# 首

| 首 | U+9996, &#39318; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9996 |
| ← 馕 [U+9995] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 馗 → [U+9997] |
| ⾸ | U+2FB8, &#12216; KANGXI RADICAL HEAD |
| ← ⾷ [U+2FB7] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾹ → [U+2FB9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

首 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 8060$_1$, composition ⿱丷𦣻 or ⿱䒑自)
* Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/首
* 𠃺, 𫮐, 𡞝, 𭛼, 𢰢, 渞, 𤠁, 道, 𪳂, 𣮹, 𫤞, 𪼼, 艏, 𫋎, 𨍣, 𨲛, 𮫤, 𮬅, 𠡼, 𬱯, 𩯢, 𪬐, 𩠮, 𩠰, 𭐱, 衜, 𭩍, 𬞪

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1427, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
* Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4500, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9996

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 首 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 道 | *l'uːʔ |
| 導 | *duːs |
| 首 | *hljuʔ, *hljus |
Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǒu (shou$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sau$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sú
    (Meixian, Guangdong): su$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siú / chhiú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$seu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^3$
*** Yale: shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
*** Palladius: шоу (šou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^2$
*** Yale: sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siū
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú / chhiú
*** Tâi-lô: siú / tshiú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siuo, chiuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁵³/, /t͡sʰiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁵³/, /t͡sʰiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu⁵³/, /t͡sʰiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴¹/, /t͡sʰiu⁴¹/
* siú - literary;
* chhiú - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: syuwX
Rime :
| Character | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 書九切 |
| Baxter | syuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥uʔ/ |
| English | head |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 11671 |
| Phonetic component | 首 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 首 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljuʔ/ |

#### Definitions

首
* (archaic, anatomy) head
    Synonym: 頭 / 头
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Ài ér bù jiàn, sāo shǒu chíchú. [Pinyin]
    Loving and not seeing her, I scratch my head, and am in perplexity.
* chief; leader
* start; beginning
* first; best; highest
* prime; prior; primary
* side; direction
* Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 首, 支 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 首 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 首 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 首 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 支, 隻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 首, 隻, 支 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 隻, 支 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 支 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 隻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 隻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 隻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 支 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 隻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 支 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 條 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 條 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 條 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 隻 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 支 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 支 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 支 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 條 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 隻 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 條 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 隻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 條 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 條 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 條 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 條 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 條 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 條 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 塊 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 條, 首 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 條 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 塊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 條 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 條 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 條 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 首, 條 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 隻 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 隻 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 首, 元, 頭, 元首 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頭, 頭部, 頭顱, 頭腦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦殼兒, 腦殼, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 老屋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 腦袋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 頭, 腦殼兒, 腦殼子, 腦子, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 腦袋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦殼兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 頭, 腦袋瓜子 derogatory |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 頭, 低腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 得腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 得腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 腦袋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 𦠿, 頭, 腦袋, 脊囊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 頭, 多腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 頭, 多腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 頭, 腦袋, 朵落 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 棗木 dated, humorous |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 頭, 頭蛋骨, 得勒 derogatory |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 頭, 腦瓜子, 腦勺, 腦勺殼子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 頭, 腦瓜子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 腦殼, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 腦殼, 沙罐兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 頭, 腦殼, 腦瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 腦袋, 腦殼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 頭, 頭殼, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 頭, 頭兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 頭, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 頭, 腦袋瓜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 腦殼, 頭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 頭乸殼 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 頭, 羅殼 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 頭骨 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 頭, 腦蓋 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 頭, 腦 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 頭, 那殼 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 頭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Changting | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 頭, 腦蓋, 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 腦蓋, 頭那殼 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 腦蓋, 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 腦骨窠 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 頭腦 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Meixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 頭, 頭腦殼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 得腦, 頭, 腦袋, 乾骷髏 derogatory, 骷髏 derogatory |
| Jin | Pingyao | 得腦 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 得腦, 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 頭 |
| Jin | Linhe | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Jining | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Baotou | 腦袋 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 頭 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 腦袋 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Handan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 頭, 得腦哦 |
| Jin | Suide | 頭, 腦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 腦殼 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 頭, 頭腦, 頭首 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 頭子 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 頭, 頭首 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 頭碗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 頭殼, 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 頭, 頭殼, 頭殼顱 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 頭, 頭顱, 殼升 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 頭顱, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 頭, 頭顱 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 頭, 頭末 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 頭末 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 頭, 頭囝 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 頭殼 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 頭殼, 頭 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 頭殼 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 頭殼 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 頭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 腦袋, 頭骷顱, 骷顱頭 often derogatory, 骷郎頭 often derogatory |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 頭爿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 頭, 骷郎頭, 六斤四兩 |
| Wu | Danyang | 頭, 腦袋瓜, 頭骷郎 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 頭, 腦頭瓜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 骷顱頭, 骷郎頭, 頭, 骷顱頭甏 derogatory, 骷顱頭瓶 derogatory, 六斤四兩 humorous |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頭, 六斤四 secret |
| Wu | Jinhua | 頭, 葫粒頭 humorous |
| Xiang | Changsha | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 腦殼 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 腦牯 |

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǒu (shou$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sau$^2$ / sau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^3$
*** Yale: shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
*** Palladius: шоу (šou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^2$ / sau$^3$
*** Yale: sáu / sau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^2$ / sau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^2$ / seo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯³⁵/, /sɐu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: syuwH
Rime :
| Character | 首 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舒救切 |
| Baxter | syuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥uʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 首 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥uʔ-s/ |
| English | turn the head towards |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 首 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 11672 |
| Phonetic component | 首 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 狩 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljus/ |

#### Definitions

首
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to report someone to the authorities; to plead guilty
    自首 ― zìshǒu ― to turn oneself in; to give up; to surrender
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to face (a direction)

### Compounds

* 一蛇二首
* 上廳行首 / 上厅行首
* 下首 (xiàshǒu)
* 上首 (shàngshǒu)
* 上首徒弟
* 不堪回首 (bùkānhuíshǒu)
* 乳首
* 亂首 / 乱首
* 亂首垢面 / 乱首垢面
* 企足矯首 / 企足矫首
* 仰首伸眉
* 伏首貼耳 / 伏首贴耳
* 低首下心
* 何首烏 / 何首乌 (héshǒuwū)
* 俛首 / 俯首
* 俛首帖耳 / 俯首帖耳
* 俛首聽命 / 俯首听命
* 俛首自招 / 俯首自招
* 個人首頁 / 个人首页
* 倡首 (chàngshǒu)
* 俯首
* 俯首就縛 / 俯首就缚
* 俯首帖耳
* 俯首稱臣 / 俯首称臣 (fǔshǒu chēngchén)
* 俯首聽命 / 俯首听命
* 俯首認罪 / 俯首认罪
* 側首 / 侧首
* 元首 (yuánshǒu)
* 六陽會首 / 六阳会首
* 六陽首級 / 六阳首级
* 六陽魁首 / 六阳魁首
* 出首 (chūshǒu)
* 分首判袂
* 剽首
* 功首
* 匕首
* 北首
* 匪首 (fěishǒu)
* 卬首信眉
* 叩首 (kòushǒu)
* 名列榜首 (mínglièbǎngshǒu)
* 囚首喪面 / 囚首丧面
* 囚首垢面
* 回首 (huíshǒu)
* 圓首方足 / 圆首方足
* 垂首喪氣 / 垂首丧气
* 埋首 (máishǒu)
* 姿首
* 尸首
* 居首 (jūshǒu)
* 屍首 / 尸首
* 布衣黔首
* 帕首
* 龐眉皓首 / 庞眉皓首
* 延首
* 引首
* 引首章
* 後首 / 后首
* 徇首
* 徹首徹尾 / 彻首彻尾
* 心折首肯
* 愴然垂首 / 怆然垂首
* 懸首 / 悬首 (xuánshǒu)
* 戎首
* 抗首
* 投首
* 批首
* 拜手稽首
* 拜稽首
* 捐軀殞首 / 捐躯殒首
* 授首
* 捧首
* 搔首
* 搔首弄姿 (sāoshǒunòngzī)
* 搔首抓耳
* 搔首踟躕 / 搔首踟蹰
* 摧身碎首
* 擒賊擒首 / 擒贼擒首
* 教首
* 斂首低眉 / 敛首低眉
* 文章魁首
* 斬首 / 斩首 (zhǎnshǒu)
* 斬首示眾 / 斩首示众
* 斷首捐軀 / 断首捐躯
* 昂首 (ángshǒu)
* 昂首挺立
* 昂首挺胸
* 昂首望天
* 昂首闊步 / 昂首阔步 (ángshǒukuòbù)
* 會首 / 会首
* 有首尾
* 東首 / 东首
* 枳首
* 枳首蛇
* 案首 (ànshǒu)
* 梟首 / 枭首 (xiāoshǒu)
* 榜首 (bǎngshǒu)
* 標首 / 标首
* 權首 / 权首
* 歲首 / 岁首 (suìshǒu)
* 歸首 / 归首
* 殞身碎首 / 殒身碎首
* 沒甚首尾 / 没甚首尾
* 泥首
* 濡首
* 為首 / 为首 (wéishǒu)
* 營首 / 营首
* 牛首 (Niúshǒu)
* 犀首
* 狐死首丘
* 獻首 / 献首 (xiànshǒu)
* 班首
* 畏首畏尾 (wèishǒuwèiwěi)
* 疚心疾首
* 疢如疾首
* 疾首 (jíshǒu)
* 疾首痛心
* 疾首蹙頞 / 疾首蹙𱂨
* 疾首蹙額 / 疾首蹙额
* 痛心疾首 (tòngxīnjíshǒu)
* 發行首日 / 发行首日
* 白首 (báishǒu)
* 白首一節 / 白首一节
* 白首之心
* 白首北面
* 白首同歸 / 白首同归
* 白首如新
* 白首無成 / 白首无成
* 白首相知
* 白首空歸 / 白首空归
* 白首窮經 / 白首穷经
* 皓首 (hàoshǒu)
* 皓首一經 / 皓首一经
* 皓首窮經 / 皓首穷经
* 皓首蒼顏 / 皓首苍颜
* 盜首 / 盗首
* 矯首 / 矫首
* 石首 (shíshǒu)
* 石首魚 / 石首鱼 (shíshǒuyú)
* 碎首糜軀 / 碎首糜躯
* 禍首 / 祸首 (huòshǒu)
* 禍首罪魁 / 祸首罪魁
* 稽首 (qǐshǒu)
* 空首
* 糜軀碎首 / 糜躯碎首
* 網路首頁 / 网路首页
* 綯首 / 绹首
* 繯首 / 缳首
* 罪魁禍首 / 罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
* 群龍無首 / 群龙无首 (qúnlóngwúshǒu)
* 翹首 / 翘首 (qiáoshǒu)
* 翹首企足 / 翘首企足
* 翹首引領 / 翘首引领
* 翹首盼望 / 翘首盼望
* 聚首 (jùshǒu)
* 自首 (zìshǒu)
* 舉首 / 举首
* 荼首
* 蔀首
* 蓬首
* 蓬首垢面 (péngshǒugòumiàn)
* 蛾眉螓首
* 螓首
* 螓首蛾眉
* 螭首
* 行首 (hángshǒu)
* 褎然舉首 / 褎然举首
* 貿首 / 贸首
* 賊首 / 贼首 (zéishǒu)
* 起首 (qǐshǒu)
* 身首分離 / 身首分离
* 身首異處 / 身首异处 (shēnshǒuyìchù)
* 軹首蛇 / 轵首蛇
* 轉首 / 转首
* 迴首 / 回首 (huíshǒu)
* 進退首鼠 / 进退首鼠
* 還首 / 还首
* 部會首長 / 部会首长
* 部首 (bùshǒu)
* 鋪首 / 铺首
* 門首 / 门首 (ménshǒu)
* 開首 / 开首 (kāishǒu)
* 陳首 / 陈首
* 隕首 / 陨首 (yǔnshǒu)
* 面首 (miànshǒu)
* 韻首 / 韵首
* 頂首 / 顶首
* 頓首 / 顿首 (dùnshǒu)
* 頷首 / 颔首 (hànshǒu)
* 頭首 / 头首
* 風流班首 / 风流班首
* 饅首 / 馒首
* 首七
* 首下尻高
* 首丘
* 首丘之念
* 首丘之思
* 首丘之情
* 首丘之望
* 首丘夙願 / 首丘夙愿
* 首事 (shǒushì)
* 首人
* 首倡 (shǒuchàng)
* 首倡義舉 / 首倡义举
* 首先 (shǒuxiān)
* 首創 / 首创 (shǒuchuàng)
* 首功 (shǒugōng)
* 首呈
* 首告
* 首唱
* 首唱義兵 / 首唱义兵
* 首唱義舉 / 首唱义举
* 首善
* 首善之區 / 首善之区 (shǒushànzhīqū)
* 首善之地 (shǒushànzhīdì)
* 首如飛蓬 / 首如飞蓬
* 首妻
* 首富 (shǒufù)
* 首尾 (shǒuwěi)
* 首尾一貫 / 首尾一贯
* 首尾乖互
* 首尾兩端 / 首尾两端 (shǒuwěiliǎngduān)
* 首尾共濟 / 首尾共济
* 首尾受敵 / 首尾受敌
* 首尾夾攻 / 首尾夹攻
* 首尾狼狽 / 首尾狼狈
* 首尾相應 / 首尾相应
* 首尾相援
* 首尾相救
* 首尾相繼 / 首尾相继
* 首尾相衛 / 首尾相卫
* 首尾相赴
* 首尾相連 / 首尾相连
* 首尾貫通 / 首尾贯通
* 首屈一指 (shǒuqūyīzhǐ)
* 首展
* 首席 (shǒuxí)
* 首府 (shǒufǔ)
* 首度 (shǒudù)
* 首座 (shǒuzuò)
* 首從 / 首从
* 首惡 / 首恶 (shǒu'è)
* 首戰 / 首战
* 首播 (shǒubō)
* 首施 (shǒushī)
* 首施兩端 / 首施两端 (shǒushīliǎngduān)
* 首日封 (shǒurìfēng)
* 首映 (shǒuyìng)
* 首映典禮 / 首映典礼
* 首時 / 首时
* 首服 (shǒufú)
* 首演 (shǒuyǎn)
* 首犯 (shǒufàn)
* 首狀 / 首状
* 首當其衝 / 首当其冲 (shǒudāngqíchōng)
* 首相 (shǒuxiàng)
* 首相府 (shǒuxiàngfǔ)
* 首級 / 首级 (shǒují)
* 首縣 / 首县
* 首義 / 首义 (shǒuyì)
* 首義路 / 首义路 (Shǒuyìlù)
* 首肯 (shǒukěn)
* 首腦 / 首脑 (shǒunǎo)
* 首航 (shǒuháng)
* 首薦 / 首荐
* 首要 (shǒuyào)
* 首謀 / 首谋
* 首足異處 / 首足异处
* 首路
* 首身
* 首身分離 / 首身分离
* 首車 / 首车
* 首輪 / 首轮 (shǒulún)
* 首輪片 / 首轮片
* 首途 (shǒutú)
* 首都 (shǒudū)
* 首長 / 首长 (shǒuzhǎng)
* 首長制 / 首长制
* 首開紀錄 / 首开纪录
* 首陀羅 / 首陀罗 (shǒutuóluó)
* 首陽山 / 首阳山
* 首頁 / 首页 (shǒuyè)
* 首領 / 首领 (shǒulǐng)
* 首飾 / 首饰 (shǒushì)
* 首鼠 (shǒushǔ)
* 首鼠兩端 / 首鼠两端 (shǒushǔliǎngduān)
* 首鼠模棱
* 馬首是瞻 / 马首是瞻 (mǎshǒushìzhān)
* 驀然回首 / 蓦然回首
* 驤首 / 骧首
* 魁首 (kuíshǒu)
* 鶉首 / 鹑首
* 鷁首 / 鹢首 (yìshǒu)
* 黔首 (qiánshǒu)
* 點首 / 点首
* 黥首 (qíngshǒu)
* 龍首 / 龙首

### References

* “首”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* neck
* counter for songs and poems
* leader, chief, head
* beginning, first

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: くび (kubi, 首, Jōyō)、おびと (obito, 首)、こうべ (kōbe, 首)、しるし (shirushi, 首)、つかさ (tsukasa, 首)、かしら (kashira, 首)、はじめ (hajime, 首め)、もうす (mōsu, 首す)
* Nanori: おびと (obito)、こべ (kobe)、す (su)

#### Compounds

* 機(き)首(しゅ) (kishu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 首
* くび Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 頚
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kunpi.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くび [kùbí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟bʲi]

#### Noun

首(くび) • (kubi)
* neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
* the neck and head as a whole
    Synonym: (as a trophy) 首級 (shukyū)
    首(くび)無(な)し
       kubinashi
       headless
    首(くび)を刎(は)ねる
       kubiohaneru
       to behead
* dismissal from employment

##### Derived terms

* 足(あし)首(くび) (ashikubi)
* 猪(い)首(くび) (ikubi)
* 雁(かり)首(くび) (karikubi) goose's neck, something resembling a goose's neck; corona (circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males)
* 雁(がん)首(くび) (gankubi) bowl (part of a pipe); human neck or head
* 首(くび)っ引(ぴ)き (kubippiki)
* 首(くび)輪(わ) (kubiwa)
* 手(て)首(くび) (tekubi)
* 花(はな)首(くび) (hanakubi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 首
* おびと Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Shift from Old Japanese 大人 (opobito, “boss, chief”, literally “big person”).
/opobito/ → /obito/

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞bʲito̞]

#### Noun

首(おびと) • (obito)
* (archaic) one who rules or commands a group of people: a chief

#### See also

* Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/首

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 首
* こうべ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 首
* かしら Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 首 – see the following entry. :
| 【頭かしら】2 | [counter] a head, as when counting people, or cattle or other livestock [noun] 頭, 首: the head of a doll |
| 【頭こうべ】2 | [noun] head |
(This term, 首, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 首
* しゅ Grade: 2
* goon
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX|syuwH).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕɨ]

#### Counter

首(しゅ) • (-shu)
* poems and songs

#### Noun

首(しゅ) • (shu)
* (rare) the first one; a lord

#### See also

* 頭

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (sywú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 首 (eumhun 머리 수 (meori su))
* hanja form of 수 (“head”)

#### Compounds

* 부수 (部首, busu)
* 수긍 (首肯, sugeung)
* 수뇌 (首腦, sunoe)
* 수도 (首都, sudo)
* 수령 (首領, suryeong)
* 수상 (首相, susang)
* 수석 (首席, suseok)
* 수장 (首長, sujang)
* 원수 (元首, wonsu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

首: Hán Nôm readings: thủ, thú, siều
* chữ Hán form of thủ (“head”).
* chữ Hán form of thú (“confess”).

#### Compounds

* 首犯 (thủ phạm)
* 首相 (thủ tướng)
* 首科 (thủ khoa)
* 首級 (thủ cấp)
* 首都 (thủ đô)
* 首領 (thủ lĩnh)
* 投首 (đầu thú)
* 自首 (tự thú)
* 首實 (thú thật)
* 首認 (thú nhận)