# 佃

| 佃 | U+4F43, &#20291; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F43 |
| ← 佂 [U+4F42] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 佄 → [U+4F44] |

## Translingual
### Han character

佃 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人田 (OW), four-corner 2620$_0$, composition ⿰亻田)
* tenant farmer
* be a tenant farmer

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 492
* Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 133, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4F43

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 佃
* Bronze inscriptionsb12375b12376b12377b12378b12379b12380b12381Small seal scripts05838
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 田 | *l'iːŋ |
| 佃 | *l'iːŋ, *l'iːŋs |
| 畋 | *l'iːŋ, *l'iːŋs |
| 畇 | *l'iːŋ, *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin, *ɢʷin |
| 鈿 | *l'iːŋ, *l'iːŋs |
| 沺 | *l'iːŋ |
| 甸 | *l'iːŋs |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tián (tian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tián
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tián
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^2$
*** Yale: tyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^4$
*** Yale: tìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: deng$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: déng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛŋ¹³/
* Middle Chinese: den
Rime :
| Character | 佃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒年切 |
| Baxter | den |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /den/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /den/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /den/ |
| Wang Li | /dien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'iːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 佃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12393 |
| Phonetic component | 田 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 田 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'iːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

佃
* (literary) to till; to cultivate
* (literary) Alternative form of 畋 (tián, “to hunt”)

#### Compounds

* 佃作
* 佃具
* 佃器
* 佃漁 / 佃渔 (tiányú)
* 佃獵 / 佃猎

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): din$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien
* Eastern Min (BUC): diêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiān / tān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): doin$^6$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dienn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: din$^6$
*** Yale: dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diêng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiɛŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: deng$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dēng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
*** Tâi-lô: tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dien
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tān
*** Tâi-lô: tān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dan
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: doin$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tõĩ³⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: dienn$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ẽ⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: denH
Rime :
| Character | 佃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 堂練切 |
| Baxter | denH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /den$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /den$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /den$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | din$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'iːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 佃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ den$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁiŋ-s/ |
| English | hunt |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 佃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12400 |
| Phonetic component | 田 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 電 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'iːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

佃
* to rent and till land from a landlord
* (obsolete) land rent
* (dialectal) to rent
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to rent):
* 僱 / 雇 (gù)
* 承租 (chéngzū)
* 租 (zū)
* 租用 (zūyòng)
* 縛 / 缚 (Xiamen Hokkien)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 賃 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 租, 租賃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 租 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 租 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 租 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 租, 賃 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 租 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 租, 賃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 租 more literary, 賃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 租, 賃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 租 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 租, 賃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 租, 賃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 租, 賃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 租 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 租 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 租, 佃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 租 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 租 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 租 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 租 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 租 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 租 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 賃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 租 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 稅, 租 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 稅, 租 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 稅, 租 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 稅, 租 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 稅, 租 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 稅 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 租 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 租, 賃 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 租, 賃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 租 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 租 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 稅 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 租 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 租 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 租 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 租 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 租 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 租 |
| Wu | Danyang | 租 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 租 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 稅 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 賃 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 佃 |

#### Compounds

* 佃人
* 佃契
* 佃客
* 佃戶 / 佃户 (diànhù)
* 佃權 / 佃权
* 佃科
* 佃租
* 佃租制度
* 佃農 / 佃农 (diànnóng)
* 佃錢 / 佃钱
* 撤佃
* 永佃權 / 永佃权
* 租佃
* 請佃 / 请佃
* 退佃 (tuìdiàn)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “佃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.
* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “佃”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00118

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: でん (den)
* Kan-on: てん (ten)
* Kun: つくだ (tsukuda, 佃)
* Kanji in this term
* 佃
* つくだ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

### Noun

佃(つくだ) • (tsukuda)
* cultivated rice field

#### Derived terms

* 佃煮

## Korean
### Hanja

佃 (eum 전 (jeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

佃: Hán Nôm readings: điền
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.