# من
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Semitic *min. Cognate with Hebrew מִן (min).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min/

#### Preposition

مِنْ • (min)
* having partitive effect: of, some of, parts of, one of
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 11:78:أَلَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌʔalaysa minkum rajulun rašīdunIs there not a right-minded man among you?
* made of
    تِمْثَالٌ مِنَ ٱلرُّخَامِ ― timṯālun mina r-ruḵāmi ― a statue of marble
    خَاتَمٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ ― ḵātamun min ḏahabin ― a ring of gold, a gold ring
* containing, including
    كُوبٌ مِنَ ٱلْقَهْوَةِ ― kūbun mina l-qahwati ― a cup of coffee
* pertaining to
* to wit
* from, away from, out of
* (time) at, on
* in relation to, with respect to
* due to, owing to
    مَاتَ مِنَ ٱلْعَطَشِ ― māta mina l-ʕaṭaši ― He died of thirst.
* (used to construe certain verbs)
    تَمَكَّنُوا مِنْهُ ― tamakkanū minhu ― They took power over him.
* between; in contrast with
    مَيَّزَ الْجَيِّدَ مِنَ ٱلرَّدِيءِmayyaza l-jayyida mina r-radīʔiHe differentiated/discerned between the good and the bad
    عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ مِنَ ٱلْبَاطِلِʕarafa l-ḥaqqa mina l-bāṭiliHe knew truth from falsehood
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:220:وَٱللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ ٱلْمُصْلِحِwa-llāhu yaʕlamu l-mufsida mina l-muṣliḥiAnd Allah knows the corrupter from the amender.
* (chiefly in the negative) any
    هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ شَكٍّ؟hal fī ḏālika min šakkin?Is there any doubt about that?
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 41:47:وَمَا تَحْمِلُ مِنْ أُنْثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلْمِهِwa-mā taḥmilu min ʔunṯā wa-lā taḍaʕu ʔillā bi-ʕilmihi(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 35:3:هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ ٱللّٰهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِhal min ḵāliqin ḡayru llāhi yarzuqukum mina s-samāʔi wa-l-ʔarḍiIs there any creator other than Allah who provides for you from the heaven and earth?
* than (with comparatives)

##### Derived terms

* مِمَّا (mimmā)
* مِمَّ (mimma)
* مِمَّنْ (mimman)
* مِنْ بَابِ أَوْلَى (min bābi ʔawlā)
* مِنْ بُعْدٍ/بَعْدُ (min buʕdin/baʕdu, “from afar”)
* مِنْ بَعْدِ (min baʕdi, “after”)
* مِنْ قَبْلُ (min qablu, “from the front”)
* مِنْ قَبْلِ (min qabli, “before”)
* مِنْ قُبُلِ (min qubuli, “by, from the part of”)
* مِنْ حَيْثُ (min ḥayṯu, “from where, whence”)
* مِنْ دُونِ (min dūni, “without”)
* مِنْ غَيْرِ (min ḡayri, “without”)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: minn

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *mann-. Cognates include Aramaic מן (man), Ge'ez መኑ (männu) and Amharic ማን (man).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /man/

#### Pronoun

مَنْ • (man) m
* (interrogative) who?
* (interrogative) which?, which one?
* (relative) who, the one who, he who, those who, everyone who
* (conditional) whoever
    مَنْ جَدَّ وَجَدَman jadda wajadaseek and ye shall find(literally, “Whoever strives will find”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 99:7-8:فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُfa-man yaʕmal miṯqāla ḏarratin ḵayran yarahu wa-man yaʕmal miṯqāla ḏarratin šarran yarahuSo whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it.

##### Usage notes

* Grammatically a masculine singular, the pronoun is semantically gender- and number-neutral.

##### Derived terms

* لِمَن (liman) ،فَمَن (faman) ،أَفَمَن (ʔafaman)

### Etymology 3

The noun is modelled on a large scale upon Aramaic מַנָּא / ܡܢܐ (mannā) from the same root.

#### Verb

مَنَّ • (manna) I (non-past يَمُنُّ (yamunnu), verbal noun مَنّ (mann) or مِنَّة (minna))
* to be kind, kindly, benign, gracious, benevolent (عَلَى (ʕalā))
* to show, to grant, to confer (عَلَى (ʕalā))
    إن المسلمين يعرفون المهارات القيادية المختلفة التي مَنَّ بها الله على نبيّه الكريم.Muslims know the different leadership skills that God has bestowed upon His noble Prophet.[translit?]
* (obsolete) to cut off, to curtail
* (obsolete) to jade, to tire
* (obsolete) to decrease, to diminish, to reduce
* to reproach, to upbraid [transitive ‘with the benefit received’ with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘whom’]
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:22:وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَwa-tilka niʕmatun tamunnuhā ʕalayya ʔan ʕabbadta banī ʔisrāʔīlaAnd this is the past favour wherewith thou reproachest me: that thou hast enslaved the Children of Israel.

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

مَنّ • (mann) m
* verbal noun of مَنَّ (manna) (form I)
* favor, benefit, blessing, boon
* gracious bestowal, gift, largess
* manna
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:80:يَا بَنِي إِسْرَاءِيلَ قَدْ أَنْجَيْنٰكُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَوٰعَدْنٰكُمْ جَانِبَ ٱلطُّورِ ٱلْأَيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَنَّ وَٱلسَّلْوَىyā banī ʔisrāʔīla qad ʔanjaynākum min ʕaduwwikum wa-wāʕadnākum jāniba ṭ-ṭūri l-ʔaymana wa-nazzalnā ʕalaykumu l-manna wa-s-salwāO sons of Israel, We did deliver you from your enemy and We did covenant with you on the right side of the Mount [Sinai] and We did send down unto you the manna and the quails.
** 1865 CE, Bible (SVD), Book of Exodus, 16:35:وَأَكَلَ بَنُو إِسْرَاءِيلَ ٱلْمَنَّ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً حَتَّى جَاءُوا إِلَى أَرْضٍ عَامِرَةٍ.wa-ʔakala banū ʔisrāʔīla l-manna ʔarbaʕīna sanatan ḥattā jāʔū ʔilā ʔarḍin ʕāmiratin.And the sons of Israel have eaten the manna [for] forty years, until their coming to the land to be inhabited.
* (countable) a sweet liquid substance such as honey, nectar, or manna; honeydew

##### Declension
#### Noun

مَنّ • (mann) m (collective, singulative مَنَّة f (manna))
* aphid

##### Declension
#### References

* Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 84, page 25
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 271–272

### Etymology 4

From Aramaic מָנָא (mānā), from Akkadian 𒈠𒉡𒌑 (manû), whence also Sumerian 𒈠𒈾 (ma-na /⁠mana⁠/) and Hebrew מָנֶה (mānḗ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mann/

#### Noun

مَنّ • (mann) m (plural أَمْنَان (ʔamnān))
* a historical unit of mass – translatable as mina or maund – varying usually between ca. 1–3 kilograms, however in some cases also going up over 40 kilograms.

##### Declension
#### References

* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 203
* Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 69
* Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 20
* Mann (Einheit) on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$

### Further reading

* Freytag, Georg (1837) “من”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 211–212
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “من”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 1084–1085

## Azerbaijani
### Pronoun

من
* Arabic spelling of mən (“I”)

#### Declension
## Baluchi
### Pronoun

من • (man)
* first-person singular subjective personal pronoun: I
| Case | Personal | Personal | Personal | Personal | Personal |
| Case | 1st person | 1st person | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person |
| Case | sg. | Plural Inclusive | Plural Default | sg. | sg. & pl. |
| Direct/Oblique | من | ماشما | ما | تئو | شما |
| Object | منا | ماشمارا | مارا | ترا | شمارا |
| Genitive | منی | مئےشمے | مئے | تئیی | شمئے |

### References

* Jahani, C. 2019. A Grammar of Modern Standard Balochi. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 36. 292 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-513-0820-3.

## Central Kurdish
### Etymology

Compare Persian من (man).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɪn/

### Pronoun

| Northern Kurdish | ez |
| Southern Kurdish | م (mi) |
من (min)
* I
* me
* my, mine

#### See also
## Chagatai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).

### Pronoun

من (män)
* I

#### Declension
## Karakhanid
### Alternative forms

* بَنْ (ben) (Oghuz language)

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”). Cognate with Turkish ben (“I”), Turkish -im (“first person singular suffix”).

### Pronoun

من (men)
* I

### Postposition

من (men)
* Denotes "to be" for first person singular when at the end of an object; am.
* Denotes first person singular after various tenses.

#### Usage notes

* It can be said that the word acts as a suffix.

## Khalaj
### Pronoun

مَن (mən) (definite accusative مه‌نۆ, plural بیز)
* Arabic spelling of mən (“I”)

#### See also
## Khorasani Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mæn/

### Pronoun

من (män)
* I

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic مِن (min, “from, of, than”). Possibly conflated with Arabic مُنْذُ (munḏu, “since, for”) in some senses.

#### Preposition

من • (min, mn, mni)
* than
* from, of
    تعبت من الحكي ― tʿibt mni l-ḥaki ― I’m tired of talking.
* ago
    شفتك من كم يوم ― šiftak min kam yōm ― I saw you a few days ago.
* since
    من إيام المدرسة مش حاكيينmin ʾiyyām il-madrase miš ḥākyīnWe haven't spoken since [our] school days.

##### Usage notes

* The underlying form is min, but the pronunciation is determined by the phonotactical environment. The medial -i- will usually be deleted following vowels (including epenthetic linking vowels as in the example above).
* Suffixes are attached to the stem minn-, for example منك (minnak, “from you”). The third-person singular feminine merges with the first-person plural as منا (minna, “from her; from us”). However, the feminine may also be realized as منها (minha), and the plural occasionally as منِنا (minina, specifically /mɪnina/), to avoid confusion. (The latter change is rarer, but can be seen somewhat-more-commonly in analogous dialectical derivations of the stem إن (inn-, “that”).)

#### Conjunction

من • (min)
* since ... was/were; followed by a personal pronoun + و to express a now-untrue past state
    من أنا وصغير ― min ana w-ẓḡīr ― ever since I was little
    من نحنا وبالمدرسة مش حاكيينmin niḥna w-bi-l-madrase mish ḥākyīnWe haven't spoken since we were in school.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic مَا إنَّ (mā ʔinna).

#### Adverb

من • (mann)
* (false verb) not to be (always followed by a personal suffix)
    المحل منو مفتوح ― l-maḥall mannu maftūḥ ― The shop isn’t open.

##### Synonyms

* مش (miš)
* مان (mān) (regional)

## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Pronoun

مَنْ (män)
* (Azerbaijan, East Anatolia) Alternative form of بَنْ (ben, “I”)

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: mən
* Ottoman Turkish: (dialectal) من (men)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Pronoun

من • (men)
* Alternative form of بن (ben, “I”)

## Pashto
### Noun

من • (man) m
* maund (unit of mass)

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫗 (man, “me (early), I (later)”) from Old Persian 𐎶𐎴 (m-n /⁠mana⁠/, “me”) from Proto-Iranian *máHm from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHm (“accusative singular of *aȷ́ʰám”). Cognate with Sanskrit मा (mā, “me”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀 (mana, “me”), Ancient Greek ἐμέ (emé, “accusative of "ἐγώ"”), and Latin me (“accusative of "ego"”).

#### Alternative forms

* مو (mo), مه (ma) (dialectal)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [man]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [män]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [män]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [män]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [män]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

#### Pronoun

مَن • (man)
* I
    Synonyms: (dated) بنده (bande), اینجانب (injâneb)
    من رفتم. ― man raftam. ― I went.
    او من را دید. ― u man râ did. ― He saw me.
* (generally with following را) me
    Synonyms: (dated) بنده (bande), اینجانب (injâneb)
* (at the end of a Genitive ezafe) my

##### Usage notes

* When acting as the grammatical object, the form من را (man râ) is used. Which can be contracted into مرا (marâ).
* (colloquial, Iran) when acting as the grammatical object it is commonly contracted with را (râ) into منو (mano).

#### See also

* colloquial pronunciations
$^1$ Only applies to Dari. $^2$ Only applies to Classical Persian. $^3$ Not formal in Tajik. $^4$ The plural forms آن‌ها and آنان are typically interchangeable. $^5$ All accusative pronouns can be created with the nominative + را; only unique forms are included.

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian, from Akkadian 𒈠𒉡𒌑 (manû).

#### Noun

مَن • (man)
* maund (unit of mass)

## Punjabi
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit मनस् (mánas), from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”).

#### Noun

مَن • (man) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਨ)
* (literally) mind, intellect
* desire; wish
* intention

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

مَنّ • (mann)
* inflection of مَنّݨا (mannṇā):
** stem
** second-person singular familiar imperative

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “من”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* “من”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِن (min, “from, of, than”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min/, [mɪn]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Preposition

من • (min)
* from, of
    Antonyms: لـ (la-), على (ʕala)
* (time) since, for
    Antonyms: لـ (la-), حتى (ḥatta), لحد (la-ḥadd)
* than (with comparatives)
* such as, for example

#### See also

* ممّا (mimma, “than”, conjunction)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian من (man), ultimately from Akkadian 𒈠𒈾 (manûm).

### Noun

من • (man) m (Hindi spelling मन)
* maund (unit of mass)

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu من (man).

### Noun

من (man)
* maund (unit of mass)
* 50 kilos