OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# natural wastage
## English
### Noun

natural wastage (uncountable)
* (British, business) Decrease of workforce caused by non-replacement of retiring or voluntarily resigning employees and not by deliberate layoffs.
** 1962 October, “Talking of Trains: B.R. works staff cut by a third”, in Modern Railways, page 221:Of the total labour force now threatened with redundancy, of course, a proportion will be covered by natural wastage, so that the number eventually thrown out of railway work will be well below 19,000.
** 2023 March 22, Mike Esbester, “Staff, the public and industry will suffer”, in RAIL, number 979, page 39:From just over 476,500 employees in 1962, by 1973 the total was just over 250,000. Much of this was achieved via 'natural wastage' - controlling recruitment closely and not replacing staff as they retired.

#### Synonyms

* attrition

#### Antonyms

* redundancy
# Gwen
## English
### Etymology

A female given name from Welsh, shortened from Gwendolen or Guinevere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡwɛn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
    Rhymes: -ɛn

### Proper noun

Gwen
* A female given name.
    Gwen Stefani's Hollaback Girl was a hit in 2004.
** 2021 October 8, Helen Rosner, “The Long American History of “Missing White Woman Syndrome””, in The New Yorker‎, →ISSN:The Petito case, which is still unfolding (her fiancé, with whom she’d been travelling, is believed to be in hiding) seemed like another instance of what the late journalist Gwen Ifill famously described as “missing white woman syndrome”: a hunger for stories about victims who look like Petito, to the exclusion of all others.

### Anagrams

* gnew

## Breton
### Proper noun

Gwen
* Alternative form of Gwenn

#### Inflection
## Cornish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Gwen f
* a female given name

### Mutation
## Welsh
### Etymology

From *windā 'white', feminine form of Proto-Celtic *windos. Cf. Welsh gwyn.

### Proper noun

Gwen f
* a female given name, masculine equivalent Gwyn

### References

* Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
# じゅうく
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of じゅうく – see the following entry. :
| 【十九じゅうきゅう】 | [numeral] nineteen; 19 |
(This term, じゅうく (jūku), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# decoupling
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: [diːˈkʌpəlɪŋ], [diːˈkʊpəlɪŋɡ]

### Verb

decoupling
* present participle and gerund of decouple

### Noun

decoupling (plural decouplings)
* The act or process by which something is decoupled, as:
** The unhitching of railcars.
** (economics) The disentangling of economic interdependencies.
    Coordinate term: derisking
* (cosmology) The emission of photons during Recombination.
** 2023 July 13, Wikipedia contributors, “Chronology of the universe”, in English Wikipedia‎, Wikimedia Foundation:Directly combining in a low energy state (ground state) is less efficient, so these hydrogen atoms generally form with the electrons still in a high-energy state, and once combined, the electrons quickly release energy in the form of one or more photons as they transition to a low energy state. This release of photons is known as photon decoupling.
# staroangielski
## Polish
### Etymology

From stary +‎ -o- +‎ angielski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sta.rɔ.aŋˈɡjɛl.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛlski
* Syllabification: sta‧ro‧an‧giel‧ski

### Adjective

staroangielski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) Old English (related to the Anglo-Saxon peoples or language)
    Synonym: anglosaski

#### Declension
### Noun

staroangielski m inan
* Old English (language)
    Synonym: anglosaski

### Further reading

* staroangielski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# mouse-goat
## English
### Etymology

Translating Myotragus (genus name).

### Noun

mouse-goat (plural mouse-goats)
* An extinct genus of goat-antelope (†Myotragus), which lived on the Balearic Islands in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.
** 2011, Dennis McCarthy, Here Be Dragons:Other island examples include pygmy hippos, pygmy deer, pygmy foxes, and the peculiar “mouse-goat”—an extinct species of dwarf sheep that had lived on the Balearic Islands of Spain.
** 2014, Paul D. Taylor, Aaron O'Dea, A History of Life in 100 Fossils, page 201:Bones of this animal – the so called ‘mouse-goat’, Myotragus balearicus – were first discovered by the pioneering fossil hunter Dorothea Bate (1878–1951).
** 2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 249:It was once thought that the first humans in the Balearics had domesticated the mouse-goat, as what appeared to be pens filled with dung were found in some caves.
# lý tính
## Vietnamese
### Noun

lý tính
* Alternative spelling of lí tính.
** Karl Marx (1981) [1843] “M. an R. Kreuznach, im September 1843”, in Briefe aus den ‚Deutsch-Französischen Jahrbüchern‘ (Marx-Engels-Werke) (in German), volume 1; English translation from Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 3, 1975; Vietnamese translation from C. Mác và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn tập, volume 1, 1995
    Lý tính bao giờ cũng tồn tại, chỉ có điều không phải bao giờ cũng tồn tại dưới hình thức hợp lý.Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.
# huýt
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Austroasiatic *huəcˀ (“to whistle”). Cognate with Koho hoac, Bahnar hôch, Khmer ហួច (huəc).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hwit̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [hwɨt̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [wɨt̚˦˥]

### Verb

huýt • (𠲣, 𬕫)
* to whistle
# 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐾄𐽰 (ʾʾβyčq̈ʾ /⁠avïčḳa⁠/), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβyncqʾ /⁠avïnčġa⁠/)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *abïčga (“old man”).

### Noun

𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβycqʾ /avïčġa/)
* old man
    Antonym: 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰 (qurtɣa)
** c. 10th century, unknown, The Tale of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Papamkara, XXXVII.1:𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐾀𐾀𐽶ʾʾβyncqʾ ʾʾrwq̈y yytty/Avïnčḳa aruḳï yétti […] /The old man's exhaustion was upon him […]

#### Declension
### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “avıçġa, avıçḳa, avınçġa”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page avıçġa, avıçḳa, avınçġa of 25-26
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “avıçğa:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 6
* Hamilton, James (2020) “avıçḳa”, in Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 169
* Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 297
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “avıčga”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 83
# rot bilong pekpek
## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From rot (“route”) +‎ bilong (“of”) +‎ pekpek (“feces”).

### Noun

rot bilong pekpek
* anus
** 2019 February, Angela Kelly-Hanku, Stephen Andrew Bell, Sophe Ase, Ruthy Neo, Andrew Vallely, Steve Badman, Claire E. Nightingale, Johanna Wapling, “Developing a culturally appropriate illustrated tool for the self-collection of anorectal specimens for the testing of sexually transmitted infections: lessons from Papua New Guinea”, in BMC Public Health‎:In the original illustration in Fig. 1, the word ‘anus’ is re-ferred to in stages 7–10 of the illustrated tool. The mostanatomically correct description for the anus in TokPisin, ‘rot bilong pekpek’ literally translates to ‘the passage belonging to faeces’.
# паучонок
## Russian
### Etymology

пау́к (paúk, “spider”) +‎ -онок (-onok, forms terms for baby animals).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəʊˈt͡ɕɵnək]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

паучо́нок • (paučónok) m anim (genitive паучо́нка, nominative plural пауча́та, genitive plural пауча́т)
* spiderling, spideret
# roztrhala
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrostr̩ɦala]

### Participle

roztrhala
* inflection of roztrhat:
** feminine singular past active participle
** neuter plural past active participle
# obstructant
## English
### Noun

obstructant (plural obstructants)
* That which obstructs; an obstruction.
# myxomycete
## English
### Etymology

From translingual Myxomycetes; by surface analysis, myx(o)- +‎ -mycete. Regarding New Latin -cetes to English -cete, compare also spirochete from Spirochaeta.

### Noun

myxomycete (plural myxomycetes)
* Any protozoan of the phylum Myxomycota; the slime molds.
# коїти
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔjite]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kojiti (“to soothe”), the exact nature of the semantic shift is unknown. Compare Old Ruthenian ко́итися (kóitisja, “to be held, to be soothed”). Alternatively, related to чини́ти (čynýty).

#### Verb

ко́їти • (kójity) impf (perfective ско́їти)
* (transitive) to commit, to do (usually something bad)

##### Derived terms

* ко́їтися impf (kójitysja)
* вко́їти pf (vkójity), вко́ювати impf (vkójuvaty)
* зако́їти pf (zakójity), вко́ювати impf (vkójuvaty)
* нако́їти pf (nakójity)
* ско́їти pf (skójity), ско́ювати impf (skójuvaty)
* уко́їти pf (ukójity), уко́ювати impf (ukójuvaty)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Polish koić, from Proto-Slavic *kojiti (“to soothe”).

#### Verb

ко́їти • (kójity) impf (perfective уко́їти)
* (transitive, obsolete) to calm, to soothe

##### Derived terms

* вко́їти pf (vkójity)
* ско́їти pf (skójity)
* уко́їти pf (ukójity)

##### Related terms

* поко́їти impf (pokójity)
* поко́їтися impf (pokójitysja)
* почи́ти pf (počýty)
* спо́кій m (spókij)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “коїти”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “коїти”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “коїти”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “коїти”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “коїти”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “коїти”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “коїти”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# 課本
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kèběn
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ ㄅㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fo$^3$ bun$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kho-pún
    (Hailu, HRS): ko$^ˇ$ bun$^ˊ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor$^4$ bue$^3$ / kor$^4$ buiⁿ$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khò-pún / khò͘-pún
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khu-pen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kèběn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ ㄅㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kèběn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^4$-pên$^3$
*** Yale: kè-běn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kehbeen
*** Palladius: кэбэнь (kɛbɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$刻本 課本 / 课本
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^3$ bun$^2$
*** Yale: fo bún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^3$ bun$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^3$ bun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː³³ puːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kho-pún
*** Hakka Romanization System: ko bun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ko$^4$ bun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰo⁵⁵ pun³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ko$^ˇ$ bun$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰo¹¹ pun²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kor$^4$ bue$^3$ [Phonetic: kor$^1$ ue$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍-bôiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$uei⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kor$^4$ buiⁿ$^3$ [Phonetic: kor$^1$ mui$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$mui³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò-pún
*** Tâi-lô: khò-pún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoirpuon
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo²¹⁻⁵³ pun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ pun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ pun⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘-pún
*** Tâi-lô: khòo-pún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qorpuon
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$khu-pen
*** MiniDict: khu$^去$ pen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$khu-pen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰu³³ pən⁴⁴/

### Noun

課本
* textbook (Classifier: 本 m)

#### Synonyms

* 教本 (jiàoběn)
* 教材 (jiàocái)
* 教科書 / 教科书 (jiàokēshū)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: khoá bản (課本)

#### See also

* 講稿／讲稿 (jiǎnggǎo)
* 講義／讲义 (jiǎngyì)
* 課件／课件 (kèjiàn)
# öka
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish ø̄ka, from Old Norse auka, from Proto-Germanic *aukaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-. Akin to English eke, Danish øge, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan), Latin augeō.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

öka (present ökar, preterite ökade, supine ökat, imperative öka)
* (transitive, intransitive) to increase
** (colloquial) to speed up, to accelerate (increase speed, of a vehicle, or more generally)
    Öka lite!Speed up a bit! / Hurry up a bit! (depending on context)

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Derived terms

* föröka
* ökning
* utöka

### Interjection

öka
* (colloquial) move faster!

### Further reading

* öka in Svensk ordbok.

### Anagrams

* köa
# aristocracy
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French aristocratie, from Medieval Latin aristocratia, from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā, “the rule of the best“, that is, “the best-born”, “nobility”), from ἄριστος (áristos, “best, noblest”) + -κρατίᾱ (-kratíā), from κράτος (krátos, “power, rule”). By surface analysis, aristo- +‎ -cracy.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌæ.ɹɪˈstɒk.ɹə.si/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑk.ɹə.si/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Hyphenation: a‧ris‧to‧cra‧cy
* Rhymes: -ɒkɹəsi

### Noun

aristocracy (countable and uncountable, plural aristocracies)
* The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.
** 1905, G.K. Chesterton, Heretics:But when Nietzsche has the incredible lack of humour and lack of imagination to ask us to believe that his aristocracy is an aristocracy of strong muscles or an aristocracy of strong wills, it is necessary to point out the truth. It is an aristocracy of weak nerves.
** 1791, Thomas Paine, Rights of Man:That, then, which is called aristocracy in some countries and nobility in others arose out of the governments founded upon conquest.
* Government by such a class, or a state with such a government.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 255:How many false principles have been laid down, how much delusion supported, by reference to the glories of Athens and of Rome! It remained for a later time to observe that those so-called republics were but aristocracy in its most oppressive form; and what are now the people were then positive slaves;...
* A class of people considered (not normally universally) superior to others.

#### Derived terms

* antiaristocracy
* aristocracy of labor
* aristocracy of labour
* black aristocracy
* bunyip aristocracy
* codfish aristocracy
* labor aristocracy
* labour aristocracy

#### Related terms

* aristocrat
* aristocratic

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Further reading

* “aristocracy”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “aristocracy”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
# mervel
## Breton
### Etymology

From Middle Breton meruel, from Proto-Brythonic *marwọd, from Proto-Celtic *marwāti, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with Cornish merwel.

### Verb

mervel
* (intransitive) to die

#### Derived terms

* marv
* marvet
* merventi
* merventez
* marvor
* marvel
* taol ar marv
* ar re varv
* mervel gant an naon

## Middle English
### Adjective

mervel
* Alternative form of merveile
# olive shell
## English
### Noun

olive shell (plural olive shells)
* Any marine mollusk from the family Olividae, commonly known as olive snails.
# क्वत्य
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ক্বত্য (Assamese script)
* ᬓ᭄ᬯᬢ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
* ক্বত্য (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰿𑰪𑰝𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑁆𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
* ကွတျ (Burmese script)
* ક્વત્ય (Gujarati script)
* ਕ੍ਵਤ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑍍𑌵𑌤𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
* ꦏ꧀ꦮꦠꦾ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂹𑂫𑂞𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
* ಕ್ವತ್ಯ (Kannada script)
* ក្វត្យ (Khmer script)
* ກ຺ວຕ຺ຍ (Lao script)
* ക്വത്യ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠣᠸᠠᢠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘿𑘪𑘝𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
* ᢉᢦᢐᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧠𑧊𑦽𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐟𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
* କ୍ଵତ୍ଯ (Odia script)
* ꢒ꣄ꢮꢡ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑇀𑆮𑆠𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖿𑖪𑖝𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
* ක්‍වත්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜 𑪙𑩾𑩫 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚶𑚦𑚙𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
* க்வத்ய (Tamil script)
* క్వత్య (Telugu script)
* กฺวตฺย (Thai script)
* ཀྭ་ཏྱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑓂𑒫𑒞𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑩇𑨭𑨙𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From क्व (kva, “where”, interrogative) +‎ -त्य (-tya).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kʋɐt.jɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /kʋɐt̪.jɐ/

### Adjective

क्वत्य • (kvatya) stem
* of, belonging to, coming from or relating to where (interrogative)
    Synonym: कुत्रत्य (kutratya)
    Coordinate terms: तत्रत्य (tatratya), यत्रत्य (yatratya), अत्रत्य (atratya), इहत्य (ihatya)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “क्वत्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 324, column 2.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “क्वत्य”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 620
* Vishvanath Shastri, Nigamanand Shastri, Lakshminarayan Shastri (2009) श्रीवरदराजप्रणीता लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी [śrīvaradarājapraṇītā laghusiddhāntakaumudī, Laghusiddhāntakaumudī of Varadarāja], Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 291
# կրծոսկր
## Armenian
### Etymology

From կրծ- (krc-, “breast”) +‎ ոսկր (oskr, “bone”).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kəɾt͡soskəɾ/, [kəɾt͡sóskəɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡəɾd͡zosɡəɾ/, [ɡəɾd͡zóskəɾ]

### Noun

կրծոսկր • (krcoskr)
* (anatomy) breastbone, sternum
# Caudata
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin caudatus (“tailed”).

### Proper noun

Caudata
* A taxonomic order within the class Amphibia – salamanders.

#### Usage notes

Authorities disagree as to the usage of the terms Caudata and Urodela. Some name the crown group Urodela, using Caudata for the total group. Others do the opposite, using Caudata for the crown group and Urodela for the total group. The former approach appears to be the one most widely adopted. See Caudata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

#### Synonyms

* Urodela

#### Hypernyms

* (order): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Amphibia – class; Lissamphibia – subclass

#### Hyponyms

* (order): Ambystomatidae, Amphiumidae, Cryptobranchidae, Hynobiidae, Plethodontidae, Proteidae, Rhyacotritonidae, Salamandridae, Sirenidae – families

### See also

* Caducibranchiata

### References

* Caudata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Caudata on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Caudata on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Caudata at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* ↑ Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# mislicnes
## Old English
### Etymology

By surface analysis, mislīċ +‎ -nes

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmis.liːk.nes/, [ˈmiz.liːk.nes]

### Noun

mislīcnes f
* diversity, variety

#### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “mis-lícness”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# rexente
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* regente (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Latin regēns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reˈʃente/ [reˈʃen̪.t̪ɪ]
* Rhymes: -ente
* Hyphenation: re‧xen‧te

### Noun

rexente m or f by sense (plural rexentes)
* regent

#### Related terms

* rexencia
* rexentar

### Further reading

* “rexente”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
# Ptolemy
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Πτολεμαῖος (Ptolemaîos).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈtɒləmi/
* (US) enPR: tälʹəm-ē, IPA: /ˈtɑləmi/

### Proper noun

Ptolemy
* A male given name from Ancient Greek of Greek origin, borne by historical persons in ancient Egypt.
** Claudius Ptolemaeus (c. 90 – c. 168 AD), a Greek-speaking mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and astrologer who lived in the Hellenistic culture of Alexandria in Roman Egypt. His most important works were the Almagest and the Geography
** Ptolemy I Soter ("Ptolemy the Savior", 367 BC—283 BC), a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who was the ruler of Egypt (323 B.C.E—283 B.C.E) and founder of the Ptolemaic Empire. In 305 BC he took the role of King.
** The Egyptian ruling dynasty of peoples who held the given name Ptolemy.

#### Derived terms

* Ptolemaic
# owroekoekoeslang
## Dutch
### Etymology

Partial calque of Sranan Tongo owrukukusneki, equivalent to owroekoekoe (“owl”) +‎ slang (“snake”).

### Noun

owroekoekoeslang m or f (plural owroekoekoeslangen)
* (Suriname) Synonym of gewone lanspuntslang (“common lancehead, Bothrops atrox)”)
# jaleco
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Turkish yelek. Compare Spanish chaleco.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒaˈlɛ.ku/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒaˈlɛ.ku/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʒaˈlɛ.ko/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒɐˈlɛ.ku/
* Hyphenation: ja‧le‧co

### Noun

jaleco m (plural jalecos)
* coat of typical white colour worn by scientists, medics, professors, teachers and other professionals

#### Derived terms

* jaleca

### Further reading

* “jaleco”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “jaleco”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# илей
## Erzya
### Alternative forms

* илёв (iľov)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

илей • (ilej)
* rod
    калень илёв ― kaleń iľov ― a willow rod
* osier

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “илей”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN