# aga
## English
### Noun

aga (plural agas)
* Alternative spelling of agha
** 1775, Richard Chandler, Travels in Asia Minor, or, An account of a tour made at the expense of the Society of Dilettanti, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 229:They were headed by a Chiauſh or the Meſſinger of an Aga, who commanded in a ſmall village to the weſt of Pambouk.

### Anagrams

* GAA

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* agë

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آغا (aġa, “a lord or master”).

### Noun

aga m (plural agallarë, definite agai, definite plural agallarët)
* agha, Ottoman nobleman with a landed estate (ranging below bey)
* (old) rich man
* (old) clan chief
* (derogatory) pretentious or officious person

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Bufli, G., Rocchi, L. (2021) “aga”, in A historical-etymological dictionary of Turkisms in Albanian (1555–1954), Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, page 30

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “aga”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

## Asi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ága.

### Noun

aga
* morning

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ága.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔaɡa/ [ˈʔa.ɡa]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: a‧ga

### Noun

ága (Basahan spelling ᜀᜄ)
* morning
    Coordinate terms: udto, hapon, banggi

#### Derived terms

* aro-aga
* kaagahan
* pagkaaga

## Bola
### Noun

aga
* canoe

### References

* Brent Wiebe, Bola (Bola-Bakovi) Language Organized Phonology Data, p. 2

## Bourbonnais-Berrichon
### Alternative forms

* argarde (Moulins Dialect and Berrichon)

### Verb

aga
* look at (imperative mood)

### References

* ↑ Paul Duchon (1904) Grammaire et Dictionnaire Du Patois Bourbonnais (canton De Vareness) (in French and Bourbonnais-Berrichon), page 21

## Cornish
### Alternative forms

* (short form) 'ga
* (following some prepositions) -'ga
* (Standard Cornish, short form) gà

### Etymology

Apparently cognate with Welsh eu, Irish acu.

### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: [ˌaɡa]

### Determiner

aga (triggers aspirate mutation)
* their

#### See also

| Number | Person (and gender) | Independent (subject) | Suffixed | Emphatic | Infixed | Possessive (dependent) |
| Singular | First | my ~ me | vy ~ ve, ma, a | evy | 'm | ow$^A$, 'm, 'w$^{1A}$ |
| Singular | Second | ty | jy, ta, sy$^1$ | tejy | 'th$^M$ | dha$^L$, 'th$^M$ |
| Singular | Third masculine | ev | ev, va | eev | 'n | y$^L$ |
| Singular | Third feminine | hi | hi | hyhi | 's | hy$^A$ |
| Singular | Third neuter$^2$ | hun hynn | hun hynn | $^4$ hehynn | 'h 'gh | eydh$^L$ ho$^L$ |
| Plural | First | ni | ni | nyni | 'gan, 'n | agan, 'gan |
| Plural | Second$^3$ | hwi | hwi | hwyhwi | 'gas, 's | agas, 'gas |
| Plural | Third | i | i | ynsi | 's | aga$^A$, 'ga$^A$ |
$^1$ Uncommon.
$^2$ Not yet officially adopted.
$^3$ Infrequently used as a formal alternative to the singular.
$^4$ Source needed.

### References

* ↑ Williams, Robert (1865) “aga”, in Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the Words are elucidated by Copious Examples from the Cornish Works now remaining; With Translations in English​, London: Trubner & Co., page 4

## Eskayan
### Noun

aga
* morning

## Estonian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Conjunction

aga
* but
    Synonyms: kuid, a (colloquial)

## French
### Alternative forms

* agha

### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آغا (ağa, “lord, master”).

### Noun

aga m (plural agas)
* aga, agha

### Further reading

* “aga”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Preposition

aga
* Alternative form of agás

## Hanunoo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔaɡa/ [ˈʔa.ɡa]
* Rhymes: -aɡa
* Syllabification: a‧ga

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

aga (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜤ)
* stick or candle of a leaf-wrapped pitch, which serves as a numerable unit of trade and a light source

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ága.

#### Noun

aga (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜤ)
* punctuality

##### Usage notes

* This definition is not directly attested as a standalone word.

##### Derived terms

* maaga

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 20

## Hiligaynon
### Noun

aga (diminutive agá-ága)
* morning

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آغا (aghā, “lord”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒɡɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: aga
* Rhymes: -ɡɒ

### Noun

aga (plural agák)
* agha
    A koppányi aga testamentuma (the title of a 1937 novel by István Fekete, cinematized in 1967)The Testament of Koppány’s Agha

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ IMDb entry

### Further reading

* aga in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* aga in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Icelandic
### Etymology

See the noun agi (“discipline”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːɣa/
* Rhymes: -aːɣa

### Verb

aga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative agaði, supine agað)
* to discipline [with accusative]

#### Related terms

* agi (“discipline, constraint”)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaɡa]
* Hyphenation: aga

### Etymology 1

From Malay aga, from Classical Malay اڬ (aga).

#### Adjective

aga
* arrogant, conceited, haughty, snobbish.
    Synonyms: angkuh, sombong

##### Derived terms

* beraga
* keagaan
* mengagakan

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kulisusu [Term?].

#### Noun

aga (uncountable)
* fish louse (Argulus spp.).
    Synonym: kutu ikan

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Wolio [Term?].

#### Verb

aga
* to look with the intention of laughing or challenging

### Further reading

* “aga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

Variant form of eang with semantic narrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɡə/

### Noun

aga m (genitive singular aga, nominative plural agaí)
* period of time, interval
* distance

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aga
agaí
vocative
a aga
a agaí
genitive
aga
agaí
dative
aga
agaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-aga
na hagaí
genitive
an aga
na n-agaí
dative
leis an aga don aga
leis na hagaí :

#### Derived terms

* agaigh (“space out, stagger”, verb)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aga”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 75

## Kabuverdianu
### Alternative forms

* agu (Sotavento)

### Etymology

From Portuguese água.

### Noun

aga
* (Barlavento) water

### References

* Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
* Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

## Kikuyu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɣa/

### Verb

aga (infinitive kwaga)
* to lack, to miss, to fail to find

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* mwagi class 1
(Proverbs)
* ithĩnjĩro rĩtiagaga thakame
* (kanua) karĩ mata gatiagaga wa kuuga
* ng'enda thĩ ndĩagaga mũtegi
* nyũngũ ya mũingĩ ndĩagaga mũteng'ũri
* riko na nda itiagaga
* thũ ndĩagaga mwenji

### References

* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 360. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
* Muiru, David N. (2007). Wĩrute Gĩgĩkũyũ: Marĩtwa ma Gĩgĩkũyũ Mataũrĩtwo Na Gĩthũngũ, p. 45.

## Laboya
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa.

### Pronoun

aga
* what (interrogative pronoun)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*apa₁”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Ladin
### Alternative forms

* ega (Cazét)

### Etymology

From Latin aqua.

### Noun

aga f (plural [please provide])
* (Brach) water

## Lindu
### Conjunction

aga
* if

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːˈɡɑː/

### Noun

aga m (Arabic spelling ئاگا)
* Alternative form of agah

#### Declension
### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “aga”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 2

## Northern Sotho
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.

### Verb

aga
* to build

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːˌɡɑː/

### Verb

āgā
* inflection of āgān:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive
** singular imperative

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aigan (“to possess”). Cognates include Old English āgan and Old Saxon ēgan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːɣa/

### Verb

āga
* (auxiliary) to have to

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *agōną, related to agi (“terror”), from Proto-Germanic *agô, form of *agaz (“fear, dread”).

### Verb

aga
* to threaten
* to look dangerous

#### Related terms

* agi

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “aga”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ɡa/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈa.ɡa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɡa
* Syllabification: a‧ga
* Homophone: Aga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Turkish ağa.

#### Noun

aga m pers
* (Islam, military) agha (honorific for high officials used in Turkey and certain Muslim countries)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

aga f
* cane toad
    Synonyms: kururu, ropucha olbrzymia

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Elżbieta Sobol (red.), Mały słownik języka polskiego, wyd. XI, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1994. →ISBN

### Further reading

* aga in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Noun

aga f (plural agale)
* Alternative form of agă

#### Declension
## Rukai
### Noun

aga
* cooked rice

## Scots
### Alternative forms

* aggek, aagig

### Etymology

Compare Norwegian akkar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːɡa/, /ˈaɡək/

### Noun

aga (plural agas)
* (Shetland) A variety of eight-armed cuttlefish

### References

* “aga, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آغا (ağa) (Turkish ağa, aga).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǎɡa/
* Hyphenation: a‧ga

### Noun

àga m (Cyrillic spelling а̀га)
* agha
* (dated) master
* (dated) patron

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɡa/ [ˈa.ɣ̞a]
* Rhymes: -aɡa
* Syllabification: a‧ga

### Noun

aga m (plural agas)
* Alternative form of agá

### Further reading

* “aga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-aga (infinitive kuaga)
* to say goodbye, to bid adieu to something

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -aga :
| Positive present | -naaga |
| Subjunctive | -age |
| Negative | -agi |
| Imperative singular | aga |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuaga |
| Negative | kutoaga |
Imperatives :
| Singular | aga |
| Plural | ageni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huaga |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liaga |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuaga |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taaga |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taaga |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siage |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeaga |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeaga |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliaga |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliaga |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meaga |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaaga |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaaga |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiaga |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoaga |
| Consecutive | kaaga / positive subject concord + -kaaga |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kaage |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -agia
** Causative: -agisha
** Passive: -agwa
** Reciprocal: -agana
** Stative: -agika
** Other formations: -aga dunia (“to die”)

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse agi.

#### Noun

aga c
* (uncountable) corporal punishment (especially of children), beating

##### Related terms

* agaförbud
* barnaga

##### See also

* björkris
* smisk

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish agha.

#### Verb

aga (present agar, preterite agade, supine agat, imperative aga)
* to beat, to punish corporally, to discipline

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آغا (ağa).

#### Noun

aga c
* an agha (Turkish title)

##### Declension
### References

* aga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* aga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* aga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ága (“early; punctual”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔaɡa/ [ˈʔaː.ɣɐ]
* Rhymes: -aɡa
* Syllabification: a‧ga

### Noun

aga (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ)
* earliness
    Synonyms: kaagahan, agap
* (obsolete) eating breakfast

#### Derived terms

* agahan
* kaumagahan
* kinaumagahan
* maaga
* maaga-aga
* maagahan
* madaling-umaga
* mag-aga
* mag-agahan
* magandang umaga
* magpaaga
* mapaaga
* paaga
* paagahin
* pang-umaga
* umaga
* umagahan
* umagahin
* umagang-umaga

## Tswana
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.

### Verb

aga
* to build

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آغا (aghā).

### Noun

aga (definite accusative agayı, plural agalar)
* (dialectal) big brother
* (dialectal) rich man
* (colloquial) bro
    Aga niye öyle dedi 💀Why did bro say it like that 💀

### References

* “aga”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

## Turkmen
### Pronunciation

IPA: [aːɣa]

### Noun

aga
* elder brother
* paternal uncle

### Further reading

* “aga” in Enedilim.com
* “aga” in Webonary.org

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡà/

#### Noun

agà
* Tree hyrax; (in particular) the Dendrohyrax interfluvialis
    Synonym: ọ̀fàfà

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡà/

#### Noun

agà
* ladder
    Synonyms: àkàsọ̀, àkàbà
* (idiomatic) pubescent age; the age at which one becomes sexually mature

##### Derived terms

* bàlágà (“to reach the age of puberty”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡà/

#### Noun

agà
* the tree Musanga cecropioides; also known as the African corkwood tree

### Etymology 4

Compare with Edo aga

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.ɡā/

#### Noun

àga
* chair, stool
    Synonyms: ìjókòó, òtìtà, ìpèkù, iján, àpótí

##### Derived terms

* alága (“chairperson”)