# 魔法
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mófǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mo$^1$ faat$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mor$^2$ hah$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): mô͘-hoat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mófǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄈㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mófǎ
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$-fa$^3$
*** Yale: mwó-fǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mofaa
*** Palladius: мофа (mofa)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mo$^1$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: mō faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mo$^1$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mo$^1$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔː⁵⁵ faːt̚³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mor$^2$ hah$^6$ [Phonetic: mor$^4$ hah$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mó̤-hah
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒ¹³⁻⁴² haʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mor$^2$ hah$^6$ [Phonetic: mor$^4$ hah$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒ¹³⁻⁴² haʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: môo-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mo'hoad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³⁻²² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³⁻³³ huat̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: ma pjop
Rime :
| Character | 魔 | 法 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 乏 (148) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 莫婆切 | 方乏切 |
| Baxter | ma | pjop |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑ/ | /pɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muɑ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwa/ | /puap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑ/ | /pĭwɐp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑ/ | /pi̯wɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mó | fa |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mo$^4$ | faat$^3$ |

### Noun

魔法
* magic; wizardry; witchcraft; sorcery
* (Internet, euphemistic, slang) A VPN (virtual private network).

#### Usage notes

In modern times, this term is often associated with magic in Western fairy tales and popular culture.

#### Derived terms

* 白魔法 (báimófǎ)
* 魔法少女 (mófǎ shàonǚ)
* 魔法師 / 魔法师 (mófǎshī)
* 魘魔法 / 魇魔法
* 黑魔法 (hēimófǎ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 魔(ま)法(ほう) (mahō)
* → Korean: 마법(魔法) (mabeop)
* → Vietnamese: ma pháp (魔法)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 魔 | 法 |
| ま Grade: S | ほう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Apparently from Middle Chinese compound 魔法 (MC ma pjop, literally “devil, magic + law, method”). Compare modern Min Nan reading mô͘-hoat.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まほー [màhóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠ho̞ː]

### Noun

魔(ま)法(ほう) • (mahō)
* The arts of magic, spellcraft, witchcraft, wizardry, sorcery.
* Spellwork such as magical formulas, incantations, spells, etc.
    魔法(まほう)をかける
       mahō o kakeru
       to cast magic
* An organized body or system of magical use, i.e. Wicca, the Kabballah and Onmyōdō.

#### Usage notes

The term for magic as a trick performed by a modern magician is 手品 (tejina).

#### Synonyms

* 魔術(まじゅつ) (majutsu)
* 妖術(ようじゅつ) (yōjutsu)
* 幻術(げんじゅつ) (genjutsu)
* 呪術(じゅじゅつ) (jujutsu)

#### Derived terms

* 魔法師(まほうし) (mahōshi), 魔法士(まほうし) (mahōshi): magic master or specialist, sorcerer
* 魔法円(まほうえん) (mahōen): magic circle
* 魔法少女(まほうしょうじょ) (mahōshōjo): magical girl
* 魔法使(まほうつか)い (mahōtsukai): magician
* 魔法瓶(まほうびん) (mahōbin): vacuum flask
* 魔法(まほう)の杖(つえ) (mahō no tsue): magic wand

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 魔 | 法 |

### Noun

魔法 • (mabeop) (hangeul 마법)
* hanja form of 마법 (“magic”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 魔 | 法 |

### Noun

魔法
* chữ Hán form of ma pháp (“magic”).