# 乍

| 乍 | U+4E4D, &#20045; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4D |
| ← 乌 [U+4E4C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 乎 → [U+4E4E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

乍 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸 (HS) or 人尸 (OS), four-corner 8021$_1$, composition ⿱𠂉⿰丨二)

#### Derived characters

* 作, 泎, 咋, 怍, 拃, 阼, 岞, 妰, 炸, 昨, 柞, 胙, 㸲, 祚, 砟, 秨, 蚱, 舴, 䋏, 詐, 酢, 䝫, 䟭, 䞢, 飵, 鈼, 䩆, 鮓, 齚, 厏, 岝, 苲, 㡸, 怎, 迮, 窄, 痄, 笮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 130
* Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 35, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4E4D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乍 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj27471j27472j27473j27474j27475j27476j27477j27478j27479j27480j27481j27482j27483j27484j27485j27486j27487j27488j27489j27490j27491j27492j27493j27494j27495j27496j27497j27498j27499j27500j27501j27502j27503j27504j27505j27506j27507j27508j27509j27510j27511j27512j27513j27514j27515j27516j27517j27518j27519j27520j27521j27522j27523j27524j27525j27526j27527j27528j27529Bronze inscriptionsb17714b17715b17716b17717b17718b17719b17720b17721b17722b17723b17724b17725b17726b17727b17728b17729b17730b17731b17732b17733b17734b17735b17736b17737b17738b17739b17740b17741b17742b17743b17744b17745b17746b17747b17748b17749b17750b17751b17752b17753b17754b17755b17756b17757b17758b17759b17760b17761b17762b17763b17764b17765b17766b17767b17768b17769b17770b17771b17772b17773b17774b17775b17776b17777b17778b17779b17780b17781b17782b17783b17784b17785b17786b17787b17788b17789b17790b17791b17792b17793b17794b17795b17796b17797b17798b17799b17800b17801b17802b17803b17804b17805b17806b17807b17808b17809b17810b17811b17812b17813b17814b17815b17816b17817b17818b17819b17820b17821b17822b17823b17824b17825b17826b17827b17828b17829b17830b17831b17832b17833b17834b17835b17836b17837b17838b17839b17840b17841b17842b17843b17844b17845b17846b17847b17848b17849Small seal scripts09434Transcribed ancient scriptsL23775L23776L23777 |||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 作 | *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ |
| 鲊 | *ʔsraːʔ |
| 痄 | *ʔsraːʔ |
| 厏 | *ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ |
| 詐 | *ʔsraːɡs |
| 咋 | *ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ |
| 笮 | *ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 榨 | *ʔsraːɡs |
| 炸 | *ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb |
| 乍 | *zraːɡs |
| 拃 | *ʔsraːnʔ |
| 酢 | *sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ |
| 祚 | *zaːɡs |
| 胙 | *zaːɡs |
| 阼 | *zaːɡs |
| 飵 | *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ |
| 秨 | *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ |
| 迮 | *ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 柞 | *ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ |
| 昨 | *zaːɡ |
| 怍 | *zaːɡ |
| 砟 | *zaːɡ |
| 莋 | *zaːɡ |
| 岝 | *zaːɡ, *zraːɡ |
| 鈼 | *zaːɡ |
| 筰 | *zaːɡ |
| 葃 | *zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ |
| 舴 | *ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 窄 | *ʔsraːɡ |
| 蚱 | *ʔsraːɡ |
| 齚 | *zraːɡ |
| 泎 | *zraːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – an axe chopping wood. Original form of 柞.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhà (zha$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa$^3$ / zaa$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cá / câ / ciáh / ciá
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chā / chà / chèe
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zo
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^4$
*** Yale: jà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaa$^3$ / zaa$^6$
*** Yale: ja / jah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa$^3$ / dzaa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: za$^3$ / za$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saː³³/, /t͡saː²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cá / câ / ciáh / ciá
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑ²¹³/, /t͡sɑ²⁴²/, /t͡siɑʔ²⁴/, /t͡siɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chā
*** Tâi-lô: tsā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: za
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chà
*** Tâi-lô: tsà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
*** Tâi-lô: tsèe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zo
*** MiniDict: zo$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zo
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zo²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zo²³¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzraeH
Rime :
| Character | 乍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 鋤駕切 |
| Baxter | dzraeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaa$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zraːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 乍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzræ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁrak-s/ |
| English | suddenly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 乍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16650 |
| Phonetic component | 乍 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 乍 |
| Old Chinese | /*zraːɡs/ |
| Notes | 曾憲通雲甲金文象以耒起土， 爲耕作字初文 |

#### Definitions

乍
* suddenly
* at first
* (Eastern Min) just; exactly
* (Eastern Min) only a short while ago; just
* a surname, Zha

### Compounds

* 乍出猛兒 / 乍出猛儿 (zhàchūměngr)
* 乍暖還寒 / 乍暖还寒 (zhànuǎnhuánhán)
* 乍然 (zhàrán)
* 乍看 (zhàkàn)

#### References

* ↑ “乍姓起源、名人分布及起名大全”, in 百家姓大全 - 911查询‎ (in Chinese), 2024

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chàⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zvax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sã²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sã²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sã¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sã²¹/

#### Definitions

乍
* (Southern Min) to deep-fry slightly

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 炸, 油炸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 炸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 炸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 炸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 炸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 炸 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 炸 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 炸 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 浮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 炸 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 浮 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 浮 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 浮, 炸 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 浮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 浮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 浮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 糋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 炸, 浮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 糋, 浮, 乍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 糋, 浮, 乍 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 糋, 浮, 乍 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 糋, 浮, 乍 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 糋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 糋 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 糋 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 炸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 炸, 氽, 煠 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 氽, 煠 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 煠 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 煠, 氽 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 煠, 氽 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 煠 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Fenghua) | 煠 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 煠 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 乍 – see 作 (“to get up; to get up and go to work; etc.”). (This character is an ancient variant form of 作).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 乍 – see 榨 (“to press or extract juices; to squeeze; press to extract juices; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 榨).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Further reading

* (Min Nan) “乍”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Although

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゃ (ja)
* Kan-on: さ (sa)
* Kun: たちまち (tachimachi, 乍ち)、ながら (nagara, 乍ら)
As an alternative form of 作:
* Go-on: さく (saku)
* Kan-on: さく (saku)
* Kun: おこる (okoru, 乍こる)

## Korean
### Hanja

乍 (eumhun 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))
* (for) a short time

#### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乍

## Vietnamese
### Han character

乍: Hán Nôm readings: chạ, sạ, cha, sã, chả
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation