# belladonna
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (altered by folk etymology: bella donna (“beautiful lady”)) from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), of Gaulish origin. The folk etymology was motivated by the cosmetic use of nightshade for dilating the eyes.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˌbɛləˈdɑnə/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌbɛləˈdɒnə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒnə

### Noun

belladonna (countable and uncountable, plural belladonnas)
* A plant, Atropa belladonna, having purple bell-shaped flowers and poisonous black glossy berries.
** 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:Witches always anointed themselves with ointments before departing up the chimney to their Sabbaths. One such ointment was composed of Aconite, Belladonna, Water Parsley, Cinquefoil and Babies' Fat.
* An alkaloid extracted from this plant, sometimes used medicinally, containing atropine.
** 1976 December 11, Tommi Avicolli, “The Middle Ages: Lest We Forget...”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 24, page 11:The elderly women who practiced herbalism and administered belladonna (a pain killer) to pregnant women were apt to be accused of witchcraft. The Medieval church was against the administration of belladonna because they believed women were meant to suffer pain in childbirth as a result of Eve's sin.
** 2005 June 13, Edmund White, “My Women: Learning how to love them.”, in The New Yorker:Cathy teetered downstairs on very high heels, her hair swept up in a disintegrating “brioche”, her eyes glistening with belladonna drops.

#### Synonyms

Wikispecies
* (Atropa belladonna): deadly nightshade

#### Derived terms

* belladonna lily
* belladonnized, belladonized
* Belladonna mottle virus

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (bella donna, literally “beautiful lady”), altered by folk etymology from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌbɛ.laːˈdɔ.naː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bel‧la‧don‧na

### Noun

belladonna f or m (plural belladonna's, diminutive belladonnaatje n)
* Synonym of wolfskers (“deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)”)

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (bella donna, literally “beautiful lady”), altered by folk etymology from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbelːɑdonːɑ/, [ˈbe̞lːɑ̝ˌdo̞nːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -onːɑ
* Hyphenation: bel‧la‧don‧na

### Noun

belladonna
* belladonna, deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of belladonna (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
belladonnani
belladonnani
accusative
nom.
belladonnani
belladonnani
gen.
belladonnani
genitive
belladonnani
belladonnieni belladonnaini $^{rare}$
partitive
belladonnaani
belladonniani
inessive
belladonnassani
belladonnissani
elative
belladonnastani
belladonnistani
illative
belladonnaani
belladonniini
adessive
belladonnallani
belladonnillani
ablative
belladonnaltani
belladonniltani
allative
belladonnalleni
belladonnilleni
essive
belladonnanani
belladonninani
translative
belladonnakseni
belladonnikseni
abessive
belladonnattani
belladonnittani
instructive
comitative
—belladonnineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
belladonnasi
belladonnasi
accusative
nom.
belladonnasi
belladonnasi
gen.
belladonnasi
genitive
belladonnasi
belladonniesi belladonnaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
belladonnaasi
belladonniasi
inessive
belladonnassasi
belladonnissasi
elative
belladonnastasi
belladonnistasi
illative
belladonnaasi
belladonniisi
adessive
belladonnallasi
belladonnillasi
ablative
belladonnaltasi
belladonniltasi
allative
belladonnallesi
belladonnillesi
essive
belladonnanasi
belladonninasi
translative
belladonnaksesi
belladonniksesi
abessive
belladonnattasi
belladonnittasi
instructive
comitative
—belladonninesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
belladonnamme
belladonnamme
accusative
nom.
belladonnamme
belladonnamme
gen.
belladonnamme
genitive
belladonnamme
belladonniemme belladonnaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
belladonnaamme
belladonniamme
inessive
belladonnassamme
belladonnissamme
elative
belladonnastamme
belladonnistamme
illative
belladonnaamme
belladonniimme
adessive
belladonnallamme
belladonnillamme
ablative
belladonnaltamme
belladonniltamme
allative
belladonnallemme
belladonnillemme
essive
belladonnanamme
belladonninamme
translative
belladonnaksemme
belladonniksemme
abessive
belladonnattamme
belladonnittamme
instructive
comitative
—belladonninemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
belladonnanne
belladonnanne
accusative
nom.
belladonnanne
belladonnanne
gen.
belladonnanne
genitive
belladonnanne
belladonnienne belladonnainne $^{rare}$
partitive
belladonnaanne
belladonnianne
inessive
belladonnassanne
belladonnissanne
elative
belladonnastanne
belladonnistanne
illative
belladonnaanne
belladonniinne
adessive
belladonnallanne
belladonnillanne
ablative
belladonnaltanne
belladonniltanne
allative
belladonnallenne
belladonnillenne
essive
belladonnananne
belladonninanne
translative
belladonnaksenne
belladonniksenne
abessive
belladonnattanne
belladonnittanne
instructive
comitative
—belladonninenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
belladonnansa
belladonnansa
accusative
nom.
belladonnansa
belladonnansa
gen.
belladonnansa
genitive
belladonnansa
belladonniensa belladonnainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
belladonnaansa
belladonniaan belladonniansa
inessive
belladonnassaan belladonnassansa
belladonnissaan belladonnissansa
elative
belladonnastaan belladonnastansa
belladonnistaan belladonnistansa
illative
belladonnaansa
belladonniinsa
adessive
belladonnallaan belladonnallansa
belladonnillaan belladonnillansa
ablative
belladonnaltaan belladonnaltansa
belladonniltaan belladonniltansa
allative
belladonnalleen belladonnallensa
belladonnilleen belladonnillensa
essive
belladonnanaan belladonnanansa
belladonninaan belladonninansa
translative
belladonnakseen belladonnaksensa
belladonnikseen belladonniksensa
abessive
belladonnattaan belladonnattansa
belladonnittaan belladonnittansa
instructive
comitative
—belladonnineen belladonninensa :

#### Synonyms

* myrkkykoiso
* lemmonmarja

### Further reading

* “belladonna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Italian
### Etymology

Interpreted by folk etymology as bella (“beautiful”) +‎ donna (“lady”), from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌbɛl.laˈdɔn.na/
* Rhymes: -ɔnna
* Hyphenation: bel‧la‧dòn‧na

### Noun

belladonna f (plural belledonne)
* deadly nightshade, belladonna (Atropa belladonna)

### References

* ↑ belladonna in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (bella donna, literally “beautiful lady”), altered by folk etymology from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /bel.laˈdon.na/, [bɛlːʲäˈd̪ɔnːä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /bel.laˈdon.na/, [belːäˈd̪ɔnːä]

### Noun

belladonna f (genitive belladonnae); first declension
* (New Latin) belladonna (Atropa belladonna)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* solānum

#### Descendants

* Aecidium belladonnae
* Amaryllis belladonna
* Amphisphaeria belladonnae
* Aspila belladonna
* Atropa belladonna
* Boberella belladonna
* Coburgia belladonna
* Delias belladonna
* Delphinium belladonna
* Hamadryas belladonna
* Leopoldia belladonna
* Lestes belladonna
* Lilium belladonna
* Mycosphaerella belladonnae
* Naevia belladonnae
* Pauia belladonna
* Ploettnera belladonnae
* Sphaerella belladonnae
* Trematosphaeria belladonnae

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian belladonna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛl.laˈdɔn.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnna
* Syllabification: bel‧la‧don‧na

### Noun

belladonna f
* (literary) Alternative form of belladona

#### Declension
### Further reading

* belladonna in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* belladonna in Polish dictionaries at PWN