# 撐

| 撐 | U+6490, &#25744; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6490 |
| ← 撏 [U+648F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 撑 → [U+6491] |

## Translingual
### Han character

撐 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 手火月竹 (QFBH) or 手火月手 (QFBQ), four-corner 5905$_2$, composition ⿰扌牚)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 454, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12693
* Dae Jaweon: page 803, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1956, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6490

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chēng (cheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caang$^1$ / caang$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhang
    (Hailu, HRS): cang$^ˇ$ / cang$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cang$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tăng / táng / chĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ta$^1$ / taⁿ$^1$ / ceng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhng / theng / the / theⁿ
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$tshan / $^5$tshan / $^1$tshen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cheng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: chēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caang$^1$ / caang$^3$
*** Yale: chāang / chaang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaang$^1$ / tsaang$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cang$^1$ / cang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhang
*** Hakka Romanization System: cang
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cang$^ˇ$ / cang$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/, /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tăng / táng / chĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰɑŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ta$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: taⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰa⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: taⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰã⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cheng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵³³/
* ta1/taⁿ1 - vernacular;
* ceng1 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit撐 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁴/ ～傘 /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²¹³/ 支～ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰəŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sʰəŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sʰə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sʰɤŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰen⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡sʰə̃/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sʰən²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ /t͡sʰã³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰã⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰen³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰiɛ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰʌ̃³¹/ /t͡sʰɛ³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʰən³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰaŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰaŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰaiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /seŋ²³/ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rtʰaːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 撐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11167 |
| Phonetic component | 尚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瞠 |
| Old Chinese | /*rtʰaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 橕分化字見漢書， 今更作撐 |

#### Definitions

撐
* to prop up; to support
* to push off (with a pole)
    撐船／撑船 ― chēngchuán ― to pole a boat
* to sustain; to maintain
    From: 1941, Cao Yu, 北京人 (Běijīngrén)
    Wénqīng, nǐ pǎo le, rēng xià zhè yī dà jiāzi, jiào wǒ yī ge rén chēng, wǒ zěnmebàn déliǎo a? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to open; to unfurl
    撐開傘／撑开伞 ― chēng kāi sǎn ― to open an umbrella
* to fill to the point of bursting
* (Cantonese, figuratively) to support
       From: 2019, 2019 Hong Kong protests
       caang$^3$ ging$^2$ zaap$^6$ wui$^{6-2}$ [Jyutping]
       pro-police gathering

#### Compounds

* 俯臥撐 / 俯卧撑 (fǔwòchēng)
* 撐傘 / 撑伞 (chēngsǎn)
* 撐嘴 / 撑嘴
* 撐場 / 撑场
* 撐場面 / 撑场面 (chēng chǎngmiàn)
* 撐屎艇 / 撑屎艇
* 撐持 / 撑持 (chēngchí)
* 撐桿跳高 / 撑杆跳高 (chēnggān tiàogāo)
* 撐死 / 撑死 (chēngsǐ)
* 撐腰 / 撑腰 (chēngyāo)
* 撐船 / 撑船 (chēngchuán)
* 撐艇 / 撑艇 (chēngtǐng)
* 撐艇仔 / 撑艇仔
* 撐花兒 / 撑花儿
* 撐警 / 撑警 (chēngjǐng)
* 撐門面 / 撑门面 (chēng ménmiàn)
* 支撐 / 支撑 (zhīchēng)
* 架撐 / 架撑
* 死撐 / 死撑 (sǐchēng)
* 死雞撐飯蓋 / 死鸡撑饭盖
* 臂撐子 / 臂撑子

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “撑”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 30.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1937 打 (～伞，撑伞)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 477.

### Pronunciation 2

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaang$^6$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaang$^6$
*** Yale: jaahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaang$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zang$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːŋ²²/

#### Definitions

撐
* (Cantonese) to fill (a space); to expand
       keoi$^5$ sik$^6$ dak$^1$ taai$^3$ do$^1$, zaang$^6$ zyu$^6$ zo$^2$ go$^3$ tou$^5$. [Jyutping]
       He ate too much and had his stomach filled up.
       nei$^5$ gam$^3$ fei$^4$, jan$^1$ zyu$^6$ zaang$^6$ baau$^3$ gin$^6$ seot$^1$ saam$^1$ aa$^3$! [Jyutping]
       You're so fat, be careful not to tear the shirt apart!

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Support, prop up, brace.
* The main support or pillar.
* Eat one's fill, feast.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: ささえる (sasaeru)、あく (aku)

#### References

* 1 2 3 Akiyasu Tōdō [et al.] (2002) 漢字源, →ISBN: “撐 撑”

## Korean
### Hanja

撐 (eum 탱 (taeng))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

撐: Hán Nôm readings: sênh, sanh, xênh, xinh, xanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.