# 苗

| 苗 | U+82D7, &#33495; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82D7 |
| ← 苖 [U+82D6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 苘 → [U+82D8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

苗 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿田 (TW), four-corner 4460$_0$, composition ⿱艹田)

#### Derived characters

* 㑤, 喵, 媌, 描, 渵, 瞄, 䅦, 緢(𰬬), 貓(猫), 錨(锚), 鶓(鹋), 庿
* 𪣲, 𱞭, 𣈴, 𬃝, 𤋙, 𤚐, 𮵝, 𬉙, 𦏒, 𮬂, 𪃞, 𩳸
* 𫿁, 𣬍, 𠣯, 𫳝, 𠪄, 𤸠, 𦱓, 𮏥, 𧍣, 𮒡, 𧓵

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1022, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30781
* Dae Jaweon: page 1481, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3191, character 2
* Unihan data for U+82D7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 苗 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 貓 | *mreːw, *mrew |
| 描 | *mreːw, *mrew |
| 媌 | *mreːw, *mreːwʔ |
| 緢 | *mreːwʔ, *mreːws, *mrew |
| 苗 | *mrew |
| 猫 | *mrew |
| 庿 | *mrews |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 艸 (“grass”) + 田 (“field”).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rəw (“grain; seed; lineage”) (STEDT); see 物 (OC *mɯd, “thing, matter, substance”) for more cognates.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): miáo (miao$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄠˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): miao$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): miu$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): miau$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mieu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mèu
    (Hailu, HRS): miau
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miau$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): miau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): miâu
* Eastern Min (BUC): mièu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bieo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): biâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miou$^5$ / miao$^5$ / bhiê$^5$ / bhio$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): miao$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): miu$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$miau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): miau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miáo
*** Wade–Giles: miao$^2$
*** Yale: myáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miau
*** Palladius: мяо (mjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miáor
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miáor
*** Wade–Giles: miao$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: myáur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miaul
*** Palladius: мяор (mjaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: miao$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miao
*** Sinological IPA : /miau²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: miu$^4$
*** Yale: mìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: miu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: miu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːu̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: miau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbiau²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /miɛu³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: meu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: miau
*** Sinological IPA: /miau⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: miau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /miau¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: miau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /miau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miâu
*** Sinological IPA : /miau³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mièu
*** Sinological IPA : /mieu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bá̤u
*** Sinological IPA : /pieu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biâu
*** Tâi-lô: biâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biau²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: miou$^5$ / miao$^5$ / bhiê$^5$ / bhio$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miôu / miâu / biê / biô
*** Sinological IPA : /miou⁵⁵/, /miau⁵⁵/, /bie⁵⁵/, /bio⁵⁵/
* miou5, bhiê5 - Chaozhou;
* miao5, bhio5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang;
* miou5/miao5 - surname.
* Middle Chinese: mjew
Rime :
| Character | 苗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武瀌切 |
| Baxter | mjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miaw/ |
| Li Rong | /mjɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | miu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mrew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 苗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | miáo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*m(r)aw/ |
| English | sprout (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 苗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9108 |
| Phonetic component | 苗 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 苗 |
| Old Chinese | /*mrew/ |

#### Definitions

苗
* seedling; shoot; sprout (Classifier: 株; 根)
    麥苗／麦苗 ― màimiáo ― wheat seedling
    蒜苗 ― suànmiáo ― garlic shoot
    間苗／间苗 ― jiànmiáo ― to thin out seedlings
* shoot-like object
    火苗 ― huǒmiáo ― tongue of flame
* descendant (of a family); offspring
    獨苗／独苗 ― dúmiáo ― only child
* symptom (of a trend)
    苗頭／苗头 ― miáotóu ― symptom of a trend; first signs
    礦苗／矿苗 ― kuàngmiáo ― outcrop
* young (of an animal)
    魚苗／鱼苗 ― yúmiáo ― fry (young fish)
* Short for 疫苗 (yìmiáo, “vaccine”).
    卡介苗 ― kǎjièmiáo ― Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine
* the Miao peoples (including Hmong, Hmu, A-Hmao, Qo Xiong, etc.)
    苗語／苗语 ― miáoyǔ ― Miao languages
    苗繡／苗绣 ― miáoxiù ― Miao embroidery
* a surname
    苗翠花 ― Miáo Cuìhuā ― Miu Tsui-fa (mother of fictional martial artist Fong Sai-yuk)

##### Synonyms

* (descendant):
* 下輩 / 下辈 (xiàbèi)
* 仔孫 / 仔孙 (zai$^2$ syun$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 兒孫 / 儿孙 (érsūn)
* 囝孫 / 囝孙 (Min)
* 子孫 / 子孙 (zǐsūn)
* 子胤 (zǐyìn) (literary)
* 孫子 / 孙子 (literary)
* 後人 / 后人 (hòurén)
* 後代 / 后代 (hòudài)
* 後嗣 / 后嗣 (hòusì)
* 後生 / 后生 (hòushēng) (literary)
* 後裔 / 后裔 (hòuyì)
* 根 (gēn) (figurative)
* 緒餘 / 绪余 (xùyú) (literary)
* 遺裔 / 遗裔 (yíyì) (literary)
* 餘緒 / 余绪 (yúxù) (literary)
* (symptom of a trend):
* 徵候兒 / 征候儿 (zhēnghour) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 意思
* 景象 (jǐngxiàng) (literary)
* 眉目 (méimu)
* 端倪 (duānní)
* 線索 / 线索 (xiànsuǒ)
* 跡象 / 迹象 (jìxiàng)
* 頭緒 / 头绪 (tóuxù)
* 頭路 / 头路 (tóulù) (colloquial)

#### Compounds

* 三苗 (Sānmiáo)
* 事苗
* 互別苗頭 / 互别苗头
* 保苗 (bǎomiáo)
* 全苗
* 出苗 (chūmiáo)
* 別苗頭 / 别苗头 (biémiáotóu)
* 卡介苗 (kǎjièmiáo)
* 口是心苗
* 口服疫苗
* 嘉苗
* 場苗 / 场苗
* 壯苗 / 壮苗
* 夏苗
* 嫩苗
* 孽苗
* 定苗
* 寶苗 / 宝苗
* 山苗
* 幼苗 (yòumiáo)
* 心苗
* 恩施土家族苗族自治州 (Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu)
* 情苗
* 愁苗
* 拔苗助長 / 拔苗助长 (bámiáozhùzhǎng)
* 括苗
* 揠苗
* 揠苗助長 / 揠苗助长 (yàmiáozhùzhǎng)
* 放青苗 (fàngqīngmiáo)
* 新苗 (xīnmiáo)
* 旱苗 (hànmiáo)
* 旱苗得雨
* 昆苗
* 時苗 / 时苗
* 月苗苗
* 有根有苗
* 有苗
* 有苗頭 / 有苗头
* 村苗
* 枝苗
* 枯苗
* 根苗 (gēnmiáo)
* 格苗
* 條苗 / 条苗
* 植苗
* 楚苗
* 樹苗 / 树苗 (shùmiáo)
* 沙克疫苗
* 沙賓疫苗 / 沙宾疫苗
* 油苗
* 活性疫苗
* 混合疫苗
* 漢苗 / 汉苗
* 火苗 (huǒmiáo)
* 煙苗 / 烟苗
* 熟苗
* 燈苗 / 灯苗
* 牛痘苗 (niúdòumiáo)
* 牻牛兒苗 / 牻牛儿苗
* 狆苗
* 獨根苗 / 独根苗
* 獨苗 / 独苗 (dúmiáo)
* 獨苗苗 / 独苗苗
* 玉苗
* 玉雞苗 / 玉鸡苗
* 現世生苗 / 现世生苗
* 生苗
* 田苗
* 疫苗 (yìmiáo)
* 痘苗 (dòumiáo)
* 白喉疫苗
* 直苗苗
* 礦苗 / 矿苗
* 禍苗 / 祸苗
* 禾苗 (hémiáo)
* 秋苗
* 秧苗 (yāngmiáo)
* 稻苗 (dàomiáo)
* 窮苗苦根 / 穷苗苦根
* 箭苗
* 老苗
* 育苗 (yùmiáo)
* 花苗 (huāmiáo)
* 苗人 (miáorén)
* 苗信
* 苗兒 / 苗儿
* 苗嗣
* 苗圃 (miáopǔ)
* 苗子 (miáozi)
* 苗床 (miáochuáng)
* 苗扈
* 苗文 (miáowén)
* 苗族 (Miáozú)
* 苗木 (miáomù)
* 苗末
* 苗栗 (Miáolì)
* 苗條 / 苗条 (miáotiáo)
* 苗民
* 苗父
* 苗狩
* 苗瑤語族 / 苗瑶语族
* 苗田
* 苗疆 (Miáojiāng)
* 苗稼
* 苗米
* 苗緒 / 苗绪
* 苗而不秀
* 苗胄
* 苗胤 (miáoyìn)
* 苗脈 / 苗脉
* 苗茨
* 苗薑 / 苗姜
* 苗薅
* 苗裔 (miáoyì)
* 苗語 / 苗语 (miáoyǔ)
* 苗頭 / 苗头 (miáotou)
* 草苗
* 荻苗
* 蒜苗 (suànmiáo)
* 蒐苗
* 蟶苗 / 蛏苗
* 見世生苗 / 见世生苗
* 豆苗 (dòumiáo)
* 豌豆苗
* 買青苗 / 买青苗
* 蹲苗
* 遐苗
* 遺苗 / 遗苗
* 金苗
* 鈍根苗 / 钝根苗
* 銀苗 / 银苗
* 銀苗菜 / 银苗菜
* 鋤苗 / 锄苗
* 閒苗 / 闲苗
* 雲苗 / 云苗
* 露苗 (lòumiáo)
* 靈苗 / 灵苗
* 青苗 (qīngmiáo)
* 青苗法
* 青苗錢 / 青苗钱
* 食苗
* 養苗 / 养苗
* 餘苗 / 余苗
* 魚苗 / 鱼苗 (yúmiáo)
* 麥苗 / 麦苗 (màimiáo)
* 黍苗
* 黎苗
* 鼠苗
* 鼻苗

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 苗 – see 鱙. (This character is a variant form of 鱙).

### References

* “苗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “苗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* seedling; young plant

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)
* Kun: なえ (nae, 苗, Jōyō)、なわ (nawa, 苗, Jōyō $^†$)、かり (kari)

#### Compounds

* 苗裔(びょうえい) (byōei)
* 苗圃(びょうほ) (byōho)
* 苗栗(びょうりつ) (byōritsu)
* 育苗(いくびょう) (ikubyō)
* 種苗(しゅびょう) (shubyō)
* 痘苗(とうびょう) (Tōbyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 苗
* なえ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *napay.
Apophonic form of 苗(なわ) (nawa, “seedling”, bound form, only used in compounds), similar to nouns such as 神 (kami, kan-, kamu-, “god”) and 目 (me, ma-, “eye”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なえ [náꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [na̠e̞]

#### Noun

苗(なえ) • (nae)
* seedling; young plant

##### Derived terms

* 苗木(なえぎ) (naegi)
* 苗床(なえとこ) (naetoko)
* 早苗(さなえ) (sanae)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

苗 (eumhun 모 묘 (mo myo))
* hanja form of 묘 (“sprouts”)
* hanja form of 묘 (“Miao people”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

苗: Hán Nôm readings: meo, miêu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.