# judge
## English
### Alternative forms

* judg (obsolete), iudge (obsolete typography)

### Pronunciation

* enPR: jŭj, IPA: /d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌdʒ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English juge, jugge, from Old French juge, from Latin iūdex. Displaced native Middle English deme (from Old English dēma (“judge”)) and demere (from Old English dēmere (“judge”)), see also deemer, deemster.

#### Noun

judge (plural judges)
* A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.
** 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Judicature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence.
* A person who decides the fate of someone or something that has been called into question.
* A person officiating at a sports event, a contest, or similar; referee.
    At a boxing match, the decision of the judges is final.
* A person who evaluates something or forms an opinion.
    She is a good judge of wine.
    They say he is a poor judge of character considering all the unreliable friends he has made.
* (historical, biblical) A shophet, a temporary leader appointed in times of crisis in ancient Israel.

##### Synonyms

* (one who judges in an official capacity): magistrate (now usually of low rank); justice (now usually of high rank); justiciar, justiciary (historic, of high rank); chief justice, Chief Justiciar, Capital Justiciary, Chief Justiciary, justiciar, justiciary (of the highest rank); justicer (obsolete); sheriff, bailiff, reeve (historic or obsolete); doomsman (obsolete)
* (one who judges generally): deemer, deemster

##### Derived terms

* activist judge
* chief judge
* fighting little judge
* from the East German judge
* goal judge
* grave as a judge
* hanging judge
* judge advocate
* judgecraft
* judgeful
* judge, jury and executioner
* judgelike
* judgeling
* judgely
* judge-made
* judge-made law
* judge of fact
* judge-rapporteur
* judgeship
* judgy
* lay judge
* line judge
* no one should be judge in his own cause
* purple judge
* red judge
* sober as a judge
* sub-judge
* tell it to the judge
* touch judge

##### Descendants

* → Assamese: জজ (zoz)
* → Bengali: জজ (joj)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: जज (jaj)
    Urdu: جَج (jaj)
* → Odia: ଜଜ୍ (jaj)
* → Tamil: ஜட்ஜி (jaṭji)
* → Telugu: జడ్జ (jaḍja)

##### Translations

Abkhaz: аӡбаҩ (adzbajʷ)
Afrikaans: regter
Aghwan: 𐔱𐔽𐔰𐕇𐔴𐕃𐕒𐕡𐕘 (bˁax̣eʒ́uġ)
Akkadian: 𒁕𒀀𒀀𒉡𒌝 m (dayyānum)
Albanian: gjykatës (sq) m, gikue f (Gheg), gjyqtar (sq) m
Amharic: ዳኛ (daña)
Arabic: قَاضٍ m (qāḍin), قَاضِيَة f (qāḍiya)
Egyptian Arabic: قاضي m (ʔāḍi)
Hijazi Arabic: قاضي m (gāḍi)
Moroccan Arabic: قاضي m (qāḍi)
Aragonese: chuez
Argobba: ዳኛ (danya)
Armenian: դատավոր (hy) (datavor)
Assamese: হাকিম (hakim), বিচাৰক (bisarok), সোধাৰু (xüdharu), মুঞ্চিফ (muñsiph)
Asturian: xuez (ast) m
Azerbaijani: hakim (az)
Basque: epaile
Belarusian: суддзя́ m or f (suddzjá), судьдзя́ m (sudʹdzjá)
Bengali: বিচারক (bn) (bicarok), জজ (bn) (joj), কাজী (bn) (kaji) (Islamic law)
Breton: barner (br) m
Bulgarian: съдия́ (bg) m (sǎdijá), съди́йка f (sǎdíjka)
Burmese: တရားသူကြီး (my) (ta.ra:su-kri:)
Catalan: jutge (ca) m
Central Melanau: akim
Chechen: суьдхо (südxo), кхелахо (qelaxo)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 法官 (faat$^3$ gun$^1$), 裁判官 (coi$^4$ pun$^3$ gun$^1$)
Hokkien: 法官 (hoat-koaⁿ)
Mandarin: 法官 (zh) (fǎguān), 裁判官 (zh) (cáipànguān)
Chuvash: тӳре (türe)
Crimean Tatar: makemeci
Czech: soudce (cs) m, soudkyně (cs) f (female)
Danish: dommer (da) c
Dutch: rechter (nl) m or f
Egyptian: (sḏmw m)
Elfdalian: duomer m
Erzya: сялдыця (śaldïća)
Esperanto: juĝisto
Estonian: kohtunik
Ewe: ʋɔnudrɔ̃la n
Faroese: dómari m
Finnish: tuomari (fi)
French: juge (fr) m or f
Friulian: judis m
Galician: xuíz (gl) m, xuíza f
Ge'ez: ዳንያ (danya)
Georgian: მოსამართლე (mosamartle)
German: Richter (de) m, Richterin (de) f (female)
Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰 m (staua)
Greek: δικαστής (el) m (dikastís)
Ancient: κριτής m (kritḗs), δικαστής m (dikastḗs)
Greenlandic: eqqartuussisoq
Haitian Creole: jij
Hausa: alƙali
Hebrew: שׁוֹפֵט (he) m (shofét)
Hiligaynon: hukom
Hindi: न्यायाधीश (hi) m (nyāyādhīś), न्यायमूर्ति (nyāymūrti)
Hungarian: bíró (hu), bírónő (hu) (female)
Icelandic: dómari (is) m
Indonesian: hakim (id)
Ingrian: sudja, toomari (obsolete)
Interlingua: judice
Irish: breitheamh (ga) m
Italian: giudice (it) m or f
Japanese: 裁判官 (ja) (さいばんかん, saibankan), 法官 (ja) (ほうかん, hōkan)
Kamba: jaji
Kannada: ತೀರ್ಪುಗಾರ (kn) (tīrpugāra)
Kashmiri: قٲضؠ (qạ̄z')
Kazakh: судья (sudä), сот (sot), би (kk) (bi), қазы (qazy)
Khmer: ចៅក្រម (caw krɑɑm)
Korean: 재판관(裁判官) (ko) (jaepan'gwan), 법관(法官) (ko) (beopgwan)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: dadgêr (ku), dadwer (ku), hakim (ku), qazî (ku)
Kyrgyz: судья (ky) (sudya), сот (ky) (sot)
Ladin: giudesc
Lao: ກວານ (kuān), ຕຸລາການ (tu lā kān)
Latin: iūdex (la) m
Latvian: tiesnesis m, tiesnese f
Lithuanian: teisėjas m, teisėja f
Luhya: jaji, muamuli
Luo: jaji
Luxembourgish: Riichter
Macedonian: судија m or f (sudija), судијка f (sudijka)
Malay: hakim (ms)
Malayalam: ജഡ്ജി (ml) (jaḍji), ന്യായാധിപൻ (ml) (nyāyādhipaṉ)
Maltese: mħallef m, mħallfa f
Maori: kaiwhakawā
Marathi: न्यायाधीश m (nyāyādhīś)
Meru: jaji
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: шүүгч (mn) (šüügč)
Navajo: ánihwiiʼaahii
Norman: juge m or f
Northern Sami: duopmár
Norwegian:
Bokmål: dommer (no) m
Nynorsk: dommar m
Occitan: jutge (oc) m
Ojibwe: dibaakonigewinini
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: сѫдьи m (sǫdĭi), сѫдии m (sǫdii)
Old East Slavic: сꙋди m (sudi), сꙋдии m (sudii), сꙋдиꙗ m (sudija)
Old English: dēma m
Ottoman Turkish: قاضی (kadı)
Pashto: قاضي (ps) m (qāzi), نياوی m (nyāway)
Persian:
Dari: قَاضِی (qāzī)
Iranian Persian: قاضی (fa) (ğâzi), دادْوَر (dâdvar) (archaic), حاکِم (hâkem)
Plautdietsch: Rechta m
Polish: sędzia (pl) m or f, sędzina (pl) f
Portuguese: juiz (pt) m, juíza (pt) f
Romanian: judecător (ro) m, judecătoare (ro) f
Romansch: derschader, derschadra f
Russian: судья́ (ru) m or f (sudʹjá)
Sardinian: giuge
Scottish Gaelic: britheamh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: судија m (Bosnia, Serbia), су́дац m (Croatia)
Roman: sudija (sh) m (Bosnia, Serbia), súdac (sh) m (Croatia)
Sicilian: jùdici (scn)
Sidamo: daanynya
Slovak: sudca m, sudkyňa f
Slovene: sodnik (sl) m, sodnica f
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: sudnik m, sudnikaŕ m, sudnica f
Upper Sorbian: sudnik m, sudnica f
Sotho: moahlodi
Spanish: juez (es) m or f, jueza (es) f, judgador m (disused)
Swahili: hakimu (sw) class ma, jaji (sw) class ma
Swedish: domare (sv) c
Tagalog: hukom, huwes
Tajik: қозӣ (qozi)
Tamil: நீதிபதி (ta) (nītipati)
Tatar: хаким (tt) (xaqim), судья (sud’ya)
Telugu: న్యాయమూర్తి (te) (nyāyamūrti), న్యాయాధిపతి (te) (nyāyādhipati)
Thai: ตุลาการ (th) (dtù-laa-gaan), ผู้พิพากษา (th) (pûu-pí-pâak-sǎa)
Tibetan: ཁྲིམ་དཔོན (khrim dpon), ཁྲིམས་དཔོན (khrims dpon)
Tigrinya: ዳኛ (daña), ፈራዲ (färadi)
Tocharian B: prekṣenta
Turkish: hakim (tr), yargıç (tr)
Turkmen: sudýa, sud
Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎔𐎉 (ṯpṭ)
Ukrainian: суддя́ m or f (suddjá)
Urdu: قاضی m (qāzī), جَج m (jaj)
Uyghur: قازى (qazi), سودىيە (sodiye)
Uzbek: hakam (uz), sudya (uz), sud (uz)
Venetan: xudexe
Vietnamese: thẩm phán (vi), quan tòa, pháp quan
Walloon: djudje (wa) m or f
Welsh: barnwr (cy) m
Yiddish: שופֿט m (shoyfet), ריכטער m (rikhter) :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English jugen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman juger, from Old French jugier, from Latin iūdicāre. Doublet of judicate.
Mostly displaced native deem.

#### Verb

judge (third-person singular simple present judges, present participle judging, simple past and past participle judged)
* (transitive) To sit in judgment on; to pass sentence on (a person or matter).
    A higher power will judge you after you are dead.
* (intransitive) To sit in judgment, to act as judge.
    Justices in this country judge without appeal.
* (transitive) To judicially rule or determine.
* (transitive, obsolete) To sentence to punishment, to judicially condemn.
    He was judged to die for his crimes.
* (transitive, obsolete) To award judicially; to adjudge.
* (transitive) To form an opinion on; to appraise.
    I judge a man’s character by the cut of his suit.
** c. 1921, Michael Collins, after the Anglo-Irish Treaty:
    Let us be judged for what we attempted rather than what we achieved.
* (transitive, obsolete) To constitute a fitting appraisal or criterion of; to provide a basis for forming an opinion on.
** c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:Noble and milde this Perſean ſeemes to be, If outward habit Iudge the inward man.
* (intransitive) To arbitrate; to pass opinion on something, especially to settle a dispute etc.
    We cannot both be right: you must judge between us.
* (transitive) To have as an opinion; to consider, suppose.
    I judge it safe to leave the house once again.
* (transitive, intransitive) To form an opinion; to infer.
    I judge from the sky that it might rain later.
** 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:THE sun was up so high when I waked that I judged it was after eight o'clock.
* (transitive, intransitive) To criticize or label another person or thing; to be judgmental toward.
** 1993, Aerosmith, Livin' on the Edge:There's something wrong with the world today; the light bulb's getting dim. There's meltdown in the sky. If you can judge a wise man by the color of his skin, Mister, you're a better man than I
* (transitive, intransitive) To govern as biblical judge or shophet (over some jurisdiction).
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 10:3:And after him aroſe Iair a Gileadite, and iudged Iſrael twentie and two yeeres.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 12:11:And after him, Elon, a Zebulonite iudged Israel, and he iudged Israel ten yeeres.

##### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:deem

##### Derived terms

* don't judge a book by its cover
* forejudge
* misjudge
* never judge a book by its cover
* unjudge
* you can't judge a book by its cover

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* abjudge
* abjudicate
* adjudicate
* judgment
* judicator
* judicial
* judiciary
* prejudice
* magistrate