# 尸

| 尸 | U+5C38, &#23608; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C38 |
| ← 尷 [U+5C37] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 尹 → [U+5C39] |
| ⼫ | U+2F2B, &#12075; KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE |
| ← ⼪ [U+2F2A] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼬ → [U+2F2C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

尸 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸 (S), four-corner 7720$_7$, composition ⿰丿コ)
* Kangxi radical #44, ⼫.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/尸
* 㕧, 迉, 𤰨, 𮓴, 𧥤, 𣢁, 𨾋, 鳲(鸤), 凥, 杘, 𣢂, 𧿃, 𨾈, 䬤, 孱, 䲩, 羼
* 戸, 户, 戶, 𠔅, 卢, 𡔜, 𠧕, 𢛥, 𡖀, 𥣡, 𦎾

#### Descendants

* ㄕ

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7630
* Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 963, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5C38

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尸 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 杘 | *l̥ʰis |
| 尸 | *hli |
| 鳲 | *hli |
| 屍 | *hli, *hlis |
| 屎 | *hliʔ, *hri |
Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. Its ancient form is 𡰣. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying.
When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shī (shi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
    (Hailu, HRS): shi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): si$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shī
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shih
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$
*** Yale: shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^1$
*** Yale: sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
*** Hakka Romanization System: sii$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃi⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: si$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬi⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
*** Tâi-lô: si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³/
* Middle Chinese: syij
Rime :
| Character | 尸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式之切 |
| Baxter | syij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕi/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕi/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥̥[ə]j/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hli/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 尸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syij › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥̥[ə]j/ |
| English | corpse |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 尸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11396 |
| Phonetic component | 尸 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*hli/ |

#### Definitions

尸
* (historical) a living person who represents the dead person during a rite
* dead body

#### Compounds

* 三尸
* 三尸神
* 伏尸
* 伏尸流血
* 尸位 (shīwèi)
* 尸位病民
* 尸位素餐 (shīwèisùcān)
* 尸位誤國 / 尸位误国
* 尸利
* 尸居餘氣 / 尸居余气 (shījūyúqì)
* 尸居龍見 / 尸居龙见
* 尸祝
* 尸祝代庖
* 尸祿素餐 (shīlùsùcān)
* 尸素 (shīsù)
* 尸解
* 尸諫
* 尸陀林 (shītuólín)
* 尸饔
* 尸鳩 (shījiū)
* 尸鳩之仁 (shījiū zhī rén)
* 尸鳩之平 (shījiū zhī píng)
* 懷寵尸位 / 怀宠尸位
* 批尸
* 撫尸慟哭 / 抚尸恸哭
* 流血浮尸
* 祭尸
* 素餐尸位
* 輿尸

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see 屍 (“corpse; carcass”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 屍).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* corpse; cadaver

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: かたしろ (katashiro, 尸)、しかばね (shikabane, 尸)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 尸
* しかばね Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 尸
* かばね Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see the following entry. :
| 【屍かばね】H | [noun] [720] a corpse, a cadaver |
| 【屍しかばね】H | [noun] [late 1100s] a corpse, a cadaver |
(This term, 尸, is an alternative spelling (mainly in compounds) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

尸 (eum 시 (si))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Korean
### Etymology 1

Most likely from the Old Chinese initial of 尸 (OC *hli). Other, but less likely, hypotheses include that it was a graphic abbreviation of some other character with initial */l/ (but no such character has been easily identified), or that it was invented in Korea (but there would appear to be no motivation for this, given the commonness of /l/ in all stages of Chinese).

#### Phonogram

尸 (*-l or *-lh)
* A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-l or *-lh.
    ‎道 (“road”, logogram) + ‎尸 (*-l, coda-marking phonogram) → ‎道尸 (*KIl(h), “road”)
    ‎二 (“two”, logogram) + ‎尸 (*-l, coda-marking phonogram) → ‎二尸 (*TWUPUl(h), “two”)

##### Usage notes

Note that Old Korean distinguished liquid 尸 (*-l) and rhotic 乙 (*-r), though the two merged in Middle Korean.

##### See also

* 肹 (*-(hu)r)
* 乙 (*-r)

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

尸 (*-lq)
* The irrealis/prospective verbal gerund-marking suffix:
** what will, one who will, what to, what is, one who is, etc.; used to nominalize a verb in the future or in a general sense.
*** c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra, page 11.117:[於]思惟所 疑$^是$隨逐有*SO.YU-hoyo-l PA-akuy UY-i SYU.TYUK-hoyo-lq Is-umyeAs there is the following of doubt in that which one reflects(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)
*** c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra, pages 3.10—11:作樂亦然CAK.AK-ho-lq-two STWO-ho-n [?]-s-ho-si-haThe [honored] ones who make music [the honored music-makers] also did as such(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms.)
** which will, [something] to, which is, etc.; used as an adnominal, but chiefly for dependent nouns and certain common constructions.
*** 765, 忠談師 (Chungdamsa), “安民歌 (Anmin-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:君隱父也臣隱愛賜尸母史也*NIMKUM-un AP-ye SIN-un TOSU-si-lq Esi-yeThe sovereign is a father; the ministers are loving mothers
*** c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra, page 11.117:[於]思惟所 疑$^是$隨逐有*SO.YU-hoyo-lq PA-akuy UY-i SYU.TYUK-hoyo-l Is-umyeAs there is the following of doubt in that which one reflects(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)
** Used to introduce a statement being quoted.

##### Descendants

* Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮 (-(ú)lq, verbal irrealis particle, generally adnominal)
** Korean: 을 (-(eu)l, irrealis adnominal suffix)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
** Korean: 리 (-ri)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
** ⇒ Korean: 리라 (-rira)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 려〮 (-lyé)
** Korean: 랴 (-rya)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 료〮 (-lyó)
** Korean: 료 (-ryo)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮가〮 (-(ú)lqká)
** Korean: 을까 (-(eu)lkka)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮고〮 (-(ú)lqkwó)
** Korean: 을꼬 (-(eu)lkko)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮다〮 (-(ú)lqtá)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮뎬〮 (-(ú)ltyéyn)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮ᄉᆞ록〮 (-(ú)lsòlwók)
** Korean: 을수록 (-eulsurok)

##### See also

* 隱 (*-n, realis gerund)

### Etymology 3
#### Particle

尸 (*-lq or *-q or *-s)
* A genitive case marker chiefly attested after honored animate nouns.

##### Usage notes

There is a strong argument that 尸 represents an allomorphic variant of the well-known genitive particle 叱 (*-s) rather than an independent genitive case marker. Middle Korean ㅭ (-lq) and Modern Korean ㄹ (-l) both have the effect of tensing a subsequent consonant. Tensing was also one of the major allomorphs of Middle Korean ㅅ (-s), see ㅅ#Alternative forms, and is virtually the sole effect of Modern Korean ㅅ (-s-). Therefore, Old Korean 尸 was most likely used to denote the tensing effect of 叱 (*-s).
This notion is further supported by the fact that Middle Korean ㅅ (-s) is the regular reflex of 尸. For instance, Old Korean 尸中 (*qkuy, honorific dative marker) > Middle Korean ᄭᅴ (skuy, id.) > Modern Korean 께 (kke, id.)

### References

* 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549
* 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [seokdokgugyeorui sokgyeok -siui munje haegyeoreul wihayeo, For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
* Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72
* 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2019) “고대국어 동명사 어미의 문법적 특징과 과제 [godaegugeo dongmyeongsa eomiui munbeopjeok teukjinggwa gwaje, The grammatical features of Old Korean verbal nominalizers and further tasks for research]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, →DOI, pages 89–125

## Vietnamese
### Han character

尸: Hán Nôm readings: thi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.