# ganga
## English
### Etymology 1

From French ganga, from Catalan ganga.

#### Noun

ganga (plural gangas)
* (dated) The sandgrouse.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ganga (uncountable)
* Alternative form of ganja

### Anagrams

* A-gang, Gaang

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈɡaŋ.ɡə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈɡaŋ.ɡa]

### Etymology 1

Imitative. The sense of "bargain" stems from the fact that the sandgrouse is considered a less valuable form of game.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangues)
* sandgrouse
* bargain
* (colloquial) windfall, gift

##### Derived terms

* gangues de l’ofici
* ganga eurasiàtica

##### Descendants

* → English: ganga
* → French: ganga

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French gangue.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangues)
* (mining) gangue

### Further reading

* “ganga” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse ganga, from Proto-Germanic *ganganą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* (Norðanfjørðs) IPA: /ˈkɛŋka/
* (Sunnanfjørðs) IPA: /ˈkaŋka/
* Rhymes: -ɛŋka

### Verb

ganga (third person singular past indicative gekk, third person plural past indicative gingu, supine gingið)
* to walk

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

## French
### Etymology

From Catalan ganga, of imitative origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɑ̃.ɡa/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ganga m (plural gangas)
* sandgrouse

### Further reading

* “ganga”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* gagna

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkauŋka/
* Rhymes: -auŋka

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse ganga, from Proto-Germanic *ganganą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-.

#### Verb

ganga (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative gekk, third-person plural past indicative gengu, supine gengið)
* (intransitive) to walk
    Hvert viltu ganga?Where do you want to walk to?
* (intransitive, of machinery) to work, operate, run
    Gengur klukkan?Does the clock work?
* (intransitive, well or badly, of progress) to go
    Hreinsunin gengur vel.The cleaning is going well.
* (intransitive) to fit, to go, to be satisfactory, to do
    Heldurðu að þessi kjóll gangi ekki við rauðu kápuna mína?Don't you think this dress will go with my red coat?

##### Derived terms

* ganga (noun)
* ganga eins og í sögu
* ganga úr skugga um
* gangi þér vel
* gangur
* -gengill
* úr sér genginn

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ganga f (genitive singular göngu, nominative plural göngur)
* an excursion on foot; a walk, a stroll, a hike
    Synonym: gönguferð
* (in plural only) the annual herding of sheep

##### Derived terms

* fjallganga
* gönguferð
* göngutúr

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

ganga
* indefinite genitive plural of göng

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Gang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡan.ɡa/
* Rhymes: -anɡa
* Hyphenation: gàn‧ga

### Noun

ganga f (plural ganghe)
* gangue

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* gange (e-infinitive)

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse ganga, from Proto-Germanic *ganganą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-.

#### Verb

ganga (present tense gjeng, past tense gjekk, supine gjenge or gjengi, past participle gjengen, present participle gangande, imperative gakk)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of gå
    Denne vegen er ikkje lett å gangaIt is not easy to go this way
    Gjeng det bra med handa?Is it going well with (your) hand?

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ganga (present tense gangar, past tense ganga, past participle ganga, passive infinitive gangast, present participle gangande, imperative ganga/gang)
* (arithmetic) to multiply

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑn.ɡɑ/, [ˈɡɑŋ.ɡɑ]

### Noun

ganga
* genitive plural of gang

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk, step”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to walk, step”). Related to gengi (“luck, success; help, support”).
Cognate with Old English gangan, Old Frisian ganga, gunga, Old Saxon gangan, Old High German gangan, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gaggan).

### Pronunciation

* (12th century Icelandic) IPA: /ˈɡɑ̃ŋɡɑ/

### Verb

ganga (singular past indicative gekk, plural past indicative gengu, past participle genginn)
* to go, walk

#### Derived terms

* ganga af
* ganga aptr
* ganga at
* ganga eptir
* ganga fram
* ganga frá
* ganga fyrir
* ganga með
* ganga milli
* ganga móti
* ganga nær
* ganga saman
* ganga sundr
* ganga til
* ganga um
* ganga undan
* ganga undir
* ganga upp
* ganga við
* ganga yfir
* ganga á
* ganga í

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: ganga
* Faroese: ganga
* Norwegian Nynorsk: ganga; (dialectal) gånga, gå
* Dalian: ganga
* Old Swedish: ganga
** Swedish: gånga (archaic)
* Danish: gange (archaic)
** Norwegian Bokmål: gange (archaic)
* Old Gutnish: ganga

## Old Swedish
### Verb

ganga
* to go, to walk

#### Conjugation

Please add the conjugation table if you are used to Old Swedish verbs.

#### Descendants

* Swedish: gånga

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɐ̃.ɡɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɐ̃ɡɐ
* Hyphenation: gan‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gangue, from German Gang.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (mining) gangue (earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore) [from 19th c.]
* (figuratively) bagatelle, trifle (an unsubstantial thing)
    Synonyms: bagatela, bugiganga
* (Brazil, colloquial, obsolete) money

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Mandarin káng. First attested in the 16th century.(Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* denim (textile)
    Synonyms: jeans, brim
* (in the plural) jeans (trousers made from denim cotton)(Can we verify this sense?)
    Synonym: jeans
* (Brazil) A variety of cotton plant with brown fiber
    Synonym: algodoim

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Spanish ganga.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* sandgrouse
    Synonym: cortiçol

### Etymology 4

From Gaulish *cambica "bent log", derivative of cambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Celtic *kambos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kh₂emb- (“to bend, curve”). Doublet of canga.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (historical) cangue

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from English gang.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (Brazil, obsolete) gang (group of criminals)
    Synonym: gangue

### Etymology 6

Borrowed from Kimbundu nganga (“sorcerer”).

#### Noun

ganga m (plural gangas)
* (Angola) sorcerer

### Etymology 7

Borrowed from Bengali গন্ডার (gonḍar), from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa). Doublet of ganda.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (India, dated) rhinoceros
    Synonym: rinoceronte

### Etymology 8

Unknown.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (Brazil) a set of matches in a board game, specially backgammon

### Etymology 9

Borrowed from Guinea-Bissau Creole [Term?].

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (dated) black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina)
    Synonym: grou-coroado

### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ganga.

### References

* 1 2 Antônio Geraldo da Cunha (1982) “ganga”, in Dicionário etimológico Nova Fronteira da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, page 377
* ↑ Cid Barros Franco (s.d.) “ganga”, in Dicionário de Expressões Populares Brasileiras, volume 2, São Paulo: Editora Unidas Ltda., page 29
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “canga”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
* “ganga”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “ganga”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “ganga”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “ganga”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡanɡa/ [ˈɡãŋ.ɡa]
* Rhymes: -anɡa
* Syllabification: gan‧ga

### Etymology 1

Imitative of the bird's call.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* bargain (advantageous purchase)
    Synonyms: bicoca, chollo, (El Salvador) cachada
** 2013 November 7, “A la caza del ofertón en coches de segunda mano”, in Cinco Días‎:Pero lo que verdaderamente interesa es encontrar la ganga, el chollo, el ofertón.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* sandgrouse (bird of the family Pteroclididae)

##### Usage notes

* Ganga is a false friend, and in most regions does not mean "gang". The words for "gang" in Spanish are pandilla and mara.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English gang.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* (Puerto Rico) gang
    Synonyms: pandilla, mara

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from French gangue.

#### Noun

ganga f (plural gangas)
* gangue

### Further reading

* “ganga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-ganga (infinitive kuganga)
* to heal, to cure

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -ganga :
| Positive present | -naganga |
| Subjunctive | -gange |
| Negative | -gangi |
| Imperative singular | ganga |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuganga |
| Negative | kutoganga |
Imperatives :
| Singular | ganga |
| Plural | gangeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huganga |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liganga |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuganga |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taganga |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taganga |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sigange |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeganga |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeganga |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliganga |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliganga |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meganga |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaganga |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaganga |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiganga |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoganga |
| Consecutive | kaganga / positive subject concord + -kaganga |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kagange |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Related terms

* mganga
* uganga

## Swazi
### Verb

-ganga
* to be naughty, to be mischievous

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-ganga
* (intransitive) to be impudent, to be mischievous, to be naughty

#### Inflection
### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ganga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ganga (6.6.3)”