# դդում
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* դնդում (dndum) — dialectal

### Etymology

From Old Armenian դդում (ddum).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /dəˈtʰum/, [dətʰúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /təˈtum/, [tʰətʰúm]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

դդում • (ddum)
* gourd, Cucurbita
* (figuratively) dumb person, dummy, fool

#### Derived terms

* դդմագլուխ (ddmaglux)
* դդմազգիներ (ddmazginer)
* դդմախյուս (ddmaxyus)
* դդմակ (ddmak)
* դդմանման (ddmanman)
* դդմե (ddme)
* դդմել (ddmel)
* դդմեցնել (ddmecʻnel)
* դդմիկ (ddmik)
* դդշամշփոթ (ddšamšpʻotʻ)

#### Descendants

* Lomavren: dətum

### References

* ↑ Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “դդում”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 267, page 25

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

A loanword of unknown origin. Romani dudum (“gourd”) is usually treated as an Armenian borrowing, but it may be independently borrowed from the same source. Has been compared to Akkadian 𒁺𒊌𒁺𒈬 (du-uk-du-mu /⁠dukdumu, dugdumu⁠/, “an unknown plant”), Hebrew דוּדָאִים (ḏūḏāʾīm, “mandrake”) and Sanskrit दुर्द्रुम (durdruma), दुद्रुम (dudruma, “green onion”), दुन्दम (dundama, “drum”). Note also the Indo-Aryan families of Sanskrit दुग्धिका (dugdhikā, “sort of Asclepias or Oxystelma esculentum”), दुग्धिन् (dugdhin, “milky”), and तुम्ब (tumba, “the gourd Lagenaria vulgaris”), in which many similar words are found referring to various types of gourds, including Marathi दुधीण (dudhīṇ), Hindi दूधी (dūdhī, “bottle gourd”) (→ English dudhi).

### Noun

դդում • (ddum)
* gourd, Lagenaria
** Ephrem the Syrian, Yayn čaṙēn or vasn erašti ew vašxaṙuacʻ [Homily on Draught and Usurers] :Իսկ ՚ի գիջոյն և ՚ի թեթևէն՝ որ ըստ մասանց ջերմին է, պրաս․ իսկ հողանման ջերմ կաղամբ և այլ ա՟մ կծու․ իսկ թեթևագոյնսն ՚ի դդումսն և ՚ի սեխս և ՚ի մեղրապոպս։Isk ’i giǰoyn ew ’i tʻetʻewēn, or əst masancʻ ǰermin ē, pras; isk hołanman ǰerm kałamb ew ayl a.m kcu; isk tʻetʻewagoynsn ’i ddumsn ew ’i sexs ew ’i mełrapops.
* a hollowed out gourd as a water container

#### Derived terms

* դդմեայ (ddmeay)
* դդմենի (ddmeni)
* դդմոց (ddmocʻ)
* դդում դառն (ddum daṙn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: դդում (ddum), դնդում (dndum) — dialectal
** Lomavren: dətum
* → Romani: dudum

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “դդում”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 644ab
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 936
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 138
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 467
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “դդում”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 191a
* ↑ Sampson, John (1926) “dudum”, in The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 92a
* ↑ Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870) “dudum”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 216
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dugdhikā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dugdhin”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tumba”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* ↑ Epʻrem Xori Asori (1836) Srboyn Epʻremi matenagrutʻiwnkʻ. Hator čʻorrord. Čaṙkʻ ew ałōtʻkʻ [Collected works of Ephrem the Syrian. Volume IV: Homilies and Prayers] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 204–205

### Further reading

* Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “դդում”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 573, page 142
* Awgerean, Mkrtičʻ, Čēlalean, Grigor (1865) “դդում”, in Aṙjeṙn baṙaran haykaznean lezui [Pocket Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 238a
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “դդում”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 607b
* J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837) “դդում”, in Baṙgirkʻ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 401b
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2000) “դդում”, in G. B. Tʻosunean, editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 358a
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “դդում”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 137b
* Seidel, Ernst (1908) Mechithar’s, des Meisterarztes aus Her, ‘Trost bei Fiebern’: nach dem Venediger Druck vom Jahre 1832 zum ersten Male aus dem Mittelarmenischen übersetzt und erläutert (in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, § 36, page 121