# ارس
## Brahui
### Etymology

Cognate with Gondi [script needed] (īṛs-, “to comb the hair”), Kurukh [script needed] (ircnā, “to scratch and turn over”), Sawriya Paharia [script needed] (irce, “to scratch the ground”). Bray instead suggests a connection to Tamil உரி (uri, “peel, scratch”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

اِرِس or اِرَس (iris or iras)
* comb

### References

* Bray, Denys (1934) “iris”, in The Brahui Language‎, Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 145
* Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “493”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

## Brokskat
### Verb

اَرِس (aris)
* to get, to fetch

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs /⁠ars⁠/, “tear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaɾs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäɹs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäɹs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäɹs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäɹs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæɹs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäɹs]

#### Noun

ارس • (ars)
* (archaic) tear
    Synonym: اشک (ašk)

### Etymology 2

From Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbwrs /⁠aburs⁠/), borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā, which has also been inherited as Middle Persian *abuhl, Persian وهل (vohl), ابل (abol), بل (bol), whence via Arabic ابهل (abhol, obhol). Also passed from two Turkic forms as اردج (ardej, “juniper”) and آرچه (ârča). With a suffix to first forms also in برسان (barsân, bersân, “a kind of dark-coloured odoriferous syrup”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔuɾs], [ʔa.ɾis]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔuɹs], [ʔu.ɾus]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔoɹs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔuɹs]

#### Noun

ارس • (classical urs, aris, iranian ors)
* juniper
    Synonym: سرو کوهی (sarv-e kuhi)

##### Alternative forms

* ورس (vors), برس (burs), آرس (āris), اورس (avirs)

### Etymology 3

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Raxsā- (“swift-flowing”), akin to Sanskrit रङ्घते (raṅghate, “to hasten, run”). Compare Old Armenian Երասխ (Erasx), Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs), Old Georgian რახსი (raxsi), Iranian borrowings.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.ˈɾas]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæ.ɹǽs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽs]

#### Proper noun

ارس • (aras)
* Araks, Aras

### Etymology 4

Perhaps from Byzantine Greek οἱ Ῥῶς (hoi Rhôs, “Rus”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔo.ɹós]

#### Proper noun

ارس • (oros)
* (Iran, archaic) Rus, Russia
    Synonyms: روس (rus), روسیه (rusiye)

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “ارس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “ʾbwrs”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 15
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ارس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Vullers, Johann August (1855) “ارس”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 79b