# негр
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian негр (negr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neɡɾ/
* Rhymes: -eɡɾ
* Hyphenation: негр

### Noun

негр • (ńegr)
* black, black person, Negro
* (figuratively) hack
* (set phrase) slave

#### Declension
### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “негр”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* негръ (negr) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʲeɡr]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French nègre. Ultimately from Latin niger.

#### Noun

негр • (negr) m anim (genitive не́гра, nominative plural не́гры, genitive plural не́гров, feminine негритя́нка, relational adjective негритя́нский)
* black (man); negro
* (colloquial, offensive, rare) someone who works for peanuts or for nothing, a slave
* (colloquial) ghost writer (usually in the idiom литерату́рный негр (literatúrnyj negr))

##### Usage notes

* негр (negr) and негритя́нка (negritjánka) are loanwords from French, not from English, and descend from the same Latin root meaning "black." Within Russia, these words are generally non-offensive and are not considered slurs, and refer to any person with black skin. Certain western-influenced Russians with knowledge of English may avoid these words purely to avoid any misunderstanding with an English-speaking audience; however, within Russia itself, the words are not considered derogatory.

##### Synonyms

* ара́п (aráp), мавр (mavr) (dated)
* африка́нец (afrikánec)
* а́фро-америка́нец (áfro-amerikánec, literally “African American”) (neologism, not commonly used)
* негро́ид (negróid)
* черножо́пый (černožópyj) (vulgar, derogatory, offensive)
* черноко́жий (černokóžij)
* чернома́зый (černomázyj) (vulgar, derogatory, offensive)
* чёрный (čórnyj, literally “black”) (can be offensive, although it's more commonly used to describe the natives of Caucasus)

##### Derived terms

* негритя́нка (negritjánka, “black woman”)
* негритёнок (negritjónok, “little black boy”)
* негритя́нский (negritjánskij, adjective)
* негрито́с (negritós), негрито́ска (negritóska, noun) (offensive)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: նեգր (negr)
* → Eastern Mari: негр (ńegr)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

негр • (negr) m anim (genitive не́гра, nominative plural не́гры, genitive plural не́гров)
* (colloquial) abbreviation of неграждани́н (negraždanín): non-citizen (used primarily in Latvia and Estonia)
    Тем не ме́нее, есть нема́ло «не́гров», кото́рые принципиа́льно не хотя́т получа́ть гражда́нство Ла́твии.Tem ne méneje, jestʹ nemálo «négrov», kotóryje principiálʹno ne xotját polučátʹ graždánstvo Látvii.Nevertheless, there are many non-citizens who don't want to acquire Latvian citizenship on principle.

##### Declension
### References

* Vasmer, Max (1955) “негр”, in Russisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 2) (in German), volumes 2 (L – Ssuda), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, →ISBN, page 208
* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “негр”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “негр”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 566
* Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “негр”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
* Krylov, G. A. (2004) “негр”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN
* Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “негр”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 256
* Semjonov, A. V. (2003) “негр”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (Русский язык от А до Я) (in Russian), Moscow: Junves, →ISBN
* Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “негр”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 5

### Further reading

* “негръ”, in Словарь Церковно-Славянскаго и Русскаго языка (in Russian), 2 edition, volume 2, Saint Petersburg: Academy of Sciences Printing House, 1867, page 902
* Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “негр”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.