# 犁

| 犁 | U+7281, &#29313; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7281 |
| ← 犀 [U+7280] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 犂 → [U+7282] |

## Translingual
### Han character

犁 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹手 (HNHQ), four-corner 2250$_0$, composition ⿱利牛)
* plough

#### Derived characters

* 𠼐, 𬬁, 𩥴, 䔣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20037
* Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1811, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7281

## Chinese

* 犁 (Southern Min)
* 犁 (Wu)
* 犁 (Cantonese)
* 犁 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犁 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 犁 | *riːl, *ril |
| 黎 | *riːl |
| 莉 | *riːl, *r'il, *r'i |
| 黧 | *riːl |
| 鯬 | *riːl, *ril |
| 筣 | *riːl, *ri |
| 蔾 | *riːl, *ril |
| 藜 | *riːl |
| 邌 | *riːl |
| 瓈 | *riːl |
| 鵹 | *rel |
| 棃 | *ril |
| 梨 | *ril |
| 蟍 | *ril |
| 蜊 | *ril |
| 鑗 | *ril |
| 利 | *rids |
| 痢 | *rids |
| 浰 | *riːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riːl, *ril): phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lí (li$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lài
    (Hailu, HRS): lai
* Eastern Min (BUC): là̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): le$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lê / lôe / lêre
    (Teochew, Peng'im): loi$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lí
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lí
*** Wade–Giles: li$^2$
*** Yale: lí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ni$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
*** Sinological IPA : /ni²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^4$
*** Yale: làih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lài
*** Hakka Romanization System: lai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lai̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lai
*** Sinological IPA: /lai⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: là̤
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɛ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: le$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /le¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
*** Tâi-lô: lê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lee
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /le²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lôe
*** Tâi-lô: luê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loee
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /lue²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêre
*** Tâi-lô: lerê
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** lê - literary;
** lôe - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: lej
Rime :
| Character | 犁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎奚切 |
| Baxter | lej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /lei/ |
| Wang Li | /liei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /liei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤ[i]j/, /*[r][i]j/
    (Zhengzhang): /*riːl/, /*ril/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 犁 | 犁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lí | lí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lej › | ‹ lij › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁ[i]j/ | /*[r][i]j/ |
| English | plow | plow (n., v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 犁 | 犁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7879 | 7894 |
| Phonetic component | 利 | 利 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黎 | 棃 |
| Old Chinese | /*riːl/ | /*ril/ |

### Definitions

犁
* plough
* to plough
* (literary) to destroy
* a surname, Li

#### Synonyms

* (to plough):
* 作 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 穓 (yì) (literary)
* 耕 (gēng)
* 耕作 (gēngzuò)
* 耕地 (gēngdì)
* 農耕 / 农耕 (nónggēng)

### Compounds

* 伊犁 (Yīlí)
* 伊犁條約 / 伊犁条约
* 伊犁河 (Yīlí Hé)
* 伊犁縱谷 / 伊犁纵谷
* 伊犁馬 / 伊犁马
* 套犁
* 尉犁 (Yùlí)
* 扒犁
* 拽欛扶犁
* 拽耙扶犁
* 掃穴犁庭 / 扫穴犁庭
* 泥犁
* 火犁
* 爬犁 (pálí)
* 牛犁 (niúlí)
* 犁地
* 犁庭
* 犁庭掃穴 / 犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
* 犁庭掃閭 / 犁庭扫闾
* 犁然
* 犁牛之子
* 犁田 (lítián)
* 犁舌獄 / 犁舌狱
* 犁轎 / 犁轿
* 犁鏵 / 犁铧 (líhuá)
* 犁鏵大鼓 / 犁铧大鼓
* 祝犁
* 耕犁
* 耬犁 / 耧犁
* 鋤犁 / 锄犁 (chúlí)
* 馬拉犁 / 马拉犁

#### References

* “犁”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): り (ri)、れい (rei)
* Kun: すき (suki)

## Korean
### Hanja

犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

犁: Hán Nôm readings: lê
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.