# surprise
## English
### Alternative forms

* surprize (US, rare)

### Etymology

From Middle English surprise, borrowed from Middle French surprise (“an overtake”), nominal use of the past participle of Old French sorprendre (“to overtake”), from sor- (“over”) + prendre (“to take”), from Latin super- + Latin prendere, contracted from prehendere (“to grasp, seize”). Doublet of suppli.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /səˈpɹaɪz/
* (General American) enPR: sərprīzʹ, IPA: /sɚˈpɹaɪz/
* (General American, r-dissimilation) enPR: səprīzʹ, IPA: /səˈpɹaɪz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: sur‧prise
* Rhymes: -aɪz

### Noun

surprise (countable and uncountable, plural surprises)
* Something unexpected.
    It was a surprise to find out I owed twice as much as I thought I did.
** 2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, “Moldova 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport:England were graphically illustrating the huge gulf in class between the sides and it was no surprise when Lampard added the second just before the half hour. Steven Gerrard found his Liverpool team-mate Glen Johnson and Lampard arrived in the area with perfect timing to glide a header beyond Namasco.
** 2013 August 14, Daniel Taylor, “Rickie Lambert’s debut goal gives England victory over Scotland”, in The Guardian‎:They had begun brightly but the opening goal was such a blow to their confidence it almost came as a surprise when Walcott, running through the inside-right channel, beat the offside trap and, checking back on to his left foot, turned a low shot beyond Allan McGregor in the Scotland goal.
** 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
    Surprise! - A party! Awesome!
       Audio (US):(file)
** 2021 October 20, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 942, page 71:She bought the model as a surprise gift for a friend who is a lifelong HST fan and railwayman, and who will soon be celebrating a milestone birthday.
** A mess of feces, left by a pet or small child in an unexpected place or at an unexpected time.
    After the housecleaners drove off, the cat left a surprise for us on the carpet.
* The feeling that something unexpected has happened.
    Imagine my surprise on learning I owed twice as much as I thought I did.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man’s private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

#### Synonyms

* (something unexpected): more than one bargained for
* (attributively: unexpected): unexpected
* (feeling): astonishment
* (start): give one a start

#### Derived terms

* come as no surprise
* element of surprise
* October surprise
* principle of least surprise
* quel surprise
* surpriseful
* surpriseless
* surprise lily
* surprise party
* surprise surprise
* surprise test paradox
* take by surprise
* tomato surprise

#### Related terms

* quelle surprise

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

surprise (third-person singular simple present surprises, present participle surprising, simple past and past participle surprised)
* (transitive) To cause (someone) to feel unusually alarmed or delighted by something unexpected.
    It surprises me that I owe twice as much as I thought I did.
* (transitive) To do something to (a person) that they are not expecting, as a surprise.
    He doesn’t know that I’m in the country – I thought I’d turn up at his house and surprise him.
* (intransitive) To undergo or witness something unexpected.
    He doesn’t surprise easily.
* (intransitive) To cause surprise.
* (transitive) To attack unexpectedly.
* (transitive) To take unawares.
** 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 112:"You were right," replied Isabella, "and I should not have surprised your confidence, had I not had something I wished to say. I know what you mean to do with Mr. Glentworth's gift—a marriage would scarcely be one without wedding-dresses—he has been equally generous to me, and you must keep the money till it is wanted, which, I hope, will be soon."

#### Synonyms

* (to come upon unexpectedly): overtake

#### Translations
### Interjection

surprise
* Drawing attention to a surprising action by oneself.
    "Surprise!" we shouted as we jumped out from the cupboard. "Happy birthday!"
* Sarcastically drawing attention to something that should have been obvious.
** 2013, John Connell, Beginning Visual Basic 6 Database Programming, page 129:When we add code modules, we will have an additional folder called (surprise!) Modules.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* spurries, uprisers

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French surprise.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʏrˈpriːzə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sur‧pri‧se
* Rhymes: -iːzə

### Noun

surprise f (plural surprises, diminutive surprisetje n)
* (Netherlands) a gift wrapped in an ingenious or creative manner; often given anonymously during Sinterklaas celebrations in a similar way to secret Santa
* a surprise gift
* (obsolete) a surprise
    Synonym: verrassing

#### Derived terms

* sinterklaassurprise

## French
### Etymology

From the feminine of surpris, past participle of the verb surprendre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syʁ.pʁiz/
* Audio:(file)

### Participle

surprise f sg
* feminine singular of surpris
    Je t’ai surprise en flagrant délit.I caught you in the act.

### Adjective

surprise
* feminine singular of surpris

### Noun

surprise f (plural surprises)
* surprise (something unexpected)

#### Derived terms

* ne pas être au bout de ses surprises

#### Descendants

* → Persian: سورپریز (surpriz)

### Further reading

* “surprise”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle French
### Noun

surprise f (plural surprises)
* Alternative form of surprinse

### Adjective

surprise
* feminine singular of surpris

### Verb

surprise
* feminine singular of the past participle of surprendre