# 草木
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎomù
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^2$ muk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-muk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-ba̍k / chháu-bo̍k / chhó͘-bo̍k / chhó-bo̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎomù
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎomù
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: tsǎu-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaomuh
*** Palladius: цаому (caomu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^2$ muk$^6$
*** Yale: chóu muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^2$ muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^2$ mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ mʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-muk
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^ˋ$ mug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^3$ mug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ muk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-ba̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsháu-ba̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'bak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-bo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsháu-bo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'bok
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘-bo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshóo-bo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhofbok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-bo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-bo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'bok
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshawX muwk
Rime :
| Character | 草 | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 采老切 | 莫卜切 |
| Baxter | tshawX | muwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /muk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /muk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /muk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaw$^X$/ | /məwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /muk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /muk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /muk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎo | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cou$^2$ | muk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ C.mˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ moːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 草 | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cǎo | mù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshaw$^X$ › | ‹ muwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/ | /*C.mˁok/ |
| English | grass, plants | tree, wood |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 草 | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16547 | 9327 |
| Phonetic component | 早 | 木 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 草 | 木 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰuːʔ/ | /*moːɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文作艸 | |

### Noun

草木
* vegetation; plants; greenery; flora
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Tiāndì biànhuà, cǎomù fán. [Pinyin]
    Heaven and Earth change and transform, flora flourish

#### Synonyms

* 株 (zhū)
* 植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 植株 (zhízhū)
* 植物 (zhíwù)
* 植被 (zhíbèi)
* 歲物 / 岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
* 綠色植物 / 绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
* 花卉 (huāhuì)
* 花草 (huācǎo)

#### Derived terms

* 人非草木，誰能無情 / 人非草木，谁能无情
* 玉在山而草木潤 / 玉在山而草木润
* 草木樨 (cǎomùxī)
* 草木灰 (cǎomùhuī)
* 草木皆兵 (cǎomùjiēbīng)
* 草木知威
* 草木驚心 / 草木惊心

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 草木(そうもく) (sōmoku)
* → Korean: 초목(草木) (chomok)
* → Vietnamese: thảo mộc (草木)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 木 |
| くさ Grade: 1 | き Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くさき [kùsáꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [kɯ̟̊sa̠kʲi]

#### Noun

草(くさ)木(き) • (kusaki)
* vegetation; plants

##### See also

* 草(くさ)花(ばな) (kusabana)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 木 |
| そう Grade: 1 | もく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | goon |

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーもく [sòómókú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) そーもく [sóꜜòmòkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

草(そう)木(もく) • (sōmoku)
* vegetation; plants

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN