# sumo
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 相(す)撲(もう) (sumō).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: so͞o'mō, IPA: /ˈsuːməʊ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːməʊ

### Noun

sumo (countable and uncountable, plural sumo or sumos)
* (uncountable) A stylised Japanese form of wrestling in which a wrestler loses if he is forced from the ring, or if any part of his body except the soles of his feet touches the ground.
* (countable, colloquial) A rikishi (sumo wrestler)

#### Derived terms

* kanjin-sumo
* sumo deadlift
* sumo squat

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* MOUs, MoUs, Mous, muso, soum

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈsu.mu]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsu.mo]

### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumar

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: su‧mo

### Adjective

sumo
* monotonous; tedious, repetitious or lacking in variety
* slow-burning

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sumo (accusative singular sumon, plural sumoj, accusative plural sumojn)
* sum

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese. Compare English sumo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsumo/, [ˈs̠umo̞]
* Rhymes: -umo
* Hyphenation: su‧mo

### Noun

sumo
* (sports) sumo (wrestling style of Japanese origin)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of sumo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumoni
sumoni
accusative
nom.
sumoni
sumoni
gen.
sumoni
genitive
sumoni
sumojeni
partitive
sumoani
sumojani
inessive
sumossani
sumoissani
elative
sumostani
sumoistani
illative
sumooni
sumoihini
adessive
sumollani
sumoillani
ablative
sumoltani
sumoiltani
allative
sumolleni
sumoilleni
essive
sumonani
sumoinani
translative
sumokseni
sumoikseni
abessive
sumottani
sumoittani
instructive
comitative
—sumoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumosi
sumosi
accusative
nom.
sumosi
sumosi
gen.
sumosi
genitive
sumosi
sumojesi
partitive
sumoasi
sumojasi
inessive
sumossasi
sumoissasi
elative
sumostasi
sumoistasi
illative
sumoosi
sumoihisi
adessive
sumollasi
sumoillasi
ablative
sumoltasi
sumoiltasi
allative
sumollesi
sumoillesi
essive
sumonasi
sumoinasi
translative
sumoksesi
sumoiksesi
abessive
sumottasi
sumoittasi
instructive
comitative
—sumoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumomme
sumomme
accusative
nom.
sumomme
sumomme
gen.
sumomme
genitive
sumomme
sumojemme
partitive
sumoamme
sumojamme
inessive
sumossamme
sumoissamme
elative
sumostamme
sumoistamme
illative
sumoomme
sumoihimme
adessive
sumollamme
sumoillamme
ablative
sumoltamme
sumoiltamme
allative
sumollemme
sumoillemme
essive
sumonamme
sumoinamme
translative
sumoksemme
sumoiksemme
abessive
sumottamme
sumoittamme
instructive
comitative
—sumoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumonne
sumonne
accusative
nom.
sumonne
sumonne
gen.
sumonne
genitive
sumonne
sumojenne
partitive
sumoanne
sumojanne
inessive
sumossanne
sumoissanne
elative
sumostanne
sumoistanne
illative
sumoonne
sumoihinne
adessive
sumollanne
sumoillanne
ablative
sumoltanne
sumoiltanne
allative
sumollenne
sumoillenne
essive
sumonanne
sumoinanne
translative
sumoksenne
sumoiksenne
abessive
sumottanne
sumoittanne
instructive
comitative
—sumoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumonsa
sumonsa
accusative
nom.
sumonsa
sumonsa
gen.
sumonsa
genitive
sumonsa
sumojensa
partitive
sumoaan sumoansa
sumojaan sumojansa
inessive
sumossaan sumossansa
sumoissaan sumoissansa
elative
sumostaan sumostansa
sumoistaan sumoistansa
illative
sumoonsa
sumoihinsa
adessive
sumollaan sumollansa
sumoillaan sumoillansa
ablative
sumoltaan sumoltansa
sumoiltaan sumoiltansa
allative
sumolleen sumollensa
sumoilleen sumoillensa
essive
sumonaan sumonansa
sumoinaan sumoinansa
translative
sumokseen sumoksensa
sumoikseen sumoiksensa
abessive
sumottaan sumottansa
sumoittaan sumoittansa
instructive
comitative
—sumoineen sumoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* sumopaini
* sumopainija

### Further reading

* “sumo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sy.mo/, /su.mo/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sumo m (plural sumos)
* sumo
* sumotori

## Galician
### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumir

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (すもう, sumō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.mo/
* Hyphenation: su‧mo

### Verb

sumo
* (sports) sumo (Japanese traditional wrestling).

#### Derived terms

* pesumo (a sumo wrestler)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.mo/
* Rhymes: -umo
* Hyphenation: sù‧mo

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō).

#### Noun

sumo m (invariable)
* sumo (Japanese wrestling)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumere

### Anagrams

* muso, musò

## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish çumo, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic زُوم (zūm, “juice, sap”), from Ancient Greek ζωμός (zōmós).

#### Noun

sumo m (Hebrew spelling סומו)
* juice (liquid from a plant)
** 2003, “Sefárdica”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 71:Otras biviendas eran los shurbetes (¹²) (şerbet en turko) de agua i sumo de fruta, i sovre todo de vijna, i la subiá (sübiye en turko) (o pipitada en djudeo‐espanyol), echa del sumo de las pipitas de melón sekadas i molidas, i metidas en mojo en agua en un panyo.Other beverages were sherbet (şerbet in Turkish) from water, fruit juice, and above all from cherries, and melon seed juice (sübye in Turkish, or pipitada in Judezmo), made from the juice of dried and ground melon kernels, and dipped in fabric in water.

##### Alternative forms

* zumo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumar
* third-person singular preterite indicative of sumar

#### References

* ↑ “sumo”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Latin
### Etymology

From *susmō from *subs(e)mō, from sub- +‎ emō (“to buy, take”), with excrescent p in sūmpsī and sūmptum.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsuː.moː/, [ˈs̠uːmoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsu.mo/, [ˈsuːmo]

### Verb

sūmō (present infinitive sūmere, perfect active sūmpsī, supine sūmptum); third conjugation
* to take, take up, catch, assume, seize, claim, arrogate
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.537–538:parva mora est, caelum vātēs ac nūmina sūmit fitque suī tōtō pectore plēna deīThere is a brief pause; the prophetess assumes the divine powers of heaven, and in all her soul she is made full of her deity. (The prophetess is Carmenta.)
* to undertake, begin, enter upon
* to exact satisfaction, inflict punishment
* to choose, select
* to obtain, acquire, receive, get, take
* to use, apply, employ, spend, consume
* to adopt; borrow
* to buy, purchase
    Synonyms: coëmō, comparo, emo
    Antonyms: addico, dēferō, vendo
* to accept, presuppose, establish as a principle
* to fascinate, charm
* to put on
    Synonyms: indūcō, induō, saepiō, vēlō
    Antonyms: exuō, nūdō, spoliō
* to take heart

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

#### Synonyms

* (seize): apprehendō, comprehendō, dēprehendō, prehendō, prehēnsō, teneō, capiō, arripiō
* (acquire): acquīrō, adipīscor, cōnsequor, parō, pariō, lucror, impetrō, mereō, teneō, emō, comparō, apīscor, obtineō, conciliō, nancīscor, potior, inveniō, colligō, alliciō
* (begin): incohō, exōrdior, occipiō, incipiō, coepiō, ōrdior, initiō, ineō, ingredior, aggredior, committō, exorior, moveō, mōlior
* (accept): accipio, recipio, ascīscō, concipio
* (select): dēsūmō, dēligō, ēligō, adoptō, optō, sēpōnō legō, dēstinō, capiō, creō
* (assume): adhibeō, assūmō, adoptō, suscipiō, induō, accipiō, indūcō, ineō, aggredior
* (undertake): ineo, obeo
* (use): utor, adhibeō, occupō, ūsūrpō, vēscor
* (consume): abutor, accido

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “begin”): subsistō, dēsistō, cessō, remittō
* (antonym(s) of “acquire”): āmittō

#### Derived terms

* absūmō
* adsūmō
* assūmō
* cōnsūmō
* dēsūmō
* īnsūmō
* praesūmō
* resūmō
* subsūmō
* sūmptiō
* sūmptitō
* sūmptus
* trānsūmō

#### Descendants

* Borrowed:
** → Catalan: sumir
** → Italian: sumere
* Inherited: (all meaning 'submerge' or similar)
** Old Galician-Portuguese: somir, sumir
*** Galician: sumir
*** Portuguese: sumir
** Old Spanish: somir, sumir
*** Spanish: sumir

### References

* ↑ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 231
* “sumo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sumo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* sumo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* sumo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere to take something into one's hands: in manus(m) sumere aliquid to take poison: venenum sumere, bibere to commence a thing: initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei) to choose one from a large number of instances: ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere) to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re to assume a thing: sumere (opp. reicere) aliquid to take up a book in one's hands: librum in manus sumere to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33) to take upon oneself: sibi sumere aliquid (Planc. 1. 3) to assume the toga virilis: togam virilem (puram) sumere to take food: cibum sumere, capere to borrow money from some one: pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere to exact a penalty from some one: supplicium sumere de aliquo to execute the death-sentence on a person: supplicium sumere de aliquo to take up one's arms: arma capere, sumere
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 相撲 (sumō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.mɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -umɔ
* Syllabification: su‧mo

### Noun

sumo n (indeclinable)
* sumo

#### Derived terms

* sumita

### Further reading

* sumo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sumo in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsũ.mu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsũ.mu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.mo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsu.mu/
* Rhymes: -umu
* Hyphenation: su‧mo

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summus.

#### Adjective

sumo (feminine suma, masculine plural sumos, feminine plural sumas)
* highest, greatest

##### Derived terms

* sumamente

#### Noun

sumo m (plural sumos)
* summit, top
    Synonyms: cume, cimo

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese çumo, from Arabic زُوم (zūm, “juice, sap”), from Ancient Greek ζωμός (zōmós). Cognate of Galician zume and Spanish zumo.

#### Noun

sumo m (plural sumos)
* (Portugal) juice
    Synonym: (Brasil) suco

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō, “to mutually rush at”).

#### Alternative forms

* sumô (Brazil)

#### Noun

sumo m (uncountable) (European Portuguese spelling)
* (martial arts) sumo

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumir

### Further reading

* “sumo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsumo/ [ˈsu.mo]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -umo
* Syllabification: su‧mo
* Homophone: (Latin America) zumo

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summus. Compare the inherited Old Spanish somo, cf. also Spanish somero.

#### Adjective

sumo (feminine suma, masculine plural sumos, feminine plural sumas)
* highest, greatest, superlative
    Caifás era sumo sacerdote.Caiaphas was the high priest.
* utmost
    Synonym: máximo

##### Derived terms

* a lo sumo
* suma sacerdotisa
* sumamente
* sumo sacerdote

##### Related terms

* somero
* suma
* sumidad

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumar

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

sumo
* first-person singular present indicative of sumir

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō, “to mutually rush at”).

#### Noun

sumo m (uncountable)
* (martial arts) sumo
    Hypernym: deporte de combate

### Further reading

* “sumo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10