# 青

| 青 | U+9752, &#38738; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9752 |
| ← 靑 [U+9751] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 靓 → [U+9753] |
| ⻘ | U+2ED8, &#11992; CJK RADICAL BLUE |
| ← ⻗ [U+2ED7] | CJK Radicals Supplement | ⻙ → [U+2ED9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

青 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), four-corner 5022$_7$, composition ⿱龶月)

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/靑
* 倩, 凊, 啨, 埥, 婧, 崝, 情, 掅, 清, 猜, 晴, 𤲟, 腈, 棈, 𭴼, 睛, 碃, 精, 綪(𬘬), 蜻, 請(请), 錆(锖), 郬, 寈, 菁, 箐, 圊

#### Related characters

* 靑 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary, preferred form in Korean hanja)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1381, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
* Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9752

## Chinese

* 青 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 青 (Cantonese)
* 青 (Classical)
* Chhiâng-set (Hakka)
* Chăng-sáik (Eastern Min)
* 青色 (Wu)
* Cyan (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 青 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”); a more conservative variant is 𤯞. Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (yuè, “moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qīng (qing$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qin$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qǐng
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): cìn
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чин (čin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceng$^1$ / cing$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ceang$^1$ / coeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tiang$^1$ / ten$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qiang$^1$ / qin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhiâng / chhîn / chhiang
    (Hailu, HRS): ciang$^ˋ$ / cin$^ˋ$ / ciang$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qiang$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qi$^1$ / qing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cháng / chéng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chăng / chĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ca$^1$ / caⁿ$^1$ / cing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ / chheⁿ / seⁿ / chheng / seng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ce$^1$ / qing$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ciang$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$chin / $^1$tshin
** (Jinhua): $^1$tshin
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): cin$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): cionn$^1$ / cin$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): qian$^1$ / qin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cing
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ching
*** Palladius: цин (cin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: qǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: cìn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): cin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰĩ³¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чин (čin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceng$^1$ / cing$^1$
*** Yale: chēng / chīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tseng$^1$ / tsing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: céng$^1$ / qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/
* ceng1 - vernacular;
* cing1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsheng
Rime :
| Character | 青 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉經切 |
| Baxter | tsheng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰeŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰeŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰeŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 青 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsheng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.r̥]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | green or blue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 青 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11362 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靑 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文從生丹，戴桐王筠皆雲從丹生聲 |

#### Definitions

青
* blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)
    青天 ― qīngtiān ― blue sky
    青筋 ― qīngjīn ― blue veins
    青草 ― qīngcǎo ― green grass
    青山綠水／青山绿水 ― qīngshānlǜshuǐ ― green hills and rivers
* blue-green ("grue")-colored items
** green grass
    踏青 ― tàqīng ― to go on an outing to the countryside during spring
** crops that have not yet ripened
    青黃不接／青黄不接 ― qīnghuángbùjiē ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)
    青絲／青丝 ― qīngsī ― black hair
* (Southern Min) green
    青紅燈／青红灯 [Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― traffic light
* (Hong Kong) lime green
    青BB [Cantonese] ― ceng$^1$ bi$^1$ bi$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* young; adolescent
    青年 ― qīngnián ― youth; adolescence
    青春 ― qīngchūn ― youth
* Short for 青年 (qīngnián).
    老中青 ― lǎozhōngqīng ― the old, the middle-aged and the young
    知青 ― zhīqīng ― zhiqing, ""educated youth"
    覺青／觉青 ― juéqīng ― "politically-awakened youth"
* (literary, obsolete) east
* (literary, obsolete) spring
* Short for 青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”).
    青藏鐵路／青藏铁路 ― Qīng Zàng tiělù ― Qinghai-Tibet Railway
* a surname

##### Usage notes

The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水 / 青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ, “hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果 / 青苹果 (qīng píngguǒ, “green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (qīngtiān, “blue sky”), 青出於藍 / 青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán, “blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)
In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where 黑 (hak$^1$) would be considered inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat$^1$, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak$^1$ ji$^1$) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.

##### See also

* 藍／蓝 (lán)
* 蒼／苍 (cāng)
* 紺／绀 (gàn)
* 碧 (bì)

#### Compounds

* 一丈青
* 七青八黃 / 七青八黄
* 三青子
* 不問青黃 / 不问青黄
* 並概青雲 / 并概青云
* 丹青 (dānqīng)
* 丹青妙手
* 丹青手
* 佛青
* 俯拾青紫
* 催青
* 共青團 / 共青团 (gòngqīngtuán)
* 刺青 (cìqīng)
* 包青天 (Bāoqīngtiān)
* 半青半黃 / 半青半黄
* 取青媲白
* 司馬青衫 / 司马青衫
* 名垂青史 (míngchuíqīngshǐ)
* 名標青史 / 名标青史
* 啃青 (kěnqīng)
* 回復青春 / 回复青春
* 回青
* 土瀝青 / 土沥青
* 垂青 (chuíqīng)
* 壓青 / 压青
* 大青
* 大青年
* 天青 (tiānqīng)
* 女青年會 / 女青年会
* 妙手丹青
* 對青山 / 对青山 (Duìqīngshān)
* 小青
* 小青瓦
* 山鹽青 / 山盐青
* 布襪青鞋 / 布袜青鞋
* 常青 (chángqīng)
* 干青雲
* 平地青雲 / 平地青云
* 平步青雲 / 平步青云 (píngbùqīngyún)
* 康青
* 愣頭兒青 / 愣头儿青
* 拖紫垂青
* 抽青配白
* 掇青拾紫
* 放青
* 放青苗 (fàngqīngmiáo)
* 斑青鱗魚 / 斑青鳞鱼
* 朱閣青樓 / 朱阁青楼
* 松柏長青 / 松柏长青
* 柳青
* 柏青哥
* 楊柳青 / 杨柳青
* 楞頭青 / 楞头青 (lèngtóuqīng)
* 步青雲 / 步青云
* 殺青 / 杀青 (shāqīng)
* 毛蒂青皮
* 水碧山青
* 水秀山青
* 水綠山青 / 水绿山青
* 汗青 (hànqīng)
* 海東青 / 海东青 (hǎidōngqīng)
* 海青 (hǎiqīng)
* 清堂瓦舍
* 淡青
* 瀝青 / 沥青 (lìqīng)
* 瀝青炭 / 沥青炭
* 瀝青石 / 沥青石
* 爐火純青 / 炉火纯青 (lúhuǒchúnqīng)
* 獨垂青盼 / 独垂青盼
* 玄青 (xuánqīng)
* 發青 / 发青 (fāqīng)
* 白璧青蠅 / 白璧青蝇
* 白青 (Báiqīng)
* 白飯青芻 / 白饭青刍
* 白髮青衫 / 白发青衫
* 直上青雲 / 直上青云
* 看青
* 知青 (zhīqīng)
* 石青
* 碧海青天
* 萬古長青 / 万古长青 (wàngǔchángqīng)
* 萬年青 / 万年青 (wànniánqīng)
* 空青
* 竹葉青 / 竹叶青 (zhúyèqīng)
* 篾青 (mièqīng)
* 糞青 / 粪青 (fènqīng)
* 紅粉青樓 / 红粉青楼
* 紅粉青蛾 / 红粉青蛾
* 紅青 / 红青
* 紆青拖紫 / 纡青拖紫
* 紺青 / 绀青
* 絳青 / 绛青
* 綠水青山 / 绿水青山 (lǜshuǐqīngshān)
* 縈青繚白 / 萦青缭白
* 群青 (qúnqīng)
* 芒果青
* 芥拾青紫
* 花青
* 花青素 (huāqīngsù)
* 茶青 (cháqīng)
* 菜青 (càiqīng)
* 藏青 (zàngqīng)
* 藍青 / 蓝青 (lánqīng)
* 藍青官話 / 蓝青官话 (lánqīng guānhuà)
* 蛋青
* 螺青
* 蟹青
* 衛青 / 卫青
* 豆青 (dòuqīng)
* 貪青 / 贪青
* 買青苗 / 买青苗
* 踏青 (tàqīng)
* 軟青皮 / 软青皮
* 郁郁青青
* 銀青 / 银青
* 鋁青銅 / 铝青铜
* 鐵青 / 铁青 (tiěqīng)
* 長青 / 长青 (chángqīng)
* 長青學苑 / 长青学苑
* 長青樹 / 长青树
* 雕青
* 雨過天青 / 雨过天青
* 青BB
* 青丘 (Qīngqiū)
* 青丹
* 青光眼 (qīngguāngyǎn)
* 青冢
* 青冥
* 青出於藍 / 青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán)
* 青北 (Qīngběi)
* 青史 (qīngshǐ)
* 青史傳名 / 青史传名 (qīngshǐchuánmíng)
* 青史名留
* 青史流芳
* 青史留名
* 青城山 (Qīngchéng Shān)
* 青壯 / 青壮
* 青壯年 / 青壮年 (qīngzhuàngnián)
* 青天 (qīngtiān)
* 青天白日 (qīngtiānbáirì)
* 青天霹靂 / 青天霹雳
* 青女
* 青奴
* 青娥 (qīng'é)
* 青字底 (qīngzìdǐ)
* 青宮 / 青宫
* 青少年 (qīngshàonián)
* 青少棒
* 青尾
* 青山 (qīngshān)
* 青山一髮 / 青山一发
* 青山綠水 / 青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ)
* 青峰 (Qīngfēng)
* 青島 / 青岛 (Qīngdǎo)
* 青島市 / 青岛市
* 青州 (Qīngzhōu)
* 青州從事 / 青州从事
* 青帘
* 青幫 / 青帮 (Qīngbāng)
* 青年 (qīngnián)
* 青年商店
* 青年問題 / 青年问题
* 青年守則 / 青年守则
* 青年會 / 青年会
* 青年有為 / 青年有为
* 青年期 (qīngniánqī)
* 青年節 / 青年节 (Qīngniánjié)
* 青廬 / 青庐
* 青弋江
* 青旌
* 青春 (qīngchūn)
* 青春年少 (qīngchūnniánshào)
* 青春期 (qīngchūnqī)
* 青春永駐 / 青春永驻
* 青春活力 (qīngchūn huólì)
* 青春痘 (qīngchūndòu)
* 青果 (qīngguǒ)
* 青梅 (qīngméi)
* 青梅竹馬 / 青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ)
* 青梗菜 (qīnggěngcài)
* 青棒
* 青椒 (qīngjiāo)
* 青楓 / 青枫
* 青楊 / 青杨
* 青樓 / 青楼 (qīnglóu)
* 青氈舊物 / 青毡旧物
* 青江白菜
* 青泥
* 青油油
* 青海 (Qīnghǎi)
* 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
* 青湛湛
* 青澀 / 青涩 (qīngsè)
* 青灰 (qīnghuī)
* 青煙 / 青烟
* 青燈 / 青灯
* 青燈黃卷 / 青灯黄卷 (qīngdēnghuángjuàn)
* 青牛
* 青牛紫氣 / 青牛紫气
* 青玉
* 青瓦臺 / 青瓦台 (Qīngwǎtái)
* 青瓷 (qīngcí)
* 青田石
* 青發 / 青发 (qīngfā)
* 青白
* 青白晦氣 / 青白晦气
* 青白眼
* 青皮 (qīngpí)
* 青目
* 青盲 (qīngmáng)
* 青眼 (qīngyǎn)
* 青睞 / 青睐 (qīnglài)
* 青稞 (qīngkē)
* 青空 (qīngkōng)
* 青竹絲 / 青竹丝
* 青筋 (qīngjīn)
* 青筋暴露
* 青簡 / 青简
* 青紅燈 / 青红灯
* 青紅皂白 / 青红皂白 (qīnghóngzàobái)
* 青紗帳 / 青纱帐
* 青紗障 / 青纱障
* 青紫 (qīngzǐ)
* 青絲 / 青丝 (qīngsī)
* 青綠 / 青绿 (qīnglǜ)
* 青綠山水 / 青绿山水 (qīnglǜ shānshuǐ)
* 青羊觀 / 青羊观
* 青翠 (qīngcuì)
* 青肥 (qīngféi)
* 青腫 / 青肿
* 青臉獠牙 / 青脸獠牙
* 青色 (qīngsè)
* 青花 (qīnghuā)
* 青花瓷 (qīnghuācí)
* 青苗 (qīngmiáo)
* 青苔 (qīngtái)
* 青苗法
* 青草 (qīngcǎo)
* 青草湖
* 青萍
* 青菱 (Qīnglíng)
* 青菜 (qīngcài)
* 青蒜 (qīngsuàn)
* 青蒿 (qīnghāo)
* 青蔥 / 青葱 (qīngcōng)
* 青蓮 / 青莲 (qīnglián)
* 青蓮居士 / 青莲居士
* 青蓮色 / 青莲色
* 青蕪 / 青芜
* 青藜 (qīnglí)
* 青蘋 / 青𬞟
* 青蘚 / 青藓 (qīngxiǎn)
* 青虛虛 / 青虚虚
* 青蚨 (qīngfú)
* 青蛇 (qīngshé)
* 青蛉
* 青蚵
* 青蛙 (qīngwā)
* 青蛙肢
* 青蜂
* 青蝦 / 青虾
* 青螺
* 青蟲 / 青虫 (qīngchóng)
* 青蠅 / 青蝇
* 青蠅弔客 / 青蝇吊客
* 青蠅染白 / 青蝇染白
* 青蠅點素 / 青蝇点素
* 青衣 (qīngyī)
* 青衫 (qīngshān)
* 青衫子
* 青衫淚 / 青衫泪
* 青衫記 / 青衫记
* 青衿 (qīngjīn)
* 青袍 (qīngpáo)
* 青覽 / 青览 (qīnglǎn)
* 青詞 / 青词
* 青豆 (qīngdòu)
* 青貯 / 青贮
* 青貯塔 / 青贮塔
* 青過於藍 / 青过于蓝
* 青銅 / 青铜 (qīngtóng)
* 青銅器 / 青铜器 (qīngtóngqì)
* 青銅器時代 / 青铜器时代 (Qīngtóngqì Shídài)
* 青錢 / 青钱
* 青錢萬選 / 青钱万选
* 青鎖 / 青锁 (qīngsuǒ)
* 青鑒 / 青鉴
* 青門 / 青门
* 青陽 / 青阳 (Qīngyáng)
* 青雀
* 青雲 / 青云 (qīngyún)
* 青雲之器 / 青云之器
* 青雲之士 / 青云之士
* 青雲志 / 青云志
* 青雲直上 / 青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
* 青霄
* 青青
* 青靚白靜 / 青靓白静
* 青面獠牙 (qīngmiànliáoyá)
* 青鞋布襪 / 青鞋布袜
* 青飼料 / 青饲料
* 青鬱 / 青郁
* 青魆魆
* 青魚 / 青鱼 (qīngyú)
* 青鮫 / 青鲛 (qīngjiāo)
* 青鳥 / 青鸟
* 青鴉鴉 / 青鸦鸦
* 青鶴 / 青鹤
* 青鷺 / 青鹭
* 青鸞 / 青鸾 (qīngluán)
* 青鹽 / 青盐
* 青黃 / 青黄
* 青黃不接 / 青黄不接 (qīnghuángbùjiē)
* 青黃皂白 / 青黄皂白
* 青黴 / 青霉 (qīngméi)
* 青黴素 / 青霉素 (qīngméisù)
* 青鼬 (qīngyòu)
* 青龍 / 青龙 (qīnglóng)
* 青龍庵 / 青龙庵 (Qīnglóng'ān)
* 青龍頭上 / 青龙头上
* 靛青 (diànqīng)
* 面皮鐵青 / 面皮铁青
* 面青
* 面青口脣白 / 面青口唇白
* 鬼捏青
* 鬼臉青 / 鬼脸青
* 鴉青 / 鸦青
* 鴉青鈔 / 鸦青钞
* 鴨蛋青 / 鸭蛋青
* 黃卷青燈 / 黄卷青灯
* 鼻青臉腫 / 鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 青(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 청(靑) (cheong)
* → Vietnamese: thanh (青)
Others:
* → Tocharian A: tseṃ (“blue”)
* → Tocharian B: tseṃ m (“blue”), tseñña f
* → Vietnamese: xanh (“green”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīng (jing$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

青
* Alternative form of 菁 (jīng)
    Used in 青青 (qīngqīng).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

青
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鮮 / 鲜 (chhiⁿ)
** fresh
    From: 2014, 浩角翔起 (lyricist 浩子), 媽媽的菜
    góa beh siōng chhiⁿ ê hiān-lâu-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I want the freshest catch
    From: 2017, 蔡佳麟 (lyricist 郭之儀), 人情味
    Chia̍h phiàn liáu san-tin-hái-bī, Pó-tó siōng chhiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    After eating all kinds of delicacies, Formosa's are the freshest
** (of clothes) bright; pretty; neat
    From: 1991, 羅時豐 and 李芳雯 (lyricist 李子恆), 西北雨請你慢且落
    iûⁿ-chong chhiⁿ-chhiⁿ, hoaⁿ-hí beh lâi-khì iok-hōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    With a pretty suit, happy to go to a date

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
* “青”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “青”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 青 |
| Kyūjitai | 靑 |

### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* blue, cyan, azure
* (obsolete, poetic) green
* immature, unripe, young
* publication, record
* east

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
* Sō-on: しい (shii)
* Kun: あお (ao, 青, Jōyō)、あおい (aoi, 青い, Jōyō)、さお (sao, 青)
* Nanori: お (o)、きよ (kiyo)、はる (haru)

#### Compounds

* 青(せい)青(せい) (seisei)
* 青(せい)果(か) (seika, “produce, fruits and vegetables”)
* 青(せい)化(か)法(ほう) (seikahō)
* 青(せい)雲(うん) (seiun)
* 青(せい)眼(がん) (seigan)
* 青(せい)酸(さん) (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
* 青(せい)山(ざん) (seizan)
* 青(せい)史(し) (seishi)
* 青(せい)磁(じ) (seiji)
* 青(せい)春(しゅん) (seishun)
* 青(せい)松(しょう) (seishō)
* 青(せい)天(てん) (seiten)
* 青(せい)銅(どう) (seidō)
* 青(せい)年(ねん) (seinen)
* 青(せい)嵐(らん) (seiran)
* 青(せい)竜(りゅう) (seiryū)
* 青(せい)竜(りょう) (seiryō)
* 青(しょう)竜(りゅう) (shōryū)
* 汗(かん)青(せい) (kansei)
* 殺(さっ)青(せい) (sassei)
* 丹(たん)青(せい) (tansei)
* 瀝(れき)青(せい) (rekisei, “bitumen”)
* 群(ぐん)青(じょう) (gunjō, “ultramarine”)
* 紺(こん)青(じょう) (konjō)
* 緑(ろく)青(しょう) (rokushō)
* 刺青(いれずみ) (irezumi, “tattoo, tattooing”)
* 万年青(オモト) (omoto)
* 青(チン)菜(ツァイ) (chintsai)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 青
* あお Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 靑 (kyūjitai)
/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲(いね) (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix -ㅅ- (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あお [áꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠o̞]
* Audio:(file)
* (Kyoto) あお [àó] (Teiki – [0])
* (Kyoto) あお​ぉ [àô] (Teiki)

#### Noun

青(あお) • (ao)
* blue
** one of three primary colors
** a shade of blue to blue green
* (dated) green
    青(あお)林(りん)檎(ご) ― ao ringo ― green apple
* Short for 青信号 (aoshingō): green light (traffic light color, as the color of plants)
    Antonym: 赤 (aka)
* the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse
    Synonym: 青毛 (aoge)
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 39:
    Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.
* (card games) Short for 青短 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
* (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
* Short for 青本 (aohon, “a blue-green covered book containing summaries of plays, histories, and legends”).
* Short for 青銭 (aosen, “a 4 mon coin in circulation from 1768”).

##### Derived terms

* 青(あお)い (aoi): blue (adjective)
* 青(あお)青(あお) (aoao)
* 青(あお)嵐(あらし) (ao-arashi)
* 藍(あい) (ai, “indigo”)
* 青(あお)海原(うなばら) (ao-unabara)
* 青(あお)馬(うま) (aouma)
* 青(あお)黴(かび) (aokabi)
* 青雀(アオガラ) (aogara)
* 青(あお)桐(ぎり) (aogiri)
* 青(あお)草(くさ) (aokusa)
* 青(あお)雲(くも) (aokumo), 青(あお)雲(ぐも) (aogumo)
* 青(あお)写(じゃ)真(しん) (ao-jashin)
* 青(あお)信(しん)号(ごう) (ao-shingō, “green light”)
* 青(あお)筋(すじ) (aosuji)
* 青(あお)空(ぞら) (aozora)
* 青(あお)田(た) (aota)
* 青(あお)竹(たけ) (aotake), 青(あお)竹(だけ) (aodake)
* 青(あお)短(たん), 青(あお)丹(たん) (aotan)
* 青(あお)菜(な) (aona)
* 青(あお)嶺(ね) (aone)
* 青(あお)虫(むし) (aomushi)
* 青(あお)物(もの) (aomono)
* 青(あお)柳(やぎ) (aoyagi)
* 青(あお)山(やま) (aoyama)
* 真(ま)青(さお) (masao), 真(ま)っ青(さお) (massao)
* 青(あお)は藍(あい)より出(い)でて藍(あい)より青(あお)し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)

##### See also

Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text) :
| 白(しろ) (shiro) | 灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro), 鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated) | 黒(くろ) (kuro) |
| 赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro), 紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro), 茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro) | 橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro), オレンジ (orenji); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo), 褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku) | 黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro) |
| 黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori) | 緑(みどり) (midori), 青(あお) (ao) (dated) | 若(わか)緑(みどり) (wakamidori) |
| 水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro), シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の(の)羽(はね)色(いろ) (kamo no hane iro) | 空(そら)色(いろ) (sorairo), 縹(はなだ) (hanada); 青(あお) (ao) | 紺(こん)藍(あい) (kon'ai); 紺(こん) (kon) |
| 菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) | 赤(あか)紫(むらさき) (akamurasaki), マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki) | 桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro), ピンク (pinku) |

#### Prefix

青(あお) • (ao-)
* unripe, young

##### Derived terms

* 青(あお)臭(くさ)い (aokusai, “inexperienced”)
* 青(あお)侍(さぶらい) (aosaburai), 青(あお)侍(ざむらい) (aozamurai)
* 青(あお)大(だい)将(しょう) (ao-daishō)
* 青(あお)二(に)才(さい) (ao-nisai, “greenhorn”)
* 青(あお)女(にょう)房(ぼう) (ao-nyōbō)

#### Proper noun

青(あお) • (Ao)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 青
* せい Grade: 1
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 靑 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 青 (MC tsheng).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [se̞ː]

#### Noun

青(せい) • (sei)
* the color blue

#### Proper noun

青(せい) • (Sei)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 青
* しい Grade: 1
* sōon
* Alternative spellings
* 靑 (kyūjitai) 𤯝 眚
Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Old Japanese or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音(そうおん) (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕiː]

#### Noun

青(しい) • (shii)
* (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
* (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino

### References

* ↑ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “あお［あを］ 【青】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))
* Alternative form of 靑 (“blue; green”)

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

青: Hán Việt readings: thanh
青: Nôm readings: thanh, thênh, xanh
* green
* blue

#### Compounds

* 天青 (thiên thanh)
* 踏青 (đạp thanh)
* 青天白日 (thanh thiên bạch nhật)
* 青少年 (thanh thiếu niên)
* 青年 (thanh niên)
* 青春 (thanh xuân)
* 青梅竹馬 (thanh mai trúc mã)
* 青海 (Thanh Hải)
* 青龍 (thanh long)

### References

* Nom Foundation