# 襲

| 襲 | U+8972, &#35186; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8972 |
| ← 襱 [U+8971] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 襳 → [U+8973] |

## Translingual
### Han character

襲 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+16, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜心卜竹女 (YPYHV), four-corner 0173$_2$, composition ⿱龍衣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1127, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34717
* Dae Jaweon: page 1594, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3121, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8972

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 襲
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 龖 | *l'ɯːb |
| 襲 | *ljɯb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljɯb): phonetic 龖 (OC *l'ɯːb) + semantic 衣 (“cloth”).
The bronze inscription and Shuowen zhouwen forms were in the form of 𧟟. The Shuowen small seal script form and subsquent forms are in the form of 襲, as the phonetic component 龖 has been reduced to 龍.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xí (xi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaap$^6$ / zap$^6$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): xib$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p / si̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sib$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sí
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^2$
*** Yale: syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaap$^6$ / zap$^6$
*** Yale: jaahp / jahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap$^9$ / dzap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zab$^6$ / zeb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːp̚²/, /t͡sɐp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sip̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /siʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p
*** Tâi-lô: si̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sip
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sip̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
*** Tâi-lô: si̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sit
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sib$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍p
*** Sinological IPA : /sip̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: zip
Rime :
| Character | 襲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似入切 |
| Baxter | zip |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ziəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zap$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə-l[ə]p/, /*sə.l[ə]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljɯb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 襲 | 襲 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xí | xí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zip › | ‹ zip › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə-l[ə]p/ | /*sə.l[ə]p/ |
| English | repeat; additional robe | surprise attack |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 襲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1932 |
| Phonetic component | 龖 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 習 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljɯb/ |

#### Definitions

襲
* to attack; to raid
* to follow the pattern; to carry on as before
* to lap over; to superpose
* to inherit
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
    Wú guìjiàn, shī xí qí guāncháng zhī guānjuétiánlù. [Pinyin]
    In neither high nor low offices should here be an automatic hereditary succession to the office, rank, lands or emoluments of officials.
* Classifier for a suit or set of clothes.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 世襲 / 世袭 (shìxí)
* 什襲 / 什袭
* 什襲珍藏 / 什袭珍藏
* 來襲 / 来袭 (láixí)
* 侵襲 / 侵袭 (qīnxí)
* 偷襲 / 偷袭 (tōuxí)
* 剽襲 / 剽袭
* 勞師襲遠 / 劳师袭远
* 勦襲 / 剿袭
* 吹襲 / 吹袭 (chuīxí)
* 因襲 / 因袭 (yīnxí)
* 夜襲 / 夜袭 (yèxí)
* 奇襲 / 奇袭 (qíxí)
* 寒氣襲人 / 寒气袭人
* 封襲 / 封袭
* 廕襲 / 荫袭
* 抄襲 / 抄袭 (chāoxí)
* 承襲 / 承袭 (chéngxí)
* 掩襲 / 掩袭 (yǎnxí)
* 東抄西襲 / 东抄西袭
* 河川襲奪 / 河川袭夺
* 沿襲 / 沿袭 (yánxí)
* 異香襲人 / 异香袭人
* 相襲 / 相袭
* 空襲 / 空袭 (kōngxí)
* 空襲警報 / 空袭警报
* 突然襲擊 / 突然袭击 (tūránxíjī)
* 突襲 / 突袭 (tūxí)
* 葺襲 / 葺袭
* 蔭襲 / 荫袭
* 襲人 / 袭人
* 襲人故智 / 袭人故智
* 襲以成俗 / 袭以成俗
* 襲位 / 袭位
* 襲取 / 袭取 (xíqǔ)
* 襲吉 / 袭吉
* 襲奪 / 袭夺
* 襲奪河 / 袭夺河
* 襲封 / 袭封
* 襲捲 / 袭卷
* 襲擊 / 袭击 (xíjī)
* 襲步 / 袭步
* 襲用 / 袭用 (xíyòng)
* 襲跡 / 袭迹
* 襲逆 / 袭逆
* 襲逮 / 袭逮
* 襲雜 / 袭杂
* 蹈常襲故 / 蹈常袭故 (dǎochángxígù)
* 蹈襲 / 蹈袭 (dǎoxí)
* 蹈襲故常 / 蹈袭故常 (dǎoxígùcháng)
* 進襲 / 进袭
* 重規襲矩 / 重规袭矩
* 雜襲 / 杂袭

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): su
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
*** Tâi-lô: su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

襲
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軀 / 躯 (su, “Classifier for sets of clothing”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* attack
* advance on
* succeed to
* seize

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
* Kun: おそう (osou, 襲う, Jōyō)、かさねる (kasaneru, 襲ねる)、かさね (kasane, 襲)、つぐ (tsugu, 襲ぐ)

#### Compounds

* 襲(しゅう)撃(げき) (shūgeki)
* 襲(しゅう)名(めい) (shūmei)
* 襲(しゅう)用(よう) (shūyō)
* 襲(しゅう)来(らい) (shūrai)
* 熊(くま)襲(そ) (Kumaso)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 襲
* かさね Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 襲 – see the following entry. :
| 【かさね】 | [noun] 襲: layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat [noun] 襲: combination of colors created by layering of garments |
(This term, 襲, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

襲 (eumhun 엄습할 습 (eomseuphal seup))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 襲擊 (습격, seupgyeok)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

襲: Hán Nôm readings: tập
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.