# stock
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) enPR: stŏk, IPA: /stɒk/
* (US) enPR: stäk, IPA: /stɑk/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒk
* Homophones: stalk (cot–caught merger); stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

#### Noun

stock (countable and uncountable, plural stocks or (obsolete) stocken)
* A store or supply.
** 1899, William George Aston, "Preface", in A History of Japanese Literature
    The Italian adage is particularly applicable to translators from the Japanese. Even when they have a competent knowledge of the language they cannot possibly reproduce all the metaphors, allusions, quotations, and illustrations which form the stock of the Japanese author, and which are in great part unintelligible without a profusion of explanatory notes intolerable to the reader.
** (operations) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.
    Hyponyms: new old stock < deadstock
    We have a stock of televisions on hand.
    I checked in the back of the stockroom and found some more stock.
** A supply of anything, stored until used; especially, such a supply that is ready for use.
    Lay in a stock of wood for the winter season.
** Railroad rolling stock.
    The Grand Trunk Railway had just purchased a large order of stock from the American Car and Foundry Company.
** (card games, in a card game) A stack of undealt cards made available to the players.
** Farm or ranch animals; livestock.
    Good ranchers must continually keep watch over the health of their stock.
*** 1881, William Rowntrie Robertson, Reports on the Agricultural Conditions, Capabilities, and Prospects Of The Neilgherry And Coimbatore Districts, page 33:[…] the open land is generally covered by a grass which grows in tussacs, and produces tufts of hard, crisp, pointed blades. Stock will never willingly eat this grass; […]
** The population of a given type of animal (especially fish) available to be captured from the wild for economic use.
    The stocks of this fishery are recovering from overfishing, but the gains can easily reverse if our husbandry efforts lapse.
* (finance) The capital raised by a company through the issue of shares; the total of shares held by an individual shareholder.
    His grandpa had bought some stock in General Electric in 1905, and he refused to sell it ever after.
** The price or value of the stock of a company on the stock market.
    When the bad news came out, the company's stock dropped precipitously.
** (especially US) A share in a company.
** (figurative) The measure of how highly a person or institution is valued.
    Synonym: reputation
    After that last screw-up of mine, my stock is pretty low around here.
*** 2022 January 17, Jonathan Martin, Maggie Haberman, “Who Is King of Florida? Tensions Rise Between Trump and a Former Acolyte.”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:With his stock rising fast in the party, the governor has conspicuously refrained from saying he would stand aside if Mr. Trump runs for the Republican nomination for president in 2024.
** Any of several types of security that are similar to a stock, or marketed like one.
* The raw material from which things are made, such as feedstock.
** (cooking, uncountable, countable) Broth made from meat (originally bones) or vegetables, used as a basis for stew or soup.
    They make beef stock from the butchery scraps that they otherwise might not have used.
** The type of paper used in printing.
    The books were printed on a heavier stock this year.
** Ellipsis of film stock.
** Plain soap before it is coloured and perfumed.
* Stock theater, summer stock theater.
* The trunk and woody main stems or limbs of a tree; the base from which something grows or branches.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 14:8–9:Though the roote thereof waxe old in the earth, and the stocke thereof die in the ground: Yet through the sent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughes like a plant.
** (horticulture) The plant upon which the scion is grafted.
    Coordinate term: scion
*** 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:The cion overruleth the stock quite.
** (by extension) Lineage; family; ancestry.
*** c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene i:UUhat, ſhall I call thee brother? No, a foe, Monſter of Nature, ſhame vnto thy ſtocke, That darſt preſume thy Soueraigne for to mocke.
*** 2003 November 14, Jacques Peretti, “You are a bad man trying to do bad things to Vincent”, in The Guardian‎:His hatred is not based upon whom these people are (like many rightwing Republicans, Gallo comes from immigrant stock), but how easily these people have come by success in America.
*** 2010, Lewis Richard Farnell, The Cults of the Greek States, page 108:We may also conclude that as it was the Ionic γένη of the Attic tetrapolis who in the main achieved the Ionization of Athens, so it was a branch of this same stock that settled at Delos […]
*** (linguistics) A larger grouping of language families: a superfamily or macrofamily.
* Any of the several species of cruciferous flowers in the genus Matthiola.
* A handle or stem to which the working part of an implement or weapon is attached.
** (firearms) The part of a rifle or shotgun that rests against the shooter's shoulder.
*** 2013, Tom Turpin, Modern Custom Guns: Walnut, Steel, and Uncommon Artistry, 2nd edition, Iola, Wis.: Gun Digest Books, →ISBN, page 47:The most underrated component in building a custom gun is the metalsmithing. Stock work immediately attracts attention. Fancy checkering patterns, meticulously executed, are sure to elicit oohs and ahhs.
** The handle of a whip, fishing rod, etc.
* Part of a machine that supports items or holds them in place.
** The headstock of a lathe, drill, etc.
** The tailstock of a lathe.
* A bar, stick, or rod.
** A ski pole.
** (nautical) A bar going through an anchor, perpendicular to the flukes.
*** 1904–1906, Joseph Conrad, chapter IV, in The Mirror of the Sea, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, published October 1906, →OCLC:The honest, rough piece of iron, so simple in appearance, has more parts than the human body has limbs: the ring, the stock, the crown, the flukes, the palms, the shank. All this, according to the journalist, is “cast” when a ship arriving at an anchorage is brought up.
** (nautical) The axle attached to the rudder, which transfers the movement of the helm to the rudder.
** (geology) A pipe (vertical cylinder of ore)
* A type of (now formal or official) neckwear.
** A necktie or cravat, particularly a wide necktie popular in the eighteenth century, often seen today as a part of formal wear for horse riding competitions.
*** 1915, W. Somerset Maugham, “chapter 116”, in Of Human Bondage:He wore a brown tweed suit and a white stock. His clothes hung loosely about him as though they had been made for a much larger man. He looked like a respectable farmer of the middle of the nineteenth century.
*** 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), page 417:His grey waistcoat sported pearl buttons, and he wore a stock which set off to admiration a lean and aquiline face which was almost as grey as the rest of him.
** A piece of black cloth worn under a clerical collar.
* A bed for infants; a crib, cot, or cradle
* (folklore) A piece of wood magically made to be just like a real baby and substituted for it by magical beings.
* (obsolete) A cover for the legs; a stocking.
* A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a firm support; a post.
** 1673, John Milton, “[Sonnet] XV. On the late Massacher in Piemont.”, in Poems, &c. upon Several Occasions, London: […] Tho[mas] Dring […], →OCLC, page 58:When all our Fathers worſhip't Stocks and Stones,
** 1655, Thomas Fuller, The History of Waltham Abbey:Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal, and in no case of brick.
* (by extension, obsolete) A person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or post; one who has little sense.
** c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks.
* (UK, historical) The longest part of a split tally stick formerly struck in the exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness.
* (shipbuilding, in the plural) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests during construction.
* (UK, in the plural) Red and grey bricks, used for the exterior of walls and the front of buildings.
* (biology) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of individuals, such as trees, chains of salpae, etc.
* The beater of a fulling mill.
** 1842, Jam Bischoff, A Comprehensive History of the Woollen and Worsted Manufactures:[…] a somewhat rude machine called the stocks, and consisting of a pair of wooden mallets, worked alternately by a cog wheel.

##### Synonyms

* (farm or ranch animals): livestock
* (railroad equipment): rolling stock
* (raw material): feedstock
* (paper for printing): card stock
* (plant used in grafting): rootstock, understock
* (axle attached to rudder): rudder stock, rudderstock
* (wide necktie): stock-tie

##### Hyponyms

* buffer stock
* capital stock
* certificated stock
* coaching stock
* common stock
* corporate stock
* deferred stock
* empty stock working
* evening stock (Matthiola longipetala)
* fish stock
* growth stock
* hoary stock (Matthiola incana)
* night-scented stock (Matthiola longipetala)
* penny stock
* preference stock
* preferred stock
* private stock
* restricted stock
* sad stock (Matthiola fruticulosa)
* sea stock (Matthiola sinuata)
* standing stock
* take stock
* three-horned stock (Matthiola tricuspidata)
* tracking stock
* treasury stock
* unissued stock

##### Derived terms

* bar stock
* bump stock
* bump-stock
* bun stock
* cover stock
* cult stock
* dead-stock
* dead stock
* empty coaching stock
* ex-stock
* ex stock
* fancy stock
* gunstock
* gun stock
* hepping-stock
* hook stock
* housing stock
* jesting-stock
* joint-stock bank
* joint-stock company
* laughing-stock
* laughingstock, laughing stock
* letter stock
* livestock
* live stock
* live-stock
* Mannlicher stock
* master stock
* meme stock
* on the stock
* on the stocks
* out of stock
* phantom stock
* pointing-stock
* put stock in
* rolling stock
* safety stock
* scoffing-stock
* seed stock
* shadow stock
* stand stock still
* still as a stock
* stock account
* stockade
* stock and trade
* stock-and-trade
* stock animal
* stock answer
* stock ball
* stock-bow
* stock bowler
* stock-boy
* stock boy
* stockbroker
* stock bubble
* stock car
* stock certificate
* stock character
* stock company
* stock control
* stock cube
* stock dove
* stock down
* stock exchange
* stockfish
* stock footage
* stock-gillyflower
* stockholder
* stocking
* stock-in-trade
* stock in trade
* stockish
* stockist
* stockjobber
* stock-keeping unit
* stock knowledge
* stock lending
* stockless
* stocklist, stock list
* stock loan
* stock lock
* stockman
* stock market
* stock market crash
* stock market index
* stock melon
* stock of record
* stock of trade
* stock option
* stock out
* stockout
* stock-out
* stock photo
* stock phrase
* stock-picker
* stockpicker
* stock picker
* stock pigeon
* stockpile
* stock pond
* stock pot
* stock price
* stock prod
* stock promoter
* stock room
* stocks
* stock sheet
* stock split
* stock-still, stock still
* stock symbol
* stock tackle
* stock-take
* stock-taking
* stock ticker
* stock ticker symbol
* stock up
* stock-up
* stock variable
* stock vehicle
* stock video
* stocky
* stockyard
* stonks
* street stock
* trustee stock
* Virginia stock
* watered stock
* word-stock

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: stock
* → French: stock
** → Romanian: stoc
** → Turkish: stok
* → Italian: stock
* → Portuguese: estoque
* → Spanish: stock

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

stock (third-person singular simple present stocks, present participle stocking, simple past and past participle stocked)
* To have on hand for sale.
    The store stocks all kinds of dried vegetables.
** 2005, William Froug, How I Escaped from Gilligan's Island:...he would not stock any product on his shelves from any company that hired a communist or, as it was called at the time, a comsymp.
* To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to supply.
    to stock a warehouse with goods
    to stock a farm, i.e. to supply it with cattle and tools
    to stock land, i.e. to occupy it with a permanent growth, especially of grass
** 1951 February, K. Westcott Jones, “Some Australian Railway Byways”, in Railway Magazine, page 118:A rather interesting and notable convenience, however, is that of ice water bags, which are hung on to the outside of the coaches at certain stops. These can be reached by leaning out of the window rather perilously, to unhook them, and paper cups are stocked in the compartments.
* To allow (cows) to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more prior to sale.
* To put in the stocks as punishment.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):Poor Tom, that […] eats cow-dung for sallets; swallows the old rat, and the ditch-dog; drinks the green mantle of the standing pool; who is whipp'd from tything to tything, and stock'd, punish'd, and imprison'd
* (nautical) To fit (an anchor) with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place.
* (card games, dated) To arrange cards in a certain manner for cheating purposes; to stack the deck.

##### Derived terms

* make to stock
* stock up on

##### Translations
#### Adjective

stock (not comparable)
* Of a type normally available for purchase/in stock.
    stock items
    stock sizes
* (motor racing, of a race car) Having the same configuration as cars sold to the non-racing public, or having been modified from such a car.
* Straightforward, ordinary, just another, very basic.
    He gave me a stock answer.

##### Translations
#### See also

* DJIA
* foodstock

### Etymology 2

From Italian stoccata.

#### Noun

stock (plural stocks)
* A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado.

### Anagrams

* 'tocks, tocks

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English stock.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stock m (plural stocks, diminutive stockje n)
* stock, goods in supply
* basic capital
* shares (equity)

#### Derived terms

* stockdividend n

### References

* M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English stock.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔk/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stock m (plural stocks)
* stock, goods in supply
* stock, a reserve (generally)
* Supply of (wild) fish available for commerce, stock

#### Derived terms

* en rupture de stock
* stocker
* stockage

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: stoc
* → Turkish: stok

### Further reading

* “stock”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English stock.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔk/
* Rhymes: -ɔk
* Hyphenation: stòck

### Noun

stock
* stock, goods in supply, inventory

### References

* ↑ stock in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English stock.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈtok/ [esˈt̪ok]
** Rhymes: -ok
* IPA: /ˈstok/ [ˈst̪ok]
** Rhymes: -ok

### Noun

stock m (plural stocks)
* stock, inventory

#### Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

#### Further reading

* “stock”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish stokker, from Old Norse stokkr, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”).

### Noun

stock c
* a log (trunk of a dead tree)
* a stock (of a gun)
* (in some compounds) a thick (wooden) object
* a pack of snus, usually ten, wrapped in plastic film or packed in a light cardboard box
    Synonyms: rulle, limpa
* (historical) pillory (instrument of punishment)

#### Related terms

* ekstock
* stocka
* stockeld
* Stockholm
* stockning
* timmerstock

#### See also

* balk
* bjälke
* flottning
* stam
* stuga
* timmer
* virke

### Further reading

* stock in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* stock in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)