# 釐

| 釐 | U+91D0, &#37328; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91D0 |
| ← 量 [U+91CF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 金 → [U+91D1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

釐 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十大一田土 (JKMWG), four-corner 5821$_4$, composition ⿸𠩺里)

#### Derived characters

* 𧄚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1292, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40146
* Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3684, character 7
* Unihan data for U+91D0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 釐 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 犛 | *rɯː, *rɯ, *maːw, *mraːw |
| 釐 | *rɯ |
| 嫠 | *rɯ |
| 剺 | *rɯ |
| 孷 | *rɯ |
| 漦 | *sɦrɯ |
| 氂 | *rɯ, *maːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯ): phonetic 𠩺 + semantic 里.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lí (li$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^4$ / lei$^{4-1}$
* Jin (Wiktionary): li$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lí
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lí
*** Wade–Giles: li$^2$
*** Yale: lí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ni$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
*** Sinological IPA : /ni²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^4$ / lei$^{4-1}$
*** Yale: lèih / lēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^4$ / lei$^{4-1}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^4$ / léi$^{4-1}$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯²¹/, /lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: li$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /li¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî
*** Tâi-lô: lî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /li²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: li
Rime :
| Character | 釐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 里之切 |
| Baxter | li |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /liə/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 釐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ li › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ə/ |
| English | regulate, govern |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 釐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7802 |
| Phonetic component | 釐 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 釐 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯ/ |
| Notes | 金文象攴擊來麥脫粒， 治來來亦聲，而非未聲，來訛未乃轉註加里聲 |

#### Definitions

釐
* 釐 (Written Standard Chinese)
* centi- (English)
* cash (unit) (English)
* [from 19th c., officially from 1981 (PRC), 1985 (ROC)] centi- (SI unit prefix)
    釐米／厘米 ― límǐ ― centimeter
* cash, a unit of weight, equal to one tenth of a 分 (fēn, “candareen”)
* 0.001 dollars, yuan; 0.1 cents, fen; 1 mill, li, etc. (currency unit)
** 1963 March 24, 李峰, ““一厘钱”精神”, in 人民日报‎, People.com.cn web copy edition, archived from the original on 2003-10-04:
       Yī lí qián, zuì qínjiǎn de jiātíng yě zǎoyǐ bù fàng zài yǎn lǐ [Pinyin]
       A tenth of a fen is something that even the most hardworking and frugal family hasn't paid attention to for a long time
** 2006, 刘铮, “发改委:可再生能源附加将要开征 每度电收1厘钱”, in 中国证券报‎, People.com.cn web copy edition, archived from the original on 2008-06-12:
       Fāgǎiwěi: kězàishēng néngyuán fùjiā jiāngyào kāizhēng, měi dù diàn shōu 1 lí qián [Pinyin]
       NDRC: Renewable energy surcharge will be levied soon, 0.1 fen will be collected per kilowatt-hour
** 2011, “中国可再生能源电价附加今年或提五成”, in 第一财经‎:
       Zhōngguó Guójiā Diànjiānhuì Jiàgé Yǔ Cáiwù Jiānguǎn Bù Fùzhǔrèn Huáng Shàozhōng zuórì biǎoshì, zhēnduì xiànxíng kězàishēng néngyuán fùjiā zhēngshōu biāozhǔn piān dī, nányǐ mǎnzú wèilái kězàishēng néngyuán xiàngmù fāzhǎn xūyào, jīn míng liǎng nián Zhōngguó yǒuwàng jiāng kězàishēng néngyuán diànjià fùjiā cóng mùqián de měi qiānwǎshí 4 lí qián (0.004 yuán rénmínbì) zēngjiā dào 6 lí shènzhì 8 lí. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2016, “中国“新电改”一周年：独立输配电价机制初步建立”, in 中国网财经‎, archived from the original on 9 August 2024:
       Guō Jìxiān tòulù, Yúnnán Shěng qùnián cānyù shìchǎnghuà jiāoyì de 320 yì qiānwǎshí diànliàng zōnghé píngjūn xiàlái, měi qiānwǎshí diànjià jiàngdī le 1 máo líng 8 lí, wèi cānyù jiāoyì de qǐyè jiǎnqīng fùdān 35 yì. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* unit of monthly interest (0.01%), unit of annual interest (1%)
    年息兩釐／年息两厘 [Cantonese] ― nin$^4$ sik$^1$ loeng$^5$ lei$^{4-1}$ [Jyutping] ― annual interest rate of 2%
* Alternative form of 嫠 (lí)

#### See also

SI prefix :
| Last | | Next |
| 分 | 釐 | 毫 (háo) |
Chinese historical small numbers :
| Value | Character | Notes |
| 10$^{-1}$ | 分 (fèn) | Still in use. SI prefix deci-. |
| 10$^{-2}$ | 厘 (lí), 釐 (lí) | Still in use. SI prefix centi-. |
| 10$^{-3}$ | 毫 (háo) | Still in use. SI prefix milli-. Also 毛 (máo). |
| 10$^{-4}$ | 絲 / 丝 (sī) | Rarely used today. |
| 10$^{-4}$ | 秒 (miǎo) | Obsolete, only in ancient texts. |
| 10$^{-5}$ | 忽 (hū) | Rarely used today. |
| 10$^{-6}$ | 微 (wēi) | Still in use. SI prefix micro-. |
| 10$^{-7}$ | 纖 / 纤 (xiān) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-8}$ | 沙 (shā) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-9}$ | 塵 / 尘 (chén) | Obsolete. 納 / 纳 (nà) and 奈 (nài) are used for nano-. |
| 10$^{-10}$ | 埃 (āi) | Obsolete. In modern use, the character for angstrom (10$^{-10}$ m). |
| 10$^{-11}$ | 渺 (miǎo) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-12}$ | 漠 (mò) | Obsolete. 皮 (pí) is used for SI prefix pico-. |

#### Compounds

* 一釐一毫 / 一厘一毫
* 不差毫釐 / 不差毫厘
* 分釐卡 / 分厘卡
* 分釐毫絲 / 分厘毫丝
* 嵫釐 / 嵫厘
* 抽釐 / 抽厘
* 析毫剖釐 / 析毫剖厘
* 毫釐不爽 / 毫厘不爽
* 毫釐之差 / 毫厘之差
* 毫釐千里 / 毫厘千里
* 毫釐 / 毫厘
* 米釐米突 / 米厘米突
* 豪釐千里 / 豪厘千里
* 釐定 / 厘定 (lídìng)
* 釐改 / 厘改
* 釐整 / 厘整
* 釐正 / 厘正 (lízhèng)
* 釐清 / 厘清 (líqīng)
* 釐米 / 厘米 (límǐ)
* 釐訂 / 厘订 (lídìng)
* 釐革 / 厘革

#### Descendants

* → Thai: หลี (hlǐi, “a unit of length and weight”)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī, xǐ (xi$^1$, xi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^3$
*** Yale: syǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^1$
*** Yale: hēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

釐
* Alternative form of 禧 (xǐ, “auspicious; lucky”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 延釐
* 祝釐

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* few
* one tenth of a bu

#### Readings

* Go-on: り (ri)
* Kan-on: り (ri)
* Kan’yō-on: りん (rin)
* On: き (ki)、らい (rai)
* Kun: おさめる (osameru, 釐める)、さいわい (saiwai, 釐い)

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

釐 (eumhun 고칠 리 (gochil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 이 (gochil i))
* manage, control
* 1/1000 of a foot

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

釐 (eumhun 제육 희 (jeyuk hui))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 3
#### Hanja

釐 (eumhun 보리 래 (bori rae), word-initial (South Korea) 보리 내 (bori nae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

釐: Hán Nôm readings: li, ly
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation