# stout
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /staʊt/
* (Canada) IPA: /stʌʊt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʊt

### Etymology 1

From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).
Cognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).
Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from First attested in c. 1386, but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).
The noun "strong, dark-brown beer" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.

#### Adjective

stout (comparative stouter, superlative stoutest)
* (of a person) Large; bulky.
    Synonyms: thickset, corpulent, fat
** 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Eternal City”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 427:Yossarian walked out of the office and down the stairs into the dark, tomblike street, passing in the hall the stout woman with warts and two chins, who was already on her way back in.
* (obsolete) Bold, strong-minded.
    Synonyms: lusty, vigorous, robust, sinewy, muscular
** c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:Art thou but Captaine of a thouſand horſe, That by Characters grauen in thy browes, And by thy martiall face and ſtout aſpect, Deſeru’ſt to haue the leading of an hoſte?
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:a stouter champion never handled sword.
** 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:He quickly lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous man.
** 1609, Samuel Daniel, The Civile Wares:The lords all stand / To clear their cause, most resolutely stout.
* (obsolete) Proud; haughty.
    Synonyms: arrogant, hard, haughty
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Malachi 3:13:Your words have been stout against me.
** 1552, Hugh Latimer, The Fifth Sermon Preached on the Twenty-Fourth Sunday After Trinity, 1552:Commonly […] they that be rich are lofty and stout.
* Firm; resolute; dauntless.
** 2020 September 5, David Hytner, “Raheem Sterling keeps his cool to see off Iceland amid blaze of late drama”, in The Guardian‎:he had reason to be extremely grateful to Sterling, his Manchester City teammate, who won and converted the penalty that appeared to have broken Iceland’s stout resistance.
** 2023 June 28, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Alton to Exeter”, in RAIL, number 986, page 58:So, Andover featured in the Glorious Revolution, which involved the deposition of Catholic fraterniser James II and his replacement by stout Protestants William and Mary.
* Materially strong, enduring.
    Campers prefer stout vessels, sticks and cloth.
** 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, “He is Concerned in a Dangerous Adventure with a Certain Gardener; […]”, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume I, London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC, page 134:[…] Pipes, who acted as the enemy's forlorn hope, advanced to the gate with great intrepidity, and clapping his foot to the door, which was none of the ſtouteſt, with the execution and diſpatch of a petard, ſplit it into a thouſand pieces.
** 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad‎:Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins … .
* Obstinate.

##### Derived terms

* midstout
* stouten
* stouthearted
* stoutish
* stoutly
* stoutness

##### Translations
#### Noun

stout (plural stouts)
* (beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain.
    Coordinate term: porter
    Stout is darker, stronger and sweeter than porter beer.
* An obese person.
** 1946, Printers' Ink:Incidentally the survey pointed up the sad plight of the stylish stouts, today's “forgotten men.” The clothing situation is getting so critical for them that they may have to choose between eating and dressing.
* A large clothing size.
** 1918, Isidor Rosenfeld, The Practical Designer for Women's and Misses' Underwear - The Study of the Stout Form
    The all-around waist is increased or over-built, according to size, which makes this form a stout.

##### Derived terms

* breakfast stout
* double stout
* Imperial stout
* invalid stout
* milk stout
* pastry stout

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English stouten, from the adjective (see above).

#### Verb

stout (third-person singular simple present stouts, present participle stouting, simple past and past participle stouted)
* (intransitive, archaic) To be bold or defiant.
* (transitive, dialectal) To persist, endure.
    Synonyms: brook, thole

### Etymology 3

From Middle English stout, from Old English stūt (“gnat; midge”).

#### Alternative forms

* stoat, stut (dialectal)

#### Noun

stout (plural stouts)
* Gnat.
    Synonym: midge
* Gadfly.
    Synonym: horsefly
* (dialectal) Firefly or miller (moth).

##### Derived terms

* stoat-fly

### Further reading

* stout on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* touts

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑu̯t/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stout
* Rhymes: -ɑu̯t

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch stout, from Old Dutch *stolt, from Proto-Germanic *stultaz.

#### Adjective

stout (comparative stouter, superlative stoutst)
* naughty, disobedient, mischievous
    Zijn hier nog stoute kindertjes? ― Are there any naughty children here?
* high (expectations)
* (archaic) bold, audacious

##### Derived terms

* stoutaard
* stoutaardig
* stoutachtig
* stoutebil
* stoutelijk
* stouterd
* stouterik
* stouthals
* stouthart
* stouthartig
* stoutheid
* stoutigheid
* stoutmoedig
* stoutspreker
* stoutweg
* verstouten

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: stout
* Negerhollands: stout

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English stout.

#### Noun

stout m or n (uncountable)
* stout (brew)
    Synonym: stoutbier

### References

* “stout” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English stout.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstou̯t/, [ˈs̠to̞u̯t̪]
* Rhymes: -out
* Hyphenation: stout

### Noun

stout
* stout (type of beer)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of stout (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stoutini
stoutini
accusative
nom.
stoutini
stoutini
gen.
stoutini
genitive
stoutini
stoutieni
partitive
stoutiani
stoutejani
inessive
stoutissani
stouteissani
elative
stoutistani
stouteistani
illative
stoutiini
stouteihini
adessive
stoutillani
stouteillani
ablative
stoutiltani
stouteiltani
allative
stoutilleni
stouteilleni
essive
stoutinani
stouteinani
translative
stoutikseni
stouteikseni
abessive
stoutittani
stouteittani
instructive
comitative
—stouteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stoutisi
stoutisi
accusative
nom.
stoutisi
stoutisi
gen.
stoutisi
genitive
stoutisi
stoutiesi
partitive
stoutiasi
stoutejasi
inessive
stoutissasi
stouteissasi
elative
stoutistasi
stouteistasi
illative
stoutiisi
stouteihisi
adessive
stoutillasi
stouteillasi
ablative
stoutiltasi
stouteiltasi
allative
stoutillesi
stouteillesi
essive
stoutinasi
stouteinasi
translative
stoutiksesi
stouteiksesi
abessive
stoutittasi
stouteittasi
instructive
comitative
—stouteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stoutimme
stoutimme
accusative
nom.
stoutimme
stoutimme
gen.
stoutimme
genitive
stoutimme
stoutiemme
partitive
stoutiamme
stoutejamme
inessive
stoutissamme
stouteissamme
elative
stoutistamme
stouteistamme
illative
stoutiimme
stouteihimme
adessive
stoutillamme
stouteillamme
ablative
stoutiltamme
stouteiltamme
allative
stoutillemme
stouteillemme
essive
stoutinamme
stouteinamme
translative
stoutiksemme
stouteiksemme
abessive
stoutittamme
stouteittamme
instructive
comitative
—stouteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stoutinne
stoutinne
accusative
nom.
stoutinne
stoutinne
gen.
stoutinne
genitive
stoutinne
stoutienne
partitive
stoutianne
stoutejanne
inessive
stoutissanne
stouteissanne
elative
stoutistanne
stouteistanne
illative
stoutiinne
stouteihinne
adessive
stoutillanne
stouteillanne
ablative
stoutiltanne
stouteiltanne
allative
stoutillenne
stouteillenne
essive
stoutinanne
stouteinanne
translative
stoutiksenne
stouteiksenne
abessive
stoutittanne
stouteittanne
instructive
comitative
—stouteinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stoutinsa
stoutinsa
accusative
nom.
stoutinsa
stoutinsa
gen.
stoutinsa
genitive
stoutinsa
stoutiensa
partitive
stoutiaan stoutiansa
stoutejaan stoutejansa
inessive
stoutissaan stoutissansa
stouteissaan stouteissansa
elative
stoutistaan stoutistansa
stouteistaan stouteistansa
illative
stoutiinsa
stouteihinsa
adessive
stoutillaan stoutillansa
stouteillaan stouteillansa
ablative
stoutiltaan stoutiltansa
stouteiltaan stouteiltansa
allative
stoutilleen stoutillensa
stouteilleen stouteillensa
essive
stoutinaan stoutinansa
stouteinaan stouteinansa
translative
stoutikseen stoutiksensa
stouteikseen stouteiksensa
abessive
stoutittaan stoutittansa
stouteittaan stouteittansa
instructive
comitative
—stouteineen stouteinensa :

### Further reading

* “stout”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* sotut

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stout m (plural stouts)
* stout (beer)

### Further reading

* “stout”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Spanish
### Noun

stout f (plural stouts)
* stout (beer)