# jahat
## Danish
### Etymology

ja (“yes”) +‎ hat (“hat”)

### Noun

jahat c (singular definite jahatten, plural indefinite jahatte)
* (often ironic) An imagined hat that supposedly causes the wearer to accept a change.
    Tag din jahat på. ― Uncritically obey me. (literally, “Take on your yes-hat”)
** 2014, Svend Brinkmann, Stå fast: Et opgør med tidens udviklingstvang, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:Har man kun en jahat, bliver man offer for enhver tilskyndelse, hvad enten den kommer udefra eller indefra.If all one has is a yes-hat, one falls victim to any suggestion, whether it comes from without or within.
** 2013, Lars Kjædegaard, Sorte sø, Rosinante & Co, →ISBN:En gang imellem forekom det hende, at det mest konstruktive, det mest effektive, det mest ærlige, ville være at skide højt og flot på den professionalisme, tage jahatten af, krølle den sammen og hoppe på den og så ellers fortælle de involverede jappehoveder, at de for hendes skyld kunne gå hjem og tage gas.Every once in a while, it seemed to her that the most constructive, the most efficient, the most honest, would be to refrain from giving a flying fuck about that professionalism, to take off the yes-hat, crumple it, jump on it, and inform the yakkers that she would not mind if they all went home and took gas.
** 2012, Anders Seneca, Morten Christensen, Kend din kerneopgave: Innovation til hverdag, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:Hvis pjecer og jahatte kunne ændre hverdagen i innovativ retning, så ville den offentlige sektor i sig selv være arnested for massiv innovation.If pamphlets and blind obedience could change the everyday in an innovative direction, the public sector would in itself be an epicenter of massive innovation.

#### Antonyms

* nejhat

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* djahat (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

### Etymology

From Malay jahat, from Classical Malay جاهت (jahat), from Old Malay [script needed] (jāhat), from Proto-Malayic *jahat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaqat (“bad, evil”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒahat/ [ˈd͡ʒa.hat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -ahat
* Syllabification: ja‧hat

### Adjective

jahat
* bad; evil
* naughty; undisciplined
* malicious

#### Derived terms

* berjahat
* kejahatan
* menjahati
* menjahatkan
* penjahat

### Further reading

* “jahat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *jahat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaqat (“bad, evil”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (jāhat).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʒa.hat/
* Rhymes: -ahat, -hat, -at

### Adjective

jahat (Jawi spelling جاهت)
* bad, evil
* naughty, undisciplined
* malicious

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* penjahat [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* kejahatan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* sejahat [comparability] (se-)
* menjahatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* menjahati [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* berjahat [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* sejahat-jahat [reduplication + immediacy / habitual] (redup + se-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: jahat

### Verb

berjahat
* to commit evil
* to sin

### Verb

menjahati
* to commit evil upon someone
    Jangan kau menjahati orang-orang yang lemah.You shall not oppress the deprived.

### Noun

jahat (plural jahat-jahat, informal 1st possessive jahatku, 2nd possessive jahatmu, 3rd possessive jahatnya)
* (dialect, Johor) a serial killer

### References

* "jahat" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “jahat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Sundanese
### Adjective

jahat (Sundanese script ᮏᮠᮒ᮪)
* evil, bad

#### Derived terms

* kajahatan (“evilness; crime”)