# turun
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“young of an animal”). See more at Turkish torun.

### Noun

turun (definite accusative turunu, plural turunlar)
* (Shusha) a two years old young camel
* (Shusha) lineage
    Synonym: nəsil

#### See also

* köşək
* lök

### Further reading

* “turun” in Obastan.com.

## Finnish
### Noun

turun
* genitive singular of turku

### Anagrams

* nurut, runtu, rutun

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* toeroen (1901–1947)

### Etymology

From Malay turun, from Classical Malay turun (“descend”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuʀun (“to descend, go down; to lower”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀ (turun, “to copy”) for sense of to copy.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈturun/ [ˈt̪u.rʊn]
* Rhymes: -urun
* Syllabification: tu‧run

### Verb

turun (intransitive)
* to go down; to alight; to descend
    Antonym: naik
    turun tanggato go down the stairs
* to decrease, to decline.
    Antonym: naik
* to get off
    Antonym: naik
* to end
    Synonym: reda
* to fall
    Synonym: jatuh
* (colloquial) to be received.
* (colloquial) to take to the dance floor; to take to the stage.

#### Derived terms

* berketurunan
* berturun
* diturunkan
* keturunan
* memperturunkan
* menurun
* menuruni
* menurunkan
* penurun
* penurunan
* turun-temurun
* turunan

### Verb

turun
* to copy

#### Derived terms

* menurun
* turunan

### Further reading

* “turun” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

turun
* Romanization of ꦠꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /turun/
** (Johor-Riau) IPA: [tu.ron]
*** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
** (Baku, Northern Peninsular Malay) IPA: [tu.rʊn]
** (Kelantan-Pattani, Terengganu) IPA: [tu.ɣoŋ]
* Rhymes: -run, -un
* Hyphenation: tu‧run

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuRun (“to descend, go down; to lower”). Compare Balinese tuun and Tetum tun.

#### Verb

turun (Jawi spelling تورون)
* (intransitive) To go down, to descend.
    Antonym: naik
** (intransitive) To go from a higher place to a lower place (in terms of geography).
    Kami akan turun ke hilir kejap lagi.We will go down downstream in a bit.
    Kemudian saya turun ke Australia.And then I went down to Australia.
** (intransitive) To go from the countryside to the city.
** (intransitive) To decrease.
    Synonyms: jatuh, merosot, susut
    Kadar faedah akan turun, percayalah aku.Interest rates will go down, trust me.
* (intransitive) To subside (of water).
    Synonym: surut
    Air laut turun pada waktu petang.The sea water subsides in the evening.
* (intransitive) To set (of the sun, moon, etc.).
    Synonyms: terbenam, jatuh
* (figurative, intransitive) To recede (of anger, lust, etc.).
    Synonym: reda
* (ambitransitive) To get off, to alight (of a mode of transport).
    Aku nak turun kat stesen TRX ni.I'm gonna get off at TRX station.
    Para penumpang diminta turun segera dari tren akibat kecemasan.Passengers are asked to alight immediately from the train due to an emergency.
* (ambitransitive) To get on (of a ship).
    Synonym: naik
* (intransitive) To go home.
    Synonyms: balik, pulang
* (intransitive) To be inherited, to be passed down.
* (intransitive) To fall (of rain, snow, etc.).
    Salji turun semasa musim sejuk.Snow falls during winter.
* (intransitive) To fade (lose colour or brightness).
    Synonyms: pudar, luntur

##### Affixations

* berketurunan
* berturun
* keturunan
* menurun
* penurun
* penurunan
* perturun
* perturunan
* turun-temurun / turun-menurun
* turunan
* turuni
* turunkan

##### Compounds

* turun darah
* turun haji
* turun harga
* turun ke sawah
* turun main
* turun makan
* turun mandi / turun ke air
* turun minum
* turun minyak
* turun naik / naik turun
* turun padang
* turun ranjang
* turun takhta / turun dari takhta kerajaan / turun dari kebesaran
* turun tangan
* turun tangga

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

turun (Jawi spelling تورون)
* (transitive) To copy:
** (transitive) To write down something again.
    Synonyms: salin, tiru
** To imitate.
    Synonym: tiru

##### Affixations

* turunan
* turunkan / perturunkan

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “تورن toeroen”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 74
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “تورن turun”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 157
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “turun”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 620

### Further reading

* “turun” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*tuRun”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI