# 十二月
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shí'èryuè
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄩㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^2$ er$^4$ yue$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыэрйүә (šɨeryüə, I-III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sap$^6$ ji$^6$ jyut$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-ngi-ngie̍t / sṳ̍p-ngi-ngia̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): seb$^6$ ngi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
* Northern Min (KCR): sí-nī-ngṳè
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk-nê-nguŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p-lī-ge̍rh / cha̍p-lī-ge̍h / cha̍p-jī-goe̍h / cha̍p-jī-ge̍h / cha̍p-gī-goe̍h / cha̍p-jī-gēr / cha̍p-jī-gōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zab$^8$ ri$^6$ ghuêh$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq-gni-yuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shí'èryuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíh-èryuè
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-êrh$^4$-yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: shŕ-èr-ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrellyueh
*** Palladius: шиэрюэ (šierjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^2$ er$^4$ yue$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: srye
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹ ɚ²¹³ ye²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыэрйүә (šɨeryüə, I-III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɛɻ⁴⁴ yə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sap$^6$ ji$^6$ jyut$^6$
*** Yale: sahp yih yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sap$^9$ ji$^6$ jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seb$^6$ yi$^6$ yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐp̚² jiː²² jyːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-ngi-ngie̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: siib ngi ngied
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sib$^6$ ngi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ ŋi⁵⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-ngi-ngia̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: siib ngi ngiad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sib$^6$ ngi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ ŋi⁵⁵ ŋi̯at̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: seb$^6$ ngi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵ ŋi⁵³ ŋiat̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-nī-ngṳè
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁴ ni⁵⁵ ŋyɛ⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk-nê-nguŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋuoʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-lī-ge̍rh
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-lī-ge̍rh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² ɡəʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /t͡sap̚³⁵⁻² li³¹⁻²² ɡəʔ³⁵/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sap̚⁵⁴⁻³² li²²⁻¹² ɡəʔ⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-lī-ge̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-lī-ge̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zablixgeh
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ ɡeʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ ɡeʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² ɡeʔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-jī-goe̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-jī-gue̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabjixgoeh
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² zi³³⁻²¹ ɡueʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³ d͡zi²¹ ɡueʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi²²⁻²¹ ɡueʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Tainan): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻¹ d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ ɡueʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-jī-ge̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-jī-ge̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabjixgeh
** (Hokkien: Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-gī-goe̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-gī-gue̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabgixgoeh
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-jī-gēr
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-jī-gēr
** (Hokkien: Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-jī-gōe
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-jī-guē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabjixgoe
*** IPA (Yilan): /t͡sap̚⁵⁻² d͡zi³³⁻²¹ ɡue³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zab$^8$ ri$^6$ ghuêh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p jĭ gue̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sap̚⁴⁻² d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ ɡueʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-gni-yuq
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ nyi yuih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq-nyi-hhyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ n̠ʲi²² ɦyɪʔ²³/

### Noun

十二月
* December
* twelfth month of the Chinese calendar

#### Synonyms

* (lunar month):
** (common) 臘月／腊月 (Làyuè)
** (archaic) 冰月 (Bīngyuè), 嚴月／严月, 除月, 殘霜天／残霜天, 星回, 嘉平, 季冬 (Jìdōng), 嘉平, 窮節／穷节

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: cap ji gwee

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 二 | 月 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 | に Grade: 1 | がつ Grade: 1 |
| goon | goon | kan'yōon |
* Alternative spelling
* 12月
From 十二(じゅうに) (jūni, “twelve”) + 月(がつ) (-gatsu, counter for the month of the year).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうにがつ [jùúnígátsúꜜ] (Odaka – [5]) noun
* (Tokyo) じゅうにがつ [jùúnígátsú] (Heiban – [0]) adverb
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːɲ̟iɡa̠t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) • (jūnigatsu)
* December
* the twelfth month of the year
    Synonyms: 極月 (gokugetsu), 師走 (shiwasu)

##### Derived terms

* 十二(じゅうに)月(がつ)党(とう) (Jūnigatsu-tō)

#### See also

* 一(いち)月(がつ) (ichigatsu)
* 二(に)月(がつ) (nigatsu)
* 三(さん)月(がつ) (sangatsu)
* 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu)
* 五(ご)月(がつ) (gogatsu)
* 六(ろく)月(がつ) (rokugatsu)
* 七(しち)月(がつ) (shichigatsu)
* 八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu)
* 九(く)月(がつ) (kugatsu)
* 十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu)
* 十(じゅう)一(いち)月(がつ) (jūichigatsu)
* 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 二 | 月 |
| しわす |||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun |||
From Old Japanese of unknown derivation.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しわす [shìwású] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕiβ̞a̠sɨ]

#### Noun

十二月(しわす) • (shiwasu)
* Alternative spelling of 師走 (shiwasu): the twelfth month of the lunar calendar; the month of preparation for the new year
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1648:, text here
    十二月(しはす)尓者(には)沫雪零(あわゆきふる)跡(と)不知(しらね)可毛(かも)梅(うめの)花開(はなさく)含(ふふ)不有(めらずし)而(て) [Man'yōgana]
    十二月(しはす)には淡雪(あわゆき)降(ふ)ると知(し)らねかも梅(うめ)の花(はな)咲(さ)くふふめらずして [Modern spelling]

#### See also

* 十(じゅう)二(に)ヶ(か)月(げつ) (jūnikagetsu)
* 十(じゅう)二(に)月(げつ)建(けん) (jūnigetsuken)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 十 | 二 | 月 |

### Noun

十二月 • (sibiwol) (hangeul 십이월)
* hanja form of 십이월 (“December”)