# 競

| 競 | U+7AF6, &#31478; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF6 |
| ← 竵 [U+7AF5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竷 → [U+7AF7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

競 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜山卜廿山 (YUYTU), four-corner 0021$_6$, composition ⿰竞竞)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 873, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25831
* Dae Jaweon: page 1304, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2717, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7AF6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 競 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 誩 | *ɡaŋʔ, *ɡraŋs, *l̥ʰuːms |
| 競 | *ɡraŋs |
According to Shuowen, an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 誩 (“argument”) + 儿 (“man”) + 儿 (“man”) – two individuals debating vigorously. Also possibly a Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraŋs): phonetic 誩 (OC *ɡaŋʔ, *ɡraŋs, *l̥ʰuːms) + semantic 儿 (“man”) + semantic 儿 (“man”). Compare 友.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìng (jing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
* Eastern Min (BUC): gêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kēng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$
*** Yale: jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
*** Yale: gihng / ging
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ²²/, /kɪŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gêng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kēng
*** Tâi-lô: kīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /keŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: gjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 競 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠敬切 |
| Baxter | gjaengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /giajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kraŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 競 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-kraŋʔ-s/ (~ C-kraŋʔ-s) |
| English | strive; compete |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 競 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6893 |
| Phonetic component | 誩 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 競 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraŋs/ |

### Definitions

競
* to contend; to vie; to compete
* (literary) competitively; eagerly; trying to outdo one another
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 倞 (“strong”)

### Compounds

* 不競 / 不竞
* 僥競 / 侥竞
* 千巖競秀 / 千岩竞秀
* 南風不競 / 南风不竞
* 囂競 / 嚣竞
* 執競 / 执竞
* 奔競 / 奔竞
* 心競 / 心竞
* 惡性競爭 / 恶性竞争
* 打競 / 打竞
* 技能競賽 / 技能竞赛
* 棠棣競秀 / 棠棣竞秀
* 棄武競文 / 弃武竞文
* 爭名競利 / 争名竞利
* 爭競 / 争竞
* 爭長競短 / 争长竞短
* 物競 / 物竞 (wùjìng)
* 物競天擇 / 物竞天择
* 生存競爭 / 生存竞争
* 端陽競渡 / 端阳竞渡
* 競今疏古 / 竞今疏古
* 競利 / 竞利
* 競合現象 / 竞合现象
* 競技 / 竞技 (jìngjì)
* 競技場 / 竞技场 (jìngjìchǎng)
* 競標 / 竞标 (jìngbiāo)
* 競渡 / 竞渡 (jìngdù)
* 競爭 / 竞争 (jìngzhēng)
* 競爭力 / 竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì)
* 競爽 / 竞爽
* 競獄 / 竞狱
* 競理 / 竞理
* 競病 / 竞病
* 競相效尤 / 竞相效尤
* 競短爭長 / 竞短争长
* 競賽 / 竞赛 (jìngsài)
* 競走 / 竞走 (jìngzǒu)
* 競逐 / 竞逐 (jìngzhú)
* 競速溜冰 / 竞速溜冰
* 競進 / 竞进
* 競選 / 竞选 (jìngxuǎn)
* 競銷 / 竞销 (jìngxiāo)
* 自由競爭 / 自由竞争 (zìyóu jìngzhēng)
* 良性競爭 / 良性竞争
* 趨競 / 趋竞
* 躁競 / 躁竞

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* competition
* to compete

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kun: きおう (kiou, 競う)、きおい (kioi, 競)、きおい (kioi, 競い)、きそう (kisou, 競う, Jōyō)、きそい (kisoi, 競)、きそい (kisoi, 競い)、くらべる (kuraberu, 競べる)、くらべ (kurabe, 競)、くらべ (kurabe, 競べ)、くら (kura, 競)、せる (seru, 競る, Jōyō)、せり (seri, 競)、せり (seri, 競り)

## Korean
### Hanja

競 (eumhun 다툴 경 (datul gyeong))
* hanja form of 경 (“competition”)

#### Compounds

* 경기 (競技, gyeonggi, “a match”)
* 경쟁 (競爭, gyeongjaeng, “competition”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

競: Hán Nôm readings: cạnh, ganh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.