# 閩北
## Chinese

* 閩北

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mǐnběi, Mínběi
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄅㄟˇ, ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄅㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^5$ bak$^1$ / man$^4$ bak$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Mén-pet
    (Hailu, HRS): men$^ˊ$ bed
* Northern Min (KCR): Mâing-bă̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): Mìng-báe̤k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang$^2$ bah$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bân-pak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mǐnběi [Phonetic: mínběi]
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄅㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐnběi
*** Wade–Giles: min$^3$-pei$^3$
*** Yale: mǐn-běi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miinbeei
*** Palladius: миньбэй (minʹbɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /min²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mínběi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄅㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mínběi
*** Wade–Giles: min$^2$-pei$^3$
*** Yale: mín-běi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minbeei
*** Palladius: миньбэй (minʹbɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /min³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^5$ bak$^1$ / man$^4$ bak$^1$
*** Yale: máhn bāk / màhn bāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^5$ bak$^7$ / man$^4$ bak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^5$ beg$^1$ / men$^4$ beg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn¹³ pɐk̚⁵/, /mɐn²¹ pɐk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mén-pet
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˋ$ bed$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^3$ bed$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /men³¹ pet̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˊ$ bed
*** Sinological IPA: /men²⁴⁻³³ pet⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Mâing-bă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /maiŋ³³ pɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Mìng-báe̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$mɔyʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mang$^2$ bah$^6$ [Phonetic: mang$^4$ bah$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Máng-bah
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mang$^2$ bah$^6$ [Phonetic: mang$^4$ bah$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-pak
*** Tâi-lô: Bân-pak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: banpag
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ban¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ban²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ban²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

### Proper noun

閩北
* northern Fujian province

#### Derived terms

* 閩北語 / 闽北语 (mǐnběiyǔ)

### Noun

閩北
* (～話, ～語, ～方言) Northern Min (a variety of Chinese)
** 2002, 李如龍 [Li Rulong], “論閩語與吴語、客贛語的關係”, in 丁邦新 [Ting Pang-hsin], 張雙慶 [Chang Song-hing], editors, 《閩語研究及其與周邊方言的關係》 [The Study of Min Dialects and Its Relationship with Other Peripheral Dialects], Hong Kong: 中文大學出版社 [The Chinese University Press], →ISBN, page 41:
       Guòxì de bǐjiào Mǐnnánhuà hé Mǐndōng, Mǐnběi de chāyì, wǒmen hái kěyǐ kàndào, mǐnnánhuà yǔ kèjiāhuà de mǒuxiē xiāngjìn tèdiǎn zhèngshì zhè zhǒng chāyì de zhǔyào nèiróng. [Pinyin]
       If we carefully examine the differences between Southern Min, Eastern Min and Northern Min, we can see that some of the similarities between Southern Min and Hakka are exactly the main content of this kind of differences.
** 2014, 杜佳倫 [Tu, Chia-lun], “閩語古微歌祭同讀、古文元同讀的歷史層次分析 [A Diachronic Strata Analysis of the Identical Finals of the Archaic Rime Categories “Wei, Go, Ji 微歌祭” and “Wen, Yuan 文元” in Min]”, in 文與哲 [Literature & Philosophy]‎, number 25, page 330:
       běnwén jí yǐ Mǐnyǔ fǎnyìng gǔ wēi gē jì tóngdú, gǔ wén yuán tóngdú de yùndòu zuòwèi fēnxī yánjiū de duìxiàng, yùnyòng xiūdìng de fēnxī fāngfǎ yǔ yánjiū bùzhòu, xiángxì biànxī Mǐnyǔ sān dà cìfāngyán: Mǐnnán, Mǐndōng, Mǐnběi de yùndòu duìyìng guīzé [Pinyin]
       This article takes the Min reflexes of ancient wēi, gē and jì as the same rhyme and ancient wén and yuán as the same rhyme as its object of analytical study, utilising a revised analytical and research methodology to analyse the rhyme correspondences in the three major subdivisions of Min — Southern Min, Eastern Min and Northern Min — in detail
** 2016, 陳祐禎 [Chen You Zhen], “閩語「引誘」語源探討 [The verb “siã” (allure) on Min etymon]”, in 華醫學報 [Bulletin of Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology]‎, number 44, page 150:
       Héyǐ Mǐnzhōngyǔ bù yǐ Mǐnnán, Mǐnběi de “xián” zuòwèi yòngzì? [Pinyin]
       Why doesn't Central Min use the character 涎 in Southern Min and Northern Min?