# utu
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Maori utu.

### Noun

utu (uncountable)
* (New Zealand) Recompense, payback; revenge.
** 2008, Christina Thompson, Come on Shore and We Will Kill and Eat You All, Bloomsbury, published 2009, page 129:Utu demanded that both favors and grievances be repaid in kind, but it was the grievances, naturally, that caused the most trouble.
** 2011 September 19, Andrew Alderson, New Zealand Herald:The match had been touted as a chance for utu after the 1999 and 2007 All Blacks World Cup defeats.

## Buginese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

### Noun

utu
* louse (insect)

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *utu, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (compare Icelandic úði (“drizzle”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈutu/, [ˈut̪u]
* Rhymes: -utu
* Hyphenation: utu

### Noun

utu
* haze, mist (of water vapor)

#### Usage notes

* The words sumu, usva and utu all describe "water vapor lightly suspended near the ground", but – strictly speaking – at different degrees. However, they may often be used synonymously with no discretion.
** Utu describes very light vapor near the ground, especially that occurring in the morning and therefore it is translated usually as "mist" or "haze".
** Usva describes a bit thicker vapor than utu near the ground, especially when considering the water travelling conditions. Therefore, it is translated usually as "mist", "haze" or "fog".
** Sumu describes very thick vapor obscuring the visibility near the ground and thus, it is translated usually as "mist" or "fog".
* utu is used for haze caused by water vapor - if the haze is caused by something else, it is called auer.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of utu (Kotus type 1*F/valo, t-d gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
utuni
utuni
accusative
nom.
utuni
utuni
gen.
utuni
genitive
utuni
utujeni
partitive
utuani
utujani
inessive
udussani
uduissani
elative
udustani
uduistani
illative
utuuni
utuihini
adessive
udullani
uduillani
ablative
udultani
uduiltani
allative
udulleni
uduilleni
essive
utunani
utuinani
translative
udukseni
uduikseni
abessive
uduttani
uduittani
instructive
comitative
—utuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
utusi
utusi
accusative
nom.
utusi
utusi
gen.
utusi
genitive
utusi
utujesi
partitive
utuasi
utujasi
inessive
udussasi
uduissasi
elative
udustasi
uduistasi
illative
utuusi
utuihisi
adessive
udullasi
uduillasi
ablative
udultasi
uduiltasi
allative
udullesi
uduillesi
essive
utunasi
utuinasi
translative
uduksesi
uduiksesi
abessive
uduttasi
uduittasi
instructive
comitative
—utuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
utumme
utumme
accusative
nom.
utumme
utumme
gen.
utumme
genitive
utumme
utujemme
partitive
utuamme
utujamme
inessive
udussamme
uduissamme
elative
udustamme
uduistamme
illative
utuumme
utuihimme
adessive
udullamme
uduillamme
ablative
udultamme
uduiltamme
allative
udullemme
uduillemme
essive
utunamme
utuinamme
translative
uduksemme
uduiksemme
abessive
uduttamme
uduittamme
instructive
comitative
—utuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
utunne
utunne
accusative
nom.
utunne
utunne
gen.
utunne
genitive
utunne
utujenne
partitive
utuanne
utujanne
inessive
udussanne
uduissanne
elative
udustanne
uduistanne
illative
utuunne
utuihinne
adessive
udullanne
uduillanne
ablative
udultanne
uduiltanne
allative
udullenne
uduillenne
essive
utunanne
utuinanne
translative
uduksenne
uduiksenne
abessive
uduttanne
uduittanne
instructive
comitative
—utuinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
utunsa
utunsa
accusative
nom.
utunsa
utunsa
gen.
utunsa
genitive
utunsa
utujensa
partitive
utuaan utuansa
utujaan utujansa
inessive
udussaan udussansa
uduissaan uduissansa
elative
udustaan udustansa
uduistaan uduistansa
illative
utuunsa
utuihinsa
adessive
udullaan udullansa
uduillaan uduillansa
ablative
udultaan udultansa
uduiltaan uduiltansa
allative
udulleen udullensa
uduilleen uduillensa
essive
utunaan utunansa
utuinaan utuinansa
translative
udukseen uduksensa
uduikseen uduiksensa
abessive
uduttaan uduttansa
uduittaan uduittansa
instructive
comitative
—utuineen utuinensa :

#### Derived terms

* utuinen
* utupilvi

#### See also

* auer, auder

### References

* ↑ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “utu”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

### Further reading

* “utu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

### Anagrams

* tuu

## Galoli
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu.

### Noun

utu
* louse

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *utu. Cognates include Finnish utu and Estonian udu.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈutu/, [ˈutu]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈutu/, [ˈud̥u]
* Rhymes: -utu
* Hyphenation: u‧tu

### Noun

utu
* Synonym of tomakka

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 620

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utuŋ (compare Hawaiian uku, Malay untung).

### Noun

utu
* pay; payment; salary
* revenge; payback

### Verb

utu (passive utua or utungia)
* to pay
* to reply; to answer

### Usage notes

* Describes reciprocal obligations.

### References

* “utu” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀉𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
* उतु (Devanagari script)
* উতু (Bengali script)
* උතු (Sinhalese script)
* ဥတု or ဢုတု (Burmese script)
* อุตุ (Thai script)
* ᩏᨲᩩ (Tai Tham script)
* ອຸຕຸ (Lao script)
* ឧតុ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄪𑄖𑄪 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtu, “appointed time”).

### Noun

utu m or n
* season, time
* season (one of the three seasons of the year)

#### Declension
### Noun

utu m
* menses

#### Declension
### References

* Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “utu”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Sumerian
### Romanization

utu
* Romanization of 𒌓 (utu)

## Swahili
### Etymology

From u- (“-ness”) +‎ -tu (“person”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

utu class XI (no plural)
* humanity, human nature, ubuntu

## Ternate
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈu.tu]

#### Verb

utu
* (transitive) to harvest

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈu.tu]

#### Noun

utu
* a kind of small squid

#### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tetum
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, compare Indonesian kutu.

### Noun

utu
* louse

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *utu.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈutu/, [ˈutu]
* Rhymes: -utu
* Hyphenation: u‧tu

### Noun

utu
* fog

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “utu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

## West Makian
### Etymology 1

Possibly compare Ternate wito, Sahu itomo.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈu.t̪u/

#### Verb

utu
* (transitive) to push

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Cognate with Ternate utu (“root”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈu.t̪u/

#### Noun

utu
* root (of a tree), vein

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Ye'kwana
### Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *utu (“to give, to put”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [utu]

### Verb

utu
* (transitive) to give

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “utu”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon
* Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, pages 219, 315, 400: “utu:du 'to give' […] -utu- 'give' […] utu:du - to give”
* Hall, Katherine (2007) “utūdu”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021

## Zazaki
### Noun

utu m
* iron (device for pressing clothes)