# denken
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* dinken

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch denken, from Old Dutch thenken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɛŋkə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: den‧ken
* Rhymes: -ɛŋkən

### Verb

denken
* (intransitive) to think [with aan ‘about, of’]
    Ik denk vaak aan mijn vriendin. ― I often think about my girlfriend.

#### Derived terms

* aandenken
* achterdenken
* denker
* denkfout
* denkvermogen
* hokjesdenken
* kruispuntdenken
* wensdenken
* aandenken
* achterdenken
* achteromdenken
* achteruitdenken
* afdenken
* bedenken
* doemdenken
* doordenken
* gedenken
* gelijkdenken
* herdenken
* indenken
* kromdenken
* meedenken
* misdenken
* nadenken
* omdenken
* ontdenken
* opdenken
* overdenken
* terugdenken
* toedenken
* uitdenken
* vastdenken
* verdenken
* voldenken
* voordenken
* voortdenken
* vooruitdenken
* vrijdenken
* wegdenken

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: dink, denk
* Jersey Dutch: dänke
* Negerhollands: denk, dink, diṅk, diṅg, diṅ
* → Aukan: denki
* → Sranan Tongo: denki
** → Caribbean Javanese: dèngki
** → Saramaccan: tínga

### Anagrams

* kenden, kneden

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German denken, from Old High German denken, thenken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng-.
Cognate with Bavarian denkn, denka, Dutch denken, dinken, Low German denken, dinken, West Frisian tinke, English think, Icelandic þekkja.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɛŋkən/, [ˈdɛŋkən], [ˈdɛŋʔŋ̍]
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)

### Verb

denken (irregular weak, third-person singular present denkt, past tense dachte, past participle gedacht, past subjunctive dächte, auxiliary haben)
* (intransitive or rarely transitive) to think [with an (+ accusative) ‘about something’ or (rare) accusative ‘something, e.g. a thought’]
    Ich denke, also bin ich.I think, therefore I am.
    Er denkt gewichtige Dinge.He is thinking weighty thoughts.
    Ich denke an früher.I am thinking about the past.
* (intransitive) not to forget; to remember [with an (+ accusative) ‘something to be brought along, etc.’]
    Denk an den Schlüssel!Don’t forget the key.
* (transitive, dative reflexive) to imagine
    Das kann ich mir denken.I can imagine that.
    Ich denke ihn mir als bärtigen Einsiedler.I imagine him as a bearded hermit.
* (transitive, dative reflexive) to think, to believe, to assume, to conjecture
    Ja, das dachte ich mir.Yes, I thought so.

#### Usage notes

Denken originally took a genitive object (ich denke deiner instead of ich denke an dich). This usage is now archaic.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Hyponyms

* andenken
* ausdenken
* durchdenken
* hinterdenken
* mitdenken
* nachdenken
* überdenken
* umdenken
* vordenken
* zurückdenken

#### Derived terms

* bedenken
* denkbar
* Denke
* Denken
* denkend
* Denker
* denkste (“that's what you think!”)
* Denkung
* Denkverbot
* erdenken
* gedacht
* gedenken
* verdenken

#### Related terms

* Bedacht
* bedächtig
* Denkaufgabe
* Denkfabrik
* denkfaul
* Denkmal
* Denkmuster
* Denkweise
* denkwürdig

### Further reading

* “denken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “denken” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “denken” in Duden online
* “denken” in OpenThesaurus.de
* denken on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$

## Low German
### Alternative forms

* dinken

### Etymology

From Old Saxon thenkian, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng-.

### Verb

denken (third-person singular simple present denkt, past tense dach, past participle dacht, auxiliary verb hebben)
* to think

#### Conjugation

Note: This conjugation is one of many. Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German denken, from Old High German denken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdæŋken/, [ˈdæŋ.kən]

### Verb

denken (third-person singular present denkt, preterite duecht or duet, past participle geduecht or geduet, past subjunctive diecht, auxiliary verb hunn)
* to think

#### Conjugation

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

#### Derived terms

* ausdenken
* bedenken
* ëmdenken
* gedenken
* iwwerdenken
* nodenken
* verdenken
* zeréckdenken

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch thenken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdeŋkən/

### Verb

denken
* to think

#### Alternative forms

* dinken

#### Derived terms

* bedenken
* erdenken
* gedenken
* herdenken
* verdenken
* voldenken

#### Descendants

* Dutch: denken, dinken
** Afrikaans: dink, denk
** Jersey Dutch: dänke
** Negerhollands: denk, dink, diṅk, diṅg, diṅ
** → Aukan: denki
** → Sranan Tongo: denki
*** → Caribbean Javanese: dèngki
*** → Saramaccan: tínga
* Limburgish: dinke

### Further reading

* “denken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “denken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Middle Low German
### Etymology

From Old Saxon thenkian, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną. Cognate with Dutch denken and English think.

### Pronunciation

* (originally) IPA: /deŋkən/

### Verb

denken
* to think, to perceive

#### Related terms

* andenken

#### Descendants

* Low German: denken, dinken
* → Old Norse: þenkja
** Icelandic: þenkja
** Faroese: teinkja
** Norwegian: tenke
** Old Swedish: þænkia
*** Swedish: tänka
** Old Danish: thænkæ
*** Danish: tænke
** Elfdalian: taintja
** Gutnish: tänke
** Scanian: tæńḱa
* → Polabian: denkot

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German denken, from Old High German denken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to perceive, think”). Cognate with German denken, English think.

### Verb

denken
* to think

### References

* “denken” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* thenken

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, akin to Old Saxon thenkian, Old Dutch thenken, Old English þencan, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan).

### Verb

denken
* to think

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: denken
** Alemannic German: tenke
** Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: dénkhan
    Mòcheno: denken
** German: denken
** Yiddish: דענקען (denken)