# sten
## Cornish
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *staɨn.

### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: [stɛːn]
* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: [steːn]
* Audio (Revived Middle Cornish):(file)

### Noun

sten m
* tin

#### Derived terms

* poll sten (“tin pit”)
* sten an heyl (“tin stream”)
* sten du (“tin ore”)

### References

* Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
* Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 173

## Czech
### Etymology

Deverbal of sténat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstɛn]

### Noun

sten m inan
* (literary) groan, moan

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sten”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sten”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sten”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse steinn, from Proto-Norse ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂-. Cognate with English stone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /steːn/, [ˈsd̥eˀn]

### Noun

sten c (singular definite stenen, plural indefinite sten)
* stone

#### Derived terms

* prøvesten
* rendesten
* stenaffald
* stenbelægning
* stenblandet
* stenbolværk
* stenborg
* stenboring
* stenbrokker
* stenbrolægning
* stenbrønd
* stenbunke
* stenbygget
* stenbygning
* stenbækken
* stendannelse
* stendæmning
* stenfad
* stenflække
* stenfløts
* stenforretning
* stengavl
* stenhandel
* stenhegnet
* stenhjul
* stenhule
* stenhøfde
* stenkaj
* stenklump
* stenkrukke
* stenkugle
* stenkumme
* stenkølle
* stenlag
* stenlæs
* stenmark
* stenmejslet
* stenmindedmærke
* stenmængde
* stenport
* stenpotte
* stenprydelse
* stenrør
* stensankning
* stenskorpe
* stenslib
* stensprængning
* stenstørrelse
* stenvold

### References

* “sten” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “sten” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Middle High German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈs̠tɛːn/

### Verb

stēn
* Alternative form of stān

## Middle Low German
### Etymology

From Old Saxon sten, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.

### Pronunciation

* (originally) IPA: /stɛːn/

### Noun

sten m
* stone

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

See the main entry.

### Noun

sten m (definite singular stenen, indefinite plural stener, definite plural stenene)
* Alternative form of stein (“stone”), officially recognized in the following senses:
** (jewelry) gem, gemstone
** (botany) stone, pit of a stonefruit
** (medicine) stone, hardened tissue (as in kidney stone etc.)
** (informal) testicle, ball
* (Riksmål, otherwise nonstandard) in other senses of the above noun

#### Derived terms

* edelsten
* stenfrukt
* gallesten, nyresten, tannsten

### References

* “sten” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.

### Noun

stēn m
* stone

#### Alternative forms

* stein

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: stêen
** Dutch: steen
*** Afrikaans: steen
**** → Sotho: setene
**** → Southern Ndebele: isitina
**** → Zulu: isitini
***** Fanagalo: stin
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: ten
*** Negerhollands: steen, stin, sten
**** → Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna
*** → Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)
** Limburgish: stein

#### Further reading

* “stēn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”). Compare Old English stān, Old Saxon stēn, Old Dutch stēn and Old High German stein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsteːn/, [ˈstɛːn]

### Noun

stēn m
* stone

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: stian
    Goesharde: stiin
    Halligen: stian
    Heligoland: Stean
    Mooring: stiinj
    Sylt: Stiin
    Wiedingharde: stiin
* Saterland Frisian: Steen
* West Frisian: stien

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old High German
### Etymology

The development of the form stēn is analogous to that of gēn (“to go”). See there for further information.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̠teːn/

### Verb

stēn
* Alternative form of stān (“to stand”)

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: stēn
** German: stehen, stehn

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz. Compare Old English stān, Old High German stein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɛːn/

### Noun

stēn m
* stone, rock
    bran all samað stēn endi erðaThe rock burnt all together with the ground (Genesis, verse 317)

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: stên, stein
** Low German: Steen, Stein
*** German Low German: Steen, Sten
    Hamburgisch: Steen
*** Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Stëin
    Lippisch: Steun
    Sauerländisch: Stäin, Stoin, Stǟn, Stain, Steyn
    Westmünsterländisch: Steen
** Plautdietsch: Steen

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse steinn, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.

### Noun

stēn m
* stone

#### Descendants

* Swedish: sten

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch stem.

### Noun

sten
* voice

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish sten, from Old Norse steinn, from Proto-Norse ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /steːn/, [steꜜɜn]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sten c
* a rock, a stone
    Han har en liten stenHe has a small stone
* (uncountable) A hard earthen substance that can form large rocks and boulders.

#### Related terms

* stena
* gravsten
* njursten
* gallsten

### Further reading

* sten in Svensk ordbok.

### Anagrams

* sent, tens