# 呂

| 呂 | U+5442, &#21570; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5442 |
| ← 呁 [U+5441] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 呃 → [U+5443] |
| 呂 | U+F980, &#63872; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F980 |
| ← 勵 [U+F97F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 女 → [U+F981] |

## Translingual
### Han character

呂 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口竹口 (RHR), four-corner 6060$_0$, composition ⿳口丿口)

#### Derived characters

* 侶, 𠴊, 𡋿, 㛎, 𢙲, 𤞪, 𨹬, 𨓐, 梠, 𣨕, 𥆻, 𥓅, 𥺓, 絽, 𠒦, 躳, 𡳎, 鋁, 𤀗, 𥖓
* 𠭤, 𥖕, 𤳧, 𡄀, 宮, 𡱶, 莒, 営, 筥, 營, 麿, 閭

#### Descendants

* ろ
* ロ

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3386
* Dae Jaweon: page 398, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 577, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5442
* Unihan data for U+F980

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Pictogram (象形) of two vertebrae. The character was later borrowed phonetically to mean "I; give" and modified and stylized into 予.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lǚ (lü$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nü$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): leoi$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lui$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lî
    (Hailu, HRS): li$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): lṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ly$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lū / lǐr / lǐ / lī / līr / lú / lír / lí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): le$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li; $^6$liu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǚ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: lü$^3$
*** Yale: lyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leu
*** Palladius: люй (ljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nü$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ly
*** Sinological IPA : /ny⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leoi$^5$
*** Yale: léuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loey$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵy̯¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lui²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: li$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /ly²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃y³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ly$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /ly⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ly$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ly³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lū
*** Tâi-lô: lū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lu
*** IPA (Taipei): /lu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lu²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǐr
*** Tâi-lô: lǐr
*** IPA (Lukang): /lɨ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǐ
*** Tâi-lô: lǐ
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /li³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
*** Tâi-lô: lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: li
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /li³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līr
*** Tâi-lô: līr
*** IPA (Kinmen): /lɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
*** Tâi-lô: lú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
*** Tâi-lô: lír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
*** Tâi-lô: lí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lie
*** IPA (Longyan): /li²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³/
* lū/lǐr/lī/līr - vernacular;
* lú/lír/lí - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit呂 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ly²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ly²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /luei¹³/ /ly¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ly⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ly⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ly⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ly⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /l̩ʷ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ly⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ly⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ly⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /y⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ny⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /luei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ly²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /zz̩ʷ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ly⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /luei⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ly⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ly²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /li³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /lz̩ʷ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /løy³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ly³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /li³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lei⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /nəi⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /li²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /li⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /li²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /løy²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ly²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /løy¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lu⁵³/ /lu²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ly³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ly²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /lɯ³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /li³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljoX
Rime :
| Character | 呂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力舉切 |
| Baxter | ljoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǚ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 呂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǚ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]aʔ/ |
| English | spine; pitch-pipe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 呂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8579 |
| Phonetic component | 呂 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 吕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象鑄青銅器用的鋌塊， 中不連，非膂初文 |

### Definitions

呂
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) spine
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, music) even-numbered notes in shí'èrlǜ
* Lü, a state in China that existed in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period
* a surname
    呂布／吕布 ― Lǚ Bù ― Lü Bu (Chinese military general and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty)

#### Descendants

* → English: Lu, Lü, Lui, Lv, Lyu, Loo, Luy, Lou, Lew

### Compounds

* 中呂 / 中吕
* 九鼎大呂 / 九鼎大吕
* 伊呂 / 伊吕
* 六呂 / 六吕
* 南呂 / 南吕
* 呂公枕 / 吕公枕
* 呂劇 / 吕剧 (lǚjù)
* 呂安題鳳 / 吕安题凤
* 呂宋 / 吕宋 (Lǚsòng)
* 呂寨 / 吕寨 (Lǚzhài)
* 呂梁 (Lüliang)
* 呂梁山
* 呂氏春秋 / 吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
* 呂洞賓 / 吕洞宾 (Lǚ Dòngbīn)
* 呂相 / 吕相
* 呂祖 / 吕祖 (Lǚzǔ)
* 呂蒙 / 吕蒙
* 呂蒙正 / 吕蒙正
* 呂覽 / 吕览 (Lǚlǎn)
* 大呂 / 大吕
* 小呂 / 小吕
* 律呂 / 律吕 (lǜlǚ)
* 律呂正義 / 律吕正义
* 知音諳呂 / 知音谙吕
* 音呂 / 音吕
* 黃鐘大呂 / 黄钟大吕

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* spine
* backbone

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろ (ro, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: りょ (ryo)
* Kun: せぼね (sebone, 呂)
* Nanori: おと (oto)、とも (tomo)、なが (naga)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 呂
* せぼね Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 呂 – see the following entry. :
| 【背骨せぼね】 | [noun] [from late 1100s] backbone (series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord) |
(This term, 呂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 呂
* りょ Grade: S
* kan'on

#### Proper noun

呂(りょ) • (Ryo)
* An orthographic borrowing of the Chinese surname 呂 / 吕 (lǚ), Lu

## Korean
### Hanja

呂 (eum 려 (ryeo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

呂: Hán Nôm readings: lã, lả, lỡ, lử, lữa, rả, rứa, trả, trở, lớ, lở, lữ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.