# 蠟燭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): làzhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˋ ㄓㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laap$^6$ zuk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): la̍p-chuk
* Northern Min (KCR): là-cṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): iòng-ciók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorh$^7$ zorh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): la̍h-chek / la̍h-chiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lah$^8$ zêg$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$laq-tsoq / $^8$laeq-tsoq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làzhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làjhú
*** Wade–Giles: la$^4$-chu$^2$
*** Yale: là-jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lahjwu
*** Palladius: лачжу (lačžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laap$^6$ zuk$^1$
*** Yale: laahp jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laap$^9$ dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lab$^6$ zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːp̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$立足 蠟燭 / 蜡烛
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍p-chuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: lab zug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lab$^6$ zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵ t͡suk̚²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là-cṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /la⁴² t͡sy²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng-ciók
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒuɔʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh$^7$ zorh$^6$ [Phonetic: lorh$^4$ zorh$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lo̤̍h-co̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡sɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh$^7$ zorh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒʔ²⁴ t͡sɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h-chek
*** Tâi-lô: la̍h-tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laqzeg
*** IPA (Penang): /la(ʔ)⁴⁻³ t͡sek̚³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /la(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ t͡sek̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /la(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /la(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h-chiak
*** Tâi-lô: la̍h-tsiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laqciag
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /la(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡siak̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lah$^8$ zêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: la̍h tsek
*** Sinological IPA : /laʔ⁴⁻² t͡sek̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$laq-tsoq
*** MiniDict: lah$^入$ tsoh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$laq-tsoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /laʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^8$laeq-tsoq$_7$
*** MiniDict: laeh$^入$ tsoh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /laʔ³³ t͡soʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: lap tsyowk
Rime :
| Character | 蠟 | 燭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 盍 (144) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 盧盍切 | 之欲切 |
| Baxter | lap | tsyowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑp̚/ | /t͡ɕɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑp̚/ | /t͡ɕiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑp̚/ | /t͡ɕiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lap̚/ | /cuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑp̚/ | /t͡ɕiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑp̚/ | /t͡ɕĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑp̚/ | /t͡ɕi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | là | zhu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laap$^6$ | zuk$^1$ |

### Noun

蠟燭
* candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m c; 條／条 m c)
    From: 8th century, 韓翃, 《寒食》
    Rìmù Hàn gōng chuán làzhú, qīng yān sàn rù wǔhóu jiā. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Wu, figurative) someone slow to pick up on hints; someone passive and imprudent

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蠟燭, 蠟炬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蠟燭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 洋蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蠟燭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 洋蠟 dated |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蠟, 洋燭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 蠟燈, 蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 蠟燈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 洋蠟, 蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蠟燭, 蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 洋燭, 洋蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蠟燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 洋蠟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 油燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 蠟燭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋蠟燭, 礦燭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 洋燭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 火燭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蠟燭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蠟燭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 燭, 蠟燭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 燭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 燭仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 蠟 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 燭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蠟燭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 燭, 洋燭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蠟燭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蠟燭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蠟燭, 專燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 蠟燭 |

#### Coordinate terms

(someone slow to pick up on hints): 蠟燭——勿點勿亮／蜡烛——勿点勿亮

#### Derived terms

* 蠟燭包 / 蜡烛包
* 蠟燭扦 / 蜡烛扦
* 蠟燭線 / 蜡烛线 (làzhúxiàn)
* 蠟燭芯 / 蜡烛芯

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 蝋(ろう)燭(そく) (rōsoku)
* → Korean: 납촉(蠟燭) (napchok)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蠟 | 燭 |
| ろう Jinmeiyō | そく Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | goon |
For pronunciation and definitions of 蠟燭 – see the following entry. :
| 【蝋燭ろうそく】 | [noun] a candle (a light source) Alternative spellings 蝋烛, ロウソク, ローソク |
(This term, 蠟燭, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 蠟 | 燭 |

### Noun

蠟燭 • (napchok) (hangeul 납촉)
* hanja form of 납촉 (“candle”)