# 寄生
## Chinese

* 寄生

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìshēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄕㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^3$ sang$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ki-sên
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kì-seng / kì-sng / kià-seng / kià-sng / kià-seⁿ / kià-siⁿ / kiàⁿ-siⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gia$^3$ sên$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìshēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìsheng
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$-shêng$^1$
*** Yale: jì-shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihsheng
*** Palladius: цзишэн (czišɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$寄生 計生 / 计生
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^3$ sang$^1$
*** Yale: gei sāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^3$ sang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^3$ seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-sên
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi sen$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^4$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ sen²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-seng
*** Tâi-lô: kì-sing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiesefng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-sng
*** Tâi-lô: kì-sng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiesngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kià-seng
*** Tâi-lô: kià-sing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiarsefng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kia²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kià-sng
*** Tâi-lô: kià-sng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiarsngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kia⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kià-seⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kià-senn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiarsvef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kia²¹⁻⁴¹ sẽ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kia²¹⁻⁵³ sɛ̃⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kià-siⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kià-sinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiarsvy
*** IPA (Taipei): /kia¹¹⁻⁵³ sĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Lukang, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàⁿ-siⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kiànn-sinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kviarsvy
*** IPA (Lukang): /kiã³¹⁻⁵³ sĩ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gia$^3$ sên$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kià seⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kia²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/

### Verb

寄生
* to live as a parasite; to be parasitic
* (figurative) to live off others; to live by taking advantage of others

### Noun

寄生
* (ecology) parasitism
* (Putian Puxian Min, Taiwanese Hokkien) hermit crab

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 寄居蟹, 寄居蝦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 寄居蟹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 寄居蟹, 寄生蟹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 石螺仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 痟查某仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 寄居蟹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 搭生 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 寄生 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 寄生仔, 哈螺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 雷公螺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 蟧蜈蟳仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 漿寄生 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 漿寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 寄生 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 寄生仔, 螺仔鬼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 寄生 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 寄生仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 寄生 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 寄仔生, 寄生 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 寄生 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 寄生 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 寄生 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蟹螺 |

### Derived terms

* 寄生仔
* 寄生物 (jìshēngwù)
* 寄生蟲 / 寄生虫 (jìshēngchóng)
* 寄生蟹 (jìshēngxiè)
* 漿寄生 / 浆寄生

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 寄 | 生 |
| き Grade: 5 | せい Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きせー [kìséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲi̥se̞ː]

### Noun

寄(き)生(せい) • (kisei)
* (ecology) parasitism

### Verb

寄(き)生(せい)する • (kisei suru) intransitive suru (stem 寄(き)生(せい)し (kisei shi), past 寄(き)生(せい)した (kisei shita))
* (ecology) to be parasitic

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 寄生し | きせいし | kisei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 寄生し | きせいし | kisei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 寄生する | きせいする | kisei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 寄生する | きせいする | kisei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 寄生すれ | きせいすれ | kisei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 寄生せよ¹ 寄生しろ² | きせいせよ¹ きせいしろ² | kisei seyo¹ kisei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 寄生される | きせいされる | kisei sareru |
| Causative | 寄生させる 寄生さす | きせいさせる きせいさす | kisei saseru kisei sasu |
| Potential | 寄生できる | きせいできる | kisei dekiru |
| Volitional | 寄生しよう | きせいしよう | kisei shiyō |
| Negative | 寄生しない | きせいしない | kisei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 寄生せず | きせいせず | kisei sezu |
| Formal | 寄生します | きせいします | kisei shimasu |
| Perfective | 寄生した | きせいした | kisei shita |
| Conjunctive | 寄生して | きせいして | kisei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 寄生すれば | きせいすれば | kisei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 寄 | 生 |

### Noun

寄生 • (gisaeng) (hangeul 기생)
* hanja form of 기생 (“parasitism”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 寄 | 生 |

### Verb

寄生
* chữ Hán form of kí sinh (“to be parasitic”).