OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dægberht
## Old English
### Etymology

From Old English dæġ (“day”) and berht (“bright, clear”). Cognate with Frankish *Dagoberaht (Dagobert).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdæjˌberxt/, [ˈdæjˌberˠxt]

### Proper noun

Dæġberht m
* a male given name

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

### References

* Electronic Sawyer S 1204 (Cialwulf to Eanmund; grant of land in Canterbury, in return for 120 silver pence; with added note of a purchase by Æthelhere in A.D. 888), Dægberht is mentioned as "Deibearht" in the text and old text sections.
* Electronic Sawyer S 296 (Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Badanoth, his apparitor; grant of land near Canterbury, in return for 15 mancuses of gold), Dægberht is mentioned as "Degberht" in the text and old text sections.
# -tiʼ
## Navajo
### Stem

-tiʼ
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -TIʼ (talk) CON -TIʼ (talk) -TIʼ (talk) -TIʼ (talk)
# तुल्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* তুল্ (Assamese script)
* ᬢᬸᬮ᭄ (Balinese script)
* তুল্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰝𑰲𑰩𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀢𑀼𑀮𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* တုလ် (Burmese script)
* તુલ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਤੁਲ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌤𑍁𑌲𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦠꦸꦭ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂞𑂳𑂪𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ತುಲ್ (Kannada script)
* តុល៑ (Khmer script)
* ຕຸລ຺ (Lao script)
* തുല് (Malayalam script)
* ᢠᡠᠯ (Manchu script)
* 𑘝𑘳𑘩𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᢐᠤᠯ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦽𑧔𑧉𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐟𑐸𑐮𑑂 (Newa script)
* ତୁଲ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢡꢸꢭ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆠𑆶𑆬𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖝𑖲𑖩𑖿 (Siddham script)
* තුල් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩫𑩒𑩽 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚙𑚰𑚥𑚶 (Takri script)
* துல் (Tamil script)
* తుల్ (Telugu script)
* ตุลฺ (Thai script)
* ཏུ་ལ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒞𑒳𑒪𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨙𑨃𑨬𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, undergo, endure”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek τᾰ́λαντον (tắlanton, “balance, scale”) whence English talent, Latin tolerō (“bear, endure”) whence English tolerate. Further possible cognates include Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas, “the 'bearer' of heaven”) and therefore Ἀτλαντίς (Atlantís).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /tul/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /t̪ul̪/

### Root

तुल् • (tul)
* to lift up, raise
* to determine the weight of something by lifting it up
* to compare by weighing
* to make equal in weight, compare

#### Derived terms

* तुलयति (tulayati)
* तुला (tulā́, “scales, weight”)
* तुल्य (tulya, “to be weighted, comparable”)
* तोलयति (tolayati)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “तुल्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0451.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “तुल्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 064
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “तुल्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 405
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1060”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1060
# vyzáblý
## Czech
### Etymology

From vyzábnout +‎ -lý, from zábst/zábnout (“to be cold”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪzaːbliː]

### Adjective

vyzáblý (comparative vyzáblejší, superlative nejvyzáblejší, adverb vyzáble)
* emaciated
    Synonyms: vyhublý, vychrtlý

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “vyzáblý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vyzáblý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vyzáblý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# Bagni
## Italian
### Etymology

From bagni (“baths”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaɲ.ɲi/
* Homophone: bagni
* Rhymes: -aɲɲi
* Hyphenation: Bà‧gni

### Proper noun

Bagni m
* Bagni (a frazione in Nocera Umbra, Perugia, Umbria, Italy)
* Bagni (a stream in Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy)

#### Related terms

* Agnone Bagni
* Bagni di Contursi
* Bagni di Craveggia
* Bagni di Lucca
* Bagni di Lusnizza
* Bagni di Montecatini
* Bagni di Viterbo
* Bagni San Filippo
* Canicattini Bagni
* Lesignano de' Bagni
* San Casciano dei Bagni
* Sclafani Bagni

### Proper noun

Bagni m or f by sense
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Bagni in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
# palmarosa
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

palmarosa (countable and uncountable, plural palmarosas)
* A plant related to lemongrass, but with a rose fragrance, of species Cymbopogon martini.
    Synonyms: ginger grass, motia grass, rosha grass, rusa grass, sofia grass
* (uncountable) Essential oil obtained from this plant, used in perfume.

### References

* palmarosa on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Cymbopogon martini on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Cymbopogon martini on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Anagrams

* parasomal
# timliga
## Swedish
### Adjective

timliga
* inflection of timlig:
** definite singular
** plural
# -tsą́
## Navajo
### Stem

-tsą́
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -TSĄ́ (see) DIS -TSĄ́ (see) NEU -TSĄĄD (pregnant)
# side-saddle flowers
## English
### Noun

side-saddle flowers
* plural of side-saddle flower
# 則紐
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Taishan, Wiktionary): dak$^2$ niu$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dak$^2$ niu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tak̚⁵⁵ ⁿdiu⁵⁵/

### Noun

則紐
* (Taishanese) snap fastener; popper

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 子母扣, 按扣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 摁扣兒, 子母扣兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 摁扣兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 按扣兒, 摁扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 子母扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 按扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 按扣兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 按扣兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 按扣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 按扣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 夾扣, 按扣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 捺扣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 捺紐, 撳紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啪紐, 喼紐 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 啪紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 啪紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 啪紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 啪紐 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 則紐 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 夾紐 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 夾紐 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 啪紐 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 啪紐 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 紐扣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 壓扣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 搭扣 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 公婆扣子, 公婆紐子, 搭扣 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 啪紐 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 搭紐 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 落扣 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 噼噼仔 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鬥紐 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鬥紐 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鬥紐, 合紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鬥仔 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 抶紐 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 抶紐 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 抶紐 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 及紐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 撳紐 |
| Wu | Danyang | 捺子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 撳紐 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 撳紐 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 捺鈕, 鉛鈕 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 撳紐 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 按扣 |
# buku hitam
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of buku (“book”) +‎ hitam (“black”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌbu.ku ˈhi.tam/, [ˌbu.ku ˈhi.t̪am]

### Noun

buku hitam (plural buku-buku hitam)
* (literally) book with black cover
* black book: a book containing a blacklist (entry)

### Further reading

* “buku hitam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# momentane
## English
### Etymology

From Latin momentaneus. Doublet of momentaneous.

### Adjective

momentane (comparative more momentane, superlative most momentane)
* (obsolete) Momentary.
** 1570, Thomas Whittell, The first (second) volume of the ecclesiasticall history, London: […] Iohn Daye, page 2022, column 1:The momentane afflictions of this lyfe are not woꝛthy of the gloꝛy that ſhall be ſhewed vpon vs.

### Noun

momentane (uncountable)
* (grammar) In Finnish and Navajo, a verb aspect indicating that an occurrence is sudden and short-lived.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “momentane, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

## Danish
### Adjective

momentane
* definite/plural of momentan

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

momentane
* inflection of momentan:
** strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
** strong nominative/accusative plural
** weak nominative all-gender singular
** weak accusative feminine/neuter singular
# おき
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 沖 澳
⟨oki$_1$⟩ → /oki/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE. Cognate with 奥 (oku, “inner, inside”).
The kanji spelling 沖 appears to be a reanalysis of the Chinese character based on its components of 氵 (“water”) and 中 (“center, in the middle of”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おき [òkí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞kʲi]

#### Noun

おき • (oki)
* open sea

#### Proper noun

おき • (Oki)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Alternative spelling
* 置き

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞kʲi]

#### Verb

おき • (oki)
* stem or continuative form of おく (oku) [godan]

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 襷

| 襷 | U+8977, &#35191; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8977 |
| ← 襶 [U+8976] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 襸 → [U+8978] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 襷 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𧜎 |
| Simplified | ⿰衤举 |

### Han character

襷 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+18, 24 strokes, cangjie input 中竹金手 (LHCQ), composition ⿰衤擧)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1127, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34737
* Dae Jaweon: page 1594, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3122, character 8
* Unihan data for U+8977

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𧜎 |
| Print standard | 襷 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𧜎)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Kun: たすき (tasuki, 襷)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 襷
* たすき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 𧜎 手繦
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たすき [tàsúkí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) たすき [tàsúkíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [ta̠sɨkʲi]

### Noun

襷(たすき) • (tasuki)
* cord used to tie back the sleeves of Japanese clothing.
* cord used to tie back the sleeves of Japanese children's clothing
* a sash worn diagonally across the body
* (archaic, Shinto) a shoulder-tied cord, to mark one's purification to serve the gods
* the kanji component 丿 in characters such as 戈
* (historical) Synonym of 戈旁 (hoko-zukuri, “the kanji radical 戈”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# -tsʼǫ́ǫ́d
## Navajo
### Stem

-tsʼǫ́ǫ́d
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -TSʼǪ́Ǫ́D (stretch)
# πράδδω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *prā́ťťō, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti, a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prád.dɔː/ → /ˈprað.ðo/ → /ˈpra.ðo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /prád.dɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈprad.do/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈprað.ðo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈprað.ðo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpra.ðo/

### Verb

πράδδω • (práddō)
* Cretan form of πράσσω (prássō)
** Law Code of Gortyn 1.35:ἐ̄̑ δέ κα καταδικάκσει ὀ δικαστάς, ἐνιαυτο̄̑ι πράδδεθθαι τὰ τρίτρα ἒ̄ μεῖον, πλίον δὲ με̄́· το̄̑ δὲ κρόνο̄ τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρίνεν.ē̑ dé ka katadikáksei o dikastás, eniautō̑i práddeththai tà trítra è̄ meîon, plíon dè mḗ; tō̑ dè krónō tòn dikastàn omnúnta krínen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

The only attested form is πράδδεθθαι (práddeththai).

### References

* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρᾱ́σσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1229-1230
* R. F. Willetts (1961) “Leg. Gort. 1. 35-55”, in The Classical Quarterly‎ (in Ancient Greek), volume 11, number 1, →ISSN, pages 55–60
# níu
## Asturian
### Noun

níu m (plural níos)
* Alternative form of nieru

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse níu (“nine”), from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Danish ni, Faroese níggju, Norwegian ni, Swedish nio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈniːjʏ]
    Rhymes: -iːjʏ
    Homophone: nýju

### Numeral

níu (indeclinable)
* nine

#### Derived terms

* nía (noun)

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* nío

### Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᚾᛁᚢ (niu), from Proto-Germanic *newun (“nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”). Cognate with Old English niġon, Old Frisian nigun, Old Saxon nigun, Old High German niun, Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun).

### Numeral

níu
* (cardinal number) nine

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: níu
* Faroese: níggju
* Norn: ni
* Norwegian Nynorsk: ni, nio, nie; (dialectal) niu
* Elfdalian: niu
* Old Swedish: nīo
** Swedish: nio
* Old Danish: ni
** Danish: ni
** Norwegian Bokmål: ni
* Gutnish: nei, neie, näiu, neiå

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “níu”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 314; also available at the Internet Archive

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Probably connected to giữ via an affixed form

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [niw˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [niw˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [niw˦˥]

### Verb

níu • (𫼩)
* to grab and pull; to pull back

#### Derived terms

* níu áo
* níu giữ
* níu kéo
* trì níu
# հարցեր
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hɑɾˈt͡sʰeɾ/, [hɑɾt͡sʰéɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hɑɾˈt͡seɾ/, [hɑɾt͡sʰéɾ]

### Noun

հարցեր • (harcʻer)
* nominative plural of հարց (harcʻ)
# vinolency
## English
### Etymology

From Latin vinolentina. See vinolent.

### Noun

vinolency (uncountable)
* (obsolete) Drunkenness.

### References

* “vinolency”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# hīru
## Japanese
### Romanization

hīru
* Rōmaji transcription of ひいる
# mornal
## Galician
### Etymology

From a hypothetical *morenal: compare Galician morea (“heap”), from *morena, and Spanish morena.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moɾˈnal/

### Noun

mornal m (plural mornais)
* ordered heap made with bundles of cereal
    Synonym: meda

#### Related terms

* morea

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mornal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mornal”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mornal”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
# slynout
## Czech
### Etymology

Created during the Czech National Revival from slout on the basis of plout and plynout.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈslɪnou̯t]

### Verb

slynout impf
* (literary or archaic) to be known for
    Synonym: slout
    Slyne krásou a moudrostí.She is known for her beauty and wisdom.
** 1931, Vladislav Vančura, Markéta Lazarová:Slynul nebázní a poslouchal jenom krále.He was known for fearlessness and listened only to the king.

#### Conjugation

infinitive
slynout, slynouti
active adjective
slynoucí
verbal noun
slynutí
passive adjective
present formsindicativeimperative
singularpluralsingularplural
1st person
slynuslyneme—slyňme
2nd person
slynešslyneteslyňslyňte
3rd person
slyneslynou——
The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive slynout.
participlespast participlespassive participles
singularpluralsingularplural
masculine animate
slynulslynuli——
masculine inanimate
slynuly—
feminine
slynula—
neuter
slynuloslynula——
transgressives
present
past
masculine singular
slyna—
feminine + neuter singular
slynouc—
plural
slynouce— :

### Further reading

* “slynouti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “slynouti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “slynout”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# -tłʼiʼ
## Navajo
### Stem

-tłʼiʼ
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -TŁʼÍÍD
# Esquel
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tehuelche [Term?]. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈkel/ [esˈkel]
* Rhymes: -el
* Syllabification: Es‧quel

### Proper noun

Esquel ?
* A city in Chubut, Argentina

### Further reading

* Esquel on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
# ለበዳ
## Tigrinya
### Noun

ለበዳ • (läbäda)
* pestilence, plague, epidemic, pandemic

### References

Yaroslav Gutgarts, Filip Busau (2022) Tigrinisch-Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN
# ludification
## English
### Etymology

From Latin ludificatio, from ludificare (“to make sport of”), from ludus (“sport”) + -ficare (“to make”, in comparative). See -fy.

### Noun

ludification (countable and uncountable, plural ludifications)
* Derision; mockery.
* The process of ludifying; the process of making something playful or converting something into a game.
    Synonym: gamification
** 2014, Harald Warmelink, Online Gaming and Playful Organization, page 184:As such, ludification of culture is first and foremost a philosophy.
** 2020, Bo Kampmann Walther, Lasse Juel Larsen, “Gamification and Beyond: The Case of Ludification”, in Iza Marfisi-Schottman, Francesco Bellotti, Ludovic Hamon, editor, Games and Learning Alliance, page 123:Although ludification ties in with both gamification and the concept and practice of transmedia it possesses unique characteristics and qualities of its own, primarily evolving around playful ways of creating and interacting with stories.
** 2021, Ingrid Richardson, Larissa Hjorth, Hugh Davies, Understanding Games and Game Cultures, page 1871:In this section, we explore the overlaps and distinctions between ludification and gamification in the rise of playful media, with a specific focus upon the effects of play and games upon contemporary social and media practices.
# среде
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Fossilized locative case of среда́ (sredá, “middle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [srɛˈdɛ]

### Preposition

среде́ • (sredé) (obsolete)
* in the middle of, amidst
    среде земи ― srede zemi ― in the centre of the Earth

#### Alternative forms

* сред (sred) — fossilized plural genitive
* среду́ (sredú) — fossilized dual locative

### References

* Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “срѣдѣ́”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 247
* “срѣдѣ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsrɛdɛ]

### Preposition

среде • (srede)
* in the middle of, amid
    Synonym: насред (nasred)

#### Alternative forms

* сред (sred)

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [srʲɪˈdʲe]

### Noun

среде́ • (sredé) f inan
* dative/prepositional singular of среда́ (sredá)
# ஐயர்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Pali ayya, ultimately from Sanskrit आर्य (ārya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aijaɾ/

### Noun

ஐயர் • (aiyar)
* plural of ஐயன் (aiyaṉ)
* priest, sage
* a noble man
* a surname
* a caste
    Coordinate term: ஐயங்கார் (aiyaṅkār)

#### Declension

This plural form can also be used as an honorific singular.

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “ஐயர்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Unknown. Similar in meaning to 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vaḍḍha, “old, great, mighty”), though the loss in aspiration is irregular and raises doubt. Sanskrit वड्र (vaḍra) is derived from Prakrit.

### Adjective

𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟 (vaḍḍa) (Devanagari वड्ड)
* big

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭𑀕 (vaḍḍattharaga, “saddle, seat on camel's back”)
* 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀡 (vaḍḍattaṇa, “largeness”)
* 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀡 (vaḍḍappaṇa, “largeness”)
* 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀬𑀭 (vaḍḍayara, “bigger”)

#### Descendants

* Central Indo-Aryan:
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: बड़ा (baṛā)
    Urdu: بڑا (baṛā)
* Eastern Indo-Aryan:
** Assamese: বৰ (bor)
** Bengali: বড় (boṛ), বড্ড (boḍḍo)
** Odia: ବଡ଼ (baṛa)
** Sylheti: ꠛꠠꠧ (boṛo)
* Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
** Kachchi: વડો (vaḍo)
** Kholosi: vazzo
** Punjabi: ਵੱਡਾ / وَڈّا (vaḍḍā)
** Sindhi: وڏو (vad̤o)
* Southern Indo-Aryan:
** Dhivehi: ބޮޑު (boḍu)
** ⇒ Konkani: व्होड्लें (vhoḍlê)
** ⇒ Marathi: वडील (vaḍīl)
* Western Indo-Aryan:
** Romani: baro
*** Angloromani: baro, barri, bawla, bawro, bora, bori, borri, borro, bowro
*** Caló: baró
*** Erromintxela: baro
*** Traveller Norwegian: baro
* → Sanskrit: वड्र (vaḍra)

### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “वड्ड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vaḍra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 130
# -yaʼ
## Navajo
### Stem

-yaʼ
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -YÁ (go)