# بن
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Base form of اِبْن (ibn). From Proto-Semitic *bin-. Compare Hebrew בֵּן.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ibn/

#### Noun

بْن • (bn) m
* Alternative form of اِبْن (ibn)

##### Usage notes

Used after another noun (which necessarily ends in a vowel if case endings are preserved).

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā), which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce بُنّ (bunn), but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Compare meaning transferrals in the spice-names قِزْح (qizḥ) and بِسْبَاس (bisbās), and خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs, “spelt; gruel”) to “wine”, as قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”) originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis and Aëtius of Amida. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known Middle Iranian word for “base, grounds” found as Classical Persian بن (bun) and Old Armenian բուն (bun), also borrowed directly from Iranian in Omani Arabic بون (būn), compare the Iranianism reflected in Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “lees, amurca”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bunn/

#### Noun

بُنّ • (bunn) m (plural أَبْنَان (ʔabnān)) (usually uncountable)
* coffee beans, coffee
* coffee tree
* (obsolete) a fine strong fragrance

##### Derived terms

* بُنِّيّ (bunniyy)
* بَنَّة (banna, “odour”)

##### Descendants

* → Afar: bún, búun (Northern Afar), búna, buná (Southern Afar)
* → Amharic: ቡን (bunn)
** ⇒ Amharic: ቡና (bunna)
*** → Afar: buna
*** → Awngi: bunnoa
*** → Kafa: buno
*** → Oromo: buna
*** → Sidamo: buna
*** → Waata: bunna
*** → Wolaytta: bunna
* → Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛ (pon)
* → Gujarati: બૂંદ (bū̃d)
* → Harari: ቡን (bunn)
* → Tigre: ቡን (bun)
* → Tigrinya: ቡን (bun)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بن (bünn)
* → Swahili: buni

##### See also

* قَهْوَة (qahwa)

### Etymology 3

Back-formation of بُنِّيّ (bunniyy, “Labeobarbus bynni”), a well-eaten fish of the highest frequency in the Nile.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bunn/

#### Noun

بُنّ • (bunn) m
* (obsolete) brine, pickling-solution, a fish-dish from the salt water in which for example Labeobarbus bynni has been preserved.

##### See also

* مُرِّيّ (murriyy)
* مَرَقَة (maraqa)
* رُبَيْثَاء (rubayṯāʔ)
* صِير (ṣīr)
* أُجَاج (ʔujāj)

### Etymology 4.1

Apparently denominal from بَنَّة (banna, “odour in particular from lodging-places due to cattle”).

#### Verb

بَنَّ • (banna) I (non-past يَبِنُّ (yabinnu), verbal noun ?) (obsolete)
* to stop over or have a stay [with بِ (bi)]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4.2
#### Noun

بِنّ • (binn) m (obsolete)
* a place having a fetid odour
* layer of fat

##### Declension
### Etymology 4
#### Verb

بن (form I)
* بِنَّ (binna) /bin.na/: inflection of بَانَ (bāna):
** third-person feminine plural past active
** second-person feminine plural imperative
* بِنْ (bin) /bin/: second-person masculine singular imperative of بَانَ (bāna)

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 116
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “بن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 158b
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 166
* Landberg, Carlo, editor (1909), Études sur les dialectes de l'Arabie méridionale. Deuxième volume. Daṯînah. Deuxième partie‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, pages 1062–1064
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 258a–b
* Streck, Maximilian (1907) “Bemerkungen zu einigen arabischen Fischnamen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 61, page 638

## Brokskat
### Noun

بن (ban)
* village

## Kalami
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ban]

### Adjective

بن (ban) m
* closed

## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Alternative forms

* مَنْ (män) (Azerbaijan, East Anatolia)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).

### Pronoun

بَنْ (bän)
* I (first person singular pronoun)

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: mən
* Gagauz: bän
* Ottoman Turkish: بن
** Turkish: ben

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish بن (ban /⁠bän⁠/, “I”), from Proto-Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).

#### Pronoun

بَنْ • (ben)
* I

##### Descendants

* Turkish: ben

### Etymology 2

From Arabic اِبْن (ibn, “son”).

#### Noun

بن • (bin) (plural بنی)
* son (only used at names, e.g. Ahmet bin Ali - “the son of Ali, Ahmed”)
    Synonym: اوغلی (oğlu)

#### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 277
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بنی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 390

## Pashto
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife”). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī) and Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bən/

### Noun

بن • (bən) f
* co-wife

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bun]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bʊn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bun]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bon]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bun]

#### Noun

بن • (bon)
* bottom
* foundation
* root

##### Derived terms

* بنگاه (bongâh, “organization, institution”)
* بن‌بست (bon-bast, “dead-end”)

### Etymology 2

From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /⁠wan⁠/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as ون (van, “ash tree”) and Classical Syriac ܒܰܢ (ban, “terebinth”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”). Cognate with Pashto ونه (“tree”) and Sanskrit वन (vana, “forest, grove, thicket”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bun]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bʊn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bun]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bon]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bun]

#### Noun

بن • (bon) (archaic)
* bush
* tree

##### Derived terms

* گلبن (golbon)
* خاربن (xârbon)
* سروبن (sarvbon)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bin]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɪn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɪn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɪn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bin]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ben]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bin]

#### Noun

بن • (ben)
* bin (in Arabic names)

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

بن • (ben)
* Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
* Ben (a county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from German Bonn.

#### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bon]

#### Proper noun

بن • (bon)
* Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)

### References

* Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 129, from which apparently “bn$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, pages 248–249
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 200
* Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بن”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 263

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بُنّ (bunn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /binn/, [bɪn]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

بنّ • (binn) m
* coffee beans
* ground coffee

#### See also

* قهوة (ʔahwe, “coffee”)
* بني (binni, “brown”)