# drone
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɹəʊn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /dɹoʊn/
* Rhymes: -əʊn

### Etymology 1

From Middle English drane, from Old English drān, from Proto-West Germanic *drānu, from Proto-Germanic *drēniz, *drēnuz, *drenô (“an insect, drone”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēn- (“bee, drone, hornet”). Cognate with Danish drone (“drone”), Dutch dar (“male bee or wasp”), German Drohne, dialectal German Dräne, Trehne, Trene (“drone”), Low German drone (“drone”), Swedish drönje, drönare (“drone”).
The etymology of the sense of "remote-controlled aircraft" is disputed; theories include early military UAVs dumbly flying on preset paths.

#### Noun

drone (plural drones)
* A male ant, bee, or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.
** 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:All with united force combine to drive / The lazy drones from the laborious hive.
* (now rare) One who does not work; a lazy person, an idler.
** c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:SHYLOCK: / The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder, / Snail-slow in profit, and he sleeps by day / More than the wild-cat; drones hive not with me; / Therefore I part with him; and part with him / To one what I would have him help to waste / His borrowed purse. […]
** 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 117:he that gathereth not every day as much as I doe, the next day shall be set beyond the river, and be banished from the Fort as a drone, till he amend his conditions or starve.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:by living as a drone, to be an unprofitable or unworthy member of so learned and noble a society
* One who performs menial or tedious work.
    Synonym: drudge
* A remotely operated vehicle.
** An aircraft operated by remote control, especially an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
    Synonyms: UAV, UAS
    Hyponyms: kamikaze drone, quadcopter
    Several images of the compound were obtained via a drone overflight.
    One team member launched a camera drone over the Third Pole.
*** 1948 September, “Air Force Day”, in U.S. Air Services‎, page 6:An atomic tested Flying Fortress will make a nonstop flight from Florida, and from the time the first engine kicks over until the last propeller stops spinning at Bolling, no hands will touch the controls. A radio controlled drone, it will make the journey with its mother ship, another Fortress, as part of the Experimental Guided Missiles Group contribution to the demonstration.
*** 2012 October 25, Scott Shane, “Drone Strikes to Be Investigated”, in New York Times‎:The United Nations is setting up a unit to investigate American drone strikes and other targeted killings of terrorist suspects, Ben Emmerson, the United Nations special rapporteur on counterterrorism and human rights, said Thursday.
*** 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist‎, volume 405, number 8813, page 3:A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.
*** 2013 June 7, Ed Pilkington, “‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 188, number 26, page 6:In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.
*** 2017 October 17, Christina Caron, “After Drone Hits Plane in Canada, New Fears About Air Safety”, in New York Times‎:In April, as an Air Canada Jazz flight was landing at Trudeau Airport, a drone came so close the pilot was able to identify it as a quadcopter.
*** 2020 May 20, Paul Stephen, “NR beats floods to secure tracks to Drax”, in Rail, page 58, photo caption:NR made extensive use of drones, helicopters and a team of divers to inspect the flood-damaged section of embankment that forced the closure of one of the lines into Drax from February 6-April 20.
*** 2021, Francis A. Boyle, World Politics, Human Rights, and International Law, page 9:Indeed, referring to his drone murder extermination campaign Obama bragged: "I'm really good at killing people!" Those are Obama's own words!
** (chiefly military) Any remotely-operated vehicle (ROV), especially when multiple such vehicles are operated from a larger vessel.
    Synonyms: ROV, ROUV
*** 1946, Seventh United States Army in France and Germany, Report of Operations‎, volume 1, page 73:The Apex boat is a small radio-controlled craft which tows, at an angle, two Drone boats. The latter are small craft filled with explosives to be detonated from the control radio of the Apex boat.
*** 1968 July, “Long-Distance Crews”, in All Hands‎, number 618, page 27:Firefish, a drone boat, is the second radio-controlled target used by the detachment. A 17-foot fiber glass craft, it weighs 1700 pounds and operates from the support ship by remote control at a range of up to five miles using tracking radar.
*** 1968 September, “Desert Tank Corps”, in All Hands‎, number 620, page 13:There, in the heart of a desert target range, operates a fleet of remote-control QM-56 mobile land drones, more familiarly described as modified tanks.
*** 1984 March 1, UPI, “Libya owns drone boats, Navy says”, in Eugene Register-Guard‎, page 2:"Libya obtained a remote controlled explosive boat system consisting of 30-knot drone boats packed with high explosives controlled from a cabin cruiser type craft," Butts told the seapower and strategic and critical materials subcomittee.
* (Uganda) A Toyota HiAce or a similar van, especially one used by Ugandan state agents to kidnap opposition members.
** 2021 February 4, Alex Mugasha, “Why Uganda's security agencies have fallen in love with the "Drone" van”, in Nile Post‎:The van is locally referred to as "a drone" because it is compact and stable under extreme conditions. It is also very fast. Technically though, it is a Toyota Hiace, which is usually used for commercial purposes.
** 2021 February 4, Kakwenza Rukirabashaija, “Horror inside a kidnap drone”, in The Observer‎:He has been arrested several times, transported in drone vans and brutalized in various detention facilities.
** 2021 March 3, Liam Taylor, “They came in plainclothes with guns: 'Abducted' by Uganda's army”, in Al Jazeera‎:The Toyota Hiace is a light commercial van that can be used as a minibus, a taxi, or even an ambulance. But in Uganda, the "drone" has a sinister reputation. Chris Atukwasize, a cartoonist at the Daily Monitor newspaper, dubbed it the #WheelsOfSteal and rendered it as a skull: brake lights dripping blood, its front grille a row of teeth, and hands plastered behind its tinted back windows, pleading for help.
** 2022 October 2, Sam Waswa, “UPDF Probes Drone Raid at Journalist's Home”, in Chimp Reports‎:Earlier this week, Deputy Speaker of Parliament Thomas Tayebwa summoned the Prime Minister Robinah Nabbanja together with the Ministers of Security and Internal Affairs and parliamentary whips to address the said return of drones on the streets.
** 2022 October 20, Albert K Awedoba, Andreas Mehler, Benedikt Kamski, David Sebudubudu, Africa Yearbook, volume 18, →ISBN, page 419:A minibus van, often numberless and dubbed the 'drone', gained notoriety for kidnaps and disappearances.
* (slang, derogatory) One who lacks the ability to think critically and independently, especially one who follows a group blindly; a non-player character.
** 2009 December 18, Benway (original non-Zionist), “Shocking Jewish faggot property pimp attack on Australia”, in aus.politics‎ (Usenet):The billionaire-friendly media drones and frenzied multiculturalist politicians are imposing "vibrant" third world social violence onto Australians, and Australians don't get to vote against this "bipartisan" conspiracy. The hyperactive globalist politicians and media drones might find themselves facing firing squads if they don't change their corrupt ways.
** 2017 January 19, The Party Of Trump (The Party For Winners), “Re: Clinton Cash”, in alt.checkmate‎ (Usenet):Instead, you got into lockstep with all the other hive-mind libtard drones and voted for the slimy corrupt scumbag bitch who was under *two* active Congressional investigations (a first in history, BTW), Hitlery Clinton.
* (BDSM) In dronification kink, one who is mindless and obedient to a dominant, characterized by a detached and robotic identity and an anonymous appearance, typically composed of a latex suit and gas mask.
    Coordinate term: programmer

##### Usage notes

* In sense “unmanned aircraft”, primarily used informally of military aircraft or consumer radio controlled quadcopters, without precise definition. The application of the term drone to unmanned aircraft, (and subsequently to other unmanned vehicles) has been traced to British military jargon of the mid 1930s. The most common aircraft used for British naval gunnery target practice at that time was a pilotless, radio controlled biplane produced by the de Havilland Aircraft Company named the DH.82 Queen Bee. Despite being called the Queen Bee, which, of course, is a female bee, by its maker, these aircraft came to be known as "drones", a particular name in entomology for a male bee or wasp, in reference to the fact that, in a manner similar to the fact of a drone honeybee dying after performing its essential function during a nuptial flight, the DH.82 was expected to "give its life" (that is, to be destroyed) as a result of the performance of its own essential function as a gunnery target.

##### Derived terms

* alimony drone
* antidrone
* combat drone
* counterdrone
* drone-athon
* drone-a-thon
* droneboarding
* drone fly
* Dronehenge
* dronelike
* drone metal
* dronepipe
* dronescape
* dronesome
* dronespace
* droney
* dronie
* dronification
* dronish
* dronist
* dronology
* drony
* microdrone
* minidrone
* Nintendrone
* office drone
* suicide drone

##### Descendants

* → Asturian: dron
* → Italian: drone
* → Punjabi: ਡ੍ਰੋਨ (ḍron)
* → Polish: dron
* → Portuguese: drone
* → Spanish: dron

##### Translations
#### Verb

drone (third-person singular simple present drones, present participle droning, simple past and past participle droned)
* (transitive, colloquial) To kill with a missile fired by unmanned aircraft.
** 2014, Colin Campbell, “Bill Ayers To Obama: 'Stop Droning People'”, in Business Insider‎:"I have a lot of advice for him," Ayers said in the interview, aired Tuesday night. "I want him to stop droning people. I want him to close Guantanamo. I want universal healthcare. Don't you think we deserve universal healthcare? Seriously."
** 2016, David Moye, “Trevor Noah: If Trump Is Elected, He’ll Wage ‘Warsuits’”, in Huffington Post‎:“He won’t be waging wars all the world ― he’ll be waging ‘warsuits,’” Noah said. “Droning people with subpoenas all over the globe.”
** 2018, David Weigel, “The new ‘Dr. No’: Rep. Justin Amash, marooned in Congress”, in Washington Post‎:“Are we still droning people? Yeah,” he said. “Are we still running covert operations that weren’t authorized by Congress? Yeah. Is the government still spying on Americans without warrants? Without due process. Yeah. When some libertarians talk about the great accomplishments we’re seeing on foreign policy, I don’t know what they’re talking about. Reaching out to these guys is one thing, but you have to move down the court. [Trump] actually made it harder for us to have a good relationship with Russia.”

##### Derived terms

* droningly

### Etymology 2

From Middle English drounen (“to roar, bellow”), from Proto-West Germanic *drunnjan, from Proto-Germanic *drunjaną (“to drone, roar, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to roar, hum, drone”).
Cognate with Scots drune (“to drone, moan, complain”), Dutch dreunen (“to drone, boom, thud”), Low German drönen (“to drone, buzz, hum”), German dröhnen (“to roar, boom, rumble”), Danish drøne (“to roar, boom, peel out”), Swedish dröna (“to low, bellow, roar”), Icelandic drynja (“to roar”).

#### Verb

drone (third-person singular simple present drones, present participle droning, simple past and past participle droned)
* To produce a low-pitched hum or buzz.
* To speak in a monotone.

##### Derived terms

* drone on

##### Translations
#### Noun

drone (plural drones)
* A low-pitched hum or buzz.
** 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows:He chanted as he flew and the car responded with sonorous drone.
* (music) One of the fixed-pitch pipes on a bagpipe.
* (music, uncountable) A genre of music that uses repeated lengthy droning sounds.
* A humming or deep murmuring sound.
** 1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, →OCLC, (please specify either |part=I or II):The monotonous drone of the wheel.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3
#### Noun

drone (uncountable)
* (UK, slang) The drug mephedrone.
    Synonym: meow

### References

* 1 2 Kelsey D. Atherton (2013 March 7) “Flying Robots 101: Everything You Need To Know About Drones”, in Popular Science‎, archived from the original on 2013-03-10

### Further reading

* drone (bee) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* drone (aircraft) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* drone music on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* nerdo, orned, Doren, redon, Doner, doner, ronde, Roden, renod

## Danish
### Etymology

From Middle Low German drone (sense 1), and English drone (sense 2).

### Noun

drone c (singular definite dronen, plural indefinite droner)
* a drone (male bee)
* a drone (radio-controlled pilotless aircraft)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “drone” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “drone” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English drone (“aircraft drone”). Doublet with dar (“male bee”), which descended from Middle Dutch, cf. Limburgish dreen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /droːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oːn

### Noun

drone m (plural drones, diminutive droontje n)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

#### Derived terms

* droneaanval

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English drone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdrone/, [ˈdro̞ne̞]
* Rhymes: -one
* Hyphenation: dro‧ne

### Noun

drone
* (Anglicism) drone (unmanned aircraft)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of drone (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
droneni
droneni
accusative
nom.
droneni
droneni
gen.
droneni
genitive
droneni
dronejeni droneini $^{rare}$
partitive
droneani
dronejani
inessive
dronessani
droneissani
elative
dronestani
droneistani
illative
droneeni
droneihini
adessive
dronellani
droneillani
ablative
droneltani
droneiltani
allative
dronelleni
droneilleni
essive
dronenani
droneinani
translative
dronekseni
droneikseni
abessive
dronettani
droneittani
instructive
comitative
—droneineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dronesi
dronesi
accusative
nom.
dronesi
dronesi
gen.
dronesi
genitive
dronesi
dronejesi droneisi $^{rare}$
partitive
droneasi
dronejasi
inessive
dronessasi
droneissasi
elative
dronestasi
droneistasi
illative
droneesi
droneihisi
adessive
dronellasi
droneillasi
ablative
droneltasi
droneiltasi
allative
dronellesi
droneillesi
essive
dronenasi
droneinasi
translative
droneksesi
droneiksesi
abessive
dronettasi
droneittasi
instructive
comitative
—droneinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dronemme
dronemme
accusative
nom.
dronemme
dronemme
gen.
dronemme
genitive
dronemme
dronejemme droneimme $^{rare}$
partitive
droneamme
dronejamme
inessive
dronessamme
droneissamme
elative
dronestamme
droneistamme
illative
droneemme
droneihimme
adessive
dronellamme
droneillamme
ablative
droneltamme
droneiltamme
allative
dronellemme
droneillemme
essive
dronenamme
droneinamme
translative
droneksemme
droneiksemme
abessive
dronettamme
droneittamme
instructive
comitative
—droneinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dronenne
dronenne
accusative
nom.
dronenne
dronenne
gen.
dronenne
genitive
dronenne
dronejenne droneinne $^{rare}$
partitive
droneanne
dronejanne
inessive
dronessanne
droneissanne
elative
dronestanne
droneistanne
illative
droneenne
droneihinne
adessive
dronellanne
droneillanne
ablative
droneltanne
droneiltanne
allative
dronellenne
droneillenne
essive
dronenanne
droneinanne
translative
droneksenne
droneiksenne
abessive
dronettanne
droneittanne
instructive
comitative
—droneinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dronensa
dronensa
accusative
nom.
dronensa
dronensa
gen.
dronensa
genitive
dronensa
dronejensa droneinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
droneaan droneansa
dronejaan dronejansa
inessive
dronessaan dronessansa
droneissaan droneissansa
elative
dronestaan dronestansa
droneistaan droneistansa
illative
droneensa
droneihinsa
adessive
dronellaan dronellansa
droneillaan droneillansa
ablative
droneltaan droneltansa
droneiltaan droneiltansa
allative
dronelleen dronellensa
droneilleen droneillensa
essive
dronenaan dronenansa
droneinaan droneinansa
translative
dronekseen droneksensa
droneikseen droneiksensa
abessive
dronettaan dronettansa
droneittaan droneittansa
instructive
comitative
—droneineen droneinensa :

#### Synonyms

* drooni
* lennokki

### Further reading

* “drone”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

English drone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʁon/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Switzerland):(file)

### Noun

drone m (plural drones)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

#### Derived terms

* drone kamikaze
* drone suicide

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English drone.

### Noun

drone m (invariable)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

### Anagrams

* derno, dreno, drenò, rendo, ronde

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish dronn (“end of the spine; hump”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /droːn/

### Noun

drone m (genitive singular dronney, plural dronyn)
* hump

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dronn”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Middle English
### Noun

drone
* Alternative form of drane

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Middle Low German drone (sense 1), and English drone (sense 2).

### Noun

drone m (definite singular dronen, indefinite plural droner, definite plural dronene)
* a drone (male bee)
* a drone (radio-controlled pilotless aircraft)

#### Synonyms

* dronefly (aircraft)

### References

* “drone” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Low German drone (sense 1), and English drone (sense 2).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdruːnə/

### Noun

drone m (definite singular dronen, indefinite plural dronar, definite plural dronane)
* drone (male bee)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

#### Synonyms

* (male bee): hannbie
* (aircraft): dronefly

### References

* “drone” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English drone.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈdɾo.ni/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɾɔ.nɨ/, (English pronunciation) /ˈdɾo(w).nɨ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɾɔ.nɨ/, (English pronunciation) /ˈdɾo(w).nɨ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɾɔ.nɨ/, (English pronunciation) /ˈdɾow.nɨ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɾɔ.nɨ/, (English pronunciation) /ˈdɾo.nɨ/
* Rhymes: -oni
* Hyphenation: dro‧ne

### Noun

drone m (plural drones)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

### Further reading

* “drone”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “drone”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025
* “drone”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “drone”, in Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisboa: Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, 2001–2025
* “drone”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “drone”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “drone”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* dron

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English drone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɾon/ [ˈd̪ɾõn]
* Rhymes: -on

### Noun

drone m (plural drones)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

#### Usage notes

* According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* dron (rare)

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English drone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɾon/

### Noun

drone (definite accusative droneu, plural dronelar)
* drone (unmanned aircraft)

#### Synonyms

* insansız hava aracı
* İHA