# 基督
## Chinese
### Etymology

First attested in the manuscripts of French Catholic missionary Jean Basset's (c. 1662–1707) Classical Chinese translation of the New Testament, and possibly abbreviated from the pre-existing translation 基利斯督. Although Basset's manuscripts were not widely circulated, they were consulted by British Protestant missionary Robert Morrison, who used 基督 in his own Chinese translations of the Bible in the early 19th century. The term 基督 subsequently gained popularity and replaced other tetrasyllabic translations of "Christ" (e.g. 基利斯督) in the mid-19th century.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Jīdū
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄉㄨ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): Җидў (Židw, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei$^1$ duk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei$^1$ uuk$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Kî-tuk
    (Hailu, HRS): gi$^ˋ$ dug
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^1$ dug$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): Gí-dŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): Gĭ-dók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi$^1$ dorh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Ki-tok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^1$ dog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ci-toq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jīdū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄉㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jidu
*** Wade–Giles: Chi$^1$-tu$^1$
*** Yale: Jī-dū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jidu
*** Palladius: Цзиду (Czidu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Җидў (Židw, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²⁴ tu²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ duk$^1$
*** Yale: gēi dūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ duk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ dug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gei$^1$ uuk$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei³³ ɵk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kî-tuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$ dug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$ dug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ tuk̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˋ$ dug
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³ tuk⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gi$^1$ dug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʊk̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Gí-dŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁴ tu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Gĭ-dók
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(t-)}$louʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gi$^1$ dorh$^6$ [Phonetic: gi$^2$ dorh$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Gi-Do̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵³³⁻¹³ tɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gi$^1$ dorh$^6$ [Phonetic: gi$^2$ dorh$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵³³⁻¹³ tɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ki-tok
*** Tâi-lô: Ki-tok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki'dog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ tɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^1$ dog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki tok
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³³⁻²³ tok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ci-toq
*** MiniDict: ci$^平$ toh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ji-toq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ toʔ²¹/

### Proper noun

基督
* Christ
** 1837, “星宿”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統紀傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 168:
       Dāngrì, wǒ jiùshìzhǔ jiàngshēng, yǒu xiánrén zì dōngfāng xún zhì Yóutài guó, wèn qí xīng zhī ān zài. Yǒu yún: “Wú zài dōngfāng, céng jiàn qí xīng, jīn lái fú bài zhī ěr.” Wáng wén yán hàiyí, jì jīngdū zhī mín jiē rán. Gù zhào jìsī shǒu rén, bìng mín zhōng shūshì, yì ér wèn yuē: “Jīdū hé shēng?” Yī zhǐ qí yì yǐ. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

| Branch | Words |
| Protestant | 基督 |
| Roman Catholic | 基督 |
| Eastern Orthodox | 基督, 合利斯托斯 dated |
| Church of the East | 彌施訶, 彌師訶 |

#### Derived terms

* 反基督 (fǎn-Jīdū, “antichrist”)
* 基督城 (Jīdūchéng)
* 基督徒 (Jīdūtú)
* 基督復臨安息日會 / 基督复临安息日会 (Jīdūfùlín'ānxīrìhuì)
* 基督教 (Jīdūjiào)
* 基督教徒 (Jīdūjiàotú)
* 基督教派
* 基督新教 (Jīdūxīnjiào)
* 基督聖體節 / 基督圣体节
* 基督論 / 基督论 (jīdūlùn)
* 敵基督 / 敌基督 (díjīdū)
* 耶穌基督 / 耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū)

### References

* ↑ 松田裕 (1982) “宛字「基督」考”, in 国語学, pages 44–51

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 基 | 督 |
| キリスト ||
| Grade: 5 (ateji) | Grade: S (ateji) |
| jukujikun ||

### Etymology

Imported by Jesuit scribes from Jesuit translations into Chinese, coined originally in Chinese texts as an abbreviation of transcription 基利斯督 (originally Kirishito in Japanese phonology, later shifting in Japanese to Kirisuto). First attested in the 1590s.
This spelling was standard until roughly the mid-Meiji era (1890s), since which time the katakana spelling キリスト has become more common.

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 基督 – see the following entry. :
| 【キリスト】 | [proper noun] Christ |
(This term, 基督, is an alternative spelling (ateji) of the above term.) :

### Descendants

* → Korean: 기독 (Gidok)
* → Vietnamese: Cơ đốc

### References

* 1 2 3 4 “基督”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 基 | 督 |

### Proper noun

基督 • (Gidok) (hangeul 기독)
* hanja form of 기독 (“Christ”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 基 | 督 |

### Proper noun

基督
* chữ Hán form of Cơ đốc (“Christ”).