# 五常
## Chinese

* 五常

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǔcháng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ng$^5$ soeng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-siông / gó͘-siông / ngó͘-siâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔcháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔcháng
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$-chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: wǔ-cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuucharng
*** Palladius: учан (učan)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$五常 武場 / 武场
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ng$^5$ soeng$^4$
*** Yale: ńgh sèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ng$^5$ soeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ng$^5$ sêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-siông
*** Tâi-lô: ngóo-siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngofsioong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gó͘-siông
*** Tâi-lô: góo-siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gofsioong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-siâng
*** Tâi-lô: ngóo-siâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngofsiaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

### Noun

五常
* (Confucianism) the five cardinal Confucian virtues (justice, politeness, wisdom, fidelity and benevolence)
    From: The Investiture of the Gods, circa 16th century CE
    Chén xī jū xiàng wèi, wèi bào guó'ēn; jìn wén bìxià huāngyín jiǔsè, dàodé quán wú, tīng chán zhú zhèng, wěnluàn jìgāng, diāndǎo wǔcháng, wūmiè yílún, jūndào yǒu kuī, huòluàn yǐ fú. [Pinyin]
    Though I served as prime minister, I'm ashamed that I failed in my duties. I have recently heard that Your Majesty is indulging in debauchery and licentiousness, abandoning all moral principles. You heed slander while dismissing the virtuous, disrupt the nation's regulations, overturn the fundamental principles of human relations, defile the sacred ethics, and compromise the virtue required of a ruler. The seeds of calamity have already been sown.
    From: March 18, 1919, Lin Shu, A Public Letter to Mr. Cai Heqing, Principal of Peking University
    Dàxué wéi quánguó shībiǎo, wǔcháng zhī suǒ jìshǔ. Jìn zhě wàijiān yáozhuó fēn jí, wǒ gōng bì yǒusuǒ wén, jí dì yì bùwú yíxìn. [Pinyin]
    The university serves as the model for education and the cornerstone of the five constant virtues within the nation. While recently, rumours have come thick and fast, Your Excellency must also have heard a few of them; even I cannot help but harbour some doubts.

#### Derived terms

* 三綱五常 / 三纲五常 (sāngāngwǔcháng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 五常(ごじょう) (gojō)
* → Korean: 오상(五常) (osang)
* → Vietnamese: ngũ thường (五常)

### Proper noun

五常
* (～市) Wuchang (a county-level city in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)
* (～鎮) Wuchang (a town in Wuchang City, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)
* (～街道) Wuchang (a subdistrict of Yuhang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)
* P5, the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 常 |
| ご Grade: 1 | じょう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ごじょー [gòjóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ごじょー [góꜜjòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡo̞ʑo̞ː]

### Noun

五(ご)常(じょう) • (gojō)
* (Confucianism) the five cardinal Confucian virtues: (justice, politeness, wisdom, fidelity and benevolence)

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “五常”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 五 | 常 |

### Noun

五常 • (osang) (hangeul 오상)
* hanja form of 오상 (“five cardinal Confucian virtues”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 五 | 常 |

### Noun

五常
* chữ Hán form of ngũ thường (“five cardinal Confucian virtues”).