# حبش
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

حَبَش • (ḥabaš) f
* only used in الْحَبَش (al-ḥabaš)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Back-formation of الْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša, “Ethiopia”) due to ideas of getting richer through incense trade. Alternatively variant of حَفَشَ (ḥafaša, “to gather”), which may be illustrated by the same verb in Ge'ez, ሐፈሠ (ḥäfäśä), variating too as ሐበሠ (ḥäbäśä, “to collect”).

#### Verb

حَبَشَ • (ḥabaša) I (non-past يَحْبُشُ (yaḥbušu), verbal noun حَبْش (ḥabš) or حُبَاشَة (ḥubāša))
* to collect, to earn, to reap

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَبَّشَ • (ḥabbaša) II (non-past يُحَبِّشُ (yuḥabbišu), verbal noun تَحْبِيش (taḥbīš))
* to collect, to earn, to reap

##### Conjugation
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حبش”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 335
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حبش”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 368a

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبَش (ḥabaš, “Abyssinia”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħabaʃ/

### Noun

حبش • (ḥabaš) m (collective)
* maize, corn
    Synonym: ذُرة (dura)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic الْحَبَش (al-ḥabaš).

### Proper noun

حبش • (habeş)
* (historical) Abyssinia, the Ethiopian Empire, a former empire in East Africa, consisting of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea
    Synonyms: حبشستان (habeşistân), حبشه (habeşe)
* (historical) Habesh, the Ottoman eyalet of Abyssinia which extended on the areas of coastal Hejaz and Northeast Africa
    Synonym: ایالت حبش (eyâlet-i habeş)

### Proper noun

حبش • (habeş) (definite accusative حبشی (habeşi), plural حبشلر (habeşler))
* Abyssinian, Abassian, a person from or an inhabitant of Abyssinia
    Synonym: حبشی (habeşî)

#### Derived terms

* ایالت حبش (eyâlet-i habeş, “Habesh eyalet”)
* حبش كبی (habeş gibi, “dark olive-colored”)
* حبش معدنی (habeş maʼdeni, “black sulphur of mercury”)
* حبش میمونی (habeş maymunu, “baboon”)
* حبشستان (habeşistân, “Abyssinia”)
* حبشه (habeşe, “Abyssinia”)
* حبشی (habeşî, “Abyssinian”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Habeş
* → Albanian: Habesh
* → Armenian: հաբեշ / հապէշ (habeš)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “حبش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 642
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “Habeş”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1824
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حبش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 496
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Æthiopia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 37
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حبش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1721
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حبش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 761
* Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Habeş”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 319

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Shortening of ديك الحبش (dīk il-ḥabaš, literally “Ethiopian rooster”).

### Noun

حبش • (ḥabaš) m
* (uncountable) turkey

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَبَشْ (ḥabaš, “Abyssinia”), the former name of Ethiopia.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɦə.bəʃ/
* Rhymes: -əʃ

### Proper noun

حَبَش • (habaś) m (Hindi spelling हबश)
* (historical) Abyssinia (a country in Africa)