# fo
## Translingual
### Symbol

fo
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Faroese.

## English
### Etymology 1

Clipping of folio

#### Noun

fo (plural fos)
* (paper, printing) Abbreviation of folio., page and book size (10"-12.5" x 15"-20").

##### Synonyms

* (page and book size): f
* (book size): F

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

fo
* (informal) Alternative spelling of fo'

### Anagrams

* OF, OF., Of-, of

## Asaro'o
### Noun

fo
* (Molet Kasu, Molet Mur) water

#### Alternative forms

* po (Asaro'o)

### References

* John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars, 2012, page 50

## Beneraf
### Noun

fo
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 107

## Berik
### Noun

fo
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 107

## Bislama
### Etymology

From English four.

### Numeral

fo
* four

## Cameroon Pidgin
### Preposition

fo
* Alternative spelling of for

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English follow.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄡ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fou
*** Wade–Giles: fou$^1$
*** Yale: fōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fou
*** Palladius: фоу (fou)
*** Sinological IPA : /foʊ̯⁵⁵/

#### Verb

fo
* (Internet, Internet slang) to follow (subscribe to see content from an account on a social media platform)

##### Synonyms

* 關注／关注 (guānzhù)

### Etymology 2

From clipping of English focus.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): fou$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fou$^1$
*** Yale: fōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fou̯⁵⁵/

#### Noun

fo (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* Alternative form of foc.

#### Verb

fo (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* Alternative form of foc.

### Etymology 3

From clipping of English follow.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): fo$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^1$
*** Yale: fō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː⁵⁵/

#### Verb

fo (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* (Internet slang) Alternative form of fol.

## Dineor
### Noun

fo
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 107

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [fo]
* Hyphenation: fo

### Noun

fo (accusative singular fo-on, plural fo-oj, accusative plural fo-ojn)
* The name of the Latin-script letter F/f.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

## Ewe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fəʊ]

### Noun

fo
* brother (older brother)
* cousin (older male cousin)

### Verb

fo
* to peel (remove skin)

## Fanagalo
### Etymology

Borrowed from English four.

### Numeral

fo
* four

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɔ‿|| ˈfɔ/

### Verb

fo
* (literary or regional) first-person singular present indicative of fare
    Synonym: faccio

#### Usage notes

fo is an alternative form (with respect to faccio) for the present indicative of the first person. Its usage is mainly literary and archaic but is still used in some regional forms of Italian.

### References

* fo in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
* ↑ io faccio, io fo at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.

## Itik
### Noun

fo
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 107

## Japanese
### Romanization

fo
* The katakana syllable フォ (fo) in Hepburn-like romanization.

## Malagasy
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusuq, cognate of Javanese pusuh and Tagalog puso.

### Noun

fo
* (anatomy) heart

### Further reading

* fo in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

## Mambwe-Lungu
### Noun

fo
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 107

## Mandarin
### Romanization

fo
* Nonstandard spelling of fō.
* Nonstandard spelling of fó.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish fo, from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, up from under”).

### Preposition

fo
* under
* below

#### Inflection
### Pronoun

fo
* third-person singular masculine of fo
    under him/it

#### Derived terms

* fosyn (emphatic)

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From the oblique stem of Old English ġefāh; equivalent to y- +‎ fo (adjective), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *faih.

#### Alternative forms

* ffo, ffoo, foa, foe, foo, foe, ifoa, vo, yfoh, yvo, y-vo
* ifa, iva, ȝefo (Early Middle English)
* fa, faa (Northern)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔː/, /iˈfɔː/
* Rhymes: -ɔː

#### Noun

fo (plural fon or fos)
* A foe, enemy or opponent:
** An enemy of the true religion.
** An enemy combatant or armed force.
** (Christianity) Satan; the enemy of mankind.
* A harmful or ruinous force; that which causes terror.

##### Descendants

* English: foe
* Scots: fae

##### References

* “fō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-27.
* “ifō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-27.

### Etymology 2

From Old English fā, a form of fāh, from Proto-West Germanic *faih, from Proto-Germanic *faihaz.

#### Alternative forms

* foo
* fa (Early Middle English)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔː/
* Rhymes: -ɔː

#### Adjective

fo
* (rare) combative, opposed, inimical
* (rare) dangerous, foreboding

##### Derived terms

* foman

##### Descendants

* English: foe (obsolete as an adjective)

##### References

* “fō, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-27.

#### Adverb

fo
* (rare) In a way showing unfriendliness or opposition.

##### Descendants

* English: foe (obsolete as an adverb)

##### References

* “fō, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-27.

## Murui Huitoto
### Adverb

fo
* Alternative spelling of foo

### References

* Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎ (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 91

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French fol, from Latin follis.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Jersey):(file)

### Noun

fo m (plural fos)
* (Jersey) madman

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* fu (Föhr-Amrum)
* füünj (Mooring)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian fā, from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną. See fu for more.

### Verb

fo
* (Sylt) to get, receive, obtain

#### Conjugation
## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fō/

### Verb

fo
* (transitive) to wash
    Synonym: ná
    Ǹdá á èwò fo. ― Father washed the garment.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /foː/

### Verb

fō
* inflection of fōn:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* fu, fú

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, up from under”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸo]

### Preposition

fo (with accusative or dative)
* under, beneath
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 109$^d$5
    Ní taít Día fo tairṅgere conid·chumscaiged.God does not come under a promise that he should alter it.
* to, towards
** c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c
    Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑aí fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.
* through, throughout
* in the capacity of
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20$^b$13
    Ní fú indidit a·tá irascemini sunt .i. irascemini fercaigthe-si, acht is fo imchomarc a·tá.It is not in affirmation that irascemini is here, i.e. irascemini you pl are angry, but it is in interrogation. [In other words, irascemini is here a question, not a statement. The Latin verb is actually in the future tense, but the Old Irish gloss of it is in the present tense.]
* according to
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 38$^c$3
    Ní hé apstal cita·rogab in testimin so. Aliter: Ní fóu da·uc int apstal fon chéill fuand·rogab in fáith.It is not (the) apostle who first uttered this text. Otherwise: The apostle did not apply it in the sense in which the prophet uttered it.

#### Inflection

*Late forms
Combinations with a definite article:
* fon, fun (“under the (accusative m/f sg)”)
* fua (“under the (accusative n sg)”)
* fon(d), fun(d) (“under the (dative sg)”)
* fonna (“under the (accusative pl)”)
Combinations with a possessive determiner:
* fom (“under my”)
* fot (“under your sg”)
* foa, fua, fó (“under his/her/its/their”)
* fóar (“under our”)
Combinations with a relative pronoun:
* foa·, fua· fo· (“under which/whom”)

#### Derived terms

* fu acis

#### Related terms

* fo-

#### Descendants

* Irish: faoi
* Manx: fo
* Scottish Gaelic: fo

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fo, fa, fá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 276, 511–13; reprinted 2017

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish fo. Cognates include Irish faoi and Manx fo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔ/, /fo/
* Hyphenation: fo

### Preposition

fo (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article fon)
* under, below, beneath
* under the influence of

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “below”): os cionn

#### Derived terms

* dol fodha na grèine
* fodha

### References

* Colin Mark (2003) “fo”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 307

## Spanish
### Verb

fo
* inflection of far:
** first-person singular present indicative
** third-person singular preterite indicative

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English four.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fo/

### Numeral

fo
* four

## Venetan
### Verb

fo
* first-person singular present indicative of far

## Volapük
### Preposition

fo
* in front of; before (place)

#### Antonyms

* po

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /voː/
* Rhymes: -oː

### Etymology 1

Reduction of efô, emphatic form of ef (“he (literary)”).

#### Pronoun

fo
* he, him.

##### Usage notes

Fo is used in north Wales and a variant of o. The choice between o and fo is dependent on grammatical and euphonic considerations. The forms e and fe are used in the south.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

fo
* Soft mutation of bo.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Yola
### Pronoun

fo
* Alternative form of fho
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 12-14:az avare ye trad dicke londe yer name waz ee-kent var ee vriene o' livertie, an He fo brake ye neckarès o' zlaves.for before your foot pressed the soil, your name was known to us as the friend of liberty, and he who broke the fetters of the slave.
** 1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, lines 1:Ochone! to fo shul Ich maak mee moan,Ochone, to whom shall I make my moan,
** 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 2:Fo naar had looke var to be brides,Who never had luck to be brides,
** 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, lines 2:Fo laately got tackled to Kakeen Lurkaan,Who lately got tackled to Catherine Larkin,

### References

* ↑ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867
* 1 2 3 Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fò/

#### Verb

fò
* (intransitive) to jump, or leap in an upwards direction
* (intransitive) to fly
* (idiomatic) to miss, to escape one's attention, to forget
    ọkàn mí fò ó ― My mind missed it

##### Derived terms

* ìfò (“the act of flying”)
* àfòpiná (“moth”)

##### Related terms

* bẹ́ (“to leap”)
* tọ (“to hop”)
* gbàgbé (“to forget”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fò/

#### Verb

fò
* (transitive) to decapitate
    Synonyms: bẹ́, bẹ́rí, bẹ́lórí
    wọ́n fi idà fo orí olè ― They used a sword to decapitate the head of the thief

##### Derived terms

* ìfò (“decapitation”)
* afò (“executioner”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fò/

#### Verb

fò
* (transitive) to omit
    Synonym: yọ
* (intransitive) to become omitted

##### Derived terms

* ìfò (“omission”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fò/

#### Verb

fò
* (transitive) to shrink (as of clothes)
* (intransitive) to become shortened in dimension; to contract; to no longer be able to fit
    aṣọ yìí fò mí ― The clothes no longer fits me

##### Derived terms

* ìfò (“the act of shrinking; contraction”)