# πείρω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *péřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *pér-ye-ti, the ye-present of *per- (“to pass, go forth”). Cognates include Old Armenian հերիւն (heriwn), Old Church Slavonic на-перѫ (na-perǫ, “pierce”), Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over to, deliver”), Old English faru (English fare), and Albanian shpie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pěː.rɔː/ → /ˈpi.ro/ → /ˈpi.ro/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pěː.rɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpi.ro/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpi.ro/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpi.ro/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpi.ro/

### Verb

πείρω • (peírō)
* to pierce, run through
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.245–246:ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ χρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον, ἕζετο δ' αὐτός·hṑs pháto Pēleḯdēs, potì dè skêptron bále gaíēi khruseíois hḗloisi peparménon, hézeto d’ autós;Thus spoke the son of Peleus, and against the earth he dashed the sceptre, pierced by golden nails, and himself sat down:
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.465
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.399
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.317
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.633
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.405
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.479
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.577
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.33
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.124
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 205
** 680 BCE – 645 BCE, Archilochus, Collected Works 84
** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.1067
** 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 13.1.38
** 50 CE – 150 CE, Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Clitophon 3.4
** 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 4.17.1
* (figuratively) to cleave through
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.8:ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων·andrôn te ptolémous alegeiná te kúmata peírōn;cleaving through the wars of men and grievous waves alike:
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.434
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.183
** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.326

#### Derived terms

* ἀνᾰπείρω (anăpeírō)
* ἀποπείρω (apopeírō)
* δῐᾰπείρω (dĭăpeírō)
* ἐμπείρω (empeírō)
* κᾰτᾰπείρω (kătăpeírō)
* μετᾰπείρω (metăpeírō)
* περιπείρω (peripeírō)
* σῠμπείρω (sŭmpeírō)

#### Related terms

* περόνη (perónē)
* πορθμός (porthmós)
* πόρος (póros)
* πόρπη (pórpē)
* πρίων (príōn)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πείρω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1163-4

### Further reading

* “πείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πείρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πείρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πείρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963