# 侗

| 侗 | U+4F97, &#20375; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F97 |
| ← 侖 [U+4F96] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 侘 → [U+4F98] |

## Translingual
### Han character

侗 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人月一口 (OBMR), four-corner 2722$_0$, composition ⿰亻同)

#### Derived characters

* 𠍟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 601
* Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 148, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4F97

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 侗
* Small seal scripts05704
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ)

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$ / tung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$ / tung$^2$
*** Yale: tùhng / túng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$ / tung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$ / tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/, /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: duwng
Rime :
| Character | 侗 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | duwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 侗 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 12454 |
| Phonetic component | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

侗
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 僮 (tóng, “boy; young child”); someone childish or ignorant
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zài hòu zhī tóng, jìngyà tiānwēi, sìshǒu Wén, Wǔ dàxùn, wú gǎn hūnyú. [Pinyin]
    After them, I, the stupid one, received with reverence the dread (decree) of Heaven, and continued to keep the great instructions of Wen and Wu, not daring blindly to transgress them.
* (literary) childish; unenlightened; ignorant
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Kuáng ér bù zhí, tóng ér bù yuàn, kōngkōng ér bù xìn, wú bù zhī zhī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "Ardent and yet not upright, stupid and yet not attentive; simple and yet not sincere - such persons I do not understand."
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Tónghū qí wúshí, tǎng hū qí dàiyí. [Pinyin]
    I was as a child who has no knowledge; I was extraordinarily slow and hesitating.
    From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version
    Tiān jiàng shēng mín, kōngtóng zhuānméng, zì hū qíngxìng, cōngmíng bù kāi. [Pinyin]
    When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) frivolous; flippant

#### Compounds

* 倥侗 (kōngtóng)
* 儱侗 / 𫢒侗
* 空侗
* 籠侗 / 笼侗

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǒng, tōng (tong$^3$, tong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ, ㄊㄨㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǒng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^3$
*** Yale: tǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toong
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tong
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: thuwng, thuwngX
Rime :
| Character | 侗 | 侗 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 他紅切 | 他孔切 |
| Baxter | thuwng | thuwngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəwŋ/ | /tʰəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tōng | tǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^1$ | tung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːŋ/, /*tʰoːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 侗 | 侗 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| No. | 12442 | 12445 |
| Phonetic component | 同 | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 通 | 侗 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰoːŋ/ | /*tʰoːŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

侗 (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)
* big; long and big
* straight; (by extension) unobstructed
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Néng shě zhū rén ér qiú zhū jǐ hū? Néng xiāorán hū? Néng tǒngrán hū? Néng érzǐ hū? [Pinyin]
    Can you give over thinking of other men, and seek what you want in yourself (alone)? Can you flee (from the allurements of desire)? Can you maintain an entire simplicity? Can you become a little child?

#### Compounds

* 侗侗
* 侗長 / 侗长

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòng (dong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^4$
*** Yale: dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
*** Palladius: дун (dun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^6$
*** Yale: duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ²²/

#### Definitions

侗
* (historical dictionaries only) sincere; honest (Jiyun)
* Dong (an ethnic group in southern China)

#### Compounds

* 侗劇 / 侗剧
* 侗家
* 侗戲 / 侗戏
* 侗族 (Dòngzú)
* 侗語 / 侗语 (dòngyǔ)

### References

* “侗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “侗”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00060

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: つ (tsu)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: おろか (oroka, 侗か)、いたむ (itamu, 侗む)、かたち (katachi)、なほい (nahoi)、まこと (makoto)、つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 侗む)

## Korean
### Hanja

侗 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.