# 沼

| 沼 | U+6CBC, &#27836; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBC |
| ← 治 [U+6CBB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 沽 → [U+6CBD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

沼 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸竹口 (ESHR), four-corner 3716$_2$, composition ⿰氵召)
* lake
* fishpond
* swamps

#### Derived characters

* 𠶕, 𧍌, 菬, 䈃, 𦻟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17257
* Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1597, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6CBC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 刀 | *taːw |
| 忉 | *taːw |
| 魛 | *taːw |
| 舠 | *taːw |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 叨 | *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw |
| 倒 | *taːwʔ, *taːws |
| 到 | *taːws |
| 菿 | *taːws, *rtaːwɢ |
| 鞀 | *deːw |
| 鳭 | *rteːw, *teːw |
| 灱 | *hreːw |
| 菬 | *sdew, *tjewʔ |
| 超 | *tʰew |
| 怊 | *tʰew, *tʰjew |
| 欩 | *tʰew |
| 召 | *dews, *djews |
| 昭 | *tjew |
| 招 | *tjew |
| 鉊 | *tjew |
| 沼 | *tjewʔ |
| 照 | *tjews |
| 詔 | *tjews |
| 炤 | *tjews |
| 弨 | *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ |
| 眧 | *tʰjewʔ |
| 韶 | *djew |
| 佋 | *djew, *djewʔ |
| 軺 | *djew, *lew |
| 玿 | *djew |
| 柖 | *djew |
| 紹 | *djewʔ |
| 袑 | *djewʔ |
| 綤 | *djewʔ |
| 邵 | *djews |
| 劭 | *djews |
| 卲 | *djews |
| 刁 | *teːw |
| 芀 | *teːw, *deːw |
| 貂 | *teːw |
| 蛁 | *teːw |
| 迢 | *deːw |
| 苕 | *deːw |
| 髫 | *deːw |
| 岧 | *deːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjewʔ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews). It conveys the meaning of "a puddle" or "a swamp."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎo (zhao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): zau$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiáu / chiau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^3$
*** Yale: jǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
*** Palladius: чжао (čžao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ziu$^2$
*** Yale: jíu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dziu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sau³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
*** Tâi-lô: tsiáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiau
*** Tâi-lô: tsiau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau³³/
* chiáu - literary;
* chiau - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: tsyewX
Rime :
| Character | 沼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之少切 |
| Baxter | tsyewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ziu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tawʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjewʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyew$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tawʔ/ |
| English | pool |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2130 |
| Phonetic component | 刀 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沼 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjewʔ/ |

### Definitions

沼
* pool; pond
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Wáng lì yú zhǎo shàng, gù hóngyàn mílù, yuē: “Xián zhě yì yuè cǐ hū?” [Pinyin]
    The king went and stood with him by a pond, and, looking round at the large geese and deer, said, 'Do wise and good princes also find pleasure in these things?'

### Compounds

* 廢沼 / 废沼
* 慧沼
* 池沼 (chízhǎo)
* 沼山 (Zhǎoshān)
* 沼氣 / 沼气 (zhǎoqì)
* 泥沼 (nízhǎo)
* 沼泥
* 沼澤 / 沼泽 (zhǎozé)
* 沼澤土 / 沼泽土
* 沼蝦 / 沼虾
* 湖沼 (húzhǎo)

### References

* “沼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ぬま (numa, 沼, Jōyō)、ぬ (nu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 沼
* ぬ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Root of the Old Japanese verb ぬる (nuru, “to become loose; to become wet”) and modern Japanese 濡れる (nureru, “to become wet”), adverb ぬるぬる (nurunuru, “loosely; lukewarmly; oozingly”).
May be cognate with Korean 늪 (neup, “swamp, bog, marsh”), Ainu nup (“flat land, plain; fen”), Mongolian нам (nam, “low-lying”), намаг (namag, “swamp, bog, marsh”), норох (norox, “to become wet”).
Generally only used in compounds in modern Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɯ̟]

#### Noun

沼(ぬ) • (nu)
* a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

##### Derived terms

* 小(お)沼(ぬ) (onu): a swamp, particularly a small one
* 隠(こもり)沼(ぬ) (komorinu): a hidden bog

##### See also

* 沼間(ぬま) (Numa): a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 沼
* ぬま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Appears to be a compound of 沼 (nu, “swamp”) +‎ 間 (ma, “space, area”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぬま [nùmáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [nɯ̟ma̠]

#### Noun

沼(ぬま) • (numa)
* a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland
* (slang) inescapable pit of addiction to games, etc.
    Synonym: 深沼 (fukanuma)

##### Derived terms

* 沼(ぬま)尻(しり) (Numashiri), 沼(ぬま)尻(じり) (Numajiri): a surname
* 鹿(か)沼(ぬま) (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi
* 深沼(ふかぬま) (fukanuma, “inescapable pit of addiction”, literally “deep bog”)
* 小(お)沼(ぬま) (Onuma): a surname

##### See also

* 沼間(ぬま) (Numa): a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 沼
* しょう Grade: S
* on'yomi
/seu/ → /ɕeu/ → /ɕʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 沼 (tsyew$^X$, “swamp”). Compare modern Mandarin 沼 (zhǎo).
Only ever used in compounds.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Affix

沼(しょう) • (shō)
* a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

##### Derived terms

* 沼気(しょうき) (shōki): swamp gas, methane
* 沼湖(しょうこ) (shōko): marshes and lakes
* 沼沢(しょうたく) (shōtaku): marshes and bogs
* 沼地(しょうち) (shōchi): clabber, marshy soil, marshy ground; a swampy place
* 沼池(しょうち) (shōchi): marshes and ponds
* 沼鉄鉱(しょうてっこう) (shōtekkō): bog iron
* 湖沼(こしょう) (koshō): lakes and marshes

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 沼 (MC tsyewX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쇼〯 (sywǒ) (Yale: syo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 沼 (eumhun 못 소 (mot so))
* hanja form of 소 (“swamp”)
* hanja form of 소 (“pond”)

#### Compounds

* 소지 (沼池, soji)
* 소택 (沼澤, sotaek)
* 소택지 (沼澤地, sotaekji)
* 호소 (湖沼, hoso)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沼: Hán Nôm readings: trẻo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.