# ars
## English
### Noun

ars
* plural of ar

### Anagrams

* ASR, RAS, RAs, RSA, Ras, SAR, Sar, Sar., asr, ras

## Danish
### Etymology 1

See ar (“scar”).

#### Noun

ars n
* indefinite genitive singular/plural of ar

### Etymology 2

See ar (“are”).

#### Noun

ars c
* indefinite genitive singular/plural of ar

## Irish
### Verb

ars
* (dated) Alternative form of arsa used before the definite article an

#### Usage notes

In the modern standard language, arsa + an is written together as arsan; in older usage the spelling ars an may also be found.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *artis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).
Cognates include Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (ər$^ə$ta, “truth, right”), which in turn descends from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás, and Ancient Greek ἄρτι (árti, “just, exactly”). Related to arma.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈars/, [ˈärs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈars/, [ˈärs]

### Noun

ars f (genitive artis); third declension
* art, skill, craft, handicraft
    Synonyms: opus, opera, artificium
** 63 CE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Mōrālēs ad Lūcīlium 65.3:Omnis ars nātūrae imitātiō est.Every art is imitation of nature.
* trade, occupation, employment
    Synonym: artificium
* cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem
    Synonyms: dēceptiō, fraus, maleficium, perfidia, dolus, stratēgēma

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* ars gratia artis
* artista
* artifex
* iners
* sollers

#### Related terms

* arto
* arctō

#### Descendants

* Corsican: arte
* Extremaduran: arti
* Franco-Provençal: ârt
* → German: lege artis
* Italian: arte
* Ligurian: arte
* Lombard: aart
* Neapolitan: arte
* Old French: art
** Middle French: art
*** French: art
**** Haitian Creole: la (< l'art)
**** Icelandic: art (f)
** Norman: art
** Walloon: årt
** → Middle English: art
*** English: art
**** Jamaican Creole: aat
**** Tok Pisin: at
**** → Japanese: アート (āto)
*** Scots: airt
* Old Leonese:
** Asturian: arte
** Mirandese: arte
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: art
** Occitan: art
* Old Galician-Portuguese:
** Galician: arte
** Portuguese: arte
* Old Spanish:
** Ladino:
    Hebrew script: ארטי
    Latin script: arte
** Spanish: arte
*** → Basque: arte
*** → Hiligaynon: arte
*** → Ilocano: arte
*** → Tagalog: arte
*** → Waray-Waray: arte
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: art
** Ladin: ert
* Sardinian: arti
* Sicilian: arti
** → Maltese: arti
* Venetan: arte
* → Albanian: art
* → Aromanian: artâ
* → Breton: arz
* → Cornish: art
* → Romanian: artă

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ars, artis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55

### Further reading

* “ars”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ars in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* ars in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. abstruse studies: studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8) (ambiguous) to have received a liberal education: optimis studiis or artibus, optimarum artium studiis eruditum esse to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari) system: ratio; disciplina, ratio et disciplina; ars (ambiguous) the rules of art; aesthetics: artis praecepta, or also simply ars to have no taste for the fine arts: abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibus) the art of painting: ars pingendi, pictura (De Or. 2. 16. 69) the art of sculpture: ars fingendi the dramatic art: ars ludicra (De Or. 2. 20. 84) the art of speaking; oratory: ars dicendi to fool a person thoroughly: omnibus artibus aliquem ludificari, eludere (ambiguous) to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine) (ambiguous) to reduce a thing to its theoretical principles; to apply theory to a thing: ad artem, ad rationem revocare aliquid (De Or. 2. 11. 44) (ambiguous) learning, scientific knowledge is flourishing: artium studia or artes vigent (not florent) (ambiguous) to be interested in, have a taste for culture: optimarum artium studio incensum esse (ambiguous) to have received a liberal education: optimis studiis or artibus, optimarum artium studiis eruditum esse (ambiguous) to know nothing of logic: disserendi artem nullam habere (ambiguous) theoretical, speculative philosophy: philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur, or quae artis praeceptis continetur (ambiguous) to systematise: ad artem redigere aliquid (ambiguous) to systematise: ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41) (ambiguous) to have been reduced to a system: arte conclusum esse (ambiguous) to be very intimately related: arte (artissime) coniunctum esse (ambiguous) a work of art: artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum (ambiguous) to follow an artistic profession, practise an art: artem exercere (ambiguous) to teach an art: artem tradere, docere (ambiguous) to profess an art: artem profiteri (ambiguous) a taste for the fine arts: artium (liberalium) studium, or simply studium (ambiguous) the rules of art; aesthetics: artis praecepta, or also simply ars (ambiguous) a connoisseur; a specialist: (artis, artium) intellegens, peritus (opp. idiota, a layman) (ambiguous) to learn, study music: artem musicam discere, tractare (ambiguous) to be very eloquent: dicendi arte florere (ambiguous) to reduce law to a system: ius ad artem redigere

## Latvian
### Verb

ars
* third-person singular/plural future indicative of art

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English ærs, ears, from Proto-West Germanic *ars, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁órsos.

#### Alternative forms

* arce, ers, eres, hars, hers, aars

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈars/, /ˈɛrs/

#### Noun

ars
* arse, anus
* bottom, buttocks

##### Quotations

* 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “iij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XII:& thenne he rode after the bore / & thenne syre laūcelot was ware where the bore set his ars to a tree by an hermytage / Thenne sir launcelot ranne atte bore with his spere / & ther with the bore torned hym nemly(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* English: arse, ass
* Scots: ers, airse

##### References

* “ărs, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old French arz, artz (plural of art), from Latin artēs.

#### Noun

ars
* (Early Middle English) plural of art (“(area of) knowledge”)

## Old French
### Verb

ars m (masculine plural ars, feminine singular arse, feminine plural arses)
* inflection of ardeir:
** oblique/nominative masculine singular participle
** oblique/nominative masculine plural past participle

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ars.

### Noun

ars m
* arse
* buttocks when plural
* backside

#### Derived terms

* arsdarm
* arswisk

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: ars
** Bavarian: Oasch
** Cimbrian: aars
** German: Arsch
** Hunsrik: Aarsch
** Luxembourgish: Aasch
** Pennsylvania German: Aarsch

#### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* rass

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *arsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁órsos (“arse”).

### Noun

ars m (genitive ars, plural arsar)
* arse, anus

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: ars
* Faroese: arsur
* Old Swedish: ars
** ⇒ Swedish: arsel, arsle

### Further reading

Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ars”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ars.

### Noun

ars m
* the arse; the buttocks or anus

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: ars
** Dutch Low Saxon: ars, ors
** German Low German: Aars
** ⇒ by rebracketing:
*** Dutch Low Saxon: nors, mors
*** German Low German: Maars, Moors, Narsch, Närsch, Närs
    Plautdietsch: Noasch

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin ārsus, past participle of ārdeō. Compare Italian arso, Aromanian arsu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ars/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ars
* past participle of arde

### Adjective

ars m or n (feminine singular arsă, masculine plural arși, feminine and neuter plural arse)
* burnt
* scorched, parched

#### Declension
## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /ɔs̪/
* (South Uist) IPA: /ɔ(rˠ)ʃ/
* (Barra) IPA: [ɔs̪ˠ]

### Verb

ars
* Alternative form of arsa (“said”) used before vowels
    "Bu toil leam sin glè mhath," ars ise. ― "I would really like that," she said.
    Ars an t-uan, "Cha d' rugadh mis' ach o chionn sia mìosan." ― The lamb said, "I was only born six months ago"

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

## Swedish
### Noun

ars
* indefinite genitive singular of ar
* indefinite genitive plural of ar

### Anagrams

* -sar, ras

## Tok Pisin
### Noun

ars
* (vulgar, anatomy) the arse.