# raven
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English raven, reven, from Old English hræfn, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to croak, crow”).

#### Pronunciation

* enPR: rāʹvən, IPA: /ˈɹeɪvən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪvən

#### Noun

raven (countable and uncountable, plural ravens)
* (countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven (Corvus corax).
** c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:Some ſay that Rauens foſter forlorne children, / The whilſt their owne birds famiſh in their neſts: / Oh be to me though thy hard hart ſay no, / Nothing ſo kinde but ſomething pittiful.
* A jet-black color.
    raven:
** 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:A lone man walks the shores of Nantucket; his noble form is slightly bent, and with the raven of his hair is blended the faintest tinge of gray, though he is evidently a man to whom the meridian of life is yet far in the distance […]

##### Derived terms

* as the raven flies
* Australian raven (Corvus coronoides)
* brown-necked raven (Corvus ruficollis)
* Chatham raven (Corvus moriorum)
* Chihuahuan raven (Corvus cryptoleucus)
* common raven (Corvus corax)
* dwarf raven (Corvus edithae)
* fan-tailed raven (Corvus rhipidurus)
* forest raven (Corvus tasmanicus)
* Icelandic raven (Corvus corax varius)
* little raven (Corvus mellori)
* New Zealand raven (Corvus antipodum)
* night-raven
* northern raven (Corvus corax)
* pied raven
* Raven Crown
* raven-messenger
* raven paradox
* relict raven (Corvus tasmanicus boreus)
* sea raven
* Somali raven (Corvus edithae)
* Tasmanian raven (Corvus tasmanicus)
* thick-billed raven (Corvus crassirostris)
* western raven (Corvus corax sinuatus)
* white-necked raven (Corvus albicollis)

##### Translations
#### Adjective

raven (not comparable)
* Of the color of the raven; jet-black.
    raven curls; raven darkness
    She was a tall, sophisticated, raven-haired beauty.

##### Derived terms

* nonraven
* raven-black
* raven-haired
* ravenhood
* raven standard

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English ravene, ravine, from Old French raviner (“rush, seize by force”), itself from ravine (“rapine”), from Latin rapīna (“plundering, loot”), itself from rapere (“seize, plunder, abduct”).

#### Alternative forms

* ravin, ravine

#### Pronunciation

* enPR: răvʹən, IPA: /ˈɹævən/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ævən

#### Noun

raven (uncountable)
* Rapine; rapacity.
* Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.

##### Translations
#### Verb

raven (third-person singular simple present ravens, present participle ravening, simple past and past participle ravened)
* (transitive, archaic) To obtain or seize by violence.
* (transitive) To devour with great eagerness.
** 1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 93:And the hound Time, when all the Worlds and cities are swept away whereon he used to raven, having no more to devour, shall suddenly die.
** 1938, P.G. Woodhouse, The Code of the Woosters:I refer to the danger of keeping a dog of this nature and disposition in a bedroom, where it can spring out ravening on anyone who enters.
* (transitive) To prey on with rapacity.
    The raven is both a scavenger, who ravens a dead animal almost like a vulture, and a bird of prey, who commonly ravens to catch a rodent.
* (intransitive) To show rapacity; to be greedy (for something).
** 1587, Leonard Mascall, “The nature and qualities of hogges, and also the gouernement thereof”, in The First Booke of Cattell‎, London:[…] because hogs are commonly rauening for their meat, more then other cattel, it is meet therefore to haue them ringed, or else they wil doe much hurt in digging and turning vp corne fieldes […]
** 1852, Elizabeth Gaskell, “The Old Nurse’s Story”, in The Old Nurse’s Story and Other Tales‎:They passed along towards the great hall-door, where the winds howled and ravened for their prey […]
** 1865, Sabine Baring-Gould, chapter 8, in The Book of Were-Wolves‎, London: Smith, Elder & Co., page 114:The Greek were-wolf is closely related to the vampire. The lycanthropist falls into a cataleptic trance, during which his soul leaves his body, enters that of a wolf and ravens for blood.
** 1931, James B. Fagan, The Improper Duchess‎, London: Victor Gollancz, published 1932, act 3, page 237:On one side the great temple where you can gather the good harvest—on the other a dirty little scandal that you’ve nosed out to fling to paper scavengers who feed it to their readin’ millions ravening for pornographic dirt.

##### Related terms

* ravener
* ravening
* ravenous, ravenously, ravenousness

### Further reading

* Corvus corax on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Verna

## Dutch
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English rave. By surface analysis, rave +‎ -en.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈreː.və(n)/

#### Verb

raven
* to (hold a) rave, to party wildly
    Raven is leven. ― To rave is to live.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Original form of raaf which represents a rebracketing of this form and which existed alongside it since (late) Middle Dutch. The singular raven persisted in some dialects until at least the 18th century.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraːvə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːvən

#### Noun

raven m (plural ravens or ravenen, diminutive raventje n)
* Obsolete form of raaf.

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraːvə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːvən

#### Noun

raven
* plural of raaf

### Anagrams

* ervan, varen

## German
### Etymology

From Rave +‎ -en, possibly after English (to) rave.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʁɛɪ̯vn̩/

### Verb

raven (weak, third-person singular present ravt, past tense ravte, past participle geravt, auxiliary haben) (or as past participle: geraved)
* (colloquial) to rave (to attend a rave)
** 2018 March 15, Julian Weber, “Kepler 452b-Rave”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎, →ISSN, page 26:Es wird geravt im Funkhaus Nalepastraße. „Kepler 452b“ klingt danach, Lichtjahre von der Realität entfernt zu sein. Motto des Techno-Performance-Festivals: „nonprofit und nomadisch“, Levitation pur.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Related terms

* Rave
* Raver

### Further reading

* “raven” in Duden online
* “raven” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn.

### Noun

rāven m
* raven

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Alternative forms

* rāvene
* rāve

#### Descendants

* Dutch: raaf, (all obsolete) raef, raven, raaven, raeven
** Afrikaans: raaf
** → Sranan Tongo: rafru
* Limburgish: raof

### Further reading

* “raven”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “raven”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *orvьnъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ràːʋən/

### Adjective

rávən (comparative rávnejši, superlative nȁjrávnejši)
* even, level

#### Alternative forms

* ravȃn (archaic)

#### Derived terms

* rávnost

### Further reading

* “raven”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “raven”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Noun

raven
* definite plural of rave