# capio
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈka.pi.oː/, [ˈkäpioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.pi.o/, [ˈkäːpio]

### Etymology 1

From Old Latin kapio, from Proto-Italic *kapjō, from Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti, from the root *kap- (“to seize, grab”).
Cognate with Albanian kap, Breton kavout, Welsh cael, English have, heave, Lithuanian kàmpt, Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō).

#### Alternative forms

* kapiō (Old Latin)

#### Verb

capiō (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third conjugation iō-variant
* to take, to capture, to catch, to seize, to take captive, to storm
    Synonyms: expugnō, teneō, obsideo, retineo, comprehendō, dēprehendō, apprehendō, arripiō, prehendō, capessō, occupō, prehēnso
* to take on, adopt
    capere consilium ― to make a resolution
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.26:Cōnsilium cēpērunt ex oppidō profugereAdopted a design to flee from the town
* to hold, to contain
    Synonyms: habeō, contineo, teneō, comprehendō, apprehendō, concipio
* to occupy, to possess
    Synonyms: potior, possideō, obtineō, compleō, adipīscor, apprehendō, teneō, comprehendō, obsideō
* to take hold of, to take possession of, to possess
    Metus mē cēpit. ― Fear took hold of me.
* to take in, to comprehend, to understand
    Synonyms: apprehendō, comprehendō, dēprehendō, accipiō, cognōscō, concipiō, teneō, apīscor, complector, excipiō, exaudiō, cōnsequor
    Antonyms: nesciō, ignōrō
* to choose, select, elect
    Synonyms: legō, dēligō, ēligō, optō, adoptō, dēsūmō, dēstinō, sēpōnō, sūmō, creō
* to reach (usually indicates traveling by sea)
* to take in, to receive
* to get, to receive (said of property, value, money)
* to captivate, to charm, to fascinate, to enchant
    Synonyms: indūcō, sēdūcō, dēdūcō, sollicitō, persuādeō, alliciō, pelliciō

##### Conjugation

$^1$At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

##### Derived terms

* *accapitāre
* accipiō
* anticipō
* auceps
* capābilis
* capāx
* capessō
* capistrum
* capsa
* captiō
* captō
* captor
* captrīx
* capulum
* concipiō
* dēcipiō
* excipiō
* hosticapus
* incipiō
* intercipiō
* mūscipula
* nūncupō
* occipiō
* occupō
* particeps
* percipiō
* posticipō
* praecipiō
* prīnceps
* reciperō
* recipiō
* succipiō
* suscipiō
* urbicapus
* usucapiō

##### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** ⇒ Aromanian: ncap, ncãpeari
** ⇒ Romanian: încăpea, încăpere
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Italian: capire, capere
*** →? Catalan: capir
*** → German: kapieren
**** → Polish: kapować
*** → Piedmontese: capì
** Sicilian: capiri, càpiri
** Venetan: capir
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: capî
** Ladin: capir, capì, kapì
** Romansch: chapir, capir, tgapeir
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: cabre, caber
** Occitan: caber
* Old French:
** chavoir, chevoir
** chevir, chavir, kevir
*** French: chevir
*** Norman: quevir
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: caber
*** Galician: caber
*** Portuguese: caber
** Spanish: caber
* Borrowings:
** → Danish: kapere
** ⇒ English: capture

### Etymology 2

From the above verb + -iō.

#### Noun

capiō f (genitive capiōnis); third declension
* A taking
* (law) The right of property acquired by prescription

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

##### Synonyms

* (a taking): captus

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
* ↑ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

### Further reading

* “capio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “capio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* capio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to be unable to sleep: somnum capere non posse to begin with a thing: initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re to suffer loss, harm, damage: detrimentum capere, accipere, facere to derive pleasure from a thing: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut) I am undecided..: incertus sum, quid consilii capiam I forget something: oblivio alicuius rei me capit to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo to take pleasure in a thing: laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re to take courage: animum capere, colligere to be touched with pity: misericordia moveri, capi (De Or. 2. 47) the house is not large enough for all: domus non omnes capit (χωρειν) to take food: cibum sumere, capere let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4) to take up one's arms: arma capere, sumere to occupy a position (with troops): capere, occupare locum to capture horses: capere equos to take, storm a town: oppidum capere, expugnare to take to flight: fugam capessere, capere to take a person alive: capere aliquem vivum to capture a boat: navem capere, intercipere, deprehendere (ambiguous) bare-headed: capite aperto (opp. operto) (ambiguous) with head covered: capite obvoluto (ambiguous) to be blind: oculis captum esse (vid. sect. IV. 6., note auribus, oculis...) (ambiguous) to be affected by disease in every limb; to be paralysed: omnibus membris captum esse (ambiguous) to be overcome by sleep: somno captum, oppressum esse (ambiguous) to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre (ambiguous) to be out of one's mind: mente captum esse, mente alienata esse (ambiguous) to be fired with love: amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere (ambiguous) to subtract something from the capital: de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid (ambiguous) to condemn some one to death: capitis or capite damnare aliquem (ambiguous) to repeal a death-sentence passed on a person: capitis absolvere aliquem (ambiguous) Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1) (ambiguous) to suffer capital punishment: supplicio (capitis) affici