# caoch
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos (compare Welsh coeg (“empty, vain, one-eyed, blind”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”) (compare Latin caecus (“blind”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /keːx/, [këːə̯x]
* (Connacht) IPA: /kiːx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /kiːx/, (older) /kɯːx/

### Noun

caoch m (genitive singular caoich, nominative plural caocha)
* blind, purblind person, creature

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
caoch
caocha
vocative
a chaoich
a chaocha
genitive
caoich
caoch
dative
caoch
caocha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an caoch
na caocha
genitive
an chaoich
na gcaoch
dative
leis an gcaoch don chaoch
leis na caocha :

#### Derived terms

* caoch láibe (“mole”)

### Noun

caoch f (genitive singular caoiche, nominative plural caocha)
* found in the names of agriculturally harmful organisms

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
caoch
caocha
vocative
a chaoch
a chaocha
genitive
caoiche
caoch
dative
caoch caoich (archaic, dialectal)
caocha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an chaoch
na caocha
genitive
na caoiche
na gcaoch
dative
leis an gcaoch leis an gcaoich (archaic, dialectal) don chaoch don chaoich (archaic, dialectal)
leis na caocha :

#### Derived terms

* caoch na gcearc (“henbane”)
* caoch rua (“wireworm”)

### Adjective

caoch (genitive singular masculine caoich, genitive singular feminine caoiche, plural caocha, comparative caoiche)
* blind, purblind (of creature)
* blind, empty; (of place) blind, closed up (of seed-vessel)
* (card games) nontrump

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* caochneantóg (“deadnettle”)

### Verb

caoch (present analytic caochann, future analytic caochfaidh, verbal noun caochadh, past participle caochta)
* (transitive) blind; daze, dazzle
* (intransitive, of seed-vessel) become empty, wither
* (intransitive) close, become blocked
* (intransitive) wink [with ar ‘at’]; flicker

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | caochadh | caochadh | caochadh | caochadh | caochadh | caochadh | caochadh | caochadh |
| past participle | caochta | caochta | caochta | caochta | caochta | caochta | caochta | caochta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | caochaim | caochann tú; caochair$^†$ | caochann sé, sí | caochaimid | caochann sibh | caochann siad; caochaid$^†$ | a chaochann; a chaochas / a gcaochann* | caochtar |
| past | chaoch mé; chaochas | chaoch tú; chaochais | chaoch sé, sí | chaochamar; chaoch muid | chaoch sibh; chaochabhair | chaoch siad; chaochadar | a chaoch / ar chaoch* | caochadh |
| past habitual | chaochainn / gcaochainn‡‡ | chaochtá / gcaochtá‡‡ | chaochadh sé, sí / gcaochadh sé, sí‡‡ | chaochaimis; chaochadh muid / gcaochaimis‡‡; gcaochadh muid‡‡ | chaochadh sibh / gcaochadh sibh‡‡ | chaochaidís; chaochadh siad / gcaochaidís‡‡; gcaochadh siad‡‡ | a chaochadh / a gcaochadh* | chaochtaí / gcaochtaí‡‡ |
| future | caochfaidh mé; caochfad | caochfaidh tú; caochfair$^†$ | caochfaidh sé, sí | caochfaimid; caochfaidh muid | caochfaidh sibh | caochfaidh siad; caochfaid$^†$ | a chaochfaidh; a chaochfas / a gcaochfaidh* | caochfar |
| conditional | chaochfainn / gcaochfainn‡‡ | chaochfá / gcaochfá‡‡ | chaochfadh sé, sí / gcaochfadh sé, sí‡‡ | chaochfaimis; chaochfadh muid / gcaochfaimis‡‡; gcaochfadh muid‡‡ | chaochfadh sibh / gcaochfadh sibh‡‡ | chaochfaidís; chaochfadh siad / gcaochfaidís‡‡; gcaochfadh siad‡‡ | a chaochfadh / a gcaochfadh* | chaochfaí / gcaochfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go gcaocha mé; go gcaochad$^†$ | go gcaocha tú; go gcaochair$^†$ | go gcaocha sé, sí | go gcaochaimid; go gcaocha muid | go gcaocha sibh | go gcaocha siad; go gcaochaid$^†$ | — | go gcaochtar |
| past | dá gcaochainn | dá gcaochtá | dá gcaochadh sé, sí | dá gcaochaimis; dá gcaochadh muid | dá gcaochadh sibh | dá gcaochaidís; dá gcaochadh siad | — | dá gcaochtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | caochaim | caoch | caochadh sé, sí | caochaimis | caochaigí; caochaidh$^†$ | caochaidís | — | caochtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 101, page 56

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “caoch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* coech

### Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɯːx/

### Adjective

caoch (genitive singular feminine caoiche)
* empty
* blind
* hollow
* blasted
* one-eyed

### Noun

caoch m
* grampus
* mole
* blind beast

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “caoch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language