# democracy
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French democratie (French démocratie), from Medieval Latin dēmocratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dēmokrătĭ́ā). By surface analysis, demo- (“people”) +‎ -cracy (“rule”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dɪˈmɒk.ɹə.si/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /dɪˈmɑ.kɹə.si/
** Audio (New Jersey):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /dɪˈmɔk.ɹə.si/
* Hyphenation: de‧moc‧ra‧cy

### Noun

democracy (countable and uncountable, plural democracies)
* (uncountable) Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).
** 1866, J. Arthur Partridge, On Democracy, Trübner & Co., page 2:And the essential value and power of Democracy consists in this,—that it combines, as far as possible, power and organization ; THE SPIRIT, MANHOOD, is at one with THE BODY, ORGANIZATION. [....] Democracy is Government by the People.
** 1901, The American Historical Review, American Historical Association, page 260:The period, that is, which marks the transition from absolutism or aristocracy to democracy will mark also the transition from absolutist or autocratic methods of nomination to democratic methods.
** 1921, James Bryce Bryce, Modern Democracies, The Macmillan Company, page 1:A century ago there was in the Old World only one tiny spot in which the working of democracy could be studied. A few of the ancient rural cantons of Switzerland had recovered their freedom after the fall of Napoleon, and were governing themselves as they had done from the earlier Middle Ages[...]. Nowhere else in Europe did the people rule.
** 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 24:Everyone who wanted to speak did so. It was democracy in its purest form.
** 2017 November 19, “Today in History”, in Radio Taiwan International‎, archived from the original on 10 September 2022‎:On this day in 1977, Taiwan witnessed a watershed moment in its march to democracy: the Chungli Incident. Violence broke out on the night of the largest-yet elections in the country’s history. Some 10,000 people took to the streets in protest following reports of election fraud on the part of the ruling Kuomintang.
** 2025 February 14, Marshall Cohen, “The almighty Musk: How the world’s richest man became Washington’s most powerful bureaucrat”, in CNN‎:“If you have rule of the bureaucrat — if the bureaucracy is in charge, then what meaning does democracy actually have?” Musk said during his 30-minute appearance with Trump, where he rebuffed critics who said he’s the one undermining democratic institutions.
* (countable, government) A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.
** 1947 March 16, Edwin L. James, “General Marshall Raises the Ideological Issue”, in The New York Times:Of course, the Russians think it is something else because they say the Russians have a democracy and it is plain that their government is not what the Americans regard as a democracy.
** 2003, Fareed Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad, W. W. Norton & Company, page 13:In 1900 not a single country had what we would today consider a democracy: a government created by elections in which every adult citizen could vote.
* (countable) A state with a democratic system of government.
** 2002, Victor G. Hilliard, “The Role of Human Resource Development in South African Public Service Reform”, in Administrative Reform in Developing Nations, Praeger, page 179:After almost four decades of authoritarian rule, South Africa became a democracy in April 1994.
** 2018 March, Yascha Mounk, “America Is Not a Democracy”, in The Atlantic:The United States was founded as a republic, not a democracy.
** 2019 April 28, Hagai El-Ad, “What kind of democracy deports human rights workers?”, in Yoni Molad, transl., +972 Magazine‎:Israel is not a democracy, as these elections proved once again. Democracy is the rule of the people, not the rule of one people over another.
** 2023 March 29, Donald Judd and Maegan Vazquez, “Efforts to strengthen the world’s democracies are working, Biden says”, in CNN‎:Biden led a virtual summit event in Washington focused on democracy delivering on global challenges, calling on democracies to continue to stand together amid global challenges.
* (uncountable) Belief in political freedom and equality; the "spirit of democracy".
** 1918, Charles Horton Cooley, “A Primary Culture for Democracy”, in Publications of the American Sociological Society 13, page 8:As states of the human spirit democracy, righteousness, and faith have much in common and may be cultivated by the same means...
** 1919, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, The Spirit of Russia: Studies in History, Literature and Philosophy, Macmillan, page 446:It must further be admitted that he provided a successful interpretation of democracy in its philosophic aspects when he conceived democracy as a general outlook on the universe... In Bakunin's conception of democracy as religious in character we trace the influence of French socialism.
** 1996, Petre Roman, The Spirit of Democracy and the Fabric of NATO - The New European Democracies and NATO Enlargement‎, page 1:The spirit of democracy means, above all, liberty of choice for human beings... democracy, in both its individual and collective forms, is the main engine of the eternal human striving for justice and prosperity.

#### Synonyms

* democratism (the principles or spirit of a democracy)

#### Coordinate terms

* (a form of government): monarchy, aristocracy, dictatorship

#### Derived terms

* algorithmocracy
* antidemocracy
* aristodemocracy
* arsenal of democracy
* authoritarian democracy
* Christian democracy
* counterdemocracy
* crony democracy
* cyberdemocracy
* democracide
* democracy sausage
* democrazy
* demokkkracy
* demonocracy
* dictatorship of democracy
* direct democracy
* dollar democracy
* dotmocracy
* dumbocracy
* ecodemocracy
* e-democracy
* grassroots democracy
* Islamocracy
* liberal democracy
* limited democracy
* liquid democracy
* majoritarian democracy
* media democracy
* nondemocracy
* nuclear democracy
* overdemocracy
* participatory democracy
* people's democracy
* plutodemocracy
* post-democracy
* predemocracy
* pro-democracy
* protected democracy
* pseudo-democracy
* pseudodemocracy
* pure democracy
* quasidemocracy
* socdem
* social democracy
* superdemocracy
* tandemocracy
* technodemocracy
* teledemocracy
* theodemocracy
* Tory Democracy

#### Related terms

* democrat
* democratic

#### Descendants

* → Amharic: ዴሞክራሲ (demokrasi)
* → Burmese: ဒီမိုကရေစီ (dimuika.reci)
* → Chinese: 得莫克拉西 (démòkèlāxī), 德謨克拉西 / 德谟克拉西 (démókèlāxī)
* → Malay: demokrasi
* → S'gaw Karen: ဒံၣ်မိၣ်ခြ့ၣ်စံၣ် (deè moh̀ khraỳ seè)
* → Swahili: demokrasia
* → Western Kayah: ꤘꤟꤤ꤬ꤗꤥ꤬ꤊꤚꤢꤩ꤬ꤎꤤ꤬ (dì̤mòkrèsì)

#### Translations
### References

* “democracy”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* democracy in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* "democracy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 93.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “democracy”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.