# κινούβοιλα
## Dacian
### Etymology

Hapax recorded by a Greek, but some level of accuracy is implied by comparison with Thracian sinupyla, dinupula. From a Proto-Indo-European plant name, compound of *ḱwṓ, *ḱun- (“dog”) and *h₂ébōl (“apple”), whence also Lithuanian šunobelė (“buckthorn”), and disputedly also Albanian thënukël (“dogberry”). Whereas Thracian displays the expected satem outcome of the initial *ḱ-, the Dacian κ- (k-), ostensibly centum, could be the outcome of an early depalatalization process. The shift of [-a-] to [-u-] in this environment is characteristic of Dacian.

### Noun

κινούβοιλα (kinoúboila)
* bryony (herb)
** [50–70 CE, Dioscorides, De Materia Medica (in Ancient Greek), 4, 182 RV:βρυωνία λευκή· οἱ δὲ μάδον, οἱ δὲ ἄμπελος λευκή, οἱ δὲ ψίλωθρον, οἱ δὲ μήλωθρον, οἱ δὲ ὄφιος σταφυλή, οἱ δὲ ἀρχέζωστιν, οἱ δὲ κέδρωστιν, Αἰγύπτιοι χαλαλαμόν, Ῥωμαῖοι νότιαμ, οἱ δὲ ἕρβα κοριάρια, οἱ δὲ κουκούρβιτα ἠρράτικα, Δάκοι κινούβοιλα, Σύροι αλλαβιάρια.bruōnía leukḗ; hoi dè mádon, hoi dè ámpelos leukḗ, hoi dè psílōthron, hoi dè mḗlōthron, hoi dè óphios staphulḗ, hoi dè arkhézōstin, hoi dè kédrōstin, Aigúptioi khalalamón, Rhōmaîoi nótiam, hoi dè hérba koriária, hoi dè koukoúrbita ērrhátika, Dákoi kinoúboila, Súroi allabiária.White bryony, also known as madon, ampelos leuce, psilothron, melothron, ophios staphyle, archezostis, or cedrostis; known to the Egyptians as chalalamon; to the Romans as notia, herba coriaria, or cucurbita erratica; to the Dacians as kinouboila; and to the Syrians as allabiaria.]

### Notes

* ↑ Neutralizing IE palatals before non-syllabic resonants, similarly to the boukólos rule
* ↑ It is, on the other hand, not completely clear why such shift is also present in the Thracian cognate.

### References

* 1 2 3 Duridanov, Ivan (1985) “dinupula (sinupyla)”, in Die Sprache der Thraker (in German), →ISBN, page 12
* 1 2 Václav Blažek (2014) “Review of "Etymological dictionary of Proto-Germanic", by Guus Kroonen”, in Linguistica Brunensia‎ (in Czech), volume 62, archived from the original on 24 March 2023, page 115
* ↑ “obelìs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 824 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
* ↑ Kortlandt, Frederik (2013) Palatovelars before syllabic resonants: another look‎

### Further reading

* Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1893–1894) Die Alten Thraker: Eine ethnologische Untersuchung (Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe; 128, 130, 131) (in German), volume II, Vienna, pages 34–35
* Georgiev, Vladimir I. (1977) Trakite i texnijat ezik [The Thracians and their language], Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bulgarskata Akademija na Naukite, page 14
* Velkova, Živka (1986) The Thracian Glosses: Contribution to the Study of the Thracian Vocabulary, Amsterdam: Hakkert, →ISBN, pages 62–63
* Blažek, Vaclav (2004) “Indo-European «apple(s)»”, in Die Indogermanistik und ihre Anrainer, Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 11–30
* Hamp, Eric Pratt (1960) “Palatal before resonant in Albanian”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 76, Göttingen, pages 275–80