# 證明
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèngmíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ ming$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳn-mìn
    (Hailu, HRS): zhin$^ˇ$ min
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^4$ ming$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chèng-bêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^3$ mêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsen-min
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngmíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngmíng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-ming$^2$
*** Yale: jèng-míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqming
*** Palladius: чжэнмин (čžɛnmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$正名 證明 / 证明
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: jing mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziin min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zin$^4$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ min¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhin$^ˇ$ min
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ min⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^4$ ming$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci̍ng-míng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁴² miŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^4$ ming$^2$ [Phonetic: zing$^1$ ming$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: tsìng-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeangbeeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^3$ mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsèng mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ meŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsen-min
*** MiniDict: tsen$^去$ min
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsen-min
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³³ min⁴⁴/

### Noun

證明
* (countable, uncountable) proof; evidence (Classifier: 份 m; 個／个 m)
* (countable) certificate (document containing a certified statement, evidencing ownership, etc.); testimonial; reference (Classifier: 份 m; 個／个 m)
    完稅證明／完税证明 ― wánshuì zhèngmíng ― tax payment certificate

#### Usage notes

Unlike the English nouns proof and evidence which are usually uncountable, the Chinese nouns 證據／证据 (zhèngjù) and 證明／证明 (zhèngmíng) can be counted.

#### Synonyms

* (proof):
* 佐證 / 佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
* 例證 / 例证 (lìzhèng)
* 信 (literary, or in compounds)
* 信據 / 信据 (xìnjù) (literary, reliable evidence)
* 力證 / 力证 (lìzhèng) (strong evidence)
* 印證 / 印证 (yìnzhèng)
* 實證 / 实证 (shízhèng) (concrete evidence)
* 干證 (Hokkien)
* 憑 / 凭 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 憑信 / 凭信 (píngxìn)
* 憑據 / 凭据 (píngjù)
* 憑條 / 凭条 (Min Nan)
* 憑證 / 凭证 (píngzhèng)
* 據 / 据 (literary, or in compounds)
* 論證 / 论证 (lùnzhèng)
* 證 / 证 (zhèng)
* 證供 / 证供 (zhènggōng) (Hong Kong)
* 證據 / 证据 (zhèngjù)
* 證見 / 证见 (Hokkien, literary)
* 鐵證 / 铁证 (tiězhèng) (very strong evidence)
* (certificate):
* 證明信 / 证明信 (zhèngmíngxìn) (as a letter)
* 證明書 / 证明书 (zhèngmíngshū)
* 證書 / 证书 (zhèngshū)

#### Derived terms

* 不在場證明 / 不在场证明 (bùzàichǎng zhèngmíng)
* 出生證明 / 出生证明 (chūshēng zhèngmíng)
* 工作證明 / 工作证明 (gōngzuò zhèngmíng)
* 權益證明 / 权益证明 (quányì zhèngmíng)
* 證明人 / 证明人 (zhèngmíngrén)
* 證明信 / 证明信 (zhèngmíngxìn)
* 證明價值 / 证明价值 (zhèngmíng jiàzhí)
* 證明力 / 证明力 (zhèngmínglì)
* 證明書 / 证明书 (zhèngmíngshū)
* 證明責任 / 证明责任 (zhèngmíng zérèn)
* 醫療證明 / 医疗证明 (yīliáo zhèngmíng)
* 零知識證明 / 零知识证明

### Verb

證明
* to prove; to demonstrate; to certify
    茲證明／兹证明 ― zī zhèngmíng ― it is hereby certified
    臨床證明／临床证明 ― línchuáng zhèngmíng ― clinically proven
       Shíjiān huì zhèngmíng yīqiè. [Pinyin]
       Time will tell.
    From: 2014, 周興哲, 在你耳邊說 (Come Out Your Way)
    shìshí zhèngmíng, wǒ tài hútú, dàn wǒ bùpà fùchū [Pinyin]
    The truth shows that I am too foolish, but I am not afraid to put in the effort

#### Synonyms

* 佐證 / 佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
* 印證 / 印证 (yìnzhèng)
* 對證 / 对证 (duìzhèng)
* 證 / 证 (zhèng)
* 證實 / 证实 (zhèngshí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 證 | 明 |
| しょう Hyōgai | めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

證(しょう)明(めい) • (shōmei)
* proof; evidence; verification
* (mathematics) proof

#### Derived terms

* 證明書(しょうめいしょ) (shōmeisho)

### Verb

證(しょう)明(めい)する • (shōmei suru) suru (stem 證(しょう)明(めい)し (shōmei shi), past 證(しょう)明(めい)した (shōmei shita))
* to prove; to confirm
* (mathematics) to prove

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 證明し | しょうめいし | shōmei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 證明し | しょうめいし | shōmei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 證明する | しょうめいする | shōmei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 證明する | しょうめいする | shōmei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 證明すれ | しょうめいすれ | shōmei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 證明せよ¹ 證明しろ² | しょうめいせよ¹ しょうめいしろ² | shōmei seyo¹ shōmei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 證明される | しょうめいされる | shōmei sareru |
| Causative | 證明させる 證明さす | しょうめいさせる しょうめいさす | shōmei saseru shōmei sasu |
| Potential | 證明できる | しょうめいできる | shōmei dekiru |
| Volitional | 證明しよう | しょうめいしよう | shōmei shiyō |
| Negative | 證明しない | しょうめいしない | shōmei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 證明せず | しょうめいせず | shōmei sezu |
| Formal | 證明します | しょうめいします | shōmei shimasu |
| Perfective | 證明した | しょうめいした | shōmei shita |
| Conjunctive | 證明して | しょうめいして | shōmei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 證明すれば | しょうめいすれば | shōmei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 證 | 明 |

### Noun

證明 • (jeungmyeong) (hangeul 증명)
* hanja form of 증명 (“proof”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 證 | 明 |

### Verb

證明
* chữ Hán form of chứng minh (“to prove; to demonstrate”).