# mace
## English
### Pronunciation

    (etymologies 1-3 (club, spice, tear gas)):
* IPA: /meɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪs

### Etymology 1

From Middle English mace, borrowed from Old French mace, mache, from Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, matia, (compare Italian mazza, Spanish maza), probably from Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”).

#### Noun

mace (plural maces)
* A heavy fighting club.
** 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 51:The Mace is an ancient weapon, formerly much used by cavalry of all nations, and likewise by ecclesiastics, who in consequence of their tenures, frequently took the field, but were by a canon of the church forbidden to wield the sword.
* A ceremonial form of this weapon.
** 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], line 259:I am a king that find thee; and I know 'Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball, The sword, the mace, the crown imperial, The intertissued robe of gold and pearl
* A long baton used by some drum majors to keep time and lead a marching band. If this baton is referred to as a mace, by convention it has a ceremonial often decorative head, which, if of metal, usually is hollow and sometimes intricately worked.
* An officer who carries a mace as a token of authority.
** 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:On the left were the Commons with their Speaker, attended by the mace. The southern door opened: and the Prince and Princess of Orange, side by side, entered, and took their place under the canopy of state.
* A knobbed mallet used by curriers to make leather supple when dressing it.
** 1967, Harold B. Gill, Raymond R. Townsend, Thomas K. Ford, The Leatherworker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg:In the foreground one man uses the "head knife” to work over the skin on the beam, while another softens a skin with the currier's mace.
* (archaic) A billiard cue.

##### Derived terms

* mace-bearer
* mace head
* reedmace
* sergeant at mace

##### Translations
#### Verb

mace (third-person singular simple present maces, present participle macing, simple past and past participle maced)
* To hit someone or something with a mace.

##### See also

* bludgeon
* celt
* twirling baton
* warclub

### Etymology 2

From Middle English, from re-interpretation of macys as a plural (as with pea); from Latin macir. Doublet of macir.

#### Noun

mace (uncountable)
* A spice obtained from the outer layer of the kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg.
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], line 45:I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: メース (meisu)
* → Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)
* → Maori: meihi
* → Welsh: mês

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From the name of one brand of the spray, Mace. Pepper spray may be derived from cayenne pepper, but not from mace (etymology 2 above), which is a different spice; rather, it was named after the weapon (etymology 1).

#### Noun

mace (countable and uncountable, plural maces)
* Tear gas or pepper spray, especially for personal use.
** 2021 December 10, Michael Levenson, “Self-Proclaimed Proud Boys Member Gets 10 Years for Violence at Portland Protests”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:[…] was sentenced on Friday to 10 years in prison for shooting a man in the eye with a paintball gun, spraying people in the face with bear mace and aiming a loaded handgun at a crowd, prosecutors said.

##### Translations
#### Verb

mace (third-person singular simple present maces, present participle macing, simple past and past participle maced)
* To spray in defense or attack with mace (pepper spray or tear gas) using a hand-held device.
* (informal) To spray a similar noxious chemical in defense or attack using an available hand-held device such as an aerosol spray can.
** 1989, Carl Hiaasen, chapter 22, in Skin Tight, New York: Ballantine Books:When Reynaldo and Willie had burst into Larkey's drug store to confront him, the old man had maced Willie square in the eyes with an aerosol can of spermicidal birth-control foam.

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Javanese [Term?] and Malay [Term?], meaning "a bean".

#### Noun

mace (plural maces)
* An old money of account in China equal to one tenth of a tael.
* An old weight of 57.98 grains, approximately 3.8 grams.
    Synonyms: chee, tsien
** 1883, Samuel Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c., of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants:The decimals of the tael, called mace, candareen, and cash (tsien, fǎn, and li) , are employed in reckoning bullion.

### References

* “mace”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* ACME, Acme, ECMA, EMAC, acme, came, eMac

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* maçe
* mac (eastern Gheg)
* macë

### Etymology

Alternative variant of macë (“cat”), ultimately derived from Proto-Slavic *maca, likely an onomatopoeic expression.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mat͡sɛ/ (Standard)
* IPA: /mãːt͡s/, /mõːt͡s/ (eastern Gheg)

### Noun

máce f (plural máce, definite mácja, definite plural mácet)
* (zoology) cat
* (figurative, derogatory) belligerent, wild woman

#### Related terms

* macë f
* mackë f
* maç m
* maçok m

#### See also

* dac

### Noun

mace
* indefinite dative/ablative singular of macë

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mace”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 239
* ↑ Omari, Anila (2012) “mace”, in Marrëdhëniet Gjuhësore Shqiptaro-Serbe, Tirana, Albania: Krishtalina KH, page 189

### Further reading

* noun mace/máce (cat) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

## Galician
### Verb

mace
* inflection of mazar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Hausa
### Etymology

Derived from mā̀tā through an adverbial form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mà.t͡ʃèː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [mə̀.t͡ʃèː]

### Noun

màcḕ f (plural mātā, possessed form màcèn)
* woman
* female

#### Usage notes

The possessed form may be seen as derogatory or ungrammatical by many speakers, and is often replaced by mā̀tar̃, the possessed form of mā̀tā.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old French mace, from Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, probably from Latin mateola (“hoe”).

#### Alternative forms

* maas, masse, mase, maiis

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaːs(ə)/

#### Noun

mace (plural maces)
* A war club or mace.
* A club used for ceremonial purposes or as part of regalia.

##### Related terms

* macer

##### Descendants

* English: mace
* Scots: mace

##### References

* “māce, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-27.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

mace
* Alternative form of macys

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

mace
* Alternative form of masse

## Old French
### Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, itself probably derived from Latin mateola (“hoe”).

#### Noun

mace oblique singular, f (oblique plural maces, nominative singular mace, nominative plural maces)
* mace (weapon)

##### Alternative forms

* mache (Picardy)

##### Descendants

* French: masse
* → Middle English: mace, maas, masse, mase, maiis
** English: mace
** Scots: mace

### Etymology 2

From Latin macir.

#### Noun

mace oblique singular, f (oblique plural maces, nominative singular mace, nominative plural maces)
* mace (spice)

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (mace, supplement)
* mace on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

## Papuan Malay
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay makcik.

### Noun

mace
* form of address for a woman
    Coordinate term: pace

## Portuguese
### Verb

mace
* inflection of maçar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

mace
* inflection of mazar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Taraon
### Etymology

Compare Idu माची

### Pronunciation

* (Darang Deng) IPA: /mɑ³¹tɕi⁵³/

### Noun

mace
* water

### References

* Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011) (as macey)
* Jatan Pulu, A Phrase Book on Taraon Language (1991) (as mace or in running text often macẽ)
* Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wan Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing)