# 無

| 無 | U+7121, &#28961; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7121 |
| ← 焠 [U+7120] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 焢 → [U+7122] |

## Translingual
### Han character

無 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人廿火 (OTF), four-corner 8033$_1$, composition ⿱⿳𠂉卌一灬)

#### Derived characters

* 㒇, 嘸, 墲, 嫵, 幠, 㣳, 憮, 撫, 潕, 𬍇, 𨼊, 𣊲, 膴, 橅, 㷻, 璑, 𨖴, 𤏠, 瞴, 𥕻, 𥼣, 䌗, 蟱, 譕, 𩻚, 𠓺, 鄦, 甒, 鷡, 廡, 蕪, 䍢, 䉑, 𨶭, 𠢬, 𨅐

#### Related characters

* 无 (Simplified Chinese)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 673, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19113
* Dae Jaweon: page 1081, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2211, character 15
* Unihan data for U+7121

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 無 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 墲 | *m̥ʰaː, *maː, *ma |
| 橅 | *maː |
| 膴 | *hmaː, *ma, *maʔ |
| 幠 | *hmaː |
| 鄦 | *hmaʔ |
| 撫 | *m̥ʰaʔ |
| 無 | *ma |
| 瞴 | *ma, *maʔ |
| 蕪 | *ma |
| 璑 | *ma |
| 鷡 | *ma |
| 譕 | *ma |
| 憮 | *ma, *maʔ |
| 舞 | *maʔ |
| 廡 | *maʔ |
| 嫵 | *maʔ |
| 甒 | *maʔ |
| 潕 | *maʔ |
| 儛 | *maʔ |
Pictogram (象形). A person dancing with ox tails held in both hands to pray for rain.
This character is borrowed for “have no”, and the character 舞 (wǔ) is used for the original sense.

### Etymology 1

* 無 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Mò̤ (Eastern Min)
Core Sino–Tibetan. From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“no, not”); cognate with Tibetan མ་ (ma, “not”) and Burmese မ (ma., “not”).
Cognate with:
* 微 (OC *mɯl, “not, no”)
* 毋 (OC *ma, “do not”)
* 勿 (OC *mɯd, “not, don't”)
* 未 (OC *mɯds, “not yet, haven't”)
* 靡 (OC *mralʔ, “not, no”)
* 亡 (OC *maŋ, “not have; to flee, to disappear, to die”)
* 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to end, to disappear, to drown”)
* 莫 (OC *maːɡ, “none, nobody, nothing; do not; can not”)
Attested profusely in Classical Chinese, this word is the prototypical negation particle in the *m- series of Chinese negatives. In the oracle bone script, however, 無 is not frequently used, and its homophone (or near-homophone) 毋 (OC *ma) is used instead.
See 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) for more on negative particles in Old Chinese.
Perhaps related to 巫 (OC *ma, “shaman, wizard, magician, sorcerer, witch”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wú (wu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mò / vù
    (Hailu, HRS): mo / vu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mo$^2$ / vu$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): vu$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): maǔ / ǔ
* Eastern Min (BUC): mò̤ / ù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bo$^2$ / bu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bô / bû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bho$^5$ / bhu$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$m; $^6$wu / $^2$m; $^2$vu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wú
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wú
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$
*** Yale: wú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$
*** Yale: mòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbu²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò / vù
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo$^ˇ$ / vu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mo$^2$ / vu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/, /vu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo / vu
*** Sinological IPA: /mo⁵⁵/, /vu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mo$^2$ / vu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/, /ʋu¹¹/
* Sixian:
** mò - colloquial;
** vù - literary.
* Hailu:
** mo - colloquial;
** vu - literary.
* Meixian:
** mo2 - colloquial;
** vu2 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: mju
Rime :
| Character | 無 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 |
| Baxter | mju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma/, /*mo/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 無 | 無 | 無 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú | wú | wú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › | ‹ mju › | ‹ mju › |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*ma/ | /*mo/ |
| English | not have | volitional prefix | don’t |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 無 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13117 |
| Phonetic component | 無 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ |

#### Definitions

無
* (literary or Hakka, Min) to not have something; there is not ...
    天空無雲。／天空无云。 ― Tiānkōng wú yún. ― There is no cloud in the sky.
       Góa bô lân-san-chîⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       I don't have any change.
    From: 2019, 林家謙 [Terence Lam], 下一位前度 [NEXT]
    jaa$^5$ heoi$^2$ jat$^1$ soeng$^2$ hei$^2$ mau$^5$ mau$^5$ si$^6$ wai$^4$ jat$^1$ ho$^2$ zung$^1$ ji$^3$, coi$^4$ loi$^4$ hoi$^6$ paa$^3$ mou$^4$ haa$^6$ ci$^3$ kei$^4$ sat$^6$ do$^1$ mo$^1$ fung$^3$ ci$^3$ [Jyutping]
    Maybe once I think of someone as the only one I can love, I would be afraid that there would not be a next time, but it's actually quite ridiculous
* (literary or Min) Negation particle preceding verbs and adjectives. not
    無可／无可 ― wúkě ― can't
    我無求於你。／我无求于你。 ― Wǒ wú qiú yú nǐ. ― I want nothing from you.
* (literary or Min) have not
       Góa bô kā i kóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       I didn't tell him.
* (literary or Hakka, Min) Interrogative particle.
    From: 白居易《問劉十九》
    Wǎnlái tiān yù xuě, néng yǐn yī bēi wú? [Pinyin]
    Night comes and the sky seems like it might snow; could you drink a cup?
* (Hakka, Min) if not; otherwise (placed at the start of a sentence)
* (Hokkien, Teochew) Particle used after a verb to indicate that a goal has not or cannot been accomplished.
    看無／看无 [Hokkien] ― khòaⁿ-bô [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to not understand (when reading or viewing); to be unable to see
       zi$^2$ gai$^7$ ri$^7$ do$^6$ ri$^7$ diêng$^2$ cuê$^7$ bho$^5$. [Peng'im]
       You can't find this word in the dictionary.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) regardless of; no matter whether
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) nothing; nil
    從無到有／从无到有 ― cóng wú dào yǒu ― start from nothing, from scratch
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 毋 (wú, “do not”)
* without; -less; un-
    無情／无情 ― wúqíng ― heartless
    無理／无理 ― wúlǐ ― unreasonable
    無邊／无边 ― wúbiān ― unlimited

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 無, 無有 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 沒有 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 沒有, 沒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 沒有, 沒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 沒有, 沒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 沒有, 沒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 沒有, 沒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 沒有 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 沒有, 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 沒得, 莫得, 没有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冇得 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 沒得, 不得 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 沒得 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 沒得 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 不有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 不有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 不有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 不有 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 沒得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 不得, 沒得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 沒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冇, 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 冇, 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冇, 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冇, 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 冇, 冇有 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 冇, 冇有 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冒有, 冇 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 無 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 無 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 無 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 無 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 無 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 無 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 無 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 無 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 沒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 沒, 沒啦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 無 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 無 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 無 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 無 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 無 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 無 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 無 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 無 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 無 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 無 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 無 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 無 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 無 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 無 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 無 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 無 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 無 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 嘸沒, 嘸 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 嘸不 |
| Wu | Danyang | 無則, 沒得 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 沒有 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 嘸不 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 唔有 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 嘸沒, 嘸 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 冇 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 嘸, 嘸沒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冇得, 冇 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 冇得 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Nenjiang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Mohe | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tailai | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiyan | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Lanxi | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Boli | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiayin | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Muling | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Dongning | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ning'an | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Linkou | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Zhaozhou | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Zhaodong | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Mishan | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shangzhi | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongjiang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jingzhou (Shashi) | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Dingxing | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wudi | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan (Zhangqiu) | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Dezhou | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tai'an | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xintai | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Zichuan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Boshan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Yinan | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Laizhou | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weihai | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Rongcheng | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yishui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ningyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuncheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Hongtong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangluo | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luonan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Danfeng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangnan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shanyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhen'an | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pingli | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xunyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lueyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Mianxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yangxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Baqiao) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Yanliang) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Lintong) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Chang'an) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Huyi) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Gaoling) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhouzhi | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lantian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xianyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xingping | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wugong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qianxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Liquan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jingyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sanyuan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yongshou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Changwu | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongchuan (Wangyi) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongchuan (Yaozhou) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yijun | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Weinan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Weinan (Huazhou) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Hancheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huayin | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongguan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dali | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Heyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Chengcheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baishui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pucheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuping | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huanglong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yichuan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huangling | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luochuan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji (Chencang) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fengchang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qishan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fufeng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Meixian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Taibai | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fengxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qianyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Longxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linyou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pizhou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Suqian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lianyungang (Ganyu) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Bengbu | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Suzhou, Anhui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huaibei | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Guangde (Qiuzhuang) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qimen (Anling; Junhua) | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jiuquan | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Shandan | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xindu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xinfan, Xindu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Huayang, Shuangliu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Pidu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Wenjiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Shuangliu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xinjin) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jintang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pengzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dujiangyan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dayi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pujiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qionglai | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jianyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiaojin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jinchuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Songpan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Maoxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lixian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wenchuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Deyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Deyang (Luojiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianzhu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shifang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanghan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhongjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Anyue | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lezhi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianyang (Anzhou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zitong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiangyou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiangyou (Zhangming) | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingwu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Beichuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yanting | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Santai | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guangyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guangyuan (Zhaohua) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Cangxi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiange | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Meishan | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pengshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Danling | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hongya | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qingshen | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Renshou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhou (Naxi) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xuyong | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gulin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hejiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yibin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yibin (Nanxi) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gaoxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changning | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gongxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xingwen (Gusong) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xingwen (Bowangshan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiang'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Junlian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Leshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiajiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Emeishan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ebian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qianwei | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mabian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingyan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Neijiang | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zizhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Weiyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Longchang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Suining | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pengxi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shehong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guang'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yuechi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wusheng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Linshui | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanbu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Langzhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yilong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Peng'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kaijiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wanyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xuanhan | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bazhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tongjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Fushun | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Rongxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Leibo | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Nanchuan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Dazu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Rongchang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Yongchuan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Bishan) | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Tongliang) | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Tongnan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Hechuan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Changshou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Fuling) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Jiangjin) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Wanzhou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Shizhu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Kaizhou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Chengkou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Dianjiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Liangping) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Fengdu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Zhongxian) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Qianjiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Pengshui) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Youyang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Xiushan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Yunyang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Wuxi) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Fengjie) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Wushan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Jiangxia) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Caidian) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Xinzhou) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Huangpi) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanchuan | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Suizhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Suixian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dangyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhijiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yidu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changyang | 不, 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigui | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wufeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Enshi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hefeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Badong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xuan'en | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Laifeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lichuan | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jianshi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xianfeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Laohekou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Baokang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanzhang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zaoyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yicheng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gucheng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiangling | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shishou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gong'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Songzi | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingmen | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhongchang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiantao | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qianjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shennongjia | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiyan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhuxi | 冒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhushan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yunxi | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yunyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Danjiangkou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Fangxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lhasa | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Baoshan, Yunnan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qujing | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wenshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pu'er | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lincang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 沒, 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhangjiajie | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Huitong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ganzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ningshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Langao | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhenping | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong (Nanzheng) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ningqiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuba | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chenggu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Foping | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xixiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhenba | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing (Pukou) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing (Luhe) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing (Lishui) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou (Jiangdu) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Gaoyou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yizheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taixing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou (Jiangyan) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jingjiang (Dongxing) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jurong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang (Haizhou) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Guanyun | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Guannan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huai'an District) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Hongze) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuyi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jinhu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rudong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hai'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Dongtai | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Binhai | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sheyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng (Dafeng) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Funing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jianhu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xiangshui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Shuyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sihong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Siyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Tongcheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zongyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chizhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Qingyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu (Wanzhi) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu (Jinghu) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu (Fanchang) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuwei | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hanshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hexian | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Ma'anshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Dangtu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuancheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Langxi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Feidong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Feixi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chaohu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lujiang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Changfeng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huainan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lu'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lu'an (Qingshuihe, Jin'an) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Shucheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huoshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chuzhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lai'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Quanjiao | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Mingguang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Tianchang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Ezhou (Echeng) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huangshi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Macheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Luotian | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yingshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xishui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huangmei | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuxue | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Qichun | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xiaogan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anlu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yingcheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yunmeng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Dawu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Guangshui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhashui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jiujiang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Ruichang | 不 |
| Mandarin | Ningguo (Gangkou) | 不 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Yonghe) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang (Yangdong) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yangdong (Yashao) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yangxi | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Yangjiao) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Gaozhou | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Zhanjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Cangwu (Liubao) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 冇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不 |
| Gan | Nanchang (Wangcheng) | 冒 |
| Gan | Anyi | 不 |
| Gan | Hukou | 不 |
| Gan | Lushan | 不 |
| Gan | Yongxiu | 不 |
| Gan | Xiushui | 不 |
| Gan | Pengze | 不 |
| Gan | Duchang | 不 |
| Gan | Wuning (Quankou) | 不 |
| Gan | Poyang | 不 |
| Gan | Yugan | 不 |
| Gan | Wannian | 冒 |
| Gan | Yiyang, Jiangxi | 不 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 莫 |
| Gan | Leping | 不 |
| Gan | Yichun | 冇 |
| Gan | Yifeng | 不 |
| Gan | Gao'an | 唔 |
| Gan | Fengxin | 不 |
| Gan | Shanggao | 唔 |
| Gan | Wanzai | 唔 |
| Gan | Fengcheng | 不 |
| Gan | Xinyu | 不 |
| Gan | Fuzhou | 不 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Dongxiang) | 不, 唔 |
| Gan | Nancheng | 不 |
| Gan | Nanfeng | 不 |
| Gan | Yihuang | 不 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 不 |
| Gan | Chongren | 冒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 冒 |
| Gan | Lianhua | 不, 唔 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 不 |
| Gan | Jishui (Luotian) | 不 |
| Gan | Yongfeng | 不 |
| Gan | Taihe | 唔 |
| Gan | Xiajiang | 冒 |
| Gan | Yongxin | 唔 |
| Gan | Yingtan (Yujiang) | 不 |
| Gan | Guixi | 沒 |
| Gan | Susong | 不 |
| Gan | Susong (Heta) | 不 |
| Gan | Wangjiang | 不 |
| Gan | Qianshan | 不 |
| Gan | Huaining | 不 |
| Gan | Dongzhi | 不 |
| Gan | Shitai | 不 |
| Gan | Yangxin | 不 |
| Gan | Daye | 不 |
| Gan | Xianning | 不 |
| Gan | Xianning (Maqiao) | 不 |
| Gan | Jiayu | 不 |
| Gan | Chongyang | 不 |
| Gan | Chibi | 冒 |
| Gan | Tongshan | 不 |
| Gan | Jianli | 不 |
| Gan | Yueyang | 不 |
| Gan | Pingjiang (Xijiang) | 不 |
| Gan | Liuyang | 不 |
| Gan | Liling (Baitutan) | 不 |
| Gan | Youxian | 不 |
| Gan | Chaling | 唔 |
| Gan | Leiyang | 唔 |
| Gan | Jianning | 唔 |
| Gan | Jinxian | 不 |
| Gan | Jinxi | 冒 |
| Gan | Le'an | 冒 |
| Gan | Guangchang | 冒 |
| Gan | Anfu | 冒 |
| Gan | Suichuan | 唔 |
| Gan | Wan'an | 唔 |
| Gan | Jing'an | 沒 |
| Gan | Zhangshu | 冒 |
| Gan | Xingan | 冒 |
| Gan | Fenyi | 冒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 唔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 唔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Changting | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 唔 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 唔 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 唔, 不 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 晤 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Nankang) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Quannan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Dingnan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Longnan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Xunwu | 冒 |
| Hakka | Anyuan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Huichang | 冒 |
| Hakka | Chongyi | 唔 |
| Hakka | Xingguo | 莫 |
| Hakka | Yunhe (Jinshuitan) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Tonggu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Fengxin (Zaoxi) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 唔 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 無 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 冒 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 冇 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 不 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 不 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 不 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Huizhou) | 不 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 沒 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 不 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 不 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Qiandaohu) | 不 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Meicheng) | 弗 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Shouchang) | 勿 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不 |
| Jin | Jinzhong (Taigu) | 不 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 不 |
| Jin | Heshun | 不 |
| Jin | Qixian | 不 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 不 |
| Jin | Datong | 不 |
| Jin | Guangling | 不 |
| Jin | Suozhou (Pinglu) | 不 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 不 |
| Jin | Wuzhai | 不 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 不 |
| Jin | Shilou | 不 |
| Jin | Linxian | 不 |
| Jin | Wenshui | 不 |
| Jin | Xixian | 不 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 不 |
| Jin | Changzhi (Tunliu) | 不 |
| Jin | Linhe | 不 |
| Jin | Zhangzi | 不 |
| Jin | Qinxian | 不 |
| Jin | Lingchuan | 不 |
| Jin | Jining | 不 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 不 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 不 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 不 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 不 |
| Jin | Handan | 不 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 不 |
| Jin | Suide | 不 |
| Jin | Zizhou | 不 |
| Jin | Mizhi | 不 |
| Jin | Jiaxian | 不 |
| Jin | Wubu | 不 |
| Jin | Shenmu | 不 |
| Jin | Fugu | 不 |
| Jin | Yulin | 不 |
| Jin | Yulin (Hengshan) | 不 |
| Jin | Jingbian | 不 |
| Jin | Yan'an | 不 |
| Jin | Yan'an (Ansai) | 不 |
| Jin | Ganquan | 不 |
| Jin | Zhidan | 不 |
| Jin | Wuqi | 不 |
| Jin | Qingjian | 不 |
| Jin | Zichang | 不 |
| Jin | Yanchuan | 不 |
| Jin | Yanchang | 不 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 弗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Taishun | 伓 |
| Eastern Min | Cangnan | 冇, 無 |
| Eastern Min | Cixi (Guanhaiwei) | 伓 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 毋, 𣍐 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Cangnan | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Langxi (Feili) | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 唔 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 唔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 唔 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 伓 |
| Southern Min | Maoming (Xiadong, Dianbai) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 無 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 冒, 唔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 唔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 唔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 唔 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 唔 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冇 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 冇 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 不 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 嘸 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Zhengkeng) | 嘸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Yangpu) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 勿, 弗 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Huinan, Pudong) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 弗, 勿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Xishan, Wuzhong) | 弗 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 弗 |
| Wu | Changshu | 弗 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Zhangjiagang | 弗 |
| Wu | Qidong | 弗 |
| Wu | Qidong (Lüsi) | 不 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 弗 |
| Wu | Haimen (Sijia) | 不 |
| Wu | Rudong | 弗 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 弗 |
| Wu | Jiashan | 弗 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 弗 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 弗 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 弗 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 弗 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Liyang | 弗 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yixing | 勿 |
| Wu | Danyang | 弗 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 不 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 弗 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 不 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Changxing | 弗 |
| Wu | Anji | 弗 |
| Wu | Anji (Xiaofeng) | 弗 |
| Wu | Deqing | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 不 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Changfa, Lin'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuqian, Lin'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 弗 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 勿 |
| Wu | Tonglu (Wusheng) | 不 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 勿 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Keqiao) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Shangyu) | 勿 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 弗 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 弗 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 勿, 嘸沒 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 弗 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Fenghua) | 弗 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Beilun) | 勿 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Yinzhou) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 勿 |
| Wu | Cixi | 弗 |
| Wu | Xiangshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Ninghai | 弗 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 弗 |
| Wu | Zhoushan (Dinghai) | 弗 |
| Wu | Daishan | 弗 |
| Wu | Shengsi | 勿 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 弗 |
| Wu | Tiantai | 弗, 勿 |
| Wu | Xianju | 弗 |
| Wu | Sanmen | 弗 |
| Wu | Linhai | 弗 |
| Wu | Wenling | 弗 |
| Wu | Yuhuan | 弗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 否 |
| Wu | Yueqing | 否 |
| Wu | Yongjia | 否 |
| Wu | Rui'an | 否 |
| Wu | Pingyang | 否 |
| Wu | Taishun | 否 |
| Wu | Wencheng | 否 |
| Wu | Lishui | 否 |
| Wu | Qingtian | 否 |
| Wu | Jinyun | 弗 |
| Wu | Wuyi (Liucheng) | 弗 |
| Wu | Songyang (Xiping) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yunhe | 否 |
| Wu | Jingning | 否 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 否 |
| Wu | Longquan | 否 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Quzhou (Duze, Qujiang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Suichang | 否 |
| Wu | Jiangshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Changshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Kaihua | 弗 |
| Wu | Longyou | 弗 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 弗 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 弗 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 弗 |
| Wu | Pujiang | 弗 |
| Wu | Dongyang | 弗 |
| Wu | Wuyi | 弗 |
| Wu | Lanxi | 弗 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 嘸 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 唔 |
| Wu | Tongling (Xihu & Shun'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Nanling | 不 |
| Wu | Tongling (Yi'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Huangshan | 不 |
| Wu | Jingxian | 不 |
| Wu | Jingxian (Zhaji) | 不 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 嘸 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 不, 唔 |
| Xiang | Yiyang, Hunan | 不 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 不 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 不 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 不 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 不 |
| Xiang | Xinhua | 唔 |
| Xiang | Lianyuan | 不 |
| Xiang | Shaoyang | 唔, 莫 |
| Xiang | Wugang | 不, 冇 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 不 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 不 |
| Xiang | Qiyang | 不 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 不 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 沒 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 不 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 不, 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 唔 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不到 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 不到 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 不到 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不到 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔到 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔到 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔到 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 唔到 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔到 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 無 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 無 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 無 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 弗著 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 弗著 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 弗著 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

##### See also

* (interrogative particle) 未 (wèi), 嗎／吗 (ma), 否 (fǒu)

#### Compounds

* 一無所得 / 一无所得 (yīwúsuǒdé)
* 一無所獲 / 一无所获 (yīwúsuǒhuò)
* 人無遠慮，必有近憂 / 人无远虑，必有近忧 (rén wú yuǎnlǜ, bì yǒu jìnyōu)
* 仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无 (sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô) (Min Nan)
* 巨細無遺 / 巨细无遗 (jùxìwúyí)
* 慘無人道 / 惨无人道 (cǎnwúréndào)
* 有無 / 有无 (yǒuwú)
* 無一定 / 无一定 (bô-it-tēng)
* 無上 / 无上 (wúshàng)
* 無下箸處 / 无下箸处
* 無不 / 无不 (wúbù)
* 無中生有 / 无中生有 (wúzhōng-shēngyǒu)
* 無主 / 无主 (wúzhǔ)
* 無事 / 无事 (wúshì)
* 無事不登三寶殿 / 无事不登三宝殿 (wúshì bù dēng sānbǎo diàn)
* 無事忙 / 无事忙
* 無事生非 / 无事生非 (wúshìshēngfēi)
* 無二 / 无二 (wú'èr)
* 無人 / 无人 (wúrén)
* 無人問津 / 无人问津 (wúrénwènjīn)
* 無人售票 / 无人售票
* 無他 / 无他
* 無以復加 / 无以复加 (wúyǐfùjiā)
* 無休止 / 无休止 (wúxiūzhǐ)
* 無依無靠 / 无依无靠 (wúyīwúkào)
* 無偌久 / 无偌久 (bô-gōa-kú)
* 無債一身輕 / 无债一身轻
* 無傷大雅 / 无伤大雅 (wúshāngdàyǎ)
* 無價之寶 / 无价之宝 (wújiàzhībǎo)
* 無償 / 无偿 (wúcháng)
* 無冕之王 / 无冕之王
* 無冤無仇 / 无冤无仇 (wúyuānwúchóu)
* 無冬歷夏 / 无冬历夏
* 無冬無夏 / 无冬无夏
* 無出其右 / 无出其右 (wúchūqíyòu)
* 無利 / 无利
* 無前 / 无前
* 無力 / 无力 (wúlì)
* 無功 / 无功
* 無功不受祿 / 无功不受禄 (wúgōngbùshòulù)
* 無功受祿 / 无功受禄 (wúgōngshòulù)
* 無助 / 无助 (wúzhù)
* 無助於 / 无助于
* 無動於中 / 无动于中 (wúdòngyúzhōng)
* 無動於衷 / 无动于衷 (wúdòngyúzhōng)
* 無匹 / 无匹
* 無及 / 无及 (wújí)
* 無口 / 无口
* 無可厚非 / 无可厚非 (wúkěhòufēi)
* 無可奈何 / 无可奈何 (wúkěnàihé)
* 無可奈何花落去 / 无可奈何花落去
* 無可奉告 / 无可奉告 (wúkěfènggào)
* 無可救藥 / 无可救药 (wúkějiùyào)
* 無可比擬 / 无可比拟 (wúkěbǐnǐ)
* 無可無不可 / 无可无不可
* 無可爭辯 / 无可争辩 (wúkězhēngbiàn)
* 無可置疑 / 无可置疑 (wúkězhìyí)
* 無可諱言 / 无可讳言 (wúkěhuìyán)
* 無可非議 / 无可非议 (wúkěfēiyì)
* 無名 / 无名 (wúmíng)
* 無名小卒 / 无名小卒 (wúmíng xiǎozú)
* 無名指 / 无名指 (wúmíngzhǐ)
* 無名氏 / 无名氏 (wúmíngshì)
* 無名火 / 无名火 (wúmínghuǒ)
* 無名英雄 / 无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
* 無告 / 无告 (wúgào)
* 無味 / 无味 (wúwèi)
* 無品 / 无品
* 無啥物 / 无啥物 (bô-siáⁿ-mih)
* 無問題 / 无问题 (mò-mun-thì)
* 無地 / 无地 (wúdì)
* 無地自容 / 无地自容 (wúdìzìróng)
* 無坐力炮 / 无坐力炮
* 無垠 / 无垠 (wúyín)
* 無垢 / 无垢
* 無堅不摧 / 无坚不摧 (wújiānbùcuī)
* 無大無小 / 无大无小
* 無奈 / 无奈 (wúnài)
* 無奇不有 / 无奇不有 (wúqíbùyǒu)
* 無奈何 / 无奈何
* 無妄之災 / 无妄之灾 (wúwàngzhīzāi)
* 無妨 / 无妨 (wúfáng)
* 無孔不人 / 无孔不人
* 無官一身輕 / 无官一身轻
* 無害 / 无害 (wúhài)
* 無家可歸 / 无家可归 (wú jiā kě guī)
* 無局 / 无局
* 無巧不成書 / 无巧不成书 (wúqiǎobùchéngshū)
* 無已 / 无已 (wúyǐ)
* 無常 / 无常 (wúcháng)
* 無干 (wúgān)
* 無幾 / 无几 (wújǐ)
* 無序 / 无序 (wúxù)
* 無底 / 无底
* 無底洞 / 无底洞 (wúdǐdòng)
* 無度 / 无度 (wúdù)
* 無張持 / 无张持 (bô-tiuⁿ-tî) (Min Nan)
* 無形 / 无形 (wúxíng)
* 無形中 / 无形中 (wúxíngzhōng)
* 無形資本 / 无形资本
* 無彩 / 无彩 (bô-chhái) (Min Nan)
* 無影無蹤 / 无影无踪 (wúyǐngwúzōng)
* 無影燈 / 无影灯 (wúyǐngdēng)
* 無往不利 / 无往不利 (wúwǎngbùlì)
* 無往不勝 / 无往不胜 (wúwǎngbùshèng)
* 無後 / 无后 (wúhòu)
* 無後坐力炮 / 无后坐力炮
* 無徒 / 无徒
* 無從 / 无从 (wúcóng)
* 無微不至 / 无微不至 (wúwēibùzhì)
* 無德 / 无德 (wúdé)
* 無心 / 无心 (wúxīn)
* 無忌 / 无忌 (wújì)
* 無怪 / 无怪 (wúguài)
* 無性 / 无性 (wúxìng)
* 無性生殖 / 无性生殖 (wúxìng shēngzhí)
* 無性雜交 / 无性杂交
* 無恥 / 无耻 (wúchǐ)
* 無恆 / 无恒
* 無恙 / 无恙 (wúyàng)
* 無息貸款 / 无息贷款
* 無患 / 无患 (wúhuàn)
* 無悔 / 无悔
* 無情 / 无情 (wúqíng)
* 無惡不作 / 无恶不作 (wú'èbùzuò)
* 無情無義 / 无情无义 (wúqíngwúyì)
* 無意 / 无意 (wúyì)
* 無意識 / 无意识 (wúyìshí)
* 無愧 / 无愧 (wúkuì)
* 無憂無慮 / 无忧无虑 (wúyōuwúlǜ)
* 無懈可擊 / 无懈可击 (wúxièkějī)
* 無成 / 无成 (wúchéng)
* 無我 / 无我 (wúwǒ)
* 無所不包 / 无所不包 (wúsuǒbùbāo)
* 無所不可 / 无所不可
* 無所不在 / 无所不在 (wúsuǒbùzài)
* 無所不有 / 无所不有
* 無所不為 / 无所不为 (wúsuǒbùwéi)
* 無所不用其極 / 无所不用其极 (wú suǒ bùyòng qí jí)
* 無所不知 / 无所不知 (wúsuǒbùzhī)
* 無所不能 / 无所不能 (wúsuǒbùnéng)
* 無所事事 / 无所事事 (wúsuǒshìshì)
* 無所作為 / 无所作为 (wúsuǒzuòwéi)
* 無所措手足 / 无所措手足 (wú suǒ cuò shǒu zú)
* 無所用心 / 无所用心 (wúsuǒyòngxīn)
* 無所畏懼 / 无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)
* 無所謂 / 无所谓 (wúsuǒwèi)
* 無所適從 / 无所适从 (wúsuǒshìcóng)
* 無才 / 无才
* 無拘無束 / 无拘无束 (wújūwúshù)
* 無指 / 无指 (wúzhǐ)
* 無措 / 无措 (wúcuò)
* 無援 / 无援 (wúyuán)
* 無損 / 无损 (wúsǔn)
* 無政府主義 / 无政府主义 (wúzhèngfǔzhǔyì)
* 無故 / 无故 (wúgù)
* 無效 / 无效 (wúxiào)
* 無數 / 无数 (wúshù)
* 無敵 / 无敌 (wúdí)
* 無料 / 无料
* 無方 / 无方
* 無日 / 无日
* 無日無之 / 无日无之 (wúrìwúzhī)
* 無明火 / 无明火 (wúmínghuǒ)
* 無時 / 无时 (wúshí)
* 無時無刻 / 无时无刻 (wúshíwúkè)
* 無暇 / 无暇 (wúxiá)
* 無月 / 无月
* 無望 / 无望 (wúwàng)
* 無期徒刑 / 无期徒刑 (wúqī túxíng)
* 無柄葉 / 无柄叶
* 無核 / 无核
* 無核國家 / 无核国家
* 無條件 / 无条件 (wútiáojiàn)
* 無條件刺激 / 无条件刺激
* 無條件反射 / 无条件反射
* 無棣 / 无棣
* 無極 / 无极 (wújí)
* 無業 / 无业 (wúyè)
* 無業遊民 / 无业游民 (wúyèyóumín)
* 無機 / 无机 (wújī)
* 無機化合物 / 无机化合物 (wújī huàhéwù)
* 無機化學 / 无机化学 (wújī huàxué)
* 無機合成 / 无机合成
* 無機物 / 无机物 (wújīwù)
* 無機肥料 / 无机肥料 (wújī féiliào)
* 無機酸 / 无机酸
* 無機鹽 / 无机盐 (wújīyán)
* 無權 / 无权 (wúquán)
* 無欲 / 无欲 (bô-beh)
* 無止境 / 无止境 (wúzhǐjìng)
* 無殊 / 无殊
* 無毒 / 无毒 (wúdú)
* 無比 / 无比 (wúbǐ)
* 無毛 / 无毛 (wúmáo)
* 無氧 / 无氧
* 無水 / 无水
* 無法 / 无法 (wúfǎ)
* 無法無天 / 无法无天 (wúfǎwútiān)
* 無涉 / 无涉 (wúshè)
* 無涯 / 无涯 (wúyá)
* 無源之水，無本之木 / 无源之水，无本之木 (wúyuán zhī shuǐ, wúběn zhī mù)
* 無漏 / 无漏
* 無濟於事 / 无济于事 (wújìyúshì)
* 無為 / 无为 (wúwéi)
* 無……無…… / 无……无……
* 無煙火藥 / 无烟火药 (wúyān huǒyào)
* 無煙煤 / 无烟煤 (wúyānméi)
* 無牌 / 无牌
* 無牙 / 无牙
* 無物 / 无物 (wúwù)
* 無牽無掛 / 无牵无挂 (wúqiānwúguà)
* 無狀 / 无状
* 無猜 / 无猜 (wúcāi)
* 無獨有偶 / 无独有偶 (wúdú-yǒu'ǒu)
* 無理 / 无理 (wúlǐ)
* 無理函數 / 无理函数
* 無理取鬧 / 无理取闹 (wúlǐqǔnào)
* 無理式 / 无理式
* 無理強辯 / 无理强辩
* 無理數 / 无理数 (wúlǐshù)
* 無理方程 / 无理方程
* 無理根 / 无理根
* 無瑕 / 无瑕 (wúxiá)
* 無產 / 无产 (wúchǎn)
* 無產者 / 无产者 (wúchǎnzhě)
* 無產階級 / 无产阶级 (wúchǎn jiējí)
* 無產階級專政 / 无产阶级专政 (wúchǎn jiējí zhuānzhèng)
* 無產階級文化大革命 / 无产阶级文化大革命 (Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng)
* 無用 / 无用 (wúyòng)
* 無用功 / 无用功 (wúyònggōng)
* 無由 / 无由 (wúyóu)
* 無畏 / 无畏 (wúwèi)
* 無異 / 无异 (wúyì)
* 無疆 / 无疆 (wújiāng)
* 無疑 / 无疑 (wúyí)
* 無病呻吟 / 无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)
* 無痛 / 无痛 (wútòng)
* 無痛分娩 / 无痛分娩
* 無的放矢 / 无的放矢 (wúdìfàngshǐ)
* 無益 / 无益 (wúyì)
* 無盡 / 无尽 (wújìn)
* 無盡無休 / 无尽无休 (wújìnwúxiū)
* 無知 / 无知 (wúzhī)
* 無神 / 无神 (wúshén)
* 無神論 / 无神论 (wúshénlùn)
* 無視 / 无视 (wúshì)
* 無祿 / 无禄
* 無禮 / 无礼 (wúlǐ)
* 無私 / 无私 (wúsī)
* 無私有弊 / 无私有弊
* 無稽 / 无稽 (wújī)
* 無窮 / 无穷 (wúqióng)
* 無窮大 / 无穷大
* 無窮小 / 无穷小
* 無窮無盡 / 无穷无尽 (wúqióngwújìn)
* 無立錐之地 / 无立锥之地
* 無端 / 无端 (wúduān)
* 無策 / 无策 (wúcè)
* 無算 / 无算
* 無米之炊 / 无米之炊
* 無籽果實 / 无籽果实
* 無精打采 (wújīngdǎcǎi)
* 無糖 / 无糖 (wútáng)
* 無緣 / 无缘 (wúyuán)
* 無緣無故 / 无缘无故 (wúyuánwúgù)
* 無線電 / 无线电 (wúxiàndiàn)
* 無線電傳真 / 无线电传真
* 無線電報導 / 无线电报导
* 無線電收音機 / 无线电收音机
* 無線電波 / 无线电波 (wúxiàndiànbō)
* 無線電發射機 / 无线电发射机
* 無線電視 / 无线电视
* 無線電臺 / 无线电台
* 無線電話 / 无线电话 (wúxiàn diànhuà)
* 無線電通信 / 无线电通信
* 無線電電子學 / 无线电电子学
* 無縫 / 无缝 (wúfèng)
* 無縫鋼管 / 无缝钢管
* 無繩電話 / 无绳电话
* 無缺 / 无缺 (wúquē)
* 無罪 / 无罪 (wúzuì)
* 無翅 / 无翅
* 無聊 / 无聊 (wúliáo)
* 無聊賴 / 无聊赖 (wúliáolài)
* 無聲 / 无声 (wúshēng)
* 無聲無息 / 无声无息 (wúshēngwúxī)
* 無聲無臭 / 无声无臭
* 無聲片 / 无声片
* 無聲片兒 / 无声片儿
* 無職 / 无职
* 無能 / 无能 (wúnéng)
* 無脊椎動物 / 无脊椎动物
* 無能為力 / 无能为力 (wúnéngwéilì)
* 無與倫比 / 无与伦比 (wúyǔlúnbǐ)
* 無色 / 无色 (wúsè)
* 無花果 / 无花果 (wúhuāguǒ)
* 無茶 / 无茶
* 無著 / 无著 (wúzhuó)
* 無華 / 无华 (wúhuá)
* 無菌 / 无菌 (wújūn)
* 無薪假 / 无薪假 (wúxīnjià)
* 無處存身 / 无处存身
* 無虞 / 无虞 (wúyú)
* 無血 / 无血
* 無補 / 无补 (wúbǔ)
* 無裨 / 无裨
* 無要緊 / 无要紧 (mò-yeu-kín)
* 無見 / 无见
* 無親無故 / 无亲无故 (wúqīnwúgù)
* 無言以對 / 无言以对 (wúyányǐduì)
* 無計 / 无计 (wújì)
* 無計可施 / 无计可施 (wújìkěshī)
* 無記名投票 / 无记名投票 (wújìmíng tóupiào)
* 無話不說 / 无话不说 (wúhuàbùshuō)
* 無話可說 / 无话可说 (wúhuàkěshuō)
* 無誤 / 无误 (wúwù)
* 無語 / 无语 (wúyǔ)
* 無論 / 无论 (wúlùn)
* 無論如何 / 无论如何 (wúlùnrúhé)
* 無謀 / 无谋 (wúmóu)
* 無謂 / 无谓 (wúwèi)
* 無貨 / 无货
* 無賴 / 无赖 (wúlài)
* 無趣 / 无趣 (wúqù)
* 無足輕重 / 无足轻重 (wúzúqīngzhòng)
* 無路可走 / 无路可走
* 無路用 / 无路用 (bô-lō͘-ēng) (Min Nan)
* 無軌電車 / 无轨电车 (wúguǐ diànchē)
* 無辜 / 无辜 (wúgū)
* 無道 / 无道 (wúdào)
* 無遺 / 无遗 (wúyí)
* 無邊 / 无边 (wúbiān)
* 無邪 / 无邪 (wúxié)
* 無酸硫 / 无酸硫
* 無量 / 无量 (wúliàng)
* 無鉛 / 无铅 (wúqiān)
* 無錫 / 无锡 (Wúxī)
* 無間 / 无间 (wújiàn)
* 無關 / 无关 (wúguān)
* 無關宏旨 / 无关宏旨
* 無關痛癢 / 无关痛痒 (wúguāntòngyǎng)
* 無關緊要 / 无关紧要 (wúguānjǐnyào)
* 無阻 / 无阻 (wúzǔ)
* 無限 / 无限 (wúxiàn)
* 無限公司 / 无限公司 (wúxiàn gōngsī)
* 無限大 / 无限大
* 無限小 / 无限小
* 無限期 / 无限期 (wúxiànqī)
* 無隙可乘 / 无隙可乘 (wúxìkěchéng)
* 無際 / 无际 (wújì)
* 無雙 / 无双 (wúshuāng)
* 無難 / 无难
* 無需 / 无需 (wúxū)
* 無霜期 / 无霜期 (wúshuāngqī)
* 無非 / 无非 (wúfēi)
* 無音 / 无音 (wúyīn)
* 無須 / 无须 (wúxū)
* 無頜 / 无颌
* 無頭案 / 无头案 (wútóu'àn)
* 無頭神 / 无头神 (bô-thâu-sîn)
* 無顏 / 无颜 (wúyán)
* 無題 / 无题 (wútí)
* 無風 / 无风 (wúfēng)
* 無風不起浪 / 无风不起浪 (wú fēng bù qǐ làng)
* 無餘 / 无余
* 無馱 / 无驮
* 無鹽 / 无盐 (wúyán)
* 算無遺策 / 算无遗策 (suànwúyícè)
* 絕無僅有 / 绝无仅有 (juéwújǐnyǒu)
* 若無 / 若无 (nā-bô)
* 體無完膚 / 体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 無(む) (mu); 無(ぶ) (bu)
* → Korean: 무(無) (mu)
* → Vietnamese: vô (無)
* → Peranakan Indonesian: bo

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mó (mo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mo$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mò
    (Hailu, HRS): mo
* Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mo
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mó
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mó
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$
*** Yale: mwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo
*** Sinological IPA: /mo⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mo
*** MiniDict: mo$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mo
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/

#### Definitions

無
* Only used in 南無／南无 (nāmó).

#### Compounds

* 南無 / 南无
* 南無阿彌陀佛 / 南无阿弥陀佛

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 無 – see 冇 (“to not have; to not exist; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 冇).

### Further reading

* “無”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “無”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* nothing
* nothingness
* none
* nil
* not

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぶ (bu, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: も (mo)
* Kun: ない (nai, 無い, Jōyō)、なみする (namisuru, 無みする)、なみする (namisuru, 無する)

#### Compounds

* 無(む)明(みょう) (mumyō): unenlightment; ignorance of nirvana
* 神(かん)無(な)月(づき) (kannazuki): (archaic) the tenth month of the lunar calendar
* 無(む)形(ぎょう) (mugyō): formlessness, bodylessness; something shapeless and invisible
* 無(む)形(けい) (mukei): intangibility; incorporeality
* 無(む)見(けん) (muken): the belief that everything in this world is completely null and void, with no substance
* 無(む)名(めい) (mumei): nameless, anonymous, unsigned; anonymity
* 無(む)用(よう) (muyō): futility; uselessness
* 無(む)機(き) (muki): inorganic
* 無(む)双(そう) (musō): matchless, peerless
* 苦(く)無(ない) (kunai): a kunai
* 無(む)月(げつ) (mugetsu): when the moon is not visible due to rain or some other reason
* 無(ぶ)精(しょう) (bushō): laziness
* 無(む)力(りょく) (muryoku): powerless; incompetent
* 無(む)力(りょく)感(かん) (muryokukan): a feeling of powerlessness
* 無(む)意(い)識(しき) (muishiki): unconscious, unconsciousness
* 無(む)限(げん) (mugen): infinity; limitless; unlimited
* 無(ぶ)人(にん) (bunin): uninhabited, unmanned

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 無
* む Grade: 4
* goon
* Alternative spelling
* 无
From Middle Chinese 無 (MC mju). The 呉音 (goon), so likely an earlier borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) む [múꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mɯ̟]

#### Noun

無(む) • (mu)
* nothing, nothingness
* (Buddhism) mu; the null set: neither yes nor no (in response to a koan or other question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer).

##### Descendants

* → English: mu

#### Prefix

無(む) • (mu-)
* non-, un-

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 無
* ぶ Grade: 4
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 無 (bu). The 漢音 (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing.

#### Prefix

無(ぶ) • (bu-)
* non-, un-

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 无, 橆

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 無 (MC mju). Recorded as Middle Korean 무 (mwu) (Yale: mwu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mu]
* Phonetic hangul: [무]

### Hanja

Wikisource 無 (eumhun 없을 무 (eopseul mu))
* hanja form of 무 (“nothing”)
* hanja form of 무 (“no; non”)
* hanja form of 무 (“(Buddhism) the null set: neither yes nor no (in response to a koan or a question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer)”)

#### Compounds

* 무기 (無機, mugi, “inorganic”)
* 무력 (無力, muryeok, “powerlessness”)
* 무명 (無名, mumyeong, “nameless, anonymous, unsigned; anonymity”)
* 무식 (無識, musik, “ignorance”)
* 무용 (無用, muyong, “futility; uselessness”)
* 무용지물 (無用之物, muyongjimul, “useless thing; a fifth wheel”)
* 무의식 (無意識, muuisik, “unconsciousness”)
* 무인도 (無人島, mu'indo, “uninhabited island”)
* 무적 (無敵, mujeok, “invincibility, matchlessness”)
* 무척추 (無脊椎, mucheokchu, “invertebracy”)
* 무한 (無限, muhan, “infinity”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

無: Hán Việt readings: vô, mô
無: Nôm readings: vô, mô
* chữ Hán form of vô (“without; -less; un-”).

#### Compounds

* bình an vô sự (平安無事)
* đại sự hoá tiểu, tiểu sự hoá vô (大事化小，小事化無)
* hữu danh vô thực (有名無實)
* hữu dũng vô mưu (有勇無謀)
* nhất nam viết hữu, thập nữ viết vô (一男曰有，十女曰無)
* vô biên (無邊)
* vô bổ (無補)
* vô cảm (無感)
* vô can (無干)
* vô danh tiểu tốt (無名小卒)
* vô dụng (無用)
* vô duyên (無緣)
* vô địch (無敵)
* vô độ (無度)
* vô giá (無價)
* vô hại (無害)
* vô hiệu (無效)
* vô hình trung (無形中)
* vô ích (無益)
* vô lại (無賴)
* vô lễ (無禮)
* vô loại (無類)
* vô lương (無良)
* vô lý (無理)
* vô mưu (無謀)
* vô ngã (無我)
* vô nghĩa (無義)
* vô ơn (無恩)
* vô pháp vô thiên (無法無天)
* vô sinh (無生)
* vô song (無雙)
* vô số (無數)
* vô tận (無盡)
* vô thưởng vô phạt (無賞無罰)
* vô tiền khoáng hậu (無前曠後)
* vô tình (無情)
* vô tính (無性)
* vô tội (無罪)
* vô tri vô giác (無知無覺)
* vô tuyến (無線)
* vô tư (無私)
* vô vi (無為)
* vô ý (無意)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).