# caraid
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑɾˠədʲ/, /ˈkaɾˠədʲ/, (Cois Fharraige) [ˈkaːɾˠədʲ]

### Noun

caraid
* (archaic, dialectal) inflection of cara:
** dative singular
** nominative plural

### Noun

caraid m (genitive singular carad, nominative plural cairde)
* Connacht and Ulster form of cara (“friend”)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
caraid
cairde
vocative
a charaid
a chairde
genitive
carad
cairde
dative
caraid
cairde
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an caraid
na cairde
genitive
an charad
na gcairde
dative
leis an gcaraid don charaid
leis na cairde :
The historical form a chara can also be used as the vocative.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, § 37, page 31
* 1 2 Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 147
* ↑ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 74, line 135
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 410, page 134
* ↑ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page 313

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “caraid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *karāti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkarɨðʲ]

### Verb

caraid (conjunct ·cara, verbal noun serc or carthain)
* to love
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23$^d$10
    nob·carad glosses uos desiderabat
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56$^b$31
    Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ ní charae; is sí indala ch⟨í⟩all les isindí as emulari in sin.Though another may possess what you may desire and you may however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in emulari.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56$^b$39
    Ad·n‑amraigther .i. no·n‑étaigther .i. ad·cosnae són nó no·caraethat you sg may admire, i.e. that you may emulate i.e. that you may strive after or love

#### Descendants

* Irish: car

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “caraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 481

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish cara (“friend, relation”) (compare Irish cara, Manx carrey), from Old Irish carae (“friend, relation”), from Proto-Celtic *karants (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂-ro-s (“dear”) (compare Latin cārus, English charity, whore).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /kʰaɾɪtʲ/

### Noun

caraid m (genitive singular caraid, plural càirdean or caraidean)
* friend
    Bu tu fhèin an caraid is cha b’ e sin a h-uile caraid. ― You’re an extraordinary friend.
    Cha chall na gheibh caraid. ― It is no loss what a friend gains.
    Is e an caraid caraid na crùthaig. ― A friend (to one) in need is a friend indeed.
* relative, cousin

#### Usage notes

* The vocative form is used when addressing people in correspondence:
    “A Charaid, ...” ― “Dear Sir, ...”
    “A Chàirdean, ...” ― “Dear Sirs, ...”
    “A Sheumais, a charaid, ...” ― “Dear James, ...”

#### Derived terms

* càirdeach (“related, kin”, adjective)
* càirdeas (“friendship”)
* càirdeil (“friendly”, adjective)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “caraid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN