# hurt
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: hû(r)t, IPA: /hɜːt/
* (General American) enPR: hûrt, IPA: /hɝt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t

### Etymology 1

From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).
Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.

#### Verb

hurt (third-person singular simple present hurts, present participle hurting, simple past and past participle hurt)
* (transitive, intransitive) To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
    Synonyms: dere, injure, wound; see also Thesaurus:harm, Thesaurus:hurt
    If anybody hurts my little brother, I will get upset.
    This injection might hurt a little.
* (transitive, intransitive) To cause (somebody) emotional pain.
    Synonyms: affront, wound; see also Thesaurus:offend
    He was deeply hurt he hadn’t been invited.
    The insult hurt.
* (intransitive, stative) To be painful.
    Synonyms: ache, smart; see also Thesaurus:suffer
    Does your leg still hurt? / It is starting to feel better.
* (transitive, intransitive) To damage, harm, impair, undermine, impede.
    Synonyms: mar, thwart; see also Thesaurus:hinder
    This latest gaffe hurts the legislator’s reelection prospects still further.
    Copying and pasting identical portions of source code hurts maintainability, because the programmer has to keep all those copies synchronized.
    It wouldn't hurt to check the weather forecast and find out if it's going to rain.
** c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume IV (in Middle English), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Apocalypse II:11, page 643, column 1:He that hath eeris, here he, what the spirit seith to the chirchis. He that ouercometh, schal not be hirt of the secounde deth.He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.
** 1568, William Cornishe, “A treatise betwene Trouth, and Information”, in J[ohn] S[tow], editor, Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, London, →OCLC; republished as Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis in Pater-noster Row, 1736, →OCLC, page 290:The Harpe. […] A harper with his wreſt maye tune the harpe wrong / Mys tunying of an Inſtrument ſhal hurt a true ſonge

##### Derived terms

* did my back hurt your knife
* hurt for
* hurtle
* hurt people hurt people
* hurt someone's feelings
* what you don't know can't hurt you
* where does it hurt
* who hurt you
* would it hurt
* wouldn't hurt a fly

##### See also

* ache

#### Adjective

hurt (comparative more hurt, superlative most hurt)
* Wounded, physically injured.
    Synonyms: imbrued, injured, wounded; see also Thesaurus:wounded
* Pained.
    Synonyms: aching, sore, suffering; see also Thesaurus:painful

##### Derived terms

* butt hurt
* butt-hurt
* hurt locker
* hurt people hurt people
* retire hurt

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Noun

hurt (countable and uncountable, plural hurts)
* An emotional or psychological humiliation or bad experience.
    Synonyms: embarrassment, ignominy; see also Thesaurus:shame
    how to overcome old hurts of the past
** 1996, “Three Lions”, performed by David Baddiel and Frank Skinner:Jules Rimet still gleaming Thirty years of hurt Never stopped me dreaming
* (archaic) A bodily injury causing pain; a wound or bruise.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:injury
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act VII, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:I have received a hurt.
** 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VII. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:The cause is a temperate conglutination ; for both bodies are clammy and viscous , and do bridle the deflux of humours to the hurts , without penning them in too much
** 1693, [John Locke], “§107”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:The pains of sickness and hurts […] all men feel.
* (archaic) Injury; damage; detriment; harm
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:Thou dost me yet but little hurt.
* (engineering) A band on a trip hammer's helve, bearing the trunnions.
* A husk. (clarification of this definition is needed)

##### Derived terms

* in a world of hurt
* put a hurt on

##### Related terms

* hurty

##### Translations
#### References

* ↑ D.Q. Adams, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, s.v. "horn" (London: Fitzroy-Dearborn, 1999), 273.

### Etymology 2

Unclear. Suggestions include: from its resemblance to a blue hurtleberry, or from French heurt (a blow, leaving a blue bruise: compare the theories about golpe (“purple roundel”)).

#### Noun

hurt (plural hurts)
* (heraldry) A roundel azure (blue circular spot).

##### Translations
#### See also

| | metals | metals | main colours | main colours | main colours | main colours | less common colours | less common colours | less common colours | less common colours |
| tincture | or | argent | gules | azure | sable | vert | purpure | tenné | orange | sanguine |
| depiction | | | | | | | | | | |
| roundel (in parentheses: semé): | bezant (bezanty) | plate (platy) | torteau (tortelly) | hurt (hurty) | pellet (pellety), ogress | pomme | golpe (golpy) | orange (semé of oranges) | orange (semé of oranges) | guze (semé of guzes) |
| goutte (noun) / gutty (adj) thereof: | (goutte / gutty) d'or (of gold) | d'eau (of water) | de sang (of blood) | de larmes (of tears) | de poix (of pitch) | d'huile / d'olive (olive oil) | | | | |
| | special roundel | furs | furs | furs | furs | furs | furs | furs | furs | additional, uncommon tinctures: |
| tincture | fountain, syke: barry wavy argent and azure | ermine | ermines, counter-ermine | erminois | pean | vair | counter-vair | potent | counter-potent | bleu celeste, brunâtre, carnation, cendrée (iron, steel, acier), copper, murrey |
| depiction | | | | | | | | | | bleu celeste, brunâtre, carnation, cendrée (iron, steel, acier), copper, murrey |

### Anagrams

* Ruth, Thur, ruth, thru, thur

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English hurt.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoet$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoet$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœːt̚⁵/

### Verb

hurt
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) to hurt someone emotionally
** 1996, The God of Cookery, spoken by Fortune teller (Kingdom Yuen):
       wai$^3$! wan$^2$ sik$^6$ ze$^1$, m$^4$ sai$^2$ gam$^2$ hoet$^1$ ngo$^5$ aa$^1$ waa$^2$? [Jyutping]
       Hey! I'm doing this only for a living, there's no need to hurt me emotionally, isn't it?

### Adjective

hurt (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* causing emotional hurt or damage
* (of person) emotionally hurt

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

hurt
* inflection of huren:
** third-person singular present
** second-person plural present
** plural imperative

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Either borrowed from Old French hurt or a back-formation of hurten.

#### Alternative forms

* hert, hirt, hirte, horte, hurte, hyrt

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hurt/, /hirt/

#### Noun

hurt (plural hurtes)
* Injury, harm or damage; that which is detrimental:
** A wound or disease; damage to one's body.
** Monetary loss; damage to one's finances.
** (law) A transgression; the act of violating.
** (rare) Spiritual damage.
* (rare) A blunder or that which causes one.
* (rare) Sadness, distress, confusion.

##### Descendants

* English: hurt
* Scots: hurt
* Welsh: hurt

##### References

* “hurt, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

hurt
* Alternative form of hurten

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German hurt. Cf. German Hürde.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxurt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -urt
* Syllabification: hurt

### Noun

hurt m inan
* wholesale
    Coordinate term: detal

#### Derived terms

* hurtowy
* hurtownia
* hurtownik

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: гурт (hurt)
* → Russian: гурт (gurt)
* → Ukrainian: гурт (hurt)

### Further reading

* hurt in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* hurt in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle English hurt.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /hɨ̞rt/
* (South Wales) IPA: /hɪrt/
* Rhymes: -ɨ̞rt

### Adjective

hurt (feminine singular hurt, plural hurtion, equative hurted, comparative hurtach, superlative hurtaf, not mutable)
* silly, stupid, dull obtuse, foolish
    Synonyms: twp, dwl, pŵl, pendew

#### Derived terms

* hurtaidd (“stupid, silly”)
* hurtan (“silly person”)
* hurtben (“stupid, thick-headed”)
* hurtddyn (“blockhead”)
* hurtedd (“stupidity”)
* hurtffol (“stupid, foolish”)
* hurtiad (“stupefaction, amazement”)
* hurtiedig (“stupefied, stunned”)
* hurtio (“to become foolish, to be dazed, stupefied”)
* hurtiol (“stupefying, benumbing”)
* hurtni (“stupor, stupefaction”)
* hurtog (“stupid woman”)
* hurtrwth (“stupid, agape”)
* hurtrwydd (“stupidity”)
* hurtus (“feeble-minded, senile”)
* hurtyn (“blockhead”)

### Noun

hurt m (plural hurtion or hurtiaid or hurtod, not mutable)
* (archaic) blockhead, dullard
    Synonyms: hurtyn, dylyn

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hurt”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies