# 於菟
## Chinese
### Etymology

於 is a prefix to indicate respect for the dangerous animal; compare 老 (lǎo, “old; venerable”) in 老虎 (lǎohǔ, “tiger”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, it may reflect the k initial in the Mon-Khmer etymon (Norman and Mei, 1976).
菟 is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-la (“tiger”), from Proto-Austroasiatic *kla(ː)ʔ (“tiger”). Cognate with 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ, “tiger”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wūtú
    (Zhuyin): ㄨ ㄊㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^1$ tou$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o͘-thò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wūtú
*** Zhuyin: ㄨ ㄊㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wutú
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^1$-tʻu$^2$
*** Yale: wū-tú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: utwu
*** Palladius: уту (utu)
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^1$ tou$^4$
*** Yale: wū tòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^1$ tou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^1$ tou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘-thò͘
*** Tâi-lô: oo-thòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: o'tox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'u du
Rime :
| Character | 於 | 菟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 | 同都切 |
| Baxter | 'u | du |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuo/ | /duo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuo/ | /duo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔo/ | /do/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɔ/ | /dɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔo/ | /do/ |
| Wang Li | /u/ | /du/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuo/ | /dʱuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wū | tú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^1$ | tou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaː daː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 於 | 菟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15810 | 12511 |
| Phonetic component | 於 | 兔 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 烏 | 徒 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaː/ | /*daː/ |

### Noun

於菟
* (obsolete, Old Chu) tiger
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Hǔ rǔ zhī....... Chǔrén wèi rǔ gǔ, wèi hǔ wūtú, gù mìng zhī yuē Dòu Gǔwūtú. [Pinyin]
    A tigress suckled him. [...] Chu people call "to suckle" gǔ and call a tiger wūtú; therefore, he was named Dòu Gǔwūtú, which is to say "Suckled-by-a-Tigress Dòu".

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 虎, 李父, 李耳, 於菟, 伯都 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 虎, 老虎 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 老虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 老虎, 山中王 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 老虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 老虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 老虎, 山中王 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 老虎, 老虎媽子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 老虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 老虎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 老虎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 老虎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 老虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 老虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 老虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 老虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 老虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 老虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 老虎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 老虎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 老虎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 老虎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 老虎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 老虎, 大貓兒, 貓貓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 老虎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 老虎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 老虎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 老虎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 老虎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 老虎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 老虎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 老虎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 老虎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 羅虎 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 羅虎 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 大蟲, 大貓, 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 大貓 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 老虎, 大蟲 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 老虎, 大蟲 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 老虎, 大蟲 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 大蟲 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 大蟲 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 大蟲 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 老虎 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 老虎 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老虎 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 老虎 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 虎, 老虎 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 大蟲 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 老虎 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 老虎 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 老虎 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 老虎 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 老虎 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 老虎 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 老虎 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 老虎 |
| Jin | Linhe | 老虎 |
| Jin | Jining | 老虎 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 老虎 |
| Jin | Baotou | 老虎 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 老虎 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 老虎 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 老虎 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老虎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 老虎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 老虎 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 虎, 著災仔 dated, euphemistic |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 虎 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 虎, 虎仔, 老虎, 伯公馬 dated |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 虎 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 虎, 大頭貓 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 老虎 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 虎 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 老虎 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 老虎 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 老虎 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 老虎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 老虎 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 老虎 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 老虎 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 老虎 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 豹虎 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 黃貓虎 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老虎 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 老虎 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 老虎 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 老虎 |
| Wu | Danyang | 老虎 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 老虎 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老虎 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 老虎, 大貓 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 老虎 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 老虎, 老蟲, 大蟲, 大貓, 爬山子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 老蟲, 山貓子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 老蟲, 山貓兒 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 老虎 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 老虎 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 虎 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 豹公 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 老虎 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 老虎 |