# ὕδωρ
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* οὕδωρ (hoúdōr) — Boeotian

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *údōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (genitive *wednós (“of water”)), with ω (ō) from the plural), from the root *wed- (whence also ὕω (húō, “to water, to let rain, to rain”)).
Cognates include Latin unda, Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar /⁠wātar⁠/), Old Armenian գետ (get, “river”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old Church Slavonic вода (voda), Old English wæter (English water), and Albanian ujë.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hý.dɔːr/ → /ˈy.ðor/ → /ˈi.ðor/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hý.dɔːr/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)y.dor/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈy.ðor/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈy.ðor/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.ðor/

### Noun

ῠ̔́δωρ • (hŭ́dōr) n (genitive ῠ̔́δᾰτος); third declension
* water
* rainwater, rain
* sweat
* time (from the waterclocks of Greek legal systems)
* generally, liquid

#### Usage notes

The first upsilon is sometimes lengthened in poetry for the sake of meter:
* 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.110:οἱ μὲν ἄρ’ οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ῡ̔́δωρ,hoi mèn ár’ oînon émisgon enì krētêrsi kaì hū́dōr,some were mixing wine and water in mixing bowls,
* 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.216:ὣς ἔφατ’, Ἀσφαλίων δ’ ἄρ ῠ̔́δωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευεν,hṑs éphat’, Asphalíōn d’ ár hŭ́dōr epì kheîras ékheuen,So [Menelaus] said, and Asphalion poured water on their hands,

#### Derived terms

* κλεψύδρα (klepsúdra)
* ὑδάτινος (hudátinos)
* ὑδάτιον (hudátion)
* ὑδατολογία (hudatología)
* ὕδρα (húdra)
* ὑδράργυρος (hudrárguros)
* ὑδρατμός (hudratmós)
* ὑδραυλικός (hudraulikós)
* ὕδραυλος (húdraulos)
* ὑδρηλός (hudrēlós)
* ὑδρο- (hudro-)
* ὑδρογόνον (hudrogónon)
* ὑδρογραφία (hudrographía)
* ὑδροκήλη (hudrokḗlē)
* ὑδρολογία (hudrología)
* ὑδρομᾰντείᾱ (hudromănteíā)
* ὑδροσέλῑνον (hudrosélīnon)
* ὑδροφοβία (hudrophobía)
* ὑδροφῠ́λᾰξ (hudrophŭ́lăx)
* ὑδροχόη (hudrokhóē)
* ὑδροχόος (hudrokhóos)
* ὕδρωψ (húdrōps)

#### Related terms

* ὕω (húō)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ύδωρ (ýdor), υδρο- (ydro-), υδρό- (ydró-), υδρ- (ydr-)
* Tsakonian: ύο (ýo)
* → English: hydro-
* → French: hydro-

#### References

* “ὕδωρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὕδωρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ὕδωρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ὕδωρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὕδωρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5204 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. fall idem, page 303.rain idem, page 669.shower idem, page 770.slosh idem, page 785.water idem, page 967.
* ὕδωρ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011