# 罵

| 罵 | U+7F75, &#32629; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F75 |
| ← 罴 [U+7F74] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 罶 → [U+7F76] |

## Translingual
### Han character

罵 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 田中尸手火 (WLSQF), four-corner 6032$_7$, composition ⿱罒馬)

#### Derived characters

* 𡂼, 𢤇, 𭸱, 𧁦, 𦌹

#### Related characters

* 駡 (Variant form)
* 骂 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 949, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28333
* Dae Jaweon: page 1390, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4547, character 8
* Unihan data for U+7F75

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 罵
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 馬 | *mraːʔ |
| 碼 | *mraːʔ |
| 罵 | *mraːʔ, *mraːs |
| 鷌 | *mraːʔ |
| 鰢 | *mraːʔ |
| 瑪 | *mraːʔ |
| 榪 | *mraːs |
| 傌 | *mraːs |
| 禡 | *mraːs |
| 媽 | *maːʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːʔ, *mraːs): semantic 网 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). The original version is 𦋻. See also 詈 (< 𧧧).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mà (ma$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ма (ma, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ma
    (Hailu, HRS): ma$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ma$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): má
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mor$^4$ / ma$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mē / mēe / mā / mǎ / mī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mên$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mo
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mà
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mà
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^4$
*** Yale: mà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mah
*** Palladius: ма (ma)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ма (ma, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ma⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^6$
*** Yale: mah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ma$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: má
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mor$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mo̤̍
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒ⁴²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ma$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ma̍
*** Sinological IPA : /ma⁴²/
* mor4 - vernacular;
* ma4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: maeX, maeH
Rime :
| Character | 罵 | 罵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 莫下切 | 莫駕切 |
| Baxter | maeX | maeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠa$^X$/ | /mˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚa$^X$/ | /mᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ma$^X$/ | /ma$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨ$^X$/ | /maɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ma$^X$/ | /ma$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ma$^X$/ | /ma$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ma$^X$/ | /ma$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǎ | mà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maa$^5$ | maa$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤra-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ/, /*mraːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 罵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.mˁra-s/ |
| English | scold, revile |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 罵 | 罵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8717 | 8721 |
| Phonetic component | 馬 | 馬 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 馬 | 禡 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːʔ/ | /*mraːs/ |
| Notes | 見史記 | 見史記 |

### Definitions

罵
* to chide; to blame
* to curse; to swear
* to scold

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 罵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 罵, 啳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 罵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 罵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 罵 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 罵, 啳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 罵, 噘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 罵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 罵, 通 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 罵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 罵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 抽, 噘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鬧, 㨘, 插, 屌 vulgar |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鬧, 㨘, 插, 屌 vulgar |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 怒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 嗌 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 數 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 嬲 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 罵 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 罵, 嘟 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 鬧 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 罵 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 罵 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 罵, 詈 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 罵, 嚗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 罵, 詈 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 罵, 詈 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 罵, 詈 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 罵 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 罵, 姦 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 罵, 𧮙 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 罵, 咅 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 罵, 咅, 誧咅, 誧倫, 誧罵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 罵 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 罵 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 罵 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 𧮙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𧮙, 謴 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 罵, 咒, 反 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 咒, 罵 |

#### Compounds

* 亂罵 / 乱骂 (luànmà)
* 冷嘲熱罵 / 冷嘲热骂
* 千咒萬罵 / 千咒万骂
* 叱罵 / 叱骂 (chìmà)
* 叫罵 / 叫骂 (jiàomà)
* 呵佛罵祖 / 呵佛骂祖
* 咒罵 / 咒骂 (zhòumà)
* 唾罵 / 唾骂 (tuòmà)
* 嘲罵 / 嘲骂
* 嘲諷漫罵 / 嘲讽漫骂
* 嚷罵 / 嚷骂
* 大罵 / 大骂 (dàmà)
* 嫚罵 / 嫚骂 (mànmà)
* 嬉笑怒罵 / 嬉笑怒骂 (xīxiàonùmà)
* 徐母罵曹 / 徐母骂曹
* 怨世罵時 / 怨世骂时
* 怒罵 / 怒骂 (nùmà)
* 打人罵狗 / 打人骂狗
* 打情罵俏 / 打情骂俏 (dǎqíngmàqiào)
* 打情罵趣 / 打情骂趣
* 打罵 / 打骂 (dǎmà)
* 打罵教育 / 打骂教育
* 打街罵巷 / 打街骂巷
* 拍案怒罵 / 拍案怒骂
* 指桑罵槐 / 指桑骂槐 (zhǐsāngmàhuái)
* 指豬罵狗 / 指猪骂狗
* 指雞罵狗 / 指鸡骂狗
* 挨打受罵 / 挨打受骂
* 挨罵 / 挨骂 (áimà)
* 捉雞罵狗 / 捉鸡骂狗
* 捱罵 / 捱骂
* 擊鼓罵曹 / 击鼓骂曹
* 斥罵 / 斥骂 (chìmà)
* 毆罵 / 殴骂 (ōumà)
* 海罵 / 海骂
* 漫罵 / 漫骂 (mànmà)
* 灌夫罵坐 / 灌夫骂坐
* 當面唾罵 / 当面唾骂
* 痛罵 / 痛骂 (tòngmà)
* 發風罵坐 / 发风骂坐
* 相罵 / 相骂 (xiāngmà)
* 破口大罵 / 破口大骂 (pòkǒudàmà)
* 穢罵 / 秽骂
* 笑罵 / 笑骂
* 笑罵從汝 / 笑骂从汝
* 笑罵由他 / 笑骂由他
* 笞罵 / 笞骂
* 素口罵人 / 素口骂人
* 罵人 / 骂人 (màrén)
* 罵名 / 骂名 (màmíng)
* 罵坐 / 骂坐
* 罵坐灌夫 / 骂坐灌夫
* 罵大街 / 骂大街 (màdàjiē)
* 罵娘 / 骂娘 (màniáng)
* 罵山門 / 骂山门
* 罵戰 / 骂战
* 罵架 / 骂架
* 罵殿 / 骂殿
* 罵毛延壽 / 骂毛延寿
* 罵爺罵媽 / 骂爷骂妈
* 罵罵咧咧 / 骂骂咧咧
* 罵罵括括 / 骂骂括括
* 罵街 / 骂街 (màjiē)
* 罵詈 / 骂詈
* 臭罵 / 臭骂 (chòumà)
* 訶佛罵祖 / 诃佛骂祖
* 詈罵 / 詈骂 (lìmà)
* 詛罵 / 诅骂
* 詬罵 / 诟骂 (gòumà)
* 謾罵 / 谩骂 (mànmà)
* 謾罵叫囂 / 谩骂叫嚣
* 責罵 / 责骂 (zémà)
* 賀后罵殿 / 贺后骂殿
* 辱罵 / 辱骂 (rǔmà)
* 連說帶罵 / 连说带骂
* 開罵 / 开骂 (kāimà)

### References

* “罵”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: め (me)
* Kan-on: ば (ba, Jōyō)
* Kun: ののしる (nonoshiru, 罵る, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 罵
* ば Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 罵 (MC maeX|maeH).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ba̠]

### Affix

罵(ば) • (ba)
* abuse; insult

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 罵 (MC maeX|maeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 마〯 (mǎ) (Yale: mǎ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mɛ(ː)] ~ [me̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [매(ː)/메(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 罵 (eumhun 꾸짖을 매 (kkujijeul mae))
* hanja form of 매 (“to scold”)

#### Compounds

* 매도 (罵倒, maedo)
* 매성 (罵聲, maeseong)
* 모매 (侮罵, momae)
* 타매 (唾罵, tamae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

罵: Hán Nôm readings: mạ, mắng, mà, mựa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.