# aithris
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈahɪɾʲɪʃ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish aithris f (“relation; imitation”).

#### Noun

aithris f (genitive singular as substantive aithrise, genitive as verbal noun aithriste)
* verbal noun of aithris
* narration
* imitation
* mimicry

##### Declension
###### Verbal noun

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
aithris
vocative
a aithris
genitive
aithriste
dative
aithris
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an aithris
genitive
na haithriste
dative
leis an aithris don aithris :

###### Substantive

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
aithris
vocative
a aithris
genitive
aithrise
dative
aithris
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an aithris
genitive
na haithrise
dative
leis an aithris don aithris :

##### Alternative forms

* aithrist

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish aithrisid (“repeats, tells; imitates”, verb), from aithris f.

#### Verb

aithris (present analytic aithrisíonn, future analytic aithriseoidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste) or aithris (present analytic aithriseann, future analytic aithrisfidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste) (ambitransitive)
* narrate, recite
* imitate
* mimic, mock

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris |
| past participle | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | aithrisím | aithrisíonn tú; aithrisír$^†$ | aithrisíonn sé, sí | aithrisímid; aithrisíonn muid | aithrisíonn sibh | aithrisíonn siad; aithrisíd$^†$ | a aithrisíonn; a aithrisíos / a n-aithrisíonn* | aithrisítear |
| past | d'aithris mé; d'aithrisíos / aithris mé‡; aithrisíos‡ | d'aithris tú; d'aithrisís / aithris tú‡; aithrisís‡ | d'aithris sé, sí / aithris sé, sí‡ | d'aithrisíomar; d'aithris muid / aithrisíomar‡; aithris muid‡ | d'aithris sibh; d'aithrisíobhair / aithris sibh‡; aithrisíobhair‡ | d'aithris siad; d'aithrisíodar / aithris siad‡; aithrisíodar‡ | a d'aithris / ar aithris* | aithrisíodh; haithrisíodh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'aithrisínn / aithrisínn‡; n-aithrisínn‡‡ | d'aithrisíteá / aithrisíteá‡; n-aithrisíteá‡‡ | d'aithrisíodh sé, sí / aithrisíodh sé, sí‡; n-aithrisíodh sé, sí‡‡ | d'aithrisímis; d'aithrisíodh muid / aithrisímis‡; aithrisíodh muid‡; n-aithrisímis‡‡; n-aithrisíodh muid‡‡ | d'aithrisíodh sibh / aithrisíodh sibh‡; n-aithrisíodh sibh‡‡ | d'aithrisídís; d'aithrisíodh siad / aithrisídís; aithrisíodh siad‡; n-aithrisídís‡‡; n-aithrisíodh siad‡‡ | a d'aithrisíodh / a n-aithrisíodh* | d'aithrisítí / aithrisítí‡; n-aithrisítí‡‡ |
| future | aithriseoidh mé; aithriseod; aithriseochaidh mé$^†$ | aithriseoidh tú; aithriseoir$^†$; aithriseochaidh tú$^†$ | aithriseoidh sé, sí; aithriseochaidh sé, sí$^†$ | aithriseoimid; aithriseoidh muid; aithriseochaimid$^†$; aithriseochaidh muid$^†$ | aithriseoidh sibh; aithriseochaidh sibh$^†$ | aithriseoidh siad; aithriseoid$^†$; aithriseochaidh siad$^†$ | a aithriseoidh; a aithriseos; a aithriseochaidh$^†$; a aithriseochas$^†$ / a n-aithriseoidh*; a n-aithriseochaidh*$^†$ | aithriseofar; aithriseochar$^†$ |
| conditional | d'aithriseoinn; d'aithriseochainn$^†$ / aithriseoinn‡; aithriseochainn$^†$‡; n-aithriseoinn‡‡; n-aithriseochainn$^†$‡‡ | d'aithriseofá; d'aithriseochthá$^†$ / aithriseofá‡; aithriseochthá$^†$‡; n-aithriseofá‡‡; n-aithriseochthá$^†$‡‡ | d'aithriseodh sé, sí; d'aithriseochadh sé, sí$^†$ / aithriseodh sé, sí‡; aithriseochadh sé, sí$^†$‡; n-aithriseodh sé, sí‡‡; n-aithriseochadh sé, sí$^†$‡‡ | d'aithriseoimis; d'aithriseodh muid; d'aithriseochaimis$^†$; d'aithriseochadh muid$^†$ / aithriseoimis‡; aithriseodh muid‡; aithriseochaimis$^†$‡; aithriseochadh muid$^†$‡; n-aithriseoimis‡‡; n-aithriseodh muid‡‡; n-aithriseochaimis$^†$‡‡; n-aithriseochadh muid$^†$‡‡ | d'aithriseodh sibh; d'aithriseochadh sibh$^†$ / aithriseodh sibh‡; aithriseochadh sibh$^†$‡; n-aithriseodh sibh‡‡; n-aithriseochadh sibh$^†$‡‡ | d'aithriseoidís; d'aithriseodh siad; d'aithriseochadh siad$^†$ / aithriseoidís‡; aithriseodh siad‡; aithriseochadh siad$^†$‡; n-aithriseoidís‡‡; n-aithriseodh siad‡‡; n-aithriseochadh siad$^†$‡‡ | a d'aithriseodh; a d'aithriseochadh$^†$ / a n-aithriseodh*; a n-aithriseochadh*$^†$ | d'aithriseofaí; d'aithriseochthaí$^†$ / aithriseofaí‡; aithriseochthaí$^†$‡; n-aithriseofaí‡‡; n-aithriseochthaí$^†$‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-aithrisí mé; go n-aithrisíod$^†$ | go n-aithrisí tú; go n-aithrisír$^†$ | go n-aithrisí sé, sí | go n-aithrisímid; go n-aithrisí muid | go n-aithrisí sibh | go n-aithrisí siad; go n-aithrisíd$^†$ | — | go n-aithrisítear |
| past | dá n-aithrisínn | dá n-aithrisíteá | dá n-aithrisíodh sé, sí | dá n-aithrisímis; dá n-aithrisíodh muid | dá n-aithrisíodh sibh | dá n-aithrisídís; dá n-aithrisíodh siad | — | dá n-aithrisítí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | aithrisím | aithris | aithrisíodh sé, sí | aithrisímis | aithrisígí; aithrisídh$^†$ | aithrisídís | — | aithrisítear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

###### Alternative conjugation

| verbal noun | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris | aithris |
| past participle | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste | aithriste |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | aithrisim | aithriseann tú; aithrisir$^†$ | aithriseann sé, sí | aithrisimid | aithriseann sibh | aithriseann siad; aithrisid$^†$ | a aithriseann; a aithriseas / a n-aithriseann* | aithristear |
| past | d'aithris mé; d'aithriseas / aithris mé‡; aithriseas‡ | d'aithris tú; d'aithrisis / aithris tú‡; aithrisis‡ | d'aithris sé, sí / aithris sé, sí‡ | d'aithriseamar; d'aithris muid / aithriseamar‡; aithris muid‡ | d'aithris sibh; d'aithriseabhair / aithris sibh‡; aithriseabhair‡ | d'aithris siad; d'aithriseadar / aithris siad; aithriseadar‡ | a d'aithris / ar aithris* | aithriseadh; haithriseadh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'aithrisinn / aithrisinn‡; n-aithrisinn‡‡ | d'aithristeá / aithristeá‡; n-aithristeá‡‡ | d'aithriseadh sé, sí / aithriseadh sé, sí‡; n-aithriseadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'aithrisimis; d'aithriseadh muid / aithrisimis‡; aithriseadh muid‡; n-aithrisimis‡‡; n-aithriseadh muid‡‡ | d'aithriseadh sibh / aithriseadh sibh‡; n-aithriseadh sibh‡‡ | d'aithrisidís; d'aithriseadh siad / aithrisidís‡; aithriseadh siad‡; n-aithrisidís‡‡; n-aithriseadh siad‡‡ | a d'aithriseadh / a n-aithriseadh* | d'aithristí / aithristí‡; n-aithristí‡‡ |
| future | aithrisfidh mé; aithrisfead | aithrisfidh tú; aithrisfir$^†$ | aithrisfidh sé, sí | aithrisfimid; aithrisfidh muid | aithrisfidh sibh | aithrisfidh siad; aithrisfid$^†$ | a aithrisfidh; a aithrisfeas / a n-aithrisfidh* | aithrisfear |
| conditional | d'aithrisfinn / aithrisfinn‡; n-aithrisfinn‡‡ | d'aithrisfeá / aithrisfeá‡; n-aithrisfeá‡‡ | d'aithrisfeadh sé, sí / aithrisfeadh sé, sí‡; n-aithrisfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'aithrisfimis; d'aithrisfeadh muid / aithrisfimis‡; aithrisfeadh muid‡; n-aithrisfimis‡‡; n-aithrisfeadh muid‡‡ | d'aithrisfeadh sibh / aithrisfeadh sibh‡; n-aithrisfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'aithrisfidís; d'aithrisfeadh siad / aithrisfidís‡; aithrisfeadh siad‡; n-aithrisfidís‡‡; n-aithrisfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'aithrisfeadh / a n-aithrisfeadh* | d'aithrisfí / aithrisfí‡; n-aithrisfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-aithrise mé; go n-aithrisead$^†$ | go n-aithrise tú; go n-aithrisir$^†$ | go n-aithrise sé, sí | go n-aithrisimid; go n-aithrise muid | go n-aithrise sibh | go n-aithrise siad; go n-aithrisid$^†$ | — | go n-aithristear |
| past | dá n-aithrisinn | dá n-aithristeá | dá n-aithriseadh sé, sí | dá n-aithrisimis; dá n-aithriseadh muid | dá n-aithriseadh sibh | dá n-aithrisidís; dá n-aithriseadh siad | — | dá n-aithristí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | aithrisim | aithris | aithriseadh sé, sí | aithrisimis | aithrisigí; aithrisidh$^†$ | aithrisidís | — | aithristear |
*indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

##### Derived terms

* aithriseach m (“talebearer”)
* aithriseach, aithrisiúil (“imitative; mocking; mimetic”, adjective)
* aithriseoir m (“reciter; imitator; mimic”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 246, page 124
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithrisid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aithris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “aiṫris”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 22
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “aiṫrisim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 22

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish aithris (“act of telling, relating; relation, account; act of imitating, copying; imitation; example”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɾʲɪʃ/
* Hyphenation: aith‧ris

### Verb

aithris (past dh'aithris, future aithrisidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste)
* report, relate, recite, allege, repeat
* narrate, enunciate, rehearse
* quote, tell
* imitate

#### Derived terms

* aithris-leabhar (“commonplace book, notebook, day-book”)
* ath-aithris (“repeat, imitate”)
* atharrais (“re-tell, imitate”)
* mì-aithris (“miscite”)
* roimh-aithris (“previously rehearse; forebode, foretell”)

### Noun

aithris f (genitive singular aithrise, plural aithrisean)
* verbal noun of aithris
* report, allegation, narration, narrative
* recitation, rehearsal, recital
* report, statement
* imitation
* tradition, tale

#### Derived terms

* às-aithris (“quotation”)
* beul-aithris (“oral representation or tradition”)
* buaidh-aithriseach (“attributive”)
* feall-aithris (“pretence”)
* fìor-aithris (“veracity, speaking of truth, true tale”)
* roimh-aithris (“previous rehearsal; foreboding, foretelling”)

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Edward Dwelly (1911) “aithris”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN