# 服

| 服 | U+670D, &#26381; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670D |
| ← 朌 [U+670C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朎 → [U+670E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

服 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月尸中水 (BSLE), four-corner 7724$_7$, composition ⿰月𠬝 or ⿰⿵⺆⺀𠬝)

#### Derived characters

* 棴, 𲋻, 𩸤, 𬶚, 鵩, 𫛳, 𣔚, 𧌘, 𪂖, 菔, 𦋉, 箙, 𧟱, 𧟵, 𨵟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14345
* Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2053, character 7
* Unihan data for U+670D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 服 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 菔 | *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 服 | *bɯɡ |
| 鵩 | *bɯɡ |
| 箙 | *bɯɡ |
| 棴 | *bɯɡ, *smoːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯɡ): semantic 凡 (“tray”) + phonetic 𠬝 (*[b]ək, “to subdue”) – to serve. 凡 here has been corrupted into 舟 and subsequently 月.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fú, fù (fu$^2$, fu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ, ㄈㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): fú
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fuk$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fuh$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): fug$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fug$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): feh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): hū / hŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŭk / hók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$voq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fú
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fú
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
* fú - usual pronunciation;
* fù - only in the sense “dose”.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit服 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /fu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /fu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /fu⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /fu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /fu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /fu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fv̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /fu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /fu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /fu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /fu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /fu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /fu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /fuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /fəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /fəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /fəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /voʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /voʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /voʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /fu²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /fu²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /fu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɸu²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fuʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fuk̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /fuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /fuk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /fuk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xu⁴⁴/ 舒～ /xu²⁴/ ～從 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hok̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /fok̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: bjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 服 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房六切 |
| Baxter | bjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fuk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/, /*[b]əʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 服 | 服 | 服 | 服 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú | fú | fú | fù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuwk › | ‹ bjuwk › | ‹ bjuwk › | ‹ bjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ək/ | /*[b]ək/ | /*[b]ək/ | /*[b]əʔ/ |
| English | quiver (n.) | garment; wear (v.) | subdue, submit | box of a carriage |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 服 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3366 |
| Phonetic component | 服 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伏 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

服
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clothes; garment; dress
    衣服 ― yīfú ― clothes
    校服 ― xiàofú ― school uniform
* mourning dress; mourning apparel
* to wear; to put on (clothes)
* to take; to eat
    服藥／服药 ― fúyào ― to take medicine
    服用 ― fúyòng ― to take medicine
    服毒 ― fúdú ― to take poison
    每日服三次。 ― Měirì fú sān cì. ― Take it three times a day.
* to serve; to be engaged in
    客服 ― kèfú ― customer service
    服兵役 ― fú bīngyì ― to serve in the army
    服刑 ― fúxíng ― to serve a sentence
* to submit; to agree; to accept; to obey; to be convinced
    不服 ― bùfú ― to refuse to accept
* Used to express defeat even though one is not convinced of the opposing arguments
    服了你了。 ― Fú le nǐ le. ― You win.
       ngo$^5$ zan$^1$ hai$^6$ fuk$^6$ zo$^2$ nei$^5$. [Jyutping]
       Come on, I surrender.
* to convince; to persuade
* to be accustomed to
* (gaming) Short for 伺服器 (sìfúqì); server
* (historical) inner pair of horses among the four that pull an imperial carriage
* Classifier for doses for TCM regimens.
* a surname, Fu

#### Synonyms

* (to obey):
* 依從 / 依从 (yīcóng)
* 就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 服從 / 服从 (fúcóng)
* 歸附 / 归附 (guīfù)
* 聽從 / 听从 (tīngcóng)
* 聽話 / 听话 (tīnghuà)
* 訓 / 训 (xùn) (literary)
* 賓服 / 宾服 (bīnfú) (literary)
* 隨 / 随 (suí)
* 順 / 顺 (shùn)
* 順從 / 顺从 (shùncóng)
* 順趁 / 顺趁 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)

### Compounds

* 上服
* 下服
* 上線服務 / 上线服务
* 不服 (bùfú)
* 不服氣 / 不服气
* 不服水土 (bùfúshuǐtǔ)
* 不服燒埋 / 不服烧埋
* 不服老
* 不服輸 / 不服输
* 不舒服 (bùshūfu)
* 中服
* 九服
* 亂頭粗服 / 乱头粗服
* 五服 (wǔfú)
* 以力服人
* 以德服人 (yǐdéfúrén)
* 以理服人 (yǐlǐfúrén)
* 伯服
* 佩服 (pèifú)
* 信服 (xìnfú)
* 侯服
* 便服 (biànfú)
* 侯服玉食
* 偉服 / 伟服
* 元服 (yuánfú)
* 克服 (kèfú)
* 內服 / 内服 (nèifú)
* 內服藥 / 内服药
* 公服 (gōngfú)
* 冕服
* 冠服 (guānfú)
* 凶服
* 初服
* 制服 (zhìfú)
* 制服警察
* 功服
* 勞動服務 / 劳动服务
* 卉服
* 協服 / 协服
* 南服
* 厭服 / 厌服
* 反初服
* 反服
* 口服 (kǒufú)
* 口服疫苗
* 叫醒服務 / 叫醒服务
* 吃不服 (chībufú)
* 吉服
* 吞服
* 和服 (héfú)
* 命服
* 品服
* 售後服務 / 售后服务 (shòuhòu fúwù)
* 喪服 / 丧服 (sāngfú)
* 喜服
* 嗣服
* 嘆服 / 叹服 (tànfú)
* 壓服 / 压服 (yāfú)
* 夏服
* 外出服
* 大學服 / 大学服
* 大禮服 / 大礼服
* 夷服
* 奇裝異服 / 奇装异服 (qízhuāngyìfú)
* 威服
* 孝服 (xiàofú)
* 學士服 / 学士服
* 官服
* 就業服務 / 就业服务
* 屈服 (qūfú)
* 工作服 (gōngzuòfú)
* 工業服務 / 工业服务
* 巾服
* 布草衣服
* 帖服
* 常服 (chángfú)
* 常禮服 / 常礼服
* 平服
* 弓調馬服 / 弓调马服
* 引服
* 征服 (zhēngfú)
* 征服者 (zhēngfúzhě)
* 微服 (wēifú)
* 微服私行
* 心悅誠服 / 心悦诚服 (xīnyuèchéngfú)
* 心服 (xīnfú)
* 心服口服 (xīnfúkǒufú)
* 心服情願 / 心服情愿
* 悅服 / 悦服 (yuèfú)
* 感服
* 愧服
* 憚服 / 惮服
* 懷服 / 怀服
* 懾服 / 慑服 (shèfú)
* 成服 (chéngfú)
* 戎服
* 成除服
* 扶服 (púfú)
* 折服 (zhéfú)
* 拜服 (bàifú)
* 拳拳服膺
* 持服
* 拱服
* 推服
* 撥接服務 / 拨接服务
* 擒服
* 收服 (shōufú)
* 改服
* 敬服 (jìngfú)
* 方巾闊服 / 方巾阔服
* 春服 (chūnfú)
* 晚禮服 / 晚礼服 (wǎnlǐfú)
* 有服
* 有服之親 / 有服之亲
* 服中
* 服事 (fúshì)
* 服低做小
* 服低捋
* 服侍
* 服內生子 / 服内生子
* 服兵役
* 服具
* 服冕乘軒 / 服冕乘轩
* 服刑 (fúxíng)
* 服制
* 服務 / 服务 (fúwù)
* 服務員 / 服务员 (fúwùyuán)
* 服務業 / 服务业 (fúwùyè)
* 服務生 / 服务生 (fúwùshēng)
* 服務社 / 服务社 (fúwùshè)
* 服務站 / 服务站 (fúwùzhàn)
* 服務臺 / 服务台 (fúwùtái)
* 服務處 / 服务处 (fúwùchù)
* 服務規程 / 服务规程
* 服務證 / 服务证
* 服務連鎖 / 服务连锁
* 服勤
* 服匿
* 服喪 / 服丧 (fúsāng)
* 服善
* 服妖 (fúyāo)
* 服孝
* 服官
* 服帖 (fútiē)
* 服式
* 服役 (fúyì)
* 服從 / 服从 (fúcóng)
* 服御
* 服服貼貼 / 服服贴贴 (fúfutiētiē)
* 服毒 (fúdú)
* 服氣 / 服气 (fúqì)
* 服氣吞露 / 服气吞露
* 服氣餐霞 / 服气餐霞
* 服水土
* 服法
* 服滿 / 服满 (fúmǎn)
* 服物
* 服用 (fúyòng)
* 服田
* 服硬
* 服秩
* 服罪 (fúzuì)
* 服義 / 服义
* 服習 / 服习
* 服翼
* 服膺 (fúyīng)
* 服舍
* 服色
* 服藥 / 服药 (fúyào)
* 服裝 / 服装 (fúzhuāng)
* 服裝設計 / 服装设计
* 服貼 / 服贴 (fútiē)
* 服賈 / 服贾
* 服軟 / 服软 (fúruǎn)
* 服輸 / 服输 (fúshū)
* 服輿 / 服舆
* 服辯 / 服辩
* 服闋 / 服阕
* 服降
* 服除
* 服露餐霞
* 服章
* 服食 (fúshí)
* 服飾 / 服饰 (fúshì)
* 服餌 / 服饵
* 服馬 / 服马
* 服馭 / 服驭
* 朝服 (cháofú)
* 期服
* 校服 (xiàofú)
* 楚服
* 款服
* 欽服 / 钦服
* 歎服 / 叹服 (tànfú)
* 歸服 / 归服 (guīfú)
* 水土不服 (shuǐtǔbùfú)
* 沖服 / 冲服 (chōngfú)
* 沖服劑 / 冲服剂
* 法服
* 洋服 (yángfú)
* 淡妝素服 / 淡妆素服
* 滿服 / 满服
* 漢服 / 汉服 (hànfú)
* 濃妝豔服 / 浓妆艳服
* 無服之喪 / 无服之丧
* 無服之殤 / 无服之殇
* 燕尾服 (yànwěifú)
* 燕服
* 爵服
* 玄服
* 甘服
* 畏服 (wèifú)
* 異服 / 异服
* 白服
* 白龍微服 / 白龙微服
* 白龍魚服 / 白龙鱼服
* 盛服 (shèngfú)
* 社區服務 / 社区服务 (shèqū fúwù)
* 社會服務 / 社会服务 (shèhuì fúwù)
* 祭服
* 禮服 / 礼服 (lǐfú)
* 私服
* 空服員 / 空服员 (kōngfúyuán)
* 粗服亂頭 / 粗服乱头
* 素服 (sùfú)
* 組合服裝 / 组合服装
* 絕不屈服 / 绝不屈服
* 綏服 / 绥服
* 緇服 / 缁服
* 緦麻服 / 缌麻服
* 胡服 (húfú)
* 臣服 (chénfú)
* 舒服
* 艾服
* 荒服 (huāngfú)
* 萁服
* 蒲服 (púfú)
* 藩服
* 衣服
* 袍服
* 袞服 / 衮服
* 被服 (bèifú)
* 補服 / 补服
* 褻服 / 亵服 (xièfú)
* 西服 (xīfú)
* 要服
* 說服 / 说服
* 說服力 / 说服力
* 調服 / 调服
* 讋服 / 詟服
* 象服
* 負固不服 / 负固不服
* 買服 / 买服
* 買服錢 / 买服钱
* 賓服 / 宾服
* 起服
* 車服 / 车服
* 軍服 / 军服 (jūnfú)
* 輸服甘結 / 输服甘结
* 輿服 / 舆服
* 野服
* 降服
* 除服 (chúfú)
* 震服
* 鞬服
* 章服 (zhāngfú)
* 順服 / 顺服 (shùnfú)
* 首服 (shǒufú)
* 馬后練服 / 马后练服
* 馴服 / 驯服 (xùnfú)
* 驚服 / 惊服
* 驥服鹽車 / 骥服盐车
* 魚服 / 鱼服
* 鶉服 / 鹑服
* 麤服亂頭 / 粗服乱头

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 服(ふく) (fuku)
* → Korean: 복(服) (bok)
* → Vietnamese: phục (服)

### References

* “服”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 服 |
| Kyūjitai | 服󠄁 服+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 服󠄃 服+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* clothing
* an amount equal to one swallow (act of swallowing), a gulp
* obey

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 服 (MC bjuwk); compare Mandarin 服 (fú, fù):
* Go-on: ぶく (buku)
* Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 服 (fù):
* Go-on: ぶ (bu)
* Kan-on: ふう (fū)
* Kan’yō-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: まつらう (matsurau, 服う)、まつろう (matsurou, 服う)
* Nanori: こと (koto)、はつ (hatsu)、はとり (hatori)、はら (hara)、もと (moto)、ゆき (yuki)、よ (yo)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 服
* ふく Grade: 3
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟]

### Counter

服(ふく) • (-fuku)
* an amount equal to one swallow:
** doses of medicine
** gulps of tea
** puffs of tobacco

### Noun

服(ふく) • (fuku)
* clothes
    Synonym: 衣類 (irui)

#### Derived terms

* 服(ふく)装(そう) (fukusō): clothing, how one is dressed, one's costume
* 衣(い)服(ふく) (ifuku): clothes, apparel, garments
* 漢服(かんふく) (kanfuku)
* 韓服(かんふく) (kanfuku)
* セーラー服(ふく) (sērāfuku): sailor fuku
* 喪服(もふく) (mofuku)
* 紋服(もんぷく) (monpuku)
* 洋服(ようふく) (yōfuku)
* 礼服(れいふく) (reifuku)
* 和服(わふく) (wafuku)

### Suffix

服(ふく) • (-fuku)
* clothes

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1090 (paper), page 596 (digital)
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

服 (eumhun 옷 복 (ot bok))
* hanja form of 복 (“clothes, clothing”)

#### Compounds

* 한복 (韓服, hanbok, “hanbok”)
* 제복 (制服, jebok, “uniform”)
* 양복 (洋服, yangbok, “suit”)
* 수영복 (水泳服, suyeongbok, “swimsuit”)
* 운동복 (運動服, undongbok, “sportswear”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

服: Hán Nôm readings: phục
* (only in compounds) clothing, clothes
* to submit, to serve, to obey
* to admire, to esteem

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).