# stipula
## English
### Etymology

From Latin stipula (“stalk, stem”). Doublet of stubble.

### Noun

stipula (plural stipulas or stipulae or stipulæ)
* (botany) A stipule.
* (zoology) A newly-sprouted feather.

### References

* “stipula”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Paulist, litupas, tipulas

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

stipula
* third-person singular past historic of stipuler

## Italian
### Verb

stipula
* inflection of stipulare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* pulsati, spulati

## Ladin
### Verb

stipula
* third-person singular present indicative of stipuler
* third-person plural present indicative of stipuler
* second-person singular imperative of stipuler

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* stupula, stupla, stubula, stubla

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *stipelā (“straw”), a diminutive form of Proto-Italic *stips (“stalk”) from Proto-Indo-European *steyp- (“be stiff, erect”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsti.pu.la/, [ˈs̠t̪ɪpʊɫ̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsti.pu.la/, [ˈst̪iːpulä]

### Noun

stipula f (genitive stipulae); first declension
* stalk (of plant)
** Publius Vergilius Maro, Georgicon 1.311:frumenta in viridi stipula lactentia turgentmilky corn is swelling on (its) green stalk
* stubble
* straw
* reed (played as a pipe)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* restupulum
** Catalan: restoll, rostoll
** Galician: restrollo
** Spanish: restojo, rastrojo

#### Related terms

* stipulor

#### Descendants

* Franco-Provençal: êtobla, êtrobla
* Old French: estuble, estoble, estouble, stuble, esteule
** French: éteule
** → Middle English: stobil, stubble, stoble
*** English: stubble
* Italian: stoppia
* Borrowings:
** → Catalan: estípula (learned)
** → English: stipule (learned)
** → Italian: stipula, stipola (learned)
** → Portuguese: estípula (learned)
** → Proto-West Germanic: *stopplā (see there for further descendants)
** → Romanian: stipul (learned)
** → Spanish: estípula (learned)

### References

* “stipula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “stipula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "stipula", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* stipula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stips”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 588

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French stipuler, from Latin stipulare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sti.puˈla/

### Verb

a stipula (third-person singular present stipulează, past participle stipulat) 1st conjugation
* to stipulate

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* stipula in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)