# novem
## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈno.ve(m)/

### Numeral

novem
* nine

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈno.u̯em/, [ˈnou̯ɛ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈno.vem/, [ˈnɔːvem]

### Etymology 1

From *noven (influenced by decem, original form preserved in nōnus < *h₁newnos), from Proto-Italic *nowən, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognates include Sanskrit नवन् (navan), Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun) and Old English nigon (English nine).

#### Alternative forms

* Symbol: IX

#### Numeral

novem (indeclinable)
* nine; 9
** 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.262–264:perque novem luces expers undaeque cibique rore mero lacrimisque suis ieiunia pavit nec se movit humoFor nine whole days she sat, tasting neither drink nor food, her hunger fed by naught save pure dew and tears, and moved not from the ground.
** 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4.1.1:per idem tempus annorum novem, ab undevicensimo anno aetatis meae usque ad duodetricensimum, seducebamur et seducebamusDuring this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.
** Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Iosue 13:7:et nunc divide terram in possessionem novem tribubus et dimidiae tribui ManasseNow therefore divide this land for an inheritance unto the nine tribes, and the half tribe of Manasseh

##### Derived terms

* nōngentī
* november
* novena
* novēnī
* noviēs, noviēns

##### Related terms

* nōnāgintā

##### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: noauã, nauã, nau, noau
** Megleno-Romanian: noauă
** Romanian: nouă
* Dalmatian:
** nu
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: nove, novi
    Gallurese: noi
** Italian: nove
** Neapolitan: nove
    Tarantino: nôve
** Sassarese: nobi
** Sicilian: novi
* North Italian:
** Friulian: nûf, nûv (alternative orthography)
** Istriot: gnove
** Ladin: nuef
** Ligurian: neuve
** Lombard: növ
** Piedmontese: neuv
** Romagnol: növ (Ville Unite)
** Romansch: nov, nouv (Puter, Vallader)
** Venetan: nove
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: nôf
** Old French: nuef, nof, neof, neof
*** Middle French: neuf
**** French: neuf
*** Norman: neuf
*** Walloon: noûf
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: nou
** Occitan: nòu
** Aragonese: nueu, nou
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: nueve, nove
*** Leonese: nueve
*** Mirandese: nuobe
** Old Galician-Portuguese: nove, nof
*** Galician: nove
*** Portuguese: nove
** Old Spanish: nueve, nuef
*** Spanish: nueve
**** Papiamentu: nuebe
**** → Cebuano: nuwebe, nuybe
**** → Tagalog: nuwebe
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: noi, nobe, noe

##### See also

* Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals

### Etymology 2

From novō (“renew, refresh”).

#### Verb

novem
* first-person singular present active subjunctive of novō

### References

* “novem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “novem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* novem in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN