# porcelain
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French porcelaine (“cowrie, wampum; china, chinaware”), from Old Italian porcellana (“cowrie; china, chinaware”), from porcella (“mussel or cockle shell used to hold pigments while painting”) from porco (“pig”) with -ella (suffix forming diminutives).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɔːsəlɪn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpɔɹsəlɪn/, /ˈpɔɹslɪn/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈpoːslɘn/
* Hyphenation: por‧ce‧lain, porc‧lain

### Noun

porcelain (countable and uncountable, plural porcelains)
* (usually uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.
    Tableware and toilets are both made of porcelain.
** 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 136:Any power rail needs to be well insulated from earth, to minimise current leakage, and so the two power rails on the Underground sit on curiously genteel and antique-looking porcelain pots.
* (usually uncountable) Synonym of china: porcelain tableware.
** c. 1530, letter in Original Letters Illustrative of English History, Vol. II, p. 242:
    iij. potts of Erthe payntid, callyd Porseland.
    He set the table with our porcelain and stemware.
* (uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of kaolin: the kind of clay traditionally used in China to manufacture porcelain.
** 1599, E. de Sande, translated by Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, 2nd edition, volume II, page 91:[...] that earthen or pliable matter commonly called porcellan, which is pure white,... wherof vessels of all kinds are very curiously framed...
* (countable, now usually in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.
    The museum has an extensive collection of rare Chinese porcelains.
* (countable, rare) Synonym of cowrie.
** 1601, Giovanni Botero, translated by Robert Johnson, The Trauellers Breuiat, or, An Historicall Description of the Most Famous Kingdomes in the World, page 104:In the kingdomes of Caiacan and Carazan, certaine sea shels are currant, which some men terme Porcelline.
* (countable, obsolete or historical) Synonym of wampum: strings of shells, beads, etc. used as ornamentation or currency; the composite shells, beads, etc.
** c. 1665, Pierre Esprit de Radisson, Voyages, 1885 edition, page 49:We mett severall gangs of men to our greatest disadvantage, ffor we weare forced to sing, and those that came to see us gave porcelaine to those that most did us injury.
* (countable, often capitalized) A kind of pigeon with deep brown and off-white feathers.
** 1855, The Poultry Chronicle, number 3, page 9:Those pretty spangled Toys [...] known by various names, as Porcelains, Hyacinths, Ermines, &c.

#### Synonyms

* (all senses): china
* (porcelain tableware): chinaware

#### Hypernyms

* material ceramic, earthenware

#### Hyponyms

* hard-paste, soft-paste / softpaste

#### Derived terms

* bow down before the porcelain god
* Chantilly porcelain
* drive the porcelain bus
* ivory porcelain
* Plymouth porcelain
* point Percy at the porcelain
* porcelain aorta
* porcelain blue
* porcelain bus
* porcelain cement
* porcelain clay
* porcelain color
* porcelain crab
* porcelain doll
* porcelain earth
* porcelain god
* porcelain goddess
* porcelain grain
* porcelainist
* porcelainite
* porcelain jasper
* porcelain kiln
* porcelain lace
* porcelain-maker
* porcelain-making
* porcelain oven
* porcelain paper
* porcelain printing
* porcelain shell
* porcelain skin
* porcelain spar
* porcelain-tinted
* porcelain tooth
* porcelain ware
* porcelain-white
* porcelaneous
* pray to the porcelain god
* pray to the porcelain goddess
* tender porcelain
* worship the porcelain god
* worship the porcelain goddess

#### Translations
### Verb

porcelain (third-person singular simple present porcelains, present participle porcelaining, simple past and past participle porcelained)
* (transitive) To coat with a porcelain enamel.

### References

* “porcelain, n. and adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
* “porcelain”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* Krueger, Dennis (December 1982). "Why On Earth Do They Call It Throwing?" Studio Potter, Vol. 11, Number 1.

### Further reading

* porcelain on Wikipedia.Wikipedia