# دنيا
## Arabic
### Etymology

Feminine elative of أَدْنَى (ʔadnā, “lower”). دُنيَا (“world”) is originally the "lower place" (as opposed to heaven, the "higher place"); compare English here below.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dun.jaː/

### Noun

دُنْيَا • (dunyā) f (dual دُنْيَيَان (dunyayān), plural دُنًا (dunan) or دُنًى (dunan) or دُنْيَيَات (dunyayāt))
* this mortal life; life in this world
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:145:وَمَن يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ ٱلدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَن يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ ٱلْآخِرَةِ نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا ۚ وَسَنَجْزِي ٱلشَّاكِرِينَwaman yurid ṯawāba d-dunyā nuʔtihi minhā waman yurid ṯawāba l-ʔāḵirati nuʔtihi minhā wasanajzī š-šākirīnaAnd whoever desires the reward of this world - We will give him thereof; and whoever desires the reward of the Hereafter - We will give him thereof. And We will reward the grateful.
* world (the Earth, or any this-worldly habitat, excluding the next world)

#### Antonyms

* آخِرة (ʔāḵira)

#### Derived terms

* دُنْيَوِيّ (dunyawiyy)

#### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: دنيا (dunya, dinya)
* Gulf Arabic: دنيا (dinya)
* Hijazi Arabic: دُنيا (dunya)
* Maltese: dinja
* Moroccan Arabic: دنيا (dunya, dinya)
* North Levantine Arabic: دني (dini), دنيي (dinyi), دنيا (dinya), دنية (dinye)
* → Classical Persian: دٌنْیَا (see there for further descendants)
* → Daba: dúnyà
* → Karo Batak: doni
* → Hausa: dūniyā̀
* → Indonesian: dunia
* → Javanese: ꦢꦺꦴꦚ (donya)
* → Kabyle: ddunit
* → Laki: دنیا (dinya)
* → Malay: dunia
* → Minangkabau: dunia
* → Northern Kurdish: dinya
* → Sasak: dunie
* → Somali: dunida
* → Sundanese: dunya
* → Swahili: dunia
* → Tashelhit: ddunit
* → Yoruba: dúníyàn
From الدُّنْيَا (ad-dunyā):
* → Afar: addunyá
* → Oromo: addunyaa
* → Saho: udduuniya
* → Somali: addúun

### Adjective

دُنْيَا • (dunyā) f
* feminine singular of أَدْنَى (ʔadnā, “lower”)

### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “دنو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Bulgar
### Etymology

From Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).

### Noun

دِنيا (dinyā)
* (Volga Bulgar) world

#### Descendants

* Chuvash: тӗнче (tĕnč̬e)

### References

* Hakimzjanov, Farid Sabirzjanovich (1986) “New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎ (in Bulgar), volume 40, number 1, page 174
* Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 68-69

## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* دنية, دنيه

### Etymology

From Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dun.ja/

### Noun

دُنيا or دِنيا • (dunya or dinya) f
* world
* (definite) impersonal pronoun, describing weather and general time
    Coordinate term: ساعة (sāʕa, “clock; hour”) (for specific clock times)
    الدنيا بتشتي ― id-dunya bitišti ― It's raining
    الدنيا بتليل ― id-dunya bitlayyil ― Night is falling (literally, “it's becoming night”)

## Gujarati
### Noun

دنيا • (dunyā) f (Lisan ud-Dawat)
* Arabic spelling of દુનિયા (duniyā)

## Maguindanao
### Noun

دنيا (transliteration needed)
* Jawi spelling of dunia

## Malay
### Noun

دنيا (plural دنيا-دنيا or دنيا٢, informal 1st possessive دنياکو, 2nd possessive دنيامو, 3rd possessive دنياڽ)
* Jawi spelling of dunia‎

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dun.ja/, /din.ja/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

دُنيا or دِنيا • (dunya or dinya) f (plural دُنيات (dunyāt) or دِنيات (dinyāt))
* world, earth
    Synonym: عالم (ʕālam)
    هاد الراجل هو أسرع واحد فهاد الدنياhād er-rājel huwwa ʔasraʕ wāḥed f-hād ed-dunyaThis man is the fastest in the world.
* it; things; everything; used to refer to general states and circumstances
    الدنيا مغيمة غدا ― ed-dunya mḡayyma ḡadda ― It'll be cloudy tomorrow.
    الدنيا عامرة اليوم فهاد المحال ― ed-dunya ʕāmra f-hād el-maḥāl ― This store is crowded today.

## North Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* دنية (dinye), دنيي (dinye)
* دني (dine, dini)

### Etymology

From Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /din.ja/, [dɪn.ja]

### Noun

دنيا • (dinya) f
* world, this world
* (by extension) society, the people
* dummy subject for weather, seasons & time of day (used with a noun as opposed to an adjective)
    الدنيا برد ― ed-dinya barid ― It’s cold
    الدنيا ليل ― ed-dinya layl ― It’s night
* this place (used for exaggeration)
    خرّبت الدنيا!ḵarrabt ed-dinya!You made a mess! / You ruined everything! (literally, "you destroyed the world")
    الدنيا ميّ ― ed-dinya mayy ― This place is wet (literally, "the world is water")
* One's environment and surroundings as a whole; the extent of what one is experiencing
    الدنيا وقتا كانت حرب عندهن.d-dinya waʾta kānit ḥarb ʕand(h)on.There was war all around them at the time.(literally, “The world at the time was war for them.”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā). Equivalent to the feminine elative of أدنى (ʔadna, “lower, lowest”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /din.ja/, [ˈdɪn.ja]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

دنيا • (dinya) f
* world
    Synonym: عالم (ʕālam)
* this world (opposed to the hereafter)
    Antonym: آخرة (ʔāḵre)
* it (dummy subject for the weather and seasons)

#### Usage notes

* When describing the weather, الدنيا (id-dinya) is followed by a noun rather than an adjective.
    الدنيا شوب.id-dinya šōb.It's hot (outside).(literally, “The world is heat.”)
* When used with a verb الدنيا (id-dinya) is optional, but the verb remains in the 3rd person feminine singular.
    (الدنيا) عم بتشتي. ― (id-dinya) ʕam bitšatti. ― It's raining.