# runa
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾuˈnaʔ/ [ɾuˈn̪aʔ]
* Hyphenation: ru‧na

### Noun

runâ (Basahan spelling ᜍᜓᜈ)
* Alternative spelling of rona

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈru.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈru.na]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

runa f (plural runes)
* rune

##### Related terms

* rúnic

### Etymology 2

Contraction of ruïna.

#### Noun

runa f (plural runes)
* ruin
    Synonym: ruïna
* debris, rubble
    Synonym: enderroc

##### Derived terms

* enrunar
* runam

### Further reading

* “runa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “runa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “runa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “runa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Swedish runa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈruna]

### Noun

runa f
* rune

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “runa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “runa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “runa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Gothic
### Romanization

rūna
* Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse runa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrʏːna/
* Rhymes: -ʏːna

### Noun

runa f (genitive singular runu, nominative plural runur)
* row, sequence
    Synonym: röð
* string of letters or names, enumeration
    Synonyms: romsa, þula, upptalning
* rigmarole
    Synonyms: romsa, langloka
* (mathematics) series, sequence

#### Declension
### Anagrams

* raun

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin rūna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.na/
* Rhymes: -una
* Hyphenation: rù‧na

### Noun

runa f (plural rune)
* rune

#### Related terms

* runico

### Anagrams

* urna

## Latin
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension
* dart or javelin
* rune

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

### References

* “runa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "runa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* runa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

runa f (4th declension)
* speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language)
    runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi ― speech ability, skills, disorders
    runas orgāni, aparāts ― speech organs, apparatus
    iekšēja runa ― internal speech, internal monologue
    ātra runa ― fast speech; a quick question
    izteiksmīga runa ― expressive speech
    runas veids ― way, style of speaking
    bērnu runa ― children's talk
* talk, words (what is said by someone)
    par ko ir runa? — what (are you) talking about?
    par to nevar būt ne runas ― about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question
    ticēt glaimu runām ― to believe flattering words
    runas apklusa ― the talking (= people) became silent
* speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public)
    runas māksla ― the art of speech, oratory
    oratora runa ― the speaker's talk
    apsveikuma runa ― welcome speech
    teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu ― to deliver a speech
    publiskā runa ― public speech
    galda runa ― table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech
* (grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)
    tiešā, netiešā runa ― direct, indirect speech
* (chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk
    tukšas runas ― empty rumors
    kaimiņu runas ― neighbors' talk
    zināt no ļaužu runām ― to know from people's talk, by hearsay
    neklausīties ļaužu runās ― don't listen to people's talk

#### Derived terms

* aizruna
* ieruna
* noruna
* paruna
* runāt
* runīgs, runīgums, runība
* saruna

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “runāt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Maori
### Etymology

Cognate with Tahitian nuna “amalgamation” and nunā “people, nation”. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

runa
* to tie up, to draw together
* to secure
* to keep close, to gather
* to assemble

#### Derived terms

* runanga

### References

* ↑ Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 434
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “runaga”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “runa”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 410
* “runa” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Mapudungun
### Noun

runa (Raguileo spelling)
* a handful

### References

* Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruːnɑ/

### Noun

rūna f
* nominative plural of rūn
* accusative plural of rūn

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old English rūn, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa).

### Noun

rūna f
* mystery, secret
* rune

#### Declension
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -una
* Syllabification: ru‧na

### Etymology 1

Derived from Old Norse rún.

#### Noun

runa f (related adjective runiczny or runicki or runowy or runiany)
* (chiefly in the plural, historical) rune (letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons)
* (chiefly in the plural, poetry) rune (Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)

##### Related terms

* runolog
* runologia

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

runa n
* inflection of runo:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Further reading

* runy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* runy in PWN's encyclopedia

### Anagrams

* urna

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from French rune, from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁũ.nɐ/ [ˈhũ.nɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁũ.nɐ/ [ˈhũ.nɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁũ.nɐ/ [ˈχũ.nɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁu.na/ [ˈhu.na]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁu.nɐ/
* Hyphenation: ru‧na

### Noun

runa f (plural runas)
* rune

#### Related terms

* rúnico

### References

* ↑ “runa”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “runa”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Quechua
### Noun

runa
* man
* person, human being

#### Descendants

* → Spanish: runa

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rûːna/
* Hyphenation: ru‧na

#### Noun

rȗna f (Cyrillic spelling ру̑на)
* rune

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

runa (Cyrillic spelling руна)
* genitive singular of runo

### References

* “runa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Derived from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈruna]
* Hyphenation: ru‧na

### Noun

runa f (relational adjective runový)
* rune

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “runa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruna/ [ˈru.na]
* Rhymes: -una
* Syllabification: ru‧na

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

#### Noun

runa f (plural runas)
* rune

##### Derived terms

* rúnico
* runo

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Quechua runa (“man”).

#### Noun

runa m (plural runas)
* (colloquial, in Quechua communities) man

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

runa
* feminine singular of runo

### Further reading

* “runa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish run, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

### Noun

runa c
* a rune ((representation of a) letter of the runic alphabet)
* (often in compounds) an obituary (brief biography of a recently deceased person, usually written by a journalist and published in a newspaper)
* a rune (Finnic epic poem)

#### Derived terms

* dalruna
* dödsruna
* hälsingeruna
* lönnruna
* minnesruna
* runalfabet
* runinskrift
* runkalender
* runologi
* runrad
* runristare
* runstav
* runsten
* trollruna

### References

* runa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* runa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* runa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* uran, urna