# 怖

| 怖 | U+6016, &#24598; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6016 |
| ← 怕 [U+6015] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 怗 → [U+6017] |

## Translingual
### Han character

怖 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心大中月 (PKLB), four-corner 9402$_7$, composition ⿰忄布)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 380, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10450
* Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2284, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6016

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 抪 | *paː, *paːs |
| 布 | *paːs |
| 佈 | *paːs |
| 怖 | *pʰaːs |
| 斧 | *paʔ |
| 父 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 蚥 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 滏 | *baʔ |
| 釜 | *baʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰaːs): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 布 (OC *paːs). It conveys the meaning of "to fear" or "to be afraid."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bù (bu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pu
* Northern Min (KCR): bu̿
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bù
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bù
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$
*** Yale: bù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buh
*** Palladius: бу (bu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^3$
*** Yale: bou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pu
*** Hakka Romanization System: bu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pu⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bu̿
*** Sinological IPA : /pu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò͘
*** Tâi-lô: pòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: phuH, phjot
Rime :
| Character | 怖 | 怖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 月 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 普故切 | 拂伐切 |
| Baxter | phuH | phjot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuo$^H$/ | /pʰʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰuo$^H$/ | /pʰʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰo$^H$/ | /pʰiuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰɔ$^H$/ | /pʰuat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰo$^H$/ | /pʰiuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰu$^H$/ | /pʰĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰuo$^H$/ | /pʰi̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pù | fa |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pou$^3$ | faat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 怖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3498 |
| Phonetic component | 父 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怖 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaːs/ |

### Definitions

怖
* to fear; to be afraid
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Wú wén yán yú Jiē Yú, dà ér wúdāng, wǎng ér bùfǎn. Wú jīngbù qí yán, yóu héhàn ér wújí yě, dà yǒu jìngtíng, bùjìn rénqíng yān. [Pinyin]
    I heard Jie Yu talking words which were great, but had nothing corresponding to them (in reality); once gone, they could not be brought back. I was frightened and scared by his words; they were like the Milky Way which cannot be traced to its beginning or end. They had no connexion with one another, and were not akin to the experiences of men.
* to scare; to frighten; to terrify
    From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
    Féng Méng zhī dìzǐ yuē Hóng Chāo, nù qí qī ér bù zhī. Yǐn Wūhào zhī gōng, Qíwèi zhī jiàn, shè qí mù, shǐ lái zhù móuzǐ, ér kuàng bùjié, shǐ suì dì ér chén bùyáng. [Pinyin]
    Once Hong Chao, a disciple of the expert archer Feng Meng, got mad at his wife, and in order to scare her he took the powerful Crow's Caw bow and the well-crafted arrow from Qi and shot at her eye. The arrow came right at the pupil of her eye, but she didn’t even blink. The arrow fell to the ground without raising dust.

### Compounds

* 可怖 (kěbù)
* 怕怖
* 怖懼 / 怖惧 (bùjù)
* 恐怖 (kǒngbù)
* 恐怖主義 / 恐怖主义 (kǒngbùzhǔyì)
* 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
* 恐怖小說 / 恐怖小说
* 恐怖片
* 恐怖片兒 / 恐怖片儿
* 恐怖症 (kǒngbùzhèng)
* 恐怖襲擊 / 恐怖袭击 (kǒngbù xíjī)
* 恐怖電影 / 恐怖电影 (kǒngbù diànyǐng)
* 惶怖 (huángbù)
* 獰惡可怖 / 狞恶可怖
* 白色恐怖 (báisè kǒngbù)
* 紅色恐怖 / 红色恐怖 (hóngsè kǒngbù)
* 震怖 (zhènbù)
* 驚怖 / 惊怖 (jīngbù)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* dreadful; frightening

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ほ (ho)
* Kun: こわい (kowai, 怖い, Jōyō)、おそれる (osoreru, 怖れる)、おじる (ojiru, 怖じる)

## Korean
### Hanja

怖 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

怖: Hán Nôm readings: bố
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.