# 芫

| 芫 | U+82AB, &#33451; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82AB |
| ← 芪 [U+82AA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 芬 → [U+82AC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿一一山 (TMMU), four-corner 4421$_1$, composition ⿱艹元)

#### Derived characters

* 𡝴, 𢯥, 𭰳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30727
* Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3178, character 1
* Unihan data for U+82AB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋon): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuán (yuan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): goân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang$^5$ / nguêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnioe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$
*** Yale: ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
*** Tâi-lô: guân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nguang$^5$ / nguêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnioe
*** MiniDict: nyoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyyoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/
* Middle Chinese: ngjwon
Rime :
| Character | 芫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 愚袁切 |
| Baxter | ngjwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuan/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋon/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16148 |
| Phonetic component | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 元 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋon/ |

#### Definitions

芫
* (～花) Daphne genkwa (a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine)

#### Compounds

* 芫花 (yuánhuā)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yán, yuán
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ, ㄩㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun$^4$ / jim$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yon$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ien$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yan$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ie$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iân / ian / oan / oân / goân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^5$ / uêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnioe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ie$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$
*** Yale: ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛn²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$ / jim$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn / yìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$ / jim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$ / yim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/, /jiːm²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jᵘɔn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ien$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋuoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /iɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
*** Tâi-lô: ian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
*** IPA (Lukang): /iɛn³³/
** (Hokkien: Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
*** Tâi-lô: uan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
*** IPA (Kinmen): /uan⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
*** Tâi-lô: uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
*** IPA (Penang): /uan²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
*** Tâi-lô: guân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴/
* iân/ian/oan/oân - vernacular;
* goân - literary.

#### Definitions

芫
* Only used in 芫荽 (yánsuī) and its regional synonyms.

#### Compounds

* 芫茜
* 芫荽 (yánsuī)

### References

* “芫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): げん (gen)、がん (gan)
* Kun: さつまふじ (satsumafuji)、ふじもど (fujimodo)

## Korean
### Hanja

芫 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

芫: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.