# carina
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”). Doublet of careen and carene.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəˈɹiːnə/, /kəˈɹaɪnə/
* Rhymes: -iːnə
* Rhymes: -aɪnə

### Noun

carina (plural carinas or carinae)
* A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
* (botany) Part of a papilionaceous flower consisting of two petals, commonly united, which encloses the organs of fructification.
* (zoology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.
* (anatomy) Any of several features that have a projecting central ridge

#### Derived terms

* carina apex
* carinal
* carination
* carina tracheae
* cariniform
* carinula

### Anagrams

* Ancira, Arican, Carian, Ciaran, acinar, arnica, crania, narica

## Albanian
### Noun

carina f
* definite nominative singular of carinë

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈri.na/
* Rhymes: -ina
* Hyphenation: ca‧rì‧na

### Adjective

carina
* feminine singular of carino

### References

* ↑ carina in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* aracni, aranci, arcani, arnica, carnai, inarca

## Latin
### Etymology

Cognate with Welsh ceri (“stone of a fruit”) and Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). The earliest attested meaning is "ship's keel", though whether the original meaning was "keel" or "walnut shell" is unclear.
The further origin is disputed:
* Borrowed from a European substrate, whence also the Welsh and Greek terms. Alternatively, borrowed from Greek, itself borrowed from said substrate.
* From a Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), and compared further to cancer (“crab”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kaˈriː.na/, [käˈriːnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kaˈri.na/, [käˈriːnä]

### Noun

carīna f (genitive carīnae); first declension
* keel or hull of a ship
* (figuratively) ship
* half of a walnut shell

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* Carīnae
* cornu

#### Descendants

* → English: carina
* → Greek: καρίνα (karína)
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *carēna
** Catalan: carena
** Galician: carena
** Ligurian: carena
*** → French: carène
**** → English: careen
*** → Italian: carena
** Spanish: carena
** Welsh: cerwyn
* ⇒ Translingual: Carinacea

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “carīna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93

### Further reading

* “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "carina", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* carina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “carina”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “carina”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From car +‎ -ina, because customs was originally paid to the emperor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sârina/
* Audio (Central Serbia):(file)
* Hyphenation: ca‧ri‧na

### Noun

cȁrina f (Cyrillic spelling ца̏рина)
* customs

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “carina”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkariːna]

### Noun

carina f
* (zoology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “carina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025