# 丱

| 丱 | U+4E31, &#20017; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E31 |
| ← 丰 [U+4E30] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 串 → [U+4E32] |

## Translingual
### Han character

丱 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女中中中一 (VLLLM), four-corner 2277$_0$, composition ⿲丩丨𠃎(G) or ⿲𠂈丨𠃎(G) or ⿰⿰𠃊丿⿰丨𠃎(HTJK))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 79, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 77
* Dae Jaweon: page 161, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 52, character 12
* Unihan data for U+4E31

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guàn (guan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang$^4$ / guong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^4$
*** Yale: gwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
*** Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaan$^3$
*** Yale: gwaan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaːn³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guang$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gua̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
*** Tâi-lô: kuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kwaenH
Rime :
| Character | 丱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古患切 |
| Baxter | kwaenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠuan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kwan$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwaan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 丱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4475 |
| Phonetic component | 丱 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慣 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːns/ |

#### Definitions

丱
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) child's hairstyle bound in two tufts
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) young child, childhood

##### Synonyms

* 總角／总角 (zǒngjiǎo)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 丱 – see 礦 (“mineral deposit; ore; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 礦).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00008
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02873-011
* “丱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “丱”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* a kind of ancient hairstyle
* young or tender

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: あげまき (agemaki, 丱)、おさない (osanai, 丱い)
As a variant form of 礦:
* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: あらがね (aragane, 丱)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 丱
* あらがね Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丱 – see the following entry. :
| 【粗金あらがね】 | [noun] unsmelted metal ore Alternative spellings 鉱, 礦, 鑛, 砿, あらかね |
(This term, 丱, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

丱 (eumhun 쌍상투 관 (ssangsangtu gwan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丱

## Vietnamese
### Han character

丱: Hán Nôm readings: quán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation