# 五十
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wǔshí
       (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄕˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu$^3$ si$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вушы (vušɨ, II-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ng$^5$ sap$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): m$^2$ sip$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ńg-sṳ̍p
* Northern Min (KCR): ngù-sī
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngô-sĕk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gǒ͘-cha̍p / gō͘-cha̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngou$^6$ zab$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ng-zeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u$^3$ shr$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔshíh
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: wǔ-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuushyr
*** Palladius: уши (uši)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$五十 午時 / 午时
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wu$^3$ si$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: us
*** Sinological IPA : /vu⁵³ sz̩²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вушы (vušɨ, II-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /vou⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ng$^5$ sap$^6$
*** Yale: ńgh sahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ng$^5$ sap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ng$^5$ seb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ̍¹³ sɐp̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: m$^2$ sip$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /m̩⁵⁵ sip̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-sṳ̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: ng$^ˋ$ siib
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ng$^3$ sib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ sɨp̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngù-sī
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋu⁴² si⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngô-sĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$lɛiʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gǒ͘-cha̍p
*** Tâi-lô: gǒo-tsa̍p
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²² t͡sap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /ɡɔ³³⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/
*** IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /ɡɔ³³⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Sanxia, Magong, Kinmen, Taichung, Singapore, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘-cha̍p
*** Tâi-lô: gōo-tsa̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goxzap
*** IPA (Taipei, Tainan): /ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /ɡɔ²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /ɡɔ²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan): /ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngou$^6$ zab$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŏu tsa̍p
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ng-zeq
*** MiniDict: ng$^去$ zeh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhngg-zeq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋ̍²² zəʔ⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: u$^3$ shr$^6$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /u⁴¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /u⁴¹ sz̩²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: nguX dzyip
Rime :
| Character | 五 | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 疑古切 | 是執切 |
| Baxter | nguX | dzyip |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋuo$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋuo$^X$/ | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋo$^X$/ | /d͡ʑjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɔ$^X$/ | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋo$^X$/ | /ʑiəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋu$^X$/ | /ʑĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋuo$^X$/ | /ʑi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǔ | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ng$^5$ | sap$^6$ |

### Numeral

五十
* fifty; 50

#### Synonyms

* (chiefly years of age) 半百 (bànbǎi)

#### Derived terms

* 五十一 (wǔshíyī)
* 五十七 (wǔshíqī)
* 五十三 (wǔshísān)
* 五十九 (wǔshíjiǔ)
* 五十二 (wǔshí'èr)
* 五十五 (wǔshíwǔ)
* 五十八 (wǔshíbā)
* 五十六 (wǔshíliù)
* 五十四 (wǔshísì)
* 五十步笑一百步 (wǔshí bù xiào yībǎi bù)
* 五十步笑百步 (wǔshí bù xiào bǎi bù)
* 五十肩 (wǔshíjiān)
* 五十音 (wǔshíyīn)
* 親情五十 / 亲情五十

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 五十(ごじゅう) (gojū)
* → Korean: 오십(五十) (osip)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 十 |
| ご Grade: 1 | じゅう Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
/ɡoʑipu/ → /ɡoʑifu/ → /ɡoʑɨu/ → /ɡoʑuː/
From Middle Chinese compound 五十 (MC nguX dzyip).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ごじゅう [gòjúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɡo̞ʑɨː]

#### Numeral

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (gojū)
* fifty, 50

##### Derived terms

* 五(ご)十(じゅう)韻(いん) (gojūin)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)腕(うで) (gojū-ude)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)貨(か)幣(へい) (gojū-en kahei)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)札(さつ) (gojū-en satsu)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)玉(だま) (gojū-endama)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん) (gojūon)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)肩(かた) (gojū-kata)
* 五(ゴ)十(ジュウ)雀(カラ) (gojūkara)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん) (gojikken)
** 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん)茶(ぢゃ)屋(や) (gojikken jaya)
** 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん)道(みち) (gojikken michi)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)五(ご)刻(こく) (gojūgo-koku)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)五(ご)年(ねん)体(たい)制(せい) (Gojūgo-nen Taisei)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)算(さん) (gojissan)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)四(し)郡(ぐん) (Gojūshigun)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)銭(せん)銀(ぎん)貨(か)幣(へい) (gojissen ginkahei)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)銭(せん)札(さつ) (gojissen satsu)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)蔵(ぞう) (Gojūzō)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)挺(ちょう)立(だ)て (gojitchōdate)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)展(てん)転(てん) (Gojū Tenten)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)位(い) (Gojūni I)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)類(るい) (Gojūni Rui)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)三(さん)次(つぎ) (Gojūsan Tsugi)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)日(にち) (Gojū-nichi)
** 五(ご)十(じゅう)日(にち)鬘(かずら) (Gojū-nichi Kazura)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (gojū-nen)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん)忌(き) (gojū nenki)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)の賀(が) (gojū no ga)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)パーセント致(ち)死(し)量(りょう) (gojippāsento chishi-ryō)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)番(ばん)歌(うた)合(あわせ) (Gojūban Uta Awase)
* 五(ご)十(じっ)歩(ぽ) (gojippo)
* L(エル)D(ディー)50(ごじゅう) (eru-dī-gojū)
* 狂(くる)う五(ご)十(じゅう)度(ど) (kuruu gojū-do)
* 丁(ちょう)五(ご)十(じゅう) (chōgojū)
* 百(ひゃく)五(ご)十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)の壁(かべ) (hyakugojūman-en no kabe)

##### Proverbs

* 五(ご)十(じゅう)煙草(タバコ)に百(ひゃく)酒(ざけ) (gojū tabako ni hyaku-zake)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)にして四(し)十(じゅう)九年(くねん)の非(ひ)を知(し)る (gojū ni shite shijūku-nen no hi o shiru)
* 五(ご)十(じゅう)にして天(てん)命(めい)を知(し)る (gojū ni shite tenmei o shiru)
* 明日(あす)の百(ひゃく)より今日(きょう)の五(ご)十(じゅう) (asu no hyaku yori kyō no gojū)
* 人(じん)生(せい)僅(わず)か五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (jinsei wazuka gojū-nen)
* 人(にん)間(げん)僅(わず)か五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (ningen wazuka gojū-nen)

#### Noun

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (gojū)
* a fifty-year-old

#### Proper noun

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (Gojū)
* Short for 五十蔵 (Gojūzō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 十 |
| い Grade: 1 | そ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
⟨i so$_1$⟩ → */isʷo/ → /iso/
Compound of Old Japanese elements 五(い) (i, “five”, combining form) + 十(そ) (so, “ten”).

#### Numeral

五(い)十(そ) • (iso)
* fifty, 50
** 10th century, Kokin Waka Rokujō (book 1, volume 2, poem 725)
    岩(いは)の上(うへ)の松(まつ)の梢(こすゑ)に降(ふ)る雪(ゆき)はいそかへり降(ふ)れ後(のち)までも見(み)む
       iwa no ue ni matsu no kozue ni furu yuku wa isokaeri fure nochi made mo min
       (please add an English translation of this example)

##### Derived terms

* 五十路(いそじ) (isoji)
* 五十足(いそた)る (isotaru)

#### Noun

五(い)十(そ) • (iso)
* (by extension) a large quantity

##### Derived terms

* 五十(いそ)返(かえ)り (isokaeri)

#### Proper noun

五(い)十(そ) • (Iso)
* a surname

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 十 |
| いそじ ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
Compound of 五十(いそ) (iso, “fifty”, see above) + 路(ち) (-chi, "road" → counter for length of time). The chi changes to ji (historical di) as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いそじ [ìsójí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) いそじ [ìsóꜜjì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [iso̞ʑi]

#### Numeral

五十(いそじ) • (isoji)
* Alternative spelling of 五十路 (isoji): fifty, 50

#### Noun

五十(いそじ) • (isoji)
* Alternative spelling of 五十路 (isoji): a fifty-year-old; the fiftieth year

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 十 |
| い ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
Shift from iso (see above), used in many compounds.
Already attested in Old Japanese as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨i⟩.

#### Numeral

五十(い) • (i)
* Combining form of いそ (iso) above: fifty, 50

##### Derived terms

* 五十(い)日(か) (ika)
* 五十(い)串(ぐし) (igushi)
* 活(いく)目(め)入(いり)彦(びこ)五十(い)狭(さ)茅(ちの)尊(みこと) (Ikumeiribikoisachi no Mikoto)
* 五十(い)狭(さ)狭(さの)小(お)汀(はま) (Isasa no Ohama)
* 五十(い)狭(さ)芹(ぜり)彦(ひこの)命(みこと) (Isazerihiko no Mikoto)
* 五十(い)集(さば) (isaba)
* 五十(い)鈴(すず) (Isuzu)
* 五十(い)嵐(がらし) (Igarashi)
* 五十(い)里(かり) (Ikari)
* 五十(い)猛(たけるの)命(みこと) (Itakeru no Mikoto)

#### Noun

五十(い) • (i)
* (by extension) Combining form of いそ (iso) above: a large quantity

##### Derived terms

* 五十(い)瀬(せ) (ise)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* 十(じゅう)五(ご) (jūgo, “fifteen”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 五 | 十 |

### Numeral

五十 • (osip) (hangeul 오십)
* hanja form of 오십 (“fifty”)