# 丘

| 丘 | U+4E18, &#19992; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18 |
| ← 丗 [U+4E17] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 丙 → [U+4E19] |

## Translingual
### Han character

丘 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人一 (OM), four-corner 7210$_1$, composition ⿱斤一)
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №293

#### Derived characters

* 𠰋, 坵, 㚱, 岴, 拞, 㳋, 𬮾, 𪯫, 𪲀, 𣧭, 𥙂, 𪽽, 𥅔, 䂡, 𥿤, 𮎈, 蚯, 𡲌, 𧣜, 𧦺, 𧲰, 𧻁, 䟬, 𨈬, 𫒒, 𬰘, 𩚨, 駈, 𩨼, 𪖛
* 𪟘, 邱, 𣢥, 屔, 𫠴, 𮨆, 𣉠, 𫘶, 𩿨, 𠇯, 𡘄, 𡶦, 𢇹, 茊, 𤵢, 𠤢, 𡙅, 𥬨, 𧟬, 虗, 𩬡, 𦦛, 乒, 乓, 兵, 𠔊, 𡊣, 岳, 𠬿, 𨚬

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: 一部/四畫 on the Chinese Wikisource.
* Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33
* Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 17, character 1
* Unihan data for U+4E18

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丘 :
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj19598j19599j19600j19601j19602j19603j19604j19605j19606j19607j19608j19609j19610j19611j19612j19613j19614j19615j19616j19618j19619j19620j19621j19622j19623Bronze inscriptionsb12629b12630b12631b12632b12633Small seal scripts05951s05952Transcribed ancient scriptsL11667L11668L11669L11670L11671L11672L11673L11674L11675L11676L11677L11678L11679L11680L11665L11666 ||||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 丘 | *kʰʷɯ |
| 邱 | *kʰʷɯ |
| 蚯 | *kʰʷɯ |
| 丠 | *kʰʷɯ |
Ideogram (指事) – hill. Earlier form closer to 丠, as in 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). Compare 山. Unrelated to 兵 and 斤.

### Etymology 1

Wang (1982) relates this word to 墟 (xū) "ruin-mound". However, Schuessler (2007) disagrees.
Schuessler considers two homophones 丘, "hill, mound" and 丘 "village, district" to be the same word as settlements were often built on elevated grounds (for a parallel see 京 (jīng)) and traces this word's etymology to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”); within Sinitic, 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) is cognate with 里 (OC *rɯʔ) "village" and 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), and Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiū (qiu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qiu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hiû
    (Hailu, HRS): hiu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiu$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): kiú
* Eastern Min (BUC): kŭ / kiŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ku$^1$ / kiu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khu / khiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ku$^1$ / kiu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiu$^1$
*** Yale: chyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
*** Palladius: цю (cju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$
*** Yale: yāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiu⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiú
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kŭ / kiŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu⁵⁵/, /kʰieu⁵⁵/
* kŭ - vernacular;
* kiŭ - literary (incl. surname).
* Middle Chinese: khjuw
Rime :
| Character | 丘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去鳩切 |
| Baxter | khjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuw/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiu/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 丘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷʰə/ |
| English | hill, mound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 丘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10523 |
| Phonetic component | 丘 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 丘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷɯ/ |

#### Definitions

丘
* mound; hill
    山丘 ― shānqiū ― hill
    沙丘 ― shāqiū ― dune
* grave
* to place a coffin in a temporary shelter pending burial
* (dialectal) Classifier for fields: plot
* (obsolete) ruins
* (obsolete) empty
* a surname
    丘成桐 [Cantonese] ― jau$^1$ sing$^4$ tung$^4$ [Jyutping] ― Shing-Tung Yau (mathematician)

#### Usage notes

See 邱 (qiū).

##### See also

* (hills): 山 (shān)

#### Compounds

* 一丘一壑
* 一丘之貉 (yīqiūzhīhé)
* 下視丘 / 下视丘 (xiàshìqiū)
* 丘中有麻
* 丘井
* 丘八 (qiūbā)
* 丘園 / 丘园
* 丘堡 (qiūbǎo)
* 丘墓
* 丘墳 / 丘坟
* 丘墟 (qiūxū)
* 丘壑 (qiūhè)
* 丘壟 / 丘垄
* 丘嫂
* 丘山
* 丘木
* 丘林 (Qiūlín)
* 丘疹 (qiūzhěn)
* 丘腦 / 丘脑 (qiūnǎo)
* 丘陵 (qiūlíng)
* 丘隴 / 丘陇
* 丹丘
* 九丘
* 五比丘
* 介丘
* 八索九丘
* 員丘山 / 员丘山
* 商丘 (Shāngqiū)
* 圓丘 / 圆丘
* 圜丘
* 土丘 (tǔqiū)
* 太丘道廣 / 太丘道广
* 如丘而止
* 宛丘
* 宗廟丘墟 / 宗庙丘墟
* 寢丘之志 / 寝丘之志
* 山丘 (shānqiū)
* 島狀丘陵 / 岛状丘陵
* 左丘 (Zuǒqiū)
* 巴丘
* 恥丘 / 耻丘
* 恩重丘山
* 放情丘壑
* 旄丘
* 曹丘
* 松丘
* 梧丘之魂
* 比丘 (bǐqiū)
* 比丘尼 (bǐqiūní)
* 沙丘 (shāqiū)
* 泌丘
* 溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
* 炎丘
* 狐丘之誡 / 狐丘之诫
* 狐死首丘
* 畝丘 / 亩丘
* 皖南丘陵
* 皮諾丘 / 皮诺丘
* 砂丘
* 視丘 / 视丘
* 穹丘 (qióngqiū)
* 糟丘
* 胸有丘壑
* 膠東丘陵 / 胶东丘陵
* 華屋丘墟 / 华屋丘墟
* 華屋山丘 / 华屋山丘
* 虎丘
* 融丘
* 資丘 / 资丘 (Zīqiū)
* 赫丘利斯
* 陵丘
* 零落山丘
* 青丘 (Qīngqiū)
* 首丘
* 首丘之念
* 首丘之思
* 首丘之情
* 首丘之望
* 首丘夙願 / 首丘夙愿
* 麥丘老人 / 麦丘老人
* 黎丘丈人
* 鼻丘

#### Pronunciation 2

Since Song dynasty, this character may be read as 某 (mǒu) to prevent mentioning name of Confucius.
* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǒu (mou$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄡˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǒu
*** Wade–Giles: mou$^3$
*** Yale: mǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moou
*** Palladius: моу (mou)
*** Sinological IPA : /moʊ̯²¹⁴/

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 兵 (“weapon; army; troops; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 兵).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 蚯 (“earthworm”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚯).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: おか (oka, 丘, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 丘(きゅう)上(じょう) (kyūjō)
* 丘(きゅう)疹(しん) (kyūshin)
* 丘(おか)辺(べ) (okabe)
* 丘(きゅう)陵(りょう) (kyūryō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 丘
* おか Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry. :
| 【おか】 | [noun] hill [proper noun] a surname Alternative spelling 岡 |
(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 丘
* つかさ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry. :
| 【つかさ】 | [noun] 阜, 丘: a small hill Alternative spelling 阜 |
(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 㐀

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 丘 (MC khjuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 丘 (eumhun 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“small hill”)

#### Compounds

* 고구 (古丘, gogu)
* 고구 (故丘, gogu)
* 고구 (高丘, gogu)
* 공구 (孔丘, Gonggu)
* 구강 (丘岡, gugang)
* 구롱 (丘壟, gurong)
* 구릉 (丘陵, gureung)
* 구리지언 (丘里之言, gurijieon)
* 구목 (丘木, gumok)
* 구묘 (丘墓, gumyo)
* 구민 (丘民, gumin)
* 구부 (丘阜, gubu)
* 구분 (丘墳, gubun)
* 구사 (丘史, gusa)
* 구산 (丘山, gusan)
* 구수 (丘嫂, gusu)
* 구수 (丘首, gusu)
* 구언 (丘言, gueon)
* 구우 (丘隅, guu)
* 구원 (丘園, guwon)
* 구정 (丘亭, gujeong)
* 구진 (丘疹, gujin)
* 구질 (丘垤, gujil)
* 구총 (丘冢, guchong)
* 구판 (丘坂, gupan)
* 구학 (丘壑, guhak)
* 구허 (丘墟, guheo)
* 능구 (陵丘, neunggu)
* 단구 (丹丘, dan'gu)
* 비구 (比丘, bigu)
* 비구니 (比丘尼, biguni)
* 사구 (沙丘, sagu)
* 상구 (上丘, sanggu)
* 소구 (小丘, sogu)
* 수정구 (受精丘, sujeonggu)
* 아구 (阿丘, agu)
* 연구/련구 (連丘, yeon'gu/ryeon'gu)
* 원구 (圜丘/圓丘, won'gu)
* 이구/니구 (泥丘, igu/nigu)
* 일구지학 (一丘之貉, ilgujihak)
* 잔구 (殘丘, jan'gu)
* 잠구 (潛丘, jamgu)
* 청구 (靑丘, cheonggu)
* 치구 (恥丘, chigu)
* 파구 (波丘, pagu)
* 하구 (下丘, hagu)
* 해구 (海丘, haegu)
* 화구 (火丘, hwagu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Kunigami
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ふぁーい (fāi, 丘)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 丘(おか) (oka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɸaːi/

### Noun

丘(ふぁーい) (fāi)
* hill

## Vietnamese
### Han character

丘: Hán Việt readings: khiêu, khâu, khưu
丘: Nôm readings: khâu, kheo, khưu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation