# 膳

| 膳 | U+81B3, &#33203; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81B3 |
| ← 膲 [U+81B2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 膴 → [U+81B4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

膳 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月廿土口 (BTGR) or 月廿廿口 (BTTR), four-corner 7826$_5$, composition ⿰⺼善)

#### Derived characters

* 𧃇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29891
* Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2113, character 11
* Unihan data for U+81B3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膳 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 橏 | *tjenʔ |
| 嫸 | *tjenʔ |
| 善 | *ɡjenʔ |
| 譱 | *ɡjenʔ |
| 蟮 | *djanʔ |
| 鱔 | *djanʔ |
| 僐 | *djenʔ, *djens |
| 鄯 | *djenʔ, *djens |
| 墡 | *djenʔ |
| 磰 | *djenʔ |
| 繕 | *ɡjens |
| 膳 | *djens |
| 饍 | *djens |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djens): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàn (shan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siān
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^4$
*** Yale: shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
*** Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^6$
*** Yale: sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān
*** Tâi-lô: siān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zoe
*** MiniDict: zoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyenH
Rime :
| Character | 膳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時戰切 |
| Baxter | dzyenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*djens/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 膳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11094 |
| Phonetic component | 善 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繕 |
| Old Chinese | /*djens/ |

### Definitions

膳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to prepare food
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to offer food
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) meal

### Compounds

* 佐膳
* 供膳甘肥
* 問安視膳 / 问安视膳
* 嘗膳 / 尝膳
* 廩膳 / 廪膳
* 廩膳生員 / 廪膳生员
* 廩膳秀才 / 廪膳秀才
* 御膳 (yùshàn)
* 御膳房 (yùshànfáng)
* 早膳
* 晚膳 (wǎnshàn)
* 減膳 / 减膳
* 用膳 (yòngshàn)
* 膳堂 (shàntáng)
* 膳夫
* 膳宿 (shànsù)
* 膳房
* 膳費 / 膳费
* 膳食 (shànshí)
* 藥膳 / 药膳 (yàoshàn)
* 進膳 / 进膳 (jìnshàn)
* 配膳檯 / 配膳台
* 食膳
* 養膳 / 养膳

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* small table; tray

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 膳える)、かしわ (kashiwa, 膳)、すすめる (susumeru)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 膳
* ぜん Grade: S
* on'yomi

### Noun

膳(ぜん) • (zen)
* small Japanese meal tray
* a prepared meal, (especially) food a drink arranged on such a tray

### Counter

膳(ぜん) • (-zen)
* pairs of chopsticks
* bowls of rice

## Korean
### Hanja

膳 (eumhun 반찬 선 (banchan seon)) 膳 (eumhun 선물 선 (seonmul seon))
* hanja form of 선 (“meal”)
* hanja form of 선 (“gift; present”)

#### Compounds

* 선물 (膳物, seonmul, “gift; present”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

膳 (thiện)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.