# Arctic
## English
### Alternative forms

* arctic

### Etymology

From Middle French artique (with -c- reintroduced after Latin in the 17th century), from Latin arcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “northern, of the (Great) Bear”), from ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear, Ursa Major”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognate with Latin ursus.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ (see usage notes)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ (see usage notes)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tɪk, -ɑː(ɹ)ktɪk

### Adjective

Arctic (not comparable)
* (astronomy, now only in compounds) Pertaining to the celestial north pole, or to the pole star. [from 14th c.]
* (geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]
** 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):What neede the artick people loue star-light, To whom the sunne shines both by day and night.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 706-711:[…] on th’ other side Incenc’t with indignation Satan stood Unterrifi’d, and like a Comet burn’d, That fires the length of Ophiucus huge In th’ Artick Sky, and from his horrid hair Shakes Pestilence and Warr.
** 1788, Samuel Jackson Pratt, Humanity, or the Rights of Nature‎, London: T. Cadell, Book 2, p. 96:See FREEDOM smiling thro’ the realms of frost, And glow on Labradore’s inclement coast, Tho’ darkness sheds deep night thro’ half the year, And snow invests the clime,—that clime is dear, For there fair LIBERTY resides, and there At large the native breasts the searching air, Where blows the arctic tempests icy gale, And famine seizes on the spermy whale,
** 1968, Robert Conquest, “A Nation in Torment”, in The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties‎, Macmillan Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 327:A medical examination determined who was to be sent on to Norilsk in the Arctic.
* Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic. [from 16th c.]
** 1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society, published 2010, page 45:‘Could you close that window, please!’ Strickland called, dialling again. ‘It's bloody arctic down this end.’
* Designed for use in very cold conditions. [from 19th c.]

#### Usage notes

* Similarly to Antarctic, the English word was originally pronounced without /k/, but the spelling pronunciation has become the more common one. The "c" was originally added to the spelling for etymological reasons, and its pronunciation followed thereafter.

#### Translations
### Proper noun

Arctic
* (obsolete) The north celestial pole. [15th–17th c.]
* (geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]
** 1772, Richard Cumberland, The Fashionable Lover‎, London: W. Griffin, act IV, page 46:I’ve visited the world from arctic to ecliptic, as a surgeon does a hospital, and find all men sick of some distemper […]

#### Derived terms

* Arctic blue
* Arctic blues
* Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
* Arctic Circle
* Arctic cod (Arctogadus glacialis, Boreogadus saida)
* Arctic conditions
* Arctic dog disease
* Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)
* Arctic ground squirrel
* Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus)
* Arctic haze
* Arctic loon (Gavia arctica)
* Arctic Ocean
* Arctic Sea
* Arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus)
* Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea)
* Arctic warbler
* Arctic wolf spider (Pardosa glacialis)
* Northwest Arctic Borough
* subarctic

#### Translations
### Noun

Arctic (plural Arctics)
* (US, now chiefly historical) A warm waterproof overshoe. [from 19th c.]
* Any of various butterflies of the genus Oeneis. [from 20th c.]

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* -cratic, cratic