# orphan
## English
### Alternative forms

* orphane (obsolete)

### Etymology

Late Middle English, from Late Latin orphanus, from Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “without parents, fatherless”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos.
* PIE word
* *h₃órbʰos
Cognate with Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old High German erbi, arbi (German Erbe (“heir”)), Old English ierfa (“heir”). More at erf.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɔːfən/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɔɹfən/
* (dialectal, archaic) IPA: /ˈɔːɹfənt/ (see orphant)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)fən
* Homophone: often (non-rhotic, lot–cloth split)
* Hyphenation: or‧phan

### Noun

orphan (plural orphans)
* A person, especially a minor, both or (rarely) one of whose parents have died.
** 1956, Delano Ames, chapter 9, in Crime out of Mind‎:Rudolf was the bold, bad Baron of traditional melodrama. Irene was young, as pretty as a picture, fresh from a music academy in England. He was the scion of an ancient noble family; she an orphan without money or friends.
* A person, especially a minor, whose parents have permanently abandoned them.
* A young animal with no mother.
* (figuratively) Anything that is unsupported, as by its source, provider or caretaker, by reason of the supporter's demise or decision to abandon.
* (typography) A single line of type, beginning a paragraph, at the bottom of a column or page.
    Antonym: widow
* (computing) Any unreferenced object.
** 2003, David D. Riley, The Object of Data Abstraction and Structures Using Java, page 234:An orphan isn't harmful in a language that has garbage collection, such as Java. However, reducing the number of orphans can be expected to improve code performance.

#### Derived terms

* double orphan
* half orphan
* half-orphan
* maternal orphan
* orphanage
* orphan asylum
* orphan-crushing machine
* orphancy
* orphan disease
* orphandom
* orphan drug
* orphaner
* orphanet
* orphanhood
* orphan initialism
* orphanism
* orphanity
* orphanize
* orphan John
* orphan medicine
* orphanotrophism
* orphanotrophy
* orphan page
* orphan receptor
* orphanry
* orphanship
* orphan source
* orphan star
* orphan tears
* orphan train
* orphan work
* orphany
* paper orphan
* paternal orphan
* social orphan
* war orphan

#### Translations

Afrikaans: weeskind
Albanian: jetim (sq) m, jetime (sq) f, bonjak (sq) m, bonjake (sq) f
Arabic: يَتِيم (ar) m (yatīm), يَتِيمَة f (yatīma)
Egyptian Arabic: يتيم m (yatīm)
Armenian: որբ (hy) (orb)
Old Armenian: որբ (orb)
Asturian: güérfanu m
Azerbaijani: yetim (az)
Bashkir: етем (yetem), йәтим (yətim)
Basque: umezurtz
Belarusian: сірата́ m or f (siratá)
Bengali: এতিম (bn) (etim)
Bulgarian: сира́к (bg) m (sirák), сирота́ (bg) f (sirotá)
Burmese: မိဘမဲ့ (my) (mi.bha.mai.)
Cahuilla: 'aminat
Catalan: orfe (ca) m, òrfena (ca) f
Cebuano: ilo
Chamicuro: wakcha
Chechen: бо (bo)
Cherokee: ᎤᏓᏂᏯᏛ (udaniyadv)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 孤兒 / 孤儿 (gu$^1$ ji$^4$), 孤兒仔 / 孤儿仔 (gu$^1$ ji$^4$ zai$^2$)
Dungan: етиму (i͡ətimu)
Eastern Min: 無奶囝 / 无奶囝 (mò̤-nā̤-giāng)
Gan: 孤兒 / 孤儿 (gu$^1$ eo$^4$)
Hokkien: 孤兒 / 孤儿 (zh-min-nan) (ko͘-jî / ko͘-lî)
Jin: 孤兒 / 孤儿 (gu$^1$ er$^1$)
Mandarin: 孤兒 / 孤儿 (zh) (gū'ér), 遺孤 / 遗孤 (zh) (yígū)
Xiang: 孤兒 / 孤儿 (gu$^1$ e$^2$)
Chukchi: ейвэл (jejwel)
Chuvash: тӑлӑх (tălăh)
Classical Syriac: ܝܬܡܐ m (yaṯmāʾ)
Czech: sirotek (cs) m, sirota (cs) f
Danish: forældreløst barn n, hittebarn (da) n
Dongxiang: oliechin
Dupaningan Agta: golang
Dutch: wees (nl) m or f, weeskind (nl) n, weesjongen (nl) m, weesmeisje (nl) n
Egyptian: (tfn m), (nmḥ)
Esperanto: orfo
Estonian: orb (et), vaeslaps
Faroese: foreldraloysingur
Finnish: orpo (fi)
French: orphelin (fr) m, orpheline (fr) f
Old French: orfelin m
Friulian: vuarfin m, vuarfine f
Galician: orfo (gl) m, orfa f
Georgian: ობოლი (oboli)
German: (♂♀) Waise (de) f, (both parents dead, ♂♀) Vollwaise (de) f, (one parent dead, ♂♀) Halbwaise (de) f, (♂♀) Waisenkind (de) n, Waisenknabe (de) m, Waisenjunge (de) m, (♀) Waisenmädchen (de) n, Elternloser m, Elternlose f
Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰 m (widuwairna)
Greek: ορφανός (el) m (orfanós), (colloquial, when both parents are dead) πεντάρφανος (el) m (pentárfanos)
Haitian Creole: òfelen
Hebrew: יָתוֹם (he) m (yatóm), יְתוֹמָה f (yetomá)
Higaonon: ilo
Hiligaynon: ilo
Hindi: अनाथ (hi) m (anāth), यतीम (hi) m (yatīm), लावारिस (hi) m (lāvāris)
Hungarian: árva (hu)
Icelandic: munaðarleysingi (is) m
Ido: orfano (io)
Indonesian: yatim (id) (who has lost one parent only), anak yatim (id) (who has lost father, literally means orphan child), anak piatu (id) (who has lost mother), anak yatim piatu (who has lost both parents)
Ingrian: armatoin, armotoin, orpo
Ingush: бо (bo)
Irish: dílleachta, tachrán m, aindílleachta m (uncared-for)
Italian: orfano (it) m, orfana (it) f
Japanese: 孤児 (ja) (こじ, koji)
Javanese: lola
Kazakh: жетім (jetım)
Khmer: ក្មេងកំព្រា (kmeeng kɑmpriə)
Korean: 고아(孤兒) (ko) (goa)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ھەتیو (ckb) (hetîw)
Northern Kurdish: sêwî (ku) m or f, êtîm (ku) m or f
Kyrgyz: жетим (ky) (jetim)
Lao: ກຳພອຽ (kamp ʼīa), ກຳພ້າກຳພອຽ (kam phā kamp ʼīa) (who has lost both parents), ກຳພ້າ (kam phā) (who has lost one parent only), ອະນາຖາ (ʼa nā thā)
Latin: orbus m, orba f
Latvian: bārenis m, bārene f
Lezgi: етим (etim)
Lithuanian: našlaitis m, našlaitė (lt) f
Livonian: joutõmläpš, bōr
Lombard: orfen (lmo) m, orfena (lmo) f
Lü: ᦂᧄᧈᦘᦱᧉ (k̇am¹phaa²)
Luhya: omufubi
Macedonian: сираче n (sirače)
Malagasy: kamboty (mg)
Malay: anak yatim (ms)
Malayalam: അനാഥ (anātha​)
Maltese: orfni m, ltim m
Manchu: ᡠᠮᡠᡩᡠ (umudu), ᡠᠮᡠᡩᡠ ᠵᡠᡳ (umudu jui)
Manx: treoghan m
Maori: pani
Maranao: ilo
Marathi: अनाथ मूल n (anāth mūl)
Middle English: stepchild, stepbarn
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: өнчин (mn) (önčin)
Mongolian: ᠥᠨᠦᠴᠢᠨ (önüčin)
Navajo: bąąh ádahasdįįdígíí
Ngazidja Comorian: yatima class 5/6
Nogai: етим (yetim)
Northern Altai: ӧскис (öskis), ӧксӱс (öksüs)
Northern Sami: oarbbis
Norwegian:
Bokmål: foreldreløst barn n
Nynorsk: foreldrelaust barn n
Occitan: orfanèl (oc) m, orfanèla (oc) f
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: сирота f (sirota)
Glagolitic: ⱄⰻⱃⱁⱅⰰ f (sirota)
Old East Slavic: сирота f (sirota)
Old English: stēopċild n, stēopbearn n
Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰃𐱃𐰀 (y¹it¹a), 𐰖𐱃𐰀 (y¹t¹a)
Ossetian: сидзӕр (siʒær)
Ottoman Turkish: اوكسز (öksüz), یتیم (yetim)
Papiamentu: wérfano
Pashto: يتيم (ps) m (yatim), پلارمړی (ps) m (plārmǝṛay) (fatherless), مورمړی m (mormǝṛay) (motherless)
Persian: یَتیم (fa) (yatim)
Plautdietsch: Weis f
Polish: sierota (pl) f, sierotka (pl) f (diminutive)
Portuguese: órfão (pt) m, órfã (pt) f
Punjabi: ਅਨਾਥ (pa) (anāth), ਯਤੀਮ (yatīm)
Quechua: wakcha
Romanian: orfan (ro) m, orfană f
Russian: сирота́ (ru) m or f (sirotá), сиро́тка (ru) m or f (sirótka) (diminutive)
Saho: xeewo
Samoan: matuaoti
Sanskrit: अनाथ (sa) (ánāthá)
Scottish Gaelic: dìlleachd m, dìlleachdan m, tàcharan m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: сиро̀че n, сиро̀та̄н m, сиро̀та f, сѝра̄к m, сирота́нче n, сиро̀тица f
Roman: siròče (sh) n, siròtān (sh) m, siròta (sh) f, sìrāk (sh) m, sirotánče n, siròtica (sh) f
Sicilian: prujettu m, prujetta f
Sinhalese: අනාථ (anātha)
Slovak: sirota f
Slovene: sirota (sl) f
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: syrota f
Upper Sorbian: syrota f
Southern Altai: ӧскӱс (ösküs), ӧксӱс (öksüs)
Spanish: huérfano (es) m, huérfana (es) f
Sundanese: yatim piatu
Swahili: mfiwa, yatima (sw), mtoto yatima (sw) (orphan child)
Swedish: föräldralöst barn n
Tabasaran: йитим (jitim)
Tagalog: ulila
Tajik: ятим (tg) (yatim), сағир (saġir)
Tamil: அனாதை (ta) (aṉātai)
Taos: pènkuʼúna
Tarifit: ayujir m
Tatar: ятим (tt) (yatim), үксез (tt) (üksez)
Telugu: అనాధ (te) (anādha)
Tetum: please add this translation if you can
Thai: เด็กกำพร้า (dèk gam-práa)
Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
Tlingit: kuhaankée
Turkish: yetim (tr), öksüz (tr)
Turkmen: ýetim
Ugaritic: 𐎊𐎚𐎎 (ytm)
Ukrainian: сирота́ m or f (syrotá)
Urdu: یَتِیم (ur) m (yatīm), اَناتھ m (anāth)
Uyghur: يېتىم (yëtim)
Uzbek: yetim (uz)
Vietnamese: trẻ mồ côi, cô nhi (vi)
Volapük: nenpalan (vo)
Welsh: amddifad (cy)
Yiddish: יתום m (yosem), יתומה f (yesoyme)
Yup'ik: elliraq :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Adjective

orphan (not comparable)
* Deprived of parents (also orphaned).
    She is an orphan child.
* (by extension, figuratively) Remaining after the removal of some form of support.
    With its government funding curtailed, the gun registry became an orphan program.

#### Derived terms

* orphan acronym
* orphan work

#### Related terms

* orphan drug

#### Translations
### Verb

orphan (third-person singular simple present orphans, present participle orphaning, simple past and past participle orphaned)
* (transitive) To deprive of parents (used almost exclusively in the passive)
    What do you do when you come across two orphaned polar bear cubs?
* (transitive, computing) To make unavailable, as by removing the last remaining pointer or reference to.
    When you removed that image tag, you orphaned the resized icon.
    Removing categories orphans pages from the main category tree.

#### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete.

#### Derived terms

* orphan off

#### Translations
### References

* Jones, M. Jean (1973 August) The Regional English of the Former Inhabitants of Cades Cove in the Great Smoky Mountains‎, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, page 114
* “orphan”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* Orphan in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

### Anagrams

* harp on