenetic

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German geotektonisch.

### Adjective

geotectonic m or n (feminine singular geotectonică, masculine plural geotectonici, feminine and neuter plural geotectonice)
* geotectonic
# -ся
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From Old Belarusian сѧ (sja), from Old East Slavic сѧ (sę), from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

### Suffix

-ся • (-sja)
* Reflexive suffix appended to finite verbs and infinitives to make a reflexive, reciprocal, intransitive or passive verb.

#### Usage notes

* The suffix is typically assimilated with the ending -ць (infinitive or personal endings), e.g. смяя́цца (smjajácca, “to laugh”), смяе́цца (smjajécca, “(he, she, it) laughs”), смяю́цца (smjajúcca, “(they) laugh”)

#### Derived terms
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* -сь (-sʹ) (after vowels)

### Etymology

From Old East Slavic сѧ (sę), from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé. It is considered the shortened form of себя́ (sebjá). Compare Belarusian and Ukrainian -ся (-sja), Italian -si, Spanish -se.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲə]
* IPA: [sə] (after т or ть, see usage notes)
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-ся • (-sja)
* Reflexive suffix appended to finite verbs and infinitives to make a reflexive, reciprocal, intransitive or passive verb.

#### Usage notes

* After a vowel, -ся is usually contracted to -сь, except when attached to an adjectival participle:
** мы́ться (mýtʹsja, “to wash oneself”), мо́ется (mójetsja, “[he] washes himself”)
** мо́юсь (mójusʹ, “[I] wash myself”)
** мы́вшаяся (mývšajasja, “having been washing herself”).
* When affixed to an infinitive -ть (-tʹ) or the 3rd-person singular or plural -т (-t), it merges with the /tʲ/ or /t/ into the affricate /ts/ and palatalization is lost: [tsə].

#### Derived terms
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* -сь (-sʹ)

### Etymology

From Old East Slavic сѧ (sę), from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-ся • (-sja)
* Reflexive suffix appended to finite verbs and infinitives to make a reflexive, reciprocal, intransitive or passive verb.

#### Usage notes

-ся can be optionally contracted to -сь when used after a vowel.
# geotropism
## English
### Etymology

From geo- (“earth”) +‎ -tropism, due to growth towards or away from the earth.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /d͡ʒiˈɒt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/
* (US) IPA: /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/

### Noun

geotropism (countable and uncountable, plural geotropisms)
* (biology) The movement of a plant in response to gravity (either downwards or upwards).
    Synonym: gravitropism

#### Derived terms

* diageotropism

#### Translations
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French géotropisme.

### Noun

geotropism n (uncountable)
* geotropism
# disfasia
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diˈsfa.zja/
* Rhymes: -azja
* Hyphenation: di‧sfà‧sia

### Noun

disfasia f (plural disfasie)
* dysphasia

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /disˈfasja/ [d̪isˈfa.sja]
* Rhymes: -asja
* Syllabification: dis‧fa‧sia

### Noun

disfasia f (plural disfasias)
* dysphasia

### Further reading

* “disfasia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# kasha
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑʃə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑʃə
* Hyphenation: ka‧sha

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian ка́ша (káša, “porridge, gruel”) or Yiddish קאַשע (kashe). In Slavic languages, the term has the general meaning of groats or porridge of whatever source, but in Yiddish it became restricted to buckwheat.

#### Noun

kasha (countable and uncountable, plural kashas)
* A porridge made from boiled buckwheat groats, or sometimes from other cereal groats.
** 2000, Faye Levy, 1,000 Jewish Recipes, page 218:Some cooks add nuts as well, and I like the way their flavor complements that of the kasha and the browned onions.
** 2005, James Meek, The People's Act of Love, Canongate, published 2006, page 171:Kristina Pankofska, a Polish exile whom Anna Petrovna paid a gold rouble a month to clean and help, arrived with a pail of hot kasha and two new eggs.

##### Related terms

* kasha varnishkes

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

kasha (uncountable)
* A kind of dry curry from Bengal.
** 2019, Ruchira Banerjee, Some 14 Odd Years: Fragile Love or Intense Friendship, page 45:She made some authentic Bengali recipes like Sukto, Mochar Ghonto, Doi Bagun, Doi Catla Maach and Chicken Kasha.
** 2021, Arindam Sen, Money for Nothing, page 50:I love her chicken curry, chicken bharta, chicken kasha.

### Etymology 3

From Japanese 火車.

#### Noun

kasha (plural kasha)
* (folklore) A yokai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds.

### Anagrams

* Khasa, shaka, Sakha, hakas, Akash

## Japanese
### Romanization

kasha
* Rōmaji transcription of かしゃ

## Portuguese
### Noun

kasha m (uncountable)
* kasha (type of porridge eaten in central and eastern Europe)

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Portuguese caixa.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)
* Hyphenation: ka‧sha

### Noun

kasha class V (plural makasha class VI)
* storage chest

#### See also

* sanduku
# retssal
## Danish
### Etymology

From ret (“court”) +‎ -s- +‎ sal (“hall, room”). Calque of German Gerichtssaal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁad̥ˌsæˀl], [ˈʁɑd̥ˌsæˀl]

### Noun

retssal c (singular definite retssalen, plural indefinite retssale)
* courtroom

#### Declension
### References

* “retssal” in Den Danske Ordbog
# gerundive
## English
### Etymology

From Latin gerundīvus (“of a gerund”), from gerundium (“gerund”), from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dʒəˈɹʌndɪv/
* Audio (UK):(file)

### Noun

gerundive (plural gerundives)
* (in Latin grammar) a verbal adjective that describes obligation or necessity, equivalent in form to the future passive participle.
* (less commonly, in English grammar) a verbal adjective ending in -ing, also called a "present participle".

#### Usage notes

English grammar does not have an exact equivalent to the Latin gerundive. English verbal adjectives ending in -ing are similar, but the Latin gerundive implies a sense of necessity that is lacking from the English construct. For example, the word “agenda” (i.e. “things that ought to be done,” not just “things to be done”) conveys the sense of necessity from the Latin gerundive.

#### Derived terms

* gerundival

#### Related terms

* gerund
* gerundial

#### Translations
### Adjective

gerundive (not comparable)
* gerundial

#### Derived terms

* gerundively

### References

* ↑ the Australian Macquarie Dictionary (revised 3rd ed), second sense of Gerundive

### Further reading

* gerundive on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* un-grieved, ungrieved

## Latin
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ɡe.runˈdiː.u̯e/, [ɡɛrʊn̪ˈd̪iːu̯ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /d͡ʒe.runˈdi.ve/, [d͡ʒerun̪ˈd̪iːve]

### Noun

gerundīve
* vocative singular of gerundivus
# secede
## English
### Etymology

From Latin secedere, from se- (“apart”) + cēdō (“to go”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪˈsiːd/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːd

### Verb

secede (third-person singular simple present secedes, present participle seceding, simple past and past participle seceded)
* (intransitive) To split from or to withdraw from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.
** 2007 July 5, “Writers declare independence for Wirral”, in Wirral Globe‎, retrieved 11 July 2007:We can secede from the United Kingdom any time we want.
** 2024 July 20, Tabby Kinder, George Hammond, Hannah Murphy, Alex Rogers, quoting Shervin Pishevar, “Has Silicon Valley gone Maga?”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6:“The horror, the horror”, said venture capitalist Shervin Pishevar, an Uber investor who made a call for California to secede from the US.
* (transitive, uncommon) To split or to withdraw one or more constituent entities from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.
** 2002, Darryl E. Brock, “José Agustín Quintero: Cuban Patriot in Confederate Diplomatic Service”, in Cubans in the Confederacy: José Agustín Quintero, Ambrosio José Gonzales, and Loreta Janeta Velazquez, Ed. Phillip Thomas Tucker, publ. McFarland, →ISBN, page 103:At the same time, Nolan also secretly contracted with the crafty United States Army general James Wilkinson to organize some men to secede Texas from Spanish America.
** 2018, “The Latest: Europe arrest warrants for 6 Catalan separatists”, in ABC News‎, The Associated Press:A Spanish Supreme Court probe into last year's attempt to secede Catalonia from Spain wraps up Friday with the judge expected to charge 28 regional politicians and separatist leaders with offenses that may include rebellion.

#### Usage notes

* For political entities, the term secede does not apply only to federal states, but also to other kinds of political unions. It is commonly used in the case of provinces seceding from a unitary state.
* 'Secede' implies conflict, which may amount to physical conflict in the case of seceding from a political or religious entity, but which otherwise amounts to some form of disagreement at least by those who secede.
* 'Withdrawal from membership' in the definition does not apply to an individual person who simply terminates membership in an organisation, but to a group which withdraws from membership to carry on related activities in a separate entity.

#### Related terms

* seceder
* secession

#### Translations
## Latin
### Verb

sēcēde
* second-person singular present active imperative of sēcēdō
# tukuza
## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tukuza (infinitive kutukuza)
* to glorify, to laud

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tukuza :
| Positive present | -natukuza |
| Subjunctive | -tukuze |
| Negative | -tukuzi |
| Imperative singular | tukuza |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutukuza |
| Negative | kutotukuza |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tukuza |
| Plural | tukuzeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutukuza |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -litukuza |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutukuza |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatukuza |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatukuza |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -situkuze |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetukuza |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetukuza |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalitukuza |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalitukuza |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metukuza |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatukuza |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatukuza |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kitukuza |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotukuza |
| Consecutive | katukuza / positive subject concord + -katukuza |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -katukuze |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :
# gesticulate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin gesticulatus, past participle of gesticulari (“to gesticulate”), from gesticulus (“a mimic gesture”), diminutive of gestus (“gesture”), from gerere, gestum (“to bear, carry, perform”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dʒɛsˈtɪkjʊleɪt/, /dʒɛsˈtɪkjəleɪt/
* (US) IPA: /d͡ʒɛsˈtɪkjəleɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪkjʊleɪt

### Verb

gesticulate (third-person singular simple present gesticulates, present participle gesticulating, simple past and past participle gesticulated)
* (intransitive) To make gestures or motions, as in speaking.
** 1876 January, “A Week among the Maoris of Lake Taupo”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XXXIII, number 193, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 15 Waterloo Place, →OCLC, page 65:A "Haka" is the native dance, answering to the corroboree of the Australian aboriginals, and we were anxious to see it. […] Later in the evening, however, the complaisant Herekiekie entertained a small and select party at a "Haka" in his "whare" or house (pronounced wharry). It was exactly what I expected. The performers, all male, stood in a row, one, slightly advanced, acting as fugleman. They shouted and gesticulated with the most hideous and revolting gestures, grimaces, and yells.
** 1954, Kingsley Amis, chapter 12, in Lucky Jim:... groups of dancers were wheeling, plunging, and gesticulating while the ogre, more aphasic than before, mumbled at full strength ...
** 2005 January 30, Ariel Love, “Half empty”, in The Guardian‎:He's delusional, and obsessed with a girl named Claire, and he says such things as: "I know she loves me, she just doesn't know it yet." And he gesticulates wildly, as though he were a fop in the court of Louis XIV.
* (transitive) To say or express through gestures.
** 2004 December 6, Irish Times:[…] the TV programme Friends is influencing not only the way Irish people speak but also how they gesticulate. Now almost every utterance is accompanied by arms outstretched and palms turned upwards."

#### Derived terms

* gesticulatingly
* gesticulatory

#### Related terms

* gesticulation
* gesticulative
* gesture
* gestural
* emote

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

## Spanish
### Verb

gesticulate
* second-person singular voseo imperative of gesticular combined with te
# gestrinone
## English
### Noun

gestrinone (uncountable)
* A synthetic steroid hormone that acts as an antiprogestin and also has some androgenic activity.

#### Derived terms

* tetrahydrogestrinone
# 𒈽

| 𒈽 | U+1223D, &#74301; CUNEIFORM SIGN MUSH3 GUNU |
| ← 𒈼 [U+1223C] | Cuneiform | 𒈾 → [U+1223E] |

## Translingual
### Cuneiform sign

| 𒈽 | Sign Number |
| MZL | 152 |
| Deimel | 102 |
| HZL | — |
| Components ||
| 𒈹, 𒍦 ||

### References

* R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (MZL), Münster (2003)
* A. Deimel, Šumerisches Lexikon (Deimel), Rome (1947)
* Chr. Rüster, E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (HZL), Wiesbaden (1989)

## Akkadian
### Logogram

𒈽 • (SUḪ)
* Sumerogram of uššum

## Sumerian
### Etymology 1

* Alternative forms of /suku/
* 𒄑𒈽 ($^{g̃eš}$suku₅)

#### Noun

𒈽 • (suku₅ /suku/)
* pole (of a door)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

𒈽 • (suḫ)
* Alternative form of 𒈹 (suḫ₁₀ /⁠suḫ⁠/, “crown”)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

𒈽 • (suḫ)
* Alternative form of 𒆪 (suḫ₅ /⁠suḫ⁠/, “to extract”)

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

𒈽 • (muš₂ /muš/)
* Alternative form of 𒈹 (muš₃ /⁠muš⁠/) 'face' or 'flat space'

### References

* “𒈽 (suku)” in ePSD2
# Mikhailov
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian and Ukrainian Михайлов (Myxajlov).

### Proper noun

Mikhailov (plural Mikhailovs)
* A surname from Ukrainian, Russian.
* A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian surname Михайлов (Mixajlov).
    Boris Mikhailov, b. 1938

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Mikhailov is the 94730th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 193 individuals. Mikhailov is most common among White (97.41%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Mikhailov”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 588.
* Forebears
# buhusan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From buhos +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /buˈhusan/ [bʊˈhuː.sɐn̪] (verb)
*** Rhymes: -usan
** IPA: /buhuˈsan/ [bʊ.hʊˈsan̪] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: bu‧hu‧san

### Verb

buhusan (complete binuhusan, progressive binubuhusan, contemplative bubuhusan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜑᜓᜐᜈ᜔)
* to be poured liquid, especially water, on

#### Alternative forms

* busan — obsolete

### Noun

buhusán (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜑᜓᜐᜈ᜔)
* simultaneous pouring of water on each other
    Maraming mga namamasahe ay nahuli sa buhusan ng tubig sa kapistahan sa San Juan.Many commuters were caught in the pouring of water for the festival celebrations in San Juan.