# 炕

| 炕 | U+7095, &#28821; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7095 |
| ← 炔 [U+7094] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 炖 → [U+7096] |

## Translingual
### Han character

炕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火卜竹弓 (FYHN), four-corner 9081$_7$, composition ⿰火亢)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18918
* Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7095

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 笐 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs |
| 亢 | *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs |
| 牨 | *kaːŋ |
| 苀 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 魧 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 迒 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 邟 | *kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 忼 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ |
| 骯 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ |
| 抗 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 炕 | *kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ |
| 伉 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 閌 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 犺 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 蚢 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
| 砊 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
| 阬 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
| 頏 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 航 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 杭 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 沆 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
| 肮 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 吭 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs |
| 秔 | *kraːŋ |
| 坑 | *kʰraːŋ |
| 劥 | *kʰraːŋ |

### Etymology 1

Compare Burmese ကင် (kang, “to roast, toast”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kàng (kang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kong$^3$ / hong$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kon$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): káung
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khòng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$khaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻang$^4$
*** Yale: kàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
*** Palladius: кан (kan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kong$^3$ / hong$^3$
*** Yale: kong / hong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kong$^3$ / hong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kong$^3$ / hong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔːŋ³³/, /hɔːŋ³³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: kon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: káung
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑuŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korng$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
*** Tâi-lô: khòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$khaon
*** MiniDict: khaon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$khaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɑ̃⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: khangH
Rime :
| Character | 炕 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦浪切 |
| Baxter | khangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 炕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 7366 |
| Phonetic component | 亢 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 抗 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰaːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

炕
* kang; heatable brick bed
* (dialectal) to bake or dry by the heat of a fire; to toast
* Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift”)

##### Descendants

* → English: kang

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hāng (hang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hang
*** Wade–Giles: hang$^1$
*** Yale: hāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hang
*** Palladius: хан (xan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xang
Rime :
| Character | 炕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼郎切 |
| Baxter | xang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 炕 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 7376 |
| Phonetic component | 亢 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 炕 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

炕
* (obsolete) to open

### Compounds

* 光炕蓆兒 / 光炕席儿
* 出火炕
* 土炕
* 地炕
* 套炕子
* 尿炕 (niàokàng)
* 暖炕
* 火炕 (huǒkàng)
* 炕上地下
* 炕上安鍋 / 炕上安锅
* 炕床
* 炕房
* 炕暴
* 炕桌兒 / 炕桌儿
* 炕洞
* 炕爐子 / 炕炉子
* 炕牀
* 炕琴桌兒 / 炕琴桌儿
* 炕肉飯 / 炕肉饭
* 炕陽 / 炕阳
* 炕面磚 / 炕面砖
* 炕頭子貨 / 炕头子货
* 落炕
* 護炕 / 护炕
* 鋪炕 / 铺炕
* 響炕 / 响炕

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “炕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 121.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* the brick-bed in northern China

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)
* Kun: あぶる (aburu, 炕る)

## Korean
### Hanja

炕 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
* hypocaust
* hypocaust floor

#### Synonyms

* (obsolete) 구돌 (gudol)
* 구들 (gudeul) (literally "fired or heated stone")
* 온돌 (溫突, ondol) (literally "warm stone")
* 바닥난방 (바닥煖房, badangnanbang): underfloor heating

## Vietnamese
### Han character

炕: Hán Việt readings: kháng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.