# 砌

| 砌 | U+780C, &#30732; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-780C |
| ← 砋 [U+780B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 砍 → [U+780D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

砌 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口心尸竹 (MRPSH), four-corner 1762$_0$, composition ⿰石切)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24062
* Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2419, character 11
* Unihan data for U+780C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 切 | *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd |
| 砌 | *sʰiːds |
| 沏 | *sʰiːd |
| 七 | *sn̥ʰid |
| 柒 | *sn̥ʰid |
| 叱 | *n̥ʰjid |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰiːds): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhè / kih / gih
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^3$
*** Yale: chai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhè
*** Tâi-lô: tshè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhex
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kih
*** Tâi-lô: kih
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kiʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gih
*** Tâi-lô: gih
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ɡiʔ³²/
* chhè - literary;
* kih/gih - vernacular (俗) (“to build by laying bricks or stones”).
* Middle Chinese: tshejH
Rime :
| Character | 砌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 七計切 |
| Baxter | tshejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiːds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 砌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9907 |
| Phonetic component | 七 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 砌 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰiːds/ |
| Notes | 見班固賦 |

### Definitions

砌
* to build by laying bricks or stones
    Synonym: 格 (kek) (Min Nan)
* step (in a staircase)
* (Cantonese) to assemble
    Synonym: 拼 (pīn) (Mandarin)
    Antonym: 拆 (caak$^3$) (Cantonese)
       ngo$^5$ ji$^4$ gaa$^1$ cai$^3$ gan$^2$ go$^3$ gwai$^6$. [Jyutping]
       I am assembling a shelf now.
* (Cantonese) to beat up; to attack
* (Cantonese, figuratively) to beat; to defeat

### Compounds

* 堆砌 (duīqì)
* 壘砌 / 垒砌 (lěiqì)
* 打砌
* 插科使砌
* 步砌
* 瓊堆玉砌 / 琼堆玉砌
* 砌合
* 砌塊建築 / 砌块建筑
* 砌末
* 砌磚 / 砌砖 (qìzhuān)
* 砌詞 / 砌词
* 粉妝玉砌 / 粉妆玉砌 (fěnzhuāngyùqì)
* 苔砌
* 諢砌 / 诨砌
* 鋪砌 / 铺砌 (pūqì)
* 階砌 / 阶砌
* 雕砌
* 點砌 / 点砌

### References

* “砌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せい (sei)、さい (sai)
* Kun: みぎり (migiri, 砌)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 砌
* みぎり Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 砌 – see the following entry. :
| 【みぎり】 | [noun] (literary) time Alternative spelling 砌り |
(This term, 砌, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

砌 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.