# castigate
## English
### Etymology

Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin castīgātus, past participle of castīgō (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“cut”). Doublet of chastise and chasten, taken through Old French. See also chaste.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA: /ˈkæs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/, /ˈkæs.tə.ɡeɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

castigate (third-person singular simple present castigates, present participle castigating, simple past and past participle castigated)
* (transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
** 1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, page 264:Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.
* (transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.
** 1573, The Whole Workes of W. Tyndall, Iohn Frith, and Doct. Barnes, Three Worthy Martyrs And Principall Teachers of this Churche of England, Iohn Daye, page 280:God doth indurate, when hee doth not by and by caſtigate a ſynner.
** 1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, translated by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 261:The curse of avarice and cupidity / Is all my sermon, for it frees the pelf. / Out come the pence, and specially for myself, / For my exclusive purpose is to win / And not at all to castigate their sin.
** 2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, page 150:But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.
** 2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, page 59:Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.
** 2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, page 1:From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.
* (transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.

#### Synonyms

* (to punish severely): chastise, punish, rebuke, reprimand
* (to criticize severely): condemn, lambaste
* (to revise a publication): correct, revise
* See also Thesaurus:reprehend

#### Derived terms

* castigant
* castigator
* uncastigated

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Tower of Babel, Indo-European Etymological Database
* ↑ Wordsmith etymology of castigate

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

castigate
* feminine plural of castigato

#### Participle

castigate f pl
* feminine plural of castigato

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

castigate
* inflection of castigare:
** second-person plural present indicative
** second-person plural imperative

## Latin
### Verb

castīgāte
* second-person plural present active imperative of castīgō

### References

* “castigate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Spanish
### Verb

castigate
* second-person singular voseo imperative of castigar combined with te