# ἴσος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἶσος (îsos), ἐΐση (eḯsē) — Epic
* ϝίσϝος (wíswos) — Cretan, Arcadocypriot

### Etymology

Of disputed origin:
* The Cretan and Arcadocypriot forms suggest Proto-Hellenic *wíswos, perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“to separate”). In this case, compare Vedic Sanskrit विश्व (viśva, “all, every; whole, entire, universal”), Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all; village”) and English with. Beekes rejects this derivation, as the Indo-European affix *-su- was apparently not retained in Greek.
* From an earlier *witˢwos, apparently from a zero-grade formation *ϝιδσ- related to εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, know”).
* According to Meillet, from δύω (dúō, “two”) + a thematization of a suffix -τυ- (-tu-). This is semantically appealing and phonetically sound, but noticeably contrived.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /í.sos/ → /ˈi.sos/ → /ˈi.sos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /í.sos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈi.sos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈi.sos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈi.sos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.sos/

### Adjective

ῐ̓́σος • (ĭ́sos) m (feminine ῐ̓́ση, neuter ῐ̓́σον); first/second declension
* (of size, strength, or number) equal (to), equivalent (to), consistent (to), agreement (to), the same as [with dative ‘something, someone’]
** (of appearance) like [with dative ‘something, someone’]
** (with implied reference point) like, similar
** (with pronoun) like someone's x
** repeated to denote relationship between equal persons or things
    ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα ― ísa pròs ísa ― tit for tat
* (not comparable, mathematics) equal to [with dative ‘a number’]; (in the plural) equal (to each other)
* (not comparable, geometry, of lines) of equal length; (of shapes) congruent; of equal area
* just, fair
** (comparable, politics) equal in rights, based on equality of rights
** (of persons) impartial
** neuter plural τὰ ἴσα (tà ísa) as substantive: equal rights, equality
* (rare) adequate
* (of land) even, level, flat
** neuter singular (τὸ) ἴσον ((tò) íson) as substantive: level ground
    εἰς τὸ ἴσονeis tò íson(on)to level ground
* ὡς ἰσαίτατα (hōs isaítata): as equally as possible
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians :τοὺς δ’ ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας διανεῖμαι σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τέτταρα μέρη ὡς ἰσαίταταtoùs d’ hekatòn ándras dianeîmai sphâs te autoùs kaì toùs állous téttara mérē hōs isaítatafor the Hundred Men to divide themselves and the others into four divisions as equally as possible
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 5.744c:τὰς τιμάς τε καὶ ἀρχὰς ὡς ἰσαίτατα τῷ ἀνίσῳ συμμέτρῳ δὲ ἀπολαμβάνοντεςtàs timás te kaì arkhàs hōs isaítata tôi anísōi summétrōi dè apolambánontesreceiving honors and offices as equally as possible by the rule of symmetrical inequality

#### Synonyms

* (same): αὐτός (autós), ὁμός (homós)

#### Derived terms

* ἄνισος (ánisos)
* Ἰσαγόρας (Isagóras)
* ἰσοδαίμων (isodaímōn)
* ἰσοδίαιτος (isodíaitos)
* ἰσοδῠ́νᾰμος (isodŭ́nămos)
* ἰσόθεος (isótheos)
* Ἰσοκράτης (Isokrátēs)
* ἰσοκρᾰτής (isokrătḗs)
* ἰσόπῠρον (isópŭron)
* ἰσότης (isótēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ίσος (ísos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴσος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 600-1

### Further reading

* “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἴσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* “ἴσος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2470 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. analogous idem, page 28.commensurate idem, page 147.corresponding idem, page 176.disinterested idem, page 234.equal idem, page 280.equitable idem, page 280.equivalent to idem, page 281.even idem, page 284.fair idem, page 302.honest idem, page 404.impartial idem, page 419.just idem, page 466.level idem, page 486.like idem, page 491.parallel idem, page 591.right idem, page 714.similar idem, page 776.unbiassed idem, page 908.unprejudiced idem, page 927.upright idem, page 938.