# 羆

| 羆 | U+7F86, &#32646; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F86 |
| ← 羅 [U+7F85] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 羇 → [U+7F87] |

## Translingual
### Han character

羆 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 田中戈心火 (WLIPF), four-corner 6033$_1$, composition ⿱罒熊)

#### Derived characters

* 𤜑, 𧟍, 𨰟, 𧄾, 𥷾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 950, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28398
* Dae Jaweon: page 1392, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2928, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7F86

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 羆
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 擺 | *preːlʔ |
| 犤 | *breːl, *pral, *bral |
| 罷 | *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ |
| 矲 | *breːlʔ |
| 羆 | *pral |
| 襬 | *pral, *pʰrals |
| 藣 | *pral, *prals |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pral): phonetic 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ) + semantic 熊 (“bear”); the common part 能 is shared.

### Etymology

Observing that the young of some brown bear subspecies sport white stripes, which fade with age, around their chests, Zhang (2019) proposes that 羆 (OC *praj) is cognate to 斑 (OC *prân) "stripe, striped", both being from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pral. As 斑 (OC *prân) is possibly the same word as 班 (OC *prân) (Schuessler, 2007), see 班 (OC *prân) for more etymology.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pí (pi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): pì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pi$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pí
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pí
*** Wade–Giles: pʻi$^2$
*** Yale: pí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
*** Palladius: пи (pi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^1$
*** Yale: bēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: pì
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pi$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pí
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
*** Tâi-lô: phî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pi$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phî
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: pje
Rime :
| Character | 羆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 彼爲切 |
| Baxter | pje |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pjiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /pje/ |
| Wang Li | /pǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*praj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pral/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 羆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pje › |
| Old Chinese | /*praj/ |
| English | brown-and-white bear |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 羆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 171 |
| Phonetic component | 罷 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陂 |
| Old Chinese | /*pral/ |

### Definitions

羆
* (archaic) brown bear
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jí mèng wéi hé, Wéi xióng wéi pí, Wéi huǐ wéi shé. [Pinyin]
    What dreams are lucky? They have been about black bears and brown bears, They have been about asps and adders.

#### Synonyms

* 馬熊／马熊 (mǎxióng)
* 人熊 (rénxióng)
* 棕熊 (zōngxióng)

#### Compounds

* 夢兆熊羆 / 梦兆熊罴
* 夢羆 / 梦罴
* 熊羆 / 熊罴
* 熊羆之士 / 熊罴之士
* 熊羆之祥 / 熊罴之祥
* 熊羆入夢 / 熊罴入梦
* 羆丸 / 罴丸
* 老羆當道 / 老罴当道
* 非熊非羆 / 非熊非罴
* 非羆 / 非罴

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* brown bear

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひ (hi)
* Kan-on: ひ (hi)
* Kun: ひぐま (higuma, 羆)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 羆
* ひぐま Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 緋熊 樋熊
緋 (hi, “scarlet”) +‎ 熊 (kuma, “bear”)(Can this etymology be sourced?)
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “First recorded in the Shinsen Jikyō and Wamyō Ruijushō as shiguma, possibly from splitting the character 羆 vertically into 四(し) (shi, “four”) + 熊(くま) (kuma, “bear”). The syllable shi later shifted to hi, with the latter being standardised since the Taishō era.”

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひぐま [hìgúmá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ひぐま [híꜜgùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çiɡɯ̟ma̠]

### Noun

羆(ひぐま) or 羆(ヒグマ) • (higuma)
* a brown bear
    三毛別(さんけべつ)羆(ひぐま)事件(じけん)
       Sankebetsu higuma jiken
       Sankebetsu brown bear incident

## Korean
### Hanja

羆 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
* (말곰 비, malgom-): brown bear, horse bear

#### Synonyms

* 熊 (웅, ung) bear

## Vietnamese
### Han character

羆: Hán Nôm readings: bi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.