# 肆

| 肆 | U+8086, &#32902; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8086 |
| ← 肅 [U+8085] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肇 → [U+8087] |

## Translingual
### Han character

肆 (Kangxi radical 129, 聿+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈中手 (SILQ), four-corner 7570$_7$, composition ⿰镸聿)

#### Derived characters

* 蕼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 971, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29226
* Dae Jaweon: page 1423, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3167, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8086

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 肆
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 曃 | *l̥ʰɯːds |
| 埭 | *l'ɯːds |
| 逮 | *l'ɯːds, *l'ɯːds |
| 靆 | *l'ɯːds |
| 齂 | *hmrɯːds, *hmrɯds, *mrɯːd |
| 棣 | *l'ɯːds |
| 隸 | *rɯːds |
| 肆 | *hljɯds |
| 蕼 | *hljɯds |
| 肂 | *hljɯds |
| 殔 | *lɯds |
| 隶 | *lɯds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljɯds): semantic 镸 + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): sì (si$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): si$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): xi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): si$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): si̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): se$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$sy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sì
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
*** Palladius: сы (sy)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^3$
*** Yale: si
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: si̿
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /søy²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
*** Tâi-lô: sù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sux
*** IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
*** Tâi-lô: sìr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: se$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /sɯ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sy
*** MiniDict: sy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sr$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sijH
Rime :
| Character | 肆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息利切 |
| Baxter | sijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ləp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 肆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ləp-s/ |
| English | unrestrained |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7961 |
| Phonetic component | 隶 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 四 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljɯds/ |
| Notes | 說文右從隸聲， 漢碑隸變爲此 |

#### Definitions

肆
* (literary, or in compounds) impudent; undisciplined
* (literary, or in compounds) shop; store; stall
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Tú yáng Yuè yuē: “Fú sān jīng zhī wèi, wú zhī qí guì yú tú yáng zhī sì yě; wàn zhōng zhī lù, wú zhī qí fù yú tú yáng zhī lì yě. Rán qǐ kě yǐ shí jué lù ér shǐ wú jūn yǒu wàng shī zhī míng hū! Yuè bùgǎn dāng, yuàn fù fǎn wú tú yáng zhī sì.” [Pinyin]
    he said, 'I know that the place of such a distinguished noble is nobler than a sheep-butcher's stall, and that the salary of 10,000 zhong is more than its profits. But how should I, through my greed of rank and emolument, bring on our ruler the name of an unlawful dispensation of his gifts? I dare not respond to your wishes, but desire to return to my stall as the sheep-butcher.'

##### Synonyms

* (shop):
* 商店 (shāngdiàn)
* 商鋪 / 商铺 (shāngpù)
* 店 (diàn)
* 店鋪 / 店铺 (diànpù)
* 買賣 / 买卖 (mǎimài)
* 鋪子 / 铺子 (pùzi)
* 門店 / 门店 (méndiàn)
* 門臉 / 门脸 (ménliǎn) (colloquial)

#### See also

Chinese numbers :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10$^2$ | 10$^3$ | 10$^4$ | 10$^6$ | 10$^8$ | 10$^{12}$ |
| Normal (小寫 / 小写) | 〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩 / 两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) | 億 / 亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫 / 大写) | 零 | 壹 | 貳 / 贰 | 參 / 叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸 / 陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) | 億 / 亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) |

#### Compounds

* 井肆
* 侈肆
* 倡肆
* 倨肆
* 偃肆
* 偷肆
* 傭肆 / 佣肆
* 傲肆
* 僭肆
* 儒肆
* 典肆
* 凶肆
* 列肆
* 勾肆
* 卜肆
* 卦肆
* 和肆
* 唐肆
* 商肆
* 坊肆
* 城肆
* 壚肆 / 垆肆
* 夜肆
* 大肆 (dàsì)
* 大肆厥辭 / 大肆厥辞
* 大肆吹噓 / 大肆吹嘘
* 大肆咆哮 (dàsì páoxiāo)
* 大肆抨擊 / 大肆抨击
* 大肆搜捕
* 奇肆
* 女肆
* 姿肆
* 婪肆
* 安肆
* 宏肆
* 寬肆 / 宽肆
* 寶肆 / 宝肆
* 專肆 / 专肆
* 小肆
* 居肆
* 屠肆
* 市肆 (shìsì)
* 平肆
* 店肆 (diànsì)
* 廊肆
* 廣肆 / 广肆
* 廛肆
* 弘肆
* 強肆 / 强肆
* 從肆 / 从肆
* 怠肆
* 恢肆
* 恣肆 (zìsì)
* 恣肆無忌 / 恣肆无忌
* 患肆
* 惰肆
* 慢肆
* 拘肆
* 揭雞肆赦 / 揭鸡肆赦
* 攫肆
* 放意肆志
* 放肆 (fàngsì)
* 放肆荒唐
* 放肆話 / 放肆话
* 書肆 / 书肆
* 朝肆
* 构肆
* 枸肆
* 枯肆
* 枸肆語 / 枸肆语
* 枯魚之肆 / 枯鱼之肆
* 棋肆
* 楚肆
* 橫肆 / 横肆
* 求馬唐肆 / 求马唐肆
* 汪洋自肆
* 汪洋閎肆 / 汪洋闳肆
* 汪肆
* 浴肆
* 淫肆
* 涵肆
* 游肆
* 煙肆 / 烟肆
* 熾肆 / 炽肆
* 狂肆
* 狡焉思肆
* 猖肆
* 玄肆
* 率肆
* 瓦肆
* 畫肆 / 画肆
* 目動言肆 / 目动言肆
* 矜肆
* 秦肆
* 竊肆 / 窃肆
* 筵肆
* 簾肆 / 帘肆
* 縱肆 / 纵肆
* 羊肆
* 肆享
* 肆人
* 肆任
* 肆伐
* 肆侈
* 肆侮
* 肆凶
* 肆刑
* 肆剽
* 肆力
* 肆劫
* 肆勤
* 肆募
* 肆口
* 肆器
* 肆夏
* 肆奢
* 肆好
* 肆奸植黨
* 肆姐
* 肆威
* 肆宇
* 肆宅
* 肆宥
* 肆察
* 肆布
* 肆師 / 肆师
* 肆廛
* 肆心
* 肆志
* 肆忿
* 肆怒
* 肆恣
* 肆惡 / 肆恶
* 肆情
* 肆意 (sìyì)
* 肆惰
* 肆意妄為 / 肆意妄为
* 肆慢
* 肆應 / 肆应
* 肆戾
* 肆手
* 肆掠
* 肆擾 / 肆扰
* 肆斷 / 肆断
* 肆既
* 肆暴
* 肆望
* 肆業 / 肆业
* 肆橫 / 肆横
* 肆欲
* 肆毆 / 肆殴
* 肆毒
* 肆法
* 肆流
* 肆淫
* 肆然
* 肆無忌憚 / 肆无忌惮 (sìwújìdàn)
* 肆略
* 肆瘞 / 肆瘗
* 肆目
* 肆直
* 肆眚
* 肆睇
* 肆矜
* 肆祀
* 肆禍 / 肆祸
* 肆筆 / 肆笔
* 肆筵
* 肆縱 / 肆纵
* 肆罵 / 肆骂
* 肆義 / 肆义
* 肆肆
* 肆芳
* 肆虐 (sìnüè)
* 肆虣
* 肆螫
* 肆行 (sìxíng)
* 肆行無忌 / 肆行无忌
* 肆覲 / 肆觐
* 肆覽 / 肆览
* 肆言
* 肆言無忌 / 肆言无忌
* 肆言詈辱
* 肆詈
* 肆詆 / 肆诋
* 肆訾
* 肆詐 / 肆诈
* 肆談 / 肆谈
* 肆謗 / 肆谤
* 肆議 / 肆议
* 肆赦
* 肆踞
* 肆蹟 / 肆迹
* 肆逆
* 肆通
* 肆野
* 肆長 / 肆长
* 肆閱 / 肆阅
* 肆險 / 肆险
* 肆頭 / 肆头
* 肆類 / 肆类
* 肆駡 / 肆骂
* 肆騷 / 肆骚
* 肆體 / 肆体
* 肆鬯
* 肆鱗 / 肆鳞
* 胖肆
* 自肆
* 茶肆 (chásì)
* 行肆
* 街肆
* 衢肆
* 規肆 / 规肆
* 言肆
* 誕肆 / 诞肆
* 講肆 / 讲肆
* 豪肆
* 豺虎肆虐
* 販肆 / 贩肆
* 貪肆 / 贪肆
* 賈肆 / 贾肆
* 賤肆 / 贱肆
* 質肆 / 质肆
* 踞肆
* 車肆 / 车肆
* 輕世肆志 / 轻世肆志
* 輕肆 / 轻肆
* 輒肆 / 辄肆
* 輕言肆口 / 轻言肆口
* 逞肆
* 逾肆
* 遊肆 / 游肆
* 邸肆
* 鄽肆
* 酒肆 (jiǔsì)
* 酤肆
* 酣肆
* 醟肆 / 蒏肆
* 釀肆 / 酿肆
* 錢肆 / 钱肆
* 錦肆 / 锦肆
* 鑷肆 / 镊肆
* 閉肆 / 闭肆
* 閎中肆外 / 闳中肆外
* 閒肆 / 闲肆
* 閎肆 / 闳肆
* 開肆 / 开肆
* 閭肆 / 闾肆
* 闤肆 / 阛肆
* 陵肆
* 隱琴肆瑟 / 隐琴肆瑟
* 雄肆
* 雲肆 / 云肆
* 霞肆
* 食肆 (shísì)
* 餅肆 / 饼肆
* 馬肆 / 马肆
* 騁肆 / 骋肆
* 驁肆 / 骜肆
* 驕肆 / 骄肆
* 鮑肆 / 鲍肆
* 鮑魚之肆 / 鲍鱼之肆 (bàoyú zhī sì)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): sì (si$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sei$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhei$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): si$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): xi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): si$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): si̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé / sé̤ṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sì / sù / sìr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$sy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sì
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
*** Palladius: сы (sy)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$
*** Yale: sei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬei³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: si̿
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé / sé̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛi²¹³/, /søy²¹³/
* sé - vernacular;
* sé̤ṳ - literary.

#### Definitions

肆
* (financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)

### References

* “肆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (financial, archaic) four
* shop or store
* selfish, self-indulgent

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi, 肆)
* Kan-on: し (shi, 肆)
* Kun: いちくら (ichikura, 肆)、いちぐら (ichigura, 肆)、ほしいまま (hoshiimama, 肆)、みせ (mise, 肆)
* Nanori: のぶ (nobu, 肆)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 肆
* し Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 肆 (MC sijH).
The numeral sense is a substitute spelling for 四(し) (shi, “four”), likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese 肆 (“four”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) し [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕi]

#### Noun

肆(し) • (shi)
* (financial, archaic) the number four, 4 (used only in legal documents, otherwise 四)

##### Usage notes

Legal uses arose due to the relative ease with which certain number kanji can be fraudulently altered to look like other number kanji. For instance, 二 (ni, “two”) could be modified to look like 四 (shi, “four”), but it cannot be modified to look like 肆 (shi, “four”, in legal contexts).

#### See also

* 大字(だいじ) (daiji, “big character”, more-complicated kanji used as phonetic replacements for simpler numeric kanji, in order to prevent fraudulent modification)
v • d • eJapanese numbers :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 0 | 零 | れい、ゼロ | rei, zero |
| 1 | 一、壱、弌、壹 | いち | ichi |
| 2 | 二、弐、貳、貮 | に | ni |
| 3 | 三、参 | さん | san |
| 4 | 四、肆 | よん、し | yon, shi |
| 5 | 五、伍 | ご | go |
| 6 | 六、陸 | ろく | roku |
| 7 | 七、漆 | なな、しち | nana, shichi |
| 8 | 八、捌 | はち | hachi |
| 9 | 九、玖 | きゅう、く | kyū, ku |
| 10 | 十、拾 | じゅう | jū |
| 100 | 百、陌、佰 | ひゃく | hyaku |
| 1,000 | 千、阡、仟 | せん | sen |
| 10,000 | 一万、万、一萬、萬 | いちまん、まん | ichiman, man |
| 100,000,000 | 一億、億 | いちおく、おく | ichioku, oku |

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 肆
* いちくら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 市座
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [it͡ɕikɯ̟ɾa̠]
* IPA: [it͡ɕiɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Noun

肆(いちくら) or 肆(いちぐら) • (ichikura or ichigura)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 肆 – see the following entries. :
| 【縦ほしいまま】6 | [adjective] selfish, at will [adjective] arbitrary Alternative spellings 恣, 擅, 欲しい儘, 欲しい侭 |
(This term, 肆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 四, 店.)

## Korean
### Hanja

肆 (eum 사 (sa))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

肆: Hán Nôm readings: tứ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.