# ζῆλος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to go, travel, search, inquire”). Related to Ζητήρ (Zētḗr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zdɛ̂ː.los/ → /ˈzi.los/ → /ˈzi.los/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /zdɛ̂ː.los/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈze̝.los/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈzi.los/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈzi.los/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈzi.los/

### Noun

ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension
* eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion
** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Menexenus 242A
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.11.1
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 193
** 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 195.13
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 47E
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 50B
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 679C
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 550E
** (with genitive) zeal for one
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 943
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Theseus 25
*** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Demonax 57
** (with genitive)
*** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 352
*** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Ignorant Book-Collector 17
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Coriolanus 4
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 2
* (passive voice) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 503
** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 217
** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 120
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 64, (Compare On the Crown 273, Funeral Speech 33)
* (of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness
** 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 648
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Mark Antony 2
** New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 10:27

#### Synonyms

* (eager rivalry): φθόνος (phthónos)

#### Derived terms

* ζηλοτυπία (zēlotupía)
* ζηλότυπος (zēlótupos)
* ζηλόω (zēlóō)
* ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs)
* χᾰμαίζηλος (khămaízēlos)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ζήλος (zílos)
* → Latin: zelus
** Albanian: zell
** Catalan: zel
** English: zeal
** French: zèle
** Italian: zelo
** Portuguese: cio, zelo, ciúme
** Romanian: zel
** Spanish: celo

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζῆλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500

### Further reading

* “ζῆλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ζῆλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ζῆλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* G2205 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. admiration idem, page 12.bliss idem, page 83.competition idem, page 151.emulation idem, page 269.envy idem, page 279.happiness idem, page 384.rivalry idem, page 718.
* ζῆλος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011