# تمغا
## Chagatai
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *tamga.

### Noun

تمغا (tamğa)
* stamp, pressed mark

#### Derived terms

* تمغاچی (tamğaçı)

#### Descendants

* Uyghur:
    Arabic script: تامغا (tamgha)
    Cyrillic script: тамға (tamgha)
** → Tibetan: ཐམ་ཀ (tham ka)
* Uzbek:
    Cyrillic script: тамға (tamgʻa)
    Latin script: tamgʻa
* → Persian: تمغا (tamğâ)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: तमग़ा (tamġā)
    Urdu: تمغا, تمغہ
** → Middle Armenian: դամղայ (damġay)
** → Punjabi: ਤਮਗ਼ਾ (tamġā)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* طمغا (tamga, damga), طمغه (tamga, damga), طامغه (tamga, damga), دامغه (damga), دمغه (damga)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tamga (“brand, seal”); cognate with Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀 (tamγa), Azerbaijani damğa, Bashkir тамға (tamğa), Kazakh таңба (tañba), Kyrgyz тамга (tamga), Turkmen tagma, Tuvan таңма (tañma), Uyghur تامغا (tamgha) and Uzbek tamg'a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɑmˈɡɑ/, /dɑmˈɡɑ/

### Noun

تمغا • (tamga)
* stamp, any device used to impress or stamp a design on a surface
    Synonyms: طبع (tabʼ), مهر (mühür)
* mark, an impressed symbol used to indicate some trait of an item
    Synonym: نشان (nişan)

#### Derived terms

* ترازو تمغاسی (terazi tamgası, “balance mark”)
* تمغا اورمك (tamga örmek, “to impress a stamp”)
* تمغا رسمی (tamga resimi, “right of stamping”)
* تمغا پولی (tamga pulu, “kind of stamp”)
* تمغاجی (tamgacı, “stamper”)
* تمغاخانه (tamgahane, “stamp office”)
* تمغاسز (tamgasız, “unstamped”)
* تمغالامق (tamgalamak, “to mark with a stamp”)
* تمغالو (tamgalı, “marked with a stamp”)

#### Descendants

* Gagauz: damga, tamga
* Turkish: damga
* → Arabic: دَمْغَة (damḡa)
* → Bulgarian: дамга́ (damgá)
* → Georgian: დამღა (damɣa) (or from Azerbaijani)
* → Middle Armenian: տամղա (tamġa)
** Armenian: տամղա (tamġa), դամկա (damka), թամղա (tʻamġa)
* → Romanian: danga
* → Macedonian: дамка (damka)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: да̏нга
    Latin script: dȁnga

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “damga”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1093
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “تمغا”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 166b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تمغا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 402
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Insigne”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 826
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تمغا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1394
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “damga”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تمغا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 593

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تمغا (tamğā), from Chagatai تمغا (tamğā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t̪əm.ɣɑː/

### Noun

تَمْغا • (tamğā) m (Hindi spelling तमग़ा)
* tax on travellers, a stamp-tax for imported goods, toll tax
* medal, decoration, diploma

### References

* “تمغا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “تمغا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.