# group
## English
### Alternative forms

* groop (nonstandard)
* groupe (obsolete)

### Etymology

From French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), from Vulgar Latin *cruppo, Renaissance Latin grupus, from Frankish *krupp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“lump, round mass, body, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”). In the sense of group theory coined (in French, as groupe) by Évariste Galois.
Cognate with German Kropf (“crop, craw, bunch”); Old English cropp, croppa (“cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop”) (whence English crop); Dutch krop (“craw”), Icelandic kroppr (“hump, bunch”). Doublet of crop and croup.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: gro͞op, IPA: /ɡɹuːp/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːp

### Noun

group (plural groups)
* A number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.
** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
** 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
    there is a group of houses behind the hill; he left town to join a Communist group
    A group of people gathered in front of the Parliament to demonstrate against the Prime Minister's proposals.
* (group theory) A set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse.
** 1977, Roger C. Lyndon, Paul E. Schupp, Combinatorial Group Theory, Springer, page 192:Throughout this section, we shall assume the existence of finitely presented groups with unsolvable word problem.
** 1992, Svetlana Katok, Fuchsian Groups, University of Chicago Press, page 112:In this chapter we give some examples of Fuchsian groups. The most interesting and important ones are the so-called "arithmetic" Fuchsian groups, i.e., discrete subgroups of PSL(2,R) obtained by some "arithmetic" operations. One such construction we have already seen: if we choose all matrices of SL(2,R) with integer coefficients, then the corresponding elements of PSL(2,R) form the modular group PSL(2,Z).
** 2007, Zhong-Qi Ma, Group Theory for Physicists, World Scientific, page 277,
    In Chap. 4 the fundamental concepts on Lie groups have been introduced through the SO(3) group and its covering group SU(2).
* (geometry, archaic) An effective divisor on a curve.
* A (usually small) group of people who perform music together.
    Did you see the new jazz group?
* (astronomy) A small number (up to about fifty) of galaxies that are near each other.
* (chemistry) A column in the periodic table of chemical elements.
* (chemistry) A functional group.
    Nitro is an electron-withdrawing group.
* (sociology) A subset of a culture or of a society.
* (military) An air force formation.
* (geology) A collection of formations or rock strata.
* (computing) A number of users with the same rights with respect to accession, modification, and execution of files, computers and peripherals.
* An element of an espresso machine from which hot water pours into the portafilter.
* (music) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.
* (sports) A set of teams playing each other in the same division, while not during the same period playing any teams that belong to other sets in the division.
** 2012 October 15, Sid Lowe, “Spain aim to take 'very big step' towards 2014 World Cup against France”, in The Guardian:It is the third of eight matches that Spain will play in Group I, but the coach Vicente del Bosque has described it as being more akin to the first leg of a cup semi-final.
* (business) A commercial organization.

#### Synonyms

* (number of things or persons being in some relation to each other): collection, set
* (people who perform music together): band, ensemble
* See also Thesaurus:group

#### Hypernyms

* (in group theory): monoid

#### Hyponyms

* Abelian group
* affinity group
* battalion tactical group
* Bianchi group
* book discussion group
* book group
* boy group
* Einsatz group
* encounter group
* factor group
* free group
* fundamental group
* general linear group
* girl group
* informal group
* kinematic group
* Kleinian group
* Lie group
* Local Group
* minority group
* moving group
* p-group
* play group
* pop group
* quotient group
* rap group
* reading group
* silica group
* simple group
* status group
* subgroup
* sub-group
* technical group
* total group
* triangle group
* Tuesday Group
* von Dyck group
* we-group
* youth group

#### Derived terms

* abelian group
* ABO group
* action group
* activity group psychotherapy
* additive group
* advocacy group
* affine group
* age group
* airgroup
* algebraic fundamental group
* algebraic group
* allogroup
* alternating group
* automorphism group
* battlegroup
* biogroup
* block group
* blood group
* boron group
* boundary group
* braid group
* Brauer group
* breakout group
* campaign group
* capturing group
* carbon group
* cell group
* chain group
* chatgroup
* chat group
* Chow group
* chromium group
* circle group
* codegroup
* cogroup
* community group
* commutative group
* control group
* copper group
* Coxeter group
* crown group
* cultigroup
* cybergroup
* cycle group
* cyclic group
* Dakota group
* degroup
* demogroup
* demo group
* derived group
* descent group
* dihedral group
* ecogroup
* e-group
* ethnic group
* Euclidean group
* Eurogroup
* filegroup
* flying saucer group
* focus group
* focus-group
* foregroup
* free abelian group
* friend group
* frieze group
* front group
* Fuchsian group
* galaxy group
* Galois group
* genogroup
* ginger group
* grelfie
* Grothendieck group
* group action
* groupage
* groupality
* group box
* group buying
* group captain
* groupcast
* groupcentric
* group certificate
* group chat
* group dynamics
* group functor
* group home
* group homomorphism
* group hug
* groupie
* groupification
* groupify
* groupish
* groupism
* group isomorphism
* groupist
* group leader
* grouplet
* grouplike
* group marriage
* groupmate
* groupmind
* groupness
* groupo
* group object
* group of death
* group of Lie type
* groupoid
* group operation
* group photo
* group punishment
* group representation
* group representation constituency
* group ring
* group scheme
* group selection
* groupset
* group sex
* groupspeak
* group-specific antigen
* group stage
* group-theoretic
* group theoretic
* group theoretical
* group theoretician
* group theorist
* group theory
* group therapy
* groupthink
* group-think
* groupthinker
* group-thinking
* group velocity
* groupware
* groupwide
* groupwise
* groupwork
* groupy
* grundle
* gyrogroup
* haplogroup
* hate group
* head group
* headgroup
* Heisenberg group
* Hickson compact group
* homegroup
* homology group
* hypergroup
* income group
* in-group
* ingroup
* interest group
* intergroup
* intragroup
* iron group
* isogroup
* lamplighter group
* large group awareness training
* large-group awareness training
* large quasar group
* laughing group
* leaving group
* linear algebraic group
* linear group
* living room group
* lobby group
* locally compact group
* Lorentz group
* macrogroup
* main group
* main group element
* manganese group
* mapping class group
* Markush group
* mastergroup
* matrix group
* megagroup
* metagroup
* misgroup
* Möbius group
* monogenous group
* monophyletic group
* Monster group
* monster group
* multigroup
* music group
* neighbouring group
* neighbouring group participation
* newgroup
* newsgroup
* non-capturing group
* nongroup
* Nottingham group
* orthogonal group
* orthogroup
* outgroup
* out-group
* overgroup
* paragroup
* paratopological group
* pathogroup
* peer group
* permutation group
* phenogroup
* phylogroup
* platinum group
* playgroup
* point group
* pressure group
* profinite group
* prosthetic group
* protecting group
* protogroup
* pseudogroup
* quasigroup
* ratepayers group
* Ree group
* re-group
* renormalization group
* rock group
* scandium group
* Selmer group
* semigroup
* serogroup
* sidegroup
* silica group
* skin group
* skin-group
* social group
* solvable group
* space group
* special interest group
* special linear group
* special unitary group
* splinter group
* sporadic group
* steering group
* stem group
* study group
* subgroup
* supergroup
* support group
* surjunctive group
* Suzuki group
* symbol group
* symmetric group
* symmetry group
* symplectic group
* tag group
* tailgroup
* talkgroup
* target group
* T-group
* titanium group
* Tits group
* topological group
* trivial group
* ungroup
* unitary group
* user group
* vanadium group
* wallpaper group
* Weyl group
* Witt group
* workgroup
* working group
* yeargroup
* year-group
* zinc group

#### Descendants

* → Gulf Arabic: قروب (grūp)
* → Japanese: グループ (gurūpu)
* → Korean: 그룹 (geurup)
* → Tongan: kulupu

#### References

* group on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Verb

group (third-person singular simple present groups, present participle grouping, simple past and past participle grouped)
* (transitive) To put together to form a group.
    group the dogs by hair colour
* (intransitive) To come together to form a group.
** 2021 October 1, Calder Katyal, “Schools Need to Undo the Damage of Pods”, in The Atlantic‎:For many people forming pods last year, finding compatible people to group with was not a cost but a goal.

#### Synonyms

* (put together to form a group): amass, categorise/categorize, classify, collect, collect up, gather, gather together, gather up; see also Thesaurus:round up
* (come together to form a group): assemble, begather, foregather, throng; see also Thesaurus:assemble

#### Derived terms

* groupable

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “group”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “group”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English group. Doublet of 谷.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwup$^1$ / gup$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwup$^1$ / gup$^1$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwup$^7$ / gup$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷuːp̚⁵/, /kuːp̚⁵/

### Noun

group (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* group of people or objects (Classifier: 個／个 c)
* (social media) group

### Classifier

group (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* Classifier for groups of people or objects..