# 勇

| 勇 | U+52C7, &#21191; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C7 |
| ← 勆 [U+52C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 勈 → [U+52C8] |
| 勇 | U+FA76, &#64118; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA76 |
| ← 冀 [U+FA75] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 勺 → [U+FA77] |
| 勇 | U+2F825, &#194597; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F825 |
| ← 㔕 [U+2F824] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 勉 → [U+2F826] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 勇 |
| Simplified | 勇 |
| Traditional | 勇 |

### Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese and Korean, the character is written 龴+田+力, as found in the Kangxi dictionary. In traditional Chinese (Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Vietnamese script, the character is written 龴+用+力. In modern simplified Chinese, the character is written similar to the traditional Chinese form but the lower right hook of 用 is missing.

### Han character

勇 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓月大尸 (NBKS), four-corner 1742$_7$, composition ⿱甬力(GHTV) or ⿱龴男(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 㗈, 愑, 湧, 踴, 䞻
* 𠋀, 𱗚, 𱜀, 𢰭, 𨺳, 𪰵, 𪳆, 𭮛, 𬍺, 𧍛, 𫍃, 𮢛(𲈑), 𠁜, 𩜳, 𢧙, 𩔘, 𤸝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2360
* Dae Jaweon: page 332, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 372, character 7
* Unihan data for U+52C7
* Unihan data for U+FA76
* Unihan data for U+2F825

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 勇
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 通 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 俑 | *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 蓪 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 桶 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ |
| 捅 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ |
| 痛 | *l̥ʰoːŋs |
| 筩 | *l'oːŋ |
| 誦 | *ljoŋs |
| 傭 | *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ |
| 慵 | *ɦljoŋ |
| 鱅 | *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ |
| 滽 | *loŋ |
| 墉 | *loŋ |
| 鏞 | *loŋ |
| 鄘 | *loŋ |
| 槦 | *loŋ |
| 銿 | *loŋ |
| 甬 | *loŋʔ |
| 勇 | *loŋʔ |
| 涌 | *loŋʔ |
| 踊 | *loŋʔ |
| 蛹 | *loŋʔ |
| 恿 | *loŋʔ |
| 慂 | *loŋʔ |
| 悀 | *loŋʔ |
| 埇 | *loŋʔ |
| 踴 | *loŋʔ |
| 庸 | *loŋ |
| 用 | *loŋs |
| 佣 | *loŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *loŋʔ): phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – brave and strong.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǒng (yong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yúng
    (Hailu, HRS): rhung$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yung$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng$^3$ / yeng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ióng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ion
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^3$
*** Yale: yǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
*** Palladius: юн (jun)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^5$
*** Yale: yúhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yuung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɵŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhung$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /iʊŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ê̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
*** Tâi-lô: ióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iong$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ióng
*** Sinological IPA : /ioŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ion
*** MiniDict: ion$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ion
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit勇 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yŋ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /yŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʐuŋ¹³/ /yŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /yŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /yuŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /yŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /yə̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /yŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ỹn⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /yŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ioŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yoŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ioŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ioŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ioŋ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iŋ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ỹŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ioŋ³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ioŋ⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔioŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠yɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /in³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ioŋ⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iuŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuŋ³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /juŋ¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /œyŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ioŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zoŋ²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: yowngX
Rime :
| Character | 勇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余隴切 |
| Baxter | yowngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*loŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǒng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yowng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*loŋʔ/ |
| English | brave |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15449 |
| Phonetic component | 用 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勇 |
| Old Chinese | /*loŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

勇
* brave; courageous; valiant
    勇敢 ― yǒnggǎn ― brave
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Mín yǒng yú gōngzhàn, qiè yú sīdòu, xiāng yì dàzhì. [Pinyin]
    The people were brave in the state's military campaigns, and fearful in private disputes; the villages and the towns were both governed well.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) courage; bravery; valor
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jiàn yì bù wéi, wú yǒng yě. [Pinyin]
    To see what is right, and not to do it, is want of courage.
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
    Yǒng, zhì zhī suǒyǐ gǎn yě. [Pinyin]
    Courage is that by which intent is daring.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soldier
* (Hokkien) strong
* (Hokkien) healthy
* (Hokkien) sturdy; durable
* a surname

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 勇(ゆう) (yū)
* → Korean: 용(勇) (yong)
* → Vietnamese: dũng (勇)

### Compounds

* 一勇之夫
* 兵勇 (bīngyǒng)
* 兵強將勇 / 兵强将勇
* 兵精將勇 / 兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
* 剛勇 / 刚勇
* 勇健 (yǒngjiàn)
* 勇冠三軍 / 勇冠三军
* 勇决
* 勇力 (yǒnglì)
* 勇動多怨 / 勇动多怨
* 勇士 (yǒngshì)
* 勇壮 (yǒngzhuàng)
* 勇夫 (yǒngfū)
* 勇夫悍卒
* 勇將 / 勇将
* 勇建
* 勇往直前 (yǒngwǎngzhíqián)
* 勇悍 (yǒnghàn)
* 勇敢 (yǒnggǎn)
* 勇於 / 勇于 (yǒngyú)
* 勇武 (yǒngwǔ)
* 勇毅 (yǒngyì)
* 勇氣 / 勇气 (yǒngqì)
* 勇氣百倍 / 勇气百倍 (yǒngqì bǎibèi)
* 勇決 / 勇决
* 勇烈 (yǒngliè)
* 勇猛 (yǒngměng)
* 勇猛果敢
* 勇猛求進 / 勇猛求进
* 勇猛直前
* 勇猛精進 / 勇猛精进
* 勇男蠢婦 / 勇男蠢妇
* 勇略 (yǒnglüè)
* 勇者 (yǒngzhě)
* 勇者不懼 / 勇者不惧
* 勇而無謀 / 勇而无谋 (yǒng'érwúmóu)
* 勇退
* 勇退激流
* 匹夫之勇 (pǐfūzhīyǒng)
* 告奮勇 / 告奋勇
* 團勇 / 团勇
* 大勇
* 大勇若怯
* 奮勇 / 奋勇 (fènyǒng)
* 奮勇爭先 / 奋勇争先
* 奮勇當先 / 奋勇当先
* 好勇鬥狠 / 好勇斗狠 (hàoyǒngdòuhěn)
* 小怯大勇
* 忠勇
* 急流勇退 (jíliúyǒngtuì)
* 愈戰愈勇 / 愈战愈勇
* 慈故能勇
* 才勇兼優 / 才勇兼优
* 拳勇
* 散兵游勇 (sǎnbīng yóuyǒng)
* 敢勇當先 / 敢勇当先
* 智仁勇
* 智勇 (zhìyǒng)
* 智勇兼全 (zhìyǒng jiān quán)
* 智勇雙全 / 智勇双全 (zhìyǒngshuāngquán)
* 有勇無謀 / 有勇无谋 (yǒuyǒngwúmóu)
* 毅勇
* 沉勇 (chényǒng)
* 游勇
* 無拳無勇 / 无拳无勇
* 矢勤矢勇
* 神勇 (shényǒng)
* 義勇 / 义勇 (yìyǒng)
* 義勇艦隊 / 义勇舰队
* 義勇警察 / 义勇警察
* 義勇軍 / 义勇军 (yìyǒngjūn)
* 自告奮勇 / 自告奋勇 (zìgàofènyǒng)
* 英勇 (yīngyǒng)
* 英勇善戰 / 英勇善战
* 英勇無敵 / 英勇无敌
* 英勇雄壯 / 英勇雄壮
* 血氣之勇 / 血气之勇 (xuèqìzhīyǒng)
* 見義勇為 / 见义勇为 (jiànyì-yǒngwéi)
* 謀勇兼備 / 谋勇兼备
* 賈勇 / 贾勇
* 蹻勇 / 跷勇
* 逃勇
* 鄉勇 / 乡勇 (xiāngyǒng)
* 餘勇可賈 / 余勇可贾 (yúyǒngkěgǔ)
* 驍勇 / 骁勇 (xiāoyǒng)
* 鼓勇直行

### References

* “勇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 勇 |
| Kyūjitai | 勇󠄁 勇+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 勇󠄃 勇+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* courage

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆ (yu)、ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō)
* Kun: いさむ (isamu, 勇む, Jōyō)、いさましい (isamashii, 勇ましい)
* Nanori: いさ (isa)、いさお (isao)、いさまし (isamashi)、いさみ (isami)、いさむ (isamu)、お (o)、さ (sa)、そよ (soyo)、たけ (take)、たけし (takeshi)、とし (toshi)、はや (haya)、よ (yo)

#### Compounds

* 勇敢
* 勇気
* 勇姿
* 勇者
* 勇壮
* 勇退
* 勇猛

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 勇
* ゆう Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 勇 (MC yowngX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ゆう [yúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [jɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

勇(ゆう) • (yū)
* bravery

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 勇
* いさむ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi

#### Proper noun

勇(いさむ) • (Isamu)
* a male given name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 勇
* いさ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi

#### Proper noun

勇(いさ) • (Isa)
* a female given name

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 324 (paper), page 212 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

勇 (eumhun 날쌜 용 (nalssael yong))
* hanja form of 용 (“bravery; courage”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

勇: Hán Nôm readings: dũng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* dũng cảm [勇敢]