# 小禮
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎolǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^2$ lai$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎolǐ [Phonetic: xiáolǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎolǐ
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-li$^3$
*** Yale: syǎu-lǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaulii
*** Palladius: сяоли (sjaoli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ lai$^5$
*** Yale: síu láih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ lai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ lei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ lɐi̯¹³/
* Middle Chinese: sjewX lejX
Rime :
| Character | 小 | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 盧啓切 |
| Baxter | sjewX | lejX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu$^X$/ | /lei$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu$^X$/ | /lei$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu$^X$/ | /lɛi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw$^X$/ | /lɛj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu$^X$/ | /lei$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu$^X$/ | /liei$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu$^X$/ | /liei$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎo | lǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^2$ | lai$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ [r]ˤijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ riːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 小 | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎo | lǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew$^X$ › | ‹ lej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ewʔ/ | /*[r]ˁijʔ/ |
| English | small | propriety, ceremony |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 小 | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13705 | 7839 |
| Phonetic component | 小 | 豊 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 小 | 禮 |
| Old Chinese | /*smewʔ/ | /*riːʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字 | |

#### Noun

小禮
* (Classical) a kind of ritual performed during a sacrifice
* (Classical) minor rites
* (literary) additional gift

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): siēu-lā̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^3$ le$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siáu-lé / siáu-lóe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siou$^2$ li$^2$ / siao$^2$ li$^2$
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siēu-lā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu³³⁻³⁵ l̃ɛ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^3$ le$^3$ [Phonetic: sieo$^5$ le$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sâ̤u-lâ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ le⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^3$ le$^3$ [Phonetic: sieo$^5$ le$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu³³²⁻²¹ le³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^3$ le$^3$ [Phonetic: sieo$^5$ e$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sâ̤u-lâ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(l-)}$e⁴⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-lé
*** Tâi-lô: siáu-lé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siawlea
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-lóe
*** Tâi-lô: siáu-lué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siawloea
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siou$^2$ li$^2$ / siao$^2$ li$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sióu lí / siáu lí
*** Sinological IPA : /siou⁵²⁻³⁵ li⁵²/, /siau⁵²⁻³⁵ li⁵²⁻²¹/
* siou2 li2 - Chaozhou;
* siao2 li2 - Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak.

#### Verb

小禮
* (Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Teochew) to be embarrassed; to be shy
* (Eastern Min) to embarrass
* (Eastern Min, Puxian Min) to be ashamed
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to blush (due to embarrassment)

##### Synonyms

* (to be shy):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 害羞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 害臊, 靦腆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 害羞, 靦腆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 害羞, 害臊, 靦片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 害羞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 害羞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 害臊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 害臊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 害臊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 害臊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 害羞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 害臊, 靦腆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 害臊 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 害羞 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 害臊, 害淡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 害淡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 害怪 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 嫌寒磣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 害羞, 怕拐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 害羞, 羞, 害臊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 害羞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 害羞, 害孬, 怕孬, 不好意思 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 怕人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 害羞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 害羞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 害臊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 怕羞, 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 害羞, 怕羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 怕羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 害羞, 怕羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 怕羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 怕羞, 臉皮薄, 不好意思 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 害羞, 害臊, 怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 害羞, 害燥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 怕羞, 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 害羞, 出不倒井兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 傖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 害羞, 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 害羞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 怕醜, 難為情 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 害臊, 怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 害羞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 怕羞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 怕醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 怕醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 怕醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情, 不好意思 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 害羞, 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 怕醜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 著羞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 怕羞, 畏羞 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 怕醜 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 畏羞 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 畏羞 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 怕醜 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 怕醜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 驚見笑 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 怕羞, 怕難為情 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 害羞, 羞 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Jin | Datong | 出羞 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 羞 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 害羞, 怕羞 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 害瞅 |
| Jin | Linhe | 害羞, 羞 |
| Jin | Jining | 害羞 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 害羞 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 害羞 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 害羞 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 害羞, 害臊 |
| Jin | Handan | 害羞 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 害羞 |
| Jin | Suide | 老邁 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伓好意思 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 見笑, 驚見笑, 歹勢, 驚歹勢, 畏小禮, 畏小人, 閉思, 覕䟙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 見笑, 驚見笑, 歹勢, 驚歹勢, 閉思 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 見笑, 驚見笑, 䆀勢, 驚䆀勢, 無藝, 驚無藝, 畏小禮, 閉思 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 小禮, 畏小禮 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 小禮, 畏小禮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 細禮 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 驚畏醜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 難為情 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 難為情, 怕難為情 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 得人憎 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 怕醜 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 怕醜 |
* (to blush):
* 發紅 / 发红 (fāhóng)
* 羞赧 (xiūnǎn) (literary, due to embarrassment)
* 臉紅 / 脸红 (liǎnhóng)
* 赧顏 / 赧颜 (nǎnyán) (literary, due to embarrassment)
* 酡顏 / 酡颜 (to get drunk)

##### Derived terms

* 小禮草 / 小礼草
* 畏小禮 / 畏小礼

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “羞禮”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “羞礼”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 489.