# 日本
## Chinese

* 日本 (消歧義) (Written Standard Chinese)
* 日本 (Cantonese)
* 日本 (Classical)
* 日本 (Gan)
* 日本 (Hakka)
* 日本 (Eastern Min)
* 日本 (Southern Min)
* 日本 (Wu)

### Etymology

This appellation comes from imperial correspondence between the Chinese Sui Dynasty and Japan, and refers to the eastward position of Japan relative to China.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Rìběn
       (Zhuyin): ㄖˋ ㄅㄣˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): Жыбын (Řɨbɨn, III-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jat$^6$ bun$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngit$^5$ bon$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Ngi̍t-pún
    (Hailu, HRS): ngid bun$^ˊ$
* Jin (Wiktionary): reh$^4$ beng$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Nĭk-buōng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zih$^7$ bong$^3$ / zih$^7$ buong$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Ji̍t-pún / Li̍t-pún
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rig$^8$ bung$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$zeq-pen / $^8$zeq-pen$_3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Rìběn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄅㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Rìhběn
*** Wade–Giles: Jih$^4$-pên$^3$
*** Yale: R̀-běn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ryhbeen
*** Palladius: Жибэнь (Žibɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Жыбын (Řɨbɨn, III-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐ̩⁴⁴ pəŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jat$^6$ bun$^2$
*** Yale: yaht bún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jat$^9$ bun$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yed$^6$ bun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐt̚² puːn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngit$^5$ bon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡit̚³² pᵘɔn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngi̍t-pún
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngid bun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngid$^6$ bun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋit̚⁵ pun³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngid bun$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋit⁵⁻² pun²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: reh$^4$ beng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ pəŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Nĭk-buōng
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ puoŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zih$^7$ bong$^3$ [Phonetic: zih$^6$ bong$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Ci̍h-beông
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ⁴⁻¹ pɔŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zih$^7$ buong$^3$ [Phonetic: zih$^6$ buong$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ²⁴⁻² puoŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Kaohsiung, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ji̍t-pún
*** Tâi-lô: Ji̍t-pún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jidpuon
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ pun⁴²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pun⁵³/
*** IPA (Penang): /d͡zit̚⁴⁻³ pun⁴⁴⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍t-pún
*** Tâi-lô: Li̍t-pún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lidpuon
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rig$^8$ bung$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ji̍k púng
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zik̚⁴⁻² puŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-pen
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ pen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq-pen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ pən²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-pen$_3$
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ pen$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zəʔ²² pən⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: nyit pwonX
Rime :
| Character | 日 | 本 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 人質切 | 布忖切 |
| Baxter | nyit | pwonX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪt̚/ | /puən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵit̚/ | /puon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjet̚/ | /puən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵit̚/ | /pwən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiĕt̚/ | /puən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕt̚/ | /puən$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/ | /puən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rì | běn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jat$^6$ | bun$^2$ |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Northern Min”

### Proper noun

日本
* Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)
    日本電視劇／日本电视剧 ― Rìběn diànshìjù ― Japanese TV drama

#### Synonyms

* 11區 / 11区 (shíyī-qū) (Internet slang)
* 倭 (historical, now pejorative)
* 日 (abbreviation)
* 日本國 / 日本国 (Rìběnguó) (official)
* 東洋 / 东洋 (Dōngyáng) (archaic)
* 東瀛 / 东瀛 (Dōngyíng) (literary, poetic)
* 立本 (lìběn) (internet slang)
* 鄉下 / 乡下 (hoeng1 haa6-2) (Hong Kong Cantonese, humorous)
* 霓虹 (níhóng) (Internet slang)

#### Derived terms

* 大日本帝國 / 大日本帝国 (Dà Rìběn Dìguó)
* 小日本 (xiǎorìběn)
* 日本人 (rìběnrén)
* 日本刀 (Rìběndāo)
* 日本化 (rìběnhuà)
* 日本味精——未知數 / 日本味精——未知数
* 日本料理 (Rìběn liàolǐ)
* 日本暖流 (Rìběn Nuǎnliú)
* 日本狗獾
* 日本箏 / 日本筝 (Rìběnzhēng)
* 日本紫珠 (Rìběn zǐzhū)
* 日本腦炎 / 日本脑炎 (Rìběn nǎoyán)
* 日本血吸蟲 / 日本血吸虫 (Rìběn xuèxīchóng)
* 日本語 / 日本语 (Rìběnyǔ)
* 日本郵輪——遲早完 / 日本邮轮——迟早完
* 日本金龜子 / 日本金龟子 (rìběn jīnguīzǐ)
* 日本銀行 / 日本银行 (Rìběn Yínháng)
* 日本首相——左騰右騰 / 日本首相——左腾右腾
* 日本鬼子 (Rìběn guǐzi)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 日本(にほん) (Nihon); 日本(にっぽん) (Nippon); 日本(じっぽん) (Jippon)
* → Korean: 일본(日本) (Ilbon)
* → Vietnamese: Nhật Bản (日本)
Others:
* → Lao: ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ (nyī pun)
* → Malay: Jepang, Jepun (see there for further descendants)
* → Manchu: ᡰᡳ ᠪᡝᠨ (ži ben)
* → Thai: ญี่ปุ่น (yîi-bpùn)
* → Tibetan: ཇི་བེན (ji ben)
* → Wutunhua: reben
* → Zhuang: Yizbwnj

### See also

* 日劇／日剧 (rìjù)
* 日語／日语 (Rìyǔ)
* 日文 (Rìwén)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 日 | 本 |
| に Grade: 1 | ほん Grade: 1 |
| nanori | goon |
/nitɨpoɴ/ → /nip̚poɴ/ → /niɸoɴ/ → /nihoɴ/
Coined in Japan of Sinic elements, as compound of 日 (nichi, “sun”) +‎ 本 (hon, “origin”) and literally meaning "origin of the sun". The hon element was apparently pronounced /poɴ/ when first coined. Over time, the initial /p/ lenited, becoming /ɸ/ as shown in the Nifon entry in the 1603 Nippo Jisho ("Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary"). This then became the /h/ sound in modern Japanese.
In older texts, this was read as kun'yomi as 日の本 (Hinomoto). The on'yomi readings Nippon and Nihon became more common in the Heian period, with both persisting into modern use. The Nihon reading appears to be the most common in everyday Japanese usage.
This may be related to the famous letter from Prince Shōtoku to Emperor Yang of Sui sent via the Japanese mission to Sui China in 607, wherein we see the first mention of Japan as the Land of the Rising Sun, and a description of China as Land of the Setting Sun:
    日出處天子致書日沒處天子無恙云云 [Classical Chinese, trad.]日出处天子致书日没处天子无恙云云 [Classical Chinese, simp.]rì chū chù tiānzǐ zhìshū rì méi chù tiānzǐ wúyàng yúnyún [Pinyin]...the son of heaven of the land of the rising sun sends a letter to the son of heaven of the place where the sun sets, for good health and so on.
日出處 / 日出处 (literally “sun + emerge + place”) here refers to Japan, while 日沒處 / 日没处 (literally “sun + sink + place”) refers to China.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にほん [nìhóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɲ̟ihõ̞ɴ]
* Audio:(file)
* (Tokyo) Note: The word 日本 is Nakadaka, however, it is a word that becomes flat with の and is then pronounced as:
   * にほんの

#### Proper noun

日(に)本(ほん) • (Nihon)
* Short for 日本国 (Nihon-koku): Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 463:Nifon ニホン (日本) 日本.Nifon. Land of the rising sun.
* a surname

##### Derived terms

* 日(に)本(ほん)一(いち) (Nihon-ichi)
* 日(ニ)本(ホン)鰻(ウナギ) (Nihon unagi)
* 日(に)本(ほん)海(かい) (Nihonkai)
* 日(に)本(ほん)語(ご) (nihongo)
* 日(ニ)本(ホン)鹿(ジカ) (Nihon-jika)
* 日(に)本(ほん)時(じ)間(かん) (Nihon Jikan)
* 日(に)本(ほん)式(しき) (Nihon-shiki)
* 日(に)本(ほん)酒(しゅ) (nihonshu)
* 日(に)本(ほん)中(じゅう) (Nihon-jū)
* 日(に)本(ほん)書紀(しょき) (Nihon Shoki)
* 日(に)本(ほん)食(しょく) (Nihon-shoku)
* 日(に)本(ほん)人(じん) (nihonjin)
* 日(に)本(ほん)刀(とう) (nihontō)
* 日(に)本(ほん)標(ひょう)準(じゅん)時(じ) (Nihon Hyōjunji)
* 日(に)本(ほん)料(りょう)理(り) (Nihon ryōri)
* 北(きた)日(に)本(ほん) (Kita Nihon)
* 西(せい)南(なん)日(に)本(ほん) (Seinan Nihon)
* 大(だい)日(に)本(ほん) (Dai Nihon)
* 東(とう)北(ほく)日(に)本(ほん) (Tōhoku Nihon)
* 西(にし)日(に)本(ほん) (Nishi Nihon)
* 東(ひがし)日(に)本(ほん) (Higashi Nihon)
* 南(みなみ)日(に)本(ほん) (Minami Nihon)

##### Descendants

* → English: nihonium
** → Japanese: ニホニウム

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 日 | 本 |
| にち > にっ Grade: 1 | ほん > ぽん Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
/nitɨpoɴ/ → /nip̚poɴ/
Phonetic variant of Nihon above, maintaining the /p/ sound.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にっぽん [nìppóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɲ̟ip̚põ̞ɴ]
* Audio:(file)
* (Tokyo) Note: The word 日本 is Nakadaka, however, it is a word that becomes flat with の and is then pronounced as:
   * にっぽんの

#### Proper noun

日(にっ)本(ぽん) • (Nippon)
* Short for 日本国 (Nippon-koku, “Japan”).
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 466:Nippon ニッポン（日本） Fino moto. (日の本) 日本.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1998 November 30 [1990 November 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)とアニマル惑星(プラネット) [Nobita and the Animal Planet] (大長編ドラえもん; 10), 22nd edition, volume 10 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 27:
    ぼくらは日本(にっぽん)からきたんだけど…。ニッポン？きいたことない。
       Bokura wa Nippon kara kita n da kedo….
       We’re from Japan, by the way….
       Nippon? Kiita koto nai.
       Japan? I’ve never heard of that before.
* a surname

##### Usage notes

* Nippon is the official reading of 日本, although Nihon is also acknowledged.
* In everyday conversation, Nihon is more common.
* Politically, Nippon appears to be correlated with right-wing groups, and Nihon with left-wing groups.

##### Derived terms

* 日(にっ)本(ぽん)一(いち) (Nippon-ichi)
* 日(にっ)本(ぽん)語(ご) (Nippongo)
* 日(にっ)本(ぽん)国(こく) (Nippon-koku)
* 日(にっ)本(ぽん)銀(ぎん)行(こう) (Nippon Ginkō)
* 日(にっ)本中(ぽんじゅう) (Nippon-jū)
* 日(にっ)本(ぽん)人(じん) (nipponjin)
* 日(にっ)本(ぽん)刀(とう) (nippontō)
* 大(だい)日(にっ)本(ぽん) (Dai Nippon)

##### Descendants

* → English: Nippon (noun)
* → French: Nippon (noun), nippon (adjective)
* → Indonesian: Nippon (noun)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 日 | 本 |
| じつ > じっ Grade: 1 | ほん > ぽん Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
*/zitʉpon/ → /zip̚pon/ → /ʑip̚pon/
Uses the kan'on reading jitsu for 日, as compared to the goon reading nichi. First appears in texts from the early 1600s, notably the 1603 Japanese-Portuguese dictionary Nippo Jisho. Probably influenced by European-language terminology for the country, such as Portuguese Japão or Dutch Japan, in turn arising from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún) via Malay Jepun, or from Teochew 日本 (rig$^8$ bung$^2$) via Indonesian Malay Jepang.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じっぽん [jìppóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [d͡ʑip̚põ̞ɴ]

#### Proper noun

日(じっ)本(ぽん) • (Jippon)
* (archaic) Japan
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 365:Iippon ジッポン (日本) Fino moto. (日の本) 東洋. すなわち、日本.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** [Note:The quoted ii in iippon is the 16th century Portuguese romanization representing ji, pronounced *[ʒi] in Portuguese, since i and j weren't consistently distinguished orthographically.]

### Coordinate terms

* 秋津島(あきつしま) (Akitsushima)
* 大八洲(おおやしま) (Ōyashima)
* 皇(こう)国(こく) (kōkoku)
* ジパング (Jipangu)
* ジャップランド (Jappurando)
* ジャパン (Japan)
* 大(だい)東(とう) (Daitō)
* 東(とう)洋(よう) (Tōyō)
* 日(にっ)東(とう) (Nittō)
* 日(ひ)の本(もと) (Hinomoto)
* 扶桑(ふそう) (Fusō)
* 瑞(みず)穂(ほ)の国(くに) (Mizuho no kuni)
* 大和(やまと), 倭(やまと) (Yamato)
* 和(わ) (Wa)
* Thesaurus:日本

### References

* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ 2012, ニホンVSニッポン 「日本」の読み方、どっちが優勢?, The Nikkei
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* 本(ほん)日(じつ) (honjitsu)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 日 | 本 |

### Proper noun

日本 • (Ilbon) (hangeul 일본)
* hanja form of 일본 (“Japan”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 日 | 本 |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||

### Proper noun

日本(やまとぅ) (Yamatu)
* Alternative form of 大和 (Yamatu, “Japan”)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

The kanji spelling is influenced by 日の本 (pi$_1$ no$_2$ mo$_{(2)}$to$_2$).

### Proper noun

日本 (Yamato$_2$) (kana やまと)
* Alternative spelling of 大和 (Yamato$_2$): Yamato, ancient name of Japan

#### Derived terms

* 日本武尊 (Yamato$_2$ Takeru no$_2$ mi$_1$ko$_2$to$_2$)
* 大日本 (Opoyamato$_2$)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 日 | 本 |

### Proper noun

日本
* chữ Hán form of Nhật Bản (“Japan”).