# 課

| 課 | U+8AB2, &#35506; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AB2 |
| ← 誱 [U+8AB1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 誳 → [U+8AB3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

課 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口田木 (YRWD), four-corner 0669$_4$, composition ⿰訁果)

#### Derived characters

* 𢸠 𥌥 𣋾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1165, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35589
* Dae Jaweon: page 1630, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3985, character 14
* Unihan data for U+8AB2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 裸 | *ɡ·roːlʔ |
| 躶 | *ɡ·roːlʔ |
| 果 | *kloːlʔ |
| 菓 | *kloːlʔ |
| 猓 | *kloːlʔ |
| 輠 | *kloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ, *kʰluːls |
| 裹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
| 蜾 | *kloːlʔ |
| 惈 | *kloːlʔ |
| 粿 | *kloːlʔ |
| 窠 | *kʰloːl |
| 稞 | *kʰloːl, *ɡroːlʔ |
| 課 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls |
| 髁 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls, *kʰroːlʔ |
| 棵 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːnʔ, *ɡloːnʔ |
| 顆 | *kʰloːlʔ |
| 堁 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls, *kloːns |
| 敤 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls |
| 夥 | *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ |
| 婐 | *qloːlʔ, *kroːl |
| 踝 | *ɡroːlʔ |
| 祼 | *ɡluːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls): semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ) – to assess; to examine.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kè (ke$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fo$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kho
* Northern Min (KCR): kua̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuó
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khò / khò͘ / khè / khòe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kuê$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ko$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kè
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kè
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^3$
*** Yale: fo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kho
*** Hakka Romanization System: ko
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ko$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰo⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kua̿
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰua³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuó
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuɔ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kor$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò
*** Tâi-lô: khò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰo⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘
*** Tâi-lô: khòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qox
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khè
*** Tâi-lô: khè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qex
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰe¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòe
*** Tâi-lô: khuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kʰue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰue¹¹/
* khò/khò͘ - literary;
* khè/khòe - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit課 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰuo³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰuo⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰuə¹³/ /kʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰo¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰo²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰo⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰʊ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuɤ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰuə³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰu³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰəu⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰo⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰu⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰiu³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰo⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰo⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰo⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuo²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰo⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰo⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɔ³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɔ³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /fɔ³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰo²¹/ /kʰe²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰuɔ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰua³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰue²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xua³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: khwa, khwaH
Rime :
| Character | 課 | 課 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦禾切 | 苦卧切 |
| Baxter | khwa | khwaH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuɑ/ | /kʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuɑ/ | /kʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɑ/ | /kʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwa/ | /kʰwa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuɑ/ | /kʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuɑ/ | /kʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuɑ/ | /kʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuō | kuò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fo$^1$ | fo$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːl/, /*kʰloːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 課 | 課 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4778 | 4784 |
| Phonetic component | 果 | 果 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 科 | |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰloːl/ | /*kʰloːls/ |

### Definitions

課
* lesson (Classifier: 堂; 節／节 m)
* course (Classifier: 門／门; 堂 c)
* classwork
* (literary) to check; to examine; to assess
* (modern) to pay for online goods or services

#### Synonyms

* (to check):
* 審 / 审 (shěn)
* 審批 / 审批 (shěnpī, “to examine and approve”)
* 審查 / 审查 (shěnchá)
* 審核 / 审核 (shěnhé)
* 審計 / 审计 (shěnjì) (accounting, to audit)
* 對證 / 对证 (duìzhèng)
* 查對 / 查对 (cháduì)
* 查驗 / 查验 (cháyàn)
* 核可 (hékě, “to examine and approve”)
* 核定 (hédìng)
* 核對 / 核对 (héduì)
* 考查 (kǎochá)
* 考核 (kǎohé)

### Compounds

* 上課 / 上课 (shàngkè)
* 下課 / 下课 (xiàkè)
* 五堂功課 / 五堂功课
* 代課 / 代课 (dàikè)
* 修課 / 修课 (xiūkè)
* 做功課 / 做功课 (zuò gōngkè)
* 停課 / 停课 (tíngkè)
* 兵役課 / 兵役课
* 兼課 / 兼课 (jiānkè)
* 功課 / 功课 (gōngkè)
* 功課表 / 功课表
* 卜課 / 卜课 (bǔkè)
* 占課
* 名實相課 / 名实相课
* 囫圇課 / 囫囵课
* 基礎課程 / 基础课程
* 夜課 / 夜课
* 大課 / 大课 (dàkè)
* 天課 / 天课
* 學課錢 / 学课钱
* 官課 / 官课
* 導修課 / 导修课 (dǎoxiūkè)
* 工課 / 工课
* 引課 / 引课
* 循名課實 / 循名课实
* 推計課稅 / 推计课税
* 排課 / 排课 (páikè)
* 授課 / 授课 (shòukè)
* 文王課 / 文王课
* 日省月課 / 日省月课
* 日課 / 日课 (rìkè)
* 早課 / 早课
* 晚課 / 晚课
* 曠課 / 旷课 (kuàngkè)
* 會課 / 会课
* 朝暮課誦 / 朝暮课诵
* 正課 / 正课
* 清課 / 清课
* 發課 / 发课
* 督課 / 督课
* 稅課 / 税课
* 窗課 / 窗课
* 第二課堂 / 第二课堂
* 缺課 / 缺课 (quēkè)
* 罷課 / 罢课 (bàkè)
* 聽課 / 听课 (tīngkè)
* 自課 / 自课
* 茶課 / 茶课
* 補課 / 补课 (bǔkè)
* 訛言課語 / 讹言课语
* 課入 / 课入
* 課勸 / 课劝
* 課卷 / 课卷
* 課命 / 课命
* 課員 / 课员
* 課嘴撩牙 / 课嘴撩牙
* 課堂 / 课堂 (kètáng)
* 課外 / 课外 (kèwài)
* 課外活動 / 课外活动
* 課外讀物 / 课外读物
* 課外輔導 / 课外辅导
* 課役 / 课役
* 課後輔導 / 课后辅导
* 課徵 / 课征
* 課文 / 课文 (kèwén)
* 課時 / 课时 (kèshí)
* 課本 / 课本 (kèběn)
* 課業 / 课业 (kèyè)
* 課業輔導 / 课业辅导
* 課牙 / 课牙
* 課目 / 课目
* 課程 / 课程 (kèchéng)
* 課稅 / 课税 (kèshuì)
* 課稅所得 / 课税所得
* 課程表 / 课程表 (kèchéngbiǎo)
* 課算 / 课算
* 課藝 / 课艺
* 課表 / 课表 (kèbiǎo)
* 課試 / 课试 (kèshì)
* 課語訛言 / 课语讹言
* 調課 / 调课
* 課金 / 课金 (kèjīn)
* 課銀 / 课银
* 課錢 / 课钱
* 課長 / 课长 (kèzhǎng)
* 課頭 / 课头
* 課題 / 课题 (kètí)
* 課餘 / 课余 (kèyú)
* 課馬 / 课马
* 講課 / 讲课 (jiǎngkè)
* 起課 / 起课 (qǐkè)
* 蹺課 / 跷课
* 蹭課 / 蹭课 (cèngkè)
* 逃課 / 逃课 (táokè)
* 選課 / 选课 (xuǎnkè)
* 重複課稅 / 重复课税
* 量能課稅 / 量能课税
* 開課 / 开课 (kāikè)
* 馬前課 / 马前课
* 鹽課 / 盐课

### Further reading

* “課”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “課”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “课”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 129.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: わりあてる (wariateru, 課てる)、はかる (hakaru, 課る)、こころみる (kokoromiru, 課みる)

### Counter

課(か) • (-ka)
* lessons
    第(だい)二(に)課(か)
       dai-ni-ka
       Lesson 2
* chapters of a book

### Noun

課(か) • (ka)
* lesson
* section, department

### Suffix

課(か) • (-ka)
* section, department
* lesson

### References

* ↑ “課”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

課 (eumhun 과정 과 (gwajeong gwa))
* hanja form of 과 (“lesson”)
* hanja form of 과 (“course”)
* hanja form of 과 (“classwork”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

課: Hán Nôm readings: khóa/khoá, khỏa/khoả, thỏa/thoả, thuở, thuả
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.