# kurva
## Albanian
### Noun

kurva
* inflection of kurvë:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite nominative/accusative plural

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kurva, from Proto-Slavic *kury.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkurva]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kur‧va

### Noun

kurva f
* (vulgar) whore (prostitute)
    Synonyms: děvka, šlapka, běhna, prostitutka, nevěstka

#### Derived terms

* kurevník
* kurvit
* zkurvysyn

#### Related terms

* kur

#### See also

* markytánka

### Interjection

kurva
* (vulgar) damn, shit, fuck
    Synonyms: sakryš, zatraceně, proklatě, do hajzlu, do piče, do prdele, sakra

### Further reading

* “kurva”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kurva”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kurva”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Estonian
### Adjective

kurva
* genitive singular of kurb

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkurʋɑ/, [ˈkurʋɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -urʋɑ
* Hyphenation: kur‧va

### Etymology 1

See the entry for the lemma form.

#### Noun

kurva (colloquial)
* Alternative form of kurvi

##### Declension

Possessive forms of kurva (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurvani
kurvani
accusative
nom.
kurvani
kurvani
gen.
kurvani
genitive
kurvani
kurvieni kurvaini $^{rare}$
partitive
kurvaani
kurviani
inessive
kurvassani
kurvissani
elative
kurvastani
kurvistani
illative
kurvaani
kurviini
adessive
kurvallani
kurvillani
ablative
kurvaltani
kurviltani
allative
kurvalleni
kurvilleni
essive
kurvanani
kurvinani
translative
kurvakseni
kurvikseni
abessive
kurvattani
kurvittani
instructive
comitative
—kurvineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurvasi
kurvasi
accusative
nom.
kurvasi
kurvasi
gen.
kurvasi
genitive
kurvasi
kurviesi kurvaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kurvaasi
kurviasi
inessive
kurvassasi
kurvissasi
elative
kurvastasi
kurvistasi
illative
kurvaasi
kurviisi
adessive
kurvallasi
kurvillasi
ablative
kurvaltasi
kurviltasi
allative
kurvallesi
kurvillesi
essive
kurvanasi
kurvinasi
translative
kurvaksesi
kurviksesi
abessive
kurvattasi
kurvittasi
instructive
comitative
—kurvinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurvamme
kurvamme
accusative
nom.
kurvamme
kurvamme
gen.
kurvamme
genitive
kurvamme
kurviemme kurvaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kurvaamme
kurviamme
inessive
kurvassamme
kurvissamme
elative
kurvastamme
kurvistamme
illative
kurvaamme
kurviimme
adessive
kurvallamme
kurvillamme
ablative
kurvaltamme
kurviltamme
allative
kurvallemme
kurvillemme
essive
kurvanamme
kurvinamme
translative
kurvaksemme
kurviksemme
abessive
kurvattamme
kurvittamme
instructive
comitative
—kurvinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurvanne
kurvanne
accusative
nom.
kurvanne
kurvanne
gen.
kurvanne
genitive
kurvanne
kurvienne kurvainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kurvaanne
kurvianne
inessive
kurvassanne
kurvissanne
elative
kurvastanne
kurvistanne
illative
kurvaanne
kurviinne
adessive
kurvallanne
kurvillanne
ablative
kurvaltanne
kurviltanne
allative
kurvallenne
kurvillenne
essive
kurvananne
kurvinanne
translative
kurvaksenne
kurviksenne
abessive
kurvattanne
kurvittanne
instructive
comitative
—kurvinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurvansa
kurvansa
accusative
nom.
kurvansa
kurvansa
gen.
kurvansa
genitive
kurvansa
kurviensa kurvainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kurvaansa
kurviaan kurviansa
inessive
kurvassaan kurvassansa
kurvissaan kurvissansa
elative
kurvastaan kurvastansa
kurvistaan kurvistansa
illative
kurvaansa
kurviinsa
adessive
kurvallaan kurvallansa
kurvillaan kurvillansa
ablative
kurvaltaan kurvaltansa
kurviltaan kurviltansa
allative
kurvalleen kurvallensa
kurvilleen kurvillensa
essive
kurvanaan kurvanansa
kurvinaan kurvinansa
translative
kurvakseen kurvaksensa
kurvikseen kurviksensa
abessive
kurvattaan kurvattansa
kurvittaan kurvittansa
instructive
comitative
—kurvineen kurvinensa :

##### Derived terms

* kurvainen
* kuolemankurva

#### Further reading

* “kurva”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

From Russian курва (kurva) or an earlier form of it.

#### Noun

kurva (dialectal, derogatory)
* slut, whore (irreputable or promiscuous woman)

##### Synonyms

* huora, lutka

### Etymology 3

Variant of the synonymous dialectal kurvi, possibly also related to kuore.

#### Noun

kurva (dialectal, South Karelia)
* smelt, sparling (Osmerus eperlanus)

##### Synonyms

* kuore, norssi

### References

* “kurva”, in Suomen murteiden sanakirja [Dictionary of Finnish Dialects]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2022, →ISSN.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From a Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *kury.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkurvɒ]
* Hyphenation: kur‧va
* Rhymes: -vɒ

### Noun

kurva (plural kurvák)
* (vulgar) a hooker, whore, prostitute, bitch

#### Synonyms

* cafka
* cemende
* céda
* éjszakai pillangó
* hetéra
* kéjhölgy
* kéjnő
* kurtizán
* lotyó
* örömlány
* prosti
* prostituált
* repedtsarkú
* ribanc
* ribi
* rima
* ringyó
* szajha
* szuka
* utcalány

#### Derived terms

* kurválkodik
* kurvás
* (kurvul →) elkurvul
* aki kurvának megy, áll, ne sírjon, ha basszák
* sír, mint a fürdős kurva

### Adjective

kurva
* (vulgar, slang) used as an intensifier: goddamn, fucking, damn
    Mikor javítják már meg ezt a kurva utat? ― When will they repair this damn road?

#### Derived terms

* kurvaanyázik
* kurvára

### Adverb

kurva
* (vulgar, slang) very, terribly, as fuck (to a great extent)
    Most már tényleg kurva mérges vagyok. ― Now I’m really mad [angry] as f*ck.

### Usage notes

This word is not used in Hungarian as an interjection on its own like its cognates in West Slavic languages (Czech kurva, Slovak kurva, Polish kurwa).

### Further reading

* kurva in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Ido
### Adjective

kurva
* curved, bent

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin curva, curvus. Doublet of kereb.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʊrva]
* Hyphenation: kur‧va

### Noun

kurva (plural kurva-kurva)
* curve

#### Synonyms

* lengkungan
* lengkung (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* kurva adiabatik-semu
* kurva aljabar
* kurva beban-deformasi
* kurva belajar
* kurva bola
* kurva bonjean
* kurva cahaya
* kurva dosis-respons
* kurva eksponensial
* kurva epidemi
* kurva epidemiologi
* kurva imbal
* kurva imbal hasil
* kurva indiferen
* kurva indiferensi
* kurva kalibrasi
* kurva kejenuhan
* kurva kemungkinan produksi
* kurva kenyamanan
* kurva laktasi
* kurva landai
* kurva lengkung
* kurva lonceng
* kurva lurus
* kurva normal
* kurva pembelajaran
* kurva penawaran
* kurva penawaran agregat
* kurva pendinginan
* kurva permintaan
* kurva permintaan agregat
* kurva pertumbuhan
* kurva S
* kurva sekat
* kurva sigmoid
* kurva signoid
* kurva tahanan
* kurva taksederhana
* kurva taktertutup
* kurva tekan-tarik
* kurva tertutup
* kurva titrasi
* kurva toleransi gula
* kurva torsi

### Further reading

* “kurva” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian курва (kurva).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkurʋɑ/, [ˈkurʋ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkurʋɑ/, [ˈkurʋɑ]
* Rhymes: -urʋ, -urʋɑ
* Hyphenation: kur‧va

### Noun

kurva
* (vulgar) whore, slut

#### Synonyms

* hoora, (vulgar) bläädi

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 222

## Karelian

Regional variants of kurva :
| North Karelian (Viena) | kurva |
| South Karelian (Tver) | kurva |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian курва (kurva), compare Ingrian kurva, Livvi kurvu and Veps kurv.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkurʋɑ/
* Hyphenation: kur‧va

### Noun

kurva (genitive kurvan, partitive kurvua)
* (vulgar) whore, slut

#### Declension
### References

* A. V. Punzhina (1994) “kurva”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
* Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “kurva”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎, Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

## Latvian
### Etymology

Compare Lithuanian kurva.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Interjection

kurva
* (vulgar) fuck
    Cilvēks, kurva.Man, fuck.

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Borrowed either from Polish kurwa or Belarusian ку́рва (kúrva).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʊ̂r̺.vɐ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

kùrva f
* (vulgar) prostitute, whore
    Synonym: paleistuvė
* (vulgar) bitch

### Interjection

kùrva
* (vulgar) fuck!
* (vulgar) intensifier
    Eik tu kurva!Get the fuck out!
* (vulgar) filler
    Atsiprašau, aš esu viceprezidentas, tu kurva debilas.Excuse me, I'm the vice president, you fucking asshole.

## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian curva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kur.va/

### Noun

kurva m (plural kurvi)
* curve

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

kurva f sg
* definite singular of kurve

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈkurʋa/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈkurva/

### Noun

kurva f
* whore, slut
    Synonyms: nevěstka, ženima, vilnicě
* bitch
    (z) kurvy syn ― son of a bitch

#### Related terms

* kur
* kurviti

#### Descendants

* Czech: kurva

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kurva”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* kȗrba (regional)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kûːrʋa/

### Noun

kȗrva f (Cyrillic spelling ку̑рва, augmentative kurvètina, relational adjective kùrvīnskī)
* (vulgar) whore, prostitute
* (vulgar, offensive) (regardless of gender) a worthless, despicable, unlikable person
* (vulgar, offensive) bitch, a despicable, disagreeable, objectionable woman

#### Descendants

* → Balkan Romani: kùrva
* → Vlax Romani: kùrva

### References

* “kurva”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkurva/

### Noun

kurva f
* (vulgar) prostitute, whore, hooker, slut
    Synonyms: cundra, prostitútka, šľapka, štetka, pobehlica, pľundra, švandra, trcľa, filcka
* (vulgar) fake friend, conman, liar, knave
    Synonyms: ojebávač, hajzeľ, podliak, falošník

#### Derived terms

* kurevník
* kurviť

### Interjection

kurva
* (vulgar) fuck, shit
    Synonyms: do piče, doriti, tristo hrmených

### Further reading

* “kurva”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kúːrʋa/

### Noun

kȗrva f
* (vulgar) Dialectal form of kúrba

#### Inflection
## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* (pronunciation spelling) kôrva

### Etymology

From Latin curvus. Compare English curve and Danish kurve.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kurva c
* curve, arc
* a bend of a road

#### Derived terms

* befolkningskurva
* feberkurva
* formkurva
* hårnålskurva
* högerkurva
* höjdkurva
* inlärningskurva
* innerkurva
* J-kurva
* konjunkturkurva
* kurvig
* kurvlinje
* kurvljus
* kurvradie
* kurvritare
* kurvtagning
* kurvteknik
* nedgångskurva
* nivåkurva
* normalkurva
* S-kurva
* serpentinkurva
* sinuskurva
* slutkurva
* solkurva
* temperaturkurva
* tillväxtkurva
* utvecklingskurva
* viktkurva
* vägkurva
* vänsterkurva
* ytterkurva

#### Related terms

* kurvatur

#### See also

* linje

### Further reading

* kurva in Svensk ordbok.
* kurva in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)