# 秘書
## Chinese
### Etymology

In premodern China, originally the title for a government position in charge of reports to the throne, and imperial correspondence and directives.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mìshū
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^3$ syu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'bi$^4$ xy$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-sû
* Eastern Min (BUC): bé-cṳ̆
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pì-su / pì-sir / pì-si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^3$ ze$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pi-sy$_1$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bei$^4$ xy$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mìshū → mìshu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ → ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mìshů
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^4$-shu$^5$
*** Yale: mì-shu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih.shu
*** Palladius: мишу (mišu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/ → /mi⁵¹ ʂu¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$密書 / 密书 秘書 / 秘书
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^3$ syu$^1$
*** Yale: bei syū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^3$ sy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^3$ xu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³³ syː⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'bi$^4$ xy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈpi³⁵ ɕy⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-sû
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi su$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^4$ su$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ su²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bé-cṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒy⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-su
*** Tâi-lô: pì-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piesw
*** IPA (Philippines): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-sir
*** Tâi-lô: pì-sir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-si
*** Tâi-lô: pì-si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piesy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^3$ ze$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì tsṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pi-sy$_1$
*** MiniDict: pi$^去$ sy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pi-sr$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ sz̩⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: bei$^4$ xy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pe̞i̯⁴⁵ ɕy³³/

### Noun

秘書
* secretary (person who does clerical work)
* (historical) title for an official in charge of reports to the throne as well as imperial correspondence and directives [est. 159 CE]
    From: c. 280s, the preface to The Travels of Mu, Son of Heaven written by Xun Xu, translated by Cheng Te-k’un
    Jǐn yǐ èr chǐ huáng zhǐ xiě shàng, qǐng shì píng, yǐ běn jiǎnshū jí suǒ xīn xiě bìng fù bìshū shànxiě, cáng zhī zhōngjīng, fù zài sāngé. [Pinyin]
    Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.

#### Derived terms

* 文秘 (wénmì)
* 男秘 (nánmì)
* 秘書處 / 秘书处 (mìshūchù)
* 秘書長 / 秘书长 (mìshūzhǎng)

#### See also

* 幹事 / 干事
* 文書 / 文书 (wénshū)
* 書記 / 书记 (shūjì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 秘 | 書 |
| ひ Grade: 6 | しょ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 祕書 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [çiɕo̞]

### Noun

秘(ひ)書(しょ) • (hisho)
* secretary (person keeping records and handling clerical work)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 秘 | 書 |

### Noun

秘書 • (biseo) (hangeul 비서)
* Alternative spelling of 祕書

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 秘 | 書 |

### Noun

秘書
* chữ Hán form of bí thư (“secretary”).