# 矯

| 矯 | U+77EF, &#30703; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77EF |
| ← 矮 [U+77EE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 矰 → [U+77F0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

矯 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人大竹大月 (OKHKB), four-corner 8242$_7$, composition ⿰矢喬)

#### Derived characters

* 𪢤, 𢹣, 𨙍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 825, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24015
* Dae Jaweon: page 1238, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2586, character 13
* Unihan data for U+77EF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矯 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 驕 | *krew |
| 嬌 | *krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew |
| 憍 | *krew, *kʰrew |
| 穚 | *krew |
| 鷮 | *krew, *ɡrew |
| 蕎 | *krew, *ɡrew |
| 喬 | *krew, *ɡrew |
| 簥 | *krew |
| 撟 | *krew, *krewʔ |
| 矯 | *krewʔ |
| 鱎 | *krewʔ |
| 敽 | *krewʔ |
| 蟜 | *krewʔ, *ɡrew |
| 譑 | *krewʔ, *kʰews |
| 蹻 | *krewʔ, *kʰew, *ɡrew, *kewɢ, *ɡewɢ |
| 繑 | *kʰew |
| 鞽 | *kʰrew |
| 趫 | *kʰrew, *ɡrew |
| 嘺 | *ɡew |
| 橋 | *ɡrew |
| 僑 | *ɡrew |
| 鐈 | *ɡrew |
| 毊 | *ɡrew, *qʰrew |
| 轎 | *ɡrew, *ɡrews |
| 嶠 | *ɡrews |
| 獢 | *qʰrew |
| 屩 | *kewɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krewʔ): semantic 矢 (“arrow”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew): to straighten; to make as straight as an arrow shaft.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎo (jiao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): giu$^2$ / kiu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiéu
    (Hailu, HRS): giau$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giēu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieo$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiáu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giou$^2$, giao$^2$, gieu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeau
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: giu$^2$ / kiu$^2$
*** Yale: gíu / kíu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: giu$^2$ / kiu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: giu$^2$ / kiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːu̯³⁵/, /kʰiːu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giau$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiau²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giēu
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáu
*** Tâi-lô: kiáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giou$^2$, giao$^2$, gieu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kióu, kiáu, kiṳ́u
*** Sinological IPA : /kiou⁵² kiau⁵² kiɯu⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: kjewX
Rime :
| Character | 矯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居夭切 |
| Baxter | kjewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiᴇu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiɛu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kjɛu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | giu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[a]wʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krewʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 矯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjew$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k](r)[a]wʔ/ |
| English | falsify |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 矯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10335 |
| Phonetic component | 喬 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 矯 |
| Old Chinese | /*krewʔ/ |

### Definitions

矯
* to correct; to rectify; to straighten out
    矯正／矫正 ― jiǎozhèng ― to correct
    矯枉過正／矫枉过正 ― jiǎowǎngguòzhèng ― to overcorrect
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Jīn tiānxià duànjiǎ mójiàn, jiǎojiàn kòngxián, zhuǎnshū jūnliáng, wèi jiàn xiū shí, cǐ tiānxià suǒ gòng yōu yě. [Pinyin]
    Now, everyone is busy forging armours, sharpening swords, straightening arrows, drawing bowstrings, or transporting military provisions. Nobody has had any rest, and everyone is troubled by this.
* to pretend; to falsify; to fake; to forge
    矯制／矫制 ― jiǎozhì ― to falsify a government order
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Wèiwáng nù gōngzǐ zhī dào qí bīngfú, jiǎo shā Jìn Bǐ, gōngzǐ yì zìzhī yě. [Pinyin]
    The King of Wei was angry with the prince who had stole his token of command and killed Jin Bi by false order, which the prince himself understood well.
* to be pretentious; to be artificial with manners, emotions, etc.
    矯揉造作／矫揉造作 ― jiǎoróuzàozuò ― to act in a pretentious manner
* strong; powerful
    矯捷／矫捷 ― jiǎojié ― strong and agile
    From: c. late 1st century BCE, Yang Xiong (揚雄), Retort to Ridicules (《解嘲》)
    Jiǎoyì lìhé, zìyì suǒcún. [Pinyin]
    Their wings forceful, their quills tidy, They act on whims, no matter where.
* a surname

### Compounds

* 企足矯首 / 企足矫首
* 夭矯 / 夭矫
* 夭矯離奇 / 夭矫离奇
* 拿矯 / 拿矫
* 曲心矯肚 / 曲心矫肚
* 矯世 / 矫世
* 矯世勵俗 / 矫世励俗
* 矯世變俗 / 矫世变俗
* 矯亢 / 矫亢
* 矯作 / 矫作
* 矯俗 / 矫俗
* 矯健 / 矫健 (jiǎojiàn)
* 矯制 / 矫制
* 矯厲 / 矫厉
* 矯命 / 矫命
* 矯孑 / 矫孑
* 矯形 / 矫形 (jiǎoxíng)
* 矯情 / 矫情
* 矯情干譽 / 矫情干誉
* 矯情立異 / 矫情立异
* 矯情自飾 / 矫情自饰
* 矯情鎮物 / 矫情镇物
* 矯情飾行 / 矫情饰行
* 矯情飾詐 / 矫情饰诈
* 矯情飾貌 / 矫情饰貌
* 矯捷 / 矫捷 (jiǎojié)
* 矯揉 / 矫揉
* 矯揉造作 / 矫揉造作 (jiǎoróuzàozuò)
* 矯枉過正 / 矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng)
* 矯枉過直 / 矫枉过直
* 矯正 / 矫正 (jiǎozhèng)
* 矯正處分 / 矫正处分
* 矯治 / 矫治 (jiǎozhì)
* 矯激奇詭 / 矫激奇诡
* 矯矯 / 矫矫
* 矯矯不群 / 矫矫不群
* 矯若游龍 / 矫若游龙
* 矯若遊龍 / 矫若游龙
* 矯若驚龍 / 矫若惊龙
* 矯虔 / 矫虔
* 矯言偽行 / 矫言伪行
* 矯託 / 矫托
* 矯詔 / 矫诏 (jiǎozhào)
* 矯誣 / 矫诬
* 矯誕 / 矫诞
* 矯邪歸正 / 矫邪归正
* 矯飾 / 矫饰 (jiǎoshì)
* 矯飾偽行 / 矫饰伪行
* 矯首 / 矫首
* 身手矯捷 / 身手矫捷

### References

* “矯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* rectify
* straighten
* correct
* reform
* cure
* control
* pretend
* falsify

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ためる (tameru, 矯める, Jōyō)、いつわる (itsuwaru, 矯る)

## Korean
### Hanja

矯 (eumhun 바로잡을 교 (barojabeul gyo))
* hanja form of 교 (“correct, rectify, straighten out”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

矯: Hán Nôm readings: kiểu, kẻo, kẽo, khéo, kéo, kĩu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.