# 割

| 割 | U+5272, &#21106; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272 |
| ← 剱 [U+5271] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 剳 → [U+5273] |
| 割 | U+2F822, &#194594; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F822 |
| ← 剆 [U+2F821] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 剷 → [U+2F823] |
Emoji style :
| 🈹︎ | 🈹️ |
| Text style is forced with ⟨&#xFE0E;⟩ and emoji style with ⟨&#xFE0F;⟩. ||
| 🈹 U+1F239, &#127545; SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272 ← 🈸 [U+1F238] Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈺 → [U+1F23A] ||

## Translingual
### Han character

割 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十口中弓 (JRLN), four-corner 3260$_0$, composition ⿰害刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𰅁, 𢵷, 𥢫, 𫗛, 𦺧, 𬕲, 𫦢

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2112
* Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 351, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5272
* Unihan data for U+2F822

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 割
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 轄 | *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd |
| 害 | *ɡaːds |
| 犗 | *kraːds |
| 幰 | *qʰanʔ |
| 攇 | *qʰanʔ |
| 憲 | *hŋans |
| 瀗 | *qʰans |
| 割 | *kaːd |
| 磍 | *kreːd, *kʰraːd |
| 瞎 | *qʰraːd |
| 鎋 | *ɡraːd |
| 鶷 | *ɡraːd |
| 縖 | *ɡraːd |
| 豁 | *qʰʷaːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːd): phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 刂.

### Etymology

According to Schuessler (2007), from Sino-Tibetan and an area word. Externally, cognate with Tibetan འགས་པ ('gas pa, “to split; to break; to burst apart”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *kat ~ *kaat (“to cut”), whence Khmer កាត់ (kat, “to cut”) and Proto-South-Bahnaric *kat ("to chop; to cut"). Within Chinese, cognate with 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), and 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), which is perhaps the r-causative of 割 (OC *kaːd).
On the other hand, STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-ra-t (“cut; slash”), to which 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), 剌 (OC *raːd, “to cut; perverse”) are also compared. Descended from the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root are Tibetan དྲ་བ (dra ba, “to cut”) and Burmese ရှန (hra.na., “wounded”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gē (ge$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуә (guə, I) / гә (gə, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): got$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): got$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kot
    (Hailu, HRS): god
    (Meixian, Guangdong): god$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): guah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): gŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): gák
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koah / kat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$keq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуә (guə, I) / гә (gə, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuə²⁴/, /kə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: got$^3$
*** Yale: got
*** Cantonese Pinyin: got$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: god$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːt̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: got$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kᵘɔt̚³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kot
*** Hakka Romanization System: god$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: god$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kot̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: god
*** Sinological IPA: /kot⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: god$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔt̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: guah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuaʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gák
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah / kat
*** Tâi-lô: kuah / kat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaq, kad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/, /kat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
* koah - vernacular (“to sever; ”);
* kat - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit割 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ka²¹³/ /ka⁴⁴/ /ka²⁴/ /kɤ²¹³/ /kɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kɤ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kə²¹³/ /ka²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ka⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kɤ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ku⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ko³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ko²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ko³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kø²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kuːə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ko²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ko²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɵʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kot̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kot̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɔt̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kɔt̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kɔt̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kuaʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kua⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: kat
Rime :
| Character | 割 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古達切 |
| Baxter | kat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ge |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | got$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-kˤat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 割 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kat › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə-kˁat/ |
| English | cut (v.); harm (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 割 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4851 |
| Phonetic component | 害 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 葛 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːd/ |

#### Definitions

割
* to cut; to cut off; to sever
* to divide; to cut apart; to break up; to partition; to split
* 70th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "severance" (𝍋)
* to cut in self-harm; short for 割腕 (gēwàn).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, literary) to give up; to abandon; to reject; to discard
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to wholesale (of merchandise)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to allocate; to divide (property)

##### Synonyms

* (to divide):
* 分割 (fēngē)
* 𠜺 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 割裂 (gēliè)
* 決裂 / 决裂 (juéliè) (archaic)
* (to give up):
* 丟掉 / 丢掉 (diūdiào)
* 丟棄 / 丢弃 (diūqì)
* 割捨 / 割舍 (gēshě) (literary)
* 屏棄 / 屏弃 (bǐngqì)
* 廢棄 / 废弃 (fèiqì)
* 扔掉 (rēngdiào)
* 扔棄 / 扔弃 (rēngqì)
* 拋 / 抛 (pāo)
* 㧒捒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 㧒捔 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 拋棄 / 抛弃 (pāoqì)
* 捐 (literary, or in compounds)
* 捨去 / 舍去 (shěqù) (literary)
* 捨棄 / 舍弃 (shěqì)
* 揕捒 (Hokkien)
* 揚棄 / 扬弃 (yángqì)
* 摒捒 (Hokkien)
* 摒棄 / 摒弃 (bìngqì)
* 擯棄 / 摈弃 (bìnqì)
* 擯除 / 摈除 (bìnchú)
* 擲捒 / 掷捒 (Hokkien)
* 放捒 (Hokkien)
* 放棄 / 放弃 (fàngqì)
* 放生 (Singapore Hokkien)
* 棄絕 / 弃绝 (qìjué) (literary)
* 犧牲 / 牺牲 (xīshēng) (figurative)
* 甩捒 (Hokkien)
* 甩掉 (shuǎidiào)
* 遺棄 / 遗弃 (yíqì)
* 離棄 / 离弃 (líqì)

#### Compounds

* 不可分割
* 交割 (jiāogē)
* 任人宰割 (rènrénzǎigē)
* 分割 (fēngē)
* 切割 (qiēgē)
* 分割區 / 分割区
* 切割機 / 切割机
* 割傷 / 割伤 (gēshāng)
* 割價 / 割价
* 割切 (gēqiē)
* 割包
* 割包皮 (gē bāopí)
* 割取
* 割和青
* 割喉 (gēhóu)
* 割地 (gēdì)
* 割尾巴
* 割席 (gēxí)
* 割愛 / 割爱
* 割捆機 (gēkǔnjī)
* 割接
* 割掉
* 割捨 / 割舍 (gēshě)
* 割接法
* 割據 / 割据 (gējù)
* 割斷 / 割断 (gēduàn)
* 割曬機 / 割晒机
* 割棄 / 割弃
* 割治
* 割漆
* 割炬
* 割禮 / 割礼 (gēlǐ)
* 割禾
* 割禾青
* 割線 / 割线 (gēxiàn)
* 割肉 (gēròu)
* 割肚牽腸 / 割肚牵肠
* 割股 (gēgǔ)
* 割股療親 / 割股疗亲
* 割脈 / 割脉
* 割膠 / 割胶
* 割臂之盟
* 割草 (gēcǎo)
* 割草機 / 割草机 (gēcǎojī)
* 割蜜
* 割袍斷義 / 割袍断义
* 割裂 (gēliè)
* 割讓 / 割让 (gēràng)
* 割除 (gēchú)
* 割雞焉用牛刀 / 割鸡焉用牛刀 (gējī yān yòng niúdāo)
* 割頸 / 割颈
* 宰割 (zǎigē)
* 封建割據 / 封建割据 (fēngjiàn gējù)
* 心如刀割 (xīnrúdāogē)
* 忍痛割愛 / 忍痛割爱
* 收割 (shōugē)
* 收割機 / 收割机 (shōugējī)
* 收割者
* 正割 (zhènggē)
* 氣割 / 气割
* 氧割
* 聯合收割機 / 联合收割机 (liánhé shōugējī)
* 臠割 / 脔割
* 自割
* 鉛刀一割 / 铅刀一割
* 閹割 / 阉割 (yāngē)
* 雙曲餘割 / 双曲余割
* 難割難捨 / 难割难舍
* 餘割 / 余割 (yúgē)
* 黃金分割 / 黄金分割 (huángjīn fēngē)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 割(かち) (kachi); 割(かつ) (katsu)
* → Korean: 할(割) (hal)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gē, guà (ge$^1$, gua$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ, ㄍㄨㄚˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guà
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guà
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^4$
*** Yale: gwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guah
*** Palladius: гуа (gua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä⁵¹/

#### Definitions

割
* Only used in 割包 (gēbāo).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00366

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 割 |
| Kyūjitai | 割 &#x2F822; or 割+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 割󠄀 割+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 割󠄅 割+&#xE0105; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 割)
* divide, cut
* proportion

#### Readings

* Go-on: かち (kachi)
* Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: さく (saku, 割く, Jōyō)、わる (waru, 割る, Jōyō)、われる (wareru, 割れる, Jōyō)、わり (wari, 割, Jōyō)、きる (kiru, 割る)
* Nanori: さき (saki)

#### Compounds

* 割(かつ)愛(あい) (katsuai)
* 割(かっ)拠(きょ) (kakkyo)
* 割(かつ)譲(じょう) (katsujō)
* 割(かっ)腹(ぷく) (kappuku)
* 割(かっ)烹(ぽう) (kappō)
* 時(じ)間(かん)割(わり) (jikanwari)
* 割(わり)合(あい) (wariai)
* 割(わり)引(びき) (waribiki)
* 割(わ)り算(ざん) (warizan)
* 割(わ)り箸(ばし) (waribashi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 割
* わり Grade: 6
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わり [wàrí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [β̞a̠ɾʲi]

#### Noun

割(わり) • (wari)
* proportion
    割(わり)に合(あ)わない ― wari ni awanai ― unfit for the proportion
* tenth
    二(に)割(わり) ― ni wari ― two-tenths

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 割
* かつ Grade: 6
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠t͡sɨ]

#### Affix

割(かつ) • (katsu)
* cut; division

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 308 (paper), page 204 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 228 (paper), page 126 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

割 (eumhun 벨 할 (bel hal))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ばーㇲ゙ (baadz, 割ーㇲ゙)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

割: Hán Nôm readings: cát, cắt, xắt, cạt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Yaeyama
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ばるん (barun, 割るん)

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ばるん (barun, 割るん)