# 玉皇
## Chinese

* 玉皇

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yùhuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): juk$^6$ wong$^4$
* Puxian Min (Putian, Pouseng Ping'ing): goeh$^7$ horng$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Gio̍k-hông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yùhuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yùhuáng
*** Wade–Giles: Yü$^4$-huang$^2$
*** Yale: Yù-hwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yuhhwang
*** Palladius: Юйхуан (Jujxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: yuhk wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeh$^7$ horng$^2$ [Phonetic: goeh$^6$ orng$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤̍h-hó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœʔ⁴⁻¹ $^{(h-)}$ɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gio̍k-hông
*** Tâi-lô: Gio̍k-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gioghoong
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²³/

### Proper noun

玉皇
* (Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the Jade Emperor

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 玉皇大帝, 玉帝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 玉皇大帝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 玉皇大帝, 玉帝 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 玉皇大帝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 玉皇爺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 玉皇大帝, 玉帝 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 玉皇大帝 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 玉皇大帝, 玉皇 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 玉皇大帝, 天公, 天公爺, 玉皇上帝, 天神爺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 玉皇大帝, 天公, 天神爺, 天帝, 玉帝, 玉皇, 玉皇上帝 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 玉皇大帝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 玉皇大帝, 玉皇 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 玉皇大帝 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 玉皇大帝 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 玉皇上帝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 玉皇大帝 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 玉皇大帝, 天公 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 玉皇大帝 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 天公 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 天公 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 天公 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 玉皇大帝 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 玉皇大帝 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 玉皇大帝 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 玉皇菩薩, 玉皇大帝 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 玉皇大帝, 玉帝老子 |

#### Derived terms

* 玉皇上帝 (Yùhuáng Shàngdì)
* 玉皇大帝 (Yùhuáng Dàdì)
* 玉皇廟 / 玉皇庙 (Yùhuángmiào)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)皇(こう) (Gyokukō)
* → Korean: 옥황(玉皇) (Okhwang)
* → Vietnamese: Ngọc Hoàng (玉皇)
* → English: Jade Emperor (calque)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “玉皇”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “玉皇”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 207.

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 玉 | 皇 |

### Noun

玉皇
* chữ Hán form of Ngọc Hoàng (“Jade Emperor”).