# process
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin prōcessus (“course, progression”), nominalization of prōcēdō (“proceed, advance”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: prōʹsĕs, IPA: /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American) enPR: prŏʹsĕs, IPA: /ˈpɹɑsɛs/, /-əs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Canada, rarely US) enPR: prōʹsĕs, IPA: /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/, /-əs/ (noun only, the verb is pronounced as in the US)
* Hyphenation: pro‧cess

#### Noun

process (plural processes)
* A series of events leading to a result or product.
    This product of last month's quality standards committee is quite good, even though the process was flawed.
** 2011 September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2-0 Man City”, in BBC Sport:But they came up against an impressive force in Bayern, who extended their run to 10 wins on the trot, having scored 28 goals in the process and conceding none.
** 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:Yet in “Through a Latte, Darkly”, a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain, Edward Kleinbard […] shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate what he calls “stateless income”: […] In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.
** 2019 October, John Glover, “Heathrow rail expansion”, in Modern Railways, page 73:For each of the schemes discussed, there is the four-stage process of planning, funding, delivery and operations, in which the various parties involved might be the lead, a partner or an influencer.
* (manufacturing) The set of procedures used in the manufacture of a product, especially in the food and chemical industries.
** 1960, Mack Tyner, Process Engineering Calculations: Material and Energy Balances – Ordinarily a process plant will use a steam boiler to supply its process heat requirements and to drive a steam-turbine generator.
** 1987, J. R. Richards, Principles of control system design in Modelling and control of fermentation processes – The words plant or process infer generally any dynamic system, be it primarily mechanical, electrical, or chemical process in nature, and may extend also to include social or economic systems.
* A path or succession of states through which a system passes.
** 2012 January, Robert L. Dorit, “Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 14 November 2012, page 23:We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.
* (biology) Successive physiological responses to keep or restore health.
* (law) Documents issued by a court in the course of a lawsuit or action at law, such as a summons, mandate, or writ.
** 1711, John Spotiswood, The Form of Process‎, section 39:But if either at Calling by the Clerk, after the Session Bell, or before the Ordinary by the Roll, an Advocat compears, and craves to be Marked for the Defender, and to see the Process; The Clerk in the first Case, and the Judge in the second, will allow him to see it
* (anatomy) An outgrowth of tissue arising above a surface, such as might form part of a joint or the attachment point for a muscle.
* (computing) An executable task or program.
* The centre mark that players aim at in the game of squails.

##### Hyponyms

* Augustin process
* Bell-Krupp process
* Bell process
* Bergius process
* Bernoulli process
* Bessemer process
* Bethell process
* Birkeland-Eyde process
* Breit-Wheeler process
* Charmat process
* Chinese restaurant process
* Chorleywood process
* Deacon process
* Downs' process
* Downs process
* Hawkes process
* jump process
* Lincoln County process
* Mannheim process
* Markov renewal process
* Pattinson process
* Poisson process
* probabilistic process
* probability process
* random process
* Unified Process
* Unified Software Development Process
* Ziervogel process

##### Derived terms

* abuse of process
* acrocoracoid process
* alveolar process
* ammonia process
* background process
* barrel process
* basic process
* batch process
* bodily process
* Bower-Barff process
* branching process
* carbon process
* Castner process
* cazo process
* ciliary process
* clinoid process
* cold rain process
* contact process
* coracoid process
* coronoid process
* cross-process
* cryo-process
* cryo process
* cumene process
* cyanide process
* Czochralski process
* Deacon's process
* Dongola process
* Dow process
* due process
* due process of law
* Dutch process
* ensiform process
* Fischer-Tropsch process
* Fourcault process
* Fowler process
* Frank-Caro process
* Frasch process
* frontal process
* full process
* Galton-Watson process
* Gayley process
* Gilchrist-Thomas process
* Haber process
* Hall-Héroult process
* Harvey process
* Hock process
* in-process
* interprocess
* inter-process communication
* in the process
* in the process of
* ironic process theory
* kraft process
* Krupp process
* lead chamber process
* Leblanc process
* legislative process
* LiBeB process
* lost-wax process
* Manhès process
* Markov jump process
* Markov process
* mastoid process
* Niepce's process
* odontoid process
* orbital process
* Oslo process
* out-process
* Paget process
* paramastoid process
* paraoccipital process
* Parkes process
* paroccipital process
* patio process
* Pattinson's process
* Payne's process
* peace process
* Penrose process
* pre-process
* procedural due process
* process art
* process butter
* process color
* process colour
* process hot water
* process manufacturing
* process mining
* process of elimination
* process of green wax
* process oil
* process-oriented
* process plate
* process server
* process theology
* process time
* process tomography
* process upset
* process window index
* process worker
* pterygoid process
* quantum process tomography
* Raschig-Hooker process
* r-process
* semi-Markov process
* service of process
* Siemens-Martin process
* soda process
* Solvay process
* spinous process
* s-process
* stack process
* statistical process control
* Stiefel process
* stochastic process
* styloid process
* substantive due process
* sulfate process
* Taylor-White process
* Thomas-Gilchrist process
* Thomas process
* Thomson process
* thought process
* thought-process
* transverse process
* Triger process
* triple-alpha process
* trust the process
* uncinate process
* vaginal process
* Verneuil process
* Wacker process
* Washoe process
* Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process
* Weldon process
* work in process
* xiphoid process
* zombie process
* zygomatic process

##### Related terms

* proceed
* procedure

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: プロセス (purosesu)

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

process (third-person singular simple present processes, present participle processing, simple past and past participle processed)
* (transitive) To perform a particular process on a thing.
* (transitive) To retrieve, store, classify, manipulate, transmit etc. (data, signals, etc.), especially using computer techniques.
    We have processed the data using our proven techniques, and have come to the following conclusions.
** 2006, Michael Grecco, Lighting and the Dramatic Portrait, Amphoto Books, →ISBN, page 92:If you process you own digital files, it's as time consuming, or maybe even more time consuming, than it is to process and print your own film.
* (transitive, figurative) To think about a piece of information, or a concept, in order to assimilate it, and perhaps accept it in a modified state.
    I didn't know she had a criminal record. That will take me a while to process.
* (transitive, photography, film) To develop photographic film.
* (transitive, law) To take legal proceedings against.
** 1845, Report from Her Majesty's Commissioners of inquiry into the state of the law and practice in respect to the occupation of land in Ireland:When I saw that he would not let me alone, I processed him for £12. My mother was with his brother John, and he allowed her six guineas for clothes; and if she did not want the money, he would allow it to me in the rent, and I made him pay that when he would not leave me alone.

##### Derived terms

* processed
* processor

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

Back-formation of procession.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) enPR: prə-sĕsʹ, IPA: /pɹəˈsɛs/
* Hyphenation: pro‧cess
* Rhymes: -ɛs

#### Verb

process (third-person singular simple present processes, present participle processing, simple past and past participle processed)
* To walk in a procession, especially in a liturgical context.
** 2004, Robert S. Nelson, chapter 1, in Hagia Sophia, 1850–1950: Holy Wisdom Modern Monument‎, page 13:Prayers completed and Psalms ending, patriarch, emperor, and their sumptuously clad entourages move past the open, silver-clad wings of the Imperial Door and process into the crowded nave and continue to the sanctuary at the east.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Cospers, Crespos, corpses, scopers

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Latin prōcessus (“progression, progress, process”), perfect passive participle of prōcēdō (“I advance, proceed”), from prō- +‎ cēdō (“I go, move, proceed”).

### Noun

process m (1st declension)
* process

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Latin processus (“progression, progress, process”), perfect passive participle of prōcēdō (“I advance, proceed”), from prō- +‎ cēdō (“I go, move, proceed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prʊˈsɛs/
* Audio; “en process”:(file)

### Noun

process c
* process
* (law) litigation, proceedings

#### Derived terms

* processa
* häxprocess
* skådeprocess

#### Related terms

* processuell

### References

* process in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* process in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* process in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)