# research
## English
### Etymology

Early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”), by surface analysis, re- +‎ search.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: (traditional) /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/, (newer) /ˈɹiːsɜːt͡ʃ/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/, /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/, /ɹɪ-/
** Audio (California):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/, /ˈɹiːsɜːt͡ʃ/, [ˈɹɪi.sɜːt͡ʃ]
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃ
* Hyphenation: re‧search

### Noun

research (countable and uncountable, plural researches)
* (uncountable, countable in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).
** 2012 January, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 4 April 2012, page 87:In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
    The research station that houses Wang and his team is outside Lijiang, a city of about 1.2 million people.
* (countable, dated) A particular instance or piece of research.
** 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter I, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the results of the researches of antiquaries.
** 1747, The Scots magazine, volume 9, page 567:The first step I took in this so necessary a research, was to examine the motives, the justice, the necessity and expediency of the revolution […]
** 1883 December, “Zoology. A. General, including Embryology and Histology of the Vertebrata. Development of Muscle-fibres and their Union with Nerves”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, volume 3, number 6, page 821:Although very numerous researches have been made on the differentiation of striped muscles, and on the termination of their motor nerve-fibres, yet the multifarious observations have often been too incomplete to lead to any but conflicting and unsatisfactory theories.

#### Synonyms

* investigation
* exploration
* examination
* study
* inquiry
* scrutiny

#### Hyponyms

* action research
* advocacy research
* basic research
* bioresearch
* empirical research
* historical research
* marketing research
* market research
* operational research
* operations research
* oppo research
* opposition research
* primary research
* qualitative research
* quantitative research
* scientific research
* secondary research
* space research
* structural research
* time-use research
* unobtrusive research

#### Derived terms

* antiresearch
* bioresearcher
* consumer research
* coresearcher
* customer research
* dual-use research of concern
* eco-research
* gain-of-function research
* nonresearch
* nonresearched
* nonresearcher
* nonresearching
* overresearched
* proresearch
* researchability
* researchable
* research assistant
* research chemical
* researchee
* researcher
* researchful
* researchist
* research professor
* research ship
* researchship
* researchy
* underresearched
* unresearchability
* unresearchable
* unresearched

#### Related terms

* research octane number
* research paper
* recherche

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

research (third-person singular simple present researches, present participle researching, simple past and past participle researched)
* (transitive) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.
* (intransitive) To make an extensive investigation into.
* (transitive) To search again.
* (intransitive, marketing) To receive a certain response in market research.
    Agency and bank staff told the newspaper the ad researched well.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “research”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
* “research”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* "research" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

### Anagrams

* reachers, searcher

## Dutch
### Etymology

From English research, from early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”). Forms a doublet with Dutch recherche, which is a direct borrowing from French.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

research f (uncountable, diminutive researchje n)
* research

#### Usage notes

The plural is very rare or non-existent.

#### Synonyms

* onderzoek, speurwerk, vorsing, navorsing

## Swedish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English research. First attested in the 1960s.

### Noun

research c (uncountable)
* An act of searching in archives and other sources for background information related to someone or something specific (often for newspapers, radio, or TV).
** 1997 September 11, Mats Hellmark, “Palestinska journalister efter ockupationen: Utmaning att bygga upp en trovärdighet [Palestinian journalists after the occupation: The challenge of building credibility]”, in Journalisten:Svenske Jan Scherman har undervisat i research och norrmannen Børre Ludvigsen i Internet.The Swede Jan Scherman has taught research, and the Norwegian Børre Ludvigsen has taught Internet skills.
** 2024 December 13, 22:01 from the start, in På spåret‎, seasons 2024-2025, episode 7, spoken by Kristian Look:Innan vi går vidare, Christoffer... Under researchen kom vi fram till att du under gymnasiet kallades för trolleri-Christoffer.Before we move on, Christoffer... During our research, we found out that you were called Magic Christoffer in upper secondary school.

#### Related terms

* researcha (“perform archival research”)
* researcher (“archival researcher”)

### See also

* efterforska (“investigate; research”)
* forska (“research”)

### References

* ↑ research in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* research in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)