# 秘密
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mìmì
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄇㄧˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бими (bimi, III-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bei$^3$ mat$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bei$^1$ mit$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pi-me̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bi$^4$ mêd$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bé-mĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pì-bi̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^3$ mig$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pi-miq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bei$^4$ mi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mìmì → mìmi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄇㄧˋ → ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄇㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mìmi̊
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^4$-mi$^5$
*** Yale: mì-mi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih.mih
*** Palladius: мими (mimi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/ → /mi⁵¹ mi¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$密密 密祕 / 密秘 汨汨 祕密 / 秘密 秘密
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бими (bimi, III-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁴⁴ mi⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^3$ mat$^6$
*** Yale: bei maht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^3$ mat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^3$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³³ mɐt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bei$^1$ mit$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei³³ ᵐbit̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^4$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ met̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bi$^4$ mêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁵³ mɛt̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bé-mĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-bi̍t
*** Tâi-lô: pì-bi̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pie'bit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ bit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ bit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹⁻⁵³ bit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ bit̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^3$ mig$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì mi̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mik̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pi-miq
*** MiniDict: pi$^去$ mih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pi-miq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ miɪʔ⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: bei$^4$ mi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pe̞i̯⁴⁵ mi²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pijH mit
Rime :
| Character | 秘 | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 質 (49) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 兵媚切 | 美畢切 |
| Baxter | pijH | mit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠiɪ$^H$/ | /mˠiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚi$^H$/ | /mᵚit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piɪ$^H$/ | /miet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pji$^H$/ | /mjit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pji$^H$/ | /mjĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pi$^H$/ | /mĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi$^H$/ | /mi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bì | mì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^3$ | mat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mpriɡs mriɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mit › |
| Old Chinese | /*mri[t]/ |
| English | dense |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 秘 | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 553 | 591 |
| Phonetic component | 必 | 必 |
| Rime group | 至 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 祕 | 密 |
| Old Chinese | /*mpriɡs/ | /*mriɡ/ |
| Notes | 祕注俗字 | |

### Noun

秘密
* secret (knowledge that is hidden)
    保守秘密 ― bǎoshǒu mìmì ― to keep a secret
    商業秘密／商业秘密 ― shāngyè mìmì ― trade secret
    掌握國家秘密／掌握国家秘密 ― zhǎngwò guójiā mìmì ― to hold state secrets

#### Synonyms

* 隱秘／隐秘 (yǐnmì)

### Adjective

秘密
* secret (being or kept hidden)
    秘密結社／秘密结社 ― mìmì jiéshè ― secret society
    秘密文件 ― mìmì wénjiàn ― secret documents

#### Synonyms

* 詭秘／诡秘 (guǐmì)
* 隱秘／隐秘 (yǐnmì)

### Antonyms

* 公開／公开 (gōngkāi)

### Derived terms

* 商業秘密 / 商业秘密 (shāngyè mìmì)
* 國家秘密 / 国家秘密 (guójiā mìmì)
* 秘密結社 / 秘密结社 (mìmì jiéshè)
* 秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 秘(ひ)密(みつ) (himitsu)
* → Korean: 비밀(祕密) (bimil)
* → Vietnamese: bí mật (祕密)
Others:
* → Zhuang: mimiz

### See also

* 機密／机密 (jīmì)
* 絕密／绝密 (juémì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 秘 | 密 |
| ひ Grade: 6 | みつ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 祕密 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひみつ [hìmítsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çimʲit͡sɨ]

### Adjective

秘(ひ)密(みつ) • (himitsu) -na (adnominal 秘(ひ)密(みつ)な (himitsu na), adverbial 秘(ひ)密(みつ)に (himitsu ni))
* secret

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 秘密だろ | ひみつだろ | himitsu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 秘密で | ひみつで | himitsu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 秘密だ | ひみつだ | himitsu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 秘密な | ひみつな | himitsu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 秘密なら | ひみつなら | himitsu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 秘密であれ | ひみつであれ | himitsu de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 秘密ではない 秘密じゃない | ひみつではない ひみつじゃない | himitsu de wa nai himitsu ja nai |
| Informal past | 秘密だった | ひみつだった | himitsu datta |
| Informal negative past | 秘密ではなかった 秘密じゃなかった | ひみつではなかった ひみつじゃなかった | himitsu de wa nakatta himitsu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 秘密です | ひみつです | himitsu desu |
| Formal negative | 秘密ではありません 秘密じゃありません | ひみつではありません ひみつじゃありません | himitsu de wa arimasen himitsu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 秘密でした | ひみつでした | himitsu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 秘密ではありませんでした 秘密じゃありませんでした | ひみつではありませんでした ひみつじゃありませんでした | himitsu de wa arimasen deshita himitsu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 秘密で | ひみつで | himitsu de |
| Conditional | 秘密なら（ば） | ひみつなら（ば） | himitsu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 秘密だったら | ひみつだったら | himitsu dattara |
| Volitional | 秘密だろう | ひみつだろう | himitsu darō |
| Adverbial | 秘密に | ひみつに | himitsu ni |
| Degree | 秘密さ | ひみつさ | himitsusa |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 秘密なら | ひみつなら | fimitunara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 秘密に$^{[1]}$ 秘密なり$^{[2]}$ | ひみつに ひみつなり | fimituni fimitunari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 秘密なり | ひみつなり | fimitunari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 秘密なる | ひみつなる | fimitunaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 秘密なれ | ひみつなれ | fimitunare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 秘密なれ | ひみつなれ | fimitunare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 秘密ならず | ひみつならず | fimitunarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 秘密なれど | ひみつなれど | fimitunaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 秘密なれば | ひみつなれば | fimitunareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 秘密ならば | ひみつならば | fimitunaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 秘密なりき | ひみつなりき | fimitunariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 秘密なりけり | ひみつなりけり | fimitunarikeri |
| Adverbial | 秘密に | ひみつに | fimituni |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### Noun

秘(ひ)密(みつ) or 秘密(ヒミツ) • (himitsu)
* secret
    ハリー・ポッターと秘(ひ)密(みつ)の部(へ)屋(や)
       Harī Pottā to Himitsu no Heya
       Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
** 1905, 夏目漱石, 吾輩は猫である:
    下女(げじょ)は国事(こくじ)の秘密(ひみつ)でも語(はか)る時(とき)のように大得意(だいとくい)である。
       Gejo wa kokuji no himitsu demo hakaru toki no yō ni daitokui de aru.
       The maid acted as if she were telling him some kind of national secret.

#### Usage notes

More formal than 内緒(ないしょ) (naisho), though both can be used in casual setting.

#### Synonyms

* 内緒(ないしょ) (naisho), 内密(ないみつ) (naimitsu), 密(ひそ)か (hisoka)

#### See also

* 機(き)密(みつ) (kimitsu)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 秘 | 密 |

### Noun

秘密 • (bimil) (hangeul 비밀)
* Alternative spelling of 祕密

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 秘 | 密 |

### Noun

秘密
* chữ Hán form of bí mật (“secret”).