# 乾杯
## Chinese

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānbēi
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄅㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gon$^1$ bui$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kôn-pî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gon$^1$ bi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gan$^1$ bei$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-poe
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$koe-pe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānbēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄅㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganbei
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-pei$^1$
*** Yale: gān-bēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganbei
*** Palladius: ганьбэй (ganʹbɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gon$^1$ bui$^1$
*** Yale: gōn būi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gon$^1$ bui$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gon$^1$ bui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːn⁵⁵ puːi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn-pî
*** Hakka Romanization System: gon$^ˊ$ bi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gon$^1$ bi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gon$^1$ bi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔn⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^1$ bei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃¹¹ pei¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-poe
*** Tâi-lô: kan-pue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kanpoef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² pue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ pue³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² pue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ pue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ pue⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$koe-pe
*** MiniDict: koe$^平$ pe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$koe-pe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵⁵ pe²¹/

### Verb

乾杯
* to toast; to drink a toast

### Interjection

乾杯
* (colloquial) cheers!; bottoms up!

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 乾杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 乾杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 乾杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 乾杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 乾杯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 乾杯 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 乾杯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 乾杯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 乾杯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 乾杯, 乾杯子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 乾了, 見底兒, 乾杯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 喝淨, 乾杯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 乾杯, 乾了 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 乾杯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 乾杯, 乾了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 乾杯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 乾了, 喝乾, 見底 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 乾杯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 乾杯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 乾杯 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 乾杯, 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 乾杯, 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 乾杯, 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 飲贏佢 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 飲嗮佢 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 飲嗮佢, 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 飲應佢 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 飲嗮佢 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 飲勝, 勝 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 乾杯 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 乾杯, 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 乾杯 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 乾杯, 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 飲勝 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 飲勝 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 乾杯 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 照杯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 乾杯, 深飲, 盡盅 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 飲勝 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 乾杯 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 飲 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 飲勝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 乾杯 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 乾杯 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 乾杯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 乾杯 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 乾杯 GT, 乾 GT, 予焦啦 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 飲勝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 焦, 予焦啦 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 乾杯 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 乾杯 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 乾盅 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 乾 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 飲齊去 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 乾杯 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 呷乾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 乾杯, 照面 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 乾杯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 碰杯 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 乾杯 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 乾 | 杯 |
| かん Grade: S | はい > ぱい Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* 乾盃 (rare)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんぱい [kàńpáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠mpa̠i]

### Verb

乾(かん)杯(ぱい)する • (kanpai suru) intransitive suru (stem 乾(かん)杯(ぱい)し (kanpai shi), past 乾(かん)杯(ぱい)した (kanpai shita))
* to drink a glass dry
* to toast
** 1947, Haruo Umezaki, Shijimi [Basket Clam]‎:
    「お前(まえ)の新(あたら)しい出(しゅっ)発(ぱつ)について、俺(おれ)はこの冷(ひ)えた珈琲(コーヒー)で乾(かん)杯(ぱい)しようと思(おも)うよ」
       “Omae no atarashii shuppatsu ni tsuite, ore wa kono hieta kōhī de kanpai shiyō to omouyo”
       “I think I'll toast to your new start with this cold cup of coffee.”

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 乾杯し | かんぱいし | kanpai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 乾杯し | かんぱいし | kanpai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 乾杯する | かんぱいする | kanpai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 乾杯する | かんぱいする | kanpai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 乾杯すれ | かんぱいすれ | kanpai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 乾杯せよ¹ 乾杯しろ² | かんぱいせよ¹ かんぱいしろ² | kanpai seyo¹ kanpai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 乾杯される | かんぱいされる | kanpai sareru |
| Causative | 乾杯させる 乾杯さす | かんぱいさせる かんぱいさす | kanpai saseru kanpai sasu |
| Potential | 乾杯できる | かんぱいできる | kanpai dekiru |
| Volitional | 乾杯しよう | かんぱいしよう | kanpai shiyō |
| Negative | 乾杯しない | かんぱいしない | kanpai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 乾杯せず | かんぱいせず | kanpai sezu |
| Formal | 乾杯します | かんぱいします | kanpai shimasu |
| Perfective | 乾杯した | かんぱいした | kanpai shita |
| Conjunctive | 乾杯して | かんぱいして | kanpai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 乾杯すれば | かんぱいすれば | kanpai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Interjection

乾(かん)杯(ぱい) • (kanpai)
* cheers! bottoms up! (toast)
** 1948, Yoshio Toyoshima, Jiyūjin‎:
    「空(くう)想(そう)力(りょく)のために、乾(かん)杯(ぱい)。」立(た)ち上(あが)って、グラスを干(ほ)すと、眼(め)がくらんだ気持(きも)ちで、ふらふらとよろけてしまった。
       “Kūsōryoku no tame ni, kanpai.” Tachiagatte, gurasu o hosu to, me ga kuranda kimochi de, furafura to yorokete shimatta.
       “Cheers to your fancy!” I stood up and drained a glass of beer. Then I felt dizzy and staggered.

#### Descendants

* → Tagalog: kampay

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 乾 | 杯 |

### Noun

乾杯 • (geonbae) (hangeul 건배)
* hanja form of 건배 (“cheers!; bottoms up!”)