# 金

| 金 | U+91D1, &#37329; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91D1 |
| ← 釐 [U+91D0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 釒 → [U+91D2] |
| ⾦ | U+2FA6, &#12198; KANGXI RADICAL GOLD |
| ← ⾥ [U+2FA5] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾧ → [U+2FA7] |
| 金 | U+F90A, &#63754; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F90A |
| ← 契 [U+F909] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 喇 → [U+F90B] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 釒 / 钅 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

### Han character

金 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 8010$_9$, composition ⿱𫢉䒑)
* Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/金
* 凎, 唫, 崯, 惍, 捦, 淦, 琻, 碒, 䘳, 䋮, 趛, 崟, 菳, 蓥, 㕋, 㾣, 䦦, 淾
* 𠊄, 𫭾, 𫰾, 𫲧, 𬯉, 𪯧, 𣔋, 𬊝, 𫆤, 𥇶, 𥟨, 𥺻, 𫋆, 𫍀, 𩸱, 𪑙
* 𥦨, 𫅇, 𥯀, 𮲤, 𦑕, 𧟴, 𢉅, 𩰔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1295, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
* Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4167, character 1
* Unihan data for U+91D1
* Unihan data for U+F90A

## Chinese

* 金 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 金 (Cantonese)
* 金 (Classical)
* 金 (Gan)
* kîm (Hakka)
* gĭng (Eastern Min)
* kim (Southern Min)
* 金 (Wu)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 金 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 淦 | *kɯːm, *kɯːms |
| 顉 | *ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ |
| 金 | *krɯm |
| 錦 | *krɯmʔ |
| 欽 | *kʰrɯm |
| 菳 | *kʰrɯm |
| 嶔 | *kʰrɯm |
| 撳 | *kʰrɯms |
| 捦 | *ɡrɯm |
| 鵭 | *ɡrɯm |
| 唫 | *ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm |
| 鈙 | *ɡrɯms |
| 崟 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 趛 | *ŋɡrɯmʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯm): semantic 士 (“upside-down ritual axe perhaps made of precious materials”) + semantic 丷 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. The semantic component in folk etymology is very often misinterpreted as 王. The minerals, originally drawn as : and then as 丷, are sometimes indicated as 呂, however the latter is the pictogram of two vertebrae.
The upper component 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm) and it represents an open mouth flipped upside down; it indicates the original pronunciation of the whole character.
Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth (Xu Shen writes "象金在土中形") with 亼 as phonetic. But the most ancient versions do not contain the pictogram of the earth.
Originally referred to copper, first used during the Copper Age and the Jade Age in China (hence before the Bronze Age, during which the first bronzes were produced); later the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.

### Etymology

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] → “metals in general” → “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Some of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family and is a calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in their original surname ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jīn (jin$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǐn
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jìn
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gim$^1$ / gim$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kîm
    (Hailu, HRS): gim$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gim$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): géng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kim / kem
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gim$^1$ / ging$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gim$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gam$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$cin
** (Jinhua): $^1$cin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jin
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$
*** Yale: jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: jìn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕĩ³¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$
*** Yale: gām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: gam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gim$^1$ / gim$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kim³³/, /kim³³⁻³³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng
*** Sinological IPA : /keiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ging
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim
*** Tâi-lô: kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kym
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Penang): /kim³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Longyan): /kim³³⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /kim⁵⁵/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kem
*** Tâi-lô: kem
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kefm
*** IPA (Hui'an): /kem³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gim$^1$ / ging$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim / king
*** Sinological IPA : /kim³³/, /kiŋ³³/
* gim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
* ging1 - Chenghai.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit金 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕin²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕin²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕin¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kim⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kim²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɐm⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kɐm⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kɐm⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kim⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kim³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kim²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: kim
Rime :
| Character | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 |
| Baxter | kim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)[ə]m/ |
| English | metal, bronze |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6679 |
| Phonetic component | 金 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 金 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯm/ |
| Notes | 說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之 |

### Definitions

金
* (obsolete) copper (Cu)
* metal
    合金 ― héjīn ― alloy
* metalware
* gold (Au)
       Jīn de yánsè hé huángtóng hěn xiāngsì. [Pinyin]
       Gold is similar in color to brass.
* golden; blond
    金髮／金发 ― jīnfà ― blond
       Tā bèi jiǎnglì le yīkuài jīn biǎo. [Pinyin]
       He received a golden watch as a prize.
* (by extension) money; material wealth
    現金／现金 ― xiànjīn ― cash
    資金／资金 ― zījīn ― funds
    金錢／金钱 ― jīnqián ― currency
* (historical) ancient currency unit
* (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
    金鼓齊鳴／金鼓齐鸣 ― jīngǔqímíng ― the gongs and drums of war sound out in unison
* respectful; precious
    金玉良言 ― jīnyùliángyán ― precious advice
* Used in 金城 (jīnchéng).
    金城湯池／金城汤池 ― jīnchéngtāngchí ― strongly fortified city
* Short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”).
* one of the eight kinds of instruments (八音 (-))
* metal, one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行 (-))
* (Cantonese, cant) fire; flame
* (Cantonese, cant) roasted
    金豬／金猪 [Cantonese] ― gam$^1$ zyu$^1$ [Jyutping] ― roasted suckling pig
* (～朝) (historical) The Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
* (～朝, ～國) (historical) Synonym of 後金 / 后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)
* a surname
    金聖歎／金圣叹 ― Jīn Shèngtàn ― Jin Shengtan (Chinese literary critic)
    金焰 ― Jīn Yàn ― Jin Yan (Chinese actor)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 金 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 金, 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 金子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 金子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 金子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 金, 黃金 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 金子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 金子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 黃金 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 金子, 黃金 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 金子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 金子, 金, 黃金 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 金子, 黃金 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 金子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 金子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 金子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 金仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 金仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 金仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 金 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 金 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 金 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 金 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 金 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 金子 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 金 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 金 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 金子 |
| Gan | Pengze | 金子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 金 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 金子, 金 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 金仔, 金 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 金 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 金 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 金 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 金 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 金 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 金 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 金, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 金, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 金 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 金 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 金 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 金 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 金子 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 金 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 金 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 金子 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 金子, 金 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 金子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 金 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jin | Linhe | 金子 |
| Jin | Jining | 金子 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 金子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 金子 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 金子 |
| Jin | Handan | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 金 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 金 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 金 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 金仔, 金 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 金仔, 金 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 金仔, 金 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 金 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 金 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 金 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 金 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 金 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 金, 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 金 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 黃金 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 金 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 金 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 金 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 金 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 金 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 金 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 金子 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 金子 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 金 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 金 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Jima) | 金子 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 金, 金子 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 金 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 金 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 金子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 金子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 金子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 金子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 金子, 黃金 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 金子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 金子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 金, 金子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 金 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 金 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 金子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 金子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 金子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 金 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 金子 |

### Compounds

* 五金 (wǔjīn)
* 代金 (dàijīn)
* 佣金
* 保證金 / 保证金 (bǎozhèngjīn)
* 俸金 (fèngjīn)
* 八角金盤 / 八角金盘 (bājiǎojīnpán)
* 兼金
* 冷金
* 冶金 (yějīn)
* 出金 (chūjīn)
* 分金
* 前金 (Qiánjīn, “Cianjin”)
* 加菜金 (jiācàijīn)
* 勞金 / 劳金
* 包金 (bāojīn)
* 千金 (qiānjīn)
* 南金
* 卹金
* 合金 (héjīn)
* 吉金
* 吞金
* 堆金
* 基金 (jījīn)
* 塗金 / 涂金
* 子金 (zǐjīn)
* 寸金
* 尤金 (Yóujīn)
* 嵌金
* 平金
* 年金 (niánjīn)
* 彩金
* 後金 / 后金 (Hòujīn)
* 戧金 / 戗金
* 房金
* 押金 (yājīn)
* 描金
* 揮金 / 挥金
* 撈金 / 捞金
* 撿金 / 捡金 (jiǎnjīn)
* 斷金 / 断金
* 期金 (qījīn)
* 本金 (běnjīn)
* 板金 (bǎnjīn)
* 條金 / 条金
* 標金 / 标金 (biāojīn)
* 沙金 (shājīn)
* 泥金
* 流金
* 洋金
* 淘金 (táojīn)
* 漂金
* 烏金 / 乌金 (wūjīn)
* 燙金 / 烫金 (tàngjīn)
* 爍金 / 烁金
* 獎學金 / 奖学金 (jiǎngxuéjīn)
* 獎金 / 奖金 (jiǎngjīn)
* 獻金 / 献金 (xiànjīn)
* 現金 / 现金 (xiànjīn)
* 白金 (báijīn)
* 百金
* 真金 (zhēnjīn)
* 砂金 (shājīn)
* 碎金 (suìjīn)
* 祥金
* 禮金 / 礼金 (lǐjīn)
* 萬金 / 万金
* 租金 (zūjīn)
* 稅金 / 税金 (shuìjīn)
* 粉金
* 純金 / 纯金 (chúnjīn)
* 紫金 (zǐjīn)
* 罰金 / 罚金 (fájīn)
* 美金 (měijīn)
* 聘金 (pìnjīn)
* 股金 (gǔjīn)
* 脩金
* 茶金
* 薪金 (xīnjīn)
* 訂金 / 订金 (dìngjīn)
* 課金 / 课金 (kèjīn)
* 貼金 / 贴金 (tiējīn)
* 資金 / 资金 (zījīn)
* 賃金 / 赁金 (lìnjīn)
* 賞金 / 赏金 (shǎngjīn)
* 賻金 / 赙金
* 贖金 / 赎金 (shújīn)
* 赤金 (chìjīn)
* 足金 (zújīn)
* 蹙金
* 酎金 (zhòujīn)
* 酬金 (chóujīn)
* 醵金
* 重金 (zhòngjīn)
* 金不換 / 金不换 (jīnbùhuàn)
* 金丸 (jīnwán)
* 金丹 (jīndān)
* 金井
* 金交椅
* 金人
* 金仔
* 金代 (Jīndài)
* 金價 / 金价 (jīnjià)
* 金光 (jīnguāng)
* 金公
* 金冠 (jīnguān)
* 金刀
* 金剛 / 金刚 (jīngāng)
* 金剛努目 / 金刚努目
* 金剛石 / 金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
* 金剛石婚 / 金刚石婚
* 金剛砂 / 金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
* 金剛鑽 / 金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
* 金創 / 金创
* 金勒
* 金匠 (jīnjiàng)
* 金匱 / 金匮 (jīnguì)
* 金印
* 金口 (jīnkǒu)
* 金口玉言
* 金句 (jīnjù)
* 金史
* 金吾 (jīnwú)
* 金嗓子 (jīnsǎngzi)
* 金圓券 / 金圆券 (jīnyuánquàn)
* 金坪 (Jīnpíng)
* 金城 (jīnchéng)
* 金城湯池 / 金城汤池 (jīnchéngtāngchí)
* 金堂 (Jīntáng)
* 金堰 (Jīnyàn)
* 金塔 (jīntǎ)
* 金壺 / 金壶
* 金天 (jīntiān)
* 金奏
* 金奴
* 金婚 (jīnhūn)
* 金子 (jīnzi)
* 金字塔 (jīnzìtǎ)
* 金字招牌 (jīnzì zhāopái)
* 金字旁 (jīnzìpáng)
* 金字旁兒 / 金字旁儿
* 金家橋 / 金家桥 (Jīnjiāqiáo)
* 金寧 / 金宁 (Jīnníng)
* 金屋 (jīnwū)
* 金屬 / 金属 (jīnshǔ)
* 金屬陶瓷 / 金属陶瓷
* 金山 (jīnshān)
* 金峰 (Jīnfēng)
* 金峰路 (Jīnfēnglù)
* 金川 (Jīnchuān)
* 金工 (jīngōng)
* 金帛 (jīnbó)
* 金帶 / 金带
* 金幣 / 金币 (jīnbì)
* 金庫 / 金库 (jīnkù)
* 金庭 (Jīntíng)
* 金張 / 金张
* 金戈鐵馬 / 金戈铁马 (jīngētiěmǎ)
* 金文 (jīnwén)
* 金斗 (jīndǒu)
* 金旁
* 金昌 (Jīnchāng)
* 金星 (Jīnxīng)
* 金晃晃
* 金曜 (jīnyào)
* 金朝 (Jīncháo)
* 金本位 (jīnběnwèi)
* 金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
* 金枝玉葉 / 金枝玉叶 (jīnzhīyùyè)
* 金柝
* 金柑 (jīngān)
* 金條 / 金条 (jīntiáo)
* 金棺
* 金榜 (jīnbǎng)
* 金槍魚 / 金枪鱼 (jīnqiāngyú)
* 金橘 (jīnjú)
* 金樽 (jīnzūn)
* 金檢 / 金检
* 金殼郎 / 金壳郎
* 金殿 (jīndiàn)
* 金母
* 金汁 (jīnzhī)
* 金沙 (jīnshā)
* 金波
* 金泥
* 金油
* 金湯 / 金汤 (jīntāng)
* 金湖 (Jīnhú)
* 金港 (Jīngǎng)
* 金漆
* 金漿玉醴 / 金浆玉醴
* 金灶
* 金烏 / 金乌 (jīnwū)
* 金煌煌
* 金燦燦 / 金灿灿 (jīncàncàn)
* 金牌 (jīnpái)
* 金牛 (jīnniú)
* 金牛座 (jīnniúzuò)
* 金牛肝菌 (jīnniúgānjūn)
* 金猊 (jīnní)
* 金獎 / 金奖 (jīnjiǎng)
* 金玉 (jīnyù)
* 金玉滿堂 / 金玉满堂 (jīnyùmǎntáng)
* 金玉良言 (jīnyùliángyán)
* 金珠 (jīnzhū)
* 金璫 / 金珰
* 金環蛇 / 金环蛇 (jīnhuánshé)
* 金瓜 (jīnguā)
* 金甌 / 金瓯 (jīn'ōu)
* 金甲 (jīnjiǎ)
* 金瘍 / 金疡
* 金瘡 / 金疮 (jīnchuāng)
* 金盞花 / 金盏花
* 金盞草 / 金盏草 (jīnzhǎncǎo)
* 金相
* 金相玉質 / 金相玉质
* 金石 (jīnshí)
* 金碧
* 金碧輝煌 / 金碧辉煌 (jīnbìhuīhuáng)
* 金礦 / 金矿 (jīnkuàng)
* 金社 (Jīnshè)
* 金科
* 金秋 (jīnqiū)
* 金科玉律 (jīnkēyùlǜ)
* 金穴
* 金童
* 金筆 / 金笔
* 金箔 (jīnbó)
* 金箍棒 (jīngūbàng)
* 金粉
* 金粟 (jīnsù)
* 金精
* 金糕
* 金紅 / 金红
* 金素
* 金紫
* 金絲燕 / 金丝燕
* 金絲猴 / 金丝猴 (jīnsīhóu)
* 金絲雀 / 金丝雀 (jīnsīquè)
* 金綠玉 / 金绿玉
* 金縢
* 金缸城 (Jīngāngchéng)
* 金罍
* 金聲 / 金声
* 金腿 (jīntuǐ)
* 金臺 / 金台 (Jīntái)
* 金色 (jīnsè)
* 金華 / 金华 (Jīnhuá)
* 金葉 / 金叶
* 金蓮 / 金莲 (jīnlián)
* 金蓮兒 / 金莲儿
* 金蓮花 / 金莲花 (jīnliánhuā)
* 金蘭 / 金兰 (jīnlán)
* 金蛇
* 金融 (jīnróng)
* 金融危機 / 金融危机 (jīnróng wēijī)
* 金融寡頭 / 金融寡头 (jīnróng guǎtóu)
* 金融資本 / 金融资本 (jīnróng zīběn)
* 金蟲 / 金虫
* 金蟬脫殼 / 金蝉脱壳
* 金蟾 (jīnchán)
* 金衡 (jīnhéng)
* 金衣
* 金裝 / 金装
* 金言 (jīnyán)
* 金諾 / 金诺
* 金谷
* 金貂
* 金貴 / 金贵 (jīnguì)
* 金質 / 金质 (jīnzhì)
* 金身
* 金輪 / 金轮 (jīnlún)
* 金迷紙醉 / 金迷纸醉
* 金邊 / 金边 (Jīnbiān)
* 金都
* 金酒 (jīnjiǔ)
* 金針 / 金针 (jīnzhēn)
* 金針菇 / 金针菇 (jīnzhēngū)
* 金針菜 / 金针菜 (jīnzhēncài)
* 金釵 / 金钗 (jīnchāi)
* 金釭 / 金𮣲
* 金釧 / 金钏
* 金鉤 / 金钩
* 金鉦 / 金钲 (jīnzhēng)
* 金鈿 / 金钿
* 金鈴子 / 金铃子
* 金銀 / 金银 (jīnyín)
* 金銀花 / 金银花 (jīnyínhuā)
* 金銀財寶 / 金银财宝 (jīnyíncáibǎo)
* 金鋪 / 金铺
* 金錢 / 金钱 (jīnqián)
* 金錢板 / 金钱板 (jīnqiánbǎn)
* 金錢松 / 金钱松
* 金錢草 / 金钱草 (jīnqiáncǎo)
* 金錢豹 / 金钱豹 (jīnqiánbào)
* 金鎊 / 金镑
* 金鎖 / 金锁 (jīnsuǒ)
* 金鏡 / 金镜
* 金鏤 / 金镂
* 金鐘兒 / 金钟儿
* 金鐲 / 金镯 (jīnzhuó)
* 金鑪 / 金𬬻
* 金鑰匙 / 金钥匙 (jīnyàoshi)
* 金鑾 / 金銮
* 金鑾殿 / 金銮殿
* 金門 / 金门 (Jīnmén)
* 金閃閃 / 金闪闪
* 金閨 / 金闺
* 金闕 / 金阙 (jīnquè)
* 金陵 (Jīnlíng)
* 金雕 (jīndiāo)
* 金雞 / 金鸡 (jīnjī)
* 金雞獨立 / 金鸡独立
* 金霓
* 金面
* 金革
* 金鞍 (jīn'ān)
* 金額 / 金额 (jīn'é)
* 金風 / 金风 (jīnfēng)
* 金飯碗 / 金饭碗
* 金飾 / 金饰 (jīnshì)
* 金馬 / 金马 (jīnmǎ)
* 金馬玉堂 / 金马玉堂 (Jīnmǎ Yùtáng)
* 金髮 / 金发 (jīnfà)
* 金魚 / 金鱼 (jīnyú)
* 金魚草 / 金鱼草 (jīnyúcǎo)
* 金魚藻 / 金鱼藻 (jīnyúzǎo)
* 金魚蟲 / 金鱼虫
* 金鴨 / 金鸭
* 金黃 / 金黄 (jīnhuáng)
* 金黴素 / 金霉素 (jīnméisù)
* 金鼓 (jīngǔ)
* 金龜 / 金龟 (jīnguī)
* 金龜子 / 金龟子 (jīnguīzǐ)
* 銷金 / 销金 (xiāojīn)
* 錫金 / 锡金 (Xījīn)
* 錯金 / 错金 (cuòjīn)
* 鍍金 / 镀金 (dùjīn)
* 鎦金 / 镏金 (liújīn)
* 鑠金 / 铄金
* 開金 / 开金 (kāijīn)
* 飾金 / 饰金
* 餅金 / 饼金
* 館金 / 馆金
* 馬丁·路德·金紀念日 / 马丁·路德·金纪念日 (Mǎdīng Lùdé Jīn Jìniànrì)
* 鬱金 / 郁金 (yùjīn)
* 鳴金 / 鸣金 (míngjīn)
* 麩金 / 麸金 (fūjīn)
* 黃金 / 黄金 (huángjīn)
* 黃金洞 / 黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
* 黑金 (hēijīn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 金(きん) (kin)
* → Korean: 금(金) (geum), 김(金) (gim)
* → Vietnamese: kim (金)
Others:
* → Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)
* → Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)
* → Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)
* → Zhuang: gim (“gold”)
* → Tagalog: ginto (“gold”)

### References

* “金”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “金”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: かね (kane, 金, Jōyō)、かな (kana, 金, Jōyō $^†$)、こがね (kogane, 金)
* Nanori: か (ka)

#### Compounds

* 金雀児(エニシダ) (enishida)
* 金糸雀(カナリア) (kanaria)
* 金海鼠(キンコ) (kinko)
* 鍍金(めっき), 滅金(めっき) (mekki)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 金
* きん Grade: 1
* kan'on
/kimʉ/ → /kiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn), Hokkien 金 (kim).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きん [kíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩɴ]

#### Noun

金(きん) • (kin)
* gold (Au)
* money
    金(きん)一(いっ)封(ぷう)をもらった。 ― kin ippū o moratta. ― I received a gift of money.
* Short for 金属 (kinzoku): metal
* (shogi) Short for 金将 (kinshō): a gold general
* metal as one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
* Short for 金曜日 (kin’yōbi): Friday

##### Derived terms

* 金(きん)色(いろ) (kin'iro)
* 金(きん)管(かん)楽(がっ)器(き) (kinkan gakki)
* 金(キン)鮒(ブナ) (kinbuna)
* 金(きん)目(め) (kinme)
* 裏(うら)金(きん) (urakin)

#### Affix

金(きん) • (kin)
* metal, metallic
* gold, gold-colored
* money
* (by extension of “golden”) excellent, fine, splendid

##### Derived terms

* 金(きん)塊(かい) (kinkai)
* 金(きん)額(がく) (kingaku)
* 金(きん)魚(ぎょ) (kingyo)
* 金(きん)字(じ)塔(とう) (kinjitō)
* 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei)
* 金(きん)銭(せん) (kinsen)
* 金(きん)属(ぞく) (kinzoku)
* 金(きん)泥(でい) (kindei)
* 金(きん)団(とん) (kinton)
* 金(きん)帛(ぱく) (kinpaku)
* 金(きん)箔(ぱく) (kinpaku)
* 金(きん)髪(ぱつ) (kinpatsu)
* 金(きん)融(ゆう) (kin'yū)
* 金(きん)曜(よう) (kin'yō)
* 益(えき)金(きん) (ekikin, “profit, proceeds”)
* 換(かん)金(きん) (kankin)
* 現(げん)金(きん) (genkin)
* 国(こっ)庫(こ)金(きん) (kokkokin, “treasury funds”, as of the central government)
* 合(ごう)金(きん) (gōkin)
* 砂(さ)金(きん) (sakin)
* 資(し)金(きん) (shikin)
* 資(し)本(ほん)金(きん) (shihonkin)
* 借(しゃく)入(にゅう)金(きん) (shakunyūkin, “borrowed money, debt/loan payable”)
* 賞(しょう)金(きん) (shōkin)
* 上(じょう)金(きん) (jōkin)
* 千(せん)金(きん) (senkin)
* 代(だい)金(きん) (daikin)
* 賃(ちん)金(ぎん) (chingin)
* 年(ねん)金(きん) (nenkin)
* 白(はっ)金(きん) (hakkin)
* 半(はん)金(きん)属(ぞく) (hankinzoku)
* 板(ばん)金(きん), 鈑(ばん)金(きん) (bankin)
* 非(ひ)金(きん)属(ぞく) (hikinzoku)
* 引(ひき)当(あて)金(きん) (hikiatekin, “provision, reserves”)
* 滅(めっ)金(きん) (mekkin)
* 冶(や)金(きん) (yakin)
* 預(よ)金(きん) (yokin)
* 料(りょう)金(きん) (ryōkin)
* 錬(れん)金(きん)術(じゅつ) (renkinjutsu)

#### Proper noun

金(きん) • (Kin)
* the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

##### See also

* キム (Kimu), surname directly borrowed from Korean

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 金
* こん Grade: 1
* goon
/komʉ/ → /koɴ/
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

金(こん) • (kon)
* metal as one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine

#### Affix

金(こん) • (kon)
* metal, metallic
* gold, gold-colored
* (by extension of “golden”) excellent, fine, superb

##### Derived terms

* 金(こん)剛(ごう) (kongō)
* 金(こん)色(じき) (konjiki)
* 金(こん)泥(でい) (kondei)
* 金(こん)銅(どう) (kondō)
* 金(こん)堂(どう) (kondō)
* 黄(おう)金(ごん) (ōgon)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 金
* かね Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 銀 銅 鉄
From Old Japanese.
Possibly derived from unbound prefix kana- fused with い (i, nominal particle). (Can this etymology be sourced?)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with terms with a ka- stem pertaining to “hardness”?”)
The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 (“silver”), 銅 (“copper”), and 鉄 (“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かね [kàné] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ne̞]

#### Noun

金(かね) • (kane)
* metal
    Synonym: 金属 (kinzoku)
* (impolite) Clipping of お金 (okane): money
* (colloquial) Short for 曲尺 (kanejaku): a carpenter’s square
* (colloquial) Short for 金物 (kanamono) or 金具 (kanagu): metal fittings
* Short for 金性 (kaneshō): fineness of gold metal, compare English karat
* Synonym of 金箔 (kinpaku): gold leaf

##### Usage notes

The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.

##### Derived terms

* 金(かな)網(あみ) (kanaami)
* 金(かな)色(いろ) (kanairo)
* 鍛冶(かじ) (kaji)
* 金(かね)型(がた) (kanegata, “die, mould”)
* 金(かな)具(ぐ) (kanagu)
* 金(かな)串(ぐし) (kanagushi)
* 金(かな)轡(ぐつわ) (kanagutsuwa)
* 金(かな)沢(ざわ) (Kanazawa)
* 金(かな)縛(しば)り (kanashibari)
* 金(かな)槌(づち) (kanazuchi)
* 金(かな)床(とこ) (kanatoko)
* 鉄(かな)棒(ぼう) (kanabō)
* 金(かね)目(め) (kaneme)
* 金(かな)山(やま) (kanayama)
* 銅(あかがね) (akagane)
* 上(あ)げ金(がね) (agegane, “tribute paid by general commoners to daimyō in feudal Japan”)
* 鋇(あつがね) (atsugane)
* 粗(あら)金(がね) (aragane)
* 板(いた)金(がね) (itagane)
* 裏(うら)金(がね) (uragane)
* 帯(おび)金(がね) (obigane)
* 切(き)り金(がね) (kirigane)
* 截(き)り金(がね) (kirigane)
* 鉄(くろがね) (kurogane)
* 小(こ)金(がね) (kogane)
* 黄(こ)金(がね) (kogane)
* 地(じ)金(がね) (jigane)
* 銀(しろがね) (shirogane)
* 筋(すじ)金(がね) (sujigane)
* 鑽(たがね) (tagane)
* 鋼(はがね) (hagane)
* 針(はり)金(がね) (harigane)
* 眼鏡(めがね) (megane)

##### Descendants

* → Ainu: カニ, カーニ

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 金
* こがね Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 金 – see the following entry. :
| 【黄金こがね】 | [noun] gold (Au) as a metal [noun] money, more specifically the large 大判 (ōban) gold coins formerly used in Japan [noun] Short for 黄金色 (kogane iro): gold as a colour [noun] Short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei): powdered gold suspended in a base and used as paint |
(This term, 金, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 金 (MC kim).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 금 (Yale: kùm) | 금 (Yale: kùm) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 쇠〮 (Yale: swóy) | 금 (Yale: kùm) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɯm]
* Phonetic hangul: [금]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 金 (eumhun 쇠 금 (soe geum))
* Hanja form of 금 (“gold; amount of money”). [noun]
* Hanja form of 금 (“money”). [suffix]
* Hanja form of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).

##### Compounds

* 갹금 (醵金, gyakgeum)
* 거금 (巨金, geogeum)
* 거금 (醵金, geogeum)
* 금고 (金庫, geumgo)
* 금리 (金利, geumni)
* 금박 (金箔, geumbak)
* 금발 (金髪, geumbal)
* 금성 (金星, geumseong)
* 금속 (金屬, geumsok)
* 금융 (金融, geumyung)
* 금전 (金錢, geumjeon)
* 금품 (金品, geumpum)
* 과금 (課金, gwageum)
* 기금 (基金, gigeum)
* 대금 (代金, daegeum)
* 도금 (鍍金, dogeum)
* 모금 (募金, mogeum)
* 만금 (萬金, man'geum)
* 백금 (白金, baekgeum)
* 벌금 (罰金, beolgeum)
* 상금 (賞金, sanggeum)
* 세금 (稅金, segeum)
* 송금 (送金, songgeum)
* 연금 (年金, yeon'geum)
* 예금 (預金, yegeum)
* 요금 (料金, yogeum)
* 원금 (元金, won'geum)
* 임금 (賃金, imgeum)
* 입금 (入金, ipgeum)
* 자금 (資金, jageum)
* 저금 (貯金, jeogeum)
* 판금 (板金, pan'geum)
* 합금 (合金, hapgeum)
* 헌금 (獻金, heon'geum)
* 현금 (現金, hyeon'geum)
* 황금 (黃金, hwanggeum)
* 과징금 (課徵金, gwajinggeum)
* 금강산 (金剛山, Geumgangsan)
* 금요일 (金曜日, geumyoil)
* 금자탑 (金字塔, geumjatap)
* 기부금 (寄附金, gibugeum)
* 등록금 (登錄金, deungnokgeum)
* 범칙금 (犯則金, beomchikgeum)
* 보조금 (補助金, bojogeum)
* 비자금 (祕資金, bijageum)
* 잉여금 (剩餘金, ing'yeogeum)
* 장학금 (奬學金, janghakgeum)
* 중금속 (重金屬, junggeumsok)
* 추징금 (追徵金, chujinggeum)
* 후원금 (後援金, huwon'geum)

### Etymology 2

Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kim]
* Phonetic hangul: [김]

#### Hanja

金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saram-ui seong gim))
* Hanja form of 김 (“a surname; used in placenames”).

##### Compounds

* 김제 (金堤, Gimje)
* 김천 (金泉, Gimcheon)
* 김포 (金浦, Gimpo)
* 김해 (金海, Gimhae)

### References

* ↑ 권인한 (2004) “성씨 김(金)의 한자음 연원을 찾아서”, in Sae Gugeo Saenghwal‎ (in Korean), volume 14, number 4, pages 143—155
* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Old Japanese
### Compounds

* 思金神 (Omo₂pi₁kane no₂ kami₂)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *kanai.
Possibly derived from unbound prefix kana- stemmed with nominal particle い (i). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Noun

金 (kane) (kana かね)
* a metal, especially gold
    Coordinate terms: 銀, 鐵, 銅 (kane)

##### Derived terms

* 鍛 (kanuti)
* 金門 (kanato₁)
* 鼎 (kanape₁)
* 金山 (kanayama)
* 銅 (akagane)
* 黃金 (kugane)
* 鐵 (kuro₁gane)
* 銀 (siro₁gane)

##### Descendants

* > Japanese: 金 (kane) (inherited)

### Etymology 2

From 黃 (ku, “yellow”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”).

#### Noun

金 (kugane) (kana くがね)
* Alternative spelling of 黃金 (kugane): gold as a metal
    Coordinate terms: 銅 (akagane), 鐵 (kuro₁gane), 銀 (siro₁gane)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 黄金 (kogane)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

金: Hán Việt readings: kim
金: Nôm readings: kim, ghim, câm, găm, ghim
* Chữ Hán form of kim (“gold; metal”).
* Chữ Hán form of Kim (“a surname from Chinese”).

#### Compounds

* 亞金 (á kim)
* 假金 (giả kim)
* 合金 (hợp kim)
* 白金 (bạch kim)
* 金剛 (kim cương)
* 金器 (kim khí)
* 金字塔 (kim tự tháp)
* 金星 (Kim tinh, “Venus”)
* 金環 (kim hoàn)
* 金線 (kim tuyến)
* 金額 (kim ngạch)
* 金類 (kim loại)
* 鍊金 (luyện kim)
* 非金 (phi kim)
* 黃金 (hoàng kim)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).