# 丈

| 丈 | U+4E08, &#19976; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E08 |
| ← 万 [U+4E07] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 三 → [U+4E09] |

## Translingual
### Han character

丈 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十大 (JK), four-corner 5000$_0$, composition ⿻𠂇㇏)

#### Derived characters

* 仗 𡉋 𡚹 𢗆 扙 杖 𤣸 粀 𧘓 𨥅 𠀋 㽴 吏 更
* 𭷹 𭶾 𮊨 𮩟 𭑢

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11
* Dae Jaweon: page 137, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 9, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4E08

## Chinese

* zhang (unit) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丈 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts01638Transcribed ancient scriptsL35087L17509 |||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||
| | Old Chinese |
| 丈 | *daŋʔ |
| 杖 | *daŋʔ |
| 仗 | *daŋʔ, *daŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 十 (“ten”) + 又 (“hand”) – ten chi (尺) is one zhang (丈). Similar but unrelated to 支.

### Etymology
#### "gentleman, older man, husband"

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zrjaŋ ~ rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (Schuessler (2007), STEDT; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) "upwards", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.

#### "unit of measurement"

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, compare Mizo ṭâng " kai (“to measure (v.), a measure (n.) from the tip of the middle finger from one side to a spot between the breast bone and the other side's armpit”) (Schuessler, 2007)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhàng (zhang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zang$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang$^5$ / ciang$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhong / chhông
    (Hailu, HRS): chong$^˖$ / chong$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâung / diông / tiông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieo$^5$ / diuⁿ$^5$ / dung$^5$ / dng$^5$ / dyong$^5$ / dyeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiūⁿ / tiōⁿ / tiǔⁿ / tiāuⁿ / tn̄g / tňg / tiōng / tiāng / tiǒng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): deng$^6$ / ziang$^6$ / diên$^6$ / dion$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zan / $^4$dzan / $^6$dzan / $^4$zan / $^6$za / $^4$za / $^6$jian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^4$
*** Yale: jàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janq
*** Palladius: чжан (čžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^6$
*** Yale: jeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ziang$^5$ / ciang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ³²/, /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong / chhông
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong / cong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^4$ / cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chong$^˖$ / chong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰoŋ³³/, /t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dâung / diông / tiông
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑuŋ²⁴²/, /tuɔŋ²⁴²/, /tʰuɔŋ²⁴²/
* dâung - unit of measure;
* diông/tiông - kinship term.
* Middle Chinese: drjangX
Rime :
| Character | 丈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直兩切 |
| Baxter | drjangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]raŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 丈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]raŋʔ/ |
| English | ten feet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 丈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16836 |
| Phonetic component | 丈 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 丈 |
| Old Chinese | /*daŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

丈
* A unit of measurement.
** The zhang, a traditional Chinese unit of length equal to 10 chi (尺)
** The mainland zhang, a unit of length standardized in 1984 as 3 $^1$/$_3$ meters.
    Synonym: 市丈 (shìzhàng)
** The Taiwanese zhang, a unit of length standardized as 3 $^1$/$_{33}$ meters, identical to the Japanese jō.
** The Hong Kong jeuhng, standardized as 3.71475 meters.
* to survey (land); to measure
* gentleman; man; husband
    丈夫 ― zhàngfū ― husband

#### See also

* 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn), 分 (fēn)

### Compounds

* 一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ)
* 一丈青
* 一落千丈 (yīluòqiānzhàng)
* 一跳八丈
* 丈丈
* 丈二金剛 / 丈二金刚
* 丈人
* 丈人峰
* 丈人行
* 丈八燈臺 / 丈八灯台
* 丈八蛇矛 (Zhàng bā shémáo)
* 丈六金身
* 丈夫
* 丈夫女
* 丈夫子
* 丈室
* 丈母 (zhàngmǔ)
* 丈母娘
* 丈莊 / 丈庄 (Zhàngzhuāng)
* 丈量 (zhàngliáng)
* 不丈夫
* 偉丈夫 / 伟丈夫
* 光焰萬丈 / 光焰万丈
* 光芒萬丈 / 光芒万丈 (guāngmángwànzhàng)
* 公丈 (gōngzhàng)
* 函丈
* 國丈 / 国丈
* 大丈夫
* 大八丈
* 女丈夫
* 女中丈夫
* 姑丈 (gūzhàng)
* 妹丈 (mèizhàng)
* 姊丈 (zǐzhàng)
* 姑丈人
* 姨丈 (yízhàng)
* 家丈人
* 小丈夫
* 尺水丈波
* 岳丈 (yuèzhàng)
* 師丈 / 师丈 (shīzhàng)
* 席間函丈 / 席间函丈
* 方丈 (fāngzhàng)
* 方丈之饌 / 方丈之馔
* 方丈盈前
* 日高三丈
* 清丈
* 火冒三丈 (huǒmàosānzhàng)
* 烈丈夫
* 百丈 (bǎizhàng)
* 百丈山
* 百丈清規 / 百丈清规
* 百丈竿頭 / 百丈竿头
* 眇小丈夫
* 萬丈 / 万丈 (wànzhàng)
* 萬丈深淵 / 万丈深渊
* 萬丈竿頭 / 万丈竿头
* 萬丈高樓平地起 / 万丈高楼平地起 (wànzhàng gāolóu píngdì qǐ)
* 紅塵萬丈 / 红尘万丈
* 老丈 (lǎozhàng)
* 老丈人
* 蓑衣丈人
* 豪情萬丈 / 豪情万丈
* 賤丈夫 / 贱丈夫
* 雄心萬丈 / 雄心万丈
* 食前方丈
* 食味方丈
* 黎丘丈人

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 丈 |
| Kyūjitai | 丈󠄁 丈+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 丈󠄃 丈+&#xE0103; (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kun: たけ (take, 丈, Jōyō)、たき (taki, 丈)、だけ (dake, 丈)、はかる (hakaru, 丈る)
* Nanori: たけ (take)、とも (tomo)、ひろ (hiro)、ます (masu)

#### Alternative forms

* 𠀋

#### Compounds

* 丈(じょう)器(き) (jōki)
* 丈(じょう)冊(さつ) (jōsatsu)
* 丈(じょう)室(しつ) (jōshitsu)
* 丈(じょう)尺(しゃく) (jōshaku)
* 丈(じょう)丈(じょう) (jōjō)
* 丈(じょう)人(じん) (jōjin)
* 丈(じょう)席(せき) (jōseki)
* 丈(じょう)度(ど) (jōdo)
* 丈(じょう)匹(ひつ) (jōhitsu)
* 丈(じょう)夫(ぶ) (jōbu)
* 丈(じょう)量(りょう) (jōryō)
* 丈(じょう)六(ろく) (jōroku)
* 盈丈
* 岳(がく)丈(じょう) (gakujō)
* 函(かん)丈(じょう) (kanjō)
* 気(き)丈(じょう) (kijō)
* 称丈
* 尋(じん)丈(じょう) (jinjō)
* 千(せん)丈(じょう) (senjō)
* 万(ばん)丈(じょう) (banjō)
* 方(ほう)丈(じょう) (hōjō)
* 袤丈
* 老(ろう)丈(じょう) (rōjō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 丈
* じょう Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 丈 (MC drjangX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょー [jóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ː]

#### Noun

丈(じょう) • (jō)
* jō, a traditional Japanese unit of length based on 10 shaku, standardized as equal to 3+$^1$⁄$_{33}$ meters.

#### Proper noun

丈(じょう) • (Jō)
* a male given name

##### Compounds

* はちじょう (hachijō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 丈
* つかさ Grade: S
* nanori

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sɨka̠sa̠]

#### Proper noun

丈(つかさ) • (Tsukasa)
* a male given name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 丈
* たき Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 丈
* たけ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丈 – see the following entry. :
| 【長たき】2 | [noun] height |
| 【長たけ】2 | [noun] height [proper noun] a surname |
(This term, 丈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 丈
* だけ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丈 – see the following entry. :
| 【だけ】 | [particle] in a negative, limiting sense: only, just, limit [particle] in a positive, non-limiting sense: amount, as much as |
(This term, 丈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Usage notes

* This term is often spelled in hiragana. The kanji spelling is rarely used.

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 丈
* つえ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丈 – see the following entry. :
| 【杖つえ】J | [noun] staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand [noun] something one leans on, a support [noun] a cane used for corporal punishment [noun] a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge [noun] the stem of a pear [noun] (historical) a traditional unit of length [noun] (historical) approximately 3 meters [noun] (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters [noun] (historical) a traditional unit of area [noun] (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m² Alternative spellings 筇, 仗 |
(This term, 丈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.
* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “丈”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 23 (paper), page 61 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 20 (paper), page 22 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

丈 (eumhun 어른 장 (eoreun jang))
* A unit of measurement equal to the Chinese zhang

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丈

## Vietnamese
### Han character

丈: Hán Việt readings: trượng
丈: Nôm readings: trượng

#### Noun

丈
* chữ Hán form of trượng.
** (archaic) a unit of length
** (North Central Vietnam) paternal uncle-in-law, father's sister's husband

### References

* Nom Foundation