OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ポㇰナシㇼ
## Ainu
### Noun

ポㇰナシㇼ • (poknasir)
* the other world
* hades
* hell

#### Synonyms

* ポㇰナモシㇼ (“the underworld, the world of the dead”)

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
# flladita
## Albanian
### Verb

flladita
* first-person singular aorist of flladit
# scove
## English
### Noun

scove
* (UK, dialect, Cornwall, mining) Rich, pure tin ore.

### Verb

scove (third-person singular simple present scoves, present participle scoving, simple past and past participle scoved)
* (transitive) To cover with clay so as to prevent the escape of heat in burning.

### Anagrams

* coves

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin scōpa.

### Noun

scove f (plural scovis)
* broom

#### Synonyms

* balai

#### Related terms

* scovâ

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* scou, chou, shoffe, shofte

### Etymology

From schoven.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃuv(ə)/

### Noun

scove (plural scoves)
* push, shove
* onset, attack

#### Descendants

* English: shove
* Yola: keowe, kewe, khow

#### References

* “shǒuve, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
# பிணவு
## Tamil
### Etymology

Derived from Proto-Dravidian *peṇ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /piɳaʋɯ/

### Noun

பிணவு • (piṇavu)
* Poetic form of பிணவல் (piṇaval)
# tiżgħaru
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɪˈzaː.ru/
** IPA: /tɪˈzaˤː.ru/ (archaic)
** IPA: /tɪzˈɣaː.ru/ (archaic, rustic)

### Verb

tiżgħaru
* second-person plural imperfect of żgħar
# Shudra
## English
### Alternative forms

* Sudra, Súdra
* Shoodur, Shuddery, Soora, Soodra, Sooder, Soudra (archaic)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शूद्र (śūdra).

### Noun

Shudra (plural Shudras)
* A member of the Hindu varna (caste) of workers.
** 1951 October, Helen Mayer Hacker, “Women as Minority Group”, in Howard W. Odum, Katherine Jocher, editors, Social Forces, volume 30, number 1, Williams & Wilkins, →DOI, page 60:A Sudra knows that his lot in life has been cast by divine fiat, and he does not expect the perquisites of a Brahmin.

#### Related terms

* shudra

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Dahurs, Huards
# Port Macquarie
## English
### Etymology

Named by English explorer John Oxley after Lachlan Macquarie (1762–1824), the 5th Governor of New South Wales.

### Proper noun

Port Macquarie
* A city in New South Wales, Australia.

#### Derived terms

* Port Macquarie funnel-web spider
* Port Macquarie-Hastings
# gtg
## English
### Phrase

gtg
* (Internet) Initialism of good to go.
* (Internet slang) Initialism of got to go (as a form of farewell).
    Synonyms: G2G, IGTG

#### See also

* brb

### Noun

gtg (plural gtgs)
* (Internet) Abbreviation of get-together.

### Anagrams

* GGT
# crudity
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French crudité, from Latin crūditās. By surface analysis, crude +‎ -ity. Doublet of crudité.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkɹuːdɪti/

### Noun

crudity (countable and uncountable, plural crudities)
* (uncountable) The state of being crude.
* (countable) A crude act or characteristic.
** 1889, Oscar Wilde, The Decay of Lying: An Observation:What Art really reveals to us is Nature's lack of design, her curious crudities, her extraordinary monotony, her absolutely unfinished condition.
** 2021 October 31, Colleen Long, “How ‘Let’s Go Brandon’ became code for insulting Joe Biden”, in AP News, Associated Press:Veteran GOP ad maker Jim Innocenzi had no qualms about the coded crudity, calling it “hilarious.”
* (obsolete, medicine) Indigestion; undigested food in the stomach; badly-concocted humours.
** 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Diet rectified in quantity”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 1, subsection 2, page 309:For there is no meat whatſoeuer, though otherwiſe wholeſome and good, but if it be vnſeaſonably taken, or immoderatly vſed, more then the ſtomack can well beare, will ingender crudity, and doe much harme.

#### Synonyms

* crudeness

#### Related terms

* crude
# பின்னை
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pinːai/

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

பின்னை • (piṉṉai)
* younger sister
* younger brother

##### Declension
#### Adverb

பின்னை • (piṉṉai)
* moreover, besides, furthermore
* after, afterwards

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

பின்னை • (piṉṉai)
* one of Krishna's consorts

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From புன்னை (puṉṉai).

#### Noun

பின்னை • (piṉṉai)
* mastwood
# tiegħu
## Maltese
### Etymology

ta’ +‎ -u

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɪː.jɔw/, /ˈtɪː.jaw/
* IPA: /ˈtɪː.əˤw/ (archaic)

### Determiner

tiegħu
* his
# slummification
## English
### Etymology

From slum +‎ -ification.

### Noun

slummification (uncountable)
* The process of an area or neighborhood becoming a slum.
** 1928 August, R. B. Suthers, “The Disappearance of Rural England”, in The Labour Magazine, volume 7, number 4, London: Trades Union Congress; Labour Party, page 172:There is an amusing side to this terrible threat to the countryside. So long as the uglification and slummification of England was confined to the industrial centres, few of the really best people troubled themselves.
** 1982, Günter Grass, translated by Ralph Manheim, Headbirths, or, The Germans Are Dying Out, New York, N.Y: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, →ISBN, page 73; translation of Kopfgeburten oder Die Deutschen sterben aus, Darmstadt, Neuwied: Hermann Luchterhand Verlag, 1980:“In its place, I ordain, an equivalent graduated tax will be levied for the benefit of the Third World countries. But not to build ungainly factories with. Certainly not! Priority will be given to agricultural development projects that will stop the flight from the land and the slummification of the cities.”
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:slummification.
# Redruth
## English
### Etymology

From Old Cornish Rhyd-ruth, meaning "red ford". Compare Cornish Resrudh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹəˈdɹuːθ/

### Proper noun

Redruth
* A town and civil parish with a town council in western Cornwall, England (OS grid ref SW7042).

#### Derived terms

* redruthite

### References

* Parish map

### Anagrams

* druther
# aratrum
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* arāter

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *arātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”) (with long ā by analogy to the related verb arō, arāre; the expected outcome would otherwise be *arĕtrum).
Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) +‎ -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”), Welsh aradr.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aˈraː.trum/, [äˈräːt̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /aˈra.trum/, [äˈräːt̪rum]

### Noun

arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension
* plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.497:tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātraIt was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen] (“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* arātrō

#### Related terms

* arātiō
* arātiuncula
* arātor
* arātōrius
* arātus
* arō

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: aratru, arat
** Megleno-Romanian: ărat
** Romanian: arat
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: aratro, (obsolete) arato
** Sicilian: aratu
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: aradre (obsolete), aladre, arada
** Franco-Provençal: arâro
** Occitan: araire
*** → Middle French: araire
**** French: araire
** Old French: arere
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: aladro, alatre (Belsetán), aladre (Biescas)
** Asturian: aladru, aráu
** Galician: arado
** Portuguese: arado
** Old Spanish: aradro
*** Spanish: arado
**** → Sardinian: aradu

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “arō, -āre (> Derivatives > arātrum)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55

### Further reading

* “aratrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “aratrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "aratrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* aratrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “aratrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “aratrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
# honeysuckle
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English honysokel, honisokel, honysocle, hunisuccle, perhaps an alteration of Middle English honysoke, honysouke (“honeysuckle”) (whence honeysuck), from Old English huniġsūce, huniġsūge (“honeysuckle”); equivalent to honey +‎ suck +‎ -le, or honeysuck +‎ -le.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhʌnɪsʌk(ə)l/
* (US) IPA: /ˈhʌniːsʌkəl/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

honeysuckle (countable and uncountable, plural honeysuckles)
* Any of the many species of arching shrubs and climbing vines of the genus Lonicera in the Caprifoliaceae family, many with sweet smelling, bell shaped flowers.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 56:There was nothing of that luxuriance of blossom which had hitherto clothed the wood, for there were no hawthorns; but the bog-myrtle imparted its tender fragrance, and the caressing honeysuckle wound round many an ancient trunk, odours exhaling from every fairy-like tube—fit trumpets for the heralds of Titania.
* Any of several species of superficially similar plants from Australia
** 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 169:Bothered by the conviction of making no impression on her, he pulled up at a strip of road shaded by tall spotted gums, blackbutt, and honeysuckle, and produced a packet of cigarettes. "About time for a smoke-O," he said, "Have a fag, Cora."
** Banksia aquilonia (northern banksia)
** Banksia integrifolia (coast banksia)
** Banksia marginata (silver banksia)
** Banksia serrata (red honeysuckle)
** Lambertia multiflora (many-flowered honeysuckle)

#### Derived terms

* bush honeysuckle
* Cape honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis)
* Chinese honeysuckle (Combretum indicum)
* common honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum)
* dwarf honeysuckle
* fly honeysuckle
* French honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium)
* glaucous honeysuckle
* goat-leaf honeysuckle (Lonicera caprifolium)
* gold-and-silver honeysuckle
* golden-and-silver honeysuckle
* green honeysuckle (Lambertia rariflora)
* hairy honeysuckle (Helicia ferruginea)
* Hall's honeysuckle
* Hall's Japanese honeysuckle
* Himalayan honeysuckle (Leycesteria formosa)
* honeysuckle bush (Triunia youngiana)
* honeysuckle oak (Banksia integrifolia)
* Italian honeysuckle (Lonicera caprifolium)
* Japanese honeysuckle
* kaffir honeysuckle
* limber honeysuckle
* many-flowered honeysuckle (Lambertia multiflora)
* native honeysuckle (Triunia youngiana)
* New Zealand honeysuckle (Knightia excelsa)
* red honeysuckle (Banksia serrata)
* silvery honeysuckle (Grevillea striata)
* small honeysuckle
* Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica)
* trumpet honeysuckle
* white honeysuckle (Banksia integrifolia)

#### See also

* woodbine
# friendshoring
## English
### Etymology

Blend of friend +‎ offshoring

### Noun

friendshoring (uncountable)
* (business, economics, finance, politics, diplomacy) The process of moving production to diplomatically friendly or allied foreign locations which have lower production costs.
** 2023 August 30, “What is “friendshoring”?”, in The Economist‎, →ISSN:Christine Lagarde, president of the European Central Bank (ECB), noted that the governments of Western countries are increasingly adopting industrial policies that promote “friendshoring” of strategic industries.

#### Hypernyms

* offshoring

#### Coordinate terms

* outsource (verb)
* outsourcing (noun)

#### Related terms

* friendly shore
* offshore (verb)

#### See also

* decoupling
* derisking
# பிரதிஷ்டை
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /piɾad̪iʂʈai/

### Noun

பிரதிஷ்டை • (piratiṣṭai) (plural பிரதிஷ்டைகள்)
* consecration, dedication
    Synonym: அர்ப்பணிப்பு (arppaṇippu)
# tiela'
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɪː.la/
* IPA: /ˈtɪː.laˤ/ (archaic)
* Homophone: tielgħa

### Participle

tiela’ (feminine tielgħa, plural telgħin)
* active participle of tela’: rising, climbing
# 通院
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 通 | 院 |
| つう Grade: 2 | いん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つういん [tsùúíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨːĩɴ]

### Noun

通(つう)院(いん) • (tsūin)
* regularly visiting a hospital for treatment, commuting to a hospital

#### Related terms

* 診(しん)察(さつ) (shinsatsu, “medical consultation”)
* 診(しん)断(だん) (shindan, “medical diagnosis”)
* 診(しん)療(りょう) (shinryō, “medical exam and treatment”)
* 受(じゅ)診(しん) (jushin, “seeing a doctor”)

### Verb

通(つう)院(いん)する • (tsūin suru) suru (stem 通(つう)院(いん)し (tsūin shi), past 通(つう)院(いん)した (tsūin shita))
* to regularly visit a hospital for treatment

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通院し | つういんし | tsūin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通院し | つういんし | tsūin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通院する | つういんする | tsūin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通院する | つういんする | tsūin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通院すれ | つういんすれ | tsūin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 通院せよ¹ 通院しろ² | つういんせよ¹ つういんしろ² | tsūin seyo¹ tsūin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 通院される | つういんされる | tsūin sareru |
| Causative | 通院させる 通院さす | つういんさせる つういんさす | tsūin saseru tsūin sasu |
| Potential | 通院できる | つういんできる | tsūin dekiru |
| Volitional | 通院しよう | つういんしよう | tsūin shiyō |
| Negative | 通院しない | つういんしない | tsūin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 通院せず | つういんせず | tsūin sezu |
| Formal | 通院します | つういんします | tsūin shimasu |
| Perfective | 通院した | つういんした | tsūin shita |
| Conjunctive | 通院して | つういんして | tsūin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 通院すれば | つういんすれば | tsūin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* Meaning of つういん in Japanese | RomajiDesu Japanese dictionary
* 通院, つういん, tsūin - Nihongo Master
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# sixty-four
## English
### Numeral

sixty-four
* The cardinal number immediately following sixty-three and preceding sixty-five.

#### Synonyms

* Arabic numerals: 64
* Roman numerals: LXIV

#### Derived terms

* sixty-four dollar question
* sixty-four thousand dollar question
# Calstone Wellington
## English
### Etymology

Recorded as Calestone in 1086 (DB), and Caulston Wellington in 1568, with manorial affix from the de Wilinton family of the 13th century.

### Proper noun

Calstone Wellington
* A small village in Calne Without parish, Wiltshire, England (OS grid ref SU0268).
# ghyll
## English
### Alternative forms

* gill

### Etymology

From Middle English gille, gylle, from Old Norse gil, from Proto-Germanic *gilją.

### Pronunciation

* Homophone: gill

### Noun

ghyll (plural ghylls)
* (Scotland, Northern England) A ravine.
# பிரம்மபுத்திரா
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मपुत्र (brahmaputra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /piɾamːabut̪ːiɾaː/

### Proper noun

பிரம்மபுத்திரா • (pirammaputtirā)
* Brahmaputra (a trans-boundary river flowing through India, Tibet and Bangladesh)
# κατάχρηση
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κατάχρησις (katákhrēsis).

### Noun

κατάχρηση • (katáchrisi) f (plural καταχρήσεις)
* abuse of power, alcohol, drugs, etc

#### Declension

Older or formal genitive singular: καταχρήσεως (katachríseos)

#### Related terms

* καταχραστής m (katachrastís), καταχράστρια f (katachrástria)
* καταχρηστικός (katachristikós)
* καταχρώμαι (katachrómai)

#### See also

* βρισιές f pl (vrisiés, “verbal abuse”)

### Further reading

* κατάχρηση, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# 違警
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéijǐng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéijǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéijǐng
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$-ching$^3$
*** Yale: wéi-jǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weijiing
*** Palladius: вэйцзин (vɛjczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Noun

違警
* (Taiwan, historical, criminal law) offences under 違警罰法 / 违警罚法, punishable by fines or administrative detention determined by the police

#### Usage notes

Usage became obsolete after the former legislation was replaced by the Social Order Maintenance Act (社會秩序維護法 / 社会秩序维护法).
# Indomalayan realm
## English
### Proper noun

Indomalayan realm
* (ecology, biogeography) One of the eight biogeographic realms, extending across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

#### Synonyms

* Oriental realm
* Oriental Region
# po myśli
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “according to [one's] thought”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ‿ˈmɘ.ɕli/
* Rhymes: -ɘɕli
* Syllabification: po‿my‧śli
* Homophone: pomyśli

### Preposition

po myśli (+ genitive)
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see po,‎ myśl.
* (idiomatic) (to go) one's way

### Further reading

* po myśli in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* po myśli in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Gewehrabzuges
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəˈveːɐ̯ˌapt͡suːɡəs]
* Hyphenation: Ge‧wehr‧ab‧zu‧ges

### Noun

Gewehrabzuges m
* genitive singular of Gewehrabzug
# moonee-muk
## Woiwurrung
### Noun

moonee-muk
* rap

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
# giare
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒa.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: già‧re

### Noun

giare f
* plural of giara

### Anagrams

* Graie, agire, egira, eriga, ragie, reagì, regia

## Manx
### Etymology

From Middle Irish gerr, from Proto-Celtic *gerros.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʲɛːr/

### Adjective

giare (plural giarrey, comparative s'girrey)
* short, brief
* compact, concise
* undersized

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# karibský
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkarɪpskiː]

### Adjective

karibský
* Caribbean

#### Related terms

* Karibik
* Karibské moře

### Further reading

* “karibský”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “karibský”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# tliegħeb
## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* tliegħab

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtlɪː.jɛp/, /ˈtlɪː.jap/
* IPA: /ˈtlɪː.əˤp/ (archaic)

### Verb

tliegħeb (imperfect jitliegħeb)
* to play around
# 雜菌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zájūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ ㄐㄩㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaap$^6$ kwan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zájūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ ㄐㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zájyun
*** Wade–Giles: tsa$^2$-chün$^1$
*** Yale: dzá-jyūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzarjiun
*** Palladius: цзацзюнь (czaczjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaap$^6$ kwan$^2$
*** Yale: jaahp kwán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap$^9$ kwan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zab$^6$ kuen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːp̚² kʷʰɐn³⁵/

#### Noun

雜菌
* (microbiology) contaminating microbes (usually unwanted in experiments)
       Shíyàn yàngpǐn bèi zájūn wūrǎn le. [Pinyin]
       The experimental sample was contaminated by miscellaneous microbes.

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zájùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ ㄐㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaap$^6$ kwan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zájùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ ㄐㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zájyùn
*** Wade–Giles: tsa$^2$-chün$^4$
*** Yale: dzá-jyùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzarjiunn
*** Palladius: цзацзюнь (czaczjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaap$^6$ kwan$^2$
*** Yale: jaahp kwán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap$^9$ kwan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zab$^6$ kuen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːp̚² kʷʰɐn³⁵/

#### Noun

雜菌
* (cooking) mixed edible fungi
# subsidy
## English
### Etymology

From Anglo-Norman subsidie, from Old French subside, from Latin subsidium (support, assistance), from subsido from sub- (“below”) +‎ sīdō (“sit”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈsʌbsɪdi/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

subsidy (countable and uncountable, plural subsidies)
* Financial support or assistance, such as a grant.
    Manufacturing firms are supported by government subsidies in some countries.
** 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
** 2022 January 12, Sir Michael Holden, “Reform of the workforce or death by a thousand cuts?”, in RAIL, number 948, page 22:You don't have to be Einstein to work out that this level of government subsidy is unsustainable.
* (dated) Money granted by parliament to the British Crown.

#### Antonyms

    The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
* tax

#### Derived terms

* cross-subsidy
* export subsidy
* spare room subsidy
* subsidy publisher

#### Related terms

* subside
* subsidence
* subsidiary
* subsidize, subsidise
# 酒氣
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box does not have a page created for it yet: "酒气".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǔqì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔqì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒucì
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^3$-chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: jyǒu-chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeouchih
*** Palladius: цзюци (czjuci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

### Noun

酒氣
* smell of alcohol (Classifier: 股 m)
# Gewehrabzugs
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəˈveːɐ̯ˌapt͡suːɡəs]
* Hyphenation: Ge‧wehr‧ab‧zu‧ges

### Noun

Gewehrabzugs m
* genitive singular of Gewehrabzug