# rotan
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Malay rotan (“cane”), doublet of rattan.

#### Pronunciation

* (Singapore) IPA: /ˈɹotɑn/

#### Noun

rotan (plural rotans)
* (Singapore, Malaysia) A long rattan cane used for corporal punishment.
** 1949 November 5, The Straits Times, page 5 [newspaper]:Two boys, aged 14 and 11, were each sentenced to three strokes of the light rotan at Kluang for stealing duck eggs from Loh Wee Seng.
** 1975 November 25, The Straits Times, page 6 [newspaper]:Zaimi Bin Rassak, 20, was yesterday jailed for two years with two strokes of the rotan after he was found guilty of trafficking in 32 rolls of cannabis in Queens Crescent on June 24 at 1 a.m.
** 2008 February 9, The Straits Times, page 39 [newspaper]:Khushwant Singh, 38-year-old on the run for five years, put behind bars for six years and two months; gets six strokes of the rotan.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian рота́н (rotán, “Amur sleeper”).

#### Noun

rotan (plural not attested)
* (uncommon) Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii)
** 1998, Dianne Louise Draper, Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective, 1st edition, Toronto: ITP Nelson, →ISBN, page 5b:A single individual requires as much as 30 kg of other fish (including its own species) to gain 1 kg of weight. The resilience of the rotan, which requires 20 times less oxygen than other species, is best illustrated by its ability to revive a day after being left in open air. In one such instance, the first individual to rebound in a group ate up the others, according to Itar-Tass news agency.
** 2007, Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Tetyana V. Bagnyukova, “Hypoxia induces oxidative stress in tissues of a goby, the rotan Perccottus glenii”, in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, volume 148, number 4, →DOI, pages 390–397:

### Anagrams

* Taron, rat on, trona, NOTAR, Arnot, natro-, Trona, Raton, toran, orant, Tonra

## Finnish
### Noun

rotan
* genitive/accusative singular of rotta

### Anagrams

* raton, toran

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed raut +‎ -an, inherited from Malay rotan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈro.tan/
* Rhymes: -tan
* Hyphenation: ro‧tan

### Noun

rotan (plural rotan-rotan)
* rattan (Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.)
* whipped by a rattan

#### Derived terms

* berotan
* merotan
* perotan
* rotan dahan
* rotan irit
* rotan jernang
* rotan jernang besar
* rotan kubu
* rotan layar
* rotan lilin
* rotan manau
* rotan manis
* rotan mentah
* rotan saga
* rotan telingkung daun
* rotan tikus
* rotan udang

### Further reading

* “rotan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From raut +‎ -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrotan/ [ˈro.t̪an]
* (Cocos) IPA: [ˈʁo.t̪an], [ˈo.t̪an]
* Rhymes: -an

### Noun

rotan (Jawi spelling روتن, plural rotan-rotan, informal 1st possessive rotanku, 2nd possessive rotanmu, 3rd possessive rotannya)
* rattan (any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus)
* (by extension) rattan (a cane made from rattan)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: rotan
* → Afrikaans: rottang
* → English: rattan
* → English: rotan (noun)
* → French: rotin
** → Portuguese: rotim

### Verb

rotan (Jawi spelling روتن)
* to cane with a rattan
* (by extension) to cane

#### Descendants

* → English: rotan (verb)

### References

* ↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology, Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, →ISBN, page 48
* ↑ Craig D. Soderberg (2014-04) “Cocos Malay”, in Journal of the International Phonetic Association‎, volume 44, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 103–107

### Further reading

* “rotan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.tɑn/

### Adjective

rōtan
* inflection of rōt:
** weak accusative masculine/feminine singular
** weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular
** weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural

## Spanish
### Verb

rotan
* third-person plural present indicative of rotar