# sapa
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sapa.

### Noun

sapa (uncountable)
* A reduction of must in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to a third of the original volume.

#### See also

* carenum
* defrutum

### Anagrams

* AAPS, AAPs, APAs, ASAP, PAAs, PaaS, asap

## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* sapaha

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sàꜛpá/

### Noun

sapa (Kana spelling サパ)
* (anatomy) head

## Balinese
### Romanization

sapa
* Romanization of ᬲᬧ
* Romanization of ᬰᬵᬧ (“curse”)

## Bikol Central
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *sapaq.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsapaʔ/ [ˈsa.paʔ]
* Hyphenation: sa‧pa

#### Noun

sapà (Basahan spelling ᜐᜉ)
* a stream
* a creek, brook
    Synonym: sulong

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈpaʔ/ [saˈpaʔ]
* Hyphenation: sa‧pa

#### Noun

sapâ (Basahan spelling ᜐᜉ)
* munch

##### Derived terms

* magsapa
* sapaon

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Cebuano) IPA: /ˈsapaʔ/ [ˈs̪a.pɐʔ]

### Noun

sapa
* a small river; a creek

## Cuyunon
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq.

### Noun

sapa
* creek

## Dupaningan Agta
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq.

### Noun

sapa
* stream; creek

## Ese
### Noun

sapa
* bubble; foam

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sapa. Related to Estonian saba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑpɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝pɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
* Hyphenation: sa‧pa

### Noun

sapa (dialectal)
* tail of an animal (more specifically the solid part of a tail)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of sapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sapani
sapani
accusative
nom.
sapani
sapani
gen.
sapani
genitive
sapani
sapojeni sapaini $^{rare}$
partitive
sapaani
sapojani
inessive
savassani
savoissani
elative
savastani
savoistani
illative
sapaani
sapoihini
adessive
savallani
savoillani
ablative
savaltani
savoiltani
allative
savalleni
savoilleni
essive
sapanani
sapoinani
translative
savakseni
savoikseni
abessive
savattani
savoittani
instructive
comitative
—sapoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sapasi
sapasi
accusative
nom.
sapasi
sapasi
gen.
sapasi
genitive
sapasi
sapojesi sapaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
sapaasi
sapojasi
inessive
savassasi
savoissasi
elative
savastasi
savoistasi
illative
sapaasi
sapoihisi
adessive
savallasi
savoillasi
ablative
savaltasi
savoiltasi
allative
savallesi
savoillesi
essive
sapanasi
sapoinasi
translative
savaksesi
savoiksesi
abessive
savattasi
savoittasi
instructive
comitative
—sapoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sapamme
sapamme
accusative
nom.
sapamme
sapamme
gen.
sapamme
genitive
sapamme
sapojemme sapaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
sapaamme
sapojamme
inessive
savassamme
savoissamme
elative
savastamme
savoistamme
illative
sapaamme
sapoihimme
adessive
savallamme
savoillamme
ablative
savaltamme
savoiltamme
allative
savallemme
savoillemme
essive
sapanamme
sapoinamme
translative
savaksemme
savoiksemme
abessive
savattamme
savoittamme
instructive
comitative
—sapoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sapanne
sapanne
accusative
nom.
sapanne
sapanne
gen.
sapanne
genitive
sapanne
sapojenne sapainne $^{rare}$
partitive
sapaanne
sapojanne
inessive
savassanne
savoissanne
elative
savastanne
savoistanne
illative
sapaanne
sapoihinne
adessive
savallanne
savoillanne
ablative
savaltanne
savoiltanne
allative
savallenne
savoillenne
essive
sapananne
sapoinanne
translative
savaksenne
savoiksenne
abessive
savattanne
savoittanne
instructive
comitative
—sapoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sapansa
sapansa
accusative
nom.
sapansa
sapansa
gen.
sapansa
genitive
sapansa
sapojensa sapainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
sapaansa
sapojaan sapojansa
inessive
savassaan savassansa
savoissaan savoissansa
elative
savastaan savastansa
savoistaan savoistansa
illative
sapaansa
sapoihinsa
adessive
savallaan savallansa
savoillaan savoillansa
ablative
savaltaan savaltansa
savoiltaan savoiltansa
allative
savalleen savallensa
savoilleen savoillensa
essive
sapanaan sapanansa
sapoinaan sapoinansa
translative
savakseen savaksensa
savoikseen savoiksensa
abessive
savattaan savattansa
savoittaan savoittansa
instructive
comitative
—sapoineen sapoinensa :

### Anagrams

* asap, aspa

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.pa/
* Homophones: sapas, sapât

### Verb

sapa
* third-person singular past historic of saper

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa.pa/
* Rhymes: -pa, -a
* Hyphenation: sa‧pa

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

sapa (plural sapa-sapa)
* greeting
    Synonym: salam

##### Derived terms

* bersapa
* bersapa-sapaan
* bersapaan
* disapa
* menyapa
* penyapa
* penyapaan
* sapa-menyapa
* sapaan
* tersapa

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

sapa
* (colloquial) who
    Synonym: siapa

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

sapa
* Nonstandard form of safa (“white”).

### Further reading

* “sapa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin sapa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa.pa/
* Rhymes: -apa
* Hyphenation: sà‧pa

### Noun

sapa f (plural sape)
* a reduction of must (syrup) in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to a third of the original volume

#### Alternative forms

* saba

### Anagrams

* aspa

## Javanese
### Romanization

sapa
* Romanization of ꦱꦥ

## Lakota
### Noun

sapa
* black

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sapā, from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”). Compare the English cognate sap.

### Noun

sapa f (genitive sapae); first declension
* A reduction of must in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to a third of the original volume.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Padanian:
** Piedmontese: sava, sèva
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: sâva, suâva
** Old French: seve
*** French: sève
**** → Galician: seiva
**** → Portuguese: seiva
***** → Spanish: savia (or from Galician)
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: sapia (probably influenced by Spanish)
** Catalan: saba
** Occitan: saba
    Gascon: sap, sapa
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: shap
** → Italian: sapa

### References

* “sapa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sapa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "sapa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “sapa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Maguindanao
### Etymology

Akin to Maranao sapa'.

### Verb

sapa
* to swear

## Mamanwa
### Noun

sapa
* water

### References

* Studies in Philippine Linguistics, volume 2 (1978), section on Mamanwa, pages 81-82

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.pa/
* Rhymes: -pa
* Homophones: sāpa, śāpa
* Hyphenation: sa‧pa

### Etymology 1

Cognate Indonesian sapa (“to greet”).

#### Noun

sapa
* address, speak, greet

##### Derived terms

* anapa
* sasapa
* sinapa
* sinapan

##### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦱꦥ (sapa, “to greet”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

sapa
* Alternative spelling of syapa (“who (interrogative pronoun)”)

### Further reading

* "sapa" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀲𑀧 (Brahmi script)
* सप (Devanagari script)
* সপ (Bengali script)
* සප (Sinhalese script)
* သပ (Burmese script)
* สป or สะปะ (Thai script)
* ᩈᨷ (Tai Tham script)
* ສປ or ສະປະ (Lao script)
* សប (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄛 (Chakma script)

### Verb

sapa
* imperative active second-person singular of sapati (“to swear”)

## Piedmontese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsapa/

### Noun

sapa f (plural sape)
* hoe

## Polish
### Etymology

Back-formation of sapka.

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ˈsa.pa/

### Noun

sapa f
* (Chełmno-Dobrzyń, medicine) Augmentative of sapka

### Further reading

* Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “sapa”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 141

## Quechua
### Adjective

sapa
* every, each, any
* alone, only, unique, one and only

#### See also

* sapay
* sapa inka

### Noun

sapa
* (grammar) singular

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsapa/ [ˈsa.pa]
* Rhymes: -apa
* Syllabification: sa‧pa

### Etymology 1

Feminine form of sapo (“toad”).

#### Noun

sapa f (plural sapas)
* female equivalent of sapo; a female toad or peeper

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin sapa.

#### Noun

sapa f (plural sapas)
* a reduction of must in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to a third of the original volume

### Further reading

* “sapa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq (“stream; river”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsapaʔ/ [ˈsaː.pɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -apaʔ
* Syllabification: sa‧pa

#### Noun

sapà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜉ)
* small stream; rivulet; brook; creek

##### See also

* saog
* ilog-ilugan
* batis

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saˈpa/ [sɐˈpa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa‧pa

#### Noun

sapà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜉ)
* chewing into a pulp
    Synonyms: ngata, pagngata
* pulp or residue of something chewed
    Synonyms: sapal, bagas, bagaso, pinamangusan
* chewed betel pepper

##### Derived terms

* pagsapa
* pagsasapa
* sapahin

### Anagrams

* asap, pasa

## Tausug
### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /sapa/ [saˈpa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa‧pa

### Noun

sapa (Sulat Sūg spelling سَفَ)
* oath

#### Derived terms

* magsapa
* sapahan
* sumapa

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈpa/
* Hyphenation: sa‧pa

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صاپه (sapa, “out of a straight road or direction, on one side, secluded”), from Ottoman Turkish صاپمق (sapmaḳ, “to swerve, to deviate, to diverge, to go astray”), from Proto-Turkic *sap- (“to leave the way, to go astray, to deviate”), morphologically sap- +‎ -a.

#### Adjective

sapa
* Away from the centre, secluded, remote; off the beaten path.
    Synonyms: kuytu, tenha, ücra
* Out of the main road, accessed by deviating to a side road.

##### Related terms

* sap
* sapak
* sapık
* sapkın

### Etymology 2

From sap (“handle, stem”) +‎ -a (dative suffix)

#### Noun

sapa
* definite dative singular of sap

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sapa
* third-person singular optative of sapmak

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صاپه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1151
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sap-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sap-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “sapa”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sapa”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4064

## Waray-Waray
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq.

### Noun

sapâ
* brook; rivulet; creek

## Yámana
### Noun

sapa
* blood

## Yanomam
### Etymology

Borrowed from Romance, ultimately from Latin sappa; compare Italian zappa, Portuguese sapa (“shovel”), Spanish zapa (“shovel”),

### Noun

sapa (unclassified holonym; singulative sapa a, dual sapa kipë, plural sapa pë)
* hoe

### References

* Perri Ferreira, Helder (2017) Yanomama Clause Structure‎, volume 1, Utrecht: LOT, →ISBN, page 115

## Yoruba
### Etymology

From sà (“to apply”) +‎ ipá (“force”).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /sā.k͡pá/

### Verb

sapá
* to endeavour; to make an effort; to strive
    Synonym: gbìyànjú
    Òbí rẹ̀ ti sapá gidigidi láti pèsè oúnjẹ fún un. ― Her parents have tried so hard to provide food for her.

#### Derived terms

* ìsapá (“effort”)