# 忽

| 忽 | U+5FFD, &#24573; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FFD |
| ← 忼 [U+5FFC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忾 → [U+5FFE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忽 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹心 (PHP), four-corner 2733$_2$, composition ⿱勿心)

#### Derived characters

* 𬾠, 唿, 𡝲, 惚, 㧾, 淴, 㺀, 𣇤, 𪲨, 𬊡, 𤙹, 𤦏, 𦜩, 𥇰, 𦁕(𰬦), 𦖟, 𰃒, 𧩓, 鍃,(锪), 𧇰, 𩋚, 䬍(𬲀), 𪍃, 𫜚
* 𢽨, 𪯏, 𭞿, 𪂒, 𫻜, 𡱽, 䓤, 䨚, 𩭳, 𫆒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10405
* Dae Jaweon: page 707, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5FFD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忽 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 脗 | *minʔ |
| 吻 | *mɯnʔ |
| 刎 | *mɯnʔ |
| 伆 | *mɯnʔ, *mɯd |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 沕 | *mrɯd, *mɯd |
| 忽 | *hmɯːd |
| 昒 | *hmɯːd, *mɯd |
| 惚 | *hmɯːd |
| 匫 | *hmɯːd |
| 笏 | *hmɯːd |
| 曶 | *hmɯːd |
| 淴 | *ʔmɯːd |
| 物 | *mɯd |
| 勿 | *mɯd |
| 芴 | *mɯd |
| 岉 | *mɯd |
Historically and academically considered a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmɯːd): phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd) + semantic 心 (“heart”). Incorrectly colloquially explained as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 勿 (“not”) + 心 (“heart”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hū (hu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fat$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fut
    (Hailu, HRS): fud
* Jin (Wiktionary): huah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): hŏ
* Eastern Min (BUC): huók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoh$^6$ / huoh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hut
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hug$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$hoq / $^7$hueq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hū
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hu
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^1$
*** Yale: hū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fat$^1$
*** Yale: fāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fut
*** Hakka Romanization System: fud$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fud$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /fut̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fud
*** Sinological IPA: /fut⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: huah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuaʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huók
*** Sinological IPA : /huɔʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hoh$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: heoh
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hut
*** Tâi-lô: hut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hud
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hut̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hut̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hug$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huk
*** Sinological IPA : /huk̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$hoq
*** MiniDict: hoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$hoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hoʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /hoʔ⁵⁵/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$hueq
*** MiniDict: hueh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /huəʔ⁴³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit忽 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xv̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /fu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /fu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xuəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /hoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /huəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /hoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xu⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɸu²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɨʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fut̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɐt̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /fɐt̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /fut̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hut̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɔʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xo²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /huk̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hut̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: xwot
Rime :
| Character | 忽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼骨切 |
| Baxter | xwot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁut/ |
| English | careless; confused |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13211 |
| Phonetic component | 勿 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 忽 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmɯːd/ |

#### Definitions

忽
* suddenly; abruptly
* to neglect; to ignore
* (dated) the number 10$^{-5}$; 1/100000th of certain units of measure
    忽米 ― hūmǐ ― centimillimeter
** (Mainland China) traditional unit of length equal to 1/100000th of 寸 (cùn, “Chinese inch, $^1$/$_3$ decimeter”) ≈ 0.33 micron
** (Mainland China) traditional unit of weight equal to 1/100000th of 錢／钱 (qián, “mace”) = 50 microgram
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一忽
* 一忽兒 / 一忽儿
* 倏來忽往 / 倏来忽往
* 倏忽
* 公忽
* 奄忽
* 岸忽
* 忽上忽下
* 忽冷忽熱 / 忽冷忽热 (hūlěnghūrè)
* 忽剌八
* 忽剌巴
* 忽喜忽憂 / 忽喜忽忧
* 忽地 (hūdì)
* 忽微
* 忽忽
* 忽忽不樂 / 忽忽不乐
* 忽怳 (hūhuǎng)
* 忽恍 (hūhuǎng)
* 忽明忽滅 / 忽明忽灭
* 忽東忽西 / 忽东忽西
* 忽然 (hūrán)
* 忽略 (hūlüè)
* 忽的
* 忽視 / 忽视 (hūshì)
* 忽而 (hū'ér)
* 忽聚忽散
* 忽荒
* 忽見 / 忽见 (hūjiàn)
* 忽起忽落
* 忽閃 / 忽闪
* 忽隱忽現 / 忽隐忽现
* 忽雷 (hūléi)
* 忽高忽低
* 忽魯魯 / 忽鲁鲁
* 怳忽 (huǎnghū)
* 怠忽
* 怠忽職守 / 怠忽职守
* 恍忽 (huǎnghū)
* 恍恍忽忽
* 恤近忽遠 / 恤近忽远
* 悠忽
* 悠悠忽忽
* 暴忽
* 杪忽
* 沒忽的 / 没忽的
* 玩忽
* 疏忽
* 眇眇忽忽
* 瞻前忽後 / 瞻前忽后
* 禍生於忽 / 祸生于忽
* 秒忽
* 簡忽 / 简忽
* 粗忽
* 罕忽
* 翕忽
* 荒忽
* 行行忽忽
* 行蹤飄忽 / 行踪飘忽
* 超忽
* 軋忽 / 轧忽
* 輕忽 / 轻忽 (qīnghū)
* 迷忽忽
* 這忽兒 / 这忽儿
* 連朦帶忽 / 连朦带忽
* 陵忽
* 飄忽 / 飘忽 (piāohū)
* 飄忽不定 / 飘忽不定 (piāohūbùdìng)
* 驀忽 / 蓦忽
* 驀忽間 / 蓦忽间
* 黑忽忽 (hēihūhū)

#### See also

Chinese historical small numbers :
| Value | Character | Notes |
| 10$^{-1}$ | 分 (fèn) | Still in use. SI prefix deci-. |
| 10$^{-2}$ | 厘 (lí), 釐 (lí) | Still in use. SI prefix centi-. |
| 10$^{-3}$ | 毫 (háo) | Still in use. SI prefix milli-. Also 毛 (máo). |
| 10$^{-4}$ | 絲 / 丝 (sī) | Rarely used today. |
| 10$^{-4}$ | 秒 (miǎo) | Obsolete, only in ancient texts. |
| 10$^{-5}$ | 忽 (hū) | Rarely used today. |
| 10$^{-6}$ | 微 (wēi) | Still in use. SI prefix micro-. |
| 10$^{-7}$ | 纖 / 纤 (xiān) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-8}$ | 沙 (shā) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-9}$ | 塵 / 尘 (chén) | Obsolete. 納 / 纳 (nà) and 奈 (nài) are used for nano-. |
| 10$^{-10}$ | 埃 (āi) | Obsolete. In modern use, the character for angstrom (10$^{-10}$ m). |
| 10$^{-11}$ | 渺 (miǎo) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-12}$ | 漠 (mò) | Obsolete. 皮 (pí) is used for SI prefix pico-. |

#### References

* “忽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): fat$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fat$^1$
*** Yale: fāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐt̚⁵/

#### Definitions

忽 (Cantonese)
* place
* part

#### Compounds

* 一岩一忽
* 東一忽西一忽 / 东一忽西一忽
* 邊忽 / 边忽

## Goguryeo
### Etymology

Possibly related to Middle Korean 골〯 (kwǒl) and Middle Korean ᄀᆞ옳 (kòwòlh). A possible Wanderwort; see Proto-Uralic *kota for more.

### Noun

忽 (*kuru or *kolo) (Records of the Three Kingdoms 溝漊).
* castle, fortress

### References

* 1 2 Lim, Byung-joon (1999) (A) Study on the borrowed writings of the dialect of Koguryo Dynasty in Ancient Korean (MA), Konkuk University
* 1 2 Vovin, Alexander (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎, volume 15, number 2 (PDF), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* in a moment
* instantly
* all of a sudden
* neglect
* disregard

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こつ (kotsu)
* Kun: ゆるがせ (yurugase, 忽せ)、たちまち (tachimachi, 忽ち)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 忽
* こつ Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
Adjective attested from at least the 16th century, noun from the 19th

### Noun

忽(こつ) or 忽(コツ) • (kotsu)
* (mathematics) one ten-thousandth

### Adjective

忽(こつ) or 忽(コツ) • (kotsu) $^†$-tari (adnominal 忽(こつ)とした (kotsu to shita) or 忽(こつ)たる (kotsu taru), adverbial 忽(こつ)と (kotsu to) or 忽(こつ)として (kotsu to shite))
* (obsolete) sudden, abrupt

### References

* ↑ “こつ 【忽】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000

## Korean
### Hanja

忽 • (hol) (hangeul 홀)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忽: Hán Nôm readings: hốt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.