# حامض
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ḥāmiṣ́-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֹמֶץ (ḥómɛṣ, “vinegar”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaː.midˤ/
** (Gulf (Kuwait)) IPA: /ˈħɑː.mɪðˤ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حَامِضَة (ḥāmiḍa), masculine plural حَامِضُونَ (ḥāmiḍūna), feminine plural حَامِضَات (ḥāmiḍāt) or حَوَامِض (ḥawāmiḍ))
* sour, acidic

#### Declension
### Noun

حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (plural حَوَامِض (ḥawāmiḍ))
* (chemistry) acid
    Synonym: حِمْض (ḥimḍ)
    Antonyms: قَاعِدَة (qāʕida), قَلَوِيّ (qalawiyy)
* (now nonstandard) lemons or lemon juice
** 1226, محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن الكريم الكاتب البغدادي [Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad bin al-Karīm al-Baḡdādīy], “الذَّيْل [aḏ-ḏayl]”, in كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, Hindawi Foundation, published 2018, →ISBN, page 97:مُتَبَّل يُشْوَى ٱلْبَاذِنْجَانُ وَيُقَشَّرُ وَيُدَقُّ، ثُمَّ يُصَفُّ ٱلْجَوْزُ بَعْدَ غَسْلِهِ وَيُوضَعُ فَوْقَ ٱلْبَاذِنْجَانِ مَعَ ٱلطَّحِينَةِ وَٱلْحَامِضِ وَٱلْمِلْحِ وَٱلثُّومِ.mutabbal yušwā l-bāḏinjānu wayuqaššaru wayudaqqu, ṯumma yuṣaffu l-jawzu baʕda ḡaslihi wayūḍaʕu fawqa l-bāḏinjāni maʕa ṭ-ṭaḥīnati wal-ḥāmiḍi wal-milḥi waṯ-ṯūmi.Mutabbal Eggplants are fried, julienned, pounded, then walnut rowed after washing and placed over the eggplants with ṭahīne and lemon and salt and garlic.

#### Declension
### See also

Basic tastes in Arabic · طُعُوم‎ (ṭuʕūm) (layout · text) :
| حُلْو (ḥulw) | حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ) | مَالِح (māliḥ) | مُرّ‎ (murr) | حَارّ (ḥārr) | لَاذِع‎ (lāḏiʕ) |

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaː.midˤ/

### Noun

حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (collective, singulative حامضة f (ḥāmḍa), plural حامضات (ḥāmḍāt))
* lemon

### Adjective

حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حامضة (ḥāmḍa), masculine plural حامضين (ḥāmḍīn), feminine plural حامضات (ḥāmḍāt), elative أحمض (ʔaḥmaḍ) or حمض (ḥmaḍ))
* sour
* unfunny
    هاد النكتة حامضة بحال ديما. ― hād en-nukta ḥāmḍa bḥāl dīma ― This joke is unfunny as always.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ, “sour, acidic; acid”), from Proto-Semitic *ḥāmiṣ́-.

### Adjective

حامض • (hamız)
* acid, sour, tart, sharp or biting to the taste, having the taste of vinegar
    Synonyms: اكشی (ekşi), ترش (turş)

### Noun

حامض • (hamız) (definite accusative حامضی (hamızı), plural حامضات (hamızat))
* (chemistry) acid, any compound capable of either donating a proton, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair
    Synonym: اكشی (ekşi)

#### Derived terms

* حامض بروم (hamız-ı brom, “bromic acid”)
* حامض جبن (hamız-ı cübn, “caseic acid”)
* حامض قهوه (hamız-ı kahve, “caffeic acid”)
* حامض كبریت (hamız-ı kibrit, “sulfuric acid”)
* حامض لیمون (hamız-ı limon, “citric acid”)
* حامضلاتمق (hamızlatmak, “to acidulate”)
* حامضلاشمق (hamızlaşmak, “to let be acidulated”)
* حامضلانمق (hamızlanmak, “to become acid”)
* حامضی (hamizî, “acid”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: hamız

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hamız”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1858
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hâmız”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 383
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حامض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 494
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Acer”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 13
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حامض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1715
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حامض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 757

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ).

### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /ħaː.medˤ/, [ˈħɑː.mɪdˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Adjective

حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) (feminine حامضة (ḥāmḍa), elative أحمض (ʾaḥmaḍ))
* sour
* acid

##### See also

Basic tastes in South Levantine Arabic · طعم (ṭaʕm), ذوق (zōʕ) (layout · text) :
| حلو (ḥilu) | حامض (ḥāmeḍ) | مالح (māleḥ) | مرّ (murr) | حارّ (ḥārr) | - |

#### Noun

حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) m (plural حوامض (ḥawāmeḍ))
* acid

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /ħaː.mudˤ/, [ˈħɑː.mʊdˤ]

#### Noun

حامض • (ḥāmoḍ) m
* (Galilee, uncountable) lemons
    Synonym: لمون (lamūn)
    حبّة حامض ― ḥabbet ḥāmod ― a lemon