# -ik
## Abenaki
### Suffix

-ik
* A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

#### Usage notes

* Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
* See the usage notes at -ak.

## Azerbaijani
### Suffix

-ik
* First-person plural present simple copula
** [we] are

## Basque
### Alternative forms

* -rik (after vowels)

### Suffix

-ik
* Partitive suffix.
    ‎etxe (“house”) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (“any house?”)
* Adverbial suffix, -ly
    ‎poz (“joy”) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (“happy, happily”)

#### Derived terms
### References

* “-ik” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.

### Suffix

-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)
* Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
    kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”)
    kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”)
    neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”)

#### Derived terms
## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ɪk/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-ik
* forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
* forms feminine collective nouns
* forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics

#### Derived terms
## Hungarian

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “We seem to be missing an etym section for the intransitive (reflexive?) verb-forming suffix -ik, as documented in the Etymology section in -zik.”

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ik]
* Rhymes: -ik

### Etymology 1

Adjective suffix.

#### Suffix

-ik
* (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix (often used together with the definite article a/az (“the”)). Used with (chiefly comparative, sometimes superlative) adjectives, answering the question melyik? (“which?”), specifying one out of a specific set of things/persons.
    más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)
    rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)
    a kisebbik rossz(at választja) ― (to choose) the lesser of two evils
    A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

Possessive suffix.

#### Suffix

-ik
* possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
** their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
    kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)
    érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)
** (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
    kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
    érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)

##### Usage notes

* (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
    -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

### Etymology 3

Personal suffix.

#### Suffix

-ik
* (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
    Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.
* (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
    Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják
    Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)]

##### Usage notes

The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.
Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| én | -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | -sz | -sz |
| te | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | -esz |
| te | after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | – | – |
| ő maga ön | -ik verbs | -ik | -ik | -ik |
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | -ünk |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| ti | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| ők maguk önök | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | -enek |
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||
* (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular | -ja | -i | -i |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | -jük |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | -itek |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural | -ják | -ik | -ik |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||

##### Derived terms
### See also

* Category:Hungarian verbs ending in -ik
* Category:Hungarian noun forms
* Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

### Suffix

-ik
* -ic.
    analitik ― analytic

#### Usage notes

The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.

#### Related terms

* -ikal
* -is
* -at

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ik̚]
* Hyphenation: -ik

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

#### Suffix

-ik (Jawi spelling ـيک)
* -ic.
    saintifik ― scientific

##### Usage notes

The suffix -ik often appears in loanwords from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with the suffix -is many of which were loaned from Dutch through Indonesian, although not all of them are (e.g. gramatis).

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English -ics.

#### Suffix

-ik (Jawi spelling ـيک)
* -ics.
    linguistik ― linguistics

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English -ique.

#### Suffix

-ik (Jawi spelling ـيک)
* -ique.
    unik ― unique

### Related terms

* -ikal
* -is
* -at

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-ik
* Alternative form of -y

### Etymology 2

From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.

#### Alternative forms

* -ike, -ique, -ic, -ice

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iːk/, /ik/

#### Suffix

-ik
* Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.

##### Descendants

* English: -ic

##### References

* “-ī̆k, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-2.

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /iːk/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ik/

### Suffix

-ik
* forms nouns, often diminutive

#### Descendants

* Polish: -ik

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* -yk

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish -ik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ik/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ik
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
* Homophone: Ig

### Suffix

-ik m
* forms nouns, often diminutive
    ‎słodki + ‎-ik → ‎słodzik

#### Declension

Masculine personal:
Masculine inanimate:

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* -ik in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

### Suffix

-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)
* Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.

### See also

* -nik
* -enik
* -ovnik
* -evnik

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ik]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

#### Suffix

-ik m
* alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong
    ‎vták + ‎-ik → ‎vtáčik
    ‎hriešny + ‎-ik → ‎hriešnik

##### Related terms

* -ík
* -ník ~ -nik
* -íčka ~ -ička

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

#### Suffix

-ik m
* fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed
    ‎akadémia + ‎-ik → ‎akademik

##### Related terms

* -ička

### Declension

* Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:
* Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:

### Further reading

* Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
* -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik) as well as Ottoman Turkish وق (-uk), from Proto-Turkic *-uk, synonymous to Proto-Turkic *-ïg.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɯk/, /ic/, /uk/, /yc/

#### Suffix

-ik
* Derives participle forms of verbs; adjectival and/or resulting state or product of the action.
    ‎aç- (“to open”) + ‎-ık → ‎açık (“open, opened”)
    ‎del- (“to drill, to poke a hole”) + ‎-ik → ‎delik (“hole, pierced”)
    ‎boz- (“to break, to damage”) + ‎-uk → ‎bozuk (“broken, damaged”)
    ‎düş- (“to fall”) + ‎-ük → ‎düşük (“fallen, low”)
    ‎iste- (“to want”) + ‎-k → ‎istek (“request, want”)
    ‎dile- (“to wish”) + ‎-k → ‎dilek (“wish, desire”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From French -ique, from Latin -icus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ic/

#### Suffix

-ik
* -ic
* -ical

##### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+Uk" - in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Veps
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Presumably related to Finnish -ko.

### Particle

-ik
* Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.

## Volapük
### Suffix

-ik
* Used to form adjectives and determiners.