# निद्रा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नींद (nīnd).

### Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f
* sleep, drowsiness
    Synonym: नींद (nīnd)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd). Cognate with Hindi निद्रा (nidrā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nid̪.ɾa/

### Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f
* sleep, drowsiness
    Synonym: झोप (jhop) (more common)

#### Declension
### References

* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निद्रा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “निद्रा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nidrāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

## Nepali
### Alternative forms

* निन्द्रा (nindrā)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nid̪rä]
* Phonetic Devanagari: निद्रा

### Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f
* sleep
    Synonym: नीद (nīd)

### References

* “निद्रा”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “निद्रा”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* নিদ্ৰা (Assamese script)
* ᬦᬶᬤ᭄ᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
* নিদ্রা (Bengali script)
* 𑰡𑰰𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* နိဒြာ (Burmese script)
* નિદ્રા (Gujarati script)
* ਨਿਦ੍ਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌨𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦤꦶꦢꦿꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂢𑂱𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ನಿದ್ರಾ (Kannada script)
* និទ្រា (Khmer script)
* ນິທ຺ຣາ (Lao script)
* നിദ്രാ (Malayalam script)
* ᠨᡳᡩᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘡𑘱𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠨᠢᢑᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧁𑧒𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐣𑐶𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
* ନିଦ୍ରା (Odia script)
* ꢥꢶꢣ꣄ꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆤𑆴𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖡𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
* නිද්‍රා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩯𑩑𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚝𑚮𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
* நித்³ரா (Tamil script)
* నిద్రా (Telugu script)
* นิทฺรา (Thai script)
* ནི་དྲཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒢𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨝𑨁𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ni-dreh₂-éh₂, from *h₁ni (“down”) + *dreh₂- (“to sleep”), a variant of *drem-. Compare Old Armenian նիրհ (nirh) (a borrowing from Iranian), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō), Latin dormiō. See also नि (ní) and द्रायति (drā́yati).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /nid.ɾɑ́ː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /n̪id̪.ɾɑː/

### Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā́) stem, f
* sleep, slumber
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.14:त्राता॑रो देवा॒ अधि॑ वोचता नो॒ मा नो॑ नि॒द्रा ई॑शत॒ मोत जल्पिः॑। व॒यं सोम॑स्य वि॒श्वह॑ प्रि॒यासः॑ सु॒वीरा॑सो वि॒दथ॒मा व॑देम॥trā́tāro devā ádhi vocatā no mā́ no nidrā́ īśata mótá jálpiḥ. vayáṃ sómasya viśváha priyā́saḥ suvī́rāso vidáthamā́ vadema.Give us your blessing, O ye Gods’ preservers. Never may sleep or idle talk control us. But evermore may we, as friends of Soma, speak to the synod with brave sons around us.

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Torwali: نین (nīn)
* Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā) (see there for further descendants)
* → Kannada: ನಿದ್ರೆ (nidre)
* → Tamil: நித்திரை (nittirai)
* → Thai: นิทรา (nít-traa)

### Root

निद्रा • (nidrā)
* to sleep

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* निद्राति (nidrāti, Present)

##### Secondary Forms

* निद्रायति (nidrāyati, Causative)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* निद्रायते (nidrāyate)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “निद्रा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 548/2.