# cortex
## English
### Etymology

From Latin cortex (“cork, bark”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈkɔɹtɛks/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkɔːtɛks/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɹtɛks

### Noun

cortex (countable and uncountable, plural cortexes or cortices)
* (countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.
* (uncountable, botany) The tissue of a stem or root that lies inward from the epidermis, but exterior to the vascular tissue.
* (archaeology) The outer surface of a piece of flint.

#### Hyponyms

(outer layer of an animalian organ or body structure):
* adrenal cortex
* allocortex
* anterior cingulate cortex
* archicortex
* cerebellar cortex
* cerebral cortex
* cingulate cortex
* cytocortex
* entorhinal cortex
* insular cortex
* isocortex
* mesocortex
* motor cortex
* neocortex
* orbitofrontal cortex
* paleocortex
* paracingulate cortex
* prefrontal cortex
* renal cortex
* somatic sensory cortex
* somatosensory cortex
* visual cortex

#### Coordinate terms

(botany):
* bark
* cork

#### Derived terms

* cerebrocortex
* cortexless
* cortical
* cortico- (and its derivatives)
* endocortex
* epicortex
* exocortex
* hemicortex
* koniocortex
* paracortex
* precortex
* proopiomelanocortic
* retinex
* subcortex

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “cortex”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## French
### Noun

cortex m (uncountable)
* cortex

#### Derived terms

* cortex préfrontal

### Further reading

* “cortex”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-s, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kert-, extended from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), English shear, German scheren, Albanian harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”), Old Armenian քերեմ (kʻerem, “to scrape, scratch”). See also scortum (“skin, hide”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkor.teks/, [ˈkɔrt̪ɛks̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkor.teks/, [ˈkɔrt̪eks]

### Noun

cortex m or f (genitive corticis); third declension
* The bark of a tree; the bark of a cork tree; cork.
* The shell or outward part or covering of anything else; body.
* Life preserver (made of bark)
** nāre sine corticeto need no more assistance(literally, “to swim without life preserver”)(proverb)

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* corticātus
* corticea
* corticeus
* corticōsus
* corticulus
* dēcorticō

#### Descendants

* This section or entry lacks references or sources. Please help verify this information by adding appropriate citations. You can also discuss it at the Tea Room.
* Arabic: القُورْق (al-qūrq)
* Catalan: còrtex
* English: cortex
* French: cortex
* Irish: coirte
* Italian: cortice
* Portuguese: córtex, Portuguese: córtice, Portuguese: cortíceo, Portuguese: cortiço, cortiça
* Sardinian: cortiche, cortighe
* Spanish: corcho, corche, córtex
* ⇒ Translingual: Corticaria

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cortex, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 138

### Further reading

* “cortex”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cortex”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cortex", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cortex in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “cortex”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cortex, Latin cortex.

### Noun

cortex n (plural cortexuri)
* cortex