# 孱

| 孱 | U+5B71, &#23409; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B71 |
| ← 孰 [U+5B70] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孲 → [U+5B72] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孱 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸弓木木 (SNDD), four-corner 7724$_7$, composition ⿸尸孨)

#### Derived characters

* 僝, 潺, 樼, 㻵, 轏(𰺞), 驏(骣)
* 𠘈, 𱔯, 𪩖, 𢢁, 𢵔, 𦠳, 𥢨, 𨬖(𫔏), 𩻣, 𠟉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 280, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7000
* Dae Jaweon: page 549, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1017, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5B71

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孱 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 孨 | *nɯb, *skʷrens, *kʷjenʔ |
| 孱 | *sɡreːn, *sɡreːnʔ, *sɡren |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chán (chan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chán
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$
*** Yale: chán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^4$
*** Yale: sàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzrean, dzrjen
Rime :
| Character | 孱 | 孱 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 士山切 | 士連切 |
| Baxter | dzrean | dzrjen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠɛn/ | /d͡ʒˠiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæn/ | /ɖ͡ʐᵚiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒæn/ | /d͡ʒiæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐəɨn/ | /ɖ͡ʐian/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒɛn/ | /d͡ʒjɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒæn/ | /d͡ʒĭɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱăn/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chán | chán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caan$^4$ | cin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]r[a][n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɡreːn/, /*sɡren/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzrɛn › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]r[a][n]/ |
| English | timid |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孱 | 孱 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1203 | 17702 |
| Phonetic component | 孱 | 孨 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 虥 | 潺 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɡreːn/ | /*sɡren/ |
| Notes | 孨旨兗切 | |

#### Definitions

孱
* (literary) weak; small; frail; feeble
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) meager; mean; shallow
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cautious

#### Compounds

* 孱困
* 孱夫
* 孱弱 (chánruò)
* 孱王
* 孱瑣 / 孱琐
* 孱羸
* 孱軀 / 孱躯

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): càn (can$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caan$^3$ / zaan$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: càn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: càn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^4$
*** Yale: tsàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsann
*** Palladius: цань (canʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caan$^3$ / zaan$^6$
*** Yale: chaan / jaahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan$^3$ / dzaan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: can$^3$ / zan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːn³³/, /t͡saːn²²/

#### Definitions

孱
* Only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”).

#### Compounds

* 孱頭 / 孱头 (càntou)
* 孱頭貨 / 孱头货

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiān (jian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

孱
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$
*** Yale: jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzreanX
Rime :
| Character | 孱 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 士限切 |
| Baxter | dzreanX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠɛn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐəɨn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒæn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱăn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɡreːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孱 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 1207 |
| Phonetic component | 孱 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 棧 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɡreːnʔ/ |

#### Definitions

孱
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “孱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: さん (san)、せん (sen)
* Kun: よわい (yowai, 孱い)

## Korean
### Hanja

孱 (eum 잔 (jan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孱: Hán Nôm readings: sàn, sờn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation