# lens
## English
### Alternative forms

* (misspelling) lense

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”), with Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of “lens”, a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɛnz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnz

### Noun

lens (plural lenses or (obsolete) lens or (rare) lentes)
* (optics) An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.
** 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. That’s because the lenses that are excellent at magnifying tiny subjects produce a narrow depth of field.
* A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams.
* (geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune.
* (biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean.
* (anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.
** 2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.
* (earth science) A body of rock, ice, or water shaped like a convex lens.
* (programming) A construct used in statically-typed functional programming languages to access nested data structures.
* (by extension, figuratively) A way of looking, literally or figuratively, at something.
** 2004 April 11, Ann Hulbert, “Are the Kids All Right?”, in The New York Times Magazine, page 11:If "the public looks at the condition of America's children largely through a negative lens," worries Child Trends […] , "it may be more difficult to […] promote child well-being."
** 2023 April 26, Benjamin Lee, quoting Steven Spielberg, “Steven Spielberg: ‘No film should be revised’ based on modern sensitivity”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:No film should be revised based on the lenses we now are, either voluntarily, or being forced to peer through.

#### Derived terms

* achromatic lens
* Barlow lens
* best form lens
* burning lens
* capsule of lens
* circle contact lens
* circle lens
* close-up lens
* contact lens
* converging lens
* convex lens
* corrective lens
* corrugated lens
* delens
* echelon lens
* explosive lens
* eye lens
* field lens
* fish-eye lens
* fisheye lens
* Fresnel lens
* goniolens
* gravitational lens
* hyperlens
* immersion lens
* kit lens
* lensatic
* lens blank
* lens board
* lens brush
* lens cap
* lensectomy
* lenser
* lens flare
* lensfree
* lenshound
* lensless
* lenslet
* lenslike
* lens louse
* lensmaker
* lensmaking
* lensman
* lensmeter
* lensoid
* lensoidal
* lensometry
* lenswoman
* lenticel
* lenticular
* lenticule
* lentil
* lentoid
* long-focus lens
* long lens
* macrolens
* macro lens
* magnetic lens
* metalens
* microlens
* multiplying lens
* nanolens
* narrow-angle lens
* normal lens
* objective lens
* pancake lens
* pebble lens
* Petzval lens
* prime lens
* semilens
* shoot the lens
* single-lens reflex
* single lens reflex
* spot lens
* standard lens
* sublens
* superlens
* telephotographic lens
* telephoto lens
* varifocal lens
* water lens
* wide-angle lens
* zoom lens

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: লেন্স (lenś)
* → Turkish: lens

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

lens (third-person singular simple present lenses, present participle lensing, simple past and past participle lensed)
* (transitive, cinematography) To film, shoot.
** 2020 May 7, Katie Rife, “If you’re looking to jump in your seat, make a playdate with Z”, in The Onion AV Club‎, archived from the original on 16 May 2020:It’s set in an anonymous, upper-middle-class suburb, lensed in the generic gunmetal gray that will one day appear as dated as the fuzzy outlines of ’80s direct-to-video horror movies.
* (geology) To become thinner towards the edges.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* NLEs

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch lens, from Latin lēns (“lentil”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

lens (plural lense)
* lens

## Danish
### Noun

lens n
* genitive singular indefinite of len
* genitive plural indefinite of len

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɛns/
* Hyphenation: lens
* Rhymes: -ɛns

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”).

#### Noun

lens f (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)
* (optics) optical lens
* crystalline lens in the eye

##### Derived terms

* contactlens
* lensafsluiter
* lensdop
* ooglens
* telelens

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: lens
* → Indonesian: lensa
* → Japanese: レンズ (renzu)
* → Papiamentu: lèns

### Etymology 2

Probably related to lans (“lance”).

#### Noun

lens m (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)
* (historical) a type of barbless harpoon used for killing whales

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch lense, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant of Middle Dutch lunse (see luns), or perhaps a dialectal borrowing from Old Frisian *lens, *lenis, from Proto-West Germanic *lunis, related to Old English lynis (“linchpin”).

#### Noun

lens f (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)
* Alternative form of luns

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

lens (comparative lenzer, superlative meest lens or lenst)
* empty
* weak, flaccid

##### Derived terms

* lensklep
* lensleiding
* lenspomp
* lenswater
* lenzen

##### Descendants

* Petjo: lens

### Anagrams

* snel

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Cognate with Votic lensi.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈlens/, [ˈlʲe̞nz̠]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈlens/, [ˈle̞nʒ̥]
* Rhymes: -ens
* Hyphenation: lens

### Noun

lens
* glow, gleam
** 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 43:Illoittee ussian kymmenän kilometran pääst näkkyy lens, kumpa ono elektrovalkiaal valaistuin kombinatan hoonein pääl.In the evenings, the glow over the industrial complex's buildings that are flooded with electrical light, are visible from multiple kilometers away.

#### Synonyms

* äky

## Latin
### Etymology 1

Unknown, likely a borrowing from an unidentified source.
Compare Old High German linsa (“lentil”), Lithuanian lęšis (“lentil”), Proto-Slavic *lęťa (“lentil”), and Albanian lend (“acorn”), sounding too similar for a coincidence, however different enough to prohibit reconstruction of a common PIE protoform. May also be related to Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros).
If ultimately a non-IE substrate loanword, locating the source is virtually impossible because cultivation of lentil was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /lens/, [ɫ̪ẽːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /lens/, [lɛns]

#### Noun

lēns f (genitive lentis); third declension
* lentil
* (Medieval Latin) lens

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

##### Derived terms

* lenticula
* lentīgō

##### Descendants

* Aromanian: linti
* → Catalan: lent
* Friulian: lint
* → Galician: lente
* → Italian: lente
* → Portuguese: lente
* Romanian: linte
* Sicilian: lenti
* → Spanish: lente
* Venetan: lente
* → Tashelhit: tilintit
* → Dutch: lens (learned) (see there for further descendants)
* → English: lens (learned) (see there for further descendants)
* → Proto-West Germanic: *linsī (see there for further descendants)

### Etymology 2

Unknown. According to de Vaan, perhaps a deformed form of what is found as Proto-Slavic *gňìda (“nit”), Proto-Germanic *hnits (“nit”), Ancient Greek κονίς (konís) (gen. κονίδος (konídos)), Armenian անիծ (anic, “nit”); he proposes Proto-Indo-European *dḱ(o)nid- > *dkni-n-d- > *dklind- > Proto-Italic *(d)lind-. However, like the Indo-European cognates, it may be of substrate origin.

#### Noun

lēns f (genitive lendis); third declension
* nit (egg of a louse)

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

##### Descendants

* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: len
** Old French: lent
*** Picard: len
*** Walloon: lin
* Late Latin: lendis (see there for further descendants)

### References

* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
* Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “lens”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 351
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “lens, -dis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 250

### Further reading

* “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Turkish
### Etymology

From English lens; ultimately from Latin lēns.

### Noun

lens (definite accusative lensi, plural lensler)
* contact lens

#### Synonyms

* kontakt/kontak lens