# 芍

| 芍 | U+828D, &#33421; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-828D |
| ← 芌 [U+828C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 芎 → [U+828E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿心戈 (TPI) or 廿心一 (TPM), four-corner 4412$_7$, composition ⿱艹勺)

#### Derived characters

* 烵 𥍰 𬞠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30674
* Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3175, character 10
* Unihan data for U+828D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 芍
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 豹 | *preːwɢs |
| 趵 | *preːwɢs, *preːwɢ |
| 尥 | *breːw, *b·reːwɢs |
| 箹 | *ʔreːwɢs, *ʔreːwɢ |
| 杓 | *plew, *pʰlew, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 約 | *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ |
| 扚 | *pleːwʔ, *pleːwɢ |
| 釣 | *pleːwɢs |
| 瘹 | *teːwɢs |
| 芍 | *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 酌 | *pljewɢ |
| 灼 | *pljewɢ |
| 勺 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
| 彴 | *pljewɢ |
| 犳 | *pljewɢ |
| 妁 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
| 汋 | *bljewɢ, *sbreːwɢ |
| 仢 | *bljewɢ |
| 葯 | *qlewɢ, *qreːwɢ |
| 礿 | *lewɢ |
| 肑 | *preːwɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 瓝 | *breːwɢ |
| 的 | *pleːwɢ |
| 靮 | *pleːwɢ |
| 馰 | *pleːwɢ |
| 玓 | *pleːwɢ |
| 魡 | *pleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sháo, shuò (shao$^2$, shuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄠˊ, ㄕㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoek$^3$ / coek$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): so̍k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k / chiak / chiok / chio̍k / sio̍h / chhia̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziag$^4$ / ciag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sháo
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sháo
*** Wade–Giles: shao$^2$
*** Yale: sháu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaur
*** Palladius: шао (šao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuò
*** Wade–Giles: shuo$^4$
*** Yale: shwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuoh
*** Palladius: шо (šo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoek$^3$ / coek$^3$
*** Yale: jeuk / cheuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoek$^8$ / tsoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêg$^3$ / cêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːk̚³/, /t͡sʰœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: so̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: sog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sok̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
*** Tâi-lô: tsiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siak̚³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
*** Tâi-lô: tsiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍h
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioih
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sioʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sioʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tshia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiah
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaʔ¹²¹/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
** sio̍k/chiak - literary;
** chio̍k/sio̍h/chhia̍h - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dzyak, trjak
Rime :
| Character | 芍 | 芍 |
| Reading # | 2/5 | 4/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 市若切 | 張略切 |
| Baxter | dzyak | trjak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐk̚/ | /ʈɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐk̚/ | /ʈiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑk̚/ | /ȶiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨak̚/ | /ʈɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiak̚/ | /ȶiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭak̚/ | /ȶĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ak̚/ | /ȶi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuó | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soek$^6$ | zoek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bljewɢ/, /*pl'ewɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芍 | 芍 |
| Reading # | 4/5 | 3/5 |
| No. | 11196 | 11188 |
| Phonetic component | 勺 | 勺 |
| Rime group | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妁 | 芍 |
| Old Chinese | /*bljewɢ/ | /*pl'ewɢ/ |

#### Definitions

芍
* Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora)

#### Compounds

* 木芍藥 / 木芍药
* 白芍 (báisháo)
* 芍藥 / 芍药
* 芍藥花 / 芍药花
* 贈芍 / 赠芍
* 采蘭贈芍 / 采兰赠芍

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiào (xiao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siào
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^4$
*** Yale: syàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaw
*** Palladius: сяо (sjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: hewX
Rime :
| Character | 芍 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡了切 |
| Baxter | hewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦeu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦeu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣeu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣeu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣieu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣieu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡleːwʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芍 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| No. | 11186 |
| Phonetic component | 勺 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡleːwʔ/ |

#### Definitions

芍
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) water chestnut

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 芍, 鳧茈, 鳧茨, 烏芋 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 荸薺 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 地梨兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 地梨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 地梨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 地梨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 地梨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 荸薺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 馬蹄 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 荸薺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 荸薺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 荸薺, 地梨兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 荸薺, 地梨兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 荸薺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 荸薺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 荸薺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 荸薺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 荸薺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 地梨兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 地梨兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 地薺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 地薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 地梨兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 地梨兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 荸薺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 荸薺, 地梨子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 荸薺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 荸薺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 荸薺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 荸薺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 慈姑兒, 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 土菜瓜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 荸蒜兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 荸薺兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 荸球 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 荸薺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 馬蹄 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 馬蹄 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 馬蹄, 蒲薺, 蒲慈 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 馬蹄 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 荸薺子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 薺米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 薺子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 荸薺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 荸薺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 田薺, 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 馬蹄子 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 馬薺 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 馬蹄子 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 馬蹄子 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 馬蹄子 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 馬蹄, 馬蹄子 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 荸薺 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 荸薺 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 馬蹄子 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 馬蹄 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 馬薺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 荸救 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 馬絲 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 慈姑 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 馬薺, 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 馬薺, 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 馬薺, 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 馬蹄薺 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 薺蔥 |
| Hakka | Changting | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 馬薺, 馬薺子 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 馬薺子 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 荸薺 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 荸薺 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 荸薺 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 馬薯 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 馬錢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 馬薺, 脆薯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 馬蹄子 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 馬蹄子 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 馬蹄, 薯菇 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 馬蹄子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 蹄子 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 馬薺 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 馬蹄 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 馬蹄 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 蒲薺 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Qiandaohu) | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Jiangjia) | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Meicheng) | 荸薺 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Shouchang) | 地荸薺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 荸薺 |
| Jin | Jining | 地梨 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 地梨兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 地梨兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 地梨兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 荸薺 |
| Jin | Suide | 荸薺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 莓薺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 莓薺 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 莓薺, 網薺 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 蠓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 薺栗 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 水薺 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 莓薺 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 莓薺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 田藕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 田薺仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 田藕 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 田藕 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 馬薺蔥 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 馬薺 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 荸薺 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 馬蹄 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 馬薺, 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 田藕 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 馬薺, 荸薺 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 馬蹄 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 錢蔥 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 馬蹄子 |
| Southern Min | Maoming (Xiadong, Dianbai) | 薯菇 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 馬蹄子 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 馬蹄子 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 尾梨 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 尾梨 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 馬薺 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 馬薺 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 馬薺 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 馬蹄 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 馬蹄 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 馬蹄 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 馬蹄 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 馬蹄 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 荸薺 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 荸薺 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 荸薺 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Jima) | 荸薺 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 荸薺, 地栗 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 地栗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 荸薺 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 荸薺 |
| Wu | Danyang | 荸薺 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 荸薺 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蒲薺, 地栗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 荸薺 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蒲薺 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 糖蒲薺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 荸薺, 荸薺子, 慈姑子 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 慈姑子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 慈姑子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 慈姑子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 馬蹄 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 馬蹄 |

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dì (di$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dì
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^4$
*** Yale: dì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /tek̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tek
Rime :
| Character | 芍 |
| Reading # | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都歷切 |
| Baxter | tek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tiek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | di |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pleːwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芍 |
| Reading # | 5/5 |
| No. | 11214 |
| Phonetic component | 勺 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 的 |
| Old Chinese | /*pleːwɢ/ |
| Notes | 爾雅作的，集韻作菂 |

#### Definitions

芍
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 菂 (dì, “lotus seed”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): què (que$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ciag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: què
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüeh$^4$
*** Yale: chywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
*** Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiak̚²/
* Middle Chinese: tshjak
Rime :
| Character | 芍 |
| Reading # | 3/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七雀切 |
| Baxter | tshjak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | que |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*spʰlewɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芍 |
| Reading # | 2/5 |
| No. | 11187 |
| Phonetic component | 勺 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鵲 |
| Old Chinese | /*spʰlewɢ/ |

#### Definitions

芍
* Only used in 芍陂.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しゃく (shaku)
* Kun: くろくわい (kurokuwai)、はすのみ (hasunomi)

## Korean
### Hanja

芍 • (jak, jeok) (hangeul 작, 적, revised jak, jeok, McCune–Reischauer chak, chŏk, Yale cak, cek)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

芍: Hán Nôm readings: thược
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.