# hawk
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) enPR: hôk, IPA: /hɔːk/
* (US) enPR: hôk, IPA: /hɔk/
** (cot–caught merger) enPR: häk IPA: /hɑk/
*** Audio (US):(file)
* (Canada) IPA: [hɔ(ː)k]
* Rhymes: -ɔːk
* Homophone: hock (cot–caught merger)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English hauk, hauke, hawke, havek, from Old English hafoc (“hawk”), from Proto-West Germanic *habuk, from Proto-Germanic *habukaz, controversially derived from a Proto-Indo-European *kopuǵos, perhaps ultimately derived from *keh₂p- (“seize”).
See also West Frisian hauk, German Low German Haavke, Dutch havik, German Habicht, Swedish hök, Danish høg, Norwegian Bokmål hauk, Norwegian Nynorsk hauk, Faroese heykur, Icelandic haukur, Finnish haukka, Estonian haugas; also Latin capys, capus (“bird of prey”), Albanian gabonjë, shkabë (“eagle”), Russian ко́бец (kóbec, “falcon”), Polish kobuz (“Eurasian Hobby”)).

#### Noun

hawk (plural hawks)
* A diurnal predatory bird of the family Accipitridae, smaller than an eagle.
    It is illegal to hunt hawks or other raptors in many parts of the world.
** c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 63, lines 47–48:He made his hawke to fly, With hogeous showte and cry.
* Any diurnal predatory terrestrial bird of similar size and appearance to the accipitrid hawks, such as a falcon.
* (entomology) Any of various species of dragonfly of the genera Apocordulia and Austrocordulia, endemic to Australia.
* (politics) An advocate of aggressive political positions and actions. [from 1962]
    Synonyms: warmonger, war hawk
    Antonym: dove
** 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 106:A hawk by nature, Ellenborough strongly favoured presenting St Petersburg with an ultimatum warning that any further incursions into Persia would be regarded as a hostile act.
** 2012 October 11 [1962], Michael Dobbs, quoting McGeorge Bundy, “The original hawks and doves”, in Foreign Policy‎:“Everybody knows who were the hawks and who were the doves,” Bundy told the ExComm on the morning of October 28, after Khrushchev announced that he was withdrawing his missiles. “Today was the day of the doves.”
** 2019, “The World in 2020”, in The Economist:President Donald Trump has spent years playing the role of a China hawk.
* (game theory) An uncooperative or purely selfish participant in an exchange or game, especially when untrusting, acquisitive or treacherous. Refers specifically to the prisoner's dilemma, a.k.a. the Hawk-Dove game.
    Antonym: dove
* (US, especially Chicago, and nationwide in African-American, often with "the") Cold, sharp or biting wind.
** 2000 September 26, William Anderson, A Season of Flames, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 27:[…] take-out sandwich from Arnie's on Jackson, then a brisk walk to Michigan Avenue in the face of the "Hawk," blowing newspapers and skirts and the gulls wheeling over the Michigan Avenue Bridge in front of […]
** 2002 June 25, Charles W. Dryden, A-Train: Memoirs of a Tuskegee Airman, University of Alabama Press, →ISBN, page 215:[…] a hand-fired coal furnace that required little attention and kept the cottage coy in spite of "the hawk" blowing icy blasts outside. So in spite of Thumper's continuing discomfort we enjoyed a fairly merry Christmas. But then the base daily bulletin was published with the roster of OGs (officers of the guard) for the […]
** 2007 December 1, Gay G. Gunn, Pride and Joi, Kensington Books, →ISBN, page 47:I wanna learn by Ruby's birthday party." Pride turned up his collar against the hawk blowing from the river."
** 2017 May 30, Samantha Irby, We Are Never Meeting in Real Life.: Essays, Vintage, →ISBN, page 95:[…] in Chicago […] I can't help but love winter and fall. Mostly fall, because fuck snow, and that hawk blowing off the lake is enough to make your teeth drop right out of your skull , but winter can be kind of okay if it doesn't snow a whole lot and no one asks me to go sledding or do some other Hallmark-movie nonsense.

##### Hyponyms

* African harrier hawk
* aspere-hawk
* ball hawk
* bat hawk
* bay-winged hawk
* bee hawk
* bicoloured hawk
* bird hawk
* black hawk
* blue hawk
* broad-winged hawk
* brown hawk
* bush hawk
* buteo hawk
* buzzard hawk
* carrion hawk
* cherry hawk
* chicken hawk, chicken-hawk, chickenhawk
* cliff hawk
* common black hawk
* Cooper's hawk
* crane hawk
* crested hawk
* Cuban black hawk
* cuckoo hawk
* deficit hawk
* dor-hawk, dorhawk, dorrhawk
* dove hawk
* duck hawk, duck-hawk
* eagle hawk, eagle-hawk, eaglehawk
* fauxhawk
* ferruginous hawk
* fire hawk
* fish hawk, fish-hawk, fishhawk
* Galápagos hawk
* game hawk
* gnat hawk, gnat-hawk
* gopher hawk
* grasshopper hawk
* gray hawk, grey hawk
* gray-lined hawk, grey-lined hawk
* great black hawk
* great-footed hawk
* Gundlach's hawk
* Harlan's hawk
* Harlan's red-tailed hawk
* harrier hawk
* Harris's hawk
* Hawaiian hawk
* hen hawk, hen-hawk
* hobby hawk
* hover-hawk
* jack-hawk
* jashawk
* Jayhawk
* jiddy hawk
* killy hawk
* kitchen hawk
* kite hawk
* kitty hawk
* Krider's hawk
* lark-hawk
* liberal hawk
* long-tailed hawk
* Lucifer hawk
* make-hawk
* mangrove black hawk
* man-of-war hawk
* mar-hawk
* market-hawk
* marsh hawk
* meadowhawk
* molly hawk
* moor hawk
* mosquito hawk
* moth-hawk
* mountain hawk
* mouse hawk, mouse-hawk
* mullet hawk
* news-hawk, newshawk
* night hawk, night-hawk
* pap-hawk
* partridge-hawk
* passage hawk
* peregrine hawk
* perry hawk
* pigeon hawk, pigeon-hawk
* plain-breasted hawk
* pondhawk
* prairie hawk
* quail hawk
* red hawk
* red-shouldered hawk
* red-tailed hawk
* Ridgway's hawk
* ringtail hawk
* rock hawk
* rook hawk
* rough-legged hawk
* rufous-thighed hawk
* savanna hawk
* screech hawk, screech-hawk
* sea hawk, sea-hawk
* semicollared hawk
* sharp-shinned hawk
* shite-hawk
* short-tailed hawk
* shower hawk
* skeeter hawk
* small-bird-hawk
* smoke hawk (Circus assimilis)
* snake hawk
* snipe hawk
* sparrow hawk, sparrow-hawk, sparrowhawk
* squirrel hawk
* stand hawk
* stannel hawk
* star-hawk
* stone hawk
* Swainson's hawk
* swallow-tailed hawk
* tarantula hawk
* tiny hawk
* vanner hawk
* war hawk, war-hawk
* whistling hawk
* white-breasted hawk
* white hawk
* white-throated hawk
* zone-tailed hawk

##### Derived terms

* African harrier-hawk
* ballhawk
* Berigora hawk
* between hawk and buzzard
* blue hen-hawk
* blue marsh hawk
* budget hawk
* changeable hawk-eagle
* chickenhawk
* cicada hawk
* climate hawk
* common hawk-cuckoo
* crested hawk-eagle
* cuckoo-hawk
* dorhawk
* duck-hawk
* duskhawk
* eagle-hawk
* eaglehawk
* fish-hawk
* fishhawk
* flyhawk
* grasshawk
* green marsh hawk
* gunhawk
* harrier-hawk
* have eyes like a hawk
* hawk-beaked
* hawkbell
* hawk-billed
* hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx)
* hawk-dove game
* hawk eagle/hawk-eagle
* hawked
* hawker
* Hawkery
* hawkery
* Hawk-Eye
* hawk eye/hawk-eye/hawk-eyed
* hawk-faced
* hawkfish
* hawk fly/hawk-fly
* hawk-headed parrot
* hawkish
* hawkishness
* hawkism
* hawkist
* hawk-kite
* hawkless
* hawklet
* hawklike
* hawk-like, hawklike
* hawkling
* hawkmoth
* hawk moth, hawk-moth, hawkmoth
* hawknose
* hawk-nose
* hawknosed
* hawk-nosed
* hawk nose, hawk-nose, hawknose
* hawk-nut, hawknut
* hawk of the fist
* hawk of the lure
* hawk of the sea
* hawk of the soar
* hawk-owl
* hawk owl, hawk-owl
* hawk-parrot
* hawksbeard
* hawk's beard, hawk's-beard, hawksbeard
* hawk's bell
* hawk's bill, hawksbill
* hawk's-bill turtle, hawksbill turtle
* hawk's eye, hawk's-eye
* hawk's-feet
* hawk's-foot
* hawk's meat
* hawk swallow, hawk-swallow
* hawkweed
* Hawkwing
* hawkwise
* hawky
* hen-hawk
* know a hawk from a handsaw
* like a hawk
* like a mother hawk
* newshawk
* nighthawk
* northern hawk owl
* ornate hawk-eagle
* parahawk
* pigeonhawk
* privet hawk moth
* puttock
* red-backed hawk
* roadside hawk
* rufous-tailed hawk
* screech-hawk
* seahawk
* shitehawk
* spar-hawk
* sparrowhawk
* watch (someone or something) like a hawk
* Whitehawk
* white-rumped hawk
* white-tailed hawk

##### Related terms

* creshawk
* goshawk
* sparhawk

##### Related terms

* creshawk
* goshawk
* sparhawk

##### Descendants

* Sranan Tongo: aka

##### Translations

Afrikaans: hawik
Ainu: タカ (taka)
Albanian: skifter (sq) m, gjeraqinë (sq) f
Arabic: صَقْر (ar) m (ṣaqr), بَاز m (bāz)
Egyptian Arabic: صقر m (ṣaʔr)
Armenian: բազե (hy) (baze)
Assamese: শেন (xen), চিলনী (siloni)
Asturian: ferre (ast) m
Bashkir: ҡарсыға (qarsığa)
Belarusian: я́страб m (jástrab)
Breton: gwalc’h m
Bulgarian: я́стреб (bg) m (jástreb)
Catalan: falcó (ca) m; aligot (ca) m
Cebuano: banog
Cherokee: ᏔᏬᏗ (tawodi)
Cheyenne: aénohe
Chinese:
Eastern Min: 老鷂 / 老鹞 (lâu-iŏh)
Mandarin: 鷹 / 鹰 (zh) (yīng)
Crimean Tatar: atmaca , qırğıy
Czech: jestřáb (cs) m
Danish: høg (da) c
Dutch: havik (nl) m
Egyptian: (ṯnḥr)
Erzya: вадов (vadov)
Esperanto: akcipitro
Estonian: haugas
Even: гякан (gẹkan)
Faroese: heykur m
Finnish: haukka (fi)
Georgian: შევარდენი (ševardeni)
German: Habicht (de) m
Greek: γεράκι (el) n (geráki)
Ancient: ἱέραξ m (hiérax), κίρκος m (kírkos), πέρκος m (pérkos), τριόρχης m (triórkhēs)
Greenlandic: kissavik
Hausa: shaho (ha)
Hebrew: נֵץ (he) m (netz)
Higaonon: banog
Hindi: श्येन (hi) m (śyen), बाज़ m (bāz)
Hungarian: héja (hu)
Icelandic: haukur (is) m
Ido: falkono (io)
Indonesian: rajawali (id)
Ingrian: sakkeli, haukka (rare)
Irish: seabhac (ga) m
Italian: falco (it) m, sparviero (it) m, sparviere (it) m
Japanese: 鷹 (ja) (たか, taka), タカ (ja) (taka)
Karachay Balkar: къыртчыгъа (qırtçığa), картчыгъа (kartçığa)
Kazakh: қаршыға (qarşyğa)
Khakas: хартыға (xartığa)
Korean: 매 (ko) (mae)
Latgalian: vonogs m
Latin: accipiter m, astur m
Latvian: vanags m
Lithuanian: vanagas (lt) m
Livvi: haukku
Low German:
German Low German: Haavk m, Hoovk m, Haav m, Hoov m, Haavke m
Macedonian: јастреб m (jastreb)
Malay: rajawali
Manx: shawk m
Maori: kāhu
Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
Nanai: гихон (gihon)
Negidal: ге̄хин (gēxin)
Nivkh: ӈайс (ŋajs)
Nogai: каршыга (karşıga)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: hauk (no) m
Nynorsk: hauk (no) m
Occitan: falcon (oc) m
Ojibwe: gekek
Old English: hafoc m
Ottoman Turkish: طوغان (doğan)
Pali: sena m
Persian: باز (fa) (bâz), شاهین (fa) (šâhin), قوش (fa) (quš)
Phoenician: 𐤑𐤑 (ṣṣ /⁠ṣuṣ⁠/)
Plautdietsch: Hofkje f
Polabian: ofkă f
Polish: jastrząb (pl) m
Portuguese: gavião (pt) m
Quechua: waman (qu)
Romanian: uliu (ro) m
Russian: я́стреб (ru) m (jástreb)
S'gaw Karen: လံာ် (leẹ)
Sanskrit: श्येन (sa) m (śyena)
Saterland Frisian: Hauk m
Scottish Gaelic: clamhan m, seabhag f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: јастреб m
Roman: jastreb (sh) m
Shona: rukodzi
Shor: қартыға
Sindhi: باز
Slovak: jastrab (sk) m
Slovene: jastreb (sl) m
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: jastśeb m
Upper Sorbian: jatřob m
Southern Altai: карчага (karčaga)
Spanish: azor (es) m, gavilán (es) m, halcón (es) m
Swahili: kipanga
Swedish: hök (sv) c
Tagalog: lawin
Tamil: பருந்து (ta) (paruntu)
Taos: tòkeną
Tarifit: tamedda f, asiwan m
Tatar: карчыга (tt) (qarçığa)
Tausug: sambulaan
Telugu: డేగ (te) (ḍēga), శ్యేనము (te) (śyēnamu)
Thai: เหยี่ยว (th) (yìao)
Turkish: atmaca (tr)
Turkmen: gyrgy
Tuvan: хартыга (xartıga)
Ukrainian: я́струб (uk) m (jástrub)
Urdu: باز (bāz), شاہین (śāhīn), عقاب ('uqāb), چیل (cīl)
Uzbek: qarchigʻay (uz)
Veps: habuk
Vietnamese: chim ưng, diều hâu (vi)
Volapük: hauk (vo)
Votic: haukkõ
Welsh: gwalch m, hebog m, hebogau m pl
West Frisian: hauk c
Yakut: кыырт (kıırt) , хардааччы (qardaaccı)
Yiddish: פֿאַלק m (falk), האַביכט m (habikht) (Daytshmerish, rare)
Zazaki: bāze
Zulu: uhele (zu) class 11/10 :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)
* (transitive) To hunt with a hawk.
** c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 9–10:To hawke, or els to hunt From the auter to the funt
** 2003, Brenda Joyce, House of Dreams, page 175:He rode astride while hawking; she falconed in the ladylike position of sidesaddle.
* (intransitive) To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk.
    to hawk at flies
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:A falcon, towering in her pride of place, / Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed.
** 1687,, “(please specify the page number)”, in The Hind and the Panther. A Poem, in Three Parts, 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:But whether upward to the moon they go, Or dream the winter out in caves below, Or hawk at flies elsewhere
** 1999, Simpson and Day, The Birds of Australia, page 366:Dollarbirds hawk from high bare branches.

##### Derived terms

* hawk after
* hawk at
* hawk for
* hawker
* hawking

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Uncertain; perhaps from Middle English hache (“battle-axe”), or from a variant use of the above, for this compare with Russian со́кол (sókol, “falcon, but also a hawk (plaster's tool), mortarboard”).

#### Noun

hawk (plural hawks)
* A plasterer's tool, made of a flat surface with a handle below, used to hold an amount of plaster prior to application to the wall or ceiling being worked on: a mortarboard.
    Synonym: mortarboard

##### Derived terms

* hawk boy, hawk-boy

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Back-formation of hawker.

#### Verb

hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)
* (transitive) To sell; to offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle.
    The vendors were hawking their wares from little tables lining either side of the market square.
** 1713, Jonathan Swift, Imitation of Horace, Book I. Ep. VII:His works were hawked in every street.

##### Derived terms

* hawked
* hawkery
* hawking
* hawky

##### Related terms

* hawker

##### Translations
### Etymology 4

Probably imitative, like hock (“cough”), hack (“cough”), although see the latter entry for more.

#### Noun

hawk (plural hawks)
* A noisy effort to force up phlegm from the throat.
    Synonym: hawking

##### Translations
#### Verb

hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)
* (transitive, intransitive) To expectorate, to cough up (something, such as mucus) from one's throat; to produce (something) by coughing or clearing one's throat.
    to hawk a loogie
** c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii:[I]s a trobled with the cough a the Lunges ſtill? does he hawke anights ſtill?
** 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, chapter 117, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:He hawked up, with incredible straining, the interjection ah!
** 1953, Saul Bellow, chapter 3, in The Adventures of Augie March, New York: Viking Press, →OCLC:He had a new tough manner of pulling down breath and hawking into the street.
* (transitive, intransitive) To try to cough up something from one's throat; to clear the throat loudly; to cough heavily, especially causing uvular frication.
    Grandpa sat on the front porch, hawking and wheezing, as he packed his pipe with cheap tobacco.

##### Derived terms

* hawk tuah
* hawking (noun)

##### Translations
### See also

* Hawkshaw, hawkshaw
* Hawkubite
* winkle-hawk

### Further reading

* hawk on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ “hawk”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present., cf “hock”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. and this MW discussion of hawk-vs-hock

### Anagrams

* Khaw

## Manx
### Noun

hawk
* Lenited form of shawk.