# от
## Bulgarian
### Alternative forms

* отъ (ot) (Pre-reform orthography (1945))

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *otъ.

### Pronunciation

* (stressed) IPA: [ɔt]
* (unstressed) IPA: [ot], [ut]

### Preposition

от • (ot)
* used to indicate movement away from a position, from, away from, out of, off
    прибирам се от работаpribiram se ot rabotato come home from work
    излизам от стаятаizlizam ot stajatato go out of the room
    падам от стълбаpadam ot stǎlbato fall off a ladder
    ставам от масатаstavam ot masatato get up from the table
    далеч отdaleč otfar from
* used to indicate the position relative to which something is, from, on, of
    Сградата е на десет километра от епицентъра.Sgradata e na deset kilometra ot epicentǎra.The building is ten kilometres from the epicentre.
    От моята къща се вижда морето.Ot mojata kǎšta se vižda moreto.From my house the sea can be seen.
    наляво от врататаnaljavo ot vratataleft of the door
    от лявата ми странаot ljavata mi stranaon my left
* used to show separation or removal, from
    изваждам три от десетizvaždam tri ot desetto take three (away) from ten
    отстранявам от училищеotstranjavam ot učilišteto expel from school
* used to indicate a starting point in time, from, since
    Беше сляп от раждането си.Beše sljap ot raždaneto si.He was blind from birth.
    Започвам работа от понеделник.Započvam rabota ot ponedelnik.I'm starting work from Monday.
    Познавам я от миналата година.Poznavam ja ot minalata godina.I have known her since last year.
* used to show the group someone/something belongs to, of
    един от насedin ot nasone of us
    трима от приятелите муtrima ot prijatelite muthree of his friends
* used to indicate an indefinite amount of something, some (of), a part of, a piece of
    Някой беше пил от виното.Njakoj beše pil ot vinoto.Someone had drunk some of the wine.
    Яде ли от тортата?Jade li ot tortata?Did you have a piece of the cake?
* used to indicate the origin of someone/something, from, of
    Аз съм от България.Az sǎm ot Bǎlgarija.I'm from Bulgaria.
    Това вино идва от Франция.Tova vino idva ot Francija.This wine comes from France.
    родом отrodom otborn in/native of
    деца от първия бракdeca ot pǎrvija brakchildren of the first marriage
    студент от университетаstudent ot universitetaa student of/from the university
* used to indicate what something is made of or consists of, from, of, out of
    Сиренето се прави от мляко.Sireneto se pravi ot mljako.Cheese is made from/out of milk.
    кутия от дървоkutija ot dǎrvoa box made of wood
    тълпа от хораtǎlpa ot horaa crowd of people
    армия от просяциarmija ot prosjacian army of beggars
* used to show the source that provides something, from
    писмо от брат миpismo ot brat mia letter from my brother
    информация от очевидциinformacija ot očevidciinformation from witnesses
    уча се от грешките сиuča se ot greškite sito learn from one's mistakes
    От това, което чух, той е получил сърдечен удар.Ot tova, koeto čuh, toj e polučil sǎrdečen udar.From what I heard, he had a heart attack.
    купувам нещо от някогоkupuvam nešto ot njakogoto buy something from somebody
    купувам от магазинkupuvam ot magazinto buy from/at/in a shop
    пия от чашаpija ot čašato drink from/out of a glass
    преписвам от книгаprepisvam ot knigato copy out of a book
* used to show the person or thing someone/something is afraid of, ashamed of, saved from, hidden from, etc., from, of
    Страхувам се от кучета.Strahuvam se ot kučeta.I'm afraid of dogs.
    Срам ме е от това, което направих.Sram me e ot tova, koeto napravih.I'm ashamed of what I have done.
    Той беше спасен от удавяне.Toj beše spasen ot udavjane.He was saved from drowning.
    Какво криеш от мен?Kakvo krieš ot men?What are you hiding from me?
    Това лекарство лекува от много болести.Tova lekarstvo lekuva ot mnogo bolesti.This medicine cures many illnesses.
    отървавам се от някогоotǎrvavam se ot njakogoto get rid of someone
* used when comparing or distinguishing things, to introduce the basis of comparison/distinction, than, from
    По-висок съм от нея.Po-visok sǎm ot neja.I'm taller than her.
    Мария е различна от Виктория.Marija e različna ot Viktorija.Maria is different from Victoria.
    Не мога да различа единия от другия.Ne moga da različa edinija ot drugija.I can't distinguish one from the other.
* used to indicate the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice, by
    Лодката беше залята от водата.Lodkata beše zaljata ot vodata.The boat was swamped by the water.
    роман от Дикенсroman ot Dikensa novel by Dickens
* used to show the reason for something, from, out of, with, of, through
    заспивам от умораzaspivam ot umorato fall asleep from weariness/with fatigue
    очи, зачервени от плачoči, začerveni ot plačeyes red from weeping
    умирам от болест/гладumiram ot bolest/gladto die of an illness/hunger
    треперя от студtreperja ot studto shake with cold
    викам от яд/отчаяниеvikam ot jad/otčajanieto shout in anger/despair
    питам от любопитствоpitam ot ljubopitstvoto ask out of curiosity
    от нужда/завистot nužda/zavistout of necessity/envy
    от мързел/невниманиеot mǎrzel/nevnimaniethrough laziness/carelessness
* used to show the state of somebody/something before a change, from
    Нещата станаха от лоши по-лоши.Neštata stanaha ot loši po-loši.Things have gone from bad to worse.
    превеждам от български на английскиpreveždam ot bǎlgarski na anglijskito translate from Bulgarian to English
    събуждам се от сънsǎbuždam se ot sǎnto wake up from sleep
* used to show where somebody/something was before they/it changed place, from
    вървя от град на градvǎrvja ot grad na gradto go from one town to another
* used to indicate the range of something, from
    от сутрин до вечерot sutrin do večerfrom morning till night
    от понеделник до петъкot ponedelnik do petǎkfrom Monday till Friday
    от глава до петиot glava do petifrom head to toe
    Магазинът работи от 9 до 18.Magazinǎt raboti ot 9 do 18.The shop's open from 9 to 6.
* used to indicate the amount of time that has passed since the beginning of something, for
    Познавам я от четири години.Poznavam ja ot četiri godini.I have known her for four years.
    Не съм го виждал от известно време.Ne sǎm go viždal ot izvestno vreme.I haven't seen him for a while.

### Anagrams

* то (to)

## Dolgan
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”). Cognate with Turkish ot.

### Noun

от • (ot)
* grass

## Karachay-Balkar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire

## Kazakh
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [wot]

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire
* hearth
* (figuratively) ardour, passion

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”). Cognate with Turkish ot, etc.

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* (obsolete) grass

##### Synonyms

* шөп (şöp)

## Khakas
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire

## Kumyk
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”).

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* grass

##### Declension
## Kyrgyz
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

#### Noun

от • (ot) (Arabic spelling وت)
* fire

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”).

#### Noun

от • (ot) (Arabic spelling وت)
* grass

### References

* “от”, in Эл-Сөздүк [El-Sözdük] (in Russian)

## Nogai
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt. Cognate to Karakalpak ot.

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot. Cognate to Karakalpak ot.

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* grass, weed

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 o:t”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ōt”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “2 ot”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ot”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* отъ (ot) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
* ото (oto) (before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-))

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic отъ (otŭ), from Proto-Slavic *otъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐt]
* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ət] (after a word ending in consonant and not before a stressed syllable, e.g., "зави́сит от того́ (zavísit ot tovó)")
* IPA: [ˈot] (when stressed)
* Audio:(file)
* Note: The final [t] becomes a [d] before the voiced consonants б (b), г (g), д (d), ж (ž) and з (z).

### Preposition

от • (ot) [with genitive]
* from, away from, of, with (in the following senses):
** to denote the starting point of the movement of something:
    отойти́ от костра́ ― otojtí ot kostrá ― to move away from a fire
    оторва́ть пу́говицу от пиджака́ ― otorvátʹ púgovicu ot pidžaká ― to tear a button from a jacket
    сообще́ние от бра́та ― soobščénije ot bráta ― a message from a brother
** to denote a reference point in comparison with the position of something else:
    сле́ва от меня́ ― sléva ot menjá ― to the left of me
    к се́веру от Москвы́ ― k séveru ot Moskvý ― (to the) north of Moscow
** used with certain verbs to denote literal or figurative distance from the indirect object:
    отказа́ться от сде́лки ― otkazátʹsja ot sdélki ― to reject a deal
    изба́виться от привы́чки ― izbávitʹsja ot privýčki ― to get rid of a habit
    защища́ть от инфе́кции ― zaščiščátʹ ot infékcii ― to protect against infection
    зави́сеть от ситуа́ции ― zavísetʹ ot situácii ― to depend on the situation
** (with до (do)) to denote a range:
    Synonym: — (em dash, тире́) (— (em dash, tiré))
    от 1 неде́ли до 1 ме́сяца ― ot 1 nedéli do 1 mésjaca ― from 1 week to 1 month
    от 1 до 2 миллио́нов рубле́й ― ot 1 do 2 milliónov rubléj ― from 1 to 2 million roubles
    пронумеро́ванные от 1 до 12 ― pronumeróvannyje ot 1 do 12 ― numbered from 1 to 12 / 1 through 12
** to denote the cause or origin of some condition:
    Synonym: (partial, colloquial) с (s)
    умере́ть от разры́ва се́рдца ― umerétʹ ot razrýva sérdca ― to die from/of heart failure
    дрожа́ть от стра́ха ― drožátʹ ot stráxa ― to tremble with fear
    расстро́иться от чьи́х-то слов ― rasstróitʹsja ot čʹíx-to slov ― to get upset by/from someone's words
** used in a few set phrases to denote the nature of an action:
    от души́ ― ot duší ― from the heart
    от всего́ се́рдца ― ot vsevó sérdca ― with all one's heart
* from, since, of (about a time of origin)
    слепо́й от рожде́ния ― slepój ot roždénija ― blind from birth
    Synonym: с (s)
    ука́з президе́нта от 1 сентября́ ― ukáz prezidénta ot 1 sentjabrjá ― the presidential decree of 1 September
    Synonym: genitive case

#### Usage notes

Before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-), the variant form ото (oto) is used.

### Anagrams

* то (to)

## Shor
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire

## Southern Altai
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”). Cognate with Kazakh от (ot), Kyrgyz от (ot), Crimean Tatar ot, Kumyk от (ot), Azerbaijani od, Turkish od, Khakas от (ot), Shor от, Tuvan от (ot), Western Yugur ot, etc.

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* fire

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”). Cognate with Kazakh от (ot), Kyrgyz от (ot), Crimean Tatar ot, Kumyk от (ot), Azerbaijani ot, Turkish ot, Khakas от (ot), Shor от, Tuvan оът (òt), Western Yugur ot/ uʰt, etc.

#### Noun

от • (ot)
* grass

### Related terms

* чӧп (čöp)

### References

N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “от”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN

## Southern Yukaghir
### Etymology

From Proto-Yukaghir *ət-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈot]
* Rhymes: -ot
* Hyphenation: от

### Particle

от (ot)
* Used to mark the irrealis mood.

#### Usage notes

* Usually used in its affirmative form, мэт (met).

### References

* Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 6

## Tuvan
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).

### Noun

от • (ot) (definite accusative отту, plural оттар)
* fire

## Yakut
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”). Cognate with Turkish ot and Kazakh от (ot), but a false cognate with English oat.

### Noun

от • (ot)
* grass, hay

#### Derived terms

* алтан от (altan ot, “dandelion”)
* от күөҕэ (ot küöğe, “green”)
* От ыйа (Ot ıya, “July”)
* от-мас (ot-mas, “vegetation”)
* отто кэбис (otto kebis, “to stack hay”)
* оттук (ottuk, “grass in a pasture”)
* отуу (otuu, “grass hut”)
* ытырыык от (ıtırıık ot, “nettle”)

### See also

* оҕус (oğus, “to mow”)