# sub
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: sŭb, IPA: /sʌb/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Northern England, Ireland) IPA: /sʊb/
* Rhymes: -ʌb
* Hyphenation: sub

### Etymology 1

* Shortened form of any of various words beginning with sub-.

#### Noun

sub (plural subs)
* Abbreviation of submarine.
** 1989, James Cameron, The Abyss (motion picture), spoken by Alan "Hippy" Carnes (Todd Graff):You know, we got Russian subs creepin' around; anythin' goes wrong they can say whatever they want happened! Give their folks medals!
* Short for submarine sandwich.: a sandwich made on a long bun.
    We can get subs at that deli.
* (nautical) Clipping of submersible.
* (informal) Clipping of substitute, often in sports or teaching.
    With the score 4 to 1, they brought in subs.
    She worked as a sub until she got her teaching certificate.
** 1930, Boy's Live, Philip Scruggs, There Can Be Victory, page 20:At any other school you would be playing varsity, and Wallace has you pigeon-holed on the subs." "Maybe he has his reasons," Jim replied. "And he hasn't pigeon-holed me on the subs yet — not this season.
* (British, informal, often in plural) Clipping of subscription (a payment made for membership of a club, etc.)
** 1951, H. L. Gold, “Annual Report”, in Galaxy Science Fiction, volume 2, number 6, page 2:According to the best available information, GALAXY has several times as many subs as any other science fiction magazine!
** 1985 February 2, 18, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 28, page 18:My friend Keith got me a sub to your paper for my Christmas present.
* (Internet, informal) Clipping of subtitle.
    Synonyms: CC, S
    I've just noticed a mistake in the subs for this film.
* (computing, programming) Clipping of subroutine. (sometimes one that does not return a value, as distinguished from a function, which does)
** 2002, Nathan Patwardhan, Ellen Siever, Stephen Spainhour, Perl in a nutshell:The default accessor can be overridden by declaring a sub of the same name in the package.
** 2004, P. K. McBride, Introductory Visual Basic.NET, page 49:So far, all the subs and functions that we have used have been those built into the system, or those written to handle events from controls […]
* (colloquial) Clipping of subeditor.
* (colloquial) Clipping of subcontractor.
* (slang) Clipping of subwoofer.
* (publishing, colloquial) Clipping of submission (of a work for publication)
* (BDSM, informal) Clipping of submissive.
** 2004, Paul Baker, Fantabulosa: A Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang:[…] roleplay where a sub or bottom takes care of a top's bodily and hygiene needs […]
** 2007, Laurell K Hamilton, The Harlequin:"It means that I'm both a sub and a dom." "Submissive and dominant," I said. He nodded.
** 2008, Lannie Rose, How to Change Your Sex:Typically a dom and a sub have a more or less standard routine that they like to go through all the time.
** 2012, “Karai's Vendetta”, in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles‎:We're not that kind of sub!(implied in dual meaning of submissive and submarine)
* (colloquial, dated) Clipping of subordinate.
* (colloquial, dated) Clipping of subaltern.
** 1911, J. Milton Hayes, The Green Eye of the Yellow God:He was known as 'Mad Carew' by the subs at Khatmandu, He was hotter than they felt inclined to tell; But for all his foolish pranks, he was worshipped in the ranks, And the Colonel's daughter smiled on him as well.
* (colloquial, Internet) Clipping of subscription (or (by extension) a subscriber) to an online channel or feed.
    I'm totally stoked; just got 10 new subs after my last video.
* (colloquial) Short for subsistence money (part of a worker's wages paid before the work is finished)
* (Internet slang) Short for subreddit.
* (Philippines, colloquial) Clipping of subject (“particular area of study”).

##### Synonyms

* (submarine sandwich): submarine, submarine sandwich; grinder, hero, hero sandwich, hoagie, po' boy, spuckie, torpedo, wedge

##### Hypernyms

* (submarine sandwich): sandwich

##### Derived terms

* fansub
* party sub

##### Translations
#### Verb

sub (third-person singular simple present subs, present participle subbing, simple past and past participle subbed)
* (US, informal) To substitute for.
* (US, informal) To work as a substitute teacher, especially in primary and secondary education.
* (British, informal, soccer) To replace (a player) with a substitute.
    He never really made a contribution to the match, so it was no surprise when he was subbed at half time.
* (British, informal, soccer, less common, often as "sub on") To bring on (a player) as a substitute.
    He was subbed on half way through the second half, and scored within minutes.
* (British) To perform the work of a subeditor or copy editor; to subedit.
* (slang, Internet, transitive) To subtitle (usually a film or television program).
* (UK, slang, transitive) To lend (a person) money.
** 2011, Rowland Rivron, What the F*** Did I Do Last Night?:I kept up the pleasantries as we were drying our hands and, realizing I didn't have any change for the lodger, I asked him, one drummer to another like, if he could sub me a quid for the dish.
* (slang, intransitive) To subscribe.
* (BDSM) To take a submissive role.
** 2012, Alicia White, Jessica's Breakdown, page 53:You've never subbed before. Jessica will be expecting a man on stage that follows orders and enjoys what she's going to be doing. Do you want to be spanked? Possibly whipped?
** 2012, Tiffany Reisz, Little Red Riding Crop:Wasn't like she'd never subbed before. She'd been a sub longer than she'd been a Dominatrix–ten years she'd spent in a collar.

##### Derived terms

* fansub

#### See also

* switch (one who is willing to take either a sadistic or a masochistic role)

### Etymology 2

From Latin sub.

#### Preposition

sub
* Under.

#### Verb

sub (third-person singular simple present subs, present participle subbing, simple past and past participle subbed)
* To coat with a layer of adhering material; to planarize by means of such a coating.
* (microscopy) To prepare (a slide) with a layer of transparent substance to support and/or fix the sample.
** 1997, Marina A. Lynch, S. M. O'Mara (editors), Ali D. Hames, D. Rickwood (series editors), Neuroscience Labfax, page 166,
    Ensure that gloves are worn when handling subbed slides. Although the following protocol describes subbing with gelatin, slides may also be coated with either 3-(triethoxysilyl-)propylamine (TESPA) or poly-L-lysine for in situ hybridization.

### Related terms

* blood sub
* D-sub
* dye-sub
* Italian sub
* Italian sub sandwich
* pizza sub
* pizza sub sandwich
* pub-sub
* semper ubi sub ubi
* soft-sub
* soft sub
* stone sub
* sub atomic
* sub bench
* sub clover
* sub fusc
* sub in
* sub judice
* sub modo
* sub nom.
* sub out
* sub sandwich
* sub silencio
* sub specie aeterni
* sub tender
* sub voce

### Anagrams

* Bus., SBU, UBS, USB, bus, bus.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English sub.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sub c (plural subs)
* submarine, sub

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin sub.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [sub]
* Hyphenation: sub

### Preposition

sub
* under, below

#### Antonyms

* super

## Ido
### Preposition

sub
* under, below

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsub/
* Rhymes: -ub
* Hyphenation: sùb

### Etymology 1

Clipping of subacqueo.

#### Noun

sub m or f by sense (invariable)
* skin-diver, scuba diver
    Synonym: subacqueo

### Etymology 2

Clipping of English submissive.

#### Noun

sub m or f by sense (invariable)
* bottom, submissive (BDSM partner)

##### See also

* dom

### References

* ↑ sub in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upó. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó). The usage with the accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, while with the ablative it is from both the locative, “under”, and the ablative, “from underneath”.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsub/, [ˈs̠ʊb]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsub/, [ˈsub]

### Preposition

sub (+ accusative, ablative)
* (with ablative)
** under, beneath
** behind
** at the feet of
** within, during
** about, around (time); just before, just after, shortly before, shortly after
* (with accusative)
** under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion)
** until, before, up to, about

#### Derived terms

* sub rosā
* subter
* subtus
* supīnus

#### Descendants

* Old Leonese: sob
** Asturian: so
* Old Galician-Portuguese: sob
** Galician: so
** Portuguese: sob
* Old Spanish: so
** Spanish: so (in certain fossilized expressions)
* → English: sub

### References

* “sub”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sub”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "sub", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* sub in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. at the foot of the mountain: sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte in the open air: sub divo to come within the sphere of the senses: sub sensum or sub oculos, sub aspectum cadere to come within the sphere of the senses: sensibus or sub sensus subiectum esse to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice: sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse to be comprised under the term 'fear.: sub metum subiectum esse to represent a thing vividly: oculis or sub oculos, sub aspectum subicere aliquid graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202) to give a general idea of a thing: sub unum aspectum subicere aliquid to sell a prisoner of war as a slave: aliquem sub corona vendere (B. G. 3. 16) the case is still undecided: adhuc sub iudice lis est (Hor. A. P. 77) to occupy the foot of a hill: considere sub monte (sub montis radicibus) the free men are sold as slaves: libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4) to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡suβ, from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup.

### Verb

sub (first-person singular active indicative aîosub, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîosubi, noun suba) (transitive)
* to visit (to go and meet someone)
    Synonym: posub
* to examine (to observe or inspect carefully)
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Conjugation
### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “sub”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 446, columns 1–2

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Clipping of subcelebridade.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.bi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.bi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.be/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsu.bɨ/ [ˈsu.βɨ]
* Homophones: sub-, sube

### Noun

sub f (plural subs)
* (slang) Alternative form of subcelebridade
** 2018 December 26, Letícia (@leticiaramosccp), Twitter‎:a miley casou em casa e as subs fazendo aquele auê todo p revelação de sexo de bebê kkkkkkkkkkk aiai(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2018 December 28, daniella (@dnifurtado), Twitter‎:As subs que eu sigo no Instagram não estão me dando stories o suficiente(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* subt, supt — popular

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin subtus, from sub. Compare Aromanian sum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sub/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ub

### Preposition

sub (+accusative)
* under, below, beneath, underneath

#### Derived terms

* dedesubt

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsub/ [ˈsuβ̞]
* Rhymes: -ub
* Syllabification: sub

### Preposition

sub
* under

## Swedish
### Etymology

Contraction of subwoofer.

### Noun

sub c
* (slang) a subwoofer, a bass loudspeaker

#### See also

* subba
* subbe

### Anagrams

* bus