# clavus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin clāvus (“a nail”). Doublet of clove.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -eɪvəs

### Noun

clavus (plural clavuses or clavi)
* A callous growth, especially on the foot; a corn.
** 1988, Shepard R. Hurwitz, Foot and ankle pain, page 331:In a review of over 1000 interdigital clavuses, 65% were found in the fourth interspace, while the first and third web space clavuses were found in 17% and 16% of the patients respectively […]

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *klāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w-o-s, from *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “key”) and Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”). Latin clāvis (“key”) is either a secondary i-stem derivation, or a loanword from Ancient Greek κληΐς (klēḯs).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈklaː.u̯us/, [ˈkɫ̪äːu̯ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkla.vus/, [ˈkläːvus]

### Noun

clāvus m (genitive clāvī); second declension
* a nail (metal spike)
* rudder
* helm (of a boat)
* purple stripe on the tunic
* callus, wart, tumor

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* angusticlāvius
* clāvārius
* clāvellus
* clāvicātus
* clāvō
* clāvulus
* clāvus ligneus ("peg")
* conclāvō
* *inclāvō
* lāticlāvus
* praeclavium

#### Related terms

* clāvārium
* clāvātus
* clāvulāris
* conclāvātiō
* conclāvātus
* *inclāvātus
* lāticlāviālis
* lāticlāvium
* lāticlāvius

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Istriot: ciuodo
** Old Italian: chiavo, chiovo
*** Italian: chiodo (influenced by chiudere 'shut')
** Sicilian: chiovu
* Sardinian:
** crau, cravu, giau
* Padanian:
** Emilian: ciold, ciod
** Friulian: claud
** Ligurian: ciöo
** Old Lombard: chiouo
*** Lombard: ciod
** Piedmontese: ciòv, ciò
** Venetan: ciodo, clold (medieval)
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: cllou
** Old French: clou
*** French: clou
*** → English: clove
** Walloon: clå
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: clau, cllau (Ribagorçan)
** Catalan: clau
** Occitan: clau
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: clavu, clau
** Spanish: clavo
** Old Galician-Portuguese: cravo
*** Galician: cravo
*** Portuguese: cravo
* Borrowed:
** → Old Italian: clavo

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clāvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119

### Further reading

* “clavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “clavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "clavus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* clavus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to hold the reins of government: clavum rei publicae tenere to steer: clavum tenere
* “clavus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “clavus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “clavus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 158
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “clavus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 768

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French clavus or Latin clavus.

### Noun

clavus n (plural clavusuri)
* clavus