OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ἤλεκτρον
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Related to Ancient Greek ἠλέκτωρ (ēléktōr, “shining, brilliant; byname of the Sun”), with further origin unknown. Possible, though doubtful, connections include Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”) and/or Latin Vulcānus (“god of fire and metalworking”), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”), or Pre-Greek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̌ː.lek.tron/ → /ˈi.lek.tron/ → /ˈi.lek.tron/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɛ̌ː.lek.tron/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈe̝.lek.tron/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈi.lek.tron/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈi.lek.tron/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.lek.tron/

### Noun

ἤλεκτρον • (ḗlektron) n (genitive ἠλέκτρου); second declension
* amber
    Synonym: λυγγούριον (lungoúrion)
* alloy of gold and silver, electrum

#### Derived terms

* ἠλέκτρινος (ēléktrinos)
* Ἠλεκτρίς (Ēlektrís)
* ἠλεκτροφαής (ēlektrophaḗs)
* ἠλεκτρώδης (ēlektrṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* → English: electro-
* → French: électro-
* Greek: ήλεκτρο (ílektro)
* → Latin: electrum
* → Russian: электрон (elektron)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἠλέκτωρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
* ↑ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960) “ἤλεκτρον”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 629
* ↑ Boisacq, Émile (1916) “ἤλεκτρον”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 319
* ↑ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “ἤλεκτρον”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), volume 1, Paris: Klincksieck, page 409

### Further reading

* “ἤλεκτρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἤλεκτρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἤλεκτρον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἤλεκτρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἤλεκτρον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. amber idem, page 26.silver-gold idem, page 776.
* Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
# grading
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɹeɪdɪŋ/

### Verb

grading
* present participle and gerund of grade

### Noun

grading (plural gradings)
* A rank or grade.
** 1951, Herman Wouk, The Caine Mutiny:He had no fear of Keefer's higher military rank. He was sure the communicator laughed at such gradings.
** 2003, Peter Jarvis, Colin Griffin, Adult and Continuing Education: Liberal adult education (part 1):No matter how dubious, or even fictitious, examination gradings may sometimes be, they make judgements possible on educational progress and on the maintenance of standards.
* (mathematics) Gradation.
* The act of reshaping the contour of the landscape so as to provide rainwater drainage around buildings, create lawns and gardens, prepare roadbeds, and so on.
* (Philippines, education) Ellipsis of grading period.
    Today is my first grading exam.

#### Derived terms

* color grading
* multigrading

#### Related terms

* grader

### Anagrams

* draggin', garding, niggard
# 患う
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 患
* わずら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Attested in Man'yōshū (circa 759) with the sense "to worry (about), experience anguish". Meaning subsequently expanded to "suffer, undergo hardship" and then "be ill".

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わずらう [wàzúráú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) わずらう [wàzúráꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [β̞a̠zɨɾa̠ɯ̟]

#### Verb

患(わずら)う • (wazurau) godan (stem 患(わずら)い (wazurai), past 患(わずら)った (wazuratta))
* to be ill with; to suffer from
    結(けっ)核(かく)を患(わずら)う
       kekkaku o wazurau
       to be ill with tuberculosis

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 患わ | わずらわ | wazurawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 患い | わずらい | wazurai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 患う | わずらう | wazurau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 患う | わずらう | wazurau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 患え | わずらえ | wazurae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 患え | わずらえ | wazurae |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 患われる | わずらわれる | wazurawareru |
| Causative | 患わせる 患わす | わずらわせる わずらわす | wazurawaseru wazurawasu |
| Potential | 患える | わずらえる | wazuraeru |
| Volitional | 患おう | わずらおう | wazuraō |
| Negative | 患わない | わずらわない | wazurawanai |
| Negative continuative | 患わず | わずらわず | wazurawazu |
| Formal | 患います | わずらいます | wazuraimasu |
| Perfective | 患った | わずらった | wazuratta |
| Conjunctive | 患って | わずらって | wazuratte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 患えば | わずらえば | wazuraeba |

##### Synonyms

* 罹(かか)る (kakaru)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 患
* うれ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 患う – see the following entry. :
| 【うれう】 | [verb] to worry, be anxious, lament [verb] (transitive) to worry (about), be distressed (by) Alternative spellings 憂う, 愁う |
(This term, 患う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “わずら・う［わづらふ］ 【煩・患】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# صحيفة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.ħiː.fa/

### Noun

صَحِيفَة • (ṣaḥīfa) f (plural صُحُف (ṣuḥuf) or صَحَائِف (ṣaḥāʔif))
* newspaper
    Synonym: جَرِيدَة (jarīda)
* journal, ephemeris
* a loose piece of paper on which has been written, a sheet, letters, paper
** 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 66:9:أَرْسِلِي إِلَيْنَا بِالصُّحُفِ نَنْسَخُهَا فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ ثُمَّ نَرُدُّهَا إِلَيْكِʔarsilī ʔilay-nā bi-ṣ-ṣuḥufi nansaḵu-hā fī l-maṣāḥifi ṯumma naruddu-hā ʔilay-kiSend to us the sheets so we can transcribe manuscripts from them and thereafter we will return them.
* an amount of paper in a bound work, a page or leaf of a physical book, a sheet such as a كُرَّاسَة (kurrāsa), record
* surface, exterior, outer skin, epidermis

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: səhifə
* → Bashkir: сәхифә (səxifə)
* → Chagatai: صحیفه
** Uyghur: سەھىپە (sehipe)
** Uzbek: sahifa
* → Ottoman Turkish: صحیفه (sahife)
** Turkish: sayfa
* → Persian: صحیفه (sahife)
* → Tajik: саҳифа (sahifa)
* → Tatar: сәхифә (säxifä)
* → Turkmen: sahypa
* → Urdu: صحیفہ
# fouyr
## Manx
### Etymology

From Middle Irish fogamur (“harvest”), from Old Irish fogamar, fogomur (“autumn”). Compare Scottish Gaelic foghar, Irish fómhar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faur/

### Noun

fouyr m (genitive singular fouyir)
* harvest
    fouyr arroo ― corn harvest
    fouyr ny hoarn ― barley harvest
    fouyr ny marrey ― harvest of the sea
    fouyr trome ― bounteous harvest
* autumn
    Ta'n Ouyr cur daah buigh er ny duillagyn.Autumn turns the leaves yellow.

#### Derived terms

* fouyr feeyney (“vintage”) (of wine)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fogamar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# ბიპოლარული აშლილობა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥ipʼoɫaɾuli aʃliɫoba]
* Hyphenation: ბი‧პო‧ლა‧რუ‧ლი აშ‧ლი‧ლო‧ბა

### Noun

ბიპოლარული აშლილობა • (biṗolaruli ašliloba) (plural ბიპოლარული აშლილობები)
* bipolar disorder

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# Cook
## English
### Etymology

From cook. Doublet of Koch and Kok.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊk/
** Audio (US):(file)
** Audio (AU):(file)
* (some speakers from Northern England and Ireland) IPA: /kuːk/
* (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /kʉk/
* Homophone: cuck (most accents without the foot-strut split)
   * Rhymes: -ʊk

### Proper noun

Cook (countable and uncountable, plural Cooks)
* (countable) An English surname originating as an occupation for a cook or seller of cooked food. Famously held by James Cook, English captain and explorer of the Pacific Ocean, and for whom the Cook Islands, Cook Strait and Mount Cook were named.
* A placename:
** A locale in the United States.
*** A city in Minnesota; named for railroad official Wirth Cook.
*** A village in Nebraska; named for landowner Andrew Cook.
*** An unincorporated community in Ohio; named for landowner Matthew S. Cook.
** A suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; named for James Cook.
** The Shire of Cook, a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia.
** A ghost town in South Australia, Australia; named for Joseph Cook, 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
** A river in New Zealand.
    Synonym: Weheka
* An electoral division in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

#### Alternative forms

* (surname): Cooke, Coke

#### Derived terms

* Cook County
* Cook Inlet
* Cook Islands
* Cook-Levin theorem
* Cook Peninsula
* Cook reduction
* Cook's theorem
* Cook's tour
* Cook Strait
* Weiss-Cook reaction

#### See also

* Cox

### Further reading

* “Cook”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* Cook (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# electrum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin electrum, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪˈlɛktɹəm/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

electrum (countable and uncountable, plural electrums)
* (obsolete) Amber.
* An alloy of gold and silver, used by the ancients; now specifically a natural alloy with between 20 and 50 per cent silver.
    Synonym: green gold
** 1995, Paul T. Craddock, Early Metal Mining and Production, page 111:Native gold almost always contains silver in amounts varying widely between 5 and 50 per cent. This natural alloy is known as electrum although in classical antiquity where the word originated it seems to have been used for an artificial alloy of the two metals.
** 2002, Philip Ball, The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, published 2004, page 45:A natural alloy containing more than 20 per cent silver is called electrum, and was regarded by the ancients as a different metal from gold.
* German silver plate.

#### Translations

Arabic: إلكتروم m
Bulgarian: електрон (bg) m (elektron)
Catalan: electre m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 琥珀金
Czech: elektrum n
Egyptian: (ḏꜥm)
Finnish: elektrum
French: électrum (fr) m
German: Elektron (de) n
Greek: ήλεκτρο (el) n (ílektro)
Korean: 호박금 (hobakgeum), 엘렉트럼 (ellekteureom)
Spanish: electro (es) m
Swedish: elektrum (sv), elektron (sv) c
Turkish: elektrum
Ukrainian: еле́ктрум m (eléktrum)
Vietnamese: electrum (vi)
Welsh: electrwm :

### Further reading

* David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Electrum”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
* “electrum”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2025.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /eːˈlek.trum/, [eːˈɫ̪ɛkt̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /eˈlek.trum/, [eˈlɛkt̪rum]

### Noun

ēlectrum n (genitive ēlectrī); second declension
* amber
* electrum (alloy of gold and silver)
* (New Latin, physics) electron

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Descendants

* Old French: eleutre

### Further reading

* “electrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “electrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "electrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* electrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “electrum”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “electrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “electrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French électrum.

### Noun

electrum n (uncountable)
* electrum
# gềy
## Middle Vietnamese
### Etymology

Probably from Old Chinese 糍 (OC *zi)

### Noun

gềy
* glutinous rice cake

#### Descendants

* Vietnamese: giầy (𱹑)

### References

* Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “gềy”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
# yasini
## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic يٰس (yāsīn).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

yasini class IX (no plural)
* Ya-Sin (36th chapter of the Qur'an)

### References

* ↑ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158 Nr. 1413
* ↑ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312 No. 3011
# กอก
## Eastern Lawa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔk/

### Verb

กอก (koak)
* to shout.

## Thai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *koːkᴰ (“wild olive”).
Cognate with Lao ກອກ (kǭk), Northern Thai ᨠᩬᨠ.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | กอก k ɒ k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gɔ̀ɔk |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kok |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kɔːk̚˨˩/ |

### Noun

กอก • (gɔ̀ɔk)
* (archaic) olive; fig.

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 332
# オㇰカイアイヌ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* オㇰカイ (Kuril, South Kuril)

### Noun

オㇰカイアイヌ • (okkay aynu)
* (Kuril, North Kuril) man

### References

   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# suck up
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

suck up (third-person singular simple present sucks up, present participle sucking up, simple past and past participle sucked up)
* (transitive) To absorb (fluid).
    The dry soil sucked up water like a sponge.
* (slang, often followed by to) To adulate or flatter (someone) excessively, generally to obtain some personal benefit or favour.
    Synonym: brownnose
    Jimmy sucked up to the English teacher hoping he would get an A.
** 1996, “Hooker with a Penis”, performed by Tool:And in between sips of Coke / He told me that he thought we were sellin' out / Layin' down, suckin' up to the man / Well now I've got some / Advice for you, little buddy / Before you point the finger / You should know that I'm the man / I'm the man and you're the man / And he's the man as well
* (slang) To fellate (someone).

#### Translations
### See also

* butter up
* kiss up

### Anagrams

* upsuck
# ბისექსუალურად
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ბისექსუალური (biseksualuri, “bisexual”) +‎ -ად (-ad, adverbial suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥isekʰsuaɫuɾatʰ]
* Hyphenation: ბი‧სექ‧სუ‧ა‧ლუ‧რად

### Adverb

ბისექსუალურად • (biseksualurad)
* bisexually
# 小貓
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎomāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^2$ maau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎomāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎomao
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-mao$^1$
*** Yale: syǎu-māu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaumhau
*** Palladius: сяомао (sjaomao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (小貓兒 / 小猫儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎomāor
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄠㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎomaor
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-mao$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syǎu-māur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaumhaul
*** Palladius: сяомаор (sjaomaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ maʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ maau$^1$
*** Yale: síu māau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ maau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ mao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ maːu̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

小貓
* kitten
       Nǐ pāi yī, wǒ pāi yī, yī zhī xiǎomāo zuò fēijī. [Pinyin]
       Eeny, meeny, miny moe, catch a tiger by the toe. (Literally, "You clap, I clap, a kitten boards a plane.")

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小貓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小貓兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 小貓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小貓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 貓娃兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 尕貓娃兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 貓娃子, 貓娃兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 貓娃子, 貓娃娃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 貓娃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 咪咪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 貓崽, 小貓咪 childish |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 貓仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 貓仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 貓仔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 貓仔 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 貓崽兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 貓崽子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 細貓公 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 貓子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 貓子 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 貓子 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 貓子 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 貓子 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 貓子 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 貓幺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 貓囝囝, 眯囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 貓囝, 貓囝囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 貓咪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 貓囝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 貓囝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 貓囝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 貓囝 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小貓兒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 貓兒 |

#### Derived terms

* 你拍一，我拍一，一隻小貓坐飛機 / 你拍一，我拍一，一只小猫坐飞机 (nǐ pāi yī, wǒ pāi yī, yī zhī xiǎomāo zuò fēijī)
* 小貓三四隻 / 小猫三四只
# وٹاندرا
## Punjabi
### Etymology

From وَٹاݨا (vaṭāṇā, “to exchange”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /ʋə.ʈä̃nd.ɾäː/, [ʋɐ.ʈä̃dᵊ.ɾäː]
* Rhymes: -äː

### Noun

وَٹان٘دْرا • (vaṭāṉdrā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾ)
* exchange, interchange (an act of exchanging)
** 1997, Abdul Ghafoor Darshan, نخاس [naxās, Cattle Fair], Lahore: Institute of Punjabi Language & Culture, →OCLC, page 15:اِک نخاس وچ جے گھوڑیاں دا وٹاندرا غلاماں نال ہوندا تے دُوجی وچ غلاماں دے وٹے گھوڑے حاصل کیتے جاندےīkk naxās vicc je ghoṛiyāṉ dā vaṭāndarā ġulāmāṉ nāl hondā te dūjī vicc ġulāmāṉ de vaṭṭe ghoṛe ḥāṣil kīte jāndeIf in one cattle fair, there was an exchange of horses for slaves, then in another there would be a barter for horses with slaves
* (by extension) exchange (place where currency conversion or trading takes place)
* replacement (of goods)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “وٹاندرا”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “وٹاندرا”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
* “ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
# 志望
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 志 | 望 |
| し Grade: 5 | ぼう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しぼー [shìbóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕibo̞ː]

### Noun

志(し)望(ぼう) • (shibō)
* wish, desire, ambition

### Verb

志(し)望(ぼう)する • (shibō suru) suru (stem 志(し)望(ぼう)し (shibō shi), past 志(し)望(ぼう)した (shibō shita))
* to wish, to desire, to have an ambition

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 志望し | しぼうし | shibō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 志望し | しぼうし | shibō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 志望する | しぼうする | shibō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 志望する | しぼうする | shibō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 志望すれ | しぼうすれ | shibō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 志望せよ¹ 志望しろ² | しぼうせよ¹ しぼうしろ² | shibō seyo¹ shibō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 志望される | しぼうされる | shibō sareru |
| Causative | 志望させる 志望さす | しぼうさせる しぼうさす | shibō saseru shibō sasu |
| Potential | 志望できる | しぼうできる | shibō dekiru |
| Volitional | 志望しよう | しぼうしよう | shibō shiyō |
| Negative | 志望しない | しぼうしない | shibō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 志望せず | しぼうせず | shibō sezu |
| Formal | 志望します | しぼうします | shibō shimasu |
| Perfective | 志望した | しぼうした | shibō shita |
| Conjunctive | 志望して | しぼうして | shibō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 志望すれば | しぼうすれば | shibō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# three marks of existence
## English
### Etymology

Calque of Pali tilakkhaṇa, Sanskrit त्रिलक्षण (trilakṣaṇa).

### Noun

the three marks of existence pl (plural only)
* (Buddhism) The three characteristics of all phenomena: anicca (“impermanence”), dukkha (“suffering”) and anatta (“non-self”).
# صعوبة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Morphologically from the root ص ع ب (ṣ ʕ b).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤu.ʕuː.ba/

### Noun

صُعُوبَة • (ṣuʕūba) f (plural صُعُوبَات (ṣuʕūbāt))
* difficulty
# useful life
## English
### Noun

useful life (plural useful lives)
* (accounting) The time during which something is productive; economic life.
    Synonyms: service life, working life

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “useful life”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
# ბიფობიური
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥ipʰobiuɾi]
* Hyphenation: ბი‧ფო‧ბი‧უ‧რი

### Adjective

ბიფობიური • (bipobiuri) (comparative უფრო ბიფობიური, superlative ყველაზე ბიფობიური)
* biphobic
# La Mantia
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

La Mantia m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025

### Anagrams

* laminata
# secun
## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English secunde, from Old French second, from Latin secundus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛkʊn/

### Adverb

secun
* second
** 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 14:Thou liest valse co secun that thou an ye thickYou lie false, said the second, that you and your kid,

### References

* Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 129
# dekaan
## Dutch
### Noun

dekaan m (plural dekanen, diminutive dekaantje n)
* Superseded spelling of decaan (“dean”).