# roman
## English
### Alternative forms

* Roman

### Etymology

From Roman.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: rōmən, IPA: /ˈɹəʊmən/
* Rhymes: -əʊmən
* Homophones: roamin' (some accents), Roman
* Hyphenation: ro‧man

### Adjective

roman (not comparable)
* (of type, typography) Upright, as opposed to italic.
    Antonyms: italic, italicised, italicized, oblique, slanted, sloped
** 2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 48:In some early printed Bibles quoted text is indicated by changing the font from roman to italic.
* (of text, typography, computing) Of or related to the Latin alphabet or roman numerals.
    Coordinate terms: Arabic, arabic

#### Derived terms

* roman font

### Noun

roman (uncountable)
* (typography) One of the main three types used for the Latin alphabet (the others being italics and blackletter), in which the ascenders are mostly straight.
* (dated, uncommon, chiefly American typesetting) Ellipsis of roman numeral.
    Coordinate term: arabic
* (archaic) A novel.
** 1986 December 21, Michael Bronski, “Buddy Stories Your Brother Never Told You”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 23, page 7:What raises One Last Waltz far above the usual family roman is not just the gimmick of the ancient fable in modern clothes […] but Mordden's language and his sheer joy at telling a story.
** 2014, "Novel and Romance: Etymologies". Heyworth, Gregory; Logan, Peter Melville (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Novel, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 942. →ISBN
    Samuel Johnson, writing in his Dictionary of the English Language (1755), [defined] "novel [as] a small tale, generally of love." To modern sensibilities, Johnson's novel resembles more closely the novella in dimension and the romance in substance. [...] [T]he term romance, or roman, once interchangeable with novel in English, retains the meaning of novel in Germany, France, Russia, and most of Europe, while in the anglophone world it has been demoted to frivolity.

#### Derived terms

* Times New Roman (proprietary)

#### Translations
### See also

Roman type on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* roman à tiroirs

### Anagrams

* Armon, Manor, Maron, Moran, Narom, Nor Am, Nor-Am, NorAm, Norma, manor, moran, morna, norma

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian рома́н (román), ultimately from French roman.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

roman (definite accusative romanı, plural romanlar)
* A novel.

#### Declension
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ruˈman]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [roˈman]

### Verb

roman
* inflection of romandre:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

roman (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* A novel, epic
* The Romanian language.
    Synonyms: rоmen, rumın

#### Declension
## Danish
### Noun

roman c (singular definite romanen, plural indefinite romaner)
* A novel (work of fiction).

#### Declension
### References

* “roman” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French roman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːˈmɑn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ro‧man

### Noun

roman m (plural romans, diminutive romannetje n)
* a novel (work of fiction)

#### Derived terms

* antiroman
* Arthurroman
* bildungsroman
* briefroman
* detectiveroman
* doktersroman
* flutroman
* graalroman
* griezelroman
* ik-roman
* Karelroman
* kasteelroman
* leugenroman
* misdaadroman
* mysterieroman
* ridderroman
* romancier
* romanschrijver
* schelmenroman
* sleutelroman
* stationsroman
* streekroman
* stuiversroman
* vormingsroman

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: roman
* → Malay: roman
** Indonesian: roman

### Further reading

* “roman” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁɔ.mɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: romans

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin romanusor derived from the French noun below, itself from Old French romanz (“common language”).

#### Adjective

roman (feminine romane, masculine plural romans, feminine plural romanes)
* (linguistics) Romance
* (art) romanesque

##### Derived terms

* langue romane

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus, from Latin rōmānus. The meaning “common language” changed into “book in common language” and then into “adventure novel”. See also romance, of the same ultimate origin but borrowed through Spanish.

#### Noun

roman m (plural romans)
* a novel (work of fiction)
* (colloquial) a very long text. (see pavé)
    Il nous écrit encore un roman.He's writing us a novel again.

##### Derived terms

* nouveau roman
* roman à clé
* roman à clef
* roman à l’eau de rose
* roman à thèse
* roman noir
* roman policier
* roman-photo
* romanesque

##### Related terms

* romancer
* romancier

##### Descendants

* → Albanian: roman
* → Belarusian: раман (raman)
* → Bulgarian: роман (roman)
* → Czech: román
* → Danish: roman
* → Dutch: roman
** Afrikaans: roman
** → Malay: roman
*** Indonesian: roman
* → Estonian: romaan
* → Georgian: რომანი (romani)
* → German: Roman
* → Hebrew: רומן (román)
* → Icelandic: róman
* → Khmer: រ៉ូម៉ង់ (roumɑng)
* → Latvian: romāns
* → Lithuanian: romanas
* → Macedonian: роман (roman)
* → Norwegian: roman
* → Persian: رمان (român)
* → Romanian: roman
* → Russian: рома́н (román) (see there for further descendants)
* → Carpathian Rusyn: роман (roman)
* → Serbo-Croatian: roman / роман
* → Slovak: román
* → Slovene: roman
* → Swedish: roman
* → Tajik: роман (roman)
* → Tatar: роман (roman)
* → Turkish: roman
* → Turkmen: roman
* → Ukrainian: роман (roman)
* → Uyghur: رومان (roman)
* → Uzbek: roman

### References

* 1 2 Picoche, Jacqueline with Jean-Claude Rolland (2009) “Annexe IV, roman”, in Dictionnaire étymologique du français (in French), Paris: Dictionnaires Le Robert
* ↑ Etymology and history of “roman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ Dauzat, Albert with Jean Dubois, Henri Mitterand (1964) “roman”, in Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique (in French), Paris: Librairie Larousse

### Further reading

* “roman” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
* “roman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Adjective

roman
* Roman

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈroman/ [ˈro.man]
* Rhymes: -oman
* Syllabification: ro‧man

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Malay roman, from Dutch roman.

#### Noun

roman (plural roman-roman)
* (literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.
    Synonym: novel
* (colloquial) apocopic form of romansa (“love story”)

##### Related terms

* Roma
* romanis
* romanistik
* romansa
* romantik
* romantika
* romantikus
* romantis
* romantisasi
* romantisir
* romantisisme
* Romawi
* romawi
* Rumania

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

roman (plural roman-roman)
* exeternal appearance
* feature
    roman muka bumi ― feature of earth surface

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

roman (plural roman-roman)
* chaff of rice

### Further reading

* “roman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

roman
* Rōmaji transcription of ロマン

## Malay
### Etymology

From Dutch roman, from French roman, from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈro.man/
* Hyphenation: ro‧man

### Noun

roman (plural roman-roman, informal 1st possessive romanku, 2nd possessive romanmu, 3rd possessive romannya)
* (obsolete) a novel, story written in long prose
    Synonym: novel

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: roman

### Further reading

* “roman” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From French roman.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

roman m (definite singular romanen, indefinite plural romaner, definite plural romanene)
* A novel (work of fiction).

#### Derived terms

* krimroman
* romanforfatter

### References

* “roman” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From French roman.

### Noun

roman m (definite singular romanen, indefinite plural romanar, definite plural romanane)
* A novel (work of fiction).

#### Derived terms

* krimroman

### References

* “roman” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roˈman/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French roman (“novel, epic”), from Old French romanz.

#### Noun

roman n (plural romane)
* novel, epic (work of fiction)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French roman (“a medieval romance”).

#### Noun

roman n (plural romane)
* Medieval romance

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin rōmānus. Doublet of român (“Romanian”), rumân, and aromân (“Aromanian”), which was inherited. By surface analysis, Roma +‎ -an.

#### Adjective

roman m or n (feminine singular romană, masculine plural romani, feminine and neuter plural romane)
* Roman

##### Declension
#### Noun

roman m (plural romani, feminine equivalent romană)
* Roman

##### Related terms

* Roma
* român

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From French roman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rǒmaːn/
* Hyphenation: ro‧man

### Noun

ròmān m (Cyrillic spelling ро̀ма̄н)
* A novel (work of fiction).

#### Declension
### References

* “roman”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɔmáːn/

### Noun

romȃn m inan
* A novel (work of fiction).

#### Inflection
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish romaner, from French roman. Related to romans (“romance”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

roman c
* A novel (longer work of fiction)

#### Derived terms

* agentroman
* bekännelseroman
* bildningsroman
* bonderoman
* brevroman
* debutroman
* detektivroman
* dokumentärroman
* dussinroman
* fantasyroman
* generationsroman
* genombrottsroman
* herrgårdsroman
* historieroman
* idéroman
* jagroman
* kollektivroman
* kolportageroman
* kortroman
* kriminalroman
* kärleksroman
* metaroman
* missroman
* mobilroman
* nyckelroman
* pigroman
* pikareskroman
* proletärroman
* relationsroman
* romansvit
* rövarroman
* samtidsroman
* skräckroman
* skräproman
* skälmroman
* släktroman
* spionroman
* spänningsroman
* succéroman
* tegelstensroman
* tendensroman
* underhållningsroman
* ungdomsroman
* utvecklingsroman
* äventyrsroman

#### See also

* kortroman (“novella, short novel”)
* novell (“short story”)
* romans
* romantik
* romantisk

### References

* roman in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* roman in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* roman in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish رومان, from French roman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾomɑn/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

roman (definite accusative romanı, plural romanlar)
* A novel (work of fiction).

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
roman
romanlar
definite accusative
romanı
romanları
dative
romana
romanlara
locative
romanda
romanlarda
ablative
romandan
romanlardan
genitive
romanın
romanların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
romanım
romanlarım
2nd singular
romanın
romanların
3rd singular
romanı
romanları
1st plural
romanımız
romanlarımız
2nd plural
romanınız
romanlarınız
3rd plural
romanları
romanları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
romanımı
romanlarımı
2nd singular
romanını
romanlarını
3rd singular
romanını
romanlarını
1st plural
romanımızı
romanlarımızı
2nd plural
romanınızı
romanlarınızı
3rd plural
romanlarını
romanlarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
romanıma
romanlarıma
2nd singular
romanına
romanlarına
3rd singular
romanına
romanlarına
1st plural
romanımıza
romanlarımıza
2nd plural
romanınıza
romanlarınıza
3rd plural
romanlarına
romanlarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
romanımda
romanlarımda
2nd singular
romanında
romanlarında
3rd singular
romanında
romanlarında
1st plural
romanımızda
romanlarımızda
2nd plural
romanınızda
romanlarınızda
3rd plural
romanlarında
romanlarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
romanımdan
romanlarımdan
2nd singular
romanından
romanlarından
3rd singular
romanından
romanlarından
1st plural
romanımızdan
romanlarımızdan
2nd plural
romanınızdan
romanlarınızdan
3rd plural
romanlarından
romanlarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
romanımın
romanlarımın
2nd singular
romanının
romanlarının
3rd singular
romanının
romanlarının
1st plural
romanımızın
romanlarımızın
2nd plural
romanınızın
romanlarınızın
3rd plural
romanlarının
romanlarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
romanım
romanlarım
2nd singular
romansın
romanlarsın
3rd singular
roman romandır
romanlar romanlardır
1st plural
romanız
romanlarız
2nd plural
romansınız
romanlarsınız
3rd plural
romanlar
romanlardır :

#### Derived terms

* çizgi roman