# 團

| 團 | U+5718, &#22296; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5718 |
| ← 圗 [U+5717] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 圙 → [U+5719] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 團 |
| Shinjitai | 団 |
| Simplified | 团 |

### Han character

團 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 田十戈戈 (WJII), four-corner 6034$_3$, composition ⿴囗專)

#### Derived characters

* 𡁴, 㩛, 𣎫, 檲, 糰, 𧓘, 𬣍(𬣫), 𩼯

#### Descendants

* 団 (Japanese shinjitai)
* 团 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 221, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4834
* Dae Jaweon: page 452, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 725, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5718

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 竱 | *toːn, *tjonʔ |
| 團 | *doːn |
| 摶 | *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ |
| 篿 | *doːn, *tjon |
| 慱 | *doːn |
| 剸 | *doːn, *tjonʔ, *tjons |
| 鄟 | *doːn, *tjon, *djonʔ |
| 漙 | *doːn |
| 鷒 | *doːn, *tjon |
| 轉 | *tonʔ, *tons |
| 傳 | *tons, *don, *dons |
| 囀 | *tons |
| 縳 | *donʔ, *dons |
| 專 | *tjon |
| 磚 | *tjon |
| 甎 | *tjon |
| 塼 | *tjon |
| 嫥 | *tjon |
| 膞 | *tjon, *tjonʔ, *djonʔ |
| 鱄 | *tjon, *tjonʔ |
| 蓴 | *djun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːn): semantic 囗 + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tuán (tuan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tuan$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tyun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ton$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thòn
    (Hailu, HRS): ton
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ton$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tuan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): tǔing
* Eastern Min (BUC): tuàng / diòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): duang$^2$ / duong$^2$ / tuang$^2$ / tuong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thoân / thn̂g / thûiⁿ / thn̍gh / tôaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tuang$^5$ / tuêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$doe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): donn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻuan$^2$
*** Yale: twán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twan
*** Palladius: туань (tuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯än³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuánr
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄢˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuánr
*** Wade–Giles: tʻuan$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: twánr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twal
*** Palladius: туаньр (tuanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɑɻ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tuan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tuan
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tyun$^4$
*** Yale: tyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tün$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰyːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔn⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ton$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɵn²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ton$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ton$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰon¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ton
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰon⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ton$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰɔn¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tuan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuæ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tǔing
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tuàng / diòng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuaŋ⁵³/, /tuoŋ⁵³/
* tuàng - literary;
* diòng - vernacular (“united; assembled; to form a circle”, e.g. 團團).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit團 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰuan³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tʰuan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tʰuan⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tʰuã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʰuã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tʰuan⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tʰuã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tʰuã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /tʰuan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tʰuɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tʰuan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /tʰan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /tʰuan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /tʰuan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /tʰuã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /tʰuaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tʰʊ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰuæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tuɑŋ¹³/ ～住 /tʰuɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tʰuæ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dø²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /dø¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /duõ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /dø³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰo⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tuːə⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tõ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /dɔn¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɵn²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰon¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʰon¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰyn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tʰyn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tʰyn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰuan³⁵/ /tʰŋ̍³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰuaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰuiŋ²¹/ /tuiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰuaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /huaŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dwan
Rime :
| Character | 團 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 度官切 |
| Baxter | dwan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dwan/ |
| Li Rong | /duɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /duɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[d]ˤon/
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 團 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dwan › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[d]ˁon/ |
| English | round, plenty |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 團 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17665 |
| Phonetic component | 專 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 團 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːn/ |

### Definitions

團
* sphere; ball; circle
    團團圍住／团团围住 ― tuántuán wéizhù ― to encircle
    蒲團／蒲团 ― pútuán ― cushion (circular in shape)
* to roll (into a ball)
* mass; lump
    麵團／面团 ― miàntuán ― dough
* Classifier for round, lumpy, or amorphous objects.
    一團泥／一团泥 ― yītuán ní ― a clod; a lump of soil
    一團和氣／一团和气 ― yītuánhéqì ― "a ball of friendly air"
* group; collective; panel; team; organization
    選舉人團／选举人团 ― xuǎnjǔréntuán ― electoral college
    財團／财团 ― cáituán ― financial group
    團體／团体 ― tuántǐ ― team; collective
    樂團／乐团 ― yuètuán ― music ensemble; orchestra
** tour group arranged by travel agency
       Nǐmen zhèi tuánr dōu ānpái le shénme xiàngmu a? [Pinyin]
       What kind of programs do you provide for this tour group?
* (figurative, in compounds) tightly; completely; as an inseparable collective (suggestive of circles or tightly knit groups)
    團結／团结 ― tuánjié ― to unite; to join each other; to stick together
    團圓／团圆 ― tuányuán ― to reunite; to get together (with family members)
* (military) regiment; corps
* (military or paramilitary) formation; troops; armed organization
    軍團／军团 ― jūntuán ― legion
    團練／团练 ― tuánliàn ― militia; local paramilitary organization
* (Mainland China) Short for 共青團／共青团 (gòngqīngtuán, “Communist Youth League”).
    團派／团派 ― tuánpài ― (Communist Youth) League Faction (Hu Jintao's faction)
* (graph theory) clique

#### Usage notes

(military): Under the National Revolutionary Army, a regiment of infantry was composed of three battalions (營) and some miscellaneous companies (連). In turn, two regiments formed a brigade (旅). Three regiments could be formed into a triangular division, where the brigade structure was absent, as a division (整編師 / 編制師).

### Compounds

* 一團 / 一团 (yītuán)
* 一團和氣 / 一团和气 (yītuánhéqì)
* 一團漆黑 / 一团漆黑 (yītuánqīhēi)
* 一團火 / 一团火 (yītuánhuǒ)
* 一團糟 / 一团糟 (yītuánzāo)
* 中介社團 / 中介社团
* 主席團 / 主席团 (zhǔxítuán)
* 亂成一團 / 乱成一团
* 亂集團 / 乱集团
* 交戰團體 / 交战团体
* 交響樂團 / 交响乐团 (jiāoxiǎngyuètuán)
* 人民團體 / 人民团体 (rénmín tuántǐ)
* 代表團 / 代表团 (dàibiǎotuán)
* 企業集團 / 企业集团 (qǐyè jítuán)
* 伙食團
* 使節團 / 使节团
* 僑團 / 侨团
* 公使團 / 公使团
* 共產集團 / 共产集团
* 共青團 / 共青团 (gòngqīngtuán)
* 兵團 / 兵团 (bīngtuán)
* 冷氣團 / 冷气团
* 刓團 / 刓团
* 利益團體 / 利益团体 (lìyì tuántǐ)
* 初級團體 / 初级团体
* 剔團圓 / 剔团圆
* 剔團圞 / 剔团𪢮
* 劇團 / 剧团 (jùtuán)
* 功能團體 / 功能团体 (gōngnéng tuántǐ)
* 勞工團體 / 劳工团体
* 勞軍團 / 劳军团
* 包髻團衫 / 包髻团衫
* 原子團 / 原子团
* 合唱團 / 合唱团 (héchàngtuán)
* 商團 / 商团 (shāngtuán)
* 團丁 / 团丁
* 團主 / 团主
* 團伙 (tuánhuǒ)
* 團剝 / 团剥
* 團勇 / 团勇
* 團匪 / 团匪
* 團友 / 团友 (tuányǒu)
* 團員 / 团员 (tuányuán)
* 團圍 / 团围
* 團圓 / 团圆 (tuányuán)
* 團圓節 / 团圆节 (tuányuánjié)
* 團團 / 团团 (tuántuán)
* 團團圍住 / 团团围住
* 團團轉 / 团团转 (tuántuánzhuàn)
* 團圞 / 团𪢮 (tuánluán)
* 團坐 / 团坐 (tuánzuò)
* 團城山 / 团城山 (Tuánchéngshān)
* 團契 / 团契 (tuánqì)
* 團山寺 / 团山寺 (Tuánshānsì)
* 團康 / 团康
* 團弄 / 团弄
* 團扇 / 团扇 (tuánshàn)
* 團扇妾 / 团扇妾
* 團拜 / 团拜 (tuánbài)
* 團掿 / 团掿
* 團書 / 团书
* 團林鋪 / 团林铺 (Tuánlínpù)
* 團案 / 团案
* 團欒 / 团栾 (tuánluán)
* 團沙群島 / 团沙群岛 (Tuánshā Qúndǎo)
* 團牌 / 团牌
* 團瓢 / 团瓢
* 團礦 / 团矿
* 團社 / 团社
* 團空 / 团空
* 團管區 / 团管区
* 團粒 / 团粒
* 團結 / 团结 (tuánjié)
* 團結一心 / 团结一心
* 團練 / 团练 (tuánliàn)
* 團聚 / 团聚 (tuánjù)
* 團臉 / 团脸
* 團臍 / 团脐
* 團花 / 团花
* 團茶 / 团茶
* 團荷 / 团荷
* 團著 / 团著
* 團藻 / 团藻 (tuánzǎo)
* 團行 / 团行
* 團身 / 团身
* 團長 / 团长 (tuánzhǎng)
* 團陂 / 团陂 (Tuánpí)
* 團隊 / 团队 (tuánduì)
* 團隊精神 / 团队精神 (tuánduì jīngshén)
* 團音 / 团音
* 團頭 / 团头
* 團頭團臉 / 团头团脸
* 團頭聚面 / 团头聚面
* 團風 / 团风 (Tuánfēng)
* 團香扇 / 团香扇
* 團體 / 团体 (tuántǐ)
* 團體協約 / 团体协约
* 團體意識 / 团体意识
* 團體操 / 团体操 (tuántǐcāo)
* 團體治療 / 团体治疗 (tuántǐ zhìliáo)
* 團體行動 / 团体行动
* 團體規範 / 团体规范
* 團體輔導 / 团体辅导
* 團魚 / 团鱼 (tuányú)
* 團龍 / 团龙
* 團龍兒 / 团龙儿
* 報團 / 报团 (bàotuán)
* 壓力團體 / 压力团体 (yālì tuántǐ)
* 外交團 / 外交团 (wàijiāotuán)
* 大兵團 / 大兵团
* 大團圓 / 大团圆 (dàtuányuán)
* 大團白臉 / 大团白脸
* 大團結 / 大团结 (dàtuánjié)
* 大陪審團 / 大陪审团 (dà péishěntuán)
* 大陸氣團 / 大陆气团
* 婦女團體 / 妇女团体
* 尖團 / 尖团 (jiāntuán)
* 尖團字 / 尖团字
* 尖團音 / 尖团音 (jiāntuányīn)
* 工業團體 / 工业团体
* 師團 / 师团 (shītuán)
* 年團子 / 年团子
* 忙作一團 / 忙作一团
* 慌成一團 / 慌成一团
* 成團打塊 / 成团打块
* 打團 / 打团
* 打成一團 / 打成一团
* 指破迷團 / 指破迷团
* 採購團 / 采购团
* 搓粉團朱 / 搓粉团朱
* 擠成一團 / 挤成一团
* 救國團 / 救国团
* 教團 / 教团 (jiàotuán)
* 教練團 / 教练团
* 教育團體 / 教育团体
* 旅行劇團 / 旅行剧团
* 旅行團 / 旅行团 (lǚxíngtuán)
* 星團 / 星团 (xīngtuán)
* 智囊團 / 智囊团 (zhìnángtuán)
* 暖氣團 / 暖气团
* 月團 / 月团
* 東歐集團 / 东欧集团
* 柏林劇團 / 柏林剧团
* 樂團 / 乐团 (yuètuán)
* 次級團體 / 次级团体
* 歌舞團 / 歌舞团
* 正集團 / 正集团
* 毛團 / 毛团 (máotuán)
* 毛團把戲 / 毛团把戏
* 民團 / 民团
* 民間團體 / 民间团体
* 氣團 / 气团 (qìtuán)
* 水團 / 水团
* 溜冰團 / 溜冰团
* 漁民團體 / 渔民团体
* 漆黑一團 / 漆黑一团 (qīhēiyītuán)
* 潑毛團 / 泼毛团
* 潑花團 / 泼花团
* 球狀星團 / 球状星团 (qiúzhuàng xīngtuán)
* 畢宿星團 / 毕宿星团
* 疑團 / 疑团 (yítuán)
* 白團 / 白团
* 白團扇 / 白团扇
* 破產財團 / 破产财团
* 社團 / 社团 (shètuán)
* 秋風團扇 / 秋风团扇
* 笑成一團 / 笑成一团
* 管弦樂團 / 管弦乐团 (guǎnxián yuètuán)
* 粉團兒 / 粉团儿
* 精誠團結 / 精诚团结
* 綜藝團 / 综艺团
* 義和團 / 义和团 (Yìhétuán)
* 考察團 / 考察团 (kǎochátuán)
* 職業團體 / 职业团体
* 膿團 / 脓团
* 舞團 / 舞团
* 花團 / 花团
* 花團錦簇 / 花团锦簇 (huātuánjǐncù)
* 草團瓢 / 草团瓢
* 蒲團 / 蒲团 (pútuán)
* 西歐集團 / 西欧集团
* 觀光團 / 观光团 (guānguāngtuán)
* 訪問團 / 访问团
* 謎團 / 谜团 (mítuán)
* 變性氣團 / 变性气团
* 財團 / 财团 (cáituán)
* 財團法人 / 财团法人
* 軍團 / 军团 (jūntuán)
* 農技團 / 农技团
* 農民團體 / 农民团体
* 巡迴劇團 / 巡回剧团
* 鄉團 / 乡团
* 銀行團 / 银行团
* 防護團 / 防护团
* 陪審團 / 陪审团 (péishěntuán)
* 集團 / 集团 (jítuán)
* 集團結婚 / 集团结婚
* 面團團 / 面团团
* 風團 / 风团 (fēngtuán)
* 馬戲團 / 马戏团 (mǎxìtuán)
* 騎兵團 / 骑兵团
* 骨肉團圓 / 骨肉团圆
* 骨肉團圞 / 骨肉团𪢮
* 麵團 / 面团 (miàntuán)
* 麻做一團 / 麻做一团
* 麻團 / 麻团
* 黃毛團兒 / 黄毛团儿
* 黑漆一團 / 黑漆一团
* 黨團 / 党团 (dǎngtuán)
* 黨團會議 / 党团会议 (dǎng tuán huìyì)
* 龍團 / 龙团

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: đoàn (團)
Others:
* → Lü: ᦒᦸᧃᧉ (thoan²)

### References

* “團”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 団 |
| Kyūjitai | 團 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 団)
* association

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): だん (dan)、とん (ton)、どん (don)
* Kun: まるい (marui, 團い)、かたまり (katamari, 團)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 團 (MC dwan).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ta̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [단]

### Hanja

Wikisource 團 (eumhun 둥글 단 (dunggeul dan))
* hanja form of 단 (“group”)

#### Compounds

* 경단 (瓊團, gyeongdan)
* 공단 (公團, gongdan)
* 교단 (敎團, gyodan)
* 군단 (軍團, gundan)
* 극단 (劇團, geukdan)
* 단결 (團結, dan'gyeol)
* 단란 (團欒, dallan)
* 단속 (團束, dansok)
* 단원 (團圓, danwon)
* 단자 (團子, danja)
* 단장 (團長, danjang)
* 단지 (團地, danji)
* 단체 (團體, danche)
* 단합 (團合, danhap)
* 대표단 (代表團, daepyodan)
* 분단 (分團, bundan)
* 사단 (師團, sadan)
* 사단 (社團, sadan)
* 악단 (樂團, akdan)
* 여단/려단 (旅團, yeodan/ryeodan)
* 의단 (疑團, uidan)
* 일단 (一團, ildan)
* 자경단 (自警團, jagyeongdan)
* 재단 (財團, jaedan)
* 집단 (集團, jipdan)
* 포단 (蒲團, podan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

團: Hán Nôm readings: đoàn
* group
* party
* corps