# flame
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: flām, IPA: /fleɪm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪm

### Etymology 1

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

#### Noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)
* The visible part of fire; a stream of burning vapour or gas, emitting light and heat.
** 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth […].
** 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame.
* A romantic partner or lover in a usually short-lived but passionate affair.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:lover
** 1844 January–December, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “Conclusion”, in “The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. [The Luck of Barry Lyndon.]”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume III, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1856, →OCLC:I could copy out yards of rhapsody to Lord George Poynings, her old flame, in which she addressed him by the most affectionate names.
* (Internet, somewhat dated) An aggressively insulting criticism or remark.
** 1995, Paul McFedries, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Usenet Newsgroups, Alpha Books, →ISBN, page 39:Flames are, unfortunately, a fact of USENET life. It's a rare USENET regular who hasn't been shaken to the foundations with anger at something some jerk has posted.
* A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour. flame:
** 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 73:[M]arked by myriad clouds of every sunset-colour - flame, purple, pink, green, violet, and all the tints of gold.
* (music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.
    The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.
* Burning zeal, passion, imagination, excitement, or anger.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:in a flame of zeal severe
** 1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:where flames refin'd in breasts seraphic glow
** 1834, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Julia:Till charming Florio, born to conquer, came And touch'd the fair one with an equal flame
* (obsolete, botany) A variety of carnation.
** 1718, Richard Bradley, “Part II. Chapter II: Of Perannual Flowers, the talleſt Blowers. Sect IX. Of the Carnation or July-Flower […] ”, in New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, Both Philoſophical and Practical […] , 2nd edition, London: W. Mears, page 82:The Gardeners divide it into Five Claſſes, which they diſtinguiſh by the Name of Picketees, Painted Ladies, Beazarts, Flakes, and Flames: […] the Flames have a red Ground always ſtrip’d with black or very dark Colours.
** 1812, Peter Forbes, “On going to see a nobleman’s gardener in the neighbourhood”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, Edinburgh: R. Menzies, page 89:Sic flow’rs o’ sorts ane seldom sees, / Flecks, flames, bussards an’ picketees, / Wi’ strong carnations, like young trees, / To face the entry; […]

##### Derived terms

* add fuel to the flame
* aflame
* antiflame
* burst into flame
* candleflame
* cool flame
* counterflame
* dragonflame
* fan the flame
* flamage
* flameable
* flameage
* flame-arc lamp
* flame aura
* flameback
* flame bait, flamebait
* flame birch
* flame carbon
* flame cell
* flamecrest
* flamefest
* flameflower
* flameful
* flame graph
* flame gun
* flamekeeper
* flame lamp
* flameless
* flamelet
* flamelight
* flamelike
* flamemail
* flame nettle
* flame of the forest
* flame-of-the-woods
* flame out
* flame-out, flameout
* flame photometry
* flameproof
* flame-retardant
* flame retardant
* flame spread
* flamestrike
* flame structure
* flame test
* flame thrower, flame-thrower, flamethrower
* flamethrowing
* flame tree
* flame up
* flame violet
* flame war, flamewar
* flamework
* flameworker
* flameworthy
* flammation
* flamy
* go down in flames
* go up in flames
* hearthflame
* inflame
* like a moth to a flame
* like a moth to flame
* like a moth to the flame
* midflame
* old flame
* Olympic flame
* outflame
* oxidizing flame
* pillar of flame
* pilot flame
* postflame
* preflame
* reducing flame
* reflame
* singing flame
* Taiwan flamecrest
* twin flame
* upflame

##### Related terms

* flamboyant
* flamingo
* flammable
* oriflamme
* phlegm
* phlogiston
* phlogopite
* phlox

##### Translations

Afrikaans: vlam
Albanian: flakë (sq) f
Arabic: لَهَب m (lahab), شُعْلَة f (šuʕla)
Aragonese: flama
Armenian: բոց (hy) (bocʻ), հուր (hy) (hur)
Aromanian: fleamã f, pirã f
Asturian: llama (ast) f
Azerbaijani: alov (az)
Bashkir: ялҡын (yalqın)
Basque: kar (eu), gar (eu), sugar (eu), lama (eu)
Belarusian: по́лымя n (pólymja)
Bengali: শিখা (bn) (śikha), জ্বালা (bn) (jala)
Bhojpuri: लौ (lau)
Breton: flamm (br) m
Bulgarian: пла́мък (bg) m (plámǎk)
Burmese: တန်ဆောင် (my) (tanhcaung)
Catalan: flama (ca) f
Chechen: алу (alu)
Chichewa: lawi
Chinese:
Dungan: хуәщир (huəxir)
Mandarin: 火焰 (zh) (huǒyàn)
Czech: plamen (cs) m
Danish: flamme (da) c, lue c
Dutch: vlam (nl) f, laai (nl) f
Egyptian: (tkꜣw)
Esperanto: flamo (eo)
Estonian: leek (et)
Extremaduran: flama f
Finnish: liekki (fi)
French: flamme (fr) f
Old French: flamme f
Friulian: flame f
Galician: chama (gl) f
Georgian: ალი (ka) (ali)
German: Flamme (de) f, (archaic, poetic) Lohe (de) f
Greek: φλόγα (el) f (flóga)
Ancient: φλόξ f (phlóx)
Guaraní: tatarendy
Haitian Creole: flanm
Hebrew: לֶהָבָה (he) f (lehavá), אֵשׁ (he) f (esh)
Higaonon: hapoy
Hindi: लौ (hi) f (lau), ज्वाला (hi) f (jvālā), शोला (hi) m (śolā), लपट (hi) f (lapaṭ)
Hungarian: láng (hu)
Icelandic: logi (is) m
Indonesian: nyala (id)
Ingush: ала (ala)
Interlingua: flamma
Irish: lasair (ga) f
Italian: fiamma (it) f
Japanese: 炎 (ja) (ほのお, honō), 火炎 (ja) (かえん, kaen)
Javanese: urup
Kazakh: жалын (jalyn)
Khmer: សិខិន (km) (sekhən), សុស្ម័ន (km) (sohsman)
Korean: 불꽃 (ko) (bulkkot), 불길 (ko) (bulgil)
Kyrgyz: жалын (ky) (jalın)
Lao: ຊະວາລະ (sa wā la), ແປວໄຟ (pǣu fai)
Latgalian: līsme
Latin: flamma (la) f
Latvian: liesma (lv) f, guns (lv) f (poetism)
Lithuanian: liepsna (lt) f
Macedonian: пламен m (plamen)
Malagasy: lelàfo (mg)
Malay: api (ms), nyala (ms)
Maltese: fjamma f
Maori: mura
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: дөл (mn) (döl)
Mongolian: ᠳᠥᠯᠦ (dölü)
Nahuatl: cuezaltol
Navajo: kǫʼ
Nogai: ялын (yalın)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: flamme (no), lue (no)
Nynorsk: flamme, lue
Occitan: flamba (oc) f
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: пламꙑ m (plamy)
Old English: līeġ m
Old French: flamme f
Old Japanese: 炎 (ほのほ, pono$_2$po)
Old Javanese: urub
Persian: شعله (fa) (šo'le), علو (fa) (alow)
Plautdietsch: Flaum f
Polish: płomień (pl) m
Portuguese: chama (pt) f, flama (pt) f
Romanian: flacără (ro) f, pară (ro) f, văpaie (ro) f
Russian: пла́мя (ru) n (plámja), (dated, poetic) по́лы́мя (ru) n (pólýmja), (poetic) пла́мень (ru) m (plámenʹ)
Sardinian: fiama f, fiamma f
Scottish Gaelic: lasair f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: пла̏ме̄н m
Roman: plȁmēn (sh) m
Sicilian: çamma f, (italianate) ciamma (scn) f
Sinhalese: please add this translation if you can
Slovak: plameň m
Slovene: plamen (sl) m
Somali: olol (so)
Spanish: flama (es) f, llama (es) f, fogarada f (strong), llamarada (es) f (short-lived), fogonazo (es) m (instant), chamarada f (short-lived)
Swahili: mwale
Swedish: flamma (sv) c, låga (sv) c
Tabasaran: ялав (jalav)
Tajik: шӯъла (šüʾla), аланга (alanga), алов (alov)
Tamil: பிழம்பு (ta) (piḻampu)
Tarifit: timessi f, aḥeddiq m
Telugu: మంట (te) (maṇṭa)
Tetum: lakan
Thai: เปลวไฟ (bpleeo-fai), อัคนิคณะ (àk-ní-ká-ná)
Tocharian B: sleme
Tok Pisin: paia (tpi)
Tupinambá: ataendy (t-)
Turkish: alev (tr), yalın (tr)
Turkmen: ýalyn
Ukrainian: по́лум'я (uk) n (pólumʺja)
Urdu: شعلہ m (śolā), لو f (lau)
Uzbek: olov (uz), alanga (uz)
Vietnamese: ngọn lửa
Walloon: blame (wa) f, flame (wa) f
Welsh: fflam (cy) f, ffagl f
West Frisian: flam
Yámana: šola
Yiddish: פֿלאַם m (flam), פֿײַערצונג f (fayertsung) :

#### Adjective

flame (not comparable)
* Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.

##### Translations
#### See also

* blood red
* brick red
* burgundy
* cardinal
* carmine
* carnation
* cerise
* cherry
* cherry red
* Chinese red
* cinnabar
* claret
* crimson
* damask
* fire brick
* fire engine red
* flame
* flamingo
* fuchsia
* garnet
* geranium
* gules
* hot pink
* incarnadine
* Indian red
* magenta
* maroon
* misty rose
* nacarat
* oxblood
* pillar-box red
* pink
* Pompeian red
* poppy
* raspberry
* red violet
* rose
* rouge
* ruby
* ruddy
* salmon
* sanguine
* scarlet
* shocking pink
* stammel
* strawberry
* Turkey red
* Venetian red
* vermilion
* vinaceous
* vinous
* violet red
* wine

### Etymology 2

From Middle English flawmen, from Old French flamber, flammer.

#### Verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)
* To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.
** c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again.
* To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardour.
** 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter II, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:He flamed with indignation.
* (Internet, ambitransitive) To post a destructively critical or abusive message (to somebody).
    I flamed him for spamming in my favourite newsgroup.
** 1983 October 20, Joe Ziegler, net.motss‎ (Usenet):I wish you had the nerve to put your own name on that article, rather than logging into a public account to do it. I would have prefered to respond to you personally, rather than burden the net with my flaming, particularly since opinions like yours are best left ignored. But I feel I must respond to this one.
** 1989 June 29, Neil McAvoy [Wing Attack Plan R], rec.music.gdead‎ (Usenet):This was one of the highest points of the show for me. Playin' followed, with a nice jam afterwards. After that, Jerry wandered into Crazy Fingers. (I had been hoping for Terrapin...oh well. Crazy Fingers seems to highlight Jerry's ability to come in late and tentative on lyrics. I'm sure I'll get flamed, since lots of folks seem to worship CF.)
** 2001, w:Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:If he got flamed for his lies or his ignorance, he simply moved to another chat room.
** 2019, Steven McCornack, Kelly Morrison, Reflect & Relate, 5th edition:Because online communication makes it easy to flame, many of us impetuously fire off messages that we later regret.

##### Derived terms

* flamer
* flaming

##### Related terms

* flambé

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* femal, fleam

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flam/
* Homophones: flament, flames

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French flame.

#### Noun

flame f (plural flames)
* Obsolete spelling of flamme.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

flame
* inflection of flamer:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

flame
* Alternative form of flawme

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

flame
* Alternative form of flawmen

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin flamma.

### Noun

flame oblique singular, f (oblique plural flames, nominative singular flame, nominative plural flames)
* flame
** c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la complainte d ou conte huede de nevers:Senz redouteir l'infernal flameWithout fearing the infernal flame

#### Derived terms

* enflamer

#### Descendants

* → English: flame
* Middle French: flame
** French: flame, flamme

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈflame]

### Noun

flame f
* inflection of flamă:
** indefinite plural
** indefinite genitive/dative singular

## Walloon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flam/

### Noun

flame f (plural flames)
* flame
    Synonym: blame