# 通

| 通 | U+901A, &#36890; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-901A |
| ← 這 [U+9019] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 逛 → [U+901B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

通 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓戈月 (YNIB), four-corner 3730$_2$, composition ⿺辶甬)

#### Derived characters

* 嗵, 樋, 熥, 蓪
* 𫮢, 𡠙, 𢄟, 𢠆, 𢳟, 𣻢, 𮃫, 𦄷, 𦪏, 𧐺, 𭀶, 𫍌, 𨫤, 𩐹, 𬩐, 𨙖, 𨖕, 𥲆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38892
* Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3845, character 8
* Unihan data for U+901A

## Chinese

* 通 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 通 (Cantonese)
* Thong (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 通 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 俑 | *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 蓪 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 桶 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ |
| 捅 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ |
| 痛 | *l̥ʰoːŋs |
| 筩 | *l'oːŋ |
| 誦 | *ljoŋs |
| 傭 | *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ |
| 慵 | *ɦljoŋ |
| 鱅 | *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ |
| 滽 | *loŋ |
| 墉 | *loŋ |
| 鏞 | *loŋ |
| 鄘 | *loŋ |
| 槦 | *loŋ |
| 銿 | *loŋ |
| 甬 | *loŋʔ |
| 勇 | *loŋʔ |
| 涌 | *loŋʔ |
| 踊 | *loŋʔ |
| 蛹 | *loŋʔ |
| 恿 | *loŋʔ |
| 慂 | *loŋʔ |
| 悀 | *loŋʔ |
| 埇 | *loŋʔ |
| 踴 | *loŋʔ |
| 庸 | *loŋ |
| 用 | *loŋs |
| 佣 | *loŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ): semantic 辶 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tōng (tong$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): tǒng
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tung$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): tung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thûng
    (Hailu, HRS): tung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): tóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): tĕ̤ng / tŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tang$^1$ / torng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thang / thong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^1$ / tong$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tong$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): toeng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$thon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tong
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tong$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: tǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuəŋ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$
*** Yale: tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: huung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tóng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tĕ̤ng / tŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰøyŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* tĕ̤ng - vernacular;
* tŭng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: thuwng
Rime :
| Character | 通 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 他紅切 |
| Baxter | thuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 通 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ thuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁoŋ/ |
| English | penetrate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 通 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15428 |
| Phonetic component | 用 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 通 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰoːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

通
* to pass through; to travel through; to go through; or, to allow passage
    通心粉 ― tōngxīnfěn ― macaroni (lit. "pass-through heart pasta")
    行不通 ― xíngbùtōng ― to be not feasible
    此路不通 ― cǐ lù bùtōng ― No passing road.
       Jiéshù le yánxiàn bā ge xiàn bù tōng tiělù de lìshǐ. [Pinyin]
       Ending the history of railroads not passing through these eight counties.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Zhòngxià xíng dōnglìng, zé báo dòng shāng gǔ, dàolù bù tōng, bàobīng lái zhì. [Pinyin]
    If, in the second month of summer, the governmental proceedings of winter were observed, hail and cold would injure the grain; the roads would not be passable; and violent assaults of war would come.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Wǔ fāng zhī mín, yányǔ bù tōng, shìyù bù tóng. [Pinyin]
    In those five regions, the languages of the people were not mutually intelligible, and their likings and desires were different.
    From: 周敦頤 (Zhou Dunyi) (1017-1073), 愛蓮說
    Zhōng tōng wài zhí, bù màn bù zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (telephony) to get through
       ngo$^5$ daa$^2$ zo$^2$ gei$^2$ ci$^3$ dou$^1$ daa$^2$ m$^4$ tung$^1$. [Jyutping]
       I tried to call several times but couldn't get through.
* to open up; to clear out; to unblock
       tiu$^4$ heoi$^3$ seoi$^2$ hau$^4$ coi$^3$ zo$^2$, jiu$^3$ wan$^2$ jan$^4$ lai$^4$ tung$^1$ faan$^1$ keoi$^5$. [Jyutping]
       As the drain pipe is clogged, we will need to find someone to unblock it.
* to lead to; to go to
* to understand; to know
    通英語／通英语 ― tōng yīngyǔ ― to speak English
    不通人情 ― bùtōngrénqíng ― to be unreasonable
* to connect; to communicate
    通商 ― tōngshāng ― to have trade relations
       loeng$^5$ gaan$^1$ fong$^{4-2}$ hai$^6$ mai$^6$ tung$^1$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Do the two rooms connect?
* to notify; to tell
    通報／通报 ― tōngbào ― to notify
    通個電話／通个电话 ― tōng ge diànhuà ― to give someone a call
* logical; coherent
    講唔通／讲唔通 [Cantonese] ― gong$^2$ m$^4$ tung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* expert
    中國通／中国通 ― zhōngguótōng ― one who knows China very much
* (of Chinese characters) to be etymologically related to and carry a similar meaning to
    ……通「國」／……通「国」 ― ...... tōng “guó” ― … is the same as "國 / 国 (guó)"
* general; common
    通稱／通称 ― tōngchēng ― to be generally known as
    通病 ― tōngbìng ― common failing
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Láoxīn zhě zhì rén, láolì zhě zhì yú rén; zhì yú rén zhě sì rén, zhì rén zhě sì yú rén: tiānxià zhī tōng yì yě. [Pinyin]
    "Those who labour with their minds govern others; those who labour with their strength are governed by others. Those who are governed by others support them; those who govern others are supported by them." This is a principle universally recognised.
* whole; entire
    通夜 ― tōngyè ― whole night
* (Cantonese) pipe-shaped object
    鐵通／铁通 [Cantonese] ― tit$^3$ tung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― iron pipe
* (Cantonese) Short for 通心粉 (“macaroni”).
    腿通 [Cantonese] ― teoi$^2$ tung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― macaroni with ham
* (literary) Classifier for phone calls, letters, telegrams, etc..
    一通電報／一通电报 ― yī tōng diànbào ― one telegram
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) very; most; clearly
* (Southern Min) can; may
    alt. forms: 可, 倘 (tǎng)
    這通食無？／这通食无？ [Hokkien] ― Che thang chia̍h--bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Can this be eaten?

##### Synonyms

* (telephony: to get through): 入 (rù)
* (macaroni):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 通心粉, 通心麵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 通心粉, 通心麵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 通心粉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 通心粉, 通粉, 通 short form only in compounds |
| Wu | Shanghai | 通心粉, 意心粉, 意粉 |

#### Compounds

* 一竅不通 / 一窍不通 (yīqiàobùtōng)
* 一脈相通 / 一脉相通
* 七通八達 / 七通八达
* 三方通話 / 三方通话
* 三通 (sāntōng)
* 三通一平
* 三通四流
* 不知通變 / 不知通变
* 不通 (bùtōng)
* 不通弔慶 / 不通吊庆
* 不通水火
* 不通濟 / 不通济
* 不通痾癢 / 不通疴痒
* 不通聞問 / 不通闻问
* 世事通考
* 串通 (chuàntōng)
* 九通
* 五口通商
* 互通 (hùtōng)
* 互通有無 / 互通有无
* 五通神
* 交通 (jiāotōng)
* 亨通 (hēngtōng)
* 傍通
* 光纖通訊 / 光纤通讯
* 光通量
* 八面圓通 / 八面圆通
* 六通四辟
* 共通 (gòngtōng)
* 共通意志
* 兼通
* 最後通牒 / 最后通牒 (zuìhòutōngdié)
* 勾通 (gōutōng)
* 包通
* 南通 (Nántōng)
* 博古通今 (bógǔtōngjīn)
* 卡通 (kǎtōng)
* 右側通行 / 右侧通行
* 史通
* 呼吸相通 (hūxīxiāngtōng)
* 唔通
* 四通五達 / 四通五达
* 四通八達 / 四通八达 (sìtōngbādá)
* 圓通 / 圆通 (yuántōng)
* 圓通大士 / 圆通大士
* 大三通
* 大通 (dàtōng)
* 大通之年
* 大通套
* 大通年
* 大通河
* 大通銀行 / 大通银行
* 天眼通
* 太空通訊 / 太空通讯
* 天通苑 (Tiāntōngyuàn)
* 妙畫通靈 / 妙画通灵
* 姻通
* 姦通 / 奸通 (jiāntōng)
* 字通
* 官運亨通 / 官运亨通 (guānyùnhēngtōng)
* 密不通風 / 密不通风
* 宿命通
* 小三通
* 平通
* 廣通渠 / 广通渠
* 徇通
* 心有靈犀一點通 / 心有灵犀一点通 (xīn yǒu língxī yīdiǎn tōng)
* 息息相通
* 想不通 (xiǎngbùtōng)
* 意見溝通 / 意见沟通
* 感通
* 應權通變 / 应权通变
* 戰地通訊 / 战地通讯
* 打通 (dǎtōng)
* 打通兒 / 打通儿
* 打通狀 / 打通状
* 打通關 / 打通关
* 打通關節 / 打通关节
* 扞格不通 (hàngébùtōng)
* 接通 (jiētōng)
* 搶通 / 抢通
* 撲撲通通 / 扑扑通通
* 撲通 / 扑通 (pūtōng)
* 撲通一聲 / 扑通一声
* 撲通撲通 / 扑通扑通
* 撲通通冬 / 扑通通冬
* 擂鼓三通
* 政通人和 (zhèngtōngrénhé)
* 文獻通考 / 文献通考 (Wénxiàn Tōngkǎo)
* 旁通
* 明通 (Míngtōng)
* 易通釋 / 易通释
* 昭通 (Zhāotōng)
* 時通運泰 / 时通运泰
* 時運亨通 / 时运亨通
* 普通 (pǔtōng)
* 暢通 / 畅通 (chàngtōng)
* 暢通無阻 / 畅通无阻 (chàngtōngwúzǔ)
* 曲徑通幽 / 曲径通幽
* 書通二酉 / 书通二酉
* 會通 / 会通 (huìtōng)
* 有無相通 / 有无相通
* 木通 (mùtōng)
* 格古通今
* 正字通 (Zhèngzìtōng)
* 毋通
* 水喉通
* 水泄不通 (shuǐxièbùtōng)
* 水洩不通 / 水泄不通 (shuǐxièbùtōng)
* 流通 (liútōng)
* 海底通訊 / 海底通讯
* 深通
* 清通 (qīngtōng)
* 淹通
* 溝通 / 沟通 (gōutōng)
* 溝通管道 / 沟通管道
* 滿臉通紅 / 满脸通红
* 漸通人事 / 渐通人事
* 滿面通紅 / 满面通红
* 烏鵲通巢 / 乌鹊通巢
* 無師自通 / 无师自通 (wúshīzìtōng)
* 無所不通 / 无所不通
* 煙通 / 烟通
* 燈火通明 / 灯火通明 (dēnghuǒtōngmíng)
* 狗屁不通 (gǒupìbùtōng)
* 理番通事
* 疏通 (shūtōng)
* 白虎通義 / 白虎通义
* 百事通 (bǎishìtōng)
* 直通 (zhítōng)
* 相通 (xiāngtōng)
* 碩學通儒 / 硕学通儒
* 神通 (shéntōng)
* 萬事亨通 / 万事亨通
* 萬事通 / 万事通 (wànshìtōng)
* 私通 (sītōng)
* 窮通 / 穷通
* 窮通皆命 / 穷通皆命
* 粗通
* 精通 (jīngtōng)
* 絕地天通 / 绝地天通
* 統通 / 统通
* 續通典 / 续通典
* 續通志 / 续通志
* 老運亨通 / 老运亨通
* 聯網通 / 联网通
* 脈絡貫通 / 脉络贯通
* 苓通
* 融會貫通 / 融会贯通 (rónghuìguàntōng)
* 融通
* 融通物
* 行不通 (xíngbutōng)
* 裡通外國 / 里通外国 (lǐtōngwàiguó)
* 觸類旁通 / 触类旁通 (chùlèipángtōng)
* 該通 / 该通
* 識時通變 / 识时通变
* 警世通言
* 變通 / 变通 (biàntōng)
* 豁然貫通 / 豁然贯通
* 財運亨通 / 财运亨通
* 貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
* 買通 / 买通 (mǎitōng)
* 資治通鑑 / 资治通鉴 (Zīzhì Tōngjiàn)
* 賤貴窮通 / 贱贵穷通
* 路路不通
* 路路通
* 辭通 / 辞通
* 通事 (tōngshì)
* 通事官 (tōngshìguān)
* 通事舍人
* 通亮 (tōngliàng)
* 通人
* 通人達才 / 通人达才
* 通今博古
* 通令 (tōnglìng)
* 通例 (tōnglì)
* 通信 (tōngxìn)
* 通俗 (tōngsú)
* 通侻
* 通俗劇 / 通俗剧
* 通便劑 / 通便剂
* 通俗文
* 通俗文學 / 通俗文学
* 通俗編 / 通俗编
* 通俗讀物 / 通俗读物
* 通假 (tōngjiǎ)
* 通儒 (tōngrú)
* 通光 (thang-kng) (Min Nan)
* 通共 (tōnggòng)
* 通典 (Tōngdiǎn)
* 通函 (tōnghán)
* 通分
* 通判
* 通刺
* 通則 / 通则 (tōngzé)
* 通劑 / 通剂
* 通力 (tōnglì)
* 通力合作 (tōnglìhézuò)
* 通功易事
* 通勤 (tōngqín)
* 通勤圈
* 通口
* 通史 (tōngshǐ)
* 通古博今
* 通古斯族
* 透古通今
* 通名 (tōngmíng)
* 通同 (tōngtóng)
* 通吃 (tōngchī)
* 通合一氣 / 通合一气
* 通同一氣 / 通同一气
* 通告 (tōnggào)
* 通問 / 通问 (tōngwèn)
* 通商 (tōngshāng)
* 通商口岸 (tōngshāng kǒu'àn)
* 通商條約 / 通商条约
* 通商港 (tōngshānggǎng)
* 通國 / 通国 (tōngguó)
* 通城 (Tōngchéng)
* 通報 / 通报 (tōngbào)
* 通塞
* 通夜 (tōngyè)
* 通天 (tōngtiān)
* 通天冠
* 通天塔
* 通天徹地 / 通天彻地
* 通天河 (Tōngtiān Hé)
* 通天犀
* 通套
* 通好 (tōnghǎo)
* 通奸 (tōngjiān)
* 通姦 / 通奸 (tōngjiān)
* 通婚 (tōnghūn)
* 通學 / 通学
* 通學生 / 通学生 (tōngxuéshēng)
* 通官
* 通宵 (tōngxiāo)
* 通家 (tōngjiā)
* 通家之好
* 通宵達旦 / 通宵达旦 (tōngxiāodádàn)
* 通宿 (tōngxiǔ)
* 通寶 / 通宝 (tōngbǎo)
* 通山 (Tōngshān)
* 通常 (tōngcháng)
* 通年 (tōngnián)
* 通幽洞微
* 通往 (tōngwǎng)
* 通徹 / 通彻 (tōngchè)
* 通心 (tōngxīn)
* 通心粉 (tōngxīnfěn)
* 通心麵 / 通心面
* 通志
* 通性 (tōngxìng)
* 通惠 (Tōnghuì)
* 通情
* 通情達理 / 通情达理 (tōngqíngdálǐ)
* 通房
* 通才 (tōngcái)
* 通才教育
* 通才練識 / 通才练识
* 通政司 (Tōngzhèngsī)
* 通敵 / 通敌 (tōngdí)
* 通明 (tōngmíng)
* 通時達變 / 通时达变
* 通暢 / 通畅 (tōngchàng)
* 通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
* 通曆 / 通历
* 通書 / 通书 (tōngshū)
* 通朗
* 通梁 (Tōngliáng)
* 通條 / 通条 (tōngtiáo)
* 通條樹 / 通条树
* 通欄 / 通栏
* 通權達變 / 通权达变 (tōngquándábiàn)
* 通款
* 通殺 / 通杀 (tōngshā)
* 通氣 / 通气 (tōngqì)
* 通水 (tōngshuǐ)
* 通泰
* 通海口 (Tōnghǎikǒu)
* 通濟渠 / 通济渠
* 通牒 (tōngdié)
* 通玄
* 通理
* 通用 (tōngyòng)
* 通疏
* 通病 (tōngbìng)
* 通盤 / 通盘 (tōngpán)
* 通眉長爪 / 通眉长爪
* 通知 (tōngzhī)
* 通知單 / 通知单 (tōngzhīdān)
* 通知啟事 / 通知启事
* 通知書 / 通知书 (tōngzhīshū)
* 通神 (tōngshén)
* 通票 (tōngpiào)
* 通禮 / 通礼
* 通稱 / 通称 (tōngchēng)
* 通竅 / 通窍 (tōngqiào)
* 通算 (tōngsuàn)
* 通籍
* 通紅 / 通红 (tōnghóng)
* 通統 / 通统 (tōngtǒng)
* 通經 / 通经
* 通緝 / 通缉 (tōngjī)
* 通義 / 通义
* 通考 (tōngkǎo)
* 通脫 / 通脱 (tōngtuō)
* 通脫不拘 / 通脱不拘
* 通脫木 / 通脱木
* 通腳 / 通脚
* 通膨 (tōngpéng)
* 通臂拳
* 通航 (tōngháng)
* 通草 (tōngcǎo)
* 通草灰
* 通草紙 / 通草纸
* 通莊 / 通庄
* 通融 (tōngróng)
* 通行 (tōngxíng)
* 通行本
* 通行權 / 通行权
* 通行無阻 / 通行无阻
* 通行證 / 通行证 (tōngxíngzhèng)
* 通行費 / 通行费 (tōngxíngfèi)
* 通衢 (tōngqú)
* 通衢大道
* 通衢廣陌 / 通衢广陌
* 通觀 / 通观 (tōngguān)
* 通觀全局 / 通观全局
* 通解 (tōngjiě)
* 通訊 / 通讯 (tōngxùn)
* 通訊卡 / 通讯卡
* 通訊員 / 通讯员 (tōngxùnyuán)
* 通訊器 / 通讯器
* 通訊社 / 通讯社 (tōngxùnshè)
* 通訊網 / 通讯网 (tōngxùnwǎng)
* 通訊自由 / 通讯自由
* 通訊處 / 通讯处
* 通訊衛星 / 通讯卫星 (tōngxùn wèixīng)
* 通訊錄 / 通讯录 (tōngxùnlù)
* 通誠 / 通诚
* 通話 / 通话 (tōnghuà)
* 通語 / 通语 (tōngyǔ)
* 通論 / 通论 (tōnglùn)
* 通謀 / 通谋
* 通識 / 通识 (tōngshí)
* 通譜 / 通谱
* 通識教育 / 通识教育 (tōngshí jiàoyù)
* 通識科目 / 通识科目
* 通議 / 通议
* 通譯 / 通译 (tōngyì)
* 通譯員 / 通译员 (tōngyìyuán)
* 通讀 / 通读 (tōngdú)
* 通變 / 通变 (tōngbiàn)
* 通谷 (tōnggǔ)
* 通財 / 通财 (tōngcái)
* 通貨 / 通货 (tōnghuò)
* 通貨緊縮 / 通货紧缩 (tōnghuò jǐnsuō)
* 通貨膨脹 / 通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng)
* 通路 (tōnglù)
* 通身 (tōngshēn)
* 通身上下
* 通車 / 通车 (tōngchē)
* 通通 (tōngtōng)
* 通連 / 通连
* 通透 (tōngtòu)
* 通運 / 通运
* 通過 / 通过 (tōngguò)
* 通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
* 通道 (tōngdào)
* 通達事理 / 通达事理
* 通達人情 / 通达人情
* 通郵 / 通邮 (tōngyóu)
* 通都大邑
* 通鋪 / 通铺 (tōngpù)
* 通鑑 / 通鉴 (Tōngjiàn)
* 通關 / 通关 (tōngguān)
* 通關手 / 通关手
* 通關節 / 通关节 (tōng guānjié)
* 通關鼻子 / 通关鼻子
* 通陳 / 通陈
* 通雅
* 通電 / 通电 (tōngdiàn)
* 通靈 / 通灵 (tōnglíng)
* 通靈寶玉 / 通灵宝玉
* 通韻 / 通韵
* 通順 / 通顺 (tōngshùn)
* 通頭 / 通头
* 通顯 / 通显
* 通風 / 通风 (tōngfēng)
* 通風報信 / 通风报信 (tōngfēngbàoxìn)
* 通風機 / 通风机
* 通飭 / 通饬
* 通體 / 通体 (tōngtǐ)
* 達士通人 / 达士通人
* 達權通變 / 达权通变
* 鄧通之財 / 邓通之财
* 鄧通錢 / 邓通钱
* 錢可通神 / 钱可通神
* 錢通 / 钱通
* 鐵通 / 铁通
* 開元通寶 / 开元通宝
* 開通 / 开通
* 關通 / 关通
* 雙向溝通 / 双向沟通
* 電子通勤 / 电子通勤
* 靈犀相通 / 灵犀相通
* 靈通 / 灵通 (língtōng)
* 風俗通義 / 风俗通义
* 首尾貫通 / 首尾贯通
* 馬氏文通 / 马氏文通
* 馬通 / 马通 (mǎtōng)
* 高步通衢
* 鬆通 / 松通

#### Further reading

* “通”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tòng, tōng (tong$^4$, tong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ, ㄊㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tòng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^4$
*** Yale: tùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonq
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tòngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tòngr
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: tùngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonql
*** Palladius: тунр (tunr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tong
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$
*** Yale: tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

通
* Classifier for rolls of the drum.
* Classifier for actions.
    胡說一通／胡说一通 ― húshuō yī tòng ― to talk a heap of nonsense
    發了一通牢騷／发了一通牢骚 ― fā le yī tòng láosāo ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁歡, 《閒人馬大姐》, Episode 6
    Wǒ zhè yī jièshào, hē, tāmen zhè yī tòng mǎi. [Pinyin]
    They went on a buying frenzy after just a bit of advertising from me.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^3$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàng
*** Tâi-lô: thàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰaŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰaŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thàng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ²¹³/

#### Definitions

通
* (Southern Min) to lead to
* (Hokkien) to go through; to penetrate
* (Teochew) to be proficient in
* (Hokkien, as a complement) complete; comprehensive
* (Southern Min) throughout
       kui-nî-thàng-thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       throughout the year
    亙日／亘日 [Teochew] ― tang$^3$ rig$^8$ [Peng'im] ― whole day

#### Further reading

* “通”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 通 |
| Kyūjitai | 通󠄁 通+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 通󠄃 通+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* pass through

#### Readings

* Go-on: つう (tsū, Jōyō)、つ (tsu, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: とおる (tōru, 通る, Jōyō)、かよう (kayou, 通う, Jōyō)、とおす (tōsu, 通す, Jōyō)
* Nanori: とん (ton)、どうし (dōshi)、とお (tō)、とおり (tōri)、とおる (tōru)、どおり (dōri)、みち (michi)、みつ (mitsu)、ゆき (yuki)、なお (nao)、ひらく (hiraku)

#### Compounds

* 素(す)通(どお)り (sudōri)
* 通(つう)貨(か) (tsūka)
* 通(つう)学(がく) (tsūgaku)
* 通(つう)勤(きん) (tsūkin)
* 通(つう)信(しん) (tsūshin)
* 通(つう)説(せつ) (tsūsetsu)
* 通(つう)達(たつ) (tsūtatsu)
* 通(つう)知(ち) (tsūchi)
* 通(つう)宝(ほう) (tsūhō)
* 通(つう)報(ほう) (tsūhō)
* 通(つう)訳(やく) (tsūyaku)
* 通(つう)例(れい) (tsūrei)

### Counter

通(つう) • (-tsū)
* documents
    証(しょう)書(しょ)一(いっ)通(つう)
       shōsho ittsū
       one certificate

### Noun

通(つう) • (tsū)
* authority, expert, connoisseur
    支(し)那(な)通(つう)
       shinatsū
       China hand

### Proper noun

通(とおる) • (Tōru)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ “通”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

通 (eumhun 통할 통 (tonghal tong))
* hanja form of 통 (“pass through”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

通: Hán Việt readings: thông (他(tha)東(đông)切(thiết))
通: Nôm readings: thong, thông, thồng, thỗng
* chữ Hán form of thông (“to go through; to pass through”).
* chữ Hán form of thông (“to clear off; to unchoke; to unclog”).
* chữ Hán form of thông (“to be familiar with; to master; to be fluent or conversant”).
* chữ Nôm form of thong (“clear; open; having a passage through”).
* chữ Nôm form of thong (“to communicate”).

#### Compounds

* 交通 (giao thông)
* 傳通 (truyền thông)
* 感通 (cảm thông)
* 普通 (phổ thông)
* 流通 (lưu thông)
* 神通 (thần thông)
* 私通 (tư thông)
* 精通 (tinh thông)
* 貫通 (quán thông)
* 通例 (thông lệ)
* 通俗 (thông tục)
* 通信 (thông tin)
* 通判 (thông phán)
* 通同 (thông đồng)
* 通告 (thông cáo)
* 通咨 (thông tư)
* 通商 (thông thương)
* 通報 (thông báo)
* 通家 (thông gia)
* 通常 (thông thường)
* 通淫 (thông dâm)
* 通牒 (thông điệp)
* 通用 (thông dụng)
* 通病 (thông bệnh)
* 通知 (thông tri)
* 通行 (thông hành)
* 通言 (thông ngôn)
* 通訊社 (thông tấn xã)
* 通譯 (thông dịch)
* 通過 (thông qua)
* 通鄰 (thông lân)
* 通關 (thông quan)
* 通風 (thông phong)
* 開通 (khai thông)

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 3 4 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).