# 正面
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèngmiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ min$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳn-mien
    (Hailu, HRS): zhin$^ˇ$ mien$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zia$^4$ meng$^4$ / ziaⁿ$^4$ meng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiàⁿ-bīn / chèng-biān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zian$^3$ ming$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngmiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngmiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-mien$^4$
*** Yale: jèng-myàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqmiann
*** Palladius: чжэнмянь (čžɛnmjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ min$^6$
*** Yale: jing mihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ min$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ min$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ miːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-mien
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziin mien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zin$^4$ mian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ mi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhin$^ˇ$ mien$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ mien¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zia$^4$ meng$^4$ [Phonetic: zia$^1$ meng$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cia̍ⁿ-me̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sia⁴²⁻⁵⁵ mɛŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ziaⁿ$^4$ meng$^4$ [Phonetic: ziaⁿ$^1$ meng$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩã⁴²⁻⁵⁵ mɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Magong, Sanxia, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàⁿ-bīn
*** Tâi-lô: tsiànn-bīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cviarbin
*** IPA (Tainan): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ bin³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-biān
*** Tâi-lô: tsìng-biān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeangbien
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɛn²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zian$^3$ ming$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ mīng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

### Adjective

正面
* positive; good
    正面形象 ― zhèngmiàn xíngxiàng ― positive image
    正面影響／正面影响 ― zhèngmiàn yǐngxiǎng ― positive impact
* direct; head-on
    正面衝突／正面冲突 ― zhèngmiàn chōngtū ― head-on clash
       Qǐng nǐ zhèngmiàn huídá wǒ de wèntí. [Pinyin]
       Please answer my question directly.

#### Antonyms

* 反面 (fǎnmiàn)

### Noun

正面
* front; façade; frontage
* right side; obverse
    牛皮紙的正面／牛皮纸的正面 ― niúpízhǐ de zhèngmiàn ― the right side of kraft paper
       25 měifēn yìngbì de zhèngmiàn shì Huáshèngdùn zǒngtǒng de tóuxiàng. [Pinyin]
       The obverse of a quarter shows the profile of George Washington.
* (anatomy) frontal plane
* (Magong, Sanxia and Tainan Hokkien) right side; the right

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 右 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 右邊, 右手邊, 右側, 右面 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 右邊兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 右邊, 右手邊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 右邊兒拉, 右手 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 右邊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 右邊兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 右邊兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 右邊兒, 右面兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 右岸兒, 右邊兒, 右手 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 右面, 右面兒, 右首 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 右邊兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 右邊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 右面子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 右邊兒, 右手, 右傍個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 右邊, 右手邊, 右手 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 右邊, 右手, 順手 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 右手邊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 右邊手 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 右邊 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 右邊, 右手 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 右便, 右手便 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 右便, 右手便, 右邊, 右手邊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 右手邊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 右邊 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 右邊, 右手便 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 右便 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 右便 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 右邊, 右手 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 右首, 右邊 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 右邊, 右手邊, 右手 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 右片 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 右邊 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 右邊 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 右邊 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 右邊 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 右片, 右手片 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 右片, 右手片 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 右片, 右手片 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 右片, 右手片 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 右片, 右手片 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 正裡, 正手裡 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 右手析 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 右邊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 右半切 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 右半兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 右邊, 右介, 正介, 正手, 正手一介, 順手一介, 正手一介塊, 順手一介塊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 大邊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 正邊 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 正爿, 正手爿, 大爿 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 正爿, 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 正爿, 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 正爿, 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 正爿, 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 正面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 正面, 正手爿, 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 正面 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 正爿, 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 正爿, 正手爿 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 正爿 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 正手爿, 右爿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 正手爿, 右爿 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 正手爿, 右爿 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 右排, 精排, 右邊手, 右排手, 右邊身, 右排身 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 正爿 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 正爿 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 右便 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 右面, 右邊, 右半爿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 右面, 右手 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 右面 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 順手邊 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 順手半邊 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 右面, 順手面 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 順手面, 大手面, 順面手, 大面手, 右面, 右面手 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 大手邊爿 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 右邊 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 右手邊, 右首 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 右邊 |

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “front”): 側面／侧面 (cèmiàn), 背面 (bèimiàn)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 面 |
| しょう Grade: 1 | めん Grade: 3 |
| goon ||
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 正面 (MC tsyeng|tsyengH mjienH).
First attested in the early 1200s.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーめん [shòóméꜜǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːmẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

正(しょう)面(めん) • (shōmen)
* [from early 1200s] front, façade (as of a building)
* [from 1484] direct front side of something
    正面(しょうめん)カメラ
       shōmen kamera
       camera positioned to capture from directly in front of a subject
    正面(しょうめん)から見(み)る
       shōmen kara miru
       look from directly in front
* [from 1903] straightforwardness, directness (especially in dealing with something)
    Synonym: 真面 (matomo, “honesty, directness, straightforwardness”)
* [from 1430] (Noh, theater) the front of the main stage
* [from 1803] (sumo) the north side of the 土俵場 (dohyōba, “the raised square wrestling ring”)
    Antonym: 裏正面 (ura-jōmen, “the south side of the 土俵場 (dohyōba, “the raised square wrestling ring”)”)
* [late 1700s – ???] (historical) in the Shinagawa area of Edo, the front area of a brothel where prostitutes would show off and attract customers
    Synonym: 張り見世 (harimise)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 面 |
| まとも ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun ||
Alternative spelling of 真面 (matomo), swapping out the broadly synonymous kanji 真 for 正.

#### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 正面 – see the following entry. :
| 【真面まとも】 | [adjective] [from at least 1803] direct, straight, frontwards [adjective] [from 1814] honest, proper, upright, correct, appropriate Alternative spelling 真とも |
(This term, 正面, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 正 | 面 |

### Noun

正面 • (jeongmyeon) (hangeul 정면)
* hanja form of 정면 (“front, façade”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 正 | 面 |

### Adjective

正面
* chữ Hán form of chính diện.
** frontal; of the front/frontal side/face
** being a literary protagonist or hero(ine)
    Antonym: 反面 (phản diện)