# 安土重遷
## Chinese

| | | content; calm; stillcontent; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how | earth; dust; ruralearth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian | heavy; serious; to doubleheavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer | to move; to shift |
| trad. (安土重遷) | trad. (安土重遷) | 安 | 土 | 重 | 遷 |
| simp. (安土重迁) | simp. (安土重迁) | 安 | 土 | 重 | 迁 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): āntǔzhòngqiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): on$^1$ tou$^2$ zung$^6$ cin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ôn-thú-chhung-chhiên
    (Hailu, HRS): on$^ˋ$ tu$^ˊ$ chung$^˖$ cien$^ˋ$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: āntǔzhòngqiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: antǔjhòngcian
*** Wade–Giles: an$^1$-tʻu$^3$-chung$^4$-chʻien$^1$
*** Yale: ān-tǔ-jùng-chyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: antuujonqchian
*** Palladius: аньтучжунцянь (anʹtučžuncjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: on$^1$ tou$^2$ zung$^6$ cin$^1$
*** Yale: ōn tóu juhng chīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: on$^1$ tou$^2$ dzung$^6$ tsin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: on$^1$ tou$^2$ zung$^6$ qin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²² t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôn-thú-chhung-chhiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: on$^ˊ$ tu$^ˋ$ cung qien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: on$^1$ tu$^3$ cung$^4$ qian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /on²⁴ tʰu³¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯en²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: on$^ˋ$ tu$^ˊ$ chung$^˖$ cien$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /on⁵³ tʰu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰuŋ³³ t͡sʰien⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: 'an thuX drjowngH tshjen
Rime :
| Character | 安 | 土 | 重 | 遷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 透 (6) | 澄 (11) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 模 (23) | 鍾 (7) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | III | III |
| Fanqie | 烏寒切 | 他魯切 | 柱用切 | 七然切 |
| Baxter | 'an | thuX | drjowngH | tshjen |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɑn/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ | /ɖɨoŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɑn/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ | /ɖioŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɑn/ | /tʰo$^X$/ | /ȡioŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔan/ | /tʰɔ$^X$/ | /ɖuawŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰian/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɑn/ | /tʰo$^X$/ | /ȡioŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɑn/ | /tʰu$^X$/ | /ȡĭwoŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰĭɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔɑn/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ | /ȡʱi̯woŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sʰi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ān | tǔ | zhòng | qiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | on$^1$ | tou$^2$ | zung$^6$ | cin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa[n] tʰˤaʔ N-t<r>oŋʔ-s [tsʰ]ar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaːn l̥ʰaːʔ doŋs sʰen/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 安 | 土 | 重 | 遷 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ān | tǔ | zhòng | qiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ 'an › | ‹ thu$^X$ › | ‹ drjowng$^H$ › | ‹ tshjen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ | /*tʰˁaʔ/ | /*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/ | /*[tsʰ]ar/ |
| English | peace(ful) | earth | weight (n.) | move (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 安 | 土 | 重 | 遷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11 | 12499 | 17463 | 10233 |
| Phonetic component | 安 | 土 | 重 | 遷 |
| Rime group | 元 | 魚 | 東 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 安 | 土 | 重 | 遷 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaːn/ | /*l̥ʰaːʔ/ | /*doŋs/ | /*sʰen/ |
| Notes | | | | 說文上從囟聲 |

### Idiom

安土重遷
* to hate to leave one's native land or where one has lived long; to love one's homeland and not wish to leave it
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Āntǔzhòngqiān, límín zhī xìng; gǔròu xiàng fù, rénqíng suǒ yuàn yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)