# 怒

| 怒 | U+6012, &#24594; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6012 |
| ← 怑 [U+6011] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 怓 → [U+6013] |
| 怒 | U+F960, &#63840; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F960 |
| ← 寧 [U+F95F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 率 → [U+F961] |

## Translingual
### Han character

怒 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女水心 (VEP), four-corner 4733$_4$, composition ⿱奴心)

#### Derived characters

* 𭉏, 𪶨, 𱮐, 𧪅, 𫻂, 𫻈, 𦵚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 380, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10439
* Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2282, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6012
* Unihan data for U+F960

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *naːʔ, *naːs): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 奴 (OC *naː, “slave”) – angry.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps from the same word family as 努 (OC *naːʔ, “effort”). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *nuar (“to sulk; to agitate”), whence e.g. Mizo nàwrh (“to sulk; to be displeased”) (Schuessler 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nù (nu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nou$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nu
    (Hailu, HRS): nu$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nu$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): nū
* Eastern Min (BUC): nô
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dou$^5$ / nou$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nō͘ / lō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): no$^3$ / no$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$nu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nù
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nù
*** Wade–Giles: nu$^4$
*** Yale: nù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuh
*** Palladius: ну (nu)
*** Sinological IPA : /nu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nou$^6$
*** Yale: nouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nu
*** Hakka Romanization System: nu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /nu⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: nu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /nu¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /nu⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nū
*** Sinological IPA : /nu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nô
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡou²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dou$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dō
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔu²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɔu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nō͘
*** Tâi-lô: nōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: no
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nɔ̃⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō͘
*** Tâi-lô: lōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: no$^3$ / no$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nò / nō
*** Sinological IPA : /no²¹³/, /no¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$nu
*** MiniDict: nu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nu²³/
* Middle Chinese: nuX, nuH
Rime :
| Character | 怒 | 怒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 奴古切 | 乃故切 |
| Baxter | nuX | nuH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nuo$^X$/ | /nuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nuo$^X$/ | /nuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /no$^X$/ | /no$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nɔ$^X$/ | /nɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /no$^X$/ | /no$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /nu$^X$/ | /nu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nuo$^X$/ | /nuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nǔ | nù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nou$^5$ | nou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤaʔ/, /*C.nˤaʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*naːʔ/, /*naːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 怒 | 怒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nù | nù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nu$^X$ › | ‹ nu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.nˁaʔ/ | /*C.nˁaʔ-s/ |
| English | angry | anger, angry; vigorous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 怒 | 怒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9608 | 9610 |
| Phonetic component | 女 | 女 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怒 | 笯 |
| Old Chinese | /*naːʔ/ | /*naːs/ |

### Definitions

怒
* (literary, or in compounds) anger; wrath
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jìng tiān zhī nù, wú gǎn xì yù. Jìng tiān zhī yú, wú gǎn chíqū. [Pinyin]
    Revere the anger of Heaven, and presume not to make sport or be idle. Revere the changing moods of Heaven, and presume not to drive about [at your pleasure].
* (literary, or in compounds) furious; indignant
* (literary, or in compounds) to burst into anger; to be indignant
    From: 《四字小學》
    Fùmǔ zé zhī, wù nù wù dá. Shìzuò qīn qián, wù jù wù wò. [Pinyin]
    When your parents reproach you, do not be indignant and do not talk back. When you sit beside your parents, do not squat and do not lie down.
* (Classical) to condemn; to strongly criticize
* (Classical) strong; powerful
* (Classical) to rouse oneself; to exert oneself
* (～族) Nu people

#### Synonyms

* (furious):
* 不平 (bùpíng)
* 不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
* 受氣 / 受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 嬲 (Cantonese)
* 嬲爆爆 (nau$^1$ baau$^3$ baau$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 怒憤 / 怒愤 (nùfèn) (literary)
* 悻悻 (xìngxìng) (literary)
* 悻然 (xìngrán) (literary)
* 憤怒 / 愤怒 (fènnù)
* 憤慨 / 愤慨 (fènkǎi)
* 憤懣 / 愤懑 (fènmèn)
* 氣呼呼 / 气呼呼 (qìhūhū)
* 氣奪奪 / 气夺夺 (Hokkien)
* 氣怫怫 / 气怫怫 (Hokkien)
* 氣憤 / 气愤 (qìfèn)
* 氣掣掣 / 气掣掣 (Hokkien)
* 氣沖沖 / 气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
* 激心 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 火大 (huǒdà)
* 生氣 / 生气 (shēngqì)
* (to burst in anger):
* 上火 (shànghuǒ) (dialectal Mandarin)
* 使性地 (sái-sìng-tē) (Hokkien)
* 使性子 (shǐ xìngzi)
* 使氣 / 使气 (shǐqì)
* 使癖 (Hokkien)
* 使頸 / 使颈 (sai$^2$ geng$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 冒煙 / 冒烟 (màoyān) (colloquial)
* 動怒 / 动怒 (dòngnù)
* 受氣 / 受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien)
* 嗔怒 (chēnnù)
* 大怒 (dànù)
* 奭 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 威怒 (wēinù) (literary)
* 尥蹶子 (liàojuězi)
* 𡳞火 (Hokkien, vulgar)
* 弄性子 (nòng xìngzi) (colloquial)
* 忿懥 (fènzhì) (literary)
* 急 (jí)
* 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
* 惱怒 / 恼怒 (nǎonù)
* 惹氣 / 惹气 (rěqì)
* 惱火 / 恼火 (nǎohuǒ)
* 戳火 (cuah$^4$ hue$^2$) (Jin)
* 掛氣 / 挂气 (guàqì) (dialectal)
* 暴怒 (bàonù) (to explode in anger)
* 有氣 / 有气 (yǒuqì)
* 氣 / 气
* 氣惱 / 气恼 (qìnǎo)
* 火大 (huǒdà)
* 火癀 (Hokkien)
* 燒色 / 烧色 (chiáu-să̤) (Northern Min)
* 爆氣 / 爆气
* 犯脾氣 / 犯脾气 (fàn píqi) (colloquial)
* 狂怒 (kuángnù) (to explode in anger)
* 生氣 / 生气 (shēngqì)
* 癀發 / 癀发 (Hokkien)
* 發呴 / 发呴 ($^7$faq $^1$heu) (Wu)
* 發性地 / 发性地 (Hokkien)
* 發火 / 发火 (fāhuǒ)
* 發癀 / 发癀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 發老脾 / 发老脾 (faat$^3$ lou$^5$ pei$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 發脾四 / 发脾四 (faat$^3$ pei$^4$ sei$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 發脾氣 / 发脾气 (fā píqi)
* 發臉 / 发脸 (Hokkien)
* 發輦 / 发辇 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 發飆 / 发飙 (fābiāo) (colloquial)
* 盛怒 (shèngnù)
* 瞋恚 (chēnhuì) (Classical Chinese)
* 耍態度 / 耍态度 (shuǎ tàidù) (colloquial)
* 耍脾氣 / 耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
* 苦氣 / 苦气 (Hokkien)
* 見氣 / 见气 (Yangzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan, Huizhou, Pingxiang Gan, Wu, Pingxiang Gan, Xiang, Pingxiang Gan)
* 起性 (Hokkien)
* 起性地 (Hokkien)
* 起火
* 起花光 (kī-huă-guŏng) (Eastern Min)
* 震怒 (zhènnù)
* 鬧脾氣 / 闹脾气 (nào píqi)
* (to condemn):
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 叱呵 (chìhē)
* 叱罵 / 叱骂 (chìmà)
* 叱責 / 叱责 (chìzé)
* 吆喝 (colloquial)
* 呲 (cī)
* 呲兒 / 呲儿 (cīr)
* 呵叱 (hēchì)
* 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
* 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 呵責 / 呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
* 喝叱
* 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
* 嗔著 / 嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
* 怪 (guài)
* 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 怪罪 (guàizuì)
* 批評 / 批评 (pīpíng)
* 指摘 (zhǐzhāi)
* 指斥 (zhǐchì)
* 指責 / 指责 (zhǐzé)
* 指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
* 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 掛數 / 挂数 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
* 撻伐 / 挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
* 數落 / 数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
* 數說 / 数说 (shǔshuō)
* 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 斥罵 / 斥骂 (chìmà)
* 斥責 / 斥责 (chìzé)
* 歸咎 / 归咎 (guījiù)
* 歸罪 / 归罪 (guīzuì)
* 派
* 激勵 / 激励 (jīlì) (literary)
* 熊 (xióng) (colloquial)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 痛罵 / 痛骂 (tòngmà)
* 聲討 / 声讨 (shēngtǎo)
* 訓 / 训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 訓斥 / 训斥 (xùnchì)
* 詬病 / 诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
* 說 / 说
* 說話 / 说话 (shuōhuà)
* 謗議 / 谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
* 譴責 / 谴责 (qiǎnzé)
* 責備 / 责备 (zébèi)
* 責怪 / 责怪 (zéguài)
* 責罵 / 责骂 (zémà)
* 責難 / 责难 (zénàn)
* 貶斥 / 贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
* 貶責 / 贬责 (biǎnzé)
* 賴 / 赖 (lài)
* 非議 / 非议 (fēiyì)
* 非難 / 非难 (fēinàn)
* 體斥 / 体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (strong):
* 強力 / 强力 (qiánglì)
* 強大 / 强大 (qiángdà)
* 強有力 / 强有力 (qiángyǒulì)
* 強硬 / 强硬 (qiángyìng)
* 得力 (délì)
* 挺拔 (tǐngbá)
* 有力 (yǒulì)
* 雄勁 / 雄劲 (xióngjìng) (literary)
* (to rouse oneself):
* 奮勉 / 奋勉 (fènmiǎn) (literary)
* 奮發 / 奋发 (fènfā)
* 振作 (zhènzuò)
* 發奮 / 发奋 (fāfèn)
* 發憤 / 发愤 (fāfèn)

#### Compounds

* 不怒自威
* 人怨神怒
* 勃然大怒 (bórándànù)
* 動怒 / 动怒 (dòngnù)
* 含怒 (hánnù)
* 吼怒 (hǒunù)
* 咆哮大怒 (páoxiāo dànù)
* 喜怒哀樂 / 喜怒哀乐 (xǐnù'āilè)
* 喜怒無常 / 喜怒无常 (xǐnùwúcháng)
* 嗔怒 (chēnnù)
* 天怒
* 天怒人怨 (tiānnùrényuàn)
* 嬉笑怒罵 / 嬉笑怒骂 (xīxiàonùmà)
* 室怒市色
* 布衣之怒
* 心花怒放 (xīnhuānùfàng)
* 心花怒發 / 心花怒发
* 心花怒開 / 心花怒开
* 忿怒 (fènnù)
* 怒不可抑
* 怒不可遏 (nùbùkě'è)
* 怒叱 (nùchì)
* 怒吼 (nùhǒu)
* 怒喝 (nùhè)
* 怒子
* 怒容
* 怒張 / 怒张 (nùzhāng)
* 怒彝
* 怒形於色 / 怒形于色
* 怒惡 / 怒恶
* 怒放 (nùfàng)
* 怒斥 (nùchì)
* 怒族 (Nùzú)
* 怒氣 / 怒气 (nùqì)
* 怒氣填胸 / 怒气填胸 (nùqì tián xiōng)
* 怒氣攻心 / 怒气攻心
* 怒氣沖天 / 怒气冲天
* 怒氣沖沖 / 怒气冲冲
* 怒氣沖發 / 怒气冲发
* 怒氣衝衝 / 怒气冲冲
* 怒江 (Nùjiāng)
* 怒沖沖 / 怒冲冲
* 怒潮 (nùcháo)
* 怒濤 / 怒涛 (nùtāo)
* 怒濤排壑 / 怒涛排壑
* 怒火 (nùhuǒ)
* 怒火中燒 / 怒火中烧 (nùhuǒzhōngshāo)
* 怒烘烘
* 怒猊抉石
* 怒猊渴驥 / 怒猊渴骥
* 怒目 (nùmù)
* 怒目切齒 / 怒目切齿
* 怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
* 怒目攢眉 / 怒目攒眉
* 怒目橫眉 / 怒目横眉
* 怒目相向
* 怒目而視 / 怒目而视 (nùmù'érshì)
* 怒視 / 怒视 (nùshì)
* 怒突
* 怒罵 / 怒骂 (nùmà)
* 怒臂當車 / 怒臂当车
* 怒色 (nùsè)
* 怒號 / 怒号 (nùháo)
* 怒蛙
* 怒那 (nùnà)
* 怒馬 / 怒马
* 怒髮衝冠 / 怒发冲冠 (nùfàchōngguān)
* 息怒 (xīnù)
* 恚怒
* 恨怒 (hènnù)
* 惱怒 / 恼怒 (nǎonù)
* 惱羞成怒 / 恼羞成怒 (nǎoxiūchéngnù)
* 惱羞變怒 / 恼羞变怒
* 慍怒 / 愠怒
* 憤怒 / 愤怒 (fènnù)
* 憤怒痙攣 / 愤怒痉挛
* 戟指怒目
* 拗怒
* 拍案怒罵 / 拍案怒骂
* 春筍怒發 / 春笋怒发
* 暴怒 (bàonù)
* 橫眉怒目 / 横眉怒目
* 沖天之怒 / 冲天之怒
* 滿腔怒火 / 满腔怒火
* 激怒 (jīnù)
* 發威動怒 / 发威动怒
* 發怒 / 发怒 (fānù)
* 盛怒 (shèngnù)
* 眾怒 / 众怒 (zhòngnù)
* 眾怒難任 / 众怒难任
* 眾怒難犯 / 众怒难犯
* 睜眉怒目 / 睁眉怒目
* 神怒人怨
* 神怒人棄 / 神怒人弃
* 神怒天誅 / 神怒天诛
* 神怒民怨
* 神怒民痛
* 神怒鬼怨
* 突怒
* 羞怒
* 老羞成怒 (lǎoxiūchéngnù)
* 老羞變怒 / 老羞变怒
* 臺意怒 / 台意怒
* 藏怒
* 衝冠髮怒 / 冲冠发怒
* 觸怒 / 触怒 (chùnù)
* 赫斯之怒
* 遷怒 / 迁怒 (qiānnù)
* 金剛怒目 / 金刚怒目
* 雷嗔電怒 / 雷嗔电怒
* 雷霆之怒
* 震怒 (zhènnù)
* 鮮車怒馬 / 鲜车怒马
* 齌怒 / 𱌗怒 (jìnù)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 노(怒) (no)
* → Vietnamese: nộ (怒)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* anger, fury

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぬ (nu)
* Kan-on: ど (do, Jōyō)
* Kun: いかる (ikaru, 怒る, Jōyō)、おこる (okoru, 怒る, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 怒(おこ)る (okoru): to be angry
* 怒号(どごう) (dogō): angry roar
* 怒張(どちょう) (dochō): swelling, engorgement
* 怒涛(どとう) (dotō): surging waves
* 怒気(どき) (doki): anger
* 怒(ど)髪(はつ) (dohatsu): bristled hairs due to anger
* 憤(ふん)怒(ぬ) (funnu): indignation
* 暴怒(ぼうど) (bōdo): rage

## Korean
### Hanja

怒 (eumhun 성낼 노 (seongnael no))
* hanja form of 노 (“anger; fury”)

#### Compounds

* 격노 (激怒, gyeongno, “wrath”)
* 희로애락 (喜怒哀樂, huiroaerak, “emotions”)
* 질풍노도 (疾風怒濤, jilpungnodo)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

怒: Hán Nôm readings: nộ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.