# 罅

| 罅 | U+7F45, &#32581; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F45 |
| ← 罄 [U+7F44] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 罆 → [U+7F46] |

## Translingual
### Han character

罅 (Kangxi radical 121, 缶+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人山卜心木 (OUYPD), four-corner 8174$_9$, composition ⿰缶虖)

#### Derived characters

* 嚹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 945, character 47
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28169
* Dae Jaweon: page 1386, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2938, character 16
* Unihan data for U+7F45

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 罅
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 罅 | *qʰraːs |
| 呼 | *qʰaː |
| 軤 | *qʰaː |
| 苸 | *qʰaː |
| 嘑 | *qʰaː |
| 歑 | *qʰaː |
| 謼 | *qʰaː, *qʰaːs |
| 滹 | *qʰaː |
| 乎 | *ɢaː |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 嫭 | *ɢaːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰraːs): phonetic 虖 (OC *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa) + semantic 缶 (“pot”)

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “are the Cantonese and Hakka readings related?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xià (xia$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laa$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): la$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): la
    (Meixian, Guangdong): la$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hà / hèe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hia$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xià
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sià
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$
*** Yale: syà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laa$^3$
*** Yale: la
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: la$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /laː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: la$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /la²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la
*** Hakka Romanization System: la
*** Hagfa Pinyim: la$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /la⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: la$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /la⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hà
*** Tâi-lô: hà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hax
*** IPA (Taipei): /ha¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ha²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hèe
*** Tâi-lô: hèe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hia$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hià
*** Sinological IPA : /hia²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: xaeH
Rime :
| Character | 罅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 呼訝切 |
| Baxter | xaeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xià |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 罅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5180 |
| Phonetic component | 乎 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嚇 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰraːs/ |

#### Definitions

罅
* crack; gap; rift; split (Classifier: 條／条 c)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 縫, 罅隙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 縫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 縫子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 縫兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 縫兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 縫兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 縫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 縫子, 縫兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 縫縫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 縫縫, 縫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 縫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 縫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 裂 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 裂 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 罅 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 罅 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 縫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 必罅, 縫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 罅 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 罅 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 罅 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 罅 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 裂 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 縫仔, 罅 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 縫仔, 罅 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 縫仔, 罅 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 縫, 罅 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 縫仔, 縫, 罅 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 縫 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 縫兒, 縫縫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 縫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 縫縫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 縫 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 縫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 縫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 罅 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 縫, 縫縫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 縫縫, 縫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 縫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 縫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 縫 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 罅 |

#### Compounds

* 𢆡罅
* 手指罅
* 捐窿捐罅
* 捫隙發罅 / 扪隙发罅
* 攝灶罅 / 摄灶罅
* 攝牙罅 / 摄牙罅
* 法律罅
* 波罅
* 牙罅
* 窿窿罅罅
* 罅剌兒 / 罅剌儿
* 罅漏 (xiàlòu)
* 罅隙 (xiàxì)
* 腳趾罅 / 脚趾罅
* 補苴罅漏 / 补苴罅漏 (bǔjūxiàlòu)
* 邊罅螺 / 边罅螺
* 隙罅
* 髀罅

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Teochew 𤰉 (la6).

#### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): la
    (Hailu, HRS): la$^˖$
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la
*** Hakka Romanization System: la
*** Hagfa Pinyim: la$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /la⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: la$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /la³³/

#### Definitions

罅
* (Hakka) enough
** 2008, 陳逸豪 (lyrics and music), “天阿爸个心”, in 陳建中, transl., 不同凡響的頌讚‎, performed by 客家聖樂團:
       chhṳ-lien chûng Kì oi su pûn ngài la yung ke ên-tién [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): heⁿ / he / hee
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: henn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hvef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /hẽ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hẽ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hẽ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he
*** Tâi-lô: he
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /he⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hee
*** Tâi-lô: hee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

罅
* Only used in 含罅.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Kun: ひび (hibi, 罅)、はぜる (hazeru, 罅ぜる)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 罅
* ひび Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひび [hìbíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [çibʲi]

### Noun

罅(ひび) or 罅(ヒビ) • (hibi)
* crack
    家(いえ)の壁(かべ)にひびが入(はい)る
       ie no kabe ni hibi ga hairu
       the walls of the houses have cracks

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

罅 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
* crack, fissure, split