# tuma
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

### Noun

tuma
* body louse

## Dongxiang
### Etymology

From Turkic *turma (“radish”), from an Iranian language. Perhaps already borrowed into Proto-Mongolic as *turma.
Compare Mongolian тоором (toorom), Turkish turp (“radish”), Persian ترب (torob, “radish”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰuˈmɑ/

### Noun

tuma
* carrot

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuma, possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tuŋa, although -ŋ- > -m- would be irregular. Cognates include Erzya тов (tov, “kernel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtumɑ/, [ˈt̪umɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -umɑ
* Hyphenation: tu‧ma

### Noun

tuma
* (cytology) nucleus, cell nucleus (large organelle found in cells which contains genetic material)
* (ophthalmology) nucleus (hard, central part of the lens in an eye)
* (obsolete) Synonym of ydin (“kernel (of a nut, fruit, etc.)”)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of tuma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tumani
tumani
accusative
nom.
tumani
tumani
gen.
tumani
genitive
tumani
tumieni tumaini $^{rare}$
partitive
tumaani
tumiani
inessive
tumassani
tumissani
elative
tumastani
tumistani
illative
tumaani
tumiini
adessive
tumallani
tumillani
ablative
tumaltani
tumiltani
allative
tumalleni
tumilleni
essive
tumanani
tuminani
translative
tumakseni
tumikseni
abessive
tumattani
tumittani
instructive
comitative
—tumineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tumasi
tumasi
accusative
nom.
tumasi
tumasi
gen.
tumasi
genitive
tumasi
tumiesi tumaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
tumaasi
tumiasi
inessive
tumassasi
tumissasi
elative
tumastasi
tumistasi
illative
tumaasi
tumiisi
adessive
tumallasi
tumillasi
ablative
tumaltasi
tumiltasi
allative
tumallesi
tumillesi
essive
tumanasi
tuminasi
translative
tumaksesi
tumiksesi
abessive
tumattasi
tumittasi
instructive
comitative
—tuminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tumamme
tumamme
accusative
nom.
tumamme
tumamme
gen.
tumamme
genitive
tumamme
tumiemme tumaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
tumaamme
tumiamme
inessive
tumassamme
tumissamme
elative
tumastamme
tumistamme
illative
tumaamme
tumiimme
adessive
tumallamme
tumillamme
ablative
tumaltamme
tumiltamme
allative
tumallemme
tumillemme
essive
tumanamme
tuminamme
translative
tumaksemme
tumiksemme
abessive
tumattamme
tumittamme
instructive
comitative
—tuminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tumanne
tumanne
accusative
nom.
tumanne
tumanne
gen.
tumanne
genitive
tumanne
tumienne tumainne $^{rare}$
partitive
tumaanne
tumianne
inessive
tumassanne
tumissanne
elative
tumastanne
tumistanne
illative
tumaanne
tumiinne
adessive
tumallanne
tumillanne
ablative
tumaltanne
tumiltanne
allative
tumallenne
tumillenne
essive
tumananne
tuminanne
translative
tumaksenne
tumiksenne
abessive
tumattanne
tumittanne
instructive
comitative
—tuminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tumansa
tumansa
accusative
nom.
tumansa
tumansa
gen.
tumansa
genitive
tumansa
tumiensa tumainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
tumaansa
tumiaan tumiansa
inessive
tumassaan tumassansa
tumissaan tumissansa
elative
tumastaan tumastansa
tumistaan tumistansa
illative
tumaansa
tumiinsa
adessive
tumallaan tumallansa
tumillaan tumillansa
ablative
tumaltaan tumaltansa
tumiltaan tumiltansa
allative
tumalleen tumallensa
tumilleen tumillensa
essive
tumanaan tumanansa
tuminaan tuminansa
translative
tumakseen tumaksensa
tumikseen tumiksensa
abessive
tumattaan tumattansa
tumittaan tumittansa
instructive
comitative
—tumineen tuminensa :

#### Derived terms

* aitotumainen
* esitumainen
* solutuma
* tumahappo
* tumahuokonen
* tumainen
* tumajyvänen
* tumakalvo
* tumake
* tumakelmu
* tumakotelo
* tumalima
* tumallinen
* tumanjakautuminen
* tumasukkula
* tumaton

### Further reading

* “tuma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* matu, maut, muta

## Fula
### Adverb

tuma
* when, at the time that
    Tuma o arti woo, mi yeetoto mo.When he is back, I will tell him

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

## Higaonon
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

### Noun

tuma
* head louse

## Javanese
### Romanization

tuma
* Romanization of ꦠꦸꦩ.

## Kari'na
### Etymology

Compare Wayana tuma, Akawaio tuma, Macushi tuma, Pemon tuma.

### Pronunciation

* (Venezuela) IPA: [tummwa]
* (Suriname) IPA: [tuːma]

### Noun

tuma (possessed tumary)
* pot, cooking pot, kettle
* food prepared in such a pot, pepperpot

### References

* Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 392
* Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “tuma”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 471; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 461

## Kituba
### Verb

tuma
* to order

## Kongo
### Verb

tuma (perfect tumini)
* to order
* to send

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /tu.mə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /tu.ma/
* Rhymes: -umə, -mə

### Noun

tuma (Jawi spelling توما, plural tuma-tuma, informal 1st possessive tumaku, 2nd possessive tumamu, 3rd possessive tumanya)
* mite

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* bertuma [stative / habitual] (beR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tuma

### Further reading

* “tuma” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Niuean
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tuma (“louse”).

### Noun

tuma
* body louse, Pediculus humanus
    Hypernym: kutu
    Kua kai he tuma haana a tefutefu mataHis eyebrow is infested with lice.

### References

* “tuma” in Tohi Vagahau Niuē (Niuean Language Dictionary).

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

### Noun

tuma
* head louse

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ (tuma)

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Verb

-túma (infinitive gutúma, perfective -túmye)
* to send

## Sicilian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from the same ancient root of tumeō (“I swell”), which could derive from *tum- (“to swell”) + *-eh₂ (“feminine ending”) (used for feminine result nouns from verbs). Compare Latin tumor, tumidus.
Semantically related to Italian toma, even though the suggested etymology from tomus does not fit the phonology of Sicilian. The other italic counterparts - Neapolitan tuma and Piedmontese tùma both meaning cheese - suggest that the italianized form expunged the local/regional tonic vowel to a more "refined" one, like the French tome.The italianization process in fact typically, at an onomastic level, shaped differently many Sicilian names (like Sicilian Carusu, as surname, or Gulisanu, as a toponym).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtu.ma/ (Standard)
* Hyphenation: tù‧ma

### Noun

tuma
* A semi-hard Sicilian cheese
** (chiefly) a certain degree of maturing of Sicilian pecorino cheese
** (rare) a cheese
    Synonyms: furmaggiu, frumaju, tumazzu, primusali

#### Derived terms

* tumazzu

#### Descendants

* → Italian: tuma

#### See also

* cagghiu
* ricotta
* tummari
* tumuri
* tùmminu
* vùḍḍiri

## Sidamo
### Etymology

Original meaning garlic, compare Hadiyya tuma (“garlic”). Ultimately from Arabic ثوم (ṯūm, “garlic”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuma/

### Noun

tuma m (plural tumma f)
* onion

### References

* Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tuma (infinitive kutuma)
* to send

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tuma :
| Positive present | -natuma |
| Subjunctive | -tume |
| Negative | -tumi |
| Imperative singular | tuma |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutuma |
| Negative | kutotuma |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tuma |
| Plural | tumeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutuma |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lituma |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutuma |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatuma |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatuma |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -situme |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetuma |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetuma |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalituma |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalituma |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metuma |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatuma |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatuma |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kituma |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotuma |
| Consecutive | katuma / positive subject concord + -katuma |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -katume |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -tumia (“use, employ”)
** Passive: -tumwa
** Stative: -tumika (“be used”)
* Nominal derivations:
** mtume (“prophet”)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah, from Proto-Austronesian *CuməS. Compare Kavalan tumes, Cebuano tuma, Tetum katuma, tuma.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈtuma/ [ˈt̪uː.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: tu‧ma

### Noun

tuma (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ)
* tiny insect found on dirty clothes and fabrics (like a louse)
* pubic louse

### Anagrams

* muta, umat