# apologia
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “speech in defense of a position”). Doublet of apology.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˌæp.əˈloʊ.d͡ʒi.ə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

apologia (plural apologias or apologiae)
* A written defense of a position or belief.
    Synonyms: apology, apologism
** 1999, Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, Preface:Although I've enumerated some of the academic traditions and debates that have animated this book, it is not my purpose to offer a full apologia in these brief pages.
** 2007 November 4, Stephen L. Carter, “Almost a Gentleman”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:“Gone With the Wind” was published in 1936, and despite heroic efforts over the last seven decades to transform it into something else, the novel stands as an apologia for the Old South — […]
** 2024 March 16, Chris Power, “Unfinished business”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 11:The apologia his [Gabriel García Márquez] sons contribute at the beginning of the book is unconvincing, and their final excuse is particularly hard to swallow: […]

#### Related terms

* apologeticism
* apologetics
* apologist
* apologize

#### Translations
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English apologia), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología). Contains the suffix -logia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑpoˌloɡiɑ/, [ˈɑ̝po̞ˌlo̞ɡiɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -oɡiɑ
* Hyphenation: apo‧logia

### Noun

apologia
* apologia

#### Declension

Possessive forms of apologia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
apologiani
apologiani
accusative
nom.
apologiani
apologiani
gen.
apologiani
genitive
apologiani
apologioideni apologioitteni apologiaini $^{rare}$
partitive
apologiaani
apologioitani
inessive
apologiassani
apologioissani
elative
apologiastani
apologioistani
illative
apologiaani
apologioihini
adessive
apologiallani
apologioillani
ablative
apologialtani
apologioiltani
allative
apologialleni
apologioilleni
essive
apologianani
apologioinani
translative
apologiakseni
apologioikseni
abessive
apologiattani
apologioittani
instructive
comitative
—apologioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
apologiasi
apologiasi
accusative
nom.
apologiasi
apologiasi
gen.
apologiasi
genitive
apologiasi
apologioidesi apologioittesi apologiaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
apologiaasi
apologioitasi
inessive
apologiassasi
apologioissasi
elative
apologiastasi
apologioistasi
illative
apologiaasi
apologioihisi
adessive
apologiallasi
apologioillasi
ablative
apologialtasi
apologioiltasi
allative
apologiallesi
apologioillesi
essive
apologianasi
apologioinasi
translative
apologiaksesi
apologioiksesi
abessive
apologiattasi
apologioittasi
instructive
comitative
—apologioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
apologiamme
apologiamme
accusative
nom.
apologiamme
apologiamme
gen.
apologiamme
genitive
apologiamme
apologioidemme apologioittemme apologiaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
apologiaamme
apologioitamme
inessive
apologiassamme
apologioissamme
elative
apologiastamme
apologioistamme
illative
apologiaamme
apologioihimme
adessive
apologiallamme
apologioillamme
ablative
apologialtamme
apologioiltamme
allative
apologiallemme
apologioillemme
essive
apologianamme
apologioinamme
translative
apologiaksemme
apologioiksemme
abessive
apologiattamme
apologioittamme
instructive
comitative
—apologioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
apologianne
apologianne
accusative
nom.
apologianne
apologianne
gen.
apologianne
genitive
apologianne
apologioidenne apologioittenne apologiainne $^{rare}$
partitive
apologiaanne
apologioitanne
inessive
apologiassanne
apologioissanne
elative
apologiastanne
apologioistanne
illative
apologiaanne
apologioihinne
adessive
apologiallanne
apologioillanne
ablative
apologialtanne
apologioiltanne
allative
apologiallenne
apologioillenne
essive
apologiananne
apologioinanne
translative
apologiaksenne
apologioiksenne
abessive
apologiattanne
apologioittanne
instructive
comitative
—apologioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
apologiansa
apologiansa
accusative
nom.
apologiansa
apologiansa
gen.
apologiansa
genitive
apologiansa
apologioidensa apologioittensa apologiainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
apologiaansa
apologioitaan apologioitansa
inessive
apologiassaan apologiassansa
apologioissaan apologioissansa
elative
apologiastaan apologiastansa
apologioistaan apologioistansa
illative
apologiaansa
apologioihinsa
adessive
apologiallaan apologiallansa
apologioillaan apologioillansa
ablative
apologialtaan apologialtansa
apologioiltaan apologioiltansa
allative
apologialleen apologiallensa
apologioilleen apologioillensa
essive
apologianaan apologianansa
apologioinaan apologioinansa
translative
apologiakseen apologiaksensa
apologioikseen apologioiksensa
abessive
apologiattaan apologiattansa
apologioittaan apologioittansa
instructive
comitative
—apologioineen apologioinensa :

### Further reading

* “apologia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Latin apologia (“apology”), from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech made in defense of something”). Doublet of apologi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /apoˈloɡia̯/
* Rhymes: -ɡia̯, -ia̯, -a
* Hyphenation: apo‧lo‧gia

### Noun

apologia (plural apologia-apologia)
* confession, disclosure of one's sins
* (Catholicism) apology (formal justification, defence)

#### Related terms

* apologet
* apologetika
* apologetis
* apologi

### Further reading

* “apologia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek +‎ -logia.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ia
* IPA: /a.po.loˈd͡ʒi.a/
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: a‧po‧lo‧gì‧a

### Noun

apologia f (plural apologie)
* apology, apologia

#### Related terms

* apologetico
* apologista

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apologíā, "a speech made in defense of something").

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /a.poˈlo.ɡi.a/, [äpɔˈɫ̪ɔɡiä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.poˈlo.d͡ʒi.a/, [äpoˈlɔːd͡ʒiä]

### Noun

apologia f (genitive apologiae); first declension
* a defense, apology

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: apologji
* → Catalan: apologia
* → English: apologia
* → French: apologie (see there for further descendants)
* → Finnish: apologia
* → German: Apologie
* → Indonesian: apologia
* → Italian: apologia
* → Polish: apologia
* → Portuguese: apologia
* → Spanish: apología

#### References

* “apologia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin apologia, from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología). By surface analysis, apo- +‎ -logia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.pɔˈlɔ.ɡja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɡja
* Syllabification: a‧po‧lo‧gia

### Noun

apologia f
* (literary) apology (defence of some belief)
    Synonym: apologetyka

#### Related terms

* apologetyczny
* apolog
* apologeta
* apologetka
* apologetyk
* apologetyka
* apologizować

### Further reading

* apologia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* apologia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Late Latin apologia, from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech in defence”). By surface analysis, apo- +‎ -logia.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.po.loˈʒi.ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.po.loˈʒi.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.po.loˈʒi.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.pu.luˈʒi.ɐ/
* Hyphenation: a‧po‧lo‧gi‧a

### Noun

apologia f (plural apologias)
* apology (formal justification, defence)
* (by extension) endorsement, defence, commendation
    Ele fez apologia ao nazismo ― He endorsed nazism