# 域

| 域 | U+57DF, &#22495; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57DF |
| ← 埞 [U+57DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 埠 → [U+57E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

域 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土戈口一 (GIRM), four-corner 4315$_0$, composition ⿰土或)

#### Derived characters

* 𪅫, 𠑵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 230, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5158
* Dae Jaweon: page 466, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 451, character 2
* Unihan data for U+57DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 域
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 幗 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 慖 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 簂 | *kʷɯːɡs |
| 蔮 | *kʷɯːɡs |
| 國 | *kʷɯːɡ |
| 或 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
| 惑 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
| 蜮 | *ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 閾 | *qʰʷrɯɡ |
| 緎 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 淢 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 域 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 罭 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 棫 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 琙 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 魊 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 馘 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 聝 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 膕 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 摑 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 漍 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 嘓 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 蟈 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 掝 | *qʰʷrɯːɡ |
| 彧 | *qʷrɯɡ |
| 稶 | *qʷɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷrɯɡ): semantic 土 + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).

### Etymology

國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “state”) is the k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “territory”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 國 for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): üo$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wik$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vet$^5$ / vak$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vet
    (Hailu, HRS): ved
* Jin (Wiktionary): yeh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ia̍k / e̍k / hia̍k / he̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$yoq; $^8$yuq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: üo$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
*** Sinological IPA : /yo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wik$^6$
*** Yale: wihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɪk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vet$^5$ / vak$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /vet̚³²/, /vak̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vet
*** Hakka Romanization System: ved$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ved$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /vet̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ved
*** Sinological IPA: /vet⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: yeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /y²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /yʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
*** Tâi-lô: i̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ek
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: hia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
*** Tâi-lô: hi̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hek
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /hok̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$yoq; $^8$yuq
*** MiniDict: yoh$^入$; yuih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$hhioq; $^5$hhyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioʔ¹²/, /ɦyɪʔ¹²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: y$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /y²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit域 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /y⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /iu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /yaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦyəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦioʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jy²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵy¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /y²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /y²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vet̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wek̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wek̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ik̚⁵/ /hik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /y²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hok̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwik
Rime :
| Character | 域 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (135) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 雨逼切 |
| Baxter | hwik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷrək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷrɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 域 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwik › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷrək/ |
| English | territory |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 域 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5554 |
| Phonetic component | 或 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 域 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷrɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

域
* fief
* territory; district; region; land
* scope; range
    定義域／定义域 ― dìngyìyù ― domain
    值域 ― zhíyù ― range
* cemetery
* residence
* (Mainland China, mathematics) field
    Synonym: 體 / 体 — Taiwan
* (computing) domain
    域名 ― yùmíng ― domain name
* (taxonomy) domain

### Compounds

* 不分畛域 (bùfēnzhěnyù)
* 仙域
* 兆域
* 全域 (quányù)
* 全天域
* 兩河流域 / 两河流域 (Liǎnghé Liúyù)
* 區域 / 区域 (qūyù)
* 區域網路 / 区域网路 (qūyù wǎnglù)
* 區域聯防 / 区域联防
* 區域計畫 / 区域计画
* 區域變質 / 区域变质
* 地域 (dìyù)
* 地域性 (dìyùxìng)
* 地域觀念 / 地域观念
* 域中 (yùzhōng)
* 域外 (yùwài)
* 塋域 / 茔域
* 境域 (jìngyù)
* 壽域 / 寿域
* 寰域
* 封域
* 專屬海域 / 专属海域
* 日域
* 殊方異域 / 殊方异域
* 殊方絕域 / 殊方绝域
* 水域 (shuǐyù)
* 流域 (liúyù)
* 海域 (hǎiyù)
* 珠江流域
* 生活領域 / 生活领域
* 畛域 (zhěnyù)
* 異域 / 异域 (yìyù)
* 疆域 (jiāngyù)
* 管制區域 / 管制区域
* 管制空域
* 粵江流域 / 粤江流域
* 絕域 / 绝域
* 絕域殊方 / 绝域殊方
* 絕域異方 / 绝域异方
* 經濟海域 / 经济海域
* 罰球區域 / 罚球区域
* 聖域 / 圣域
* 西域 (Xīyù)
* 西域記 / 西域记
* 遐方絕域 / 遐方绝域
* 邦域
* 雪域 (xuěyù)
* 音域 (yīnyù)
* 領域 / 领域 (lǐngyù)
* 鬼域

### See also

* 域 (yù)
* 界 (jiè)
* 門／门 (mén)
* 綱／纲 (gāng)
* 目 (mù)
* 科 (kē)
* 屬／属 (shǔ)
* 種／种 (zhǒng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* range
* region
* limits
* stage
* level

#### Readings

* Go-on: いき (iki, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よく (yoku)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 域
* いき Grade: 6
* goon
From Middle Chinese 域 (MC hwik). Compare modern Cantonese 域 (wik$^6$, /wɪk̚²/).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いき [íꜜkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ikʲi]

### Noun

域(いき) • (iki)
* region, level

### Affix

域(いき) • (iki)
* range, region, limits, stage, level
* land, territory

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 域 (MC hwik). Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (yék) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 域 (eumhun 지경 역 (jigyeong yeok))
* hanja form of 역 (“region”)

#### Compounds

* 광역 (廣域, gwang'yeok)
* 구역 (區域, guyeok)
* 권역 (圈域, gwonyeok)
* 수역 (水域, suyeok)
* 역내 (域內, yeongnae)
* 영역 (領域, yeong'yeok)
* 유역 (流域, yuyeok)
* 지역 (地域, jiyeok)
* 해역 (海域, haeyeok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

域: Hán Nôm readings: vực, bực, vác, vặc, vức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.