# coma
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkəʊmə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) enPR: kōʹmə, IPA: /ˈkoʊmə/
* Rhymes: (UK) -əʊmə, (US) -oʊmə
* Homophone: comber (non-rhotic)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

coma (plural comas)
* A state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.
    go into a coma
    slip into a coma
    come out of a coma
** 2004, George Carlin, When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?‎, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 208:I wonder if a person who comes out of a coma feels refreshed and well rested.

##### Derived terms

* comalike
* comatic
* comatose
* coma vigil, coma vigile
* dot-coma
* food coma
* hyperosmolar coma
* hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketoic coma
* induced coma
* precoma
* pseudocoma
* semicoma
* turkey coma

##### Related terms

* comatose

##### See also

* persistent vegetative state
* brain death

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

#### Noun

coma (plural comae)
* (astronomy) A cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.
* (optics) A defect characterized by diffuse, pear-shaped images that in an ideal image would appear as points.
* (botany) A tuft or bunch, such as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree, a cluster of bracts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant, or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* AMOC, OAMC, camo, maco

## Asturian
### Verb

coma
* first/third-person singular present subjunctive of comer

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈko.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈko.ma]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

coma m (plural comes)
* coma (deep sleep)

##### Related terms

* comatós

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

#### Noun

coma f (plural comes)
* comma (punctuation mark)
* (music) comma (type of rest)

##### Derived terms

* cometa
* punt i coma

### Etymology 3

From Gaulish *kumba, from Proto-Celtic *kumbā (“valley”). Compare Occitan comba, French combe.

#### Noun

coma f (plural comes)
* combe, cwm, cirque
    Synonym: circ
* an alpine meadow situated between two peaks

##### Derived terms

* comal
* comella
* comellar

##### Related terms

* com

### Further reading

* “coma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “coma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “coma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “coma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoː.maː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: co‧ma
* Rhymes: -oːmaː

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma).

#### Noun

coma n (plural coma's)
* coma (state of unconsciousness)

##### Derived terms

* comakijken
* comateus
* comazuipen

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin coma, from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē).

#### Noun

coma f (plural coma's, diminutive comaatje n)
* coma (head of a comet)

## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cōma, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: comas

### Noun

coma m (plural comas)
* coma (state of unconsciousness)
** 1825, Etienne-Marin Bailly, Traité anatomico-pathologique des fièvres intermittentes simples et pernicieuses:Le coma suivi de symptômes convulsifs, est moins dangereux que lorsqu’il leur succède, à moins que dans ce dernier cas il soit nerveux, et que le malade se réveille facilement, on exécute, sinon des mouvements volontaires, au moins des mouvements automatiques.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* comater
* comateux

#### Descendants

* → Persian: کما (komâ)
* → Turkish: koma

### Further reading

* “coma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkomɐ/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese coma, this from Latin como plus either ad or ac.

#### Conjunction

coma
* as (to the same degree that)
    Non es tan alto coma Xan ― You're not as tall as John.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese coma (“mane”), from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

#### Noun

coma f (plural comas)
* coma (of a comet)
* mane (of a horse)
    Synonym: crina

### Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

#### Noun

coma f (plural comas)
* (typography) comma
    Synonym: vírgula

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

coma m (plural comas)
* coma (deep sleep)

##### Related terms

* comatoso

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

coma
* inflection of comer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “coma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “coma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “coma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “coma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “coma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Further reading

* “coma”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Interlingua
### Noun

coma (uncountable)
* coma

#### Related terms

* comatose

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔ.ma/
* Rhymes: -ɔma
* Hyphenation: cò‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), borrowed from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē).

#### Noun

coma f (plural come)
* (literary, obsolete) Synonym of chioma
* (optics, uncountable) coma

#### Further reading

* coma$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

#### Noun

coma m (plural comi)
* (typography) Alternative form of comma (“punctuation mark”)

#### Further reading

* coma$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

coma m (invariable)
* coma (deep sleep)

##### Related terms

* comatoso

#### Further reading

* coma$^3$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* camo, macò, moca

## Ladin
### Noun

coma f (plural comes)
* (Val di Fassa, law) subsection
* (Val di Fassa, orthography) comma
    Synonym: vìrgola

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair of the head”). For sense 2, compare crīniō (“to cover with leaves, or hair”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈko.ma/, [ˈkɔmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈko.ma/, [ˈkɔːmä]

### Noun

coma f (genitive comae); first declension
* The hair of the head.
    Synonyms: crīnis, capillus
* foliage, ears, blades, stalks of trees, grass (as though resembling hair)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* comātus
* comula

#### Related terms

* comētēs

#### Descendants

* Albanian: komë
* Aragonese: coma
* Aromanian: coamã
* English: coma
* Italian: coma, chioma
* Portuguese: coma
* Romanian: coamă
* Spanish: coma

### References

* “coma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “coma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "coma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “coma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “coma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkõ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkõ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈko.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈko.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -omɐ
* Hyphenation: co‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

coma m (plural comas)
* coma, state of unconsciousness

##### Related terms

* comatoso

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin coma.

#### Noun

coma f (plural comas)
* abundant hair of the head
    Synonym: cabeleira
* mane
* (astronomy) comet coma

#### See also

* crina

### Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

#### Noun

coma f (plural comas)
* (archaic, grammar) comma
* (music) comma
* (music) eighth rest

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

coma
* inflection of comer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “coma”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “coma”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “coma” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “coma”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “coma”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “coma”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish cummae, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm-smiyo-, from *ḱóm (“beside, with, by”) + *sem- (“one, as one”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰomə/

### Adjective

coma
* indifferent, unconcerned
    Tha e coma. ― He couldn't care less.
    'S mi a tha coma dè thachras. ― I don't give a damn what happens.
    Coma de sin! ― Never mind that! Forget that!
    Is coma sin ― It doesn't matter.
* reckless, careless
* expressing dislike or even hate when used with le
    Is coma leam thu ― I hate you.
    Is coma leis an rìgh Eòghann agus is coma le Eòghann co-dhiù ― The king doesn't like Eòghann, but Eòghann doesn't care whether the king likes him or not.

#### Derived terms

* coma-co-dhiù

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cummae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoma/ [ˈko.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -oma
* Syllabification: co‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin comma.

#### Noun

coma f (plural comas)
* comma (punctuation mark)
* (church) misericord
* (music) section

##### Derived terms

* coma decimal
* coma flotante
* comilla
* con puntos y comas
* en cero coma
* punto y coma
* sin faltar una coma

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

coma m (plural comas)
* coma (deep sleep)

##### Related terms

* comatoso

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin coma.

#### Noun

coma f (plural comas)
* (rare) mane
    Synonym: crin

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

coma
* inflection of comer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “coma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “coma”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English comma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔma/

### Noun

coma m (plural comas)
* comma
    Synonym: atalnod

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.