# πόλεμος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πτόλεμος (ptólemos) — Epic

### Etymology

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, as suggested by πτ/τ variation in its variants.
However, the word has been connected to πάλλω (pállō, “to poise, sway, brandish”), πελεμίζω (pelemízō, “to shake, cause to quiver or tremble, struggle at the bow, in order to bend it”) and perhaps ψάλλω (psállō, “to pluck, twitch a string with the fingers; to sing to a harp, chant praises”), all possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”) (which Beekes finds semantically unconvincing, despite not being particularly farfetched).
Compare Latin pello (“to push, drive, strike; to rout, conquer, defeat; to strike a chord; to touch, move”) and palpo (“to touch softly, stroke, pat, caress”), English feel, Ancient Greek πλήσσω (plḗssō, “to strike, smite”), Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌰 (usfilma, “terrified, appalled”), 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror, dismay”) – quasi analogies to ἐκπλήσσω (ekplḗssō) –, and Russian полох (polox, “fear, fright”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pó.le.mos/ → /ˈpo.le.mos/ → /ˈpo.le.mos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pó.le.mos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpo.le.mos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpo.le.mos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpo.le.mos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpo.le.mos/

### Noun

πόλεμος • (pólemos) m (genitive πολέμου); second declension
* war, battle

#### Derived terms

* βᾰθῠπόλεμος (băthŭpólemos)
* μενεπτόλεμος (meneptólemos)
* πολεμαδόκος (polemadókos)
* πολέμαιγις (polémaigis)
* πολεμαίνετος (polemaínetos)
* πολεμάρχειος (polemárkheios)
* πολεμαρχέω (polemarkhéō)
* πολεμάρχης (polemárkhēs)
* πολεμαρχία (polemarkhía)
* πολεμαρχικός (polemarkhikós)
* πολέμαρχος (polémarkhos)
* πολεμέω (poleméō)
* πολεμηδόκος (polemēdókos)
* πολεμήϊος (polemḗïos)
* πολεμησείω (polemēseíō)
* πολεμητέον (polemētéon)
* πολεμητήριον (polemētḗrion)
* πολεμητής (polemētḗs)
* πολεμητόκος (polemētókos)
* πολεμήτωρ (polemḗtōr)
* πολεμιεῖον (polemieîon)
* πολεμίζω (polemízō)
* πολεμικός (polemikós)
* πολέμιος (polémios)
* πολεμιστήριος (polemistḗrios)
* πολεμιστής (polemistḗs)
* πολεμιστρίς (polemistrís)
* πολεμογράφος (polemográphos)
* πολεμοκέλαδος (polemokélados)
* πολεμόκλονος (polemóklonos)
* πολεμόκραντος (polemókrantos)
* πολεμολαμαχαϊκός (polemolamakhaïkós)
* πόλεμόνδε (pólemónde)
* πολεμοποιέω (polemopoiéō)
* πολεμοποιός (polemopoiós)
* πολεμοτροφέω (polemotrophéō)
* πολεμοφθόρος (polemophthóros)
* πολεμοφόνευτος (polemophóneutos)
* πολεμόφρων (polemóphrōn)
* πολεμόω (polemóō)
* πολεμώδης (polemṓdēs)
* Πολέμων (Polémōn)
* πολεμώνιον (polemṓnion)
* Τληπόλεμος (Tlēpólemos)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πόλεμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1218-9

### Further reading

* “πόλεμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πόλεμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πόλεμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πόλεμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πόλεμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* πόλεμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “πόλεμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4171 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. circumstance idem, page 133.hostility idem, page 407.surrounding idem, page 845.sword idem, page 849.war idem, page 962.warfare idem, page 964.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πόλεμος (pólemos).

### Noun

πόλεμος • (pólemos) m (plural πόλεμοι)
* war
    εμφύλιος πόλεμος ― emfýlios pólemos ― civil war
    ακήρυχτος πόλεμος ― akírychtos pólemos ― undeclared war
    ολοκληρωτικός πόλεμος ― oloklirotikós pólemos ― total war
    ανάπηρος πολέμου ― anápiros polémou ― disabled serviceman

#### Derived terms

* ανταρτοπόλεμος m (antartopólemos, “guerrilla warfare/war”)
* αντιπολεμικός (antipolemikós, “antiwar”, adjective)
* απολέμητος (apolémitos, “uncontested”, adjective)
* απόλεμος (apólemos, “untried in battle”, adjective)
* εμφύλιος πόλεμος m (emfýlios pólemos, “civil war”)

### Further reading

* πόλεμος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$