# galla
## English
### Noun

galla (plural gallas)
* Alternative form of gallu (“Mesopotamian demon”)

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

From Middle High German galle, from Old High German galla, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ. Cognate with German Galle, English gall.

### Noun

galla f (Sette Comuni)
* bile
* gall (impudence)
    Ze hat an gròoses hèertze bàdar an grössora galla.He has a big heart but a bigger gall.

### References

* “galla” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* gallština (dated)

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Galla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡala]
* Rhymes: -ala
* Hyphenation: ga‧l‧la

### Noun

galla f (indeclinable)
* (dated) Oromo (language)
    Synonym: oromština

### Further reading

* “galla”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Galla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑlːɑ/, [ˈɡɑ̝lːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑlːɑ
* Hyphenation: gal‧la

### Noun

galla (dated)
* Oromo (a language of Ethiopia)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of galla (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gallani
accusative
nom.
gallani
gen.
gallani
genitive
gallani
partitive
gallaani
inessive
gallassani
elative
gallastani
illative
gallaani
adessive
gallallani
ablative
gallaltani
allative
gallalleni
essive
gallanani
translative
gallakseni
abessive
gallattani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gallasi
accusative
nom.
gallasi
gen.
gallasi
genitive
gallasi
partitive
gallaasi
inessive
gallassasi
elative
gallastasi
illative
gallaasi
adessive
gallallasi
ablative
gallaltasi
allative
gallallesi
essive
gallanasi
translative
gallaksesi
abessive
gallattasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gallamme
accusative
nom.
gallamme
gen.
gallamme
genitive
gallamme
partitive
gallaamme
inessive
gallassamme
elative
gallastamme
illative
gallaamme
adessive
gallallamme
ablative
gallaltamme
allative
gallallemme
essive
gallanamme
translative
gallaksemme
abessive
gallattamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gallanne
accusative
nom.
gallanne
gen.
gallanne
genitive
gallanne
partitive
gallaanne
inessive
gallassanne
elative
gallastanne
illative
gallaanne
adessive
gallallanne
ablative
gallaltanne
allative
gallallenne
essive
gallananne
translative
gallaksenne
abessive
gallattanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gallansa
accusative
nom.
gallansa
gen.
gallansa
genitive
gallansa
partitive
gallaansa
inessive
gallassaan gallassansa
elative
gallastaan gallastansa
illative
gallaansa
adessive
gallallaan gallallansa
ablative
gallaltaan gallaltansa
allative
gallalleen gallallensa
essive
gallanaan gallanansa
translative
gallakseen gallaksensa
abessive
gallattaan gallattansa
instructive
comitative

#### Synonyms

* oromo

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* galha (reintegrationist)

### Etymology 1

Probably from Vulgar Latin *gallea, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡaʎa̝/

#### Noun

galla f (plural gallas)
* twig
    Synonym: guizo
* branch
    Synonym: póla
* forked branch
* prong
* (also in the plural) fork
* barb (of a hook)
* gall (tumorous growt)
    Synonyms: bugallo, carrabouxo, coco

##### Derived terms

* esgallar
* gallado
* galladura
* gallar
* galleiro
* galleta
* galleto
* gallo

#### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “galla”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “galla”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “galla”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “galla”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “gajo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

galla
* inflection of gallar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡal.la/
* Rhymes: -alla
* Hyphenation: gàl‧la

### Etymology 1

From Latin galla.

#### Noun

galla f (plural galle)
* gall
* acorn
* round pill
* pimple (caused by sunburn)
* hairgrip

#### Adjective

galla
* feminine singular of gallo

##### Related terms

* a galla

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

galla
* inflection of gallare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Latin
### Etymology

There are various hypotheses:
* Perhaps from or influenced by Germanic, if the sense is "poison-sore"; see Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (English gall (“bile”)) or *gallô (“sore, swelling, lesion”) (English gall (“sore”)).
* From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”). Cognate with Latin glaeba, glomus and Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“mass, lump, clump; clasp”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡal.la/, [ˈɡälːʲä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡal.la/, [ˈɡälːä]

### Noun

galla f (genitive gallae); first declension
* an oak apple, gall-nut
** c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.267:proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […] It is good too to blend a taste of pounded oak apples […]
* a harsh, sour kind of wine

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* gallula
* *galleus (“oaken”)

#### Descendants

* Catalan: gala, agalla
* → English: gall
* French: galle
* Italian: galla
* Portuguese: galha, galho
* → Russian: галл (gall)
* Spanish: galla, gajo

### References

* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 357

### Further reading

* “galla”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “galla”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "galla", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* galla in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “galla”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “galla”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ.

### Noun

galla f
* gall, bile

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: galle
** Dutch: gal
*** Afrikaans: gal
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: gali
*** Negerhollands: gal
*** → Papiamentu: hal, gal
** Limburgish: gal

#### References

* “galla (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin. Pott has adduced Spanish galgo (“greyhound”), which, however, is founded on canis Gallicus. See gasradh for root.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɫ̪ə/

### Noun

galla f (genitive singular galla, plural gallachan)
* bitch

#### Usage notes

* Often used as a swear word, especially in compounds.

#### Derived terms

* mac na galla
* nighean na galla
* thalla gu taigh na galla

### References
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡaʝa/ [ˈɡa.ʝa]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /ˈɡaʝa/ [ˈɡa.ʝa]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /ˈɡaʎa/ [ˈɡa.ʎa]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈɡaʃa/ [ˈɡa.ʃa]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈɡaʒa/ [ˈɡa.ʒa]
* Rhymes: -aʝa
* Rhymes: -aʝa
* Rhymes: -aʎa
* Rhymes: -aʃa
* Rhymes: -aʒa
* Syllabification: ga‧lla

### Noun

galla f (plural gallas)
* (Chile, colloquial) female equivalent of gallo, broad (US), chick, gal (woman)
    Synonym: tipa

### Further reading

* “galla”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish galle, from Old Norse gall, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ.

### Noun

galla c (uncountable)
* bile

#### Derived terms

* gallblåsa
* gallfeber
* gallsten
* gallskrik

### References

* galla in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* galla in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* galla in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* gall (literary, second-person singular imperative)
* gallaf (first-person singular present/future)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡaɬa/

### Verb

galla
* inflection of gallu:
** first-person singular present/future colloquial
** (rare) second-person singular imperative

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.