# جار
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Semitic *gawar-.

#### Verb

جَارَ • (jāra) I (non-past يَجُورُ (yajūru), verbal noun جَوْر (jawr))
* to deviate, to stray
* to commit an outrage, to wrong, to persecute, to oppress, to tyrannize
* to encroach, to make inroads

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* جَارَرَ (jārara), جَاوَرَ (jāwara)

#### Verb

جَارَّ • (jārra) III (non-past يُجَارُّ (yujārru), verbal noun مُجَارَّة (mujārra))
* to be in the neighborhood of, to live nextdoor to
* to adjoin
* to be in the vicinity, to be close to
* to border

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

If we assume a pronunciation /ɔː/ for ā in ancient Ḥijāzi dialects of Arabic, as is also found necessary to be posited for other borrowings as قَيُّوم (qayyūm) and to make the Ethiopian Semitic borrowings of the present word phonologically plausible, then it is possible to conceive this word loaned from copiously attested Aramaic גיורא / ܓܝܘܪܐ (gīyōrā, “alien; proselyte”), functionally equivalent to Ugaritic 𐎂𐎗 (gr, “foreign resident, protected guest”) and Hebrew גֵּר (gēr, “alien; proselyte”) of which the feminine is גִיוֹרֶת (giyyṓreṯ, “proselyte”), while the specific meaning of a “neighbour” is found developed in Palestinian Aramaic מגירה / ܡܓܝܪܐ (məḡīrā), Northwest Semitic derivations of Proto-West Semitic *gawar- in the sense of ”to encroach upon the limits of, to assail, to come over” (while inheritance from Proto-West Semitic of the present noun per se would be difficult to construct); for the simplification of the shape of the word regard Arabic حُوت (ḥūt, “fish; whale”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaːr/

#### Noun

جَار • (jār) m (plural جِيرَان (jīrān), feminine جَارة (jāra))
* neighbor
    جارنا الجديد هو شخص لطيف وودود.Jārnā al-ǧadīd huwa šaḫṣ laṭīf wa-wadūd.Our new neighbor is a kind and friendly person.
* refugee
* protégé, charge

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: جار (gār)
* Gulf Arabic: يار (yār), جار (jār)
* Maltese: ġar
* Moroccan Arabic: جار (jār)
* → Amharic: ጋር (gar, “with, in company of”), ጋራ (gara)
* → Ge'ez: ጎር (gor, “neighbour”)
* → Harari: ጋር (gār, “house”)
** → Silt'e: ጋር (gār)
** → Wolane: ጋር (gar, “house”)
** → Zay: ጋር (gār)
* → Tigre: ጎር (gor, “neighbour; near, in proximity to”)
* → Tigrinya: ጎር (gor, “neighbour”)

### Etymology 4

Derived from the active participle of جَرَى (jarā).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaː.rin/

#### Adjective

جَارٍ • (jārin) (informal جَارِي (jārī), feminine جَارِيَة (jāriya), masculine plural جَارُون (jārūn), feminine plural جَارِيَات (jāriyāt))
* active participle of جَرَى (jarā)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: cari
* → Chagatai: جاری
** Uyghur: جارى (jari)
** Uzbek: jori
* → Ottoman Turkish: جاری
** Turkish: cari
* → Persian: جاری (jâri), یاری (yâri)
** → Assamese: জাৰি (zari), জাৰী (zari)
** → Bengali: জারি (jari)
** → Gujarati: જારી (jārī)
** → Kannada: ಜಾರಿ (jāri)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: जारी (jārī)
    Urdu: جارِی (jārī)
** → Maithili:
    Devanagari script: जारी (jārī)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒰𑒩𑒲 (jārī)
** → Marathi: जारी (jārī)
** → Odia: ଜାରି (jāri)
** → Punjabi: jārī
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਰੀ
    Shahmukhi script: جاری

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “جار”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 231–232
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “جار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 322–323
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “جار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 438
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “جار”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 173

## Central Kurdish
### Noun

جار (car)
* time (instance or occurrence)
* instance

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَار (jār).

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /d͡ʒɑr/

### Noun

جار • (jār) m (plural جيران (jīrān))
* Alternative form of يار (yār)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَار (jār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaːr/, [d͡ʒaːr], [ʒaːr]

### Noun

جار • (jār) m (plural جيران (jīrān), feminine جارة (jāra))
* neighbour

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَار (jār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒaːr/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

جار • (jār) m (plural جيران (jīrān), feminine جارة (jāra))
* neighbour

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَار (jār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒaːr/, [ʒɑːrˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جار • (jār) m (plural جيران (jīrān), feminine جارة (jāra))
* neighbour