# 餌

| 餌 | U+990C, &#39180; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-990C |
| ← 餋 [U+990B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 餍 → [U+990D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

餌 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+6, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人戈尸十 (OISJ), four-corner 8174$_0$, composition ⿰飠耳)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1419, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44146
* Dae Jaweon: page 1944, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4449, character 13
* Unihan data for U+990C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 餌
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 佴 | *nɯːs, *njɯs |
| 麛 | *miː |
| 弭 | *mniʔ |
| 渳 | *mniʔ |
| 葞 | *mniʔ |
| 髶 | *njis, *njoŋ |
| 聻 | *nɯʔ |
| 恥 | *n̥ʰɯʔ |
| 咡 | *njɯ, *njɯs |
| 誀 | *njɯ, *njɯs |
| 耳 | *njɯʔ |
| 洱 | *njɯʔ, *njɯs |
| 駬 | *njɯʔ |
| 餌 | *njɯs |
| 珥 | *njɯs |
| 衈 | *njɯs |
| 毦 | *njɯs |
| 刵 | *njɯs |
| 眲 | *njɯs, *rnɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯs): semantic 食 (“to eat”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ).

### Etymology

An area word. Compare Khmer នុយ (nuy, “bait; lure (especially for catching fish)”), Thai เหยื่อ (yʉ̀ʉa, “bait”) (Schuelsser, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěr (er$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nei$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngí
* Eastern Min (BUC): né
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ni$^4$ / zi$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lī / jī / ní / jíⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ri$^7$ / re$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gher
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$
*** Yale: ěr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
*** Palladius: эр (er)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nei$^6$
*** Yale: neih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: néi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nei̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngí
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: né
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡɛi²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ni$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ni̍
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁴²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cî
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³²/
* ni4 - vernacular;
* zi3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nyiH
Rime :
| Character | 餌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 仍吏切 |
| Baxter | nyiH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | èr |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.]nə(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 餌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ěr |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.]nə(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | bait |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 餌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2786 |
| Phonetic component | 耳 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 餌 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯs/ |

### Definitions

餌
* food made of rice dough
* food
* medicine
* to eat
* to feed
* bait (either for fish or for other animals)
* to lure

### Compounds

* 以狸餌鼠 / 以狸饵鼠
* 抑威餌敵 / 抑威饵敌
* 服餌 / 服饵
* 果餌 / 果饵
* 毒餌 / 毒饵 (dú'ěr)
* 祿餌 / 禄饵
* 芳餌 / 芳饵
* 藥餌 / 药饵 (yào'ěr)
* 虜餌 / 虏饵
* 誘餌 / 诱饵 (yòu'ěr)
* 針餌莫減 / 针饵莫减
* 釣餌 / 钓饵 (diào'ěr)
* 餌名釣祿 / 饵名钓禄
* 餌料生物 / 饵料生物
* 餌藥 / 饵药
* 餌誘 / 饵诱 (ěryòu)
* 餌釣 / 饵钓
* 餅餌 / 饼饵 (bǐng'ěr)
* 香餌 / 香饵
* 魚餌 / 鱼饵 (yú'ěr)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “饵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: に (ni)
* Kan-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
* Kun: えさ (esa, 餌, Jōyō)、え (e, 餌, Jōyō)、もち (mochi)

#### Compounds

* 好餌(こうじ) (kōji)
* 給餌(きゅうじ) (kyūji)
* 擬餌(ぎじ) (giji)
* 索餌(さくじ) (sakuji)
* 食餌(しょくじ) (shokuji)
* 薬餌(やくじ) (yakuji)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 餌
* えさ Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えさ [èsáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) えさ [èsá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [e̞sa̠]

#### Noun

餌(えさ) • (esa)
* animal food, feed
    犬(いぬ)に毎日(まいにち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。
       Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
       Please feed the dog every day.
    トンビにエサをあたえないでください。
       Tonbi ni esa o ataenaide kudasai.
       Please do not feed the black kites.
       (literally, “Please do not give food to the black kites.”)
* bait

##### Derived terms

* 餌場(えさば) (esaba, “feeding grounds”)
* 餌箱(えさばこ) (esabako, “the feed tray of an animal, a feed trough, a feed box; a bait box”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 餌
* え Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) え [éꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [e̞]

#### Noun

餌(え) • (e)
* animal food, feed
* bait

##### Derived terms

* 餌食(えじき) (ejiki)
* 餌壷(えつぼ) (etsubo)
* 餌付(えづ)く (ezuku)
* 餌袋(えぶくろ) (ebukuro)
* 擂(す)り餌(え) (surie)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

餌 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

餌: Hán Nôm readings: nhị, nhĩ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.