# vis-à-vis
## English
### Alternative forms

* vis-a-vis

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/, /viːz.æˈviː/
* (US) IPA: /viz.ɑˈvi/, /viz.əˈvi/
* (Canada) IPA: /viz.əˈvi/
* Audio (US):(file), Audio (US):(file)

### Preposition

vis-à-vis
* In relation to; compared with.
    Canada's role vis-à-vis the United States' in Afghanistan
** 2015 July 16, “Small ncRNA Expression-Profiling of Blood from Hemophilia A Patients Identifies miR-1246 as a Potential Regulator of Factor 8 Gene”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:We have identified an miR-1246 target site in the noncoding region of F8 mRNA and were able to confirm the suppressory role of hsa-miR-1246 on F8 expression in a stable lymphoblastoid cell line expressing FVIII. These findings suggest several testable hypotheses vis-à-vis the role of nc-RNAs in the regulation of F8 expression.
* Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing.
    He was seated vis-à-vis the president.

#### Translations
### Noun

vis-à-vis (plural vis-à-vis)
* (historical) A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other.
** 1761, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume 3, Penguin, published 2003, page 188:there is not a greater difference between a single-horse chair and madam Pompadour’s vis a vis, than betwixt a single amour, and an amour thus nobly doubled
* A sofa with seats for two people, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides.
* One of two (or more) people facing or opposite each other.
** 1933, Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth, Penguin, published 2005, page 456:But the wrath that I awaited did not descend. Instead, my young vis-à-vis merely looked melancholy.
* A date or escort in a social event.
** 1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Daughter of the Regiment”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio Society, published 2005, page 136:That was what Miss McKenna said, and the Sergeant who was my vis-à-vis looked the same thing.
* A person holding a corresponding position in another organisation.
    Synonym: counterpart
    I talked with my vis-à-vis in the French embassy.

#### Translations
### Adjective

vis-à-vis (not comparable)
* Face-to-face.
* (numismatics, of a coin) Having two portraits facing each other.

#### Translations
### Adverb

vis-à-vis (not comparable)
* Face to face (with another).
** 1883, William Wallace Cook, “Aquastor”, in Overland Monthly‎, page 14:[…] turning the seat in front so we could sit vis-a-vis
* (archaic) In a position facing a specified or implied subject.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Vis-à-vis (carriage) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Danish
### Adverb

vis-à-vis
* Alternative spelling of vis-a-vis

## French
### Etymology

From vis +‎ à +‎ vis, vis m being an obsolete word for “face”, replaced in Modern French by visage m.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. Particularly: "Non-Parisian, e.g. Quebecois, African, etc."
* IPA: /vi.za.vi/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

vis-à-vis
* (archaic) Facing, face-to-face
    Synonym: face à face

### Noun

vis-à-vis m (plural vis-à-vis)
* a meeting, especially a private one
    Synonym: tête-à-tête m
* a position where two things face each other
    Les maisons sont en vis-à-vis.The houses face each other.
* an equivalent
    Synonym: homologue m or f by sense
** 1886, Auguste de Villiers de L’Isle-Adam, L'Ève future, XVII. Dissection
    Quoi de plus attristant, de plus dissolvant que l’abominable être qu’on nomme une « femme d’esprit », si ce n’est son vis-à-vis, le beau parleur ?What is worse, more dissolving than this abomination called the "spiritual woman", if not its equivalent, the "beau parleur"?
* (rare) What faces someone or something, such as a view or the person seated in front
* (historical) a type of S-shaped couch or sofa that allows people to be seated face-to-face
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Derived terms

* vis-à-vis de

#### Descendants

* → Danish: vis-a-vis
* → English: vis-à-vis
* → German: vis-à-vis
* → Swedish: visavi

### Further reading

* “vis-à-vis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Alternative forms

* vis-a-vis

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vizaˈviː/
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

vis-à-vis [with dative]
* (literary, dated outside Switzerland) vis-à-vis
    Synonym: gegenüber
** 2002, “Hi Freaks”, in Tocotronic, performed by Tocotronic:Hi freaks look at me / Autogramme vis-à-vis / Gegenüber einer Welt / Deren Umriss uns gefällt / Das Geld steht schon bereit / Hast du morgen Zeit(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* “vis-à-vis” in Duden online
* “vis-à-vis” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adverb

vis-à-vis
* vis-à-vis, face to face
    Synonym: berhadap-hadapan

### Preposition

vis-à-vis
* vis-à-vis, in relation to
    Synonym: terhadap
* about
    Synonym: mengenai

### Further reading

* “vis-à-vis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viˈza.vi/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -avi
* Syllabification: vis-‧à-‧vis

### Preposition

vis-à-vis (+ genitive)
* opposite (across from)
    Synonyms: naprzeciw, naprzeciwko

### Further reading

* vis-à-vis in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* vis-à-vis in Polish dictionaries at PWN