# 줄

| 줄 | U+C904, &#51460; HANGUL SYLLABLE JUL |
| Composition: | ㅈ + ㅜ + ㄹ |
| ← 줃 [U+C903] | Hangul Syllables | 줅 → [U+C905] |
주죽죾죿준줁줂 줃줄줅줆줇줈줉 줊줋줌줍줎줏줐 중줒줓줔줕줖줗 :
| 죠 ← | → 줘 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 줄〮 (Yale: cwúl), with semantic narrowing; the Middle Korean word meant "situation" more generally. Perhaps ultimately related to the "string" meaning below, but this is highly speculative.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕuɭ]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [줄]

#### Dependent noun

줄 • (jul) (obligatorily follows an adnominalized verb)
* (before a verb of knowledge) ability, method; how to
    Synonym: 것 (geot)
    너 영어 할 줄도 알아?Neo yeong'eo hal jul-do ara?Do you know how to speak English, too?
* (before a verb of knowledge) a perceived fact (see Usage notes)
    나 시험 망친 줄 알았어.Na siheom mangchin jul arasseo.I thought I'd failed the test.
    그가 미국을 떠났을 줄은 상상조차 못한 일이었다.Geu-ga Migug-eul tteonasseul jur-eun sangsang-jocha mothan ir-ieotda.That he had left the United States was something he had not even imagined possible.
    사태가 이리 심각해진 줄을 미처 몰랐습니다.Satae-ga iri simgakhaejin jur-eul micheo mollatseumnida.I had been unaware that the situation had become so critical.

##### Usage notes

When used with the particle 을 (-eul, accusative marker), it means that the speaker is personally considering the situation as factual. When used with the particle 로 (-ro, “by, with”, instrumental marker), it means that the original perceiver considered the situation as factual, and that the speaker may or may not agree with them. Compare:
* 잘못된 줄을 알다jalmotdoen jur-eul aldato know that it is wrong to do
* 잘못된 줄로 알다jalmotdoen jul-lo aldato think that it is wrong to do
When the particle is omitted (as is very common), the meaning can be ambiguous.

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 줄〮 (Yale: cwúl).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕuɭ]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [줄]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 줄의 / 줄에 / 줄까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

#### Noun

줄 • (jul) (usually no hanja; sometimes 乼, 注乙)
* string, rope
    Synonyms: 실 (sil, “string, thread”), 밧줄 (batjul, “rope”)
    줄을 당기다 ― jur-eul danggida ― to pull a string
* line, row, column, queue
    나무 한 줄 ― namu han jul ― one row of trees
    줄을 서다 ― jur-eul seoda ― to stand in line
* line, crack (on a surface)
    Synonyms: 선(線) (seon, “line”), 금 (geum, “crack”)
    줄을 긋다 ― jur-eul geutda ― to draw a line
* line on a written page
    Synonym: 행(行) (haeng)
    두번째 줄에 세번째 단어 ― dubeonjjae jur-e sebeonjjae daneo ― the third word in the second line
* string of a musical instrument
    Synonym: 현(絃) (hyeon)
* (figurative) personal connections
* (North Korea, mathematics) Synonym of 현(絃) (hyeon, “chord of a circle”)

##### Derived terms

Verbs and idioms:
* 줄로 친 듯 (jullo chin deut, “clearly, manifestly”)
* 줄을 놓다 (jureul nota, “to approach someone to learn something”)
* 줄을 대다 (jureul daeda, “to approach with an ulterior selfish purpose”)
* 줄을 서다 (jureul seoda, “to stand in line”)
* 줄을 타다 (jureul tada, “to take the side of a stronger power”)
Nouns:
* 거미줄 (geomijul, “spiderweb”)
* 날줄 (naljul, “warp”)
* 닻줄 (datjul, “anchor hawser”)
* 목줄 (mokjul, “leash”)
* 밧줄 (batjul, “rope”)
* 씨줄 (ssijul, “woof”)
* 줄가리 (julgari, “triangular arrangement for paddy drying”)
* 줄곧 (julgot, “constantly”)
* 줄넘기 (julleomgi, “rope jumping”)
* 줄다리기 (juldarigi, “tug of war”)
* 줄달음질 (juldareumjil, “chain smoking”)
* 줄모 (julmo, “rice paddies in rows”)
* 줄무늬 (julmunui, “stripe of color (e.g. of zebras)”)
* 줄사다리 (julsadari, “rope ladder”)
* 줄씹 (julssip, “sexual intercourses with a sequence of partners”)
* 줄자 (julja, “tape measure”)
* 줄타기 (jultagi, “tightrope walking; pragmatism”)
* 줄팔매 (julpalmae, “sling”)
* 핏줄 (pitjul)
* 힘줄 (himjul, “sinew”)

##### Related terms

* 주름 (jureum, “wrinkle”)

### Etymology 3

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 줄〯 (Yale: cwǔl).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕu(ː)ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [줄(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 줄의 / 줄에 / 줄까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

#### Noun

줄 • (jul)
* file (cutting tool)
    Synonyms: 야스리 (yaseuri), 줄칼 (julkal), 쇠줄 (soejul), 줄톱 (jultop)

### Etymology 4

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 줄 (Yale: cwul).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕu(ː)ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [줄(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

줄 • (jul)
* Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
    Synonym: 줄풀 (julpul)

##### Derived terms

* 노던줄 (nodeonjul, “Northern wild rice”)
* 줄풀 (julpul, “Manchurian wild rice”)

### Etymology 5

From English joule.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕuɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [줄]

#### Counter

줄 • (jul)
* joule (measure of energy)

### Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 橘.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕuɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [줄]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 줄의 / 줄에 / 줄까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

#### Noun

줄 • (jul) (hanja 橘)
* (Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Dialectal form of 귤(橘) (gyul, “orange, clementine”)

### Etymology 7

Various verbal inflections grouped under one etymology for convenience. See the main entries for more.

#### Verb

줄 • (jul)
* future adnominal of 주다 (juda, “to give; to act for”): which will give; which will be given; which will be for the sake of someone
* future adnominal of 줄다 (julda, “to decrease”): which will decrease

### Etymology 8

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

줄 • (jul)
* 茁: sprout
    (eumhun reading: 싹 줄 (ssak jul)) (MC reading: 茁 (MC trwit|tsrweat|tsrjwet))