# 揭

| 揭 | U+63ED, &#25581; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63ED |
| ← 揬 [U+63EC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 揮 → [U+63EE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

揭 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手日心女 (QAPV), four-corner 5602$_7$, composition ⿰扌曷)

#### Derived characters

* 䥟 䔾 𭊪 𮆉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 444, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12389
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1916, character 5
* Unihan data for U+63ED

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 揭 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad): semantic 扌 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiē (jie$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jie$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kit$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ket$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiet$^6$ / qiet$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiet / yet / kiat / yat
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giad$^5$ / yad$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): giĕ
* Eastern Min (BUC): giék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiat / kia̍t / khiat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$ciq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jie$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jie
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$
*** Yale: jyē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jie$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gie
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kit$^3$
*** Yale: kit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːt̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ket$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰet̚³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiet$^6$ / qiet$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/, /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet / yet
*** Hakka Romanization System: gied$^ˋ$ / ied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giad$^5$ / yad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚²/, /i̯et̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat / yat
*** Hakka Romanization System: giad$^ˋ$ / (r)iad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giad$^5$ / yad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚²/, /(j)i̯at̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giad$^5$ / yad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹/, /iat̚¹/
* Sixian:
** kiet - literary;
** yet - vernacular.
* Meixian:
** giad5 - literary;
** iad5 - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit揭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕiə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕie²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕieʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕieʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕia⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕie²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕie²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕiɛʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɛʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kiat̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰit̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰit̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰit̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiat̚³²/ /kiaʔ³²/ /giaʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiɛʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kiɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kiaʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kit̚⁵⁵/ /kia³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjot, gjot, gjet, khjet, kjet
Rime :
| Character | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 |
| Reading # | 2/6 | 3/6 | 4/6 | 5/6 | 6/6 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 群 (30) | 群 (30) | 溪 (29) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 月 (67) | 月 (67) | 薛 (83) | 薛 (83) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居謁切 | 其謁切 | 渠列切 | 丘竭切 | 居列切 |
| Baxter | kjot | gjot | gjet | khjet | kjet |
| Reconstructions ||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐt̚/ | /ɡɨɐt̚/ | /ɡˠiᴇt̚/ | /kʰˠiᴇt̚/ | /kˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐt̚/ | /ɡiɐt̚/ | /ɡᵚiɛt̚/ | /kʰᵚiɛt̚/ | /kᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɐt̚/ | /ɡiɐt̚/ | /ɡiæt̚/ | /kʰiæt̚/ | /kiæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨat̚/ | /gɨat̚/ | /giat̚/ | /kʰiat̚/ | /kiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐt̚/ | /ɡiɐt̚/ | /ɡjɛt̚/ | /kʰjɛt̚/ | /kjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐt̚/ | /ɡĭɐt̚/ | /ɡĭɛt̚/ | /kʰĭɛt̚/ | /kĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɨ̯ɐt̚/ | /gɨ̯ɐt̚/ | /gi̯ɛt̚/ | /kʰi̯ɛt̚/ | /ki̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | jié | jié | qie | jie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | git$^3$ | git$^6$ | git$^6$ | hit$^3$ | git$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[k]<r>at/, /*m-[k]at/, /*[k]ʰ<r>at/, /*[k]at/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ked/, /*kʰrad/, /*ɡrad/, /*kad/, /*ɡad/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiē | jiē | jiē | jiē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjet › | ‹ gjot › | ‹ khjet › | ‹ kjot › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-[k]<r>at/ | /*m-[k]at/ | /*[k]ʰ<r>at/ | /*[k]at/ |
| English | lift, raise | lift | lift | lift |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 | 揭 |
| Reading # | 2/6 | 3/6 | 4/6 | 5/6 | 6/6 |
| No. | 5046 | 5048 | 5054 | 5057 | 5062 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 | 曷 | 曷 | 曷 | 曷 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 | 月 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孑 | 朅 | 傑 | | 𢷒 |
| Old Chinese | /*ked/ | /*kʰrad/ | /*ɡrad/ | /*kad/ | /*ɡad/ |

#### Definitions

揭
* to raise; to lift up
* to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal
** 求助適合小童揭著玩的素材。 [MSC, trad.] 求助适合小童揭着玩的素材。 [MSC, simp.]From: 2015, SourceQiúzhù shìhé xiǎotóng jiē zhe wán de sùcái. [Pinyin]Asking for material suitable for children to uncover and play
* to tear off; to take off
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 掲)