# 札

| 札 | U+672D, &#26413; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672D |
| ← 本 [U+672C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朮 → [U+672E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

札 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木山 (DU), four-corner 4291$_0$, composition ⿰木乚)

#### Derived characters

* 𡥑, 𢫄, 㳐, 𧉹, 𨥼, 𫴺, 𤵦, 紮, 蚻, 𩿤, 𫛠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14422
* Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1153, character 1
* Unihan data for U+672D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 札 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 劜 | *qreːd |
| 札 | *sqriːd |
| 扎 | *sqriːd |
| 蚻 | *ʔsriːd |
| 紮 | *ʔsriːd |
| 軋 | *qriːd |
| 圠 | *qriːd |
| 穵 | *qriːd, *qʷriːd |
| 挖 | *qʷriːd |
| 鳦 | *qriːd, *qrid |
| 耴 | *ŋrid, *teb |
| 乙 | *qriɡ |
| 肊 | *qrɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sqriːd): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 乚 (OC *qriɡ). It represents a thinly shaved wooden tag and, by extension, a tag or document on which characters are written.

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology
#### “to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence”

    The commentary to the Rites of Zhou by Zheng Xuan says that it is the word for “to die” in the ancient Yue (越) language, so it is possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”) (whence Proto-Vietic *k-ceːt > Vietnamese chết) (Norman and Mei, 1976; Schuessler, 2007).
    Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhá (zha$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaat$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cák
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zab$^4$ / zag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tsaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhá
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhá
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^2$
*** Yale: já
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jar
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaat$^3$
*** Yale: jaat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːt̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cák
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chat
*** Tâi-lô: tsat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sat̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zab$^4$ / zag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsap / tsak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sap̚²/, /t͡sak̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tsaq
*** MiniDict: tsah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tsaq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡saʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsreat
Rime :
| Character | 札 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 鎋 (75) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 側八切 |
| Baxter | tsreat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠɛt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚæt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂəɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃæt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂat̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zha |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qˤrət/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqriːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 札 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrɛt › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-qˁrət/ |
| English | strip (n.), tablet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 札 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14910 |
| Phonetic component | 乙 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 札 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqriːd/ |

### Definitions

札
* letter; note
    From: 〈古詩十九首之第十七首．孟冬寒氣至〉"Nineteen Old Poems' No. 17: Early Winter Month's Cold Air is Come" in 《文選 (wénxuǎn)》 Selections of Refined Literature.
    Kè cóng yuǎnfāng lái, yí wǒ yī shūzhá. [Pinyin]
    A visitor from afar came and left me a letter.
* correspondence
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to die prematurely
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) pestilence
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to die from pestilence
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) small wooden strip for writing

### Compounds

* 信札 (xìnzhá)
* 僑札 / 侨札
* 刀札
* 大札 (dàzhá)
* 夭札
* 季札掛劍 / 季札挂剑
* 寸札
* 御札 (yùzhá)
* 手札 (shǒuzhá)
* 抄札
* 書札 / 书札 (shūzhá)
* 木札
* 札付
* 札子
* 札幌 (Zháhuǎng)
* 札手舞腳 / 札手舞脚
* 札抹
* 札札
* 札板兒 / 札板儿
* 札的
* 札記 / 札记 (zhájì)
* 札賚諾爾 / 札赉诺尔
* 波札那 (Bōzhánà)
* 玉札
* 硬札
* 神札
* 筆札 / 笔札 (bǐzhá)
* 箋札 / 笺札
* 簡札 / 简札
* 緘札 / 缄札
* 翰札
* 芳札
* 謅札 / 诌札
* 馬札 / 马札
* 馬札子 / 马札子
* 麻札
* 點札 / 点札

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* bill
* card

#### Readings

* Go-on: せち (sechi)
* Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: ふだ (fuda, 札, Jōyō)、ふみた (fumita, 札)、ふんだ (funda, 札)、さね (sane, 札)

#### Compounds

* 札幌(さっぽろ) (Sapporo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 札
* さつ Grade: 4
* on'yomi
/satu/ → /sat͡su/
From Middle Chinese 札 (MC tsreat).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さつ [sáꜜtsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

札(さつ) • (satsu)
* a ticket, a token
* a letter
* paper money, a bill, a (bank) note
    Synonym: 紙幣 (shihei)

##### Derived terms

* 札入(さつい)れ (satsuire)
* 札束(さつたば) (satsutaba)
* 一札(いっさつ) (issatsu)
* 改札(かいさつ) (kaisatsu)
* 検札(けんさつ) (kensatsu)
* 手札(しゅさつ) (shusatsu)
* 出札(しゅっさつ) (shussatsu)
* 書札(しょさつ) (shosatsu)
* 神札(しんさつ) (shinsatsu)
* 偽札(にせさつ) (nisesatsu)
* 入札(にゅうさつ) (nyūsatsu)
* 表札(ひょうさつ) (hyōsatsu)
* ぴん札(さつ) (pinsatsu)
* 落札(らくさつ) (rakusatsu)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 札
* ふだ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 簡
/pumi ita/ → /ɸumita/ → /ɸunda/ → /ɸuda/
Originally a compound of 文(ふみ) (fumi, “writing”) + 板(いた) (ita, “board, plank”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふだ [fùdá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟da̠]

#### Noun

札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda)
* a card, a plate, a tag
* a ticket, a token
* an amulet, a charm
* playing card
    一組(ひとくみ)の札(ふだ)
       hitokumi no fuda
       a deck of cards

##### Derived terms

* 御(お)札(ふだ) (ofuda)
* 切(き)り札(ふだ) (kirifuda)
* 正札(しょうふだ) (shōfuda)
* 捨(す)て札(ふだ) (sutefuda)
* 手札(てふだ) (tefuda)
* 名札(なふだ) (nafuda)
* 花(はな)札(ふだ) (hanafuda, “hanafuda”)
* 場札(ばふだ) (bafuda)
* 引(ひ)き札(ふだ) (hikifuda)
* 方言(ほうげん)札(ふだ) (hōgenfuda)
* 山札(やまふだ) (yamafuda)
* 読(よ)み札(ふだ) (yomifuda)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
* letter

#### Compounds

* 鄕札 (향찰, hyangchal)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

札: Hán Nôm readings: trát, trớt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.