OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# değişmek
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish دكشمك (değişmek). In form, the reciprocal of değmek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de.jiʃˈmec/, /de.iʃˈmec/
* Hyphenation: de‧ğiş‧mek

### Verb

değişmek (third-person singular simple present değişir)
* (intransitive) to change
    Her şey çok değişti ― Everything has changed a lot

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Related terms

* denk
* değiştirmek
* değişiklik
* değiş

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دكشمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 909
# güvenmek
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish گوگنمك, from Proto-Turkic *küb- (“to be proud, to hope”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (küven-), Azerbaijani güvənmək, etc.

### Verb

güvenmek (third-person singular simple present güvenür)
* (with dative) to trust
    bana güveniyor musun? ― do you trust me?

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* güven
* güvenç
* güvence

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كوكنمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1599
* ↑ Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*güb-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# get into it
## English
### Verb

get into it (third-person singular simple present gets into it, present participle getting into it, simple past got into it, past participle (UK) got into it or (US) gotten into it)
* (slang, US) To fight or argue about something, especially a long-simmering issue.
    We're finally going to get into it about the policy.
# GGYY
## Chinese
### Adjective

GGYY
* Alternative form of 嘰嘰歪歪 / 叽叽歪歪
# たいざん
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of たいざん – see the following entry. :
| 【大山】 | [noun] great mountain |
(This term, たいざん (taizan), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# Germaine
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒə(ɹ)ˈmeɪn/

### Proper noun

Germaine
* A surname transferred from the given name, a variant of Germain.
* A male given name from Latin, in modern use transferred back from the surname.
* A female given name from Latin transferred from the surname or borrowed from modern French.

### Anagrams

* Germanie

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒɛʁ.mɛn/

### Proper noun

Germaine f
* a female given name, masculine equivalent Germain

### Anagrams

* graminée
# sjællandsk
## Danish
### Etymology

Sjælland +‎ -sk.

### Adjective

sjællandsk (plural and definite singular attributive sjællandske)
* Zealandic (relating to the island, people or dialect(s) of Zealand)

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

#### Derived terms

* nordsjællandsk
* sydsjællandsk
* vestsjællandsk

#### See also

* sjællænder

### Further reading

* “sjællandsk” in Den Danske Ordbog
# stond
## English
### Alternative forms

* stound

### Etymology

For stand.

### Noun

stond (plural stonds)
* (obsolete) stop; halt; hindrance
** 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Studies”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.
* (obsolete) A stand; a post; a station.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:when he saw the Damsell passe away, He left his stond, and her pursewd apace
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “stond”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* don't's, don'ts

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔnt/
* Hyphenation: stond
* Rhymes: -ɔnt

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch stonde, from Old Dutch stunda (“time, while”), from Proto-West Germanic *stundu, from Proto-Germanic *stundō (“time, while”). More at English stound, German Stunde, Low German Stünn.

#### Noun

stond m or f (plural stonden, diminutive stondje n) (dated)
* time; point in time, moment
* age, epoch
* hour

##### Synonyms

* (chronology): uur

##### Derived terms

* aanstonds
* avondstond
* doodsstond
* kortstondig
* middagstond
* morgenstond
* noenestond
* ochtendstond
* schemerstond
* terstond

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: stonde

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

stond
* singular past indicative of staan

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stond/

### Verb

stond
* singular imperative of stondan
# kurutmak
## Turkish
### Verb

kurutmak (third-person singular simple present kurutur)
* causative of kurumak
** (transitive) to dry
    çamaşırları kuruttum ― I dried the clothes.

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* kurutucu (“dryer”)
# φαρμάκω
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰar.má.kɔː/ → /ɸarˈma.ko/ → /farˈma.ko/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pʰar.má.kɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pʰarˈma.ko/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ɸarˈma.ko/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /farˈma.ko/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /farˈma.ko/

### Noun

φᾰρμᾰ́κω • (phărmắkō)
* nominative/accusative/vocative dual of φᾰ́ρμᾰκον (phắrmăkon)
# انشقاق
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of اِنْشَقَّ (inšaqqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.ʃi.qaːq/
* Rhymes: -aːq

### Noun

اِنْشِقَاق • (inšiqāq) m (plural اِنْشِقَاقَات (inšiqāqāt))
* verbal noun of اِنْشَقَّ (inšaqqa) (form VII)
** splitting, rupture, cleavage

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: انشقاق (inşikâk)
* → Urdu: انشقاق (inśiqāq)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْشِقَاق (inšiqāq).

### Noun

انشقاق • (inśiqāq) m (Hindi spelling इंशिक़ाक़)
* splitting, rupture
* (physics) fission
    جوہری انشقاق ― jauharī inśiqāq ― nuclear fission
# Orla
## English
### Etymology

Anglicized version of Irish Órfhlaith (“golden princess”), from ór (“gold”) + flaith (“princess”).

### Proper noun

Orla
* A female given name from Irish.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* -arol, Arlo, LoRa, Loar, Lora, Oral, oral

## Danish
### Etymology

From Irish Órfhlaith. A male character in James Macpherson's Ossianic poems; established as a male name due to a 19th century Danish politician, Orla Lehmann.

### Proper noun

Orla
* a male given name from Irish
# serotonin
## English
### Etymology

From sero- +‎ tone +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌsɛɹəˈtəʊnɪn/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/
* Audio (UK):(file)

### Noun

serotonin (countable and uncountable, plural serotonins)
* (biochemistry) An indoleamine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine, that is involved in depression, appetite, etc., and is crucial in maintaining a sense of well-being, security, etc.
** 2015 August 21, “Generation of a Tph2 Conditional Knockout Mouse Line for Time- and Tissue-Specific Depletion of Brain Serotonin”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:Notably, mouse lines targeting genes codifying for serotonin receptors, for enzymes involved in 5-HT synthesis as Tph1 and Tph2, in its metabolism as monoaminoxidase A (MAOA) or in its re-uptake as serotonin transporter (SERT), have been generated.
** 2024 March 21, Kristen Rogers, “If antidepressants are killing your sex life, here’s what you can do”, in CNN‎:The class of antidepressants most commonly associated with sexual dysfunction is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which treat depression by ultimately increasing levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.

#### Abbreviations

* 5-HT

#### Synonyms

* 5-hydroxytryptamine

#### Derived terms

* selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
* serotonin-specific
* serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor
* serotonin syndrome

#### Related terms

* serotonergic

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “serotonin”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* serotonin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* ironstone

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛrotonɪn]
* IPA: [ˈsɛrotoniːn]

### Noun

serotonin m inan
* serotonin

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Japanese
### Romanization

serotonin
* Rōmaji transcription of セロトニン

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /serotǒniːn/

### Noun

serotònīn m (Cyrillic spelling серото̀нӣн)
* (biochemistry) serotonin
# カスピかい
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of カスピかい – see the following entry. :
| 【カスピ海】 | [proper noun] the Caspian Sea |
(This term, カスピかい (kasupikai), is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# さんごかい
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of さんごかい – see the following entry. :
| 【珊瑚海】 | [proper noun] Coral Sea |
(This term, さんごかい (sangokai), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# 真珠湾
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 真 | 珠 | 湾 |
| しん Grade: 3 | しゅ > じゅ Grade: S | わん Grade: S |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 眞珠灣 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

真珠 (shinju, “pearl”) +‎ 湾 (wan, “harbor”). Calque of English Pearl Harbor.

### Proper noun

真(しん)珠(じゅ)湾(わん) • (Shinjuwan)
* Pearl Harbor
    Synonym: パールハーバー (Pāru Hābā)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
# CIP
## English
### Noun

CIP (plural CIPs)
* Initialism of common isochronous packet.
* (pathology) Initialism of congenital insensitivity to pain.
* (Incoterm) Initialism of carriage and insurance paid to.
* Initialism of citizenship by investment program.
** 2019 October 7, Kate Springer, “Passports for purchase: Open citizenship doors around the world”, in CNN‎:Another issue, she says, is that CIPs put a clear price on residency rights. “For example, the optics of selling EU citizenship prompted the EU to oppose Malta’s CIP when it was introduced, only backing down when Malta agreed to add a number of additional conditions on granting citizenship, such as minimum residency requirements.”

### Proper noun

CIP
* Initialism of Common Industrial Protocol.

### Anagrams

* CPI, ICP, IPC, P.C.I., PCI, PIC, cpi, pic

## Spanish
### Noun

CIP m (plural CIPs)
* Initialism of código de identificación personal.
# теперь
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* тепе́рича (tepériča) — colloquial, regional, humorous
* терь (terʹ) — colloquial, contraction

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic топере (topere), itself inherited from Proto-Slavic *topьrvo. First recorded in Russian as тепе́речи (tepéreči) in 1562.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʲɪˈpʲerʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

тепе́рь • (tepérʹ)
* now, at present
    Synonym: тепе́рича (tepériča) (colloquial)
** 1848, Давыдов, Дмитрий Павлович (Davydov, Dmitrij Pavlovič, “Dmitrij Davydov”), “Думы беглеца на Байкале (Thoughts of a Runaway in Baikal)”
    Шилка и Нерчинск не страшны теперь; Горная стража меня не видала, [...]Šilka i Nerčinsk ne strašny teperʹ; Gornaja straža menja ne vidala, [...]Shilka and Nerchinsk ain't scary now; The mountain watch saw me not, [...]

#### Usage notes

* Used in contrast with the past, in the sense of "and now" or "but now." Теперь cannot be used in the sense of "At once!" or "Immediately!" For this meaning of "now," see сейча́с (sejčás).

#### Synonyms

* сейча́с (sejčás)

#### Related terms

* тепе́решний (tepérešnij)
* тепе́рича (tepériča)
# сильней
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲɪlʲˈnʲej]

### Adverb

сильне́й • (silʹnéj)
* comparative degree of си́льный (sílʹnyj)
** 1920, “Красная Армия всех сильней [Krasnaja Armija vsex silʹnej, The Red Army Is Stronger than All]”, Горинштейн, Павел Григорьевич (Gorinštejn, Pavel Grigorʹjevič, “Pavel Gorinshtein”) (lyrics), Покрасс, Самуил Яковлевич (Pokrass, Samuil Jakovlevič, “Samuil Pokrass”) (music)‎performed by Alexandrov Ensemble:Ведь от тайги до британских морей Красная Армия всех сильней!Vedʹ ot tajgi do britanskix morej Krasnaja Armija vsex silʹnej!For from the taigas to the British seas, The Red Army is stronger than all!
* comparative degree of си́льно (sílʹno)
# 渋ハロ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 渋
* しぶ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 澁ハロ (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕibɯ̟ha̠ɾo̞]

### Proper noun

渋(しぶ)ハロ • (Shibuharo)
* Short for 渋谷のハロウィン (Shibuya no Harowin) or 渋谷のハロウィーン (Shibuya no Harowīn, “Shibuya Halloween”).
# refugee camp
## English
### Noun

refugee camp (plural refugee camps)
* A camp where refugees seek shelter.
# よもつへぐい
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of よもつへぐい – see the following entry. :
| 【黄泉竈食い】 | [noun] eating food prepared from the kettle in the underworld; it is believed that once this food is eaten, the dead may never return to the land of the living |
(This term, よもつへぐい (yomotsuhegui), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# LPK
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛl.pe.ka/

### Noun

LPK (plural LPK-LPK)
* Initialism of lembaga pelatihan kerja.
# 飛昇
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 飛昇 – see 飛升 (“to fly upwards; to ascend to heaven and become an immortal; etc.”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 飛升).
# कवी
## Hindi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kə.ʋiː/, [kɐ.ʋiː]

### Noun

कवी • (kavī) f (Urdu spelling کوی)
* poetess

#### Declension
## Marathi

* पुल्लिंग (pulliṅga): कवी m (kavī)
* स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): कवयित्री f (kavyitrī)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “poet”), through Old Marathi 𑘎𑘪𑘲 (kavī, “poet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.ʋi/, [kə.ʋiː]

### Noun

कवी • (kavī) m
* poet

#### Declension
### Proper noun

कवी • (kavī) m
* a male given name, Kavi, from Sanskrit

### See also

* शाहीर (śāhīr)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कवी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कवी”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “कवी”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “कवि”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* kavī (Latin script)
* 𑀓𑀯𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* কৰী (Bengali script)
* කවී (Sinhalese script)
* ကဝီ or ကဝဳ or ၵဝီ (Burmese script)
* กวี or กะวี (Thai script)
* ᨠᩅᩦ (Tai Tham script)
* ກວີ or ກະວີ (Lao script)
* កវី (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑅇𑄩 (Chakma script)

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

कवी
* Devanagari script form of kavī, nominative/vocative/accusative plural of कवि (kavi, “poet”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

कवी
* Devanagari script form of kavī, nominative/vocative/accusative plural of कवि (kavi, “monkey”)
# zarpado
## Portuguese
### Participle

zarpado (feminine zarpada, masculine plural zarpados, feminine plural zarpadas)
* past participle of zarpar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θaɾˈpado/ [θaɾˈpa.ð̞o]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /saɾˈpado/ [saɾˈpa.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: zar‧pa‧do

### Adjective

zarpado (feminine zarpada, masculine plural zarpados, feminine plural zarpadas)
* (Chile, Rioplatense, colloquial) That has a daring or out of place behaviour

### Noun

zarpado m (plural zarpados, feminine zarpada, feminine plural zarpadas)
* (Chile, Rioplatense, colloquial) someone that has a daring or out of place behaviour

### Participle

zarpado (feminine zarpada, masculine plural zarpados, feminine plural zarpadas)
* past participle of zarpar
# oběti
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈobjɛcɪ]

### Noun

oběti
* inflection of oběť:
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural
** genitive/dative/vocative/locative singular
# manuuttaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

manuu (“summons”) +‎ -ttaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑnuːtːɑːˣ/, [ˈmɑ̝nuːt̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑnuːtːɑː
* Hyphenation: ma‧nuut‧taa

### Verb

manuuttaa (dialectal, Eastern Finnish)
* (law) Synonym of haastaa (“to summon (to court)”).

#### Conjugation
### References

* “manuuttaa”, in Suomen murteiden sanakirja [Dictionary of Finnish Dialects]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2022, →ISSN.
# քարուկիր
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Armenian քարուկիր (kʻarukir).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰɑɾuˈkiɾ/, [kʰɑɾukíɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑɾuˈɡiɾ/, [kʰɑɾuɡíɾ]

### Adjective

քարուկիր • (kʻarukir)
* made of stone masonry cemented with lime
    Antonym: ցեխով (cʻexov)

#### Declension
### Noun

քարուկիր • (kʻarukir)
* wall, made of stones cemented with lime

#### Declension
### References

* Aġayan, Ēduard (1976) “քարուկիր”, in Ardi hayereni bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan

## Middle Armenian
### Etymology

From քար (kʻar, “stone”) +‎ ու (u, “and”) +‎ կիր (kir, “lime”).

### Noun

քարուկիր • (kʻarukir)
* wall, made of stones cemented with lime

#### Descendants

* Armenian: քարուկիր (kʻarukir)
* → Northern Kurdish: kargir, kargîr, kagir, kagîr
* → Persian: کارگیر (kârgir)
** → Ottoman Turkish: كاركیر (kârgir), كاغر (kâgir), كاوكیر (kâvgir)
*** Turkish: kârgir
*** → Armenian: քեավկիր (kʻeavkir)
*** → Romanian: gherghir

### References

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “քարուկիր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “քար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “քարուկիր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# סדום
## Hebrew
### Alternative forms

* סְדֹם

### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Proper noun

סְדוֹם • (s'dóm)
* Sedom, Sodom (biblical city near the Dead Sea)

#### Descendants

* → Ancient Greek: Σόδομα (Sódoma)
** → Latin: Sodoma
*** → English: Sodom
*** → Old Irish: Sodam

### References

* H5467 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
# sıvılaştırmak
## Turkish
### Etymology

From sıvılaş- +‎ -tır.

### Verb

sıvılaştırmak (third-person singular simple present sıvılaştırır)
* causative of sıvılaşmak: to liquefy, liquify

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* sıvılaştırıcı (“liquidizer”)

### References

* “sıvılaştırmak”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “sıvılaştırmak”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# ædelmodig
## Danish
### Etymology

ædelmod +‎ -ig. Coined after German edelmütig.

### Adjective

ædelmodig (neuter ædelmodigt, plural and definite singular attributive ædelmodige)
* magnanimous, generous, benevolent
    Synonyms: ædel, højmodig

#### Declension

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

* “ædelmodig” in Den Danske Ordbog
# مشقت
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic مَشَقَّة (mašaqqa).

### Noun

مشقت • (meşakkat) (plural مشاق)
* hardship; suffering; trouble

#### Descendants

* Turkish: meşakkat
* Crimean Tatar: meşaqqat

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مشقت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1174
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مشقت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1869
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشَقَّة (mašaqqa).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ma.ʃaq.ˈqat]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mä.ʃäq.qǽt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mä.ʃäq.qǽt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mä.ʃäq.qǽt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mä.ʃäq.qǽt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæ.ʃæʁ.ɢǽt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mä.ʃäq.qǽt̪]

### Noun

مشقت • (mašaqqat) (plural مشاق (mašâqq))
* toil, hardship, suffering, trouble
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 265:از درد من مشقت مجنون نمونه‌ای وز خوبی تو قصه یوسف حکایتیaz dard-i man mašaqqat-i majnūn namūna'ē w-az xūbī-yi tō qissa-yi yūsuf hikāyatēThe suffering of Majnun is a [mere] example of my pain, And the tale of Joseph is a [mere] story of your beauty.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مشقت”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مشقت (mašaqqat), itself from Arabic مَشَقَّة (mašaqqa).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mə.ʃəqː.ət̪/
* Rhymes: -ət̪

### Noun

مَشَقَّت • (maśaqqat) f (Hindi spelling मशक़्क़त)
* toil, trouble
    Synonym: مِحْنَت (mihnat)

#### Declension
### References

* “مشقت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “مشقت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
# Randall
## English
### Etymology

A Middle English variant of Randolph, preserved as a surname and revived in the twentieth century.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈɹændəl/

### Proper noun

Randall
* A male given name from the Germanic languages.
** 2007 July 20, Dave Caldwell, “Williamsport, Pa.: Home of True Small Ball”, in The New York Times‎:“Each time they’d build, they’d try to outbuild all the rest of them,” said Dr. Randall F. Hipple, a retired obstetrician who helped establish a seven-block stretch of the street as a National Historic District.
* A surname originating as a patronymic.
* A place name:
** A community of New Tecumseth, Simcoe County, Canada.
** A number of places in the United States:
*** Former name of White Hall, California.
*** A former town in Helt Township, Vermillion County, Indiana.
*** A minor city in Hamilton County, Iowa.
*** A minor city in Jewell County, Kansas.
*** A minor city in Morrison County, Minnesota.
*** An unincorporated community in Monongalia County, West Virginia.
*** A town in Kenosha County, Wisconsin.
*** An unincorporated community in Anderson, Burnett County, Wisconsin.

#### Derived terms

* Randall County
* Randall's puffer
* Randall-Sundrum model

### Anagrams

* Darnall