# inferior
## English
### Alternative forms

* inferiour (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnferior (“lower in situation or place”), comparative of īnferus (“below, underneath”).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ĭnfîrēər
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɪnˈfɪə.ɹi.ə/
* (General American) IPA: /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪəɹiə(ɹ)

### Adjective

inferior (comparative more inferior, superlative most inferior)
* Lower in rank, status, or quality.
    Anna had always felt inferior to her brother due to poor school grades.
    The pathological liar was morally inferior to his much nicer constituents.
** 1700, [John] Dryden, “Preface”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:Whether they are equal or inferior to my other poems, an author is the most improper judge.
** Of low rank, standard or quality.
    an inferior officer
** (law) (of a court or tribunal) Susceptible to having its decisions overturned by a higher court.
** (economics) Denoting goods or services which are in greater demand during a recession than in a boom, for example second-hand clothes.
* Located below:
** (anatomy) Situated further below (another part of the body), a direction that in humans corresponds to caudad.
** (zoology) Situated in a relatively low posterior or ventral position in a quadrupedal body.
** (botany) Situated below some other organ (said of a calyx when free from the ovary, and therefore below it, or of an ovary with an adherent and therefore inferior calyx).
** (botany) On the side of a flower which is next to the bract.
    Synonym: anterior
** (typography) Printed in subscript.
    an inferior figure or letter
** (astronomy) Below the horizon.
    the inferior part of a meridian
* (astronomy) Nearer to the Sun than the Earth is.
    the inferior or interior planets
    an inferior conjunction of Mercury or Venus

#### Usage notes

Inferior and superior are generally followed by to; than is seen sometimes, but is viewed as wrong because than requires a grammatical comparative, not a notional one.

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:bad

#### Antonyms

* superior

#### Coordinate terms

* anterior
* apical
* apicocoronal
* axial
* buccal
* buccoapical
* buccocervical
* buccogingival
* buccolabial
* buccolingual
* bucco-occlusal
* buccopalatal
* cervical
* coronal
* coronoapical
* distal
* distoapical
* distobuccal
* distocclusal
* distocervical
* distoclusal
* distocoronal
* distofacial
* distogingival
* distoincisal
* distolingual
* disto-occlusal
* distopalatal
* facial
* gingival
* incisal
* incisocervical
* inferior
* labial
* lingual
* linguobuccal
* linguo-occlusal
* mandibular
* maxillary
* mesial
* mesioapical
* mesiobuccal
* mesiocclusal
* mesiocervical
* mesioclusal
* mesiocoronal
* mesiodistal
* mesiofacial
* mesiogingival
* mesioincisal
* mesiolingual
* mesio-occlusal
* mesiopalatal
* occlusal
* palatal
* posterior
* proximal
* superior
* vestibular

#### Derived terms

* anterior inferior cerebellar artery
* anteroinferior
* inferior alveolar artery
* inferior alveolar nerve
* inferior cervical ganglion
* inferior colliculus
* inferior concha
* inferior court
* inferior dental artery
* inferior ganglion
* inferior good
* inferiority
* inferiorize
* inferior laryngeal artery
* inferior laryngeal nerve
* inferiorly
* inferior mesenteric artery
* inferiormost
* inferior nasal concha
* inferiorness
* inferior oblique
* inferior oblique muscle
* inferior orbital fissure
* inferior petrosal sinus
* inferior pharyngeal constrictor
* inferior planet
* inferior rectus
* inferior sagittal sinus
* inferior thyroid artery
* inferior turbinate
* inferior turbinate bone
* inferior vena cava
* infero-
* lateroinferior
* noninferior
* obliquus oculi inferior
* Peover Inferior
* posterior inferior cerebellar artery
* posteroinferior
* superoinferior

#### Related terms

* Armenia Inferior
* limit inferior

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

inferior (plural inferiors)
* A person of lower rank, stature, or ability to another.
    Antonym: superior
    As you are my inferior, I can tell you to do anything I want.
* (printing) An inferior letter, figure, or symbol.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “inferior”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “inferior”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “inferior”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “inferior”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* fire iron, fireiron

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnferiōrem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [iɱ.fə.ɾiˈor]
* IPA: (Balearic) [iɱ.fə.ɾiˈo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [iɱ.fe.ɾiˈoɾ]

### Adjective

inferior m or f (masculine and feminine plural inferiors)
* inferior
* lower

#### Related terms

* inferioritat

### Further reading

* “inferior” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “inferior”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “inferior” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “inferior” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnferior (“lower, inferior”), the comparative of īnferus (“low, nether, underground”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

inferior (strong nominative masculine singular inferiorer, not comparable)
* subordinate, secondary
* (of people) inferior
    sich inferior fühlen ― to feel inferior
* substandard, bad

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “inferior” in Duden online
* “inferior” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /inˈfe.ri.or/, [ĩːˈfɛriɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /inˈfe.ri.or/, [iɱˈfɛːrior]

### Adjective

īnferior (comparative, neuter īnferius); third declension
* comparative degree of īnferus; lower in situation or place
    Antonym: superior
** subsequent, later, latter in time or succession
** inferior or lower in quality, rank, or number
    Synonym: subterior
*** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.861–862:et quotiēns steterīs domitō sublīmis in orbe, omnia sint numerīs īnferiōra tuīs.And whenever you will stand exalted for having conquered the world, may everything be lower than your shoulders! (The poet foretells the eventual dominion of the Roman Empire now that Romulus has founded the city of Rome.)

#### Inflection

Third-declension comparative adjective.

#### Related terms

* īnfimus (superlative)

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: inferior
* → English: inferior
* → French: inférieur
* → Galician: inferior
* → Italian: inferiore
* → Occitan: inferior
* → Portuguese: inferior
* → Spanish: inferior

### References

* “inferior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “inferior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* inferior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. later writers: scriptores aetate posteriores or inferiores to gain a weak case by clever pleading: causam inferiorem dicendo reddere superiorem (λόγον κρείττω ποιειν) (Brut. 8. 30) to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin īnferior.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Adjective

inferior m (feminine singular inferiora, masculine plural inferiors, feminine plural inferioras)
* inferior
* lower

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnferiōrem.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.fe.ɾiˈoʁ/ [ĩ.fe.ɾɪˈoh], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.feˈɾjoʁ/ [ĩ.feˈɾjoh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.fe.ɾiˈoʁ/ [ĩ.fe.ɾɪˈoh], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.feˈɾjoʁ/ [ĩ.feˈɾjoh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ĩ.fe.ɾiˈoɾ/ [ĩ.fe.ɾɪˈoɾ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.feˈɾjoɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ĩ.fe.ɾiˈoʁ/ [ĩ.fe.ɾɪˈoχ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.feˈɾjoʁ/ [ĩ.feˈɾjoχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.fe.ɾiˈoɻ/ [ĩ.fe.ɾɪˈoɻ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.feˈɾjoɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.fɨˈɾjoɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.fɨˈɾjoɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.fɨˈɾjo.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: in‧fe‧ri‧or

### Adjective

inferior m or f (plural inferiores)
* inferior
    Antonym: superior

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French inférieur, from Latin inferior.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌin.fe.riˈor/

### Adjective

inferior m or n (feminine singular inferioară, masculine plural inferiori, feminine and neuter plural inferioare)
* inferior
    Antonym: superior

#### Related terms

* inferioritate

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin īnferior.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /infeˈɾjoɾ/ [ĩɱ.feˈɾjoɾ]
* Rhymes: -oɾ
* Syllabification: in‧fe‧rior

### Adjective

inferior m or f (masculine and feminine plural inferiores)
* inferior (of lower quality)
* inferior (of lower rank)
* inferior; lower (below)
** 20 August 2023, Jordi Quixano, “España se hace inmortal con la conquista de su primer Mundial femenino”, in El País‎:España derribó la puerta de la eternidad para hacerse inmortal, para ponerse el laurel de oro y diamantes, para significarse al fin como la mejor del mundo, cosa que llevaba años haciendo en las categorías inferiores.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Antonyms

* superior

#### Derived terms

* anteroinferior
* inferiormente
* límite inferior
* parte inferior
* paso inferior
* posteroinferior
* vena cava inferior

#### Related terms

* inferioridad

### Further reading

* “inferior”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10