# sto
## English
### Noun

sto
* (slang) Pronunciation spelling of store.

### Anagrams

* OTs, ToS, TOs, ost, Tso, OTS, sot, SOT, ots, TOS, OST, TSO

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech sto, from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsto]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sto n
* hundred (100)

#### See also

* dvě stě, tři sta, čtyři sta, pět set, šest set, sedm set, osm set, devět set

### Further reading

* “sto”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sto”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sto”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian что (što).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsto/, [ˈs̠to̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsto/, [ˈʃto̞]
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: sto

### Conjunction

sto
* (+ indicative) that

#### Synonyms

* jot, jet, etti

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 545
* Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 75

## Istro-Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian stȏ.

### Numeral

sto
* hundred

### References

* Loporcaro, Michele & Gardani, Francesco & Giudici, Alberto. 2021. “Contact-induced complexification in the gender system of Istro-Romanian”. Journal of Language Contact. 14: 72–126.

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* stò (misspelling)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔ‿|| ˈstɔ/

### Phrase

sto
* (colloquial) Ellipsis of sto bene (“I'm fine”).

### Verb

sto
* first-person singular present indicative of stare

### See also

* 'sto
* sta
* stai
* stanno
* stiamo

### References

* sto in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: sto

### Numeral

sto
* hundred

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “sto”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 203
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “sto”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “sto”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈstoː/, [ˈs̠t̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsto/, [ˈst̪ɔː]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *staēō, from earlier *staējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-.
Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istâ, “standing; stopping”), Old Norse standa, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), Old English standan (whence English stand).
By its appearance through Latin sound laws, this stative verb, against all others of this class in the 2nd conjugation, belongs to the 1st conjugation. The perfect and supine stems are shared with sistō, the corresponding athematic verb from the same Indo-European root.

#### Verb

stō (present infinitive stāre, perfect active stetī, supine statum); first conjugation, impersonal in the passive
* to stand
    Synonym: astō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.56:“Troiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.”“And Troy, you would be standing now, and high citadel of Priam, you would remain!” – Aeneas
* to stay, remain
    Synonyms: cōnstō, sistō, cōnsistō, remaneō, maneō, haereō
* to cost, to be set at, stand at (e.g., a price)
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.885–886:‘stat mihi nōn parvō virtūs mea: volnera testor armaque, quae sparsī sanguine saepe meō.’“My bravery costs me no small [price]: I call to witness my scars and weapons, which I have often splattered with my own blood.” (Mezentius replies to a request to fight for Turnus.)
* (Medieval Latin) to be
    Synonyms: adsum, subsum, astō, exstō
    Antonym: desum
* (Medieval Latin) to be [located at]
* (Medieval Latin) to live

##### Conjugation

Passive forms exist only in the third-person singular.
* Stetērai is an early form of stetēre (= stetērunt).

##### Derived terms

* adsto
* antestō
* antistō
* astō
* circumstō
* cōnstō
* contrāstō
* distō
* exstō
* īnstō
* interstō
* obstō
* perstō
* praestō
* restō
* stabilis
* stabulum
* stāmen
* stāticum
* statim
* statiō
* stator
* statūra
* status
* superstō

##### Related terms

* sistō
* statuō

##### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: iltare, istare, istai, stai
* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: stau, stari
** Istro-Romanian: stå
** Megleno-Romanian: stau
** Romanian: sta, stare
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: stà
** Dalmatian: stur
** Istriot: stà
** Italian: stare
*** Sabir: star
*** → Esperanto: stari
** Neapolitan: stà
** Sicilian: stari
** Venetan: star
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: stâ
** Ladin: sté, stà
** Romansch: star, ster
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: sté
** Ligurian: stâ
** Lombard: stà, stá
** Piedmontese: ësté, ëstar
** Romagnol: stèr, stér, stær
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: estar
** Franco-Provençal: étar
** Occitan: estar
** Old French: ester
*** Middle French: ester
**** French: être (partially), ester
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: estar
** Asturian: tar
** Mozarabic: אשתאד (ʔštʔd)
** Old Galician-Portuguese: estar
*** Galician: estar
*** Portuguese: estar
** Spanish: estar, tar (Latin America, nonstandard)
*** → Bikol Central: istar
*** → Hiligaynon: istar
* Borrowings:
** ⇒ English: stare decisis

#### References

* “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* sto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.) to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re to abide by one's undertaking: promisso stare a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet) to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273) the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30) to ride at anchor: in ancoris esse, stare, consistere (ambiguous) my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: meliorem in statum redigor (ambiguous) to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere (ambiguous) a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice: sacrificium statum (solemne) (Tusc. 1. 47. 113) (ambiguous) to restore the ancient constitution: rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere (ambiguous) to endanger the existence of the state: statum rei publicae convellere

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *(s)ta(je)-tōd (“must steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂-, see also Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyú, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)).
Failed to survive for its homonymy with the ordinary verb for “stand" (see Etymology 1 above).

#### Verb

stō (singular future active imperative statōd); first conjugation
* (Old Latin) to steal
** 7th–5th century BC, Duenos inscription:
    𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌅𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌍𐌄𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌃DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD duenos mēd fēced en mānōm (m)einom duenōi nē mēd malo(s) statōdA good man made me (in good intention?) for a good man; may I not be stolen by an evil man.

#### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “(s)ta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 584
* ↑ H. Rix, "Das letzte Wort der Duenos-Inschrift", MSS, 46, 1985, pp. 193 ff.; H. Eichner, "Reklameniamben aus Roms Königszeit", Die Sprache, 34, 1988-90, p. 216.

## Ligurian
### Etymology

From Latin iste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stu/

### Adjective

sto (feminine singular sta, masculine plural sti, feminine plural ste)
* this
* (in the plural) these

#### Synonyms

* quésto

### See also

* quéllo

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

### Numeral

sto
* hundred (100)

#### Synonyms

* hundert

#### Derived terms

* stotka

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* stod

### Verb

sto
* simple past of stå

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stuː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse stóð. Related to stå.

#### Noun

sto f (definite singular stoa, indefinite plural stoer, definite plural stoene)
* A resting place for critters.

#### Noun

sto n (definite singular stoet, indefinite plural sto, definite plural stoa)
* A herd of mares and one or more stallions.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

sto
* (non-standard since 2012) past of stå

### References

* “sto” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “sto”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

### Anagrams

* ost, sot, tos

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈsto/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈsto/

### Numeral

sto
* hundred

#### Descendants

* Czech: sto

### References

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “sto”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto. First attested in the 13th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /stɔ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /stɔ/

### Numeral

sto
* hundred

### Noun

sto n
* type of payment

#### Descendants

* Polish: sto
* Silesian: sto

### References

* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “sto”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “sto”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Piedmontese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stu/

### Adjective

sto
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sto. Doublet of cent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈstɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: sto

### Numeral

sto
* hundred
* a lot

#### Declension

| | plural | plural |
| | virile | other |
| nominative | stu | sto |
| genitive | stu | stu |
| dative | stu | stu |
| accusative | stu | sto |
| instrumental | stu/stoma | stu/stoma |
| locative | stu | stu |
| vocative | stu | sto |

#### Derived terms

* na sto dwa
* na sto procent
* tysiąc pięćset sto dziewięćset
* sto lat
* jak sto diabłów
* być sto lat za Murzynami impf
* mieć sto pociech impf

#### Related terms

* dwieście (“two hundred”)
* trzysta (“three hundred”)
* czterysta (“four hundred”)
* pięćset (“five hundred”)
* sześćset (“six hundred”)
* siedemset (“seven hundred”)
* osiemset (“eight hundred”)
* dziewięćset (“nine hundred”)

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sto is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 50 times in scientific texts, 164 times in news, 67 times in essays, 18 times in fiction, and 31 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 330 times, making it the 154th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “sto”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 561

### Further reading

* sto in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sto in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “sto”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “STO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 April 2
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “sto”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “sto”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “sto”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 423

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stôː/
* Audio (Central Serbia):(file)

#### Numeral

stȏ (Cyrillic spelling сто̑)
* hundred

##### Derived terms

* dvjesto (“two hundred”), dvjesta
* petsto m (“five hundred”), pet stotina f

##### Descendants

* → Istro-Romanian: sto

#### Further reading

* “sto”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stolъ.
Doublet of àstāl, from the same ultimate source only borrowed through Hungarian.

#### Alternative forms

* stȏl (Croatia)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stôː/

#### Noun

stȏ m (Cyrillic spelling сто̑)
* (Bosnia, Serbia) table
    Synonyms: àstāl, hàstāl

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “sto”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: sto

### Numeral

sto
* hundred

### Further reading

* sto in dykcjonorz.eu
* sto in silling.org

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stɔ]

### Numeral

sto
* hundred (100)

#### Usage notes

* Usually not declined when used in conjunction with other numerals.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sto”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stóː/

### Numeral

stọ̑
* hundred

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “sto”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “sto”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish stōþ, from Old Norse stóð, from Proto-Germanic *stōdą. Compare Icelandic stóð.

### Noun

sto n
* mare (female horse)

#### Synonyms

* hästhona
* märr

#### Hypernyms

* häst
* (dialectal) russ

#### Coordinate terms

* föl
* fölunge
* hingst
* hästunge
* valack

#### Derived terms

* stomjölk
* ungsto

### References

* sto in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sto in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sto in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* ost, ots, sot

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̏to.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Hyphenation: sto
* Syllabification: sto

### Numeral

sto
* hundred
    Tuta wjes ma něšto wjace hač sto wobydlerjow.This village has just over a hundred inhabitants.

### References

* “sto” in Soblex