# 麗

| 麗 | U+9E97, &#40599; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E97 |
| ← 麖 [U+9E96] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 麘 → [U+9E98] |
| 麗 | U+F988, &#63880; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F988 |
| ← 驪 [U+F987] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 黎 → [U+F989] |

## Translingual
### Han character

麗 (Kangxi radical 198, 鹿+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一一月月心 (MMBBP), four-corner 1121$_1$, composition ⿱丽鹿)

#### Derived characters

* 儷, 囇, 㿛, 孋, 矖, 䚕, 𧢮, 𦘐, 彲, 囇, 𠮔, 𣀷, 攦, 躧, 𢥬, 𫇃, 𧥖, 𣰿, 曬, 𨰣, 𤫟, 灑, 欐, 𬅛, 䕻, 穲, 籭, 纚, 𮉟, 𡔉, 𪩠, 襹, 𩎉, 釃, 酈, 𨟫, 𮠑, 廲, 𢌒, 𥜰, 邐, 𨏽, 𠠫, 𦌿, 驪, 𮪜, 𧕯, 鱺, 鸝, 𪈳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1510, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47663
* Dae Jaweon: page 2039, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4732, character 4
* Unihan data for U+9E97
* Unihan data for U+F988

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 麗 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 灑 | *sreːlʔ, *sreːlʔ, *srelʔ, *srels |
| 籭 | *sreːl, *srel |
| 躧 | *sreːlʔ, *srelʔ |
| 曬 | *sreːls, *srels |
| 廲 | *reːl |
| 驪 | *reːl, *rel |
| 鱺 | *reːlʔ |
| 欐 | *reːlʔ, *reːls, *srel |
| 丽 | *reːls |
| 麗 | *reːls, *rel |
| 儷 | *reːls |
| 鸝 | *rel |
| 酈 | *rel, *reːɡ |
| 孋 | *rel |
| 矖 | *rel, *srelʔ |
| 穲 | *rel |
| 邐 | *relʔ |
| 彲 | *r̥ʰel |
| 釃 | *srel, *srelʔ, *sra |
| 襹 | *srel, *srels |
| 纚 | *srelʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a deer with antlers.

### Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructed this word's OC pronunciation as *rêh and considered it a possible allofam of 麗 (OC *rê(k)h) "number" < "what is calculated", exopassive derivative of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate".
麗 underwent this historical semantic shift: from "a pair" (Zhouli), to "mate, companion" (儷) (Zuo), to "paired", to "well-proportioned" (Liji), and finally to "elegant, beautiful" (Chuci) as well as "refinement" (Shu).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): li
    (Hailu, HRS): li$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lâ̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): le$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lē
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$
*** Yale: laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
*** Hakka Romanization System: li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /li³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lâ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɑ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: le$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /le²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
*** Tâi-lô: lē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: le
*** IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /le³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$li
*** MiniDict: li$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$li
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
* Middle Chinese: lejH
Rime :
| Character | 麗 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎計切 |
| Baxter | lejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /liei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /liei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤe-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 麗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁe-s/ |
| English | symmetrical |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 麗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 7914 |
| Phonetic component | 丽 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麗 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːls/ |

#### Definitions

麗
* beautiful; lovely; pretty; fair; elegant
* to adhere; to attach to
    alt. forms: 離 / 离
* Alternative form of 儷 / 俪 (lì, “in pair”)

##### Synonyms

* 美好 (měihǎo)
* 華美／华美 (huáměi)
* 漂亮 (piàoliang)

#### Compounds

* 丰姿冶麗
* 亮麗 / 亮丽 (liànglì)
* 佳麗 / 佳丽 (jiālì)
* 俏麗 / 俏丽 (qiàolì)
* 保麗龍 / 保丽龙 (bǎolìlóng)
* 保麗龍板 / 保丽龙板
* 偉麗 / 伟丽
* 側麗 / 侧丽
* 光麗 / 光丽
* 典麗矞皇 / 典丽矞皇
* 和風麗日 / 和风丽日
* 嘉麗妹妹 / 嘉丽妹妹
* 嚴麗 / 严丽
* 堂皇富麗 / 堂皇富丽
* 壯麗 / 壮丽 (zhuànglì)
* 大麗花 / 大丽花 (dàlìhuā)
* 天生麗質 / 天生丽质 (tiānshēnglìzhì)
* 夸麗
* 奇麗 / 奇丽 (qílì)
* 姝麗 / 姝丽
* 姣麗 / 姣丽
* 妍麗 / 妍丽
* 娟麗 / 娟丽
* 婉麗 / 婉丽
* 孟麗君 / 孟丽君
* 宏麗 / 宏丽 (hónglì)
* 富麗 / 富丽 (fùlì)
* 富麗堂皇 / 富丽堂皇 (fùlì tánghuáng)
* 寶麗來 / 宝丽来 (bǎolìlái)
* 峭麗 / 峭丽
* 明麗 / 明丽 (mínglì)
* 昳麗 / 昳丽 (yìlì)
* 曼麗 / 曼丽
* 月麗於箕 / 月丽于箕
* 梁麗
* 棽麗 / 棽丽 (shēnlì)
* 沉博絕麗 / 沉博绝丽
* 流麗 / 流丽 (liúlì)
* 清詞麗句 / 清词丽句
* 清麗 / 清丽
* 清麗俊逸 / 清丽俊逸
* 珠輝玉麗 / 珠辉玉丽
* 琱麗 / 雕丽
* 瑰麗 / 瑰丽 (guīlì)
* 秀麗 / 秀丽 (xiùlì)
* 端麗 / 端丽 (duānlì)
* 純麗 / 纯丽
* 絢麗 / 绚丽 (xuànlì)
* 絢麗多姿 / 绚丽多姿
* 綺麗 / 绮丽 (qǐlì)
* 繁麗 / 繁丽
* 纖麗 / 纤丽
* 美麗 / 美丽 (měilì)
* 美麗奴羊 / 美丽奴羊
* 茱麗葉 / 茱丽叶
* 華麗 / 华丽 (huálì)
* 蒙娜麗莎 / 蒙娜丽莎 (Méngnà Lìshā)
* 藻麗 / 藻丽
* 詭麗輻輳 / 诡丽辐辏
* 豔麗 / 艳丽 (yànlì)
* 豔麗奪目 / 艳丽夺目
* 跌宕遒麗 / 跌宕遒丽
* 附麗 / 附丽 (fùlì)
* 雄偉壯麗 / 雄伟壮丽
* 靡麗 / 靡丽 (mǐlì)
* 風和日麗 / 风和日丽 (fēnghérìlì)
* 風暖日麗 / 风暖日丽
* 鬥麗 / 斗丽
* 魚麗 / 鱼丽
* 鮮麗 / 鲜丽 (xiānlì)
* 麗人 / 丽人 (lìrén)
* 麗人行 / 丽人行
* 麗則 / 丽则
* 麗園 / 丽园 (Lìyuán)
* 麗夜蛾 / 丽夜蛾 (lìyè'é)
* 麗天 / 丽天
* 麗山 / 丽山
* 麗影 / 丽影
* 麗日 / 丽日 (lìrì)
* 麗春園 / 丽春园
* 麗春花 / 丽春花
* 麗月 / 丽月 (Lìyuè)
* 麗林 / 丽林 (Lìlín)
* 麗格海棠 / 丽格海棠
* 麗水 / 丽水
* 麗江 / 丽江 (Lìjiāng)
* 麗澤 / 丽泽 (lìzé)
* 麗矚 / 丽瞩 (lìzhǔ)
* 麗絨 / 丽绒
* 麗萍 / 丽萍
* 麗藻 / 丽藻 (lìzǎo)
* 麗質 / 丽质 (lìzhì)
* 麗質天生 / 丽质天生
* 麗辭 / 丽辞 (lìcí)
* 麗都 / 丽都 (lìdū)
* 麗靡 / 丽靡
* 麗風 / 丽风 (lìfēng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lí (li$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^6$ / lei$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lì
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lí
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lí
*** Wade–Giles: li$^2$
*** Yale: lí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$ / lei$^4$
*** Yale: laih / lèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$ / lei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$ / léi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/, /lei̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
*** Tâi-lô: lê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /le²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: lje
Rime :
| Character | 麗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 呂支切 |
| Baxter | lje |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /lie/ |
| Wang Li | /lǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rel/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 麗 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 7917 |
| Phonetic component | 丽 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 離 |
| Old Chinese | /*rel/ |

#### Definitions

麗
* Only used in 高麗／高丽 (Gāolí, “Goryeo”) and 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí, “Goguryeo”).
** (Korean Classical Chinese) Short for 高麗 / 高丽 (“Goryeo”).
    麗祖 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여조 Yeojo [Sino-Korean] ― King Taejo of Goryeo
    麗末 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여말 Yeomal [Sino-Korean] ― end of the Goryeo period
    麗史 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여사 Yeosa [Sino-Korean] ― history of the Goryeo
    麗制 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여제 Yeoje [Sino-Korean] ― policies of the Goryeo
* Only used in 麗水／丽水 (Líshuǐ, “Lishui”).

#### Compounds

* 高句麗 / 高句丽 (Gāogōulí)
* 高麗 / 高丽
* 高麗參 / 高丽参 (gāolíshēn)
* 高麗本 / 高丽本
* 高麗紙 / 高丽纸
* 高麗菜 / 高丽菜

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 麗 |
| Kyūjitai | 麗 &#xF988; or 麗+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 麗󠄁 麗+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 麗󠄃 麗+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 麗)
* lovely
* beautiful
* graceful
* resplendent

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 麗 (MC lejH):
* Go-on: らい (rai)
* Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 麗 (MC lje):
* Go-on: り (ri)
* Kan-on: り (ri)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: うるわしい (uruwashii, 麗しい, Jōyō)、うらら (urara, 麗ら)、うららか (uraraka, 麗らか)、かかる (kakaru, 麗かる)、つく (tsuku, 麗く)、つける (tsukeru, 麗ける)、つらなる (tsuranaru, 麗なる)、ならぶ (narabu, 麗ぶ)
* Nanori: あきら (akira)、かず (kazu)、つぐ (tsugu)、つら (tsura)、よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

#### Compounds

* 綺(き)麗(れい) (kirei): beauty
* 口(くち)奇(ぎ)麗(れい) (kuchigirei): speaking elegantly, speaking clearly, speaking innocently

### Proper noun

麗(れい) • (Rei)
* a female given name

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2423 (paper), page 1263 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

麗 (eumhun 고울 려 (goul ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 고울 여 (goul yeo))
* hanja form of 려/여 (“beautiful; lovely; pretty; fair; elegant”)

#### Compounds

* 고려 (高麗, Goryeo, “Goryeo”)
* 고구려 (高句麗, Goguryeo, “Goguryeo”)
* 화려 (華麗, hwaryeo, “gorgeous; splendid; resplendent”)
* 여수 (麗水, Yeosu, “Yeosu”)

## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* 䴡 (lệ)
* 𪋘 (lệ)

### Han character

麗: Hán Việt readings: lệ (郎(lang)計(kế)切(thiết)), li (鄰(lân)知(tri)切(thiết))
麗: Nôm readings: rạy, li
* chữ Hán form of Lệ (“female given name”).
* chữ Hán form of li / ly.
* chữ Nôm form of rạy.

#### Compounds

* 高句麗 (Cao Câu Li)
* 高麗 (Cao Li)

### References

* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).