OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# latać
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lětati, frequentative from *letěti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.tat͡ɕ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ˈla.tat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: la‧tać

### Verb

latać impf (indeterminate, imperfective determinate lecieć, perfective polecieć)
* (intransitive) to fly (to travel through the air)
* (colloquial, intransitive) to be on the run; to go from place to place in a hurried manner
    Cały dzień latam, żeby załatwić ten wyjazd. ― I've been on the run the whole day to sort out this trip.
* (intransitive, Żywiec) Synonym of biegać

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* latać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* latać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Izydor Kopernicki (1875) “latać”, in “Spostrzeżenia nad właściwościami językowémi w mowie Górali Bieskidowych z dodatkiem słowniczka wyrazów góralskich”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I), volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 372
# قورشون
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* قورشوم (kurşum)

### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *qorɣušïn (“lead”), from Proto-Turkic *korguĺčïn (“lead”); cognate with Azerbaijani qurğuşun, Bashkir ҡурғаш (qurğaş), Karakhanid قُرُغْژٖينْ, Kazakh қорғасын (qorğasyn), Kyrgyz коргошун (korgoşun), Uyghur قوغۇشۇن (qoghushun) and Uzbek qoʼrgʼoshin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kuɾˈʃun]
* Hyphenation: قور‧شون

### Noun

قورشون • (kurşun)
* lead, a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal
    Synonyms: اسرب (usrub), رصاص (rasas)
* bullet, a projectile shot from a gun at high speed
    Synonym: مرمی (mermi)
* black lead or graphite points for pencils

#### Derived terms

* قورشونجی (kurşuncu, “caster of lead”)
* قورشونلتمق (kurşunlatmak, “to be sealed with lead”)
* قورشونلمق (kurşunlamak, “to seal with lead”)
* قورشونلو (kurşunlu, “mixed with lead”)
* قورشونی (kurşuni, “pertaining to lead”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kurşun
* Gagauz: kurşum
* → Armenian: խուռշին (xuṙšin)
* → Bulgarian: куршу́м (kuršúm)
* → Macedonian: куршум (kuršum)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ку̀ршум
    Latin script: kùršum

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kurşun”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2849
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قورشون”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 373b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قورشون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 979
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Plumbum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1309
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قورشون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3788
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kurşun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قورشون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1483
# papaveres
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /paˈpaː.u̯e.reːs/, [päˈpäːu̯ɛreːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /paˈpa.ve.res/, [päˈpäːveres]

### Noun

papāverēs
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of papāver
# ინჯირს
## Laz
### Alternative forms

* ინჯიჲ (inciy) — Vizha, Artasheni, only for the sense to sleep
* ინჯის (incis) — alternative spelling

### Etymology

From ი- (i-) +‎ ნჯირ- (ncir-, “to sleep”) +‎ -ს (-s), Inherited from Proto-Georgian-Zan *ʒ₁in- (“to sleep, fall asleep”), contaminated with the related ნჯირი (nciri).

### Verb

ინჯირს • (incirs) (Latin spelling incirs, verbal noun ონჯირუ)
* (dialectal, Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa–Batumi, Chkhala) to lie down, to go to bed, to go to sleep, to lie
    Synonym: დიჯინენ (dicinen)
    მჩხვაფა ტარონეფეზ გვერდი ტეტელი ინჯირნანmçxvapa ťaronepez gverdi ťeťeli incirnanThey lie half naked in hot weather
* (dialectal, Atina, Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa–Batumi, Chkhala) to sleep, to go to sleep
    ქოთუმეფექ სერი ოქოთუმალეზ ინჯირნანkotumepek seri okotumalez incirnanChickens sleep in the hen house at night

#### Usage notes

* In Central and Eastern dialects, one verb is used for the "to lie" and "to sleep", but in Western dialects, these two meanings expressed with two verb: დიჯინენ (dicinen, “to lie”) and ინჯირს (incirs, “to sleep”).

### Further reading

* Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “incirs”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
* Tandilava, Ali (2013) “ონჯირუ”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni [Laz Dictionary]‎, online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi
# Góis
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* Goes (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɔjs/ [ˈɡɔɪ̯s]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɔjs/ [ˈɡɔɪ̯s]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈɡɔjʃ/ [ˈɡɔɪ̯ʃ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡɔjʃ/
* Audio (Portugal):(file)
* Homophone: Góes

### Proper noun

Góis
* A village and municipality of Coimbra district, Portugal

#### Derived terms

* goiense

### Proper noun

Góis m or f by sense
* a surname

#### Derived terms

* cobogó
# létati
## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lětati, frequentative from *letěti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈlɛːtaci/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈliːtaci/

### Verb

létati impf
* iterative of letěti
* to fly
    Pták léce křídloma.The bird flies with its wings.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | supine | verbal noun |
| létati | létat | létanie |
| | Present | Present | Present | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | lécu | lécevě (-va) | lécem (-me/-my) | – | leťvě, letěvě (-va) | leťme, letěm (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | léceš | léceta | lécete | leť, leti | leťta, letěta | leťte, letěte |
| 3rd person | léce | léceta | lécú | leť, leti | leťta, letěta | leťte, letěte |
| | Sigmatic aorist | Sigmatic aorist | Sigmatic aorist | Imperfect | Imperfect | Imperfect |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | létach | létachově (-va) | létachom (-me/-my) | létách | létáchově (-va) | létáchom (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | léta | létasta (-šta) | létaste (-šte) | létáše | létášta (-sta) | létášte (-ste) |
| 3rd person | léta | létasta (-šta) | létachu | létáše | létášta (-sta) | létáchu |
| | L-participle | L-participle | L-participle | Passive participle | Passive participle | Passive participle |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Masculine | létal | létala | létali | — | — | — |
| Feminine | létala | létale | létaly | — | — | — |
| Neuter | létalo | létale | létala | — | — | — |
| | Nt-participle | Nt-participle | Nt-participle | S-participle | S-participle | S-participle |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Masculine | létě | létiece | létiece | létav | létavše | létavše |
| Feminine | létieci | létiece | létiece | létavši | létavše | létavše |
| Neuter | létě, létieci | létiece | létiece | létav, létavši | létavše | létavše |
Note: This table shows the most common forms of létati around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

#### Descendants

* Czech: létat

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “létati”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# ətək
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *etek. Cognate with Turkish etek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [æˈtæk], [æˈtæj], [æˈtæt͡ʃ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ə‧tək

### Noun

ətək (definite accusative ətəyi, plural ətəklər)
* of clothing
** hem (of a skirt)
** (South Azerbaijani) skirt
    Synonym: yubka
* of spaces
** foot (bottom of anything, especially of hills or mountains)
** side, shelf (a shelf between two levels)
# sugum
## Icelandic
### Verb

sugum
* first-person plural past indicative of sjúga

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.ɡum/, [ˈsu.ɣum]

### Noun

sugum
* dative plural of sugu

## Old Norse
### Verb

sugum
* first-person plural past indicative active of súga
# Hloþhære
## Old English
### Proper noun

Hlōþhære m
* Alternative form of Hlōþhere
# prisidin
## Tausug
### Alternative forms

* pirisidin

### Etymology

Borrowed from English president and also from Indonesian presiden, from Dutch president.

### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /pɾisidin/ [pɾɪ.sɪˈɾin̪]
* Rhymes: -in
* Syllabification: pri‧si‧din

### Noun

prisidin (Sulat Sūg spelling فْرِسِدِنْ)
* president
    Synonym: prisidinti
    Kimakap hi prisidin Jokowi dī ha Provinsi Kaltara (Kalimantan Utara) tahun nakalabay.President Jokowi (Joko Widodo) visited here in North Kalimantan Province last year.
    Bukun prisidin in nagmalim sin Malaysia sagawa' in yang dipatuan agung (sultan) iban paldana mantri.It wasn't a president who ruled Malaysia, but a Yang Dipertuan Agong (monarch) and a prime minister.

#### Usage notes

Frequently used in both Malaysia (because of its word in Malay presiden influenced also from English president) and Indonesia, but non-standard or colloquially used in the Philippines.

#### Derived terms

* magprisidin
* pagkaprisidin
* wakil prisidin
# stuburas
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Derived via métatonie rude from an earlier stubũras. Within Balto-Slavic, cognate with Latvian stuburs, Slovene stəbə̏r (“column”), dial. Serbo-Croatian stàbar (“bole of a tree”), possibly stretching back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *stuburas.
Further origin unclear. See literature for further discussion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstʊbʊɾɐs]

### Noun

stùburas m (plural stuburaĩ) stress pattern 3
* (anatomy) spine, backbone
* (botany) trunk (of a tree)
* (botany) stalk (of a plant)

#### Synonyms

* (spine): nugarkaulis
* (tree trunk): kamienas

#### Derived terms

* stuburgalis
* stuburinis
* stuburo smegenys
* stuburo smegenų skystis

#### Related terms

* staubúoti
* staubrỹs / stuobrỹs (“bole of a tree”)

### References

* “stuburas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
* “stuburas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
* Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “stuburas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎ (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 1784
* Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “stuburas”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 928
# mapachs
## English
### Noun

mapachs
* plural of mapach
# מזרקה
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /mizʁaˈka/

### Noun

מִזְרָקָה • (mizraká) f (plural indefinite מזרקות, singular construct מזרקת־)
* fountain (artificial water feature)
# كىشى
## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *kiši. Cognate to Uzbek kishi, etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiʃi/

### Noun

كىشى • (kishi) (plural كىشىلەر (kishiler))
* person, human being, man
    مەن توم تونۇيدىغان شاخمات ئوينىيالايدىغان بىردىنبىر كىشى.men tom tonuydighan shaxmat oyniyalaydighan birdinbir kishi.I'm the only person Tom knows who can play chess
* people, others
    مانا ھازىر، يەنە ئىككى كىشى پەيدا بولدى، ئاندىن كېيىنلا ئۈچى پەيدا بولدىmana hazir, yene ikki kishi peyda boldi, andin këyinla üchi peyda boldiNow, here come two more people, and immediately after, three more people.
    تىڭشاش ئۈچۈن كەلگەن ھەرقانداق كىشى مېنىڭ تاماشىبىنىم، ھەتتا كىلاسسىك مۇزىكىلارنى ياقتۇرمايدىغانلارمۇ ھەم.tingshash üchün kelgen herqandaq kishi mëning tamashibinim, hetta kilassik muzikilarni yaqturmaydighanlarmu hem.My audience is anyone who is here to listen, even those who are not familiar with classical music.
# chuyên chính vô sản
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

chuyên chính (“dictatorship, autocracy”) +‎ vô sản (“proletariat (noun)”). Calque from Chinese 無產階級專政／无产阶级专政 (vô sản giai cấp chuyên chính), ultimately from German Diktatur des Proletariats.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕwiən˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ vo˧˧ saːn˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ vow˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˨] ~ [t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ vow˧˧ saːŋ˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ cɨn˦˥ vow˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦] ~ [c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ cɨn˦˥ jow˧˧ saːŋ˨˩˦]

### Noun

(classifier nền) chuyên chính vô sản
* (Marxism) dictatorship of the proletariat (a socio-political power characterized by a struggle to achieve a communist society)
    Antonym: chuyên chính tư sản
** 1963 [1852], Karl Marx, “Marx an Joseph Weydemeyer in New York 5. März 1852”, in Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels - Werke, volume 28, p. 508; English translation in 1983 Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 39, p. 62, 65; Vietnamese translation in 1996 C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-Ghen Toàn Tập, volume 28, p. 662
    Cái mới mà tôi đã làm là chứng minh rằng: 1) sự tồn tại của các giai cấp chỉ gắn với những giai đoạn phát triển lịch sử nhất định của sản xuất, 2) đấu tranh giai cấp tất yếu dẫn đến chuyên chính vô sản, 3) bản thân nền chuyên chính này chỉ là bước quá độ tiến tới thủ tiêu mọi giai cấp và tiến tới xã hội không có giai cấpWhat I did that was new was to prove: (1) that the existence of classes is only bound up with particular historical phases in the development of production, (2) that the class struggle necessarily leads to the dictatorship of the proletariat, (3) that this dictatorship itself only constitutes the transition to the abolition of all classes and to a classless society.
** 1917, Vladimir Lenin, The State and Revolution, “II.3”; English translation from Lenin Collected Works, volume 25, 2011 [1917], page 418; Vietnamese translation from V. I. Lê-nin Toàn Tập‎, volume 33, 2005 [1917], page 44
    Những hình thức của các nhà nước tư sản thì hết sức khác nhau, nhưng thực chất chỉ là một: chung quy lại thì tất cả những nhà nước ấy, vô luận thế nào, cũng tất nhiên phải là nền chuyên chính tư sản. Bước chuyển từ chủ nghĩa tư bản lên chủ nghĩa cộng sản, cố nhiên là không thể không đem lại rất nhiều hình thức chính trị khác nhau, nhưng thực chất của những hình thức ấy tất nhiên sẽ chỉ là một, tức là: chuyên chính vô sản.Bourgeois states are most varied in form, but their essence is the same: all these states, whatever their form, in the final analysis are inevitably the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie. The transition from capitalism to communism is certainly bound to yield a tremendous abundance and variety of political forms, but the essence will inevitably be the same: the dictatorship of the proletariat.
# họa mi
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 畫眉.
The second element means eyebrow, but often realized by folk etymology as meaning eyelashes (see Vietnamese mi).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hwaː˧˨ʔ mi˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [hwaː˨˩ʔ mɪj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [waː˨˩˨ mɪj˧˧]

### Noun

họa mi
* the Garrulax canorus, the hwamei, a bird native to southeastern and central China as well as northern Laos and Vietnam
* (colloquial, slang) the penis, male genitalia

#### Usage notes

It is sometimes used to translate (e.g. by Nguyễn & Vũ, 1986) English nightingale (& cognates like Danish nattergal), whose correct translation is dạ oanh. As a result, a few bilingual dictionaries accept the usage of họa mi to translate English nightingale.

#### References

* ↑ Andersen, Hans Christian (author) (1843). "Nattergalen". (1986) Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Văn Hải & Vũ Minh Toàn.
* ↑ Phan, Văn Giường (2014) Tuttle Concise Vietnamese Dictionary: Vietnamese-English English-Vietnamese. p. 138
* ↑ Cambridge English-Vietnamese dictionary. Entry "nightingale"
# elma
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish الما (elma), from Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /elˈma/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: el‧ma

### Noun

elma (definite accusative elmayı, plural elmalar)
* apple tree
* apple (fruit)

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
elma
elmalar
definite accusative
elmayı
elmaları
dative
elmaya
elmalara
locative
elmada
elmalarda
ablative
elmadan
elmalardan
genitive
elmanın
elmaların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
elmam
elmalarım
2nd singular
elman
elmaların
3rd singular
elması
elmaları
1st plural
elmamız
elmalarımız
2nd plural
elmanız
elmalarınız
3rd plural
elmaları
elmaları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
elmamı
elmalarımı
2nd singular
elmanı
elmalarını
3rd singular
elmasını
elmalarını
1st plural
elmamızı
elmalarımızı
2nd plural
elmanızı
elmalarınızı
3rd plural
elmalarını
elmalarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
elmama
elmalarıma
2nd singular
elmana
elmalarına
3rd singular
elmasına
elmalarına
1st plural
elmamıza
elmalarımıza
2nd plural
elmanıza
elmalarınıza
3rd plural
elmalarına
elmalarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
elmamda
elmalarımda
2nd singular
elmanda
elmalarında
3rd singular
elmasında
elmalarında
1st plural
elmamızda
elmalarımızda
2nd plural
elmanızda
elmalarınızda
3rd plural
elmalarında
elmalarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
elmamdan
elmalarımdan
2nd singular
elmandan
elmalarından
3rd singular
elmasından
elmalarından
1st plural
elmamızdan
elmalarımızdan
2nd plural
elmanızdan
elmalarınızdan
3rd plural
elmalarından
elmalarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
elmamın
elmalarımın
2nd singular
elmanın
elmalarının
3rd singular
elmasının
elmalarının
1st plural
elmamızın
elmalarımızın
2nd plural
elmanızın
elmalarınızın
3rd plural
elmalarının
elmalarının :

#### Derived terms

* elma suyu
* elmalı
* elmacı

### Further reading

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “elma”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# панталон
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐntɐˈɫɔn]
* Rhymes: -ɔn

### Noun

пантало́н • (pantalón) m
* pair of trousers

#### Declension
### References

* “панталон”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəntɐˈɫon]

### Noun

пантало́н • (pantalón) f inan pl
* genitive of пантало́ны (pantalóny)
# joined-at-the-hip
## English
### Adjective

joined-at-the-hip (not comparable)
* Alternative form of joined at the hip
# 昂撒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ángsā
    (Zhuyin): ㄤˊ ㄙㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ángsā
*** Zhuyin: ㄤˊ ㄙㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ángsa
*** Wade–Giles: ang$^2$-sa$^1$
*** Yale: áng-sā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: arngsa
*** Palladius: анса (ansa)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑŋ³⁵ sä⁵⁵/
(Can we verify this pronunciation?)

### Adjective

昂撒
* Misspelling of 盎撒 (àngsā or ángsà).
# chuyên chính tư sản
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

chuyên chính (“dictatorship, autocracy”) +‎ tư sản (“bourgeoisie (noun)”). Calque from Chinese 資產階級專政／资产阶级专政 (tư sản giai cấp chuyên chính), ultimately from German Diktatur der Bourgeoisie.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕwiən˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ tɨ˧˧ saːn˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ tɨ˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˨] ~ [t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ tɨ˧˧ saːŋ˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ cɨn˦˥ tɨ˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦] ~ [c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ cɨn˦˥ tɨ˧˧ saːŋ˨˩˦]

### Noun

(classifier nền) chuyên chính tư sản
* (Marxism) dictatorship of the bourgeoisie (a socio-political power wherein the bourgeoisie collectively holds the most influence over politics and the masses)
    Antonym: chuyên chính vô sản
** 1960 [1850], Karl Marx, “Die Klassenkämpfe in Frankreich 1848-1850 (The Class Struggles in France, 1848 - 1850)”, in Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels - Werke, volume 7, page 40; English translation from Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 10, 1978 [1850], page 76; Vietnamese translation from C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn Tập, volume 7, 2004 [1850], page 57
    Nhưng Ca-ve-nhắc không phải là nền độc tài của lưỡi kiếm đối với xã hội tư sản, mà [là] nền chuyên chính tư sản được thực hiện bằng lưỡi kiếmBut Cavaignac was not the dictatorship of the sabre over bourgeois society; he was the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie by the sabre.
** 1917, Vladimir Lenin, The State and Revolution, “II.3”; English translation from Lenin Collected Works, volume 25, 2011 [1917], page 418; Vietnamese translation from V. I. Lê-nin Toàn Tập‎, volume 33, 2005 [1917], page 44
    Những hình thức của các nhà nước tư sản thì hết sức khác nhau, nhưng thực chất chỉ là một: chung quy lại thì tất cả những nhà nước ấy, vô luận thế nào, cũng tất nhiên phải là nền chuyên chính tư sản. Bước chuyển từ chủ nghĩa tư bản lên chủ nghĩa cộng sản, cố nhiên là không thể không đem lại rất nhiều hình thức chính trị khác nhau, nhưng thực chất của những hình thức ấy tất nhiên sẽ chỉ là một, tức là: chuyên chính vô sản.Bourgeois states are most varied in form, but their essence is the same: all these states, whatever their form, in the final analysis are inevitably the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie. The transition from capitalism to communism is certainly bound to yield a tremendous abundance and variety of political forms, but the essence will inevitably be the same: the dictatorship of the proletariat.
# आयोजक
## Hindi
### Etymology

आ- (ā-) +‎ Sanskrit युज् (yuj, “to join, fasten”) +‎ -अक (-ak).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɑː.joː.d͡ʒək/, [äː.joː.d͡ʒɐk]

### Noun

आयोजक • (āyojak) m
* organiser, arranger

#### Declension
### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आयोजक”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “आयोजक”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
# rulees
## English
### Noun

rulees
* plural of rulee
# ਘਰੁ
## Old Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀭 (ghara), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha), from Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá). Cognate with Old Hindi घर (ghara), Old Gujarati घर (ghara), Old Marathi 𑘑𑘨 (ghara), Old Bengali ঘর (ghara).

### Noun

ਘਰੁ (gharu) m
* house, home
* inner self, heart

#### Descendants

* Punjabi: ghar
    Gurmukhi script: ਘਰ
    Shahmukhi script: گَھر

### Further reading

* Christopher Shackle (2011) “ਘਰੁ”, in A Gurū Nānak Glossary, 2nd edition, New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, →ISBN, page 104
* “ਘਰੁ”, in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Dictionary, SriGranth.org, 2025
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 239
# איכס
## Hebrew
### Alternative forms

* אִיחְס (ikhs), אִיחְסָה (íkhsa), אִיכְסָה (íkhsa)

### Etymology

From Arabic إخسا.

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /iχs/

### Interjection

אִיכְס • (ikhs)
* ew, yuck
    Synonym: פויה
# خوتۇن
## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *xātun (“queen”).

### Noun

خوتۇن • (xotun) (plural خوتۇنلار (xotunlar))
* woman
* wife
# iliyopita
## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* (Unguja standard) IPA: /iˈli.jɔ ˈpi.tɑ/

### Verb

iliyopita
* form of -pita (“to pass”): i- (mi class$_{(IV)}$/n class$_{(IX)}$ subject concord) +‎ -li- (positive past) +‎ -yo- (mi class$_{(IV)}$/n class$_{(IX)}$ relative) +‎ -pita

### Adjective

iliyopita
* last (the one immediately before the current or closest in the past)
    wiki iliyopita ― last week
    mwezi uliopita ― last month
    mwaka uliopita ― last year
# Eolophus
## Translingual
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Eolophus m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Cacatuidae – galah or rose-breasted cockatoo.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neognathae – infraclass; Neoaves – superorder; Psittaciformes – order; Cacatuoidea – superfamily; Cacatuidae – family; Cacatuinae – subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Eolophus roseicapilla – sole species

### References

* Eolophus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Eolophus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Eolophus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN