# 鮪

| 鮪 | U+9BAA, &#39850; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BAA |
| ← 鮩 [U+9BA9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鮫 → [U+9BAB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鮪 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火大月 (NFKB), four-corner 2432$_7$, composition ⿰魚有)
* kind of sturgeon,

#### Derived characters

* 𤃽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1469, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46126
* Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4685, character 9
* Unihan data for U+9BAA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 絠 | *kɯːʔ |
| 醢 | *qʰɯːʔ |
| 珛 | *qʰʷɯs |
| 栯 | *ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ |
| 有 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 友 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 右 | *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs |
| 宥 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 囿 | *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ |
| 侑 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 酭 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 姷 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 又 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 佑 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 祐 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 賄 | *qʰʷɯːʔ |
| 蛕 | *qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː |
| 烠 | *ɡʷɯː |
| 倄 | *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ |
| 鮪 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 洧 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 痏 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 郁 | *qʷɯ |
| 戫 | *qʷɯ |
| 哊 | *ɡʷɯ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wěi (wei$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fui$^2$ / kui$^2$ / wai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): úi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wěi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^3$
*** Yale: wěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fui$^2$ / kui$^2$ / wai$^5$
*** Yale: fúi / kúi / wáih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fui$^2$ / kui$^2$ / wai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fui$^2$ / kui$^2$ / wei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuːi̯³⁵/, /kʰuːi̯³⁵/, /wɐi̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: úi
*** Tâi-lô: uí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uie
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ui⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iú
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: hwijX
Rime :
| Character | 鮪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (18) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 榮美切 |
| Baxter | hwijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠiuɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦjwi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣjui$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /wi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wěi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷrəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鮪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wěi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷrəʔ/ |
| English | sturgeon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15612 |
| Phonetic component | 又 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 洧 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷɯʔ/ |

### Definitions

鮪
* Chinese paddlefish or Chinese swordfish (†Psephurus gladius)
    Synonym: 鱘 / 鲟 (xún)
* tuna

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鮪, 鮪魚, 金槍魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鮪魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 吞那魚, 青干 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 吞拿魚 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 吞拿魚, 亞冬魚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 串仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 串仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 刀鯧 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 串仔魚 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 串仔魚 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 串仔魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 串仔魚, 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 串仔魚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 串仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 串仔 |

### Compounds

* 叔鮪 / 叔鲔
* 王鮪 / 王鲔
* 白卜鮪 / 白卜鲔
* 魚鮪 / 鱼鲔
* 鮪釣 / 鲔钓
* 鮪魚 / 鲔鱼 (wěiyú)
* 鮪魚肚 / 鲔鱼肚
* 鮛鮪 / 𱇨鲔

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* tuna

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i)
* Kan-on: い (i)
* Kan’yō-on: ゆう (yū)
* Kun: まぐろ (maguro, 鮪)、しび (shibi, 鮪)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鮪
* まぐろ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Possible compounds include:
* 目・眼 (ma, “eye”, bound form) +‎ 黒 (kuro, “black”), in reference to their eye color.
* 真 (ma, “true”) +‎ 黒 (kuro, “black”), in reference to the color of their back.
The kuro changes to guro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まぐろ [màgúró] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠ɡɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Noun

鮪(まぐろ) or 鮪(マグロ) • (maguro)
* tuna (fish of the genus Thunnus)
** マンガで分かるLisp (The Manga Guide to Lisp)
    みりん。地(ち)域(いき)猫(ねこ)。最(さい)近(きん)までマクロのことをマグロと思(おも)っていた。
       Mirin. Chīkineko. Saikin made makuro no koto o maguro to omotteita.
       Mirin: A neighbour cat. Until recently often confused macros with tuna [maguro].
    Hypernym: 鯖 (saba)
* (colloquial) Short for 黒鮪 (kuromaguro): Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis)
* (slang) dead fish (a sexual partner who lies flat during sex)

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as マグロ.

##### Derived terms

* 鮪(まぐ)茶(ちゃ) (magucha)
* 磯(イソ)鮪(マグロ) (isomaguro)
* インド鮪(まぐろ) (Indo maguro)
* 梶(カジ)木(キ)鮪(マグロ), 旗魚(カジキ)鮪(マグロ) (kajiki maguro)
* 黄(キ)肌(ハダ)鮪(マグロ) (kihada maguro), 黄(き)肌(わだ)鮪(まぐろ) (kiwada maguro)
* 黒(クロ)鮪(マグロ) (kuromaguro)
* 五島(ごとう)鮪(まぐろ) (Gotō maguro)
* 塩(しお)鮪(まぐろ) (shiomaguro)
* 畜(ちく)養(よう)鮪(まぐろ) (chikuyō maguro)
* 葱(ねぎ)鮪(ま) (negima)
* 畑(ハタ)鮪(マグロ) (hatamaguro)
* 鬢(びん)長(なが)鮪(まぐろ) (binnaga maguro)
* 本(ほん)鮪(まぐろ) (honmaguro)
* 南(ミナミ)鮪(マグロ) (minami maguro)
* めじ鮪(まぐろ) (mejimaguro)

##### Idioms

* 鮪(まぐろ)を抱(だ)いて寝(ね)たよう (maguro o daite netayō)

#### See also

* 黄(キ)肌(ハダ) (kihada, “yellowfin tuna”)
* 鬢(ビン)長(ナガ) (binnaga, “albacore”)
* 目(メ)撥(バチ) (mebachi)
* とろ (toro)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鮪
* しび Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
⟨sibi$_1$⟩ → */sibʲi/ → /ɕibi/
From Old Japanese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

鮪(しび) • (shibi)
* (obsolete) tuna
    Synonym: めじ (meji)
** 711–712, Kojiki, poem 110:
    意布袁余志(おふをよし)斯毘(しび)都久阿麻余(つくあまよ)斯賀阿禮婆(しがあれば)宇良胡本斯祁牟(うらこほしけむ)斯毘(しび)都久志毘(つくしび) [Man'yōgana]
    大(おふ)魚(を)よししび突(つ)く海人(あま)よ其(し)が離(あ)ればうら恋(ご)ほしけむしび突(つ)く志(し)毘(び) [Modern spelling]

##### Derived terms

* 鮪(しび)節(ぶし) (shibibushi)
* 糸(いと)鮪(しび) (itoshibi)
* 蜻(トン)蛉(ボ)鮪(シビ) (tonboshibi)

##### See also

* 大(お)魚(うお)よし (ōo yoshi, pillow word alluding to shibi)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 鮪
* Hyōgai
* irregular
Appears in the Wakan Sansai Zue (1712).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

鮪(はつ) • (hatsu)
* (obsolete) tuna

##### Derived terms

* 鮪(はつ)の身(み) (hatsu no mi)

### References

* 1 2 Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
* 1 2 “マグロ／鮪／まぐろ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2025.
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鮪 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
* (다랑어) tuna, tunny

#### See also

* 참다랑어 (chamdarang'eo): tuna
* 참치 (chamchi): tuna