# verbena
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin verbēna (“leaves or twigs of olive, myrtle, laurel, or other sacred plants employed in religious ceremonies”), from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-. Doublet of vervain, via French.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /vɝˈbinə/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /vɜːˈbiːnə/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
* Rhymes: -iːnə

### Noun

verbena (countable and uncountable, plural verbenas)
* Verbena, a genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers; vervain.
** 1918, Katherine Mansfield, Prelude (Selected Stories, Oxford World's Classics paperback 2002, 116)
    Linda pulled a piece of verbena and crumpled it, and held her hands to her mother. -
** 1988, Elizabeth Spencer, “The Legacy”, in On the Gulf (Author and Artist Series), Jackson, Miss., London: University Press of Mississippi, published 1991, →ISBN, page 49:Hidden behind a large stone urn full of verbena, Dottie watched as her enemy greeted Johnny at the door.

#### Derived terms

* false verbena
* lemon verbena
* Mojave sand-verbena
* roadside verbena
* sand verbena
* sweet verbena
* verbenalin
* verbenalol

#### Translations
### See also

* verbena on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* verbena on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:verbena on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

## Catalan
### Noun

verbena f (plural verbenes)
* Alternative form of berbena

### Further reading

* “verbena” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin verbēna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋerbenɑ/, [ˈʋe̞rbe̞nɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -erbenɑ
* Hyphenation: ver‧be‧na

### Noun

verbena
* verbena, beebrush (plant of genus Verbena)
* (in the plural) the genus Verbena

#### Declension

Possessive forms of verbena (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
verbenani
verbenani
accusative
nom.
verbenani
verbenani
gen.
verbenani
genitive
verbenani
verbenoideni verbenoitteni verbenaini $^{rare}$
partitive
verbenaani
verbenoitani
inessive
verbenassani
verbenoissani
elative
verbenastani
verbenoistani
illative
verbenaani
verbenoihini
adessive
verbenallani
verbenoillani
ablative
verbenaltani
verbenoiltani
allative
verbenalleni
verbenoilleni
essive
verbenanani
verbenoinani
translative
verbenakseni
verbenoikseni
abessive
verbenattani
verbenoittani
instructive
comitative
—verbenoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
verbenasi
verbenasi
accusative
nom.
verbenasi
verbenasi
gen.
verbenasi
genitive
verbenasi
verbenoidesi verbenoittesi verbenaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
verbenaasi
verbenoitasi
inessive
verbenassasi
verbenoissasi
elative
verbenastasi
verbenoistasi
illative
verbenaasi
verbenoihisi
adessive
verbenallasi
verbenoillasi
ablative
verbenaltasi
verbenoiltasi
allative
verbenallesi
verbenoillesi
essive
verbenanasi
verbenoinasi
translative
verbenaksesi
verbenoiksesi
abessive
verbenattasi
verbenoittasi
instructive
comitative
—verbenoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
verbenamme
verbenamme
accusative
nom.
verbenamme
verbenamme
gen.
verbenamme
genitive
verbenamme
verbenoidemme verbenoittemme verbenaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
verbenaamme
verbenoitamme
inessive
verbenassamme
verbenoissamme
elative
verbenastamme
verbenoistamme
illative
verbenaamme
verbenoihimme
adessive
verbenallamme
verbenoillamme
ablative
verbenaltamme
verbenoiltamme
allative
verbenallemme
verbenoillemme
essive
verbenanamme
verbenoinamme
translative
verbenaksemme
verbenoiksemme
abessive
verbenattamme
verbenoittamme
instructive
comitative
—verbenoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
verbenanne
verbenanne
accusative
nom.
verbenanne
verbenanne
gen.
verbenanne
genitive
verbenanne
verbenoidenne verbenoittenne verbenainne $^{rare}$
partitive
verbenaanne
verbenoitanne
inessive
verbenassanne
verbenoissanne
elative
verbenastanne
verbenoistanne
illative
verbenaanne
verbenoihinne
adessive
verbenallanne
verbenoillanne
ablative
verbenaltanne
verbenoiltanne
allative
verbenallenne
verbenoillenne
essive
verbenananne
verbenoinanne
translative
verbenaksenne
verbenoiksenne
abessive
verbenattanne
verbenoittanne
instructive
comitative
—verbenoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
verbenansa
verbenansa
accusative
nom.
verbenansa
verbenansa
gen.
verbenansa
genitive
verbenansa
verbenoidensa verbenoittensa verbenainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
verbenaansa
verbenoitaan verbenoitansa
inessive
verbenassaan verbenassansa
verbenoissaan verbenoissansa
elative
verbenastaan verbenastansa
verbenoistaan verbenoistansa
illative
verbenaansa
verbenoihinsa
adessive
verbenallaan verbenallansa
verbenoillaan verbenoillansa
ablative
verbenaltaan verbenaltansa
verbenoiltaan verbenoiltansa
allative
verbenalleen verbenallensa
verbenoilleen verbenoillensa
essive
verbenanaan verbenanansa
verbenoinaan verbenoinansa
translative
verbenakseen verbenaksensa
verbenoikseen verbenoiksensa
abessive
verbenattaan verbenattansa
verbenoittaan verbenoittansa
instructive
comitative
—verbenoineen verbenoinensa :

#### Synonyms

* (plant and genus): rautayrtti

#### Derived terms

* sitruunaverbena

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin verbēna. Compare the doublet vermena.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /verˈbɛ.na/
* Rhymes: -ɛna
* Hyphenation: ver‧bè‧na

### Noun

verbena f (plural verbene)
* verbena, vervain

#### Derived terms

* Verbenacee

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *werβeznā, from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-, whence also Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”). This root is seemingly connected to *werb- (“to turn, bend”); further compare Middle Dutch warp, Middle Low German warp, German Warf, Danish varp, Swedish varp. Equivalent to verber +‎ -na.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /u̯erˈbeː.na/, [u̯ɛrˈbeːnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /verˈbe.na/, [verˈbɛːnä]

### Noun

verbēna f (genitive verbēnae); first declension
* foliage, especially that of olive, myrtle etc having religious and medicinal uses

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: yirghinã
* Asturian: verbena
* Catalan: berbena
* → English: verbena, vervain
* French: verveine
* Friulian: vermene
* Italian: verbena, vermena
* Occitan: verbena
* Portuguese: verbena
* Romanian: verbină, vervenă
* Sicilian: virvina, berbina
* Spanish: verbena

### References

* “verbena”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “verbena”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* verbena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “verbena”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “verbena”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin verbēna.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /veʁˈbẽ.nɐ/ [veɦˈbẽ.nɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /veʁˈbẽ.nɐ/ [veɦˈbẽ.nɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /veɾˈbẽ.nɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /veʁˈbẽ.nɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /veɻˈbe.na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /vɨɾˈbe.nɐ/ [vɨɾˈβe.nɐ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /vɨɾˈbe.nɐ/ [vɨɾˈβe.nɐ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /bɨɾˈbe.nɐ/ [bɨɾˈβe.nɐ]
* Rhymes: -ẽnɐ, -enɐ
* Hyphenation: ver‧be‧na

### Noun

verbena f (plural verbenas)
* (botany) common name, extended to plants of the genus Verbena, of the Verbenaceae family, mostly from the Americas, which includes species cultivated as ornamentals
* (botany) Verbena officinalis
** herbal tea prepared with this plant
* party with night festival; kermesse

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish berbena, from Latin verbēna (see also Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”)). Cognate with Middle Dutch warp, Middle Low German warp, German Warf, Danish varp, Swedish varp.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beɾˈbena/ [beɾˈβ̞e.na]
* Rhymes: -ena
* Syllabification: ver‧be‧na

### Noun

verbena f (plural verbenas)
* verbena (Verbena, a genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers; vervain)
* a night-time fair or party

#### Derived terms

* verbena de Indias
* verbenero

### Further reading

* “verbena”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10