# umlaut
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Umlaut in the 19th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”), from Old High German hlūt. More at loud.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈʌmlaʊt/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈumlaʊt/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʊt
* Hyphenation: um‧laut

### Noun

umlaut (plural umlauts or umlaute)
* (linguistics) An assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants.
** 1997, Matthew Piepenburg, Time and the Maiden, →ISBN, page 62:In fits of concealed despair that went unnoticed even by those close enough to touch, Julien cursed the language of umlauts, eszetts, and gerunds.
** 2008, Roy Blount, Alphabet juice: the energies, gists, and spirits of letters:A tittle is more or less the same thing (the dot over an i, for instance), except that it can be traced back to Medieval Latin for a little mark over or under a letter, such as an accent ague or a cedilla. I don't know whether an umlaut is one or two tittles. Maybe it's a jot and a tittle side by side.
* (linguistics) The umlaut process (as above) that occurred historically in Germanic languages whereby back vowels became front vowels when followed by syllable containing a front vocoid (e.g. Germanic lūsiz > Old English lȳs(i) > Modern English lice).
* (linguistics) A vowel so assimilated.
* (orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel
* (informal, orthography) Synonym of diaeresis
    "Naïve" takes an umlaut because it is pronounced as two syllables.

#### Usage notes

* Although this symbol has the same form as the diaeresis, it has a different function and so in standard and technical usage these two terms are not interchangeable. The term for the diacritic mark, as opposed to its function, is trema.
* When spelling a German word out loud, one can say “(vowel) umlaut” or “umlauted (vowel)”. e.g. “o umlaut” or “umlauted o” (ö). (German practice is to say “o Umlaut”, or more commonly to pronounce the letters, so the name of "Ö" is [øː], just as "A" is [aː] and "B" is [beː].) In the North of Germany, "ä" and "e" are pronounced identically; therefore, one would tend to say "a Umlaut" to avoid confusion.
* In alphabetic orders, "ä, ö, ü" are treated as "a, o, u" or "ae, oe, ue" in German (so the word lügen comes directly after or before the word lugen). In other languages, such as Swedish, the umlaut letters may have their own position in the alphabet.
* The usual English plural is umlauts, but the form umlaute (after the German) has seen some use. It is quite rare, however.

#### Synonyms

* (orthography): trema
* (linguistics): vowel mutation

#### Derived terms

* heavy metal umlaut
* type II fun

#### Related terms

* vowel harmony

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

umlaut (third-person singular simple present umlauts, present participle umlauting, simple past and past participle umlauted)
* (transitive) To place an umlaut over (a vowel).
** 1989, Elizabeth A. Edwards, “A Computer Column for All Seasons”, in Margaret S. Boone, editor, Practicing Anthropology, volume 11, number 2:We kept some of the foreign alphabet symbols such as the accented and umlauted vowels and Greek letters and used the rest of the space for more esoteric linguistic symbols such as "barred-l," and "engma."
* (linguistics, transitive) To modify (a word) so that an umlaut is required in it.
    an umlauting vowel
** 1980, Frederick B. Agard, The Genealogy of the French Language, published in Contributions to historical linguistics, →ISBN, page 222:These, together with (some) Romansh lects, belong to our West Rhaetian; the /ȫ/ also supported by two lects from the Ticino which by our criteria are NWIt, and by the partially umlauting lects of Lombardy which together with (some) Engadine lects belong to our East Rhaetian.

#### See also

* diaeresis, dieresis

### Further reading

* umlaut on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* mutual

## Dutch
### Etymology

From German Umlaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈum.lɑu̯t/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: um‧laut

### Noun

umlaut m (plural umlauten)
* (Germanic grammar) umlaut

#### Derived terms

* umlautsfactor

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Umlaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈumlɑut/, [ˈumlɑ̝ut̪]
* Rhymes: -umlɑut
* Hyphenation: um‧la‧ut

### Noun

umlaut
* umlaut (the diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over various vowels: a > ä, o > ö or u > ü in German and some closely related languages)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of umlaut (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
umlautini
umlautini
accusative
nom.
umlautini
umlautini
gen.
umlautini
genitive
umlautini
umlautieni
partitive
umlautiani
umlautejani
inessive
umlautissani
umlauteissani
elative
umlautistani
umlauteistani
illative
umlautiini
umlauteihini
adessive
umlautillani
umlauteillani
ablative
umlautiltani
umlauteiltani
allative
umlautilleni
umlauteilleni
essive
umlautinani
umlauteinani
translative
umlautikseni
umlauteikseni
abessive
umlautittani
umlauteittani
instructive
comitative
—umlauteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
umlautisi
umlautisi
accusative
nom.
umlautisi
umlautisi
gen.
umlautisi
genitive
umlautisi
umlautiesi
partitive
umlautiasi
umlautejasi
inessive
umlautissasi
umlauteissasi
elative
umlautistasi
umlauteistasi
illative
umlautiisi
umlauteihisi
adessive
umlautillasi
umlauteillasi
ablative
umlautiltasi
umlauteiltasi
allative
umlautillesi
umlauteillesi
essive
umlautinasi
umlauteinasi
translative
umlautiksesi
umlauteiksesi
abessive
umlautittasi
umlauteittasi
instructive
comitative
—umlauteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
umlautimme
umlautimme
accusative
nom.
umlautimme
umlautimme
gen.
umlautimme
genitive
umlautimme
umlautiemme
partitive
umlautiamme
umlautejamme
inessive
umlautissamme
umlauteissamme
elative
umlautistamme
umlauteistamme
illative
umlautiimme
umlauteihimme
adessive
umlautillamme
umlauteillamme
ablative
umlautiltamme
umlauteiltamme
allative
umlautillemme
umlauteillemme
essive
umlautinamme
umlauteinamme
translative
umlautiksemme
umlauteiksemme
abessive
umlautittamme
umlauteittamme
instructive
comitative
—umlauteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
umlautinne
umlautinne
accusative
nom.
umlautinne
umlautinne
gen.
umlautinne
genitive
umlautinne
umlautienne
partitive
umlautianne
umlautejanne
inessive
umlautissanne
umlauteissanne
elative
umlautistanne
umlauteistanne
illative
umlautiinne
umlauteihinne
adessive
umlautillanne
umlauteillanne
ablative
umlautiltanne
umlauteiltanne
allative
umlautillenne
umlauteillenne
essive
umlautinanne
umlauteinanne
translative
umlautiksenne
umlauteiksenne
abessive
umlautittanne
umlauteittanne
instructive
comitative
—umlauteinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
umlautinsa
umlautinsa
accusative
nom.
umlautinsa
umlautinsa
gen.
umlautinsa
genitive
umlautinsa
umlautiensa
partitive
umlautiaan umlautiansa
umlautejaan umlautejansa
inessive
umlautissaan umlautissansa
umlauteissaan umlauteissansa
elative
umlautistaan umlautistansa
umlauteistaan umlauteistansa
illative
umlautiinsa
umlauteihinsa
adessive
umlautillaan umlautillansa
umlauteillaan umlauteillansa
ablative
umlautiltaan umlautiltansa
umlauteiltaan umlauteiltansa
allative
umlautilleen umlautillensa
umlauteilleen umlauteillensa
essive
umlautinaan umlautinansa
umlauteinaan umlauteinansa
translative
umlautikseen umlautiksensa
umlauteikseen umlauteiksensa
abessive
umlautittaan umlautittansa
umlauteittaan umlauteittansa
instructive
comitative
—umlauteineen umlauteinensa :

#### Hypernyms

* vokaalinmukaus

### Anagrams

* muulta

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /umˈlaut/ [umˈla.ʊt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -aut
* Syllabification: um‧laut

### Noun

umlaut
* umlaut (partial assimilation of a vowel)
* umlaut (vowel so assimilated)
* umlaut (diacritical mark)

### See also

* ablaut

### Further reading

* “umlaut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Manx
### Etymology

From German Umlaut.

### Noun

umlaut m (genitive singular umlaut, plural umlautyn)
* (linguistics, orthography) umlaut

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Umlaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈum.lawt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -umlawt
* Syllabification: um‧laut

### Noun

umlaut m inan
* (phonology) umlaut (the partial assimilation of vowels in some Germanic languages)
* umlaut (diacritical mark)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* umlaut in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Noun

umlaut m (plural umlauts)
* (linguistics) umlaut (the partial assimilation of a vowel in Germanic languages)
* (orthography) umlaut (the diacritical mark ¨ used to indicate such assimilation)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Umlaut.

### Noun

umlaut n (uncountable)
* umlaut