# roc
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: rŏk, IPA: /ɹɒk/
* Homophones: rock, rawk
* Rhymes: -ɒk

### Etymology 1

Spanish rocho, ruc, from Arabic رُخّ (ruḵḵ), from Persian رخ (rox).

#### Alternative forms

* roche
* rok
* ruc, rukh

#### Noun

roc (plural rocs)
* An enormous mythical bird in Eastern legend.
** The Arabian Nights Entertainment. Tale 4. Sinbad. The Second Voyage.
    "By this time the sun was about to set, and all of a sudden the sky became as dark as if it had been covered with a thick cloud. I was much astonished at this sudden darkness, but much more when I found it occasioned by a bird of a monstrous size, that came flying toward me. I remembered that I had often heard mariners speak of a miraculous bird called Roc, and conceived that the great dome which I so much admired must be its egg. In short, the bird alighted, and sat over the egg. As I perceived her coming, I crept to the egg, so that I had before me one of the legs of the bird, which was as big as the trunk of a tree. I tied myself strongly to it with my turban, in hopes that the roc next morning would carry me with her out of this desert island. After having passed the night in this condition, the bird flew away as soon as it was daylight, and carried me so high, that I could not discern the earth;

##### Synonyms

* peng (Chinese contexts)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

roc
* (medicine, colloquial) Rocuronium.

### Anagrams

* CoR, orc, Orc, cro, cor-, ORC, Cor., OCR, CRO, cor., COR, cor

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈrɔk]

### Etymology 1

From roca.

#### Noun

roc m (plural rocs)
* rock, stone

#### See also

* pedra

### Etymology 2

From Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”).

#### Noun

roc m (plural rocs)
* (obsolete) rook (chess piece)
    Synonym: torre
* (heraldry) rook (heraldic charge)
* (mythology) roc (mythological bird)

### Further reading

* “roc” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁɔk/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Variant of roche.

#### Noun

roc m (plural rocs)
* rock

##### Derived terms

* solide comme un roc

##### Related terms

* roche
* rocher

### Etymology 2

From Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”), possibly from Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).

#### Noun

roc m (plural rocs)
* (dated, chess) rook
    Synonym: tour

##### Related terms

* roquer
* rocade

### Further reading

* “roc”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* cor

## Interlingua
### Noun

roc (plural roches)
* rook (chess piece)

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾˠɔk/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle”)

#### Noun

roc m (genitive singular roic, nominative plural roic)
* ray (fish)

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
roc
roic
vocative
a roic
a roca
genitive
roic
roc
dative
roc
roic
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an roc
na roic
genitive
an roic
na roc
dative
leis an roc don roc
leis na roic :

##### Derived terms

* roc ga nimhe (“stingray”)
* roc iolair (“eagle ray”)
* roc nimhe (“electric ray, numb-fish”)

#### References

* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “roc”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish roc (“wrinkle”).

#### Noun

roc m (genitive singular roic, nominative plural roic)
* wrinkle, ruck, crease, pucker
    Bhí roic sa léine.There were wrinkles in the shirt.

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
roc
roic
vocative
a roic
a roca
genitive
roic
roc
dative
roc
roic
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an roc
na roic
genitive
an roic
na roc
dative
leis an roc don roc
leis na roic :

#### Verb

roc (present analytic rocann, future analytic rocfaidh, verbal noun rocadh, past participle roctha) (ambitransitive)
* wrinkle, crease, pucker
* corrugate
* kink
* crimp

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | rocadh | rocadh | rocadh | rocadh | rocadh | rocadh | rocadh | rocadh |
| past participle | roctha | roctha | roctha | roctha | roctha | roctha | roctha | roctha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | rocaim | rocann tú; rocair$^†$ | rocann sé, sí | rocaimid | rocann sibh | rocann siad; rocaid$^†$ | a rocann; a rocas | roctar |
| past | roc mé; rocas | roc tú; rocais | roc sé, sí | rocamar; roc muid | roc sibh; rocabhair | roc siad; rocadar | a roc / ar roc* | rocadh |
| past habitual | rocainn | roctá | rocadh sé, sí | rocaimis; rocadh muid | rocadh sibh | rocaidís; rocadh siad | a rocadh / a rocadh* | roctaí |
| future | rocfaidh mé; rocfad | rocfaidh tú; rocfair$^†$ | rocfaidh sé, sí | rocfaimid; rocfaidh muid | rocfaidh sibh | rocfaidh siad; rocfaid$^†$ | a rocfaidh; a rocfas | rocfar |
| conditional | rocfainn | rocfá | rocfadh sé, sí | rocfaimis; rocfadh muid | rocfadh sibh | rocfaidís; rocfadh siad | a rocfadh / a rocfadh* | rocfaí |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go roca mé; go rocad$^†$ | go roca tú; go rocair$^†$ | go roca sé, sí | go rocaimid; go roca muid | go roca sibh | go roca siad; go rocaid$^†$ | — | go roctar |
| past | dá rocainn | dá roctá | dá rocadh sé, sí | dá rocaimis; dá rocadh muid | dá rocadh sibh | dá rocaidís; dá rocadh siad | — | dá roctaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | rocaim | roc | rocadh sé, sí | rocaimis | rocaigí; rocaidh$^†$ | rocaidís | — | roctar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form

##### Derived terms

* rocach

#### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “roc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Latvian
### Verb

roc
* inflection of rakt:
** second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French roc.

### Noun

roc m (plural rocs)
* (chess) rook

#### Descendants

* French: roc

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (roc)

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz.

### Noun

rōc m
* smoke

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: rôoc
** Dutch: rook
*** Afrikaans: rook
*** Negerhollands: rook
** → Middle English: roke (also possibly through Old Norse *rauk)
*** Scots: rok, roke, roik, rouk
*** English: roke

### References

* “rōk”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رُخّ (ruḵḵ), from Persian رخ (rox).

### Noun

roc oblique singular, m (oblique plural ros, nominative singular ros, nominative plural roc)
* (chess) rook

#### Descendants

* Middle French: roc
** French: roc
* → Middle English: rook
** English: rook
*** → Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
*** → Korean: 룩 (ruk)

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (roc)

## Old Khmer
### Verb

roc
* Latin script form of រោច៑ (“to withdraw”)

### Noun

roc
* Latin script form of រោច៑ (“fortnight following full moon”)

## Old Saxon
### Noun

roc m
* Alternative spelling of rok

## Welsh
### Etymology

From English rock.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɔk/
* Rhymes: -ɔk

### Noun

roc m (not mutable)
* rock (style of music)
    Synonym: cerddoriaeth roc

### See also

* roc-a-rôl
* roc-an-rôl

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “roc”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Zazaki
### Etymology

Related to Persian روز (ruz).

### Noun

roc n
* Sun
* day