# 上海
## Chinese

* 上海 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 上海 (Cantonese)
* 上海 (Classical)
* 上海 (Gan)
* Sông-hói (Hakka)
* Siông-hāi (Eastern Min)
* Siōng-hái (Southern Min)
* 上海 (Wu)

### Etymology

Named after 上海浦, a historical river in Shanghai, which was filled in during the late Qing dynasty.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Shànghǎi
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Sang$^4$ hai$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^6$ hoi$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang$^5$ hoi$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Sông-hói
    (Hailu, HRS): shong$^ˋ$ hoi$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): song$^4$ hoi$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): son$^3$ hai$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): Ciōng-huǒi
* Eastern Min (BUC): Siông-hāi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syong$^5$ hai$^3$ / syeng$^5$ hai$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Siōng-hái / Siǒng-hái / Siāng-hái
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^6$ hai$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zaon-he$_5$ / $^2$zaon$_6$-he$_3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan$^5$ hai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shànghǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shànghǎi
*** Wade–Giles: Shang$^4$-hai$^3$
*** Yale: Shàng-hǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanqhae
*** Palladius: Шанхай (Šanxaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: Sang$^4$ hai$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Sangxaai
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ²¹³ xai⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^6$ hoi$^2$
*** Yale: seuhng hói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^6$ hoi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^6$ hoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siang$^5$ hoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sông-hói
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˊ$ hoi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^1$ hoi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴ hoi̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shong$^ˋ$ hoi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ⁵³ hoi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: song$^4$ hoi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hoɪ³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: son$^3$ hai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃⁴⁵ xai⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Ciōng-huǒi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ xuɛ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Siông-hāi
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋai³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syong$^5$ hai$^3$ [Phonetic: syong$^5$ ngai$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Siō̤ng-hâi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyɒŋ²¹ $^{(h-)}$ŋai⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^5$ hai$^3$ [Phonetic: syeng$^5$ ngai$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ²¹ $^{(h-)}$ŋai³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siōng-hái
*** Tâi-lô: Siōng-hái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioxnghae
*** IPA (Penang): /siɔŋ²¹ hai⁴⁴⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁴²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siǒng-hái
*** Tâi-lô: Siǒng-hái
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ²² hai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /siɔŋ³³⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siāng-hái
*** Tâi-lô: Siāng-hái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaxnghae
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siang$^6$ hai$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng hái
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zaon-he$_5$
*** MiniDict: zaon$^去$ he$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zaan-he$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²² he⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$zaon$_6$-he$_3$
*** MiniDict: zaon$^去$ he$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zɑ̃²² he³³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: shan$^5$ hai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ xai̯⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /san²¹⁻¹¹ xai̯⁴¹/

### Proper noun

上海
* (～市) Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)
    上海證券交易所／上海证券交易所 ― Shànghǎi zhèngquàn jiāoyìsuǒ ― Shanghai Stock Exchange
       Tā zuìjìn pǎo dào Shànghǎi qù le. [Pinyin]
       She ran off to Shanghai recently.
       Zài Shànghǎi wǒ háiyǒu jǐ jiàn shìqíng yào ānpái. [Pinyin]
       I still have a few things to arrange in Shanghai.
       $^6$non $^5$tau $^6$zaon-he$_5$ $^6$le-leq$_8$ $^1$tu-sau$_5$ $^6$zen-kuaon$_1$-leq$_8$ [Wugniu]
       How long have you been in Shanghai?
* (～縣) (historical) Shanghai (a former county of Shanghai, China)
* (chiefly Shanghainese, Suburban Shanghainese Wu) Downtown Shanghai; Inner-city Shanghai; Shanghai city center
    From: , 9:49
    Originally in Xinzhuang town, whatever that's high-end, there was very few of those things. People always, everybody would go take the metro line to go to the city.

#### Synonyms

* (city): (abbreviation) 滬／沪 (hù); 申 (shēn)

#### Derived terms

* 上合 (Shàng Hé)
* 上海人 (Shànghǎirén)
* 上海毛蟹 (Shànghǎi máoxiè)
* 上海灘 / 上海滩 (Shànghǎitān)
* 上海言話 / 上海言话
* 上海話 / 上海话 (shànghǎihuà)
* 上海閒話 / 上海闲话
* 上海青 (shànghǎiqīng)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 상해(上海) (Sanghae)
* → Vietnamese: Thượng Hải (上海)
Others:
* → English: Shang-hai, Shanghae, Shanghai
* → French: Shanghai, Shanghaï, Changhaï
* → Japanese: 上(シャン)海(ハイ) (Shanhai)
* → Korean: 상하이 (Sanghai)
* → Russian: Шанха́й (Šanxáj)
* → Zhuang: Sanghaij

### See also

* 華亭／华亭 (Huátíng), 松江 (Sōngjiāng): two historical major cities now under the juristiction of Shanghai

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 上 | 海 |
| しゃん Grade: 1 | はい Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 上海 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English Shanghai, from the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 上海 (Shànghǎi).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) シャンハイ [sháꜜǹhàì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) シャンハイ [shàńháꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɕã̠ɰ̃ha̠i]

### Proper noun

上海(シャンハイ) • (Shanhai)
* Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)

#### Derived terms

* 上(シャン)海(ハイ)語(ご) (Shanhai-go)

### References

* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 上 | 海 |

### Proper noun

上海 • (Sanghae) (hangeul 상해)
* hanja form of 상해 (“Shanghai”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 上 | 海 |

### Proper noun

上海
* chữ Hán form of Thượng Hải (“Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)”).