# 件

| 件 | U+4EF6, &#20214; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF6 |
| ← 仵 [U+4EF5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 价 → [U+4EF7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

件 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手 (OHQ), four-corner 2520$_0$, composition ⿰亻牛)

#### Derived characters

* 𠲟, 𣴓, 𤞗, 𪁃, 𪜓, 𡋚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 410
* Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4EF6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 件
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
* Small seal scripts05909
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“man”) + 牛 (“cow”).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiān
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jiēn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gin$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gin$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gen$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qien$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khien / khian
    (Hailu, HRS): kien$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kian$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jie$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): gīng
* Eastern Min (BUC): giông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyo$^5$ / gyaⁿ$^5$ / goeng$^5$ / gyeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiāⁿ / kiǎⁿ / kiān / kiǎn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gian$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gieng$^6$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gyun$^6$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$ji / $^6$jie / $^4$ji / $^4$jie / $^6$jien / $^4$jien
** (Jinhua): $^6$jie; $^6$jian
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jienn$^5$ / jienn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jian$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛn²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jiān
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: jiēn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jien$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^6$
*** Yale: gihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kin³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ken³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qien$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
*** Hakka Romanization System: kian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰien³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰian⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giông
*** Sinological IPA : /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyo$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giō̤ⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kyɒ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyaⁿ$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kỹã²¹/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gē̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ²¹/
* gyo5/gyaⁿ5 - vernacular;
* goeng5/gyeng5 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit件 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕiã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕian³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕiã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕian¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕian²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕian¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕian²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡ʑi³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕie³⁵/ 一～衣裳 /t͡ɕʰie³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiẽ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /d͡ʑiẽ²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰian⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰien⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kin²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kin²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kin²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kian²²/ /kiã²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kyɔŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kiã³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kin³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: gjenX
Rime :
| Character | 件 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 其輦切 |
| Baxter | gjenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡranʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 件 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/ (no pre-Qín exx?) |
| English | item |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 件 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6183 |
| Phonetic component | 件 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 件 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡranʔ/ |
| Notes | 見漢印 |

#### Definitions

件
* (literary) to separate; to distinguish
* item; component
    部件 ― bùjiàn ― parts, components
    零件 ― língjiàn ― part, component
    備件／备件 ― bèijiàn ― spare part
    軟件／软件 ― ruǎnjiàn ― software
* document; letter
    文件 ― wénjiàn ― document, file
    郵件／邮件 ― yóujiàn ― mail
    信件 ― xìnjiàn ― letter
    證件／证件 ― zhèngjiàn ― certificate, document, ID
* Classifier for things which can be numerically counted, such as pieces of luggage, clothes, events: piece
    一件東西／一件东西 ― yī jiàn dōngxi ― a thing
    一件嘢 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ gin$^6$ je$^5$ [Jyutping] ― a thing
    一件襯衫／一件衬衫 ― yī jiàn chènshān ― a shirt
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 件 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 件兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 件 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 件 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 件兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 件 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 件 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 件 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 件 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 件 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 件 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 件 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 件 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 件 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 件 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 件 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 件 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 件 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 領 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 領 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 領 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 領 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 領 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 領 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 件 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 件 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 件 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 件 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 領 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 領 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 領 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 領 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 件 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 件, 個 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 件 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 件 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 件 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 件 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 隻 |

##### See also

* 條／条 (tiáo, “classifier for pants”)

#### Compounds

* 七件事
* 三大件 (sāndàjiàn)
* 事件 (shìjiàn)
* 什件兒 / 什件儿
* 件件 (jiànjiàn)
* 件工
* 件數 / 件数 (jiànshù)
* 件色
* 作件 (zuòjiàn)
* 低物件
* 來件 / 来件
* 佩件兒 / 佩件儿
* 信件 (xìnjiàn)
* 備件 / 备件 (bèijiàn)
* 元件 (yuánjiàn)
* 先決條件 / 先决条件 (xiānjué tiáojiàn)
* 光電元件 / 光电元件
* 最速件
* 函件 (hánjiàn)
* 勞動條件 / 劳动条件 (láodòng tiáojiàn)
* 原件 (yuánjiàn)
* 古巴事件
* 名件
* 器件
* 大件
* 宗宗件件
* 密件 (mìjiàn)
* 工件 (gōngjiàn)
* 工作條件 / 工作条件 (gōngzuò tiáojiàn)
* 廣告函件 / 广告函件
* 必要條件 / 必要条件 (bìyào tiáojiàn)
* 急件 (jíjiàn)
* 意外事件
* 抄件 (chāojiàn)
* 批件 (pījiàn)
* 收件 (shōujiàn)
* 收件人 (shōujiànrén)
* 收件匣 (shōujiànxiá)
* 散件
* 文件 (wénjiàn)
* 文件旅遊 / 文件旅游
* 料件子
* 新三大件
* 新四大件
* 是件
* 案件 (ànjiàn)
* 桃色案件
* 條件 / 条件 (tiáojiàn)
* 條件刺激 / 条件刺激
* 條件反射 / 条件反射 (tiáojiàn fǎnshè)
* 條件句 / 条件句
* 機件 / 机件 (jījiàn)
* 機密文件 / 机密文件
* 無條件 / 无条件 (wútiáojiàn)
* 物件 (wùjiàn)
* 物件導向 / 物件导向
* 皮件
* 稿件 (gǎojiàn)
* 組件 / 组件 (zǔjiàn)
* 網路信件 / 网路信件 (wǎnglù xìnjiàn)
* 網路套件 / 网路套件
* 老三大件
* 老四大件
* 表件
* 表記物件 / 表记物件
* 製件 / 制件 (zhìjiàn)
* 要件 (yàojiàn)
* 計件工資 / 计件工资 (jìjiàn gōngzī)
* 語音郵件 / 语音邮件 (yǔyīn yóujiàn)
* 論件計酬 / 论件计酬 (lùn jiàn jìchóu)
* 證件 / 证件 (zhèngjiàn)
* 證明文件 / 证明文件
* 軟件 / 软件 (ruǎnjiàn)
* 退件
* 郵件 / 邮件 (yóujiàn)
* 部件 (bùjiàn)
* 配件 (pèijiàn)
* 鑄件 / 铸件 (zhùjiàn)
* 附件 (fùjiàn)
* 零件 (língjiàn)
* 電子信件 / 电子信件
* 電子文件 / 电子文件
* 電子郵件 / 电子邮件 (diànzǐ yóujiàn)
* 零組件 / 零组件 (língzǔjiàn)
* 零部件 (língbùjiàn)
* 零配件
* 霧社事件 / 雾社事件 (Wùshè Shìjiàn)
* 非訟事件 / 非讼事件 (fēisòng shìjiàn)
* 頭頭件件 / 头头件件

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 件 – see 侔 (“to match; to equal”). (This character is a variant form of 侔).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kun: くだり (kudari, 件)、くだん (kudan, 件)

#### Compounds

* 案(あん)件(けん) (anken)
* 一(いっ)件(けん) (ikken)
* 課(か)税(ぜい)物(ぶっ)件(けん) (kazei bukken)
* 感(かん)覚(かく)与(よ)件(けん) (kankaku yoken)
* 機(き)能(のう)的(てき)要(よう)件(けん) (kinōteki yōken)
* 件(けん)件(けん) (kenken)
* 件(けん)数(すう) (kensū)
* 件(けん)名(めい) (kenmei)
* 後(こう)件(けん) (kōken)
* 構(こう)成(せい)要(よう)件(けん) (kōsei yōken)
* 雑(ざっ)件(けん) (zakken)
* 消(しょう)極(きょく)的(てき)訴(そ)訟(しょう)要(よう)件(けん) (shōkyokuteki soshō yōken)
* 証(しょう)拠(こ)物(ぶっ)件(けん) (shōko bukken)
* 事(じ)件(けん) (jiken)
* 条(じょう)件(けん) (jōken)
* 上(じょう)件(けん) (jōken)
* 人(じん)件(けん) (jinken)
* 人(じん)件(けん)費(ひ) (jinkenhi)
* 前(ぜん)件(けん) (zenken)
* 訴(そ)件(けん) (soken)
* 訴(そ)訟(しょう)要(よう)件(けん) (soshō yōken)
* 尊(そん)号(ごう)一(いっ)件(けん) (songō ikken)
* 大(たい)君(くん)一(いっ)件(けん) (taikun ikken)
* 対(たい)抗(こう)要(よう)件(けん) (taikō yōken)
* 手(て)形(がた)要(よう)件(けん) (tegata yōken)
* 難(なん)件(けん) (nanken)
* 物(ぶっ)件(けん) (bukken)
* 物(ぶっ)件(けん)費(ひ) (bukkenhi)
* 別(べっ)件(けん) (bekken)
* 別(べっ)件(けん)逮(たい)捕(ほ) (bekken taiho)
* 法(ほう)律(りつ)要(よう)件(けん) (hōritsu yōken)
* 本(ほん)件(けん) (honken)
* 柳(やな)川(がわ)一(いっ)件(けん) (yanagawa ikken)
* 用(よう)件(けん) (yōken)
* 要(よう)件(けん) (yōken)
* 与(よ)件(けん) (yoken)
* 立(りっ)件(けん) (rikken)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けん [kéꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

件(けん) • (ken)
* case
* matter
* subject
    肉(にく)の件(けん)
       niku no ken
       about the meat; on the subject of meat
* (informal, always modified with a verb phrase) incident; happening
    買(か)ってしまった件(けん)
       katteshimatta ken
       how I accidentally bought it
    知(し)らない間(あいだ)に増(ふ)えてる件(けん)
       shiranai aida ni fueteru ken
       how it's been increasing and I didn't know

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くだん [kúꜜdàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kɯ̟dã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

件(くだん) • (kudan)
* example
* precedent
    件(くだん)の
       kudan no
       the ... in question; the said ...
    件(くだん)の人(ひと)
       kudan no hito
       the person in question; the said person
* kudan; half-human, half-ox mythical creature

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くだり [kùdárí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟da̠ɾʲi]

#### Noun

件(くだり) • (kudari)
* clause, passage, paragraph
* precedent

## Korean
### Hanja

件 (eumhun 물건 건 (mulgeon geon))
* hanja form of 건 (“case”)
* hanja form of 건 (“matter”)
* hanja form of 건 (“subject”)
* hanja form of 건 (“example”)
* hanja form of 건 (“precedent”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

件: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kịn, kẹn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation