# humble
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈhʌmbl̩/
* (obsolete, Received Pronunciation, Southern US) IPA: /ˈʌmbl̩/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌmbəl
* Hyphenation: hum‧ble

### Etymology 1

From Middle English humble, from Old French humble, umble, humle, from Latin humilis (“low, slight, hence mean, humble”) (compare Greek χαμηλός (khamēlós, “on the ground, low, trifling”)), from humus (“the earth, ground”), humi (“on the ground”). See homage, and compare chameleon, humiliate. Displaced native Old English ēaþmōd.

#### Adjective

humble (comparative humbler or more humble, superlative humblest or most humble)
* Not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming.
    He lives in a humble one-bedroom cottage.
** 17th century, Abraham Cowley, The Shortness of Life and Uncertainty of Riches
    The wise example of the heavenly lark. Thy fellow poet, Cowley, mark, Above the clouds let thy proud music sound, Thy humble nest build on the ground.
** 1894, Irish Builder and Engineer, volume 36, page 147:Roominess and unroominess in a human dwelling, even of the humblest kind, are important matters in their bearing upon man's character.
** 1945 November and December, H. C. Casserley, “Random Reflections on British Locomotive Types—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 320:Undoubtedly it can be said that the humble 0-6-0 has been the backbone for general service, or general utility on British railways right from their earliest days, and is likely to remain so.
** 2001 August 30, Shakira (lyrics and music), “Whenever, Wherever”, in Laundry Service‎:Lucky that my lips not only mumble / They spill kisses like a fountain / Lucky that my breasts are small and humble / So you don't confuse 'em with mountains
* Having a low opinion of oneself; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest.
    Synonyms: unassuming, modest
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, James 4:6:But he giueth more grace, wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proude, but giueth grace vnto the humble.
** a. 1722 (date written), Matthew Prior, “Cloe Jealous”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior […], volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, […], published 1779, →OCLC, stanza V, page 109:She ſhould be humble, who would pleaſe; And ſhe muſt ſuffer, who can love.
** 2012 June 28, Jamie Jackson, “Wimbledon 2012: Lukas Rosol shocked by miracle win over Rafael Nadal”, in The Guardian‎, London:Rosol's 65 winners to Nadal's 41 was one of the crucial statistics in the 3hr 18min match that ended in a 6-7, 6-4, 6-4, 2-6, 6-4 triumph labelled a "miracle" by Rosol, who was humble enough to offer commiserations to Nadal.

##### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:humble

##### Antonyms

* arrogant
* presumptuous
* smug
* snobby

##### Derived terms

* eat humble pie
* humblebrag
* humblehead
* humble-hearted
* humble-heartedness
* humbleness
* humble pie
* humble plant
* humblesse
* humblify
* humblish
* in my humble opinion
* unhumble
* unhumbleness

##### Related terms

* humbleness
* humiliate
* humiliation
* humility

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Noun

humble (plural humbles)
* (Baltimore, slang) An arrest based on weak evidence intended to demean or punish the subject.
** 2004 October 17, Ed Burns, “Straight and True”, in The Wire, season 3, episode 5 (television production), spoken by Howard "Bunny" Colvin (Robert Wisdom), via HBO:You're on a corner in my district, it ain't gonna be about no humble, it ain't gonna be about no loitering charge, nothing like that. There gonna be some biblical shit happening to you on the way to that motherfucking jail wagon.
** 2005 April 23, Gregory Kane, “'Jive humble' arrests help fill Central Booking's cell”, in Baltimore Sun:Years ago, guys on Baltimore's streets would have, by definition, called an arrest for loitering a "humble."
** 2015 April 29, “David Simon on Baltimore’s Anguish”, in The Marshall Project‎:A humble is a cheap, inconsequential arrest that nonetheless gives the guy a night or two in jail before he sees a court commissioner. You can arrest people on “failure to obey,” it’s a humble. Loitering is a humble. These things were used by police officers going back to the ‘60s in Baltimore. It’s the ultimate recourse for a cop who doesn't like somebody who's looking at him the wrong way.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English humblen (“to humble”), from the adjective above.

#### Verb

humble (third-person singular simple present humbles, present participle humbling, simple past and past participle humbled)
* (transitive, intransitive) To defeat or reduce the power, independence, or pride of.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues have humbled to all strokes.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 5:6:Humble yourselues therefore vnder the mighty hand of God, that hee may exalt you in due time,
** 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, pages 68–69:But, after the death of the master, the servant proved himself capable of supplying with eminent ability the master's place, and was renowned throughout Europe as one of the great Triumvirate which humbled the pride of Lewis the Fourteenth.
* (transitive, often reflexive) To make humble or lowly; to make less proud or arrogant; to make meek and submissive.
** 1979 September 27, Leonard Cohen (lyrics and music), “Humbled in Love”, in Recent Songs:And you say you've been humbled in love / Cut down in your love / Forced to kneel in the mud next to me
** 2015 April 8, Dana Spiotta, “T. C. Boyle’s ‘The Harder They Come’”, in The New York Times‎:The final, quiet moments of the book return to Sten; his experience of his sick son humbles him, just as his aging body humbles him, and Boyle seems to suggest this makes him a better man.

##### Synonyms

* abase, lower, depress, humiliate, mortify, disgrace, degrade

##### Derived terms

* humblehood
* humbleness
* humbler (agent noun)
* humbly

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Middle English *humblen, *humbelen (suggested by humblynge (“a humming, a faint rumbling”)), frequentative of Middle English hummen (“to hum”), equivalent to hum +‎ -le.

#### Verb

humble (third-person singular simple present humbles, present participle humbling, simple past and past participle humbled)
* (intransitive, chiefly obsolete) To hum.
    humbling and bumbling

##### Related terms

* humblebee

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

humble (plural humbles)
* (Northern England, Scotland, also attributive) Alternative form of hummel.
    humble cattle

#### Verb

humble (third-person singular simple present humbles, present participle humbling, simple past and past participle humbled)
* (transitive) Alternative form of hummel.

### Further reading

* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “humble”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “humble”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## French
### Etymology

From Old French, from Latin humilis (“low, slight, hence mean, humble”) (compare Greek χαμαλός (khamalós, “on the ground, low, trifling”)), from humus (“the earth, ground”), humi (“on the ground”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /œ̃bl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -œ̃bl
* Homophone: humbles

### Adjective

humble (plural humbles)
* humble

#### Related terms

* àmha
* à mon humble avis
* humblement
* humiliation
* humilier
* humilité

### Further reading

* “humble”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Adjective

humble m (oblique and nominative feminine singular humble)
* Alternative form of umble
** c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:Richart fu verz Dex humble, volentiers le serviRichard was humble towards God, and served him willingly