# robust
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹəʊˈbʌst/, /ɹəˈbʌst/
** Audio (UK):(file)
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ɹoʊˈbʌst/, /ɹəˈbʌst/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ɹəʉˈbast/, /ɹəˈbast/
* Rhymes: -ʌst
* Hyphenation: ro‧bust

### Adjective

robust (comparative more robust or (uncommon) robuster, superlative most robust or (uncommon) robustest)
* Able to withstand adverse conditions.
    Synonym: sturdy
    Antonym: fragile
* Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy.
    He was a robust man of six feet four.
    robust health
    A robust wall was put up.
** 1869, Anthony Trollope, Phineas Finn:She was stronger, larger, more robust physically than he had hitherto conceived.
* Requiring strength or vigor.
    robust employment
* Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety.
* (euphemistic) Rough; rude.
** 2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎:As a frenetic opening continued, Cahill - whose robust approach had already prompted Jamie Carragher to register his displeasure to Atkinson - rose above the Liverpool defence to force keeper Pepe Reina into an athletic tip over the top.
* (systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage.
* (software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions.
* (statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors.
* (chiefly zoology, anthropology, paleontology) Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile.

#### Derived terms

* bias-robust
* heterokurtosis-robust
* heteroscedasticity-robust
* robust association of massive baryonic objects
* robust australopithecine
* robust blacksmelt
* robustly
* robustness

#### Related terms

* robusta

#### Translations
### Further reading

* robust statistics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* brotus, or bust, turbos

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rōbustus. First attested in c. 1400.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ruˈβust]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ruˈbust]
* IPA: (Valencia) [roˈbust]

### Adjective

robust (feminine robusta, masculine plural robusts or robustos, feminine plural robustes)
* robust (evincing strength and health)
    Synonyms: fort, vigorós

#### Derived terms

* robustament
* robustesa

### References

* ↑ “robust”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

### Further reading

* “robust” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “robust” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “robust” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## German
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁoˈbʊst/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ro‧bust
* Rhymes: -ʊst

### Adjective

robust (strong nominative masculine singular robuster, comparative robuster, superlative am robustesten)
* robust

#### Derived terms

* Robustheit

### Further reading

* “robust” in Duden online
* “robust” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin rōbustus.

### Adjective

robust (neuter singular robust, definite singular and plural robuste)
* robust, sturdy

### References

* “robust” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin rōbustus.

### Adjective

robust (neuter singular robust, definite singular and plural robuste)
* robust, sturdy

### References

* “robust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French robuste, from Latin rōbustus.

### Adjective

robust m or n (feminine singular robustă, masculine plural robuști, feminine and neuter plural robuste)
* robust

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Adjective

robust (comparative robustare, superlative robustast)
* robust

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### See also

* hållbar
* slagtålig
* slitstark
* stryktålig

#### References

* robust in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* robust in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* robust in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)