# som
## Translingual
### Symbol

som
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Somali.

## English
### Etymology 1

From Kyrgyz сом (som) and Uzbek сўм (soʻm) (Cyrillic) / soʻm (Roman), both of which come from the Turkic root *som ("pure [gold]").

#### Alternative forms

* sum, soum

#### Noun

som (plural soms)
* The currency of Uzbekistan.
* The currency of Kyrgyzstan.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

som
* Obsolete spelling of some.
** (Can we date this quote?), Kimberly Kubus (K.Okkerstrøm), Airport Manager:U cared to try som of my snax

#### Determiner

som
* Obsolete spelling of some.

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

som (plural soms)
* Alternative form of somm (“sommelier”)
** 2013, Jay McInerney, The Juice: Vinous Veritas, page 19:The som who first introduced me to it leaned in close and whispered the news, as if he were offering me something illegal.

### See also

* som tam / som tum

### Anagrams

* MOS, MOs, OMS, OMs, SMO, mos, mos', oms, osm

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsom]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin summus.

#### Adjective

som (feminine soma, masculine plural soms, feminine plural somes)
* shallow

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

som
* first-person plural present indicative of ser
* first-person plural present indicative of ésser

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsom]

### Noun

som m anim
* archaic form of sumec

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse som, sem (“as, like”), cognate with Norwegian som, Swedish som. Probably a weakened form of Proto-Germanic *samą, *samô (“same, in the same way”), compare Old High German sama, samo, sam (“so, likewise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔm/, [sʌm]

### Conjunction

som
* as, like (introduces comparisons, both noun phrases and dependent clauses)
    Synonym: ligesom
    fuld som en allike
       drunk as a jackdaw
* as (introduces a noun phrase that is an adjunct, or non-obligatory argument)
** 1991, Benny Andersen, Chagall & skorpiondans‎:Han var som kunstner højst original, men solgte aldrig et billede.He was most original as an artist, but he never sold a single painting.
    Synonyms: i egenskab af, qua, værende
* such as (introduces an example)
    Synonyms: for eksempel, såsom
    pattedyr som hunde og katte
       mammals such as dogs and cats
* as (introduces a temporal adverbial clause)
** 1987, Thøger Birkeland, Jomfrubanden‎:...han tager pigens hånd, netop som hun vender sig for at gå tilbage til bordet....he takes the hand of the girl just as she turns around in order to go back to the table.
    Synonyms: da, idet
* as, because (introduces a causal adverbial clause)
** 1849, Søren Kierkegaard, Enten-Eller‎, p. vol. 2, p. 228 /:Min Kone holder da af Dig, og jeg sympathiserer med hendes Følelse i denne henseende, saa meget mere som jeg troer, at grunden til hendes Velvillie for Dig for en Deel ligger deri, at hun seer Dine Svagheder.My wife likes you, and I sympathize with her feeling in this respect, the more so as I think that the reason for her good will towards you is partly based on the fact that she sees your weaknesses.
    Synonyms: da, eftersom
* how (introduces an exclamative independent clause)
** 1987, Jørgen Sonne, Nul:Som vi da grinede!How we laughed!
    Synonym: hvor

### Pronoun

som
* (relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses)
    Synonyms: der, hvilken

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch somme, borrowed from Old French somme, from Latin summa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: som
* Rhymes: -ɔm

### Noun

som f (plural sommen, diminutive sommetje n)
* sum
* (mathematics) problem
    Ik moet dertig sommen maken voor de wiskundeles van morgen. ― I have to solve thirty problems for tomorrow's maths class.

#### Derived terms

* borgsom
* optelsom

#### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: sòm, som

### References

* van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “som1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Anagrams

* mos

## Galician
### Verb

som
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural present indicative of ser

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From a Turkic language, compare Turkmen çüm (“cornel”), Kumyk чум (çum, “berry”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃom]
* Hyphenation: som
* Rhymes: -om

### Noun

som (plural somok)
* cornel

#### Declension
### Further reading

* som in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

### Anagrams

* mos

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch zoom (“hem; edge, border”), from Middle Dutch sôom, from Old Dutch *sōm, from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz (“that which is sewn”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɔm]
* Hyphenation: som
* Rhymes: -sɔm, -ɔm, -m

### Noun

som (uncountable)
* (sewing, colloquial) seam (folded back and stitched piece of fabric)
    Synonyms: kelim, pelipit

#### Derived terms

* mengesom

### Further reading

* “som” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔm/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sòmъ; cognate with Russian сом (som), Old Polish som, Old Czech som, Polabian såm.

#### Noun

som m anim
* catfish (fish of the order Siluriformes)

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “som”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “som”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *esmь.

#### Verb

som
* first-person singular present of byś

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch sum, from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /som/

### Determiner

som
* some

#### Descendants

* Dutch: som, saom (dialectal)
* Limburgish: zóm

### Further reading

* “som”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “som (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* somme, summe
* zome (Kent)

### Etymology

From Old English sum, from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sum/

### Pronoun

som
* some

### Adjective

som
* some

#### Descendants

* English: some
* Scots: sum, some
* Yola: zim, zum

#### References

* “sǒm, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* “sǒm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔm/

### Conjunction

som
* as; similar to, in the same way that

#### Derived terms

* ettersom

### Pronoun

som
* (reflexive pronoun) who, which

### Preposition

som
* as; to the same extent or degree that

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse sem.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔmː/

#### Conjunction

som
* as
    Han jobbar som kelner.He is working as a waiter.

##### Derived terms

* ettersom

#### Pronoun

som
* (reflexive pronoun) who, which, that
    Dette er bilen som eg kjøpte.This is the car that I bought.
    Det var den mannen som kom.That was the man who came.

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sumr. Akin to English some.

#### Alternative forms

* sum (now nonstandard)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʊmː/

#### Pronoun

som m (feminine som, neuter somt, plural somme)
* some
    Somt av det er nytt, resten er gamalt.Some of it is new, the rest is old.

### References

* “som” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sōmu, from Proto-Germanic *sōmō. Related to Old Norse sǿmr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /soːm/

### Noun

sōm f
* agreement, concord
** 11th century, Institutes of Polity:Hē sċeal bēon symle ymbe sōme and ymbe sibbehe shall ever be engaged in promoting concord and peace
* reconciliation, a setting aside of differences
** 11th century, Institutes of Polity:Bisċeopum ġebȳraþ, gyf ǣniġ ōðrum ābelge, ðæt man geþyldiġe ōð gefērena sōmeIt behoves bishops, if any should anger others, that they be patient until the reconciliation of the companions
* an meeting for agreement, arrangement of dispute
** early 10th century, Letter to King Edward explaining the history of land at Fonthill‎:Ðā ðūhte ūs eallan ðe æt ðǣre sōme wǣran,Then it seemed to all of us that were at the agreement,

#### Usage notes

Often found in collocation with sibb (“peace”).

#### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

#### Related terms

* sēman
* ġesēman

#### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sóm”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese son (probably influenced by or possibly borrowed from Old Occitan son), from Latin sonus. Alternatively, regressively derived from the verb soar. Compare Galician and Spanish son.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsõ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsõ/, (dialectal) /ˈsɐ̃w̃/
* Rhymes: -õ
* Homophone: são (Portugal, dialectal)
* Hyphenation: som

### Noun

som m (plural sons)
* sound (sensation perceived by the ear)
** 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:No confuso rumor que se formava, destacavam-se risos, sons de vozes que altercavam, sem se saber de onde, grasnar de marrecos, cantar de galos, cacarejar de galinhas.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (informal) music (melodic and rhythmic sounds made as art)
    Synonym: música
* (informal) an audio device, such as a stereo
    Synonym: equipamento de som

#### Derived terms

* barreira do som
* sonzeira
* sonzinho (diminutive)
* sonzão (augmentative)

#### Related terms

* soante
* soar
* sonante
* sónico
* sonoridade
* sonoro

### See also

* barulho
* ruído

## Romanian
### Noun

som m (plural somi)
* Obsolete form of sumă.

#### Declension
### References

* som in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sôm/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

#### Noun

sȍm m (Cyrillic spelling со̏м)
* catfish

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

The origins of this term are unclear. Possibly because som (catfish) is a big fish. Others believe it is due to the 1000 dinar banknotes of 1955, on which the person depicted appears to have two fish eyes (instead of welding goggles) on his head.

#### Noun

sȍm m (Cyrillic spelling со̏м)
* (colloquial) grand (a thousand of something, especially but not only money)
    dva soma ― two grand

## Slovak
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *esmь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɔm/

### Verb

som
* first-person singular present of byť

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* (Obsolete typography) ſom

### Etymology

From Old Swedish som or sum, in Runic inscriptions also sim, same as Icelandic sem, from Old Norse sem, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”), also related to the prefix sam- (“co-, common, together”) and suffix -sam (“-some, -like”). Still in the Poetic Edda, the Icelandic sem is only used as a comparative particle, e.g. Hávamál 23 allt er víl sem var (And his woe is just as it was). With time it has displaced other relative conjunctions (es, er). Its use as a pronoun is of a later date.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔm/
* Audio:(file)

### Conjunction

som
* as, like; similar to
    Flitig som ett bi.Busy as a bee.
    Hon lät som en häst.She sounded like a horse.
* as; in the same way that
    Som du önskar.As you wish.

#### Derived terms

* lugn som en filbunke
* som man bäddar får man ligga

### Pronoun

som
* (relative) who, which, that
    Det var hon som gjorde det.She is the one who did it.
    Det där är stenen som kraschade rutan.That’s the stone that broke the window.
* as; to the same extent or degree that
    Du är inte lika lång som jag är.You are not as tall as I am.
    Du är inte lika lång som jag.You are not as tall as me.

### References

* som in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* Mos., mos

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [som]

### Verb

som
* (stative) to be murky, turbid

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *som (“pure, solid”).

### Adjective

som
* solid
    Synonym: katı
* pure
    Synonyms: salt, arı, katkısız, katışıksız
* fine

### Derived terms

* somut

### Alternative forms

* somon

### Etymology

From French saumon.

### Noun

som (definite accusative somu, plural somlar)
* salmon

#### Declension
## Zou
### Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *soom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /som˧˩/

### Numeral

sòm
* ten

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 48