# معروف
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of عَرَفَ (ʕarafa, “know”), verb form I.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ.ruːf/
* Rhymes: -uːf

### Adjective

مَعْرُوف • (maʕrūf) (feminine مَعْرُوفَة (maʕrūfa), masculine plural مَعْرُوفُونَ (maʕrūfūna))
* known
    مُسَاعَدَة الجِيرَان فِي الأَوْقَات الصُّعْبَة هِي قِيمَة مَعْرُوفَة.musāʕada(t) al-jīrān fī l-ʔawqāt aṣ-ṣuʕba(t) hī qīma(t) maʕrūfa.Helping neighbors in difficult times is a well-known value.
* recognized
* conventional
* decent
* fair
* adequate
* good
    التَّسَاهُل وَالاِحْتِرَام المُتَبَادِل هُمَا عَلَامَتَان لِلسُّلُوك المَعْرُوف.at-tasāhul wa-l-iḥtirām al-mutabādil humā ʕalāmatān li-s-sulūk al-maʕrūf.Tolerance and mutual respect are two signs of good behavior.
* pleasant

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: məruf
* → Ottoman Turkish: معروف (maruf)
** Turkish: maruf
* → Persian: معروف (ma'ruf)
** → Urdu: مَعرُوف (ma'rūf)
* → Swahili: maarufu
* → Urdu: مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf)
* → Uzbek: maʼruf

### Noun

مَعْرُوف • (maʕrūf) m
* beneficence
* benefice
* decency
* favor

#### Synonyms

* جَمِيل (jamīl)

#### Antonyms

* مُنْكَر (munkar)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maʔ.ˈɾuːf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.ɾúːf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.ɾúːf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.ɾúːf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.ɾúf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʔ.ɹúːf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.ɾúf]

### Adjective

معروف • (ma'ruf) (comparative معروف‌تَر (ma'ruf-tar), superlative معروف‌تَرین (ma'ruf-tarin))
* famous, renowned
    Synonym: مشهور (mašhur)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2829:هر هنر که استا بدان معروف شد / جان شاگردان بدان موصوف شدhar honar ke ostâ bedân ma'ruf šod, jân-e šâgerdân bedân mowsuf šodFor whatever science the master is renowned, the souls of his pupils become endued with the same.
* (Classical Persian, Dari) ma'ruf (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).
    Antonym: مجهول (majhul)

### Noun

معروف • (ma'ruf)
* (Classical Persian, Dari) ma'ruf (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).
    Antonym: مجهول (majhul)

#### Inflection

$^△$ Colloquial.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ.ruːf/, [maʕˈruːf]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

معروف • (maʕrūf) (feminine معروفة (maʕrūfe), common plural معروفين (maʕrūfīn))
* known, well-known, familiar

#### See also

* معلوم (maʕlūm, “known, obvious”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf), borrowed from Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf), from عَرَفَ (ʕarafa), from ع ر ف (ʕ r f).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /məʕ.ɾuːf/, [mɑː.ɾuːf]
* Rhymes: -uːf
* Hyphenation: مَعْ‧رُوف

### Adjective

مَعْرُوف • (ma'rūf) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मारूफ़)
* famous, renowned
    Synonyms: نامِی (nāmī), پْرَکھْیات (prakhyāt), وِکھْیات (vikhyāt), مَشْہُور (maśhūr), مَقْبُول (maqbūl)
* evident; known
    Synonym: مَعْلُوم (ma'lūm)
* (grammar) active voice
* (phonology) a stretched or close vowel; an epithet for the و (vao) and ی (ye) letters
    Antonym: مَجْہُول (majhūl)
* (formal) correct; lawful
    Antonym: مُنْکَر (munkar)

#### Antonyms

* مَجْہُول (majhūl)

### Further reading

* “معروف”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “معروف”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “معروف”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]