OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# pangkat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Reconstructed as peng- +‎ angkat, from Malay pangkat, from Javanese ꦥꦁꦏꦠ꧀ (pangkat, “rank, position, status; grade (school); degree, power; departure”), from Old Javanese paṅkat (“arranged; depart”), aṅkat (“departure, getting up”). Doublet of pengangkat.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈpaŋkat/ [ˈpaŋ.kat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -aŋkat
* Syllabification: pang‧kat

### Noun

pangkat (plural pangkat-pangkat)
* rank:
** a level in an organization such as the military
    Synonyms: tingkat, tingkatan
** (mathematics) the maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix.
* (mathematics) exponent: the number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the $3$ in $2^{3}=8$.
    Synonym: èksponèn
* (mathematics) power: A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): $x^{n}$, read as "$x$ to the power of $n$" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product $x\times x\times \cdots \times x$, where $x$ appears $n$ times in the product; $x$ is called the base and $n$ the exponent.
    Synonym: kuasa (Standard Malay)
* (archaic) rung, step
    Synonym: tingkat
* (archaic) floor, story
    Synonyms: lantai, lènggèk, tingkat

### Preposition

pangkat
* (mathematics) to the power of
    Dua pangkat tiga sama dengan delapan.Two to the power of three equals eight. 2$^3$ = 8.

### Derived terms

* berpangkat
* berpangkat-pangkat
* dipangkatkan
* kepangkatan
* memangkatkan
* pemangkatan
* sepangkat
* pangkat kemiliteran
* pangkat tituler

### Related terms

* angkat
* mangkat

### Further reading

* “pangkat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

pangkat
* Romanization of ꦥꦁꦏꦠ꧀

## Malay
### Etymology

Cognate with angkat, from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pa-aŋkat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaŋkat/ [ˈpaŋ.kat̪]
* Rhymes: -aŋkat, -kat, -at
* Hyphenation: pang‧kat

### Noun

pangkat (Jawi spelling ڤڠکت, plural pangkat-pangkat, informal 1st possessive pangkatku, 2nd possessive pangkatmu, 3rd possessive pangkatnya)
* rank (a level in an organization such as the military)

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: pangkat (inherited)

### Further reading

* “pangkat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* pancat, pangcat — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paŋˈkat/ [pɐŋˈkat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -at
* Syllabification: pang‧kat

### Noun

pangkát (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔)
* group (of things, animals, people, etc.)
* clique

### Further reading

* “pangkat”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# blodyn y meirch
## Welsh
### Etymology

Literally, “the horses' flower”.

### Noun

blodyn y meirch m (plural blodau'r meirch)
* red campion (Silene dioica)
    Synonyms: blodyn neidr, blodyn taranau

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
# хоромы
## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic хоромъ (xoromŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xormъ. Doublet of храм (xram), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [xɐˈromɨ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

хоро́мы • (xorómy) f inan pl (genitive хоро́м, plural only)
* (historical) a large wooden house in traditional Russian architecture, especially if composed of separate heated sections connected by unheated walkways and halls
** 1862, Алексей Константинович Толстой [Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy], “Глава 8. Пир”, in Князь Серебряный; English translation from Prince Serebrenni, (Please provide a date or year):Выраже́ние лица́ его́ соверше́нно измени́лось. Так изменя́ется зда́ние по́сле пожа́ра. Ещё́ стоя́т хоро́мы, но украше́ния упа́ли, мра́чные о́кна глядя́т злове́щим взо́ром, и в пусты́х поко́ях посели́лось недо́брое.Vyražénije licá jevó soveršénno izmenílosʹ. Tak izmenjájetsja zdánije pósle požára. Ješčó stoját xorómy, no ukrašénija upáli, mráčnyje ókna gljadját zlovéščim vzórom, i v pustýx pokójax poselílosʹ nedóbroje.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (dated or figuratively) mansion, palace
    ца́рские хоро́мы ― cárskije xorómy ― royal residence/palace
    у них не кварти́ра, а хоро́мы ― u nix ne kvartíra, a xorómy ― their flat/apartment is a real palace

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: horoma

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хоромы”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
# moon cricket
## English
### Etymology

From moon +‎ cricket. Perhaps a reference to slaves singing songs during the night.

### Noun

moon cricket (plural moon crickets)
* (US, slang, ethnic slur) A black person.
** 2018, Tzvi Peckar III, Mini Thins, page 285:Her Dad had been someone her Mom didn't know in Houston. I always used to joke, "Maybe he was a Moon-Cricket from Alabama," but Trish is totally not black.
** Quoted in 2020, Leslie Picca, Joe Feagin, Two-Faced Racism: Whites in the Backstage and Frontstage
    When we were leaving it was getting dark and my husband says to me “look at all of those moon crickets.” I confusingly asked him what he had meant by that. When we got into the car, he explained to me that all of the black people walking around under the moonlight look like a bunch of crickets scurrying around.
** Rooney Baxter, The Bluegrass Kid (page 182), 2015.
    They don't have a good enough reason to come at us now. And besides, moon crickets do drive-bys. This feels like a message from someone else.
# exolangs
## English
### Noun

exolangs
* plural of exolang
# клеть
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* клѣть (klětʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *klětь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [klʲetʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

клеть • (kletʹ) f inan (genitive кле́ти, nominative plural кле́ти, genitive plural кле́тей, diminutive клету́шка)
* (dated) the log walls framing and enclosing a room; cribbing
    Synonym: сруб (srub)
* (dated) closet, larder, storeroom (a type of unheated storage room or small storage building in a traditional Russian architecture)
* (mining) cage
# bex
## English
### Etymology

From vex.

### Adjective

bex (comparative more bex, superlative most bex)
* (Belize) Angry.
** 2021 October 12, “Benquenos Bex About Oil Spill”, in 7 News Belize‎:Benquenos are bex about an oil spill caused by Westline bus.

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English vex.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛks/

### Adjective

bex
* vexed, angry

### Further reading

* Larry Chang (2014) Biesik Jumiekan: Introduction to Jamaican Language, Chuu Wod, →ISBN, page 193
* bex at JamaicanPatwah.com
# alè
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* alé (Valencia)

### Etymology

Deverbal of alenar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əˈlɛ]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əˈlə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aˈle]

### Noun

alè m (plural alens)
* breath

#### Derived terms

* sobrealè

#### Further reading

* “alè” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Franco-Provençal
### Verb

alè (Bressan)
* Alternative form of alar (“to go”) documented in the following location(s): Coligny

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French à l’heure.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /alɛ/

### Adverb

alè
* on time

#### Related terms

* lè
# agrikilti
## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French agriculture.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɡɣikilti/

### Noun

agrikilti
* agriculture
# Mak
## English
### Etymology

* As a Chinese surname, borrowed from Cantonese 麥／麦 (mak6).
* As a Polish surname, borrowed from Polish Mak, or shortened from Polish Makary.
* As a Ukrainian surname, shortened from Ukrainian Макар (Makar).
* As a Hungarian surname, shortened from Hungarian Makár.

### Proper noun

Mak (plural Maks)
* A surname.
** A surname from Chinese.
** A surname from the Slavic languages.
*** A surname from Polish.
*** A surname from Ukrainian.
** A surname from Hungarian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Mak is the 6555th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 5170 individuals. Mak is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (87.52%) individuals.

### See also

* Mac
* Mack
* Mc

### Anagrams

* AMK, KAM, KMA, kam

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French Marc, from Latin Mārcus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mak/

### Proper noun

Mak
* Mark (biblical character)
* Mark (book of the Bible)
* a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Mark

## Polish
### Etymology

From mak (“poppy”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmak/
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: Mak
* Homophones: mak, mag

### Proper noun

Mak m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Mak f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Mak”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022

## Slovak
### Etymology

From mak (“poppy”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mak]

### Proper noun

Mak m pers (female equivalent Maková)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Mak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# сруб
## Russian
### Etymology

Deverbal of сруби́ть (srubítʹ)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [srup]
* Rhymes: -up

### Noun

сруб • (srub) m inan (genitive сру́ба, nominative plural сру́бы, genitive plural сру́бов)
* felling (trees)
    продава́ть лес на сруб ― prodavátʹ les na srub ― sell wood for timber
* (construction) the log or timber walls framing and enclosing a room or structure; a log shell; cribbing
* (by extension) a log cabin or other log structure

#### Related terms

* сруба́ть (srubátʹ), сруби́ть (srubítʹ)

### Anagrams

* брус (brus)
# сумка
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* sumka — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsumka]
* Rhymes: -umka
* Hyphenation: сум‧ка

### Noun

су́мка • (súmka) f inan (genitive су́мкі, nominative plural су́мкі, genitive plural су́мак, relational adjective су́мачны, diminutive су́мачка)
* bag (an item made of leather, fabric, etc., usually with handles, designed for carrying something)
* (anatomy) pericardium
* (zoology) marsupium
* (botany) mycelium (organ in some fungi in which spores develop)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “сумка”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “сумка” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Russian
### Etymology

сума́ (sumá) +‎ -ка (-ka)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsumkə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

су́мка • (súmka) f inan (genitive су́мки, nominative plural су́мки, genitive plural су́мок, relational adjective су́мочный, diminutive су́мочка)
* bag, handbag (US: purse)
* pouch
* satchel
* wallet

#### Related terms

* сума́ f (sumá)
* су́мчатый (súmčatyj)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: սումկա (sumka)
* → Azerbaijani: sumka
* → Czech: sumka
* → Georgian: სუმკა (sumḳa)
* → Kazakh: сөмке (sömke)
* → Uzbek: sumka
* → Yakut: суумка (suumka)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

сума́ (sumá) +‎ -ка (-ka)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsumkɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

су́мка • (súmka) f inan (genitive су́мки, nominative plural су́мки, genitive plural су́мок, relational adjective су́мочний, diminutive су́мочка)
* bag, handbag (US: purse)
* pouch
* satchel
* wallet

#### Related terms

* сума́ f (sumá)
* су́мчастий (súmčastyj)
# Xenopeltis
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Xenopeltis m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Xenopeltidae.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptilia – class; Diapsida – subclass; Lepidosauromorpha – infraclass; Lepidosauria – superorder; Squamata – order; Xenopeltidae – family

### Further reading

* Xenopeltis on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Xenopeltis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Xenopeltis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# léčbě
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɛːd͡ʒbjɛ]

### Noun

léčbě
* dative/locative singular of léčba
# Pareidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Pareas +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Pareidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Squamata – slug snakes and wood snakes.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptilia – class; Diapsida – subclass; Lepidosauromorpha – infraclass; Lepidosauria – superorder; Squamata – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Pareinae, Xylophiinae – subfamilies
** Aplopeltura, Asthenodipsas, Pareas, Xylophis – genera

### References

* Pareidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Pareidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Pareidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# perumum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From per- +‎ umum.

### Verb

pêrumum (active memperumum, passive diperumum)
* basic form of memperumum (“to generalize”)
# roztržce
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrostr̩ʃt͡sɛ]

### Noun

roztržce
* dative/locative singular of roztržka
# deky
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɛkɪ]

### Noun

deky
* inflection of deka:
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural
** genitive singular
# lavicemi
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlavɪt͡sɛmɪ]

### Noun

lavicemi
* instrumental plural of lavice
# pedologic
## English
### Adjective

pedologic (comparative more pedologic, superlative most pedologic)
* Of or pertaining to pedology (in all senses).

#### Synonyms

* pedological

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* logopedic, police dog

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French pédologique.

### Adjective

pedologic m or n (feminine singular pedologică, masculine plural pedologici, feminine and neuter plural pedologice)
* pedologic, pedological
# đất hiếm
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

đất +‎ hiếm.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɗət̚˧˦ hiəm˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɗək̚˦˧˥ hiəm˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɗək̚˦˥ him˦˥]

### Noun

đất hiếm
* (chemistry) rare earth
# بهاق
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bu.haːq/
* Rhymes: -aːq

### Noun

بُهاق • (buhāq) m
* alternative form of بَهَق (bahaq)
# kronek ervys
## Cornish
### Etymology

From kronek (“toad”) +‎ ervys (“armed”).

### Noun

kronek ervys m (plural kronoges ervys)
* tortoise
    Synonyms: kroban, melhwioges

#### Derived terms

* kronek ervys mor (“turtle”)
# hnetú
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɲetuː]

### Verb

hnetú
* third-person plural present indicative of hniesť
# hnetie
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɲeci̯e]

### Verb

hnetie
* third-person singular present indicative of hniesť
# زينب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaj.nab/

### Proper noun

زَيْنَب • (zaynab) f
* (Islam) the name of Prophet Mohammad's wife, also of his daughter, and granddaughter.
* a female given name, Zaynab or Zainab, equivalent to Turkish Zeynep

#### Derived terms

* زَنُّوبَة (zannūba, diminutive)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: Zeynəb
* → Bashkir: Зәйнәб (Zəynəb), Зәйнәп (Zəynəp)
* → Bengali: জয়নব (joẏonob)
* → Ottoman Turkish: زینب (Zeynep)
** → Turkish: Zeynep
* → Serbo-Croatian: Zeineb, Zejneb
* → Hausa: Zainabu
* → Somali: Seynab
* → Uyghur: زەينەپ (zeynep)
* → Uzbek: Zaynab
# உழவு
## Tamil
### Etymology

From உழு (uḻu, “to plough”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uɻaʋɯ/

### Noun

உழவு • (uḻavu)
* ploughing, plowing
* farming, agriculture, husbandry
    Synonym: வேளாண்மை (vēḷāṇmai)
# rajatabla
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raxaˈtabla/ [ra.xaˈt̪a.β̞la]
* Rhymes: -abla
* Syllabification: ra‧ja‧ta‧bla

### Noun

rajatabla
* Only used in a rajatabla

### Further reading

* “rajatabla”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# dalgalanmak
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طالغه‌لانمق (dalgalanmak, “to undulate, ripple”), from dalga (“wave”).

### Verb

dalgalanmak
* to undulate

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:
# ◌ٌ

| ◌ٌ | U+064C, &#1612; ARABIC DAMMATAN |
| ← ◌ً [U+064B] | Arabic | ◌ٍ → [U+064D] |
| ﹲ | U+FE72, &#65138; ARABIC DAMMATAN ISOLATED FORM |
| ← ﹱ [U+FE71] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﹳ → [U+FE73] |

## Arabic
### Letter

ـٌ • (-un)
* ḍamma tanwīn (ضَمَّة تَنْوِين) or ḍammatān (ضَمَّتَان), a nunation (tanwīn (تَنْوِين)) of the vowel u (ـُ - ḍamma), indicating the nominative case in Classical Arabic. In a non-pausal formal situation it's pronounced as "-un". In dialects, relaxed (less formal) Arabic, or in pausa, the pronunciation is either shortened to "-u" or ignored altogether, even when written.

### See also

* ـࣱ (-un)
Arabic diacritics :
| ـَ (-a) | ـُ (-u) | ـِ (-i) | ـّ | ـْ | ـً (-an) | ـٌ (-un) | ـٍ (-in) | ـٰ (-ā) | ـۡ‏ | ـٓ | ـ۟ | ـ۠ | ـۢ | ـࣰ (-an) | ـࣱ (-un) | ـࣲ (-in) | ـ۪ |
# കളിമ്പ്
## Malayalam
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐɭimbɨ̆/

### Noun

കളിമ്പ് • (kaḷimpŭ)
* verdigris

### Adjective

കളിമ്പ് • (kaḷimpŭ)
* Teal (colour). A dark, somewhat bluish-green colour; a dark cyan.
    കളിമ്പ്:

### See also

Colors in Malayalam · നിറങ്ങൾ (niṟaṅṅaḷ) (layout · text) :
| വെള്ള (veḷḷa) | കർബുര (kaṟbura), ചാര (cāra), മയില (mayila) | കറുപ്പ് (kaṟuppŭ) |
| അരുണ (aruṇa), ചുമപ്പ് (cumappŭ), ശോണ (śōṇa) | ക്ഷൗദ്ര (kṣaudra), പഴുക്ക (paḻukka), കുരാല (kurāla) | പാണ്ഡുര (pāṇḍura), മഞ്ഞ (mañña), തവിട്ട് (taviṭṭŭ) |
| പലാശ (palāśa) | പച്ച (pacca) | മരതകപ്പച്ച (maratakappacca) |
| വാരുണ (vāruṇa), പേരോജര (pērōjara), കളിമ്പ് (kaḷimpŭ) | ആകാശനീല (ākāśanīla), നീല (nīla), ശ്യാമ (śyāma) | വൈദൂര്യ (vaidūrya), കാങ്കിനീല (kāṅkinīla), നൈല്യ (nailya) |
| ധൂമള (dhūmaḷa), ഞാറ (ñāṟa), ഊത (ūta) | കരഞ്ജ (karañja), ആർഗവന (āṟgavana), മാന്തളിർ (māntaḷiṟ) | പാടല (pāṭala), പൂവ (pūva), കോള (kōḷa) |
# кисла
## Russian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲɪsˈɫa]

#### Adjective

кисла́ • (kislá)
* short feminine singular of ки́слый (kíslyj)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʲisɫə]

#### Verb

ки́сла • (kísla)
* short feminine singular past indicative imperfective of ки́снуть (kísnutʹ)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology 1

From киснути (kysnuty) +‎ -ла (-la).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɪsɫɐ]

#### Adjective

ки́сла • (kýsla)
* feminine singular of ки́слий (kýslyj)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɪsɫɐ]

#### Verb

ки́сла • (kýsla)
* feminine singular past indicative imperfective of ки́снути (kýsnuty)
# зубило
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zʊˈbʲiɫə]

### Noun

зуби́ло • (zubílo) n inan (genitive зуби́ла, nominative plural зуби́ла, genitive plural зуби́л)
* (metal) chisel, point-tool (tool consisting of a slim oblong block of metal)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: զուբիլ (zubil)
* → Georgian: ზუბილა (zubila)
* → Laz: ზუბილა (zubila)
* → Yup'ik: cupilaq
# fluttering
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

fluttering (plural flutterings)
* Rapid back-and-forth waving or oscillation.
** 1824, Timothy Dwight, Theology, Explained and Defended in a Series of Sermons:It is indubitably certain, therefore, that he is able to attend, and actually attends, to all things at the same moment; to the motions of a seed, or a leaf, or an atom; to the creepings of a worm, the flutterings of an insect, and the journeys of a mite […]
** 1844, Fredrika Bremer, The Neighbours: A Story of Every-day Life, page 59:Miss Greta closed her eyes. Quickly, however, did she open them again; for a dull noise, with certain whiskings-about and flutterings, together with low clatterings, approached her ear.

#### Translations
### Verb

fluttering
* present participle and gerund of flutter

#### Derived terms

* flutteringly
* unfluttering
# чулок
## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic чулъкъ (čulŭkŭ), from Turkic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕʊˈɫok]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

чуло́к • (čulók) m inan (genitive чулка́, nominative plural чулки́, genitive plural чуло́к)
* stocking
** (Can we date this quote?), Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, part I, chapter 22:поверну́л кру́то свою́ да́му, так что откры́лись её то́нкие но́жки в ажу́рных чулка́хpovernúl krúto svojú dámu, tak što otkrýlisʹ jejó tónkije nóžki v ažúrnyx čulkáxhe turned his partner sharply round, so that her slim ankles, in light transparent stockings, were exposed to view

#### Declension

$^△$Irregular.

#### Descendants

* → Yup'ik: cuukiiq (“sock”)

### Noun

чуло́к • (čulók) m anim (genitive чулка́, nominative plural чулки́, genitive plural чулко́в)
* (used in the expression си́ний чуло́к (sínij čulók, “bluestocking”))
# giun
## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʲiu̯n/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *genus (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“jaw”). Cognate with Welsh gên (“cheek”), English chin, Sanskrit हनु (hánu-), Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Tocharian A śanweṃ (“jaws”, dual).

#### Alternative forms

* gin

#### Noun

giun m
* mouth

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* ginach (“greedy”)
* ginól (“jaw”)

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: gin
** Irish: gion

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

giun
* dative singular of gen (“smile”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*genu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) trùn

### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *p-luːn ~ *p-ruːn, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(b)ruun. Cognate with Khmer ព្រូន (pruun), Mon မြုန် (pərùn). Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese blun in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).
Originally the Northern form, see giai for the sound change.
Trùn, from a non-Northern Middle Vietnamese form, is still widely used in these dialects.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zun˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [jun˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* Homophones: dung, Dung, vun, vung

### Noun

(classifier con) giun • (𧉙, 𧑒)
* worm (animal)
    tẩy/xổ giun ― to deworm
    ngủ với giun ― to die (literally, “to sleep with worms”)
** 2011, Trịnh Huy Ninh, transl., Viking hung bạo, translation of Horrible Histories: The Vicious Vikings by Terry Deary and Martin Brown, page 49:Nhát gan chỉ núp mà run Rồi thì cũng ngủ với giun thôi màGo ahead and hide during every battle You will drop dead eventually

#### Derived terms

* con giun xéo lắm cũng quằn
* dầu giun (Jesuit's tea herb)
* dẽ giun (sandpiper bird)
* giun chỉ (a kind of filarial roundworm)
* giun dẹp (flatworm)
* giun đất (earthworm)
* giun đốt (annelid; segmented worm)
* giun đũa (giant roundworm)
* giun kim (pinworm)
* giun lươn (threadworm)
* giun móc (hookworm)
* giun móc câu
* giun sán (parasitic worms)
* giun tóc (human whipworm)
* giun tròn (roundworm)
* rắn giun

### See also

* sán (“parasitic flatworms”)