# 芒種
## Chinese

* 芒種 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 芒種 (Cantonese)
* Mông-chúng (Hakka)
* Mòng-cṳ̄ng (Eastern Min)
* Bông-chéng (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mángzhòng
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mang$^2$ zong$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^4$ zung$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mong$^4$ zung
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Miòng-chung / Mòng-chung
    (Hailu, HRS): mong zhung$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mong$^2$ zung$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mon$^1$ zung$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): Mông-ce̤̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): Mòng-cṳ̄ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$ zoeng$^3$ / morng$^2$ zyeng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Bông-chéng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$ zong$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$maon-tson
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man$^2$ zhong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mángzhòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mángjhòng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^2$-chung$^4$
*** Yale: máng-jùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mangjonq
*** Palladius: манчжун (mančžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mang$^2$ zong$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mangzung
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ²¹ t͡soŋ⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$ zung$^3$
*** Yale: mòhng jung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$ dzung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$ zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mong$^4$ zung
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔŋ³⁵ t͡suŋ²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Miòng-chung / Mòng-chung
*** Hakka Romanization System: miong$^ˇ$ zung / mong$^ˇ$ zung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: miong$^2$ zung$^4$ / mong$^2$ zung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯oŋ¹¹ t͡suŋ⁵⁵/, /moŋ¹¹ t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong zhung$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃuŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mong$^2$ zung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mon$^1$ zung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɒ̃¹¹ t͡suŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Mông-ce̤̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔŋ³³ t͡sœyŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Mòng-cṳ̄ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mouŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒyŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$ zoeng$^3$ [Phonetic: morng$^5$ noeng$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Mó̤ng-cê̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$nœŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$ zyeng$^3$ [Phonetic: morng$^5$ nyeng$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$nyøŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bông-chéng
*** Tâi-lô: Bông-tsíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bongzeang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mang$^5$ zong$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng tsóng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$maon-tson
*** MiniDict: maon$^去$ tson
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$maan-tson
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²² t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: man$^2$ zhong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /man¹³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /man¹³ t͡sən⁴⁵/

### Proper noun

芒種
* the 9th of the 24 solar terms around June 5th, 6th, or 7th, marking the end of the grain-growing season and reminding the farmer that it is the last chance for sowing

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 芒種(ぼうしゅ) (bōshu)
* → Korean: 망종(芒種) (mangjong)
* → Vietnamese: Mang chủng (芒種)

#### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

### Noun

芒種
* (archaic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3rd century BCE
    Zé cǎo suǒ shēng, zhòng zhī mángzhòng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* “芒種”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “Entry #1970”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 芒 | 種 |
| ぼう Hyōgai | しゅ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼーしゅ [bóꜜòshù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bo̞ːɕɨ]

### Proper noun

芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) • (Bōshu)
* lit. "awns (beard of grain) grow"; one of the solar terms

### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “芒種”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 芒 | 種 |

### Noun

芒種 • (mangjong) (hangeul 망종)
* hanja form of 망종

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 芒 | 種 |

### Proper noun

芒種
* chữ Hán form of Mang chủng (“lit. "awns (beard of grain) grow"; one of the solar terms”).

### See also

* Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
** Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
** Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
** Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)