# culture
## English

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### Alternative forms

* culcha (pronunciation spelling)

### Etymology

From Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, to grow, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Hyphenation: cul‧ture
* Rhymes: -ʌltʃə(ɹ)

### Noun

culture (countable and uncountable, plural cultures)
* The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation.
** 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 125:Castration of bulls was a socialization process that turned a bull into an ox; in this transformation something wild became something very useful; nature became culture.
** 2013 September 7, “Farming as rocket science”, in The Economist‎, volume 408, number 8852:Such differences of history and culture have lingering consequences. Almost all the corn and soyabeans grown in America are genetically modified. GM crops are barely tolerated in the European Union. Both America and Europe offer farmers indefensible subsidies, but with different motives.
* The beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.
** 1882, Matthew Arnold, “Sweetness and Light”, in Culture and Anarchy:I condemn neither way; but culture works differently. It does not try to teach down to the level of inferior classes; it does not try to win them for this or that sect of its own, with ready-made judgments and watchwords. It seeks to do away with classes; to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere; […]
* The conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society.
** 2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 2, page 164:Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution.
* (anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.
* (botany, agriculture) Cultivation.
** http://counties.cce.cornell.edu/suffolk/grownet/flowers/sprgbulb.htm
    The Culture of Spring-Flowering Bulbs
* (microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.
* The growth thus produced.
    I'm headed to the lab to make sure my cell culture hasn't died.
* A group of bacteria.
* (cartography) The details on a map that do not represent natural features of the area delineated, such as names and the symbols for towns, roads, meridians, and parallels.
* (archaeology) Short for archaeological culture (“recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society”).
* (euphemistic) Ethnicity, race (and its associated arts, customs, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* acculture
* adult third culture kid
* algaculture
* anticulture
* aquaculture
* archaeological culture
* astaciculture
* aviculture
* biculture
* bioculture
* bro culture
* call-out culture
* callout culture
* cancel culture
* canteen culture
* cassette culture
* Cemetery H culture
* coculture
* coffee culture
* compensation culture
* conculture
* coproculture
* counter culture
* counterculture
* cringe culture
* cryoculture
* culturability
* culturable
* culturagram
* culturati
* culturcide
* culture-bound
* culturecide
* culture-fair
* cultureful
* culture god
* culture-god
* culture hero
* culture-hero
* culture-historical
* culture-jack
* culturejack
* culture jamming
* cultureless
* culturelike
* culturemaker
* culture maker
* cultureme
* culture medium
* culture minister
* culture of death
* culturescape
* cultureshed
* culture vulture
* culture war
* cultureware
* culture warrior
* culturewide
* culturewise
* culturgen
* culturicide
* culturism
* culturist
* culturize
* culturocide
* culturology
* culturome
* culturomics
* cyberculture
* dark culture
* deculture
* dependency culture
* drinking culture
* ecoculture
* electroculture
* enculturation
* enculture
* ethnoculture
* fishculture
* folk culture
* fruticulture
* geoculture
* haemoculture
* haute culture
* hemoculture
* herpetoculture
* high-context culture
* high context culture
* high culture
* histoculture
* homoculture
* horticulture
* hydroculture
* hyperculture
* iatroculture
* idioculture
* inculture
* interculture
* lad culture
* Liaoning bronze dagger culture
* like-cultured
* low context culture
* low-context culture
* Lower Xiajiadian culture
* macroculture
* mass culture
* metaculture
* micro-culture
* microculture
* miniculture
* monoculture
* mosaiculture
* multiculture
* mycoculture
* my culture is not your costume
* myeloculture
* narcoculture
* natureculture
* neoculture
* neuroculture
* nonculture
* nonmaterial culture
* occulture
* olericulture
* oligoculture
* organoculture
* ostreiculture
* outrage culture
* overculture
* palace of culture
* permaculture
* petroculture
* physical culture
* physiculture
* pisciculture
* polyculture
* pop culture
* popular culture
* porciculture
* preculture
* protoculture
* pyroculture
* rape culture
* reculture
* reverse culture shock
* sand culture
* Sang culture
* security culture
* self-culture
* silviculture
* subculture
* superculture
* technoculture
* tetraculture
* third culture kid
* tiki culture
* tissue culture
* triculture
* uberculture
* unculture
* underculture
* Upper Xiajiadian culture
* ur-culture
* urinoculture
* vermiculture
* viticulture
* vulture culture
* xenoculture
* zooculture

#### Related terms

* agriculture

#### Translations
### Verb

culture (third-person singular simple present cultures, present participle culturing, simple past and past participle cultured)
* (transitive) to maintain in an environment suitable for growth (especially of bacteria) (compare cultivate)
* (transitive) to increase the artistic or scientific interest (in something) (compare cultivate)

#### Related terms

* acculturation
* cult
* cultivate
* cultural
* cultural criticism
* culturally
* cultured
* culture shock
* horticulture

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “culture”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* culture in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* "culture" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 87.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “culture”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, worship”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kyl.tyʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

culture f (plural cultures)
* crop
* culture (“arts, customs and habits”)

#### Derived terms

* bouillon de culture
* culture générale
* neige de culture

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: kültür

### Further reading

* “culture”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Noun

culture f (plural culturis)
* culture

#### Related terms

* culturâl

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈtu.re/
* Rhymes: -ure
* Hyphenation: cul‧tù‧re

### Noun

culture f
* plural of cultura

## Latin
### Participle

cultūre
* vocative masculine singular of cultūrus

## Middle English
### Noun

culture
* Alternative form of culter

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈtuɾe/ [kul̪ˈt̪u.ɾe]
* Rhymes: -uɾe
* Syllabification: cul‧tu‧re

### Verb

culture
* inflection of culturar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative