# cultus
## English
### Etymology

From Latin cultus (“cultivation, culture”). See cult.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʌl.təs/

### Noun

cultus (plural cultuses)
* Established or accepted religious rites or customs of worship; state of religious development.
** 1879, F. D. Morice, Pindar, chapter 8, page 124:Among the rituals which members of their family had inaugurated in other states of Greece, was a peculiar cultus of Hermes (Mercury) at Stymphalus in Arcadia.

#### See also

* cultus cod (different etymology)

### References

* “cultus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Chinook Jargon
### Alternative forms

* kultus

### Etymology

From Chinook kaltas (“in vain, only”), which is also written as ka'ltas, káltas, káltaš, etc.

### Adjective

cultus
* worthless

### References

* ↑ Franz Boas (1911) Handbook of American Indian Languages, part 1, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 634
* ↑ H. Zenk, T. Johnson, & S.B. Hamilton (2010) “Chinuk Wawa (Chinook Jargon) etymologies”, in J. Dunham & J. Lyon, editors, University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 27

### Further reading

* George Gibbs (1863) “Cul'-tus, adj.”, in A Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, →OCLC, page 3
* George Coombs Shaw (1909) “Cul'-tus, or Kul'tus, adj.”, in The Chinook Jargon and How to Use It, Seattle: Rainier Printing Co., →OCLC, page 4
* John Gill (1909) “Kŭl'-tŭs”, in Gill's Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, fifteenth edition, Portland: J. K. Gill Company, →OCLC, page 58

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cultus. Doublet of cult.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʏl.tʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: cul‧tus

### Noun

cultus m (plural cultussen, diminutive cultusje n)
* (religion) cult, a particular tradition of worship or veneration of deities, ancestors, guardians or saints
* (religion) religious service

#### Usage notes

* For the pejorative sense of cult (“socially marginal, proscribed or deviant religious group”), see sekte.

#### Derived terms

* cultusbeeld
* cultusplaats

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kultus

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkul.tus/, [ˈkʊɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkul.tus/, [ˈkul̪t̪us]

### Etymology 1

Perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate; worship”).

#### Participle

cultus (feminine culta, neuter cultum, comparative cultior, superlative cultissimus); first/second-declension participle
* tilled, cultivated, having been cultivated
* protected, nurtured, having been protected
* (figuratively) worshipped, honored, having been worshipped
* (figuratively) dressed, clothed, adorned, having been adorned
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.538:cultaque diffūsīs saltat amīca comīsand the fashionably dressed girlfriend is dancing with her hair undone(literally, “having been adorned, the girlfriend is dancing with her hair undone”)

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: culte
* Italian: colto
* Sicilian: curtu
* Spanish: culto
* Portuguese: culto, cultivado

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

cultus m (genitive cultūs); fourth declension
* cultivation, tilling (the act of tilling or cultivating)
* honoring; worship, reverence, adoration, veneration; loyalty (the act of showing honor or giving worship to)
* cult, sect (a religious group)
* civilization, culture, style; elegance, polish, refinement (care directed to the refinement of life, cultural pursuit)
* style of dress, external appearance, clothing, attire; ornament, decoration, splendor
* (rare) labor, care, cultivation, culture
* (rare) training, education, culture
    Synonym: disciplīna

##### Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

##### Related terms

* agricola
* colō
* colōna
* colōnārius
* colōnātus
* colōnia
* colōniārius
* colōnicus
* colōnus
* culta
* cultē
* cultiō
* cultor
* cultūra

##### Descendants

* Asturian: cuchu
* → Catalan: culte
* → French: culte
** → English: cult
** → Romanian: cult
** → Turkish: kült
* Galician: cuito
* → German: Kultus, Kult
** → Hungarian: kultusz
* Italian: culto
* Portuguese: culto
* → Russian: культ (kulʹt)
* Spanish: cucho, → culto

### References

* “cultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cultus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cultus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. mental culture: animi, ingenii cultus (not cultura) to be quite uncivilised: omnis cultus et humanitatis expertem esse to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3) worship of the gods; divine service: cultus dei, deorum (N. D. 2. 3. 8) (ambiguous) to civilise men, a nation: homines, gentem a fera agrestique vita ad humanum cultum civilemque deducere (De Or. 1. 8. 33)