# 公主
## Chinese
### Etymology

In Volume I of his 1085 treatise Records of the Origins of Affairs and Things (事物紀原), Gao Cheng (高承) quoted Chūnqiū Zhǐzhǎng Suìyù's (春秋指掌碎玉) statement that:
    Tiānzǐ jià nǚ, qín hàn yǐlái, shǐ sāngōng zhǔ zhī, gù hū gōngzhǔ yě.” [Pinyin]
    [When] the Son of Heaven married off a daughter, ever since Qin and Han periods, he employed [one of] the Three Dukes [gōng] (公) to host [zhǔ] (主) [the marriage]. Hence the appellation Gōngzhǔ (公主).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngzhǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung$^1$ zyu$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung$^1$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-chú
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-*ciō
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng$^1$ zy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong-chú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^1$ zu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon-tsy$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngzhǔ → gōngzhu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄓㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongjhů
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chu$^5$
*** Yale: gūng-ju
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.juu
*** Palladius: гунчжу (gunčžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ zyu$^2$
*** Yale: gūng jyú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ dzy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ ju$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: guung$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵŋ³³ t͡si⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chú
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ zu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ zu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡su³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-*ciō
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^1$ zy$^3$ [Phonetic: gorng$^5$ ny$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng-cṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ny⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^1$ zy$^3$ [Phonetic: gorng$^5$ ny$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ny³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chú
*** Tâi-lô: kong-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongzuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^1$ zu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong tsú
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon-tsy$_5$
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$ tsy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon-tsr$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kuwng tsyuX
Rime :
| Character | 公 | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古紅切 | 之庾切 |
| Baxter | kuwng | tsyuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ/ | /t͡ɕɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ/ | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ/ | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ/ | /cuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ/ | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ/ | /t͡ɕĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ/ | /t͡ɕi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gōng | zhǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ | zyu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤoŋ toʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːŋ tjoʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 公 | 公 | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng | gōng | zhǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwng › | ‹ kuwng › | ‹ tsyu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qˁoŋ/ | /*C.qˁoŋ/ | /*toʔ/ |
| English | impartial, just; public | father; prince | master; host |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 公 | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4092 | 17618 |
| Phonetic component | 公 | 主 |
| Rime group | 東 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 公 | 主 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːŋ/ | /*tjoʔ/ |

### Noun

公主
* daughter of a monarch; princess
* princess (young girl or woman considered vain, spoiled or selfish)
* (euphemistic, slang) female prostitute
    From: 2007, Liu Zhenyun, 我叫刘跃进
    Yōumò hé bù yōumò de rén shì liǎng zhǒng dòngwu. Nǐngba hái zàiyú, rén bù yōumò, zuò chū de shì yōumò. Chū mén wǎng jiēshang kàn, tāmen bǎ shìjiè quán biàn le xíng, xǐzǎo tángzi jiào “xǐyù guǎngchǎng”, fànguǎn jiào “měishí chéng”, tìtóu pùzi jiào “měiróng zhōngxīn”; lián yèzǒnghuì de “jī”, yī kāishǐ jiào “xiǎojiě”, hòulái yòu gǎi jiào “gōngzhǔ”. [Pinyin]
    Those who are humorous and those who aren't are two different kinds of animals. The oddness of this is that, those ones who aren't humorous do humorous things. Go out and look at the streets. They turned the world totally misshaped. A bathhouse is called "bathing plaza" (洗浴广场). A restaurant is called "food city" (美食城). A barber shop is called "beauty center" (美容中心). Even as for the prostitutes in the nightclubs, they're initially called "young lady" (小姐), and later changed to "princess" (公主).

#### Synonyms

* (young girl or woman considered vain): (neologism, slang) 公舉／公举 (gōngjǔ)

#### Derived terms

* 公主抱 (gōngzhǔbào)
* 公主病 (gōngzhǔbìng)
* 公主風 / 公主风
* 壽陽公主 / 寿阳公主
* 大長公主 / 大长公主
* 妙善公主
* 小公主
* 平陽公主 / 平阳公主
* 文成公主
* 白雪公主 (Báixuě Gōngzhǔ)
* 白雪公主症候群
* 鐵扇公主 / 铁扇公主
* 長公主 / 长公主

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 公(こう)主(しゅ) (kōshu)
* → Korean: 공주(公主) (gongju)
* → Manchu: ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ (gungju)
* → Mongolian: ᠭᠦ᠋ᠩᠵᠦ (güngǰü) / гүнж (günž)
* → Sogdian: γwnčwyh
* → Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖 (q̊¹unčy¹ /⁠qunčui⁠/)
   * → Karakhanid: [script needed] (qunčūy)
* ⇒ Vietnamese: công chúa

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 主 |
| こう Grade: 2 | しゅ Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 公主 (kuŋ t͡ɕɨo$^X$, literally “her marriage is presided by the 三公 (“Three Ducal Ministers”)”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーしゅ [kóꜜòshù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ːɕɨ]

### Noun

公(こう)主(しゅ) • (kōshu)
* (historical, monarchy) a non-Japanese East Asian princess
    Hyponyms: 皇女, 王女

### See also

* 駙(ふ)馬(ば) (fuba)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 公 | 主 |

### Noun

公主 • (gongju) (hangeul 공주)
* hanja form of 공주 (“princess”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 公 | 主 |

### Noun

公主
* chữ Hán form of công chúa (“princess”).