# नमस्कार
## Hindi

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /nə.məs.kɑːɾ/, [nɐ.mɐs.käːɾ]
* (common mispronunciation) (Delhi) IPA: /nə.məʃ.kɑːɾ/, [nɐ.mɐʃ.käːɾ]

### Interjection

नमस्कार • (namaskār) (Urdu spelling نمسکار)
* a salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye
    Synonym: नमस्ते (namaste)

#### Usage notes

In India, नमस्ते (namaste) and नमस्कार (namaskār) are non-religious greetings, while elsewhere they might be considered Hindu or Indic greetings. Religious greetings include:
* (Hindu) जय श्री राम (jay śrī rām), जय सिया राम (jay siyā rām), जय श्री कृष्ण (jay śrī kŕṣṇa), राम राम (rām rām), राधे राधे (rādhe rādhe), जय जगन्नाथ (jay jagannāth), etc.
* (Jain) जय जिनेंद्र (jay jinendra)
* (Sikh) सत श्री अकाल (sat śrī akāl)
* (Muslim) सलाम अलैकुम (salām alaikum)
which may be used by or when speaking to a person of the mentioned religion, as it is often considered gracious to greet someone in their religion’s greeting.
In modern Hindi urban usage, English hi and hello are also common.

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “नमस्कार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 544

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi नमस्कार (namaskāra), from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nə.məs.kaɾ/

### Interjection

नमस्कार • (namaskār)
* a salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye; namaskar
    Synonym: ( less common) नमस्ते (namaste)

#### Derived terms

* नमस्कार करणे (namaskār karṇe, “to seek blessings”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “नमस्कार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “नमस्कार”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʌmʌskär]
* Phonetic Devanagari: नमस्कार्

### Interjection

नमस्कार • (namaskār)
* (respectful) A salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye

### See also

* नमस्ते (namaste)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* নমস্কাৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬦᬫᬲ᭄ᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
* নমস্কার (Bengali script)
* 𑰡𑰦𑰭𑰿𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀦𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* နမသ္ကာရ (Burmese script)
* નમસ્કાર (Gujarati script)
* ਨਮਸ੍ਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌨𑌮𑌸𑍍𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦤꦩꦱ꧀ꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂢𑂧𑂮𑂹𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ (Kannada script)
* នមស្ការ (Khmer script)
* ນມສ຺ກາຣ (Lao script)
* നമസ്കാര (Malayalam script)
* ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠰ᠌ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘡𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠰᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧁𑧆𑧍𑧠𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐣𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
* ନମସ୍କାର (Odia script)
* ꢥꢪꢱ꣄ꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆤𑆩𑆱𑇀𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖡𑖦𑖭𑖿𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
* නමස‍්කාර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩯𑩴𑪁 𑪙𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚝𑚢𑚨𑚶𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
* நமஸ்கார (Tamil script)
* నమస్కార (Telugu script)
* นมสฺการ (Thai script)
* ན་མ་སྐཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒢𑒧𑒮𑓂𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨝𑨢𑨰𑩇𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From नमस् (námas, “bow, obeisance”) from Proto-Indo-European *némos (“bowing”) + कार (kāra, “action”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /nɐ.mɐs.kɑː.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /n̪ɐ.mɐs̪.kɑː.ɾɐ/

### Noun

नमस्कार • (namaskārá) stem, m
* the exclamation of नमस् (námas); adoration, homage, salutation
    नमस्कारः, नमस्काराः (commonly used as interjection) ― namaskāraḥ, namaskārāḥ ― Greetings!
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* सूर्यनमस्कार (sūryanamaskāra)

#### Descendants

* Pali: namakkāra
** → Thai: นมักการ
* → Sylheti: ꠘꠝꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ (nomośxar)
* → Bengali: নমস্কার (nomoskar)
* → Hindi: नमस्कार (namaskār)
* → Kannada: ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ (namaskāra)
* → Khmer: នមស្ការ (numskaa)
* → Malayalam: നമസ്കാരം (namaskāraṁ)
* → Old Marathi: नमस्कार (namaskāra)
** Marathi: नमस्कार (namaskār)
* → Tamil: நமஸ்காரம் (namaskāram)
* → Telugu: నమస్కారం (namaskāraṁ)
* → Thai: นมัสการ (ná-mát-sà-gaan)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “नमस्कार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 528.