# acer
## English
### Etymology 1

From the genus name.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈeɪsə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈeɪsɚ/, /ˈɑkɛɚ/

#### Noun

acer (plural acers)
* A plant of the genus Acer; a maple.
** 1842, The Gardener's Magazine, page 611:In the plantations to which we allude, there were also some American acers and the Norway maple, exhibiting dark reds and rich yellows.

#### References

* “acer”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* “acer”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

acer (plural acers)
* Obsolete spelling of acre.

### Anagrams

* race-, -care, Cera, Care, care, Race, caer, e-car, CERA, Acre, acre, Crea, race

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin aciārium, from Latin aciēs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”). Compare French acier, Galician aceiro, Italian acciaio, Occitan acièr, Portuguese aço, Spanish acero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əˈser]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aˈser]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

acer m (uncountable)
* steel

#### Derived terms

* acer inoxidable
* acerar
* acerat
* aceró

#### Related terms

* acerar

### Further reading

* “acer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “acer” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *akris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós (“sharp”). The change from o-stem to i-stem declension is irregular and not fully explained. Likewise, Latin has irregular lengthening of the vowel. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros).

#### Alternative forms

* ācrus (late, proscribed)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.ker/, [ˈäːkɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈäːt͡ʃer]

#### Adjective

ācer (feminine ācris, neuter ācre, comparative ācrior, superlative ācerrimus, adverb ācriter); third-declension three-termination adjective
* sharp, sour, bitter, pungent
    Synonyms: asper, acerbus, frāctus
* keen, sharp, acute, sagacious
* energetic, active, vigorous
    Synonyms: strēnuus, impiger, vīvus, alacer, fortis
    Antonym: sēgnis
* eager, zealous, spirited
    Synonyms: dēsīderōsus, studiōsus, sēdulus, intentus, libēns, cupidus, impiger, aspīrāns
* subtle
* severe, violent, cruel, hot
    Synonyms: violēns, trux, ferōx, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, sevērus, acerbus
    Antonyms: misericors, mītis, tranquillus, placidus, quiētus, clēmēns
* penetrating, piercing

##### Declension

Third-declension three-termination adjective.

##### Derived terms

* ācriculus
* ācrimōnia
* ācritās
* ācriter
* ācritūdō

##### Related terms

* acerbus
* acervus

##### Descendants

(See also acrus.)
* Ancient borrowings:
** → Old Irish: aicher
*** Irish: aichear
* Later borrowings:
** → Catalan: acre
** →⇒ English: acrid, acrylic
** → Esperanto: akra
** → French: âcre
** → Italian: acre
** → Portuguese: acre
** → Spanish: acre

### Etymology 2

Same as Etymology 1, with reference to multi-pointed leaves.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.ker/, [ˈäkɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈäːt͡ʃer]

#### Noun

acer n (genitive aceris); third declension
* maple tree

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

##### Derived terms

* acernus

##### Descendants

* Catalan: auró
* Esperanto: acero
* French: érable
* Italian: acero
* Portuguese: ácer
* Romanian: arțar
* Spanish: ácere, arce
* Translingual: Acer

### References

* “acer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “acer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* acer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the pain is very severe: acer morsus doloris est (Tusc. 2. 22. 53)
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “acer”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 94
* ↑ http://starling.rinet.ru
* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ak̂er-, ok̂er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 20

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːˈd͡ʒɛɾ/

### Adjective

acer (Arabic spelling ئاجەر)
* Alternative form of ecer

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “acer”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 1

## Old French
### Etymology

See acier.

### Noun

acer oblique singular, m (nominative singular acers)
* Alternative form of acier

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle English aker.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /ˈakɛr/
** (North Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈakar/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈakɛr/

### Noun

acer f (plural aceri)
* acre
    Synonyms: cyfair, erw

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “acer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies