# gum
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: gŭm, IPA: /ɡʌm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌm
* Homophone: gome

### Etymology 1

From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”).
See also German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr, Icelandic gómur; also Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”). More at yawn.

#### Noun

gum (plural gums)
* (often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.

##### Synonyms

* gingiva (medical)

##### Derived terms

* gumboil
* gum-didder
* gum-digger
* gum-digging
* gum disease
* gum job
* gumless
* gummed
* gummy
* gum ridge
* gum-ring
* gum-rubber
* gum shield
* gum-stake
* gum-tickler
* gum-tooth
* gumwork

##### Translations
#### Verb

gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)
* To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.
* (transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.

#### Noun

gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)
* (botany, biochemistry, chiefly uncountable) A viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.
    gum arabic
    gum-oleo-resin
* (chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling the true gum.
    gum benzoin
** 1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205:[…] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]
* (chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum.
* (countable) A single piece of chewing gum.
    Do you have a gum to spare?
** 2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388:Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.
* (South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy.
* (US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
* (US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log.
* (US, dialect) A rubber overshoe.
* A gum tree.

##### Derived terms

* acacia gum
* acaroid gum
* accaroid gum, accroides gum
* apple-gum
* arabic gum
* art gum
* Barbary gum
* bee gum
* begum
* black gum
* blue gum
* box-gum
* British gum
* bubble gum, bubble-gum, bubblegum
* cabbage gum
* Cape gum
* carob gum
* chagual gum
* chewing gum
* chicle gum
* cider gum
* cow gum
* cushion gum
* dammar gum
* degum
* doctor-gum
* doctor's gum
* elastic gum
* flooded gum
* free gum
* gellan gum
* ghatti gum
* ghost gum
* grey gum
* grilled gum
* guar gum
* gum acacia
* gum acaroidea, gum accroides
* gum albanum
* gum ammoniac
* gum anima, gum animé, gum animi
* gum animal
* gum arabic
* gumball
* gum band
* gum benjamin
* gum benzoin
* gum bichromate
* gum-boiler
* gum boot, gumboot
* gum-bucket
* gum butea
* gum camphor
* gum-chewer
* gum-chewing
* gum cistus
* gum coolibah
* gum dammar
* gum-digger
* gum-digging
* gum dragon
* gum-drop, gumdrop
* gum elastic
* gum elemi
* gum eraser
* gum eurphorbium
* gum-field
* gum-flowers
* gum-game
* gum guaiac
* gum-hole
* gum ivy
* gum juniper
* gum karaya
* gum kino
* gum labdanum
* gum lac
* gum-land
* gumlands
* gum lift
* gum-line, gumline
* gummage
* gummy
* gum myrrh
* gum myrtle
* gum nut
* gum of ivy
* gum olibanum
* gum over platinum
* gum-paper
* gum passage
* gum plant
* gum-platinum
* gum pot
* gum print
* gum printing
* gum-rash
* gum-resin
* gum resin
* gum rockrose
* gum sandarac
* gum sangapenum
* gum-seal
* gum-senegal
* gumshoe
* gum silk
* gum stick
* gum-succory
* gum-sucker
* gum-taffeta
* gum-thistle
* gum thus
* gum tragacanth
* gum tree
* gum turpentine
* gum up the works
* gum water
* gum wood, gumwood
* gum-worker
* hashab gum
* hog gum
* hog-gum
* hog gum tree
* iron gum
* karaya gum
* kauri gum
* Kordofan gum
* locust bean gum
* log gum
* mahogany gum
* manna gum
* mastic gum
* mountain gum
* Murray red gum
* natural gum
* nicotine gum
* orange gum
* Persian gum
* red gum
* red-gum
* ribbon gum
* river gum
* river red gum
* rose gum
* slum gum, slumgum
* snappy gum
* snow gum
* sonora gum
* sour gum
* spotted gum
* spruce gum
* sterculia gum
* stick of gum
* stinking gum
* Strickland's gum
* strike me up a gum tree
* sugar gum, sugar-gum
* swamp gum
* sweet gum, sweet gum-tree
* sweet gum tree
* tara gum
* Tasmanian blue gum
* ungum
* up a gum tree
* walk and chew gum at the same time
* water gum
* weeping snow gum
* white gum
* white gum poison
* wine gum
* wood gum
* xanthan gum
* yellow gum
* York gum

##### Related terms

* gumma
* gummatous
* gummic acid
* gummiferous
* gummite
* gummose
* gummosis
* gummosity
* gummous

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)
* (sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.
** 2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, →ISBN, page 184:However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.
* To stiffen with glue or gum.
** c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:He frets like a gummed velvet.
* (sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence.
** 1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.
* (colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process.
    That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.
    The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.

##### Derived terms

* gum up
* by gum

### Anagrams

* MGU, mug

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡum]
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

gum
* genitive plural of guma

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* gom (now restricted to Belgium in the meaning “eraser”).

### Etymology

A relatively recent variant of gom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣʏm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gum

### Noun

gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)
* an eraser

#### Derived terms

* gummen
* kneedgum

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡùm/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ɡʷʊ̀m]

### Ideophone

gùm
* smelling bad

#### Alternative forms

* sùm

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʏːm/
* Rhymes: -ʏːm

### Noun

gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)
* boasting, exaggeration
    Synonyms: gort, raup

#### Derived terms

* guma (“to boast, to exaggerate”)

### References

* ↑ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “gumen”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

## Middle English
### Noun

gum
* Alternative form of gumme

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -um
* Syllabification: gum

### Noun

gum f pl
* genitive plural of guma

## Salar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.

### Pronunciation

* (Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA: [kum]

### Noun

gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)
* sand

### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “kum”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 395
* Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “gum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 109

## Scots
### Etymology 1

From English gum.

#### Noun

gum (plural gums)
* gum

### Etymology 2

Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.

#### Alternative forms

* gumm

#### Noun

gum (plural gums)
* mist, vapour, haze

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* gu
* gun

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəm/

### Conjunction

gum
* that
    Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte. - I'm certain that he would be happy.

#### Usage notes

* Used before b, f, m and p.

## Sumerian
### Romanization

gum
* Romanization of 𒄣 (gum)

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”). Cognates with Turkish kum.

### Noun

gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* sand

### Further reading

* “gum” in Enedilim.com
* “gum” in Webonary.org

## Zazaki
### Noun

gum
* (anatomy) cheek