# سو
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

سَوّ • (saww) m
* Alternative form of سَوْء (sawʔ, “badness, evil, corruption”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

سَوِّ • (sawwi) (form II) /saw.wi/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of سَوَّى (sawwā)

## Azerbaijani
### Noun

سو (countable and uncountable)
* Arabic spelling of su (“water”)

## Bakhtiari
### Etymology 1

Colloquial form of Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ), Persian صبح (sobh).

#### Noun

سو (sow)
* morning
    سو زی بیدار ایبوم ― sow e zi bidar eybuom. ― I'll wake up early in the morning.
* tomorrow
    سو ایرم هونه ― sow eirom howne. ― I'll go home tomorrow.

### Etymology 2

Colloquial form of سه (soh), ساو (sâv, “firewood, i.e. the usual desert-shrubs”), equivalent to Persian سوخت (sôxt, “combustion material, fuel”).

#### Noun

سو (sô)
* firewood, i.e. the common desert-shrubs, thornbush
* a hard-brushed broom

#### References

* Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎ (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 162 Nr. 478

## Brahui
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian [Term?]. Cognate to Tamil தூ (tū), ஊ (ū), Gondi సవి (savi).

### Noun

سُو (sū)
* flesh, meat

### Further reading

* Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “3373”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

## Bulgar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *seb-.

### Verb

سَو (sev)
* (Volga Bulgar) to love, like
    عُلَمَا سَمنَ سَوَان مَسجِد سَمنَ عَمَارَة طَنَان اَكِل خَيرَاتلُ الُوى بَرَكاتلُ مُون سُوَار يَالِ [...] عَلىِ خوَاجَه آولِ آترَج خُواجَه آولِ آبُوبَكَر خُوَاجَه آولِ آلِبْ خُواجَه بَلُوى كُ ― 'Ulamâsemne sevên mescidsemne 'amâret tanân ekil hayrâtlu, elüwi berekâtlu Mûn Suwâr yêli [...] Ali howâce awli Atrac howâce awli Abûbeker howâce awli Alıp howâce belüwi kü. ― This is the monument of teacher [...] Ali's son teacher Atrac's son teacher Ebubeker's son teacher Alıp, who loves scholars and builds mosques, very beneficent, whose hands are fertile, who is descent from the big Suwâr clan.

#### Descendants

* Chuvash: сав (sav)

### References

* Hakimzjanov, Farid Sabirzjanovich (1986) “New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎ (in Bulgar), volume 40, number 1, page 174
* Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 190-191
* Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 32

## Chagatai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sub (“water”).

### Noun

سو (su)
* water

### References

* András J. E. Bodrogligeti, A Grammar of Chagatay (2001) (su)

## Kipchak
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sub (“water”).

### Noun

سو (su) (Mamluk-Kipchak)
* water

### References

* Munytu'l-Ghuzāt: a 14th-century Mamluk-Kipchak military treatise
* Vocabulaire arabe-kiptchak de l'époque de l'État mamelouk

## Mazanderani
### Etymology 1

Compare Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “side, direction”), Persian سوی (suy).

#### Noun

سو (so)
* ethnicity
* breed, type

### Etymology 2

Compare Persian ساییدن (sâyidan), سابیدن (sâbidan), سودن (sudan, “to rub, to grind, to sharpen”).

#### Noun

سو (so)
* grinding
    سو سنگ ― so-e seng ― grinding stone
* sharpening

### Etymology 3

Related to سوسو (winking, burning), and dialectal Persian سو (su, “bright, shimmer, view”).

#### Noun

سو (su)
* igniting
    سو هاکردن ― su hakerden ― to ignite

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [soː], [suː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [soː], [suː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [soː], [suː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [soː], [suː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sʊː], [su]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [suː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɵ], [su]

### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “side, direction”).

#### Noun

سو • (su)
* Alternative form of سوی (suy): direction, side

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “burning, combustion”). Related to سوختن (suxtan, “to burn”). Compare Mazanderani سو (su), سوسو (susu, “bright, illuminating”).

#### Noun

سو • (su)
* (archaic) light, sight, ability to see
* (Tehrani) shimmer, glitter, sight
* (Isfahan) glitter, sight
* (Fars) sight, opinion
* (Khorasan) sight, glitter, view

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “profit, advantage”), or alternative form of سود (sud).

#### Noun

سو • (su, so)
* profit
* advantage

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “swk'”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 75
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سو”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “سو”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 340

## Salar
### Noun

سو (su)
* water

### References

* ABVD

## Sindhi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit शत (śata).

### Numeral

سو • (sau)
* hundred

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Perhaps from Sanskrit सह (saha).

#### Adverb

سو • (so) (Hindi spelling सो)
* so, hence
* therefore
* consequently

#### References

* “سو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 388

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit शत (śata), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Compare also Persian صد (sad).

#### Numeral

سو • (sau) (Hindi spelling सौ)
* hundred

##### Synonyms

* صد (sad)
* سینکڑا (saiṅkṛā)

#### References

* “سو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “sau”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.