# 伏

| 伏 | U+4F0F, &#20239; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0F |
| ← 伎 [U+4F0E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 伐 → [U+4F10] |

## Translingual
### Han character

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 2323$_4$, composition ⿰亻犬)

#### Derived characters

* 垘, 洑, 栿, 袱, 絥, 䟮, 鮲, 茯, 覄, 𰂐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
* Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
* Unihan data for U+4F0F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伏 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb12383Small seal scripts05877Transcribed ancient scriptsL37486L37487L37488L25340L25341L25342L25343L25344L25345L25346L25347L25348L25349L25350L25351 |||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 絥 | *brɯɡs, *bɯɡ |
| 伏 | *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ |
| 垘 | *bɯːɡ |
| 茯 | *bɯɡ |
| 洑 | *bɯɡ |
| 栿 | *bɯɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.
* A dog at the side of a person.
* A person adopting the position of a dog.

### Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1 and 2 are related (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fú (fu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): buk$^6$ / fuk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
* Jin (Wiktionary): feh$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog$^8$ / pag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$voq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fú
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fú
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^6$ / fuk$^6$
*** Yale: buhk / fuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^9$ / fuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^6$ / fug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚²/, /fʊk̚²/
* buk6 - vernacular;
* fuk6 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: bjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 伏 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房六切 |
| Baxter | bjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fuk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 伏 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ək/ |
| English | lie prostrate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 伏 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 3333 |
| Phonetic component | 伏 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伏 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯɡ/ |

##### Definitions

伏
* to lie prostrate
* to crouch; to crawl
* to ambush; to lie hidden
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
    It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
* to hide; to conceal
* to surrender; to yield
* to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
* to subdue
* to go down; to fall down
* to remain; to wait for
* to remove
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Tú yáng Yuè yuē: “Dàiwang shī guó, fēi chén zhī zuì, gù bùgǎn fú qí zhū; dàiwang fǎn guó, fēi chén zhī gōng, gù bùgǎn dāng qí shǎng.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* residence
* hottest days of summer
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
    Synonym: 雷 (léi) (Mandarin)
* (obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
* Short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”).
* Alternative form of 服
* a surname, Fu

#### Synonyms

* (to hide):
* 匿藏 (nìcáng)
* 埋
* 埋藏 (máicáng) (figuratively)
* 暗囥 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 暗藏 (àncáng)
* 潛藏 / 潜藏 (qiáncáng)
* 竄 / 窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 竄匿 / 窜匿 (cuànnì)
* 藏蹤 / 藏踪 (cángzōng)
* 藏身 (cángshēn)
* 藏躲 (cángduǒ)
* 覕囥 / 𰴕囥 (Hokkien)
* 走覕 / 走𰴕 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 走閃 / 走闪 (Min Nan)
* 躲藏 (duǒcáng)
* 躲避 (duǒbì)
* 逃 (táo)
* 逃僻 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 逃匿 (táonì)
* 迴避 / 回避 (huíbì)
* 逃避 (táobì)
* 避諱 / 避讳 (bìhuì) (colloquial)
* 閃覕 / 闪𰴕 (Min Nan)
* 隱秘 / 隐秘 (yǐnmì)
* 隱蔽 / 隐蔽 (yǐnbì)
* 隱藏 / 隐藏 (yǐncáng)
* 隱覕 / 隐𰴕 (ín-bih, ún-bih) (Min Nan)
* 隱避 / 隐避 (yǐnbì)
* (hottest days of summer): 伏天 (fútiān)

#### Compounds

* 下伏
* 三伏 (sānfú)
* 三伏天 (sānfútiān)
* 三伏潭 (Sānfútán)
* 不伏
* 不伏手
* 不伏水土
* 不伏燒埋 / 不伏烧埋
* 不伏老
* 不甘雌伏
* 中伏 (zhōngfú)
* 乞伏
* 二伏
* 伏下 (fúxià)
* 伏不是
* 伏乞
* 伏事 (fúshì)
* 伏伺
* 伏低
* 伏位
* 伏低做小
* 伏侍
* 伏兵 (fúbīng)
* 伏几
* 伏劍 / 伏剑
* 伏匿
* 伏善
* 伏地 (fúdì)
* 伏地扣子
* 伏地挺身 (fúdì tǐngshēn)
* 伏地聖人 / 伏地圣人
* 伏天 (fútiān)
* 伏尸
* 伏尸流血
* 伏屍 / 伏尸
* 伏席
* 伏惟 (fúwéi)
* 伏想
* 伏手
* 伏打電池 / 伏打电池
* 伏擊 / 伏击 (fújī)
* 伏日
* 伏旱
* 伏暑
* 伏望
* 伏枕
* 伏案 (fú'àn)
* 伏櫪 / 伏枥
* 伏櫪守株 / 伏枥守株
* 伏櫪老驥 / 伏枥老骥
* 伏死
* 伏氣 / 伏气
* 伏水
* 伏汛
* 伏法 (fúfǎ)
* 伏波
* 伏流 (fúliú)
* 伏特 (fútè)
* 伏特加 (fútèjiā)
* 伏特計 / 伏特计 (fútèjì)
* 伏犧 / 伏牺 (Fúxī)
* 伏犧氏 / 伏牺氏
* 伏狀 / 伏状
* 伏獵 / 伏猎
* 伏甲 (fújiǎ)
* 伏眾 / 伏众
* 伏礁
* 伏祈
* 伏禮 / 伏礼
* 伏竄 / 伏窜
* 伏筆 / 伏笔 (fúbǐ)
* 伏維尚饗 / 伏维尚飨
* 伏罪 (fúzuì)
* 伏羲 (Fúxī)
* 伏羲氏
* 伏翼
* 伏聞 / 伏闻
* 伏肉
* 伏臘 / 伏腊
* 伏莽
* 伏落
* 伏藏
* 伏虎擒龍 / 伏虎擒龙
* 伏虎降龍 / 伏虎降龙
* 伏行
* 伏見 / 伏见 (Fújiàn)
* 伏誅 / 伏诛 (fúzhū)
* 伏謁 / 伏谒
* 伏讀 / 伏读
* 伏貼 / 伏贴
* 伏路 (fúlù)
* 伏身
* 伏軍 / 伏军 (fújūn)
* 伏軾 / 伏轼
* 伏輸 / 伏输 (fúshū)
* 伏辯 / 伏辩
* 伏願 / 伏愿
* 伏首貼耳 / 伏首贴耳
* 伏魔大帝
* 伏龍鳳雛 / 伏龙凤雏
* 倒伏
* 俯伏 (fǔfú)
* 倚伏
* 倒心伏計 / 倒心伏计
* 做小伏低
* 入伏 (rùfú)
* 准伏
* 初伏
* 制伏 (zhìfú)
* 加伏特
* 匍伏 (púfú)
* 匿伏 (nìfú)
* 十面埋伏 (shímiànmáifú)
* 危機四伏 / 危机四伏 (wēijīsìfú)
* 四伏 (sìfú)
* 埋伏 (máifú)
* 報伏 / 报伏
* 塌伏
* 夜行晝伏 / 夜行昼伏
* 姦伏 / 奸伏
* 嫗伏 / 妪伏
* 安伏
* 帖伏
* 干伏
* 平伏
* 廋伏
* 待伏
* 心伏口伏
* 愆伏
* 慴伏 / 慑伏
* 所伏
* 扶伏 (púfú)
* 招伏
* 拱伏
* 按家伏業 / 按家伏业
* 搭伏
* 搭伏定
* 摘伏發隱 / 摘伏发隐
* 摘奸發伏
* 擒伏
* 擒奸摘伏
* 擒姦擿伏 / 擒奸擿伏
* 擿伏
* 擿奸發伏
* 攝伏 / 摄伏
* 收伏 (shōufú)
* 數伏 / 数伏 (shǔfú)
* 敵後伏擊 / 敌后伏击
* 於伏 / 于伏
* 晝伏 / 昼伏
* 晝伏夜出 / 昼伏夜出 (zhòufúyèchū)
* 晝伏夜游 / 昼伏夜游
* 暑伏
* 曉伏夜行 / 晓伏夜行
* 末伏
* 此起彼伏 (cǐqǐbǐfú)
* 歲時伏臘 / 岁时伏腊
* 水土不伏
* 沉伏
* 滯伏 / 滞伏
* 潛伏 / 潜伏 (qiánfú)
* 潛伏分子 / 潜伏分子
* 潛伏感染 / 潜伏感染
* 潛伏期 / 潜伏期 (qiánfúqī)
* 潛龍伏虎 / 潜龙伏虎
* 煦伏
* 狐憑鼠伏 / 狐凭鼠伏
* 狐潛鼠伏 / 狐潜鼠伏
* 獸伏 / 兽伏
* 甘伏
* 畫伏狀 / 画伏状
* 發奸擿伏
* 發姦擿伏 / 发奸擿伏
* 發擿姦伏 / 发擿奸伏
* 發隱擿伏 / 发隐擿伏
* 神欽鬼伏 / 神钦鬼伏
* 禍福倚伏 / 祸福倚伏
* 竄伏 / 窜伏
* 終伏 / 终伏
* 綿延起伏 / 绵延起伏
* 老驥伏櫪 / 老骥伏枥 (lǎojìfúlì)
* 蒲伏 (púfú)
* 蜷伏
* 蟄伏 / 蛰伏 (zhéfú)
* 觳觫伏罪
* 設伏 / 设伏
* 誘伏 / 诱伏
* 請伏 / 请伏
* 赤伏符
* 起伏 (qǐfú)
* 起伏不平
* 跧伏
* 跪伏 (guìfú)
* 踡伏
* 連綿起伏 / 连绵起伏
* 降伏 (xiángfú)
* 降龍伏虎 / 降龙伏虎
* 陰伏 / 阴伏
* 隱伏 / 隐伏
* 雌伏
* 頭伏 / 头伏
* 馴伏 / 驯伏
* 高低起伏
* 龍虎並伏 / 龙虎并伏

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fù (fu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fau$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fau$^6$
*** Yale: fauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: feo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐu̯²²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$bu
*** MiniDict: bu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$bu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²³/
* Middle Chinese: bjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 伏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 扶富切 |
| Baxter | bjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /biu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 伏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ək-s/ |
| English | hatch (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 伏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 3331 |
| Phonetic component | 伏 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 復 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯɡs/ |

##### Definitions

伏
* (archaic or dialectal) to hatch
    伏小雞／伏小鸡 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$bu $^5$shiau-ci [Wugniu] ― to hatch chicks

#### Compounds

* 伏卵
* 伏抱
* 伏雌
* 伏雞 / 伏鸡

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 復).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 負).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* prostrated
* bend down
* bow
* cover
* lay pipes

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぶく (buku)
* Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
* On: ふう (fū)
* Kun: ふす (fusu, 伏す, Jōyō)、ふせる (fuseru, 伏せる, Jōyō)、したがう (shitagau, 伏う)
* Nanori: ぶせ (buse)

## Korean
### Hanja

伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))
* hanja form of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”)
伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))
* hanja form of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.