# 放射
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàngshè
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄕㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^3$ se$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fong-sa
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hòng-siā / pàng-siā
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàngshè
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàngshè
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^4$-shê$^4$
*** Yale: fàng-shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqsheh
*** Palladius: фаншэ (fanšɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^3$ se$^6$
*** Yale: fong seh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^3$ se$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^3$ sé$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³³ sɛː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fong-sa
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong sa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^4$ sa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-siā
*** Tâi-lô: hòng-siā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horngsia
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-siā
*** Tâi-lô: pàng-siā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: parngsia
*** IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia³³/

### Verb

放射
* to radiate; to emit
* to shoot; to fire; to launch

### Noun

放射
* radiation (radioactive energy)

#### Synonyms

* 輻射／辐射 (fúshè)

### Derived terms

* 三度空間立體順形放射治療 / 三度空间立体顺形放射治疗 (sāndù kōngjiān lìtǐ shùnxíng fàngshè zhìliáo)
* 放射化學 / 放射化学 (fàngshè huàxué)
* 放射學 / 放射学 (fàngshèxué)
* 放射性 (fàngshèxìng)
* 放射汙染 / 放射污染
* 放射源
* 放射科 (fàngshèkē)
* 放射線 / 放射线 (fàngshèxiàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 放 | 射 |
| ほう Grade: 3 | しゃ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 輻射

### Etymology

Calque of English radiation; 放 is a daiyōji replacing 輻.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーしゃ [hòóshá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːɕa̠]

### Noun

放(ほう)射(しゃ) • (hōsha)
* radiation; emission

### Verb

放(ほう)射(しゃ)する • (hōsha suru) suru (stem 放(ほう)射(しゃ)し (hōsha shi), past 放(ほう)射(しゃ)した (hōsha shita))
* to emit; to radiate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放射し | ほうしゃし | hōsha shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放射し | ほうしゃし | hōsha shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放射する | ほうしゃする | hōsha suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放射する | ほうしゃする | hōsha suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放射すれ | ほうしゃすれ | hōsha sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放射せよ¹ 放射しろ² | ほうしゃせよ¹ ほうしゃしろ² | hōsha seyo¹ hōsha shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 放射される | ほうしゃされる | hōsha sareru |
| Causative | 放射させる 放射さす | ほうしゃさせる ほうしゃさす | hōsha saseru hōsha sasu |
| Potential | 放射できる | ほうしゃできる | hōsha dekiru |
| Volitional | 放射しよう | ほうしゃしよう | hōsha shiyō |
| Negative | 放射しない | ほうしゃしない | hōsha shinai |
| Negative continuative | 放射せず | ほうしゃせず | hōsha sezu |
| Formal | 放射します | ほうしゃします | hōsha shimasu |
| Perfective | 放射した | ほうしゃした | hōsha shita |
| Conjunctive | 放射して | ほうしゃして | hōsha shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放射すれば | ほうしゃすれば | hōsha sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 放 | 射 |

### Noun

放射 • (bangsa) (hangeul 방사)
* hanja form of 방사 (“radiation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 放 | 射 |

### Noun

放射
* chữ Hán form of phóng xạ (“radiation”).

### Adjective

放射
* chữ Hán form of phóng xạ (“radioactive”).

### Verb

放射
* chữ Hán form of phóng xạ (“to radiate”).