# gelar
## Balinese
### Romanization

gelar
* Romanization of ᬕᭂᬮᬃ

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan gelar, from Latin gelāre (“freeze”). Compare Occitan gelar, French geler, Aragonese chelar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ʒəˈla]
* IPA: (Valencia) [d͡ʒeˈlaɾ]

### Verb

gelar (first-person singular present gelo, first-person singular preterite gelí, past participle gelat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
* to freeze

#### Derived terms

* geladora
* gelament
* gelat

#### Related terms

* gel

### Further reading

* “gelar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “gelar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “gelar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “gelar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin gelāre.

### Verb

gelar (ORB, broad)
* to freeze

#### Derived terms

* gelâ

### References

* geler in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* gelar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ɡəˈlar/ [ɡəˈlar]
* Rhymes: -ar
* Syllabification: ge‧lar

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay gelar, from Proto-Malayic *ɡəlar.

#### Noun

gêlar (plural gelar-gelar)
* title (of a name).
* nickname that relates to one's characteristics or condition.
    Synonym: sebutan
* (education) degree: a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university/college, as a certification of academic achievement.

##### Derived terms

* bergelar
* digelari
* menggelari
* gelar adat
* gelar akademik
* gelar akademis
* gelar ganda
* gelar hiburan
* gelar keagamaan
* gelar kehormatan
* gelar liga
* gelar mediasi
* gelar pascasarjana
* gelar perkara
* gelar profesi
* gelar pusaka
* gelar vokasi

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦭꦂ (gelar, “array, layout, deployment”), from Old Javanese gĕlar (“laying out; deployment, battle-array”, literally “spreading”).

#### Noun

gêlar (plural gelar-gelar)
* deployment

#### Verb

gêlar
* to spread
    Synonym: hampar
* to hold (to organise an event or meeting)

#### Derived terms

* digelar
* digelarkan
* dipergelarkan
* mempergelarkan
* menggelar
* menggelarkan
* pegelaran
* pergelaran
* tergelar
* gelar griya
* gelar perkara
* gelar wicara

#### Related terms

* pagelaran

### Further reading

* “gelar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Verb

gelar
* to freeze
* to ice

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | gelar | gelar |
| participle | participle | present | perfect |
| participle | participle | gelante | gelate |
| active | | simple | perfect |
| active | present | gela | ha gelate |
| active | past | gelava | habeva gelate |
| active | future | gelara | habera gelate |
| active | conditional | gelarea | haberea gelate |
| active | imperative | gela | |
| passive | | simple | perfect |
| passive | present | es gelate | ha essite gelate |
| passive | past | esseva gelate | habeva essite gelate |
| passive | future | essera gelate | habera essite gelate |
| passive | conditional | esserea gelate | haberea essite gelate |
| passive | imperative | sia gelate | |

#### Derived terms

* disgelar (“to de-ice, to defrost”)

## Javanese
### Romanization

gelar
* Romanization of ꦒꦼꦭꦂ

## Karo Batak
### Etymology

Compare Toba Batak goar, Simalungun Batak goran, Malay gelar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəˈlar]

### Noun

gelar
* name

### References

* Ahmad Samin Siregar et al. (2001). Kamus Bahasa Karo–Indonesia. Medan: Balai Pustaka, p. 63.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *ɡəlar.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (galar) in inflected form nigalarku

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡə.lär]

### Noun

gelar (Jawi spelling ݢلر, plural gelar-gelar, informal 1st possessive gelarku, 2nd possessive gelarmu, 3rd possessive gelarnya)
* title (of a name).
    E.g. Tengku, Datuk, Tun
* nickname that relates to one's characteristics or condition.
    E.g. si kedekut (the greedy one), si bodoh (the stupid one)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: gelar (“title”)

#### Further reading

* “gelar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gelāre, from gelu (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). By surface analysis, gelo +‎ -ar. Doublet of the inherited gear.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒeˈla(ʁ)/ [ʒeˈla(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒeˈla(ʁ)/ [ʒeˈla(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʒeˈla(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʒeˈla(ʁ)/ [ʒeˈla(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʒeˈla(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒɨˈlaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒɨˈlaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʒɨˈla.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: ge‧lar

### Verb

gelar (first-person singular present gelo, first-person singular preterite gelei, past participle gelado)
* (intransitive) to freeze (become solid due to low temperature)
    Synonyms: congelar, enregelar, regelar
    Antonyms: degelar, derreter, descongelar
* (intransitive) to become cold
    Synonyms: esfriar, refrigerar, resfriar
    Antonym: esquentar
* (transitive) to cause to become cold
* (intransitive) to become dispassionate
    Synonyms: desalentar, desanimar, emudecer, esmorecer
* (intransitive) to freeze (become motionless)
    Synonym: congelar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* congelado
* congelador
* congelar
* geada
* gear
* geladeira
* gelado
* gelador
* geladura
* geleira
* geleiro
* gelidez
* gélido
* gelo

### Further reading

* “gelar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “gelar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “gelar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “gelar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “gelar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “gelar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Compare to Malay gelar.

### Noun

gelar (Sundanese script ᮌᮨᮜᮁ)
* title (of a name)