# 峠

| 峠 | U+5CE0, &#23776; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CE0 |
| ← 峟 [U+5CDF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 峡 → [U+5CE1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

峠 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山卜一卜 (UYMY), four-corner 2173$_1$, composition ⿰山𠧗)
* mountain pass
* crisis, climax

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 311, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8068
* Dae Jaweon: page 611, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 1, page 770, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5CE0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 峠 (tōge).

### Etymology

Spelling pronunciation, as 卡 (kǎ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎ, qiǎ (ka$^3$, qia$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄚˇ, ㄑㄧㄚˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎ
*** Wade–Giles: kʻa$^3$
*** Yale: kǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaa
*** Palladius: ка (ka)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰä²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻia$^3$
*** Yale: chyǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chea
*** Palladius: ця (cja)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ä²¹⁴/

### Definitions

峠
* Used in Japanese place names.

## Japanese
### Glyph origin

A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”).
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 山 (“mountain”) + 上 (“up; ascend”) + 下 (“down; descend”).
Compare 裃(かみしも) (kamishimo), 垰(たお) (tao).

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: とうげ (tōge, 峠, Jōyō)
* Nanori: たわ (tawa)、たわとう (tawatō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 峠
* とうげ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/tamuke/ → /tauɡe/ → /toːɡe/
Sound shift from 手向け (tamuke, “tribute to a person about to depart”). It is said that these offerings were "given" to them as they traveled into the afterlife, akin to a mountain. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーげ [tòógéꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [to̞ːɡe̞]

#### Noun

峠(とうげ) • (tōge)
* mountain pass, ridge
* (figurative) crisis, climax

##### Derived terms

* 峠(とうげ)を越(こ)える (tōge o koeru, “cross a pass”)
* 峠(とうげ)を越(こ)す (tōge o kosu, “to finish the most difficult part; to be over the worst”, literally “cross over a pass”)
* 峠(とうげ)越(ご)え (tōge-goe, “crossing a mountain pass”)
* 峠蕗(トウゲブキ) (tōgebuki)
* 峠(とうげ)道(みち) (tōgemichi, “road over a mountain pass”)
* 碓(う)氷(すい)峠(とうげ) (Usui-tōge, “Usui Pass”)

##### Proverbs

* 洞(ほら)ヶ峠(とうげ)を決(き)め込(こ)む (Horagatōge o kimekomu, “to wait for a good opportunity”, literally “to wait and see at Horagatōge”)

#### Proper noun

峠(たうげ) • (Tauge)
* a surname

#### Proper noun

峠(とうげ) • (Tōge)
* A place name.
* a surname

### Etymology 2

Various nanori readings.

#### Proper noun

峠(たお) or 峠(たおげ) or 峠(とおげ) or 峠(どうげさき) • (Tao or Taoge or Tōge or Dōgesaki)
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

峠 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.