# ἵππος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἴκκος (íkkos) (mentioned only in the Byzantine Etymologicum Magnum)
* ἴππος (íppos) — Aeolic

### Etymology

* PIE word
* *h₁éḱwos
From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (“swift”). Unexplained is ι for ε, the word initial heavy breathing (h) and the double π (hίππος instead of expected **έπος), possibly borrowed from another Indo-European language where such a sound change is regular. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Lithuanian ašva, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Icelandic jór, and Old Irish ech.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /híp.pos/ → /ˈip.pos/ → /ˈi.pos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /híp.pos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)ip.pos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈip.pos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈip.pos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.pos/

### Noun

ῐ̔́ππος • (hĭ́ppos) m or f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
* a horse, (feminine) a mare
** New Testament, Revelation 6:8:καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὄνομα αὐτῷ [ὁ] Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ ἅδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦkaì eîdon, kaì idoù híppos khlōrós, kaì ho kathḗmenos epánō autoû ónoma autôi [ho] Thánatos, kaì ho hádēs ēkoloúthei met’ autoûAnd I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. (KJV)
* (feminine) cavalry, horsemen

#### Usage notes

* When used as a collective noun ("horse, cavalry"), this word is always feminine singular, even with numerals.
    460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.41:μετὰ δὲ ἵππος ἄλλη χιλίη ἐκ Περσέων ἀπολελεγμένηmetà dè híppos állē khilíē ek Perséōn apolelegménēand after them came another thousand horsemen chosen out from the Persians

#### Derived terms

* Ἀλέξιππος (Aléxippos)
* Ἀλκίππη (Alkíppē)
* Ἀνάξιππος (Anáxippos)
* Ᾰ̓ρῐ́στῐππος (Ărĭ́stĭppos)
* ἄφιππος (áphippos)
* Γλαυκίππη (Glaukíppē)
* Γόργιππος (Górgippos)
* Δέξῐππος (Déxĭppos)
* Ἕρμιππος (Hérmippos)
* Εὔιππος (Eúippos)
* Ἔφῐππος (Éphĭppos)
* Ζεύξῐππος (Zeúxĭppos)
* ἱππεύς (hippeús)
* ἱππιᾱτρός (hippiātrós)
* ἱππικός (hippikós)
* Ἱπποδάμεια (Hippodámeia)
* ἱππόδαμος (hippódamos), Ἱππόδαμος (Hippódamos)
* ἱππόδασυς (hippódasus)
* ἱππόδρομος (hippódromos)
* Ἱπποθόη (Hippothóē)
* Ἱππόθοος (Hippóthoos)
* Ἱπποθόων (Hippothóōn)
* ἱππόκαμπος (hippókampos)
* ἱπποκάνθαρος (hippokántharos)
* ἱπποκέλευθος (hippokéleuthos)
* Ῐ̔πποκλῆς (Hĭppoklês)
* ἱπποκορυστής (hippokorustḗs)
* Ἱπποκόων (Hippokóōn)
* Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της (Hĭppokrắtēs)
* ἱππόκρημνος (hippókrēmnos)
* ἱππολάπαθον (hippolápathon)
* Ἱππόλοχος (Hippólokhos)
* Ἱππόλυτος (Hippólutos)
* ἱππομάραθον (hippomárathon)
* Ἱππομέδων (Hippomédōn)
* Ἱππομένης (Hippoménēs)
* Ἱππονόμης (Hipponómēs)
* ἱπποπόταμος (hippopótamos)
* ἱπποσέλινον (hipposélinon)
* Ἱππόστρατος (Hippóstratos)
* ἱππότῑλος (hippótīlos)
* ἱππόφαιστον (hippóphaiston)
* ἱπποφοβᾰ́ς (hippophobắs)
* ἱπποφορβός (hippophorbós)
* Ἱππῶνᾰξ (Hippônăx)
* Κράτιππος (Krátippos)
* Κτήσῐππος (Ktḗsĭppos)
* Λεύκιππος (Leúkippos)
* Λῡ́σῐππος (Lū́sĭppos)
* Μελᾰνῐ́ππη (Melănĭ́ppē)
* Μελᾰ́νῐππος (Melắnĭppos)
* Μενίππη (Meníppē)
* Μένῐππος (Ménĭppos)
* Μνάσιππος (Mnásippos)
* Νικίππη (Nikíppē)
* Ξᾰνθῐ́ππη (Xănthĭ́ppē)
* Ξᾰ́νθῐππος (Xắnthĭppos)
* Σπεύσιππος (Speúsippos)
* ταράξιππος (taráxippos)
* τέθριππον (téthrippon)
* Φίλιππος (Phílippos)
* Χρυσίππη (Khrusíppē)
* Χρῡ́σῐππος (Khrū́sĭppos)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ίππος (íppos)
* → English: hippo-
* → French: hippo-
* → Italian: ippo-
* → Portuguese: hipo-
* → Spanish: hipo-

### Further reading

* “ἵππος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἵππος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἵππος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἵππος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ἵππος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ἵππος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2462 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. cavalry idem, page 119.charger idem, page 125.chivalry idem, page 131.horse idem, page 406.mare idem, page 514.