# 倉皇
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cānghuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^1$ wong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhong-hông / chhong-pōng / chhiong-pōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cānghuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: canghuáng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^1$-huang$^2$
*** Yale: tsāng-hwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsanghwang
*** Palladius: цанхуан (canxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$倉惶 / 仓惶 倉皇 / 仓皇 蒼黃 / 苍黄
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^1$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: chōng wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^1$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^1$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$倉皇 / 仓皇 蒼黃 / 苍黄
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-hông
*** Tâi-lô: tshong-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhonghoong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-pōng
*** Tâi-lô: tshong-pōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhongpong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-pōng
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong-pōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiongpong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tshang hwang
Rime :
| Character | 倉 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 七岡切 | 胡光切 |
| Baxter | tshang | hwang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaŋ/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cāng | huáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ | wong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤaŋ|tsʰˤaŋ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ ɡʷaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 倉 | 倉 | 皇 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cāng | cāng | huáng | huáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshang › | ‹ tshang › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.r̥]ˁaŋ/ | /*tsʰˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ |
| English | tshang-kæng "oriole" | granary | yellow and white spotted | sovereign |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倉 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1125 | 12696 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 | 王 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倉 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːŋ/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 |

### Adjective

倉皇
* in a panic; flurried; scared and hasty

#### Synonyms

* 侷促 (júcù) (dialectal)
* 促忙 (cùmáng) (literary)
* 倉促 / 仓促 (cāngcù)
* 倉卒 / 仓卒 (cāngcù)
* 倉忙 / 仓忙 (cāngmáng) (literary)
* 匆促 (cōngcù)
* 匆匆 (cōngcōng)
* 匆忙 (cōngmáng)
* 匆猝 (cōngcù) (literary)
* 急且 (jíqiě) (literary)
* 急促 (jícù)
* 急切 (jíqiè)
* 急匆匆 (jícōngcōng)
* 急急 (jíjí) (literary)
* 急迫 (jípò)
* 慌促 (huāngcù)
* 慌忙 (huāngmáng)
* 緊狂 / 紧狂 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

#### Derived terms

* 倉倉皇皇 / 仓仓皇皇
* 倉皇失措 / 仓皇失措
* 倉皇無措 / 仓皇无措

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 倉 | 皇 |
| そう Grade: 4 | こう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* 蒼惶

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーこー [sòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːko̞ː]

### Adjective

倉(そう)皇(こう) • (sōkō) $^†$-tari (adnominal 倉(そう)皇(こう)とした (sōkō to shita) or 倉(そう)皇(こう)たる (sōkō taru), adverbial 倉(そう)皇(こう)と (sōkō to) or 倉(そう)皇(こう)として (sōkō to shite))
* in a panic

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 倉皇たら | そうこうたら | soukoutara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 倉皇と$^{[1]}$ 倉皇たり$^{[2]}$ | そうこうと そうこうたり | soukouto soukoutari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 倉皇たり | そうこうたり | soukoutari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 倉皇たる | そうこうたる | soukoutaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 倉皇たれ | そうこうたれ | soukoutare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 倉皇たれ | そうこうたれ | soukoutare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 倉皇たらず | そうこうたらず | soukoutarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 倉皇たれど | そうこうたれど | soukoutaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 倉皇たれば | そうこうたれば | soukoutareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 倉皇たらば | そうこうたらば | soukoutaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 倉皇たりき | そうこうたりき | soukoutariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 倉皇たりけり | そうこうたりけり | soukoutarikeri |
| Adverbial | 倉皇と | そうこうと | soukouto |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

#### Synonyms

* 倉(そう)卒(そつ) (sōsotsu)

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 倉 | 皇 |

### Noun

倉皇 • (changhwang) (hangeul 창황)
* hanja form of 창황