# دم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dam.ma/

#### Verb

دَمَّ • (damma) I (non-past يَدُمُّ (yadummu), verbal noun دَمّ (damm))
* to coat, to smear
* to paint, to daub, to dye, to tint

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damm/

#### Noun

دَمّ • (damm) m
* verbal noun of دَمَّ (damma) (form I)
* ointment, salve, unguent, liniment
* paint
* pigment, dye

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dam/

#### Noun

دَم • (dam) m (dual دَمَانِ (damāni) or دَمَيَان (damayān) or دَمَوَانِ (damawāni), plural دِمَاء (dimāʔ))
* (uncountable) blood

##### Related terms

* دَمَوِيّ (damawiyy)

##### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)
* Maltese: demm
* Moroccan Arabic: دم (damm)
* → Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)
* → Swahili: damu

### Etymology 4

Suggested by Hommel as inherited from a Proto-Semitic *dimm- (“wild cat”), but presumably borrowed from Ge'ez ድመት (dəmmat), because this is a Lockwort rare in literary Arabic and appears in the dialects only in northwest Yemen, whereas it overspreads all Ethiopian Semitic as the word for the cat; the compared Akkadian 𒁺𒈠𒈬 (du-ma-mu /⁠dumāmu, tumāmu⁠/, “leopard”) is considered probably a foreign borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dimm/

#### Noun

دِمّ • (dimm) m (plural دِمَم (dimam), feminine دِمّة (dimma)) (now only Yemen)
* cat; wild cat

##### Declension
#### References

* Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2005) Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 200
* Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2010) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 326–329
* Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen‎ (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 318–319
* Landsberger, Benno (1931) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 40, page 296 / Nr. 2
* Landsberger, Benno (1934) Die Fauna des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie ḪAR-RA = ḫubullu (Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; XLII. Nr. VI)‎ (in German), Leipzig: Salomon Hirzel, pages 83–84
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 58
* Soden, Wolfram von (1933) “Der hymnisch-epische Dialekt des Akkadischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 41, page 168 / Fn. 4

### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

دُمْ • (dum) (form I) /dum/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of دَامَ (dāma)

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

### Noun

دم • (damm) m (plural دموم (dumūm))
* blood

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 38

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damm/

### Noun

دَمّ • (damm) m (dual دَمّين (dammēn), plural دُمَّان (dummān))
* blood

## Laki
### Noun

دم (dim)
* (anatomy) mouth

## Malay
### Noun

دم (plural دم-دم or دم٢)
* Jawi spelling of dam‎.

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

دم • (damm) m (plural دمايات (dmāyāt))
* blood
    غلى فيه الدم.ḡlā fīh ed-damm.He got very angry.(literally, “The blood boiled inside of him.”)
    كان كله دمايات. ― kān kullu dmāyāt. ― He was covered in blood.

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From earlier دُنْب (dunb), see there for more.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dum]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ʊm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ʊm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ʊm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪um]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪om]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪um]

#### Noun

دم • (dom)
* tail

##### Derived terms

* کژدم (každom)
* بی‌دم (bi-dom)
* دمی (domi)
* دم اسبی (dom-e asbi)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: düm
* → Lezgi: ттум (t̄um)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dam), from Proto-Iranian *damH (“to blow, breathe; to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to blow”); compare Sanskrit धमति (dhámati, “to blow”), Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), English damp.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]

#### Noun

دم • (dam)
* breath
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3126:چون که من من نیستم این دم ز هوست / پیش این دم هر که دم زد کافر اوستčôn ki man man nîstam ên dam za hû-st / pêš-i-ên dam har ki dam zad kâfir û-stSince I am not I, this breath (of mine) is from Him: in the presence of this breath if any one breathes (a word) he is an infidel.”
* steam
* moment

##### Related terms

* دمیدن (damidan)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: դամ (dam)
* → Bengali: দম (dom)
* → Azerbaijani: dəm
* → Uzbek: dam
* → Kazakh: дем (dem)
* → Ottoman Turkish: دم (dem)
** Turkish: dem
* → Hindi: दम (dam)
* → Urdu: دم (dam)

### Etymology 3

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]

#### Noun

دم • (dam)
* edge
* blade

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic دَم (dam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äm]

#### Noun

دم • (dam)
* (obsolete) blood
    Synonym: خون (xun)

### References

* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 55-56
* ↑ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 97

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damm/, [dam]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

دمّ • (damm) m
* blood

#### Derived terms

* تقيل الدمّ (tʔīl id-damm, “unpleasant, disagreeable, irritating”)

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit दम (dama).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪əm/

#### Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
* taming
* self-restraint
* self-control
* temperance

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian دم (dam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪əm/

#### Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
* breath
* puff
* whiff
* life, vitality
* energy, vigour
* moment, instant
* draught
* elasticity
* strength
* ambition
* pleasure

### Etymology 3

From Sanskrit दम्भ (dambha). Cognate with Persian دم (dam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪əm/

#### Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
* deceit
* fraud
* trickery
* trick
* coaxing
* arrogance
* pride
* boasting

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَم (dam), from Arabic دَم (dam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪əm/

#### Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
* blood

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Classical Persian دم (dum).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ʊm/

#### Noun

دم • (dum) f (Hindi spelling दुम)
* tail
* end
* extremity
* follower