# 阻

| 阻 | U+963B, &#38459; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-963B |
| ← 阺 [U+963A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 阼 → [U+963C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

阻 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中月一 (NLBM), four-corner 7721$_0$, composition ⿰阝且)

#### Derived characters

* 唨 𪩁 𫽖 𨂀 𬨱 𦯓 𪠭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1347, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41593
* Dae Jaweon: page 1849, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4121, character 1
* Unihan data for U+963B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 阻
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 虘 | *zaːl, *zaː |
| 蔖 | *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ |
| 摣 | *rnaː, *ʔsraː |
| 袓 | *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ |
| 怚 | *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ |
| 罝 | *ʔsjaː |
| 謯 | *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ |
| 姐 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 抯 | *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː |
| 飷 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 且 | *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa |
| 趄 | *sʰjaːs, *sʰa |
| 笡 | *sʰjaːs |
| 查 | *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː |
| 柤 | *ʔsraː |
| 樝 | *ʔsraː |
| 皻 | *ʔsraː |
| 渣 | *ʔsraː |
| 楂 | *zraː |
| 苴 | *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa |
| 駔 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ |
| 租 | *ʔsaː |
| 蒩 | *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 祖 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 組 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 珇 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 靻 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 粗 | *sʰaː, *zaːʔ |
| 徂 | *zaː |
| 殂 | *zaː |
| 麆 | *zaːʔ, *zras |
| 伹 | *zaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 蛆 | *ʔsa, *sʰa |
| 沮 | *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra |
| 咀 | *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ |
| 疽 | *sʰa |
| 雎 | *sʰa |
| 狙 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 岨 | *sʰa |
| 砠 | *sʰa |
| 坥 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 刞 | *sʰas |
| 覰 | *sʰas |
| 覷 | *sʰas |
| 跙 | *zaʔ |
| 筯 | *das |
| 菹 | *ʔsra |
| 葅 | *ʔsra |
| 阻 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 俎 | *ʔsraʔ |
| 詛 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 鉏 | *zra, *zraʔ |
| 豠 | *zra |
| 鋤 | *zra |
| 耡 | *zra, *zras |
| 齟 | *zraʔ |
| 助 | *zras |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras): semantic 阝 + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǔ (zu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zo$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zo$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chú
    (Hailu, HRS): zu$^ˊ$
* Northern Min (KCR): cū
* Eastern Min (BUC): cū
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zoe$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔ
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^3$
*** Yale: dzǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuu
*** Palladius: цзу (czu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zo$^2$
*** Yale: jó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sᵘɔ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cū
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cū
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zoe$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cê̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sø⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zoe$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sø³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zo$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsó
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: tsrjoX, tsrjoH
Rime :
| Character | 阻 | 阻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 側吕切 | 莊助切 |
| Baxter | tsrjoX | tsrjoH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃɨʌ$^X$/ | /t͡ʃɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂiɔ$^X$/ | /ʈ͡ʂiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiɔ$^X$/ | /t͡ʃiɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂɨə̆$^X$/ | /ʈ͡ʂɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃiɔ$^X$/ | /t͡ʃiɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭo$^X$/ | /t͡ʃĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯wo$^X$/ | /ʈ͡ʂi̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǔ | zhù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zo$^2$ | zo$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]raʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraʔ/, /*ʔsras/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 阻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]raʔ/ |
| English | filled with obstacles |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 阻 | 阻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10446 | 10450 |
| Phonetic component | 且 | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 詛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsraʔ/ | /*ʔsras/ |

### Definitions

阻
* (transitive or ditransitive) to impede, to hinder, to block, to obstruct
       m$^4$ hou$^2$ zo$^2$ zyu$^6$ ngo$^5$. [Jyutping]
       Don't get in my way.
* obstacle; barrier
    險阻／险阻 ― xiǎnzǔ ― geographic obstacle

#### Compounds

* 不阻
* 串聯電阻 / 串联电阻
* 乖阻
* 修阻
* 全阻
* 勸阻 / 劝阻 (quànzǔ)
* 匹配阻抗
* 千推萬阻 / 千推万阻
* 受阻 (shòuzǔ)
* 嚇阻 / 吓阻 (hèzǔ)
* 困阻
* 圍阻體 / 围阻体
* 天阻
* 巖阻 / 岩阻
* 惡阻 / 恶阻
* 成阻
* 持阻
* 推三阻四 (tuīsānzǔsì)
* 推阻 (tuīzǔ)
* 攔阻 / 拦阻 (lánzǔ)
* 暢行無阻 / 畅行无阻 (chàngxíngwúzǔ)
* 暢通無阻 / 畅通无阻 (chàngtōngwúzǔ)
* 曲阻
* 有效電阻 / 有效电阻
* 梗阻 (gěngzǔ)
* 波浪阻力
* 無阻 / 无阻 (wúzǔ)
* 熱敏電阻 / 热敏电阻 (rèmǐn diànzǔ)
* 痰熱阻肺 / 痰热阻肺
* 禁阻
* 空氣阻力 / 空气阻力 (kōngqì zǔlì)
* 腸阻塞 / 肠阻塞 (chángzǔsè)
* 艱難險阻 / 艰难险阻 (jiānnánxiǎnzǔ)
* 訌阻 / 讧阻
* 諫阻 / 谏阻
* 負阻 / 负阻
* 通行無阻 / 通行无阻
* 遏阻 (èzǔ)
* 重阻
* 間阻 / 间阻
* 防阻
* 阪阻
* 阻修
* 阻力 (zǔlì)
* 阻塞
* 阻截
* 阻抗 (zǔkàng)
* 阻援
* 阻撓 / 阻挠 (zǔnáo)
* 阻擊 / 阻击 (zǔjī)
* 阻擋 / 阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
* 阻擾 / 阻扰 (zǔrǎo)
* 阻攔 / 阻拦 (zǔlán)
* 阻斷 / 阻断 (zǔduàn)
* 阻梗
* 阻止 (zǔzhǐ)
* 阻深
* 阻滯 / 阻滞 (zǔzhì)
* 阻生齒 / 阻生齿
* 阻礙 / 阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
* 阻絕 / 阻绝
* 阻街女郎
* 阻遏 (zǔ'è)
* 阻隔 (zǔgé)
* 阻隘
* 阻險 / 阻险
* 阻難 / 阻难 (zǔnàn)
* 限阻
* 除阻 (chúzǔ)
* 險阻 / 险阻 (xiǎnzǔ)
* 險阻艱難 / 险阻艰难
* 電阻 / 电阻 (diànzǔ)
* 風阻 / 风阻 (fēngzǔ)
* 風雨無阻 / 风雨无阻

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to block, thwart
* steep

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan-on: そ (so, Jōyō)
* Kun: はばむ (habamu, 阻む, Jōyō)、けわしい (kewashii, 阻しい)、へだてる (hedateru, 阻てる)

#### Compounds

* 阻碍(そがい) (sogai)
* 阻止(そし) (soshi)
* 阻喪(そそう) (sosō)
* 険阻(けんそ) (kenso)

## Korean
### Hanja

阻 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

阻: Hán Nôm readings: trở
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.