# hora
## English
### Etymology 1

From Hebrew הוֹרָה (hóra), Yiddish האָרע (hore), and Romanian horă, from Turkish hora, probably from Greek χορός (chorós, “dance”). Doublet of choir, chorus, and quire.

#### Noun

hora (plural horas)
* (dance) A circle dance popular in the Balkans, Israel and Yiddish culture worldwide.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit होरा (horā, “hour”). Doublet of hour and year.

#### Noun

hora (uncountable)
* A branch of traditional Indian astrology, dealing with the finer points of predictive methods.

### References

* ↑ “hora”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (2008).

### Anagrams

* Haro, Hoar, ROAH, haor, haro, hoar, oh ar

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin hōra (“hour”).

### Noun

hora m (plural hores)
* hour
* time
    ¿Qué hora ye?
       What time is it?
* o'clock
    les 19.00 hores
       7.00 pm

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan hora, borrowed from Latin hōra (“hour”) (borrowing is indicated by the late attestation and pronunciation with open /ɔ/). First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈɔ.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈɔ.ɾa]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

hora f (plural hores)
* hour (sixty minutes)
* time (the moment as indicated by a clock)
    Quina hora és? ― What time is it?
* time (the appropriate hour to do something)
* appointment
    Synonym: cita
    Tinc hora al metge. ― I've got an appointment with the doctor.

#### Derived terms

* a alta hora
* a hora baixa
* a hora foscant
* a l'hora
* bona hora
* d'hora
* fora d'hora
* gran hora de dia
* hora extra
* hora punta
* hora zero
* horabaixa
* horeta
* tothora

### Further reading

* “hora” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “hora”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “hora” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “hora” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* hůra (dialectal)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech hora, from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦora]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

hora f
* mountain
* (colloquial) a lot, tons

#### Derived terms

* horal m
* horák m
* horolezec m

#### Related terms

* horní
* horský
* náhorní
* horka
* horník
* hůrka
* podhůří

### Further reading

* “hora”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “hora”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “hora”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
### Etymology

From Spanish hora.

### Noun

hora
* hour.

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse hóra, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear, loved”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhoːɹa/
* Rhymes: -oːɹa

### Noun

hora f (genitive singular horu, plural horur)
* (vulgar) whore, (female) prostitute
* (vulgar, slang, derogatory) slut
* (nautical, humorous) tusk, cusk

#### Synonyms

* (prostitute): skøkja f
* (tusk, cusk): brosma f

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Romanian horă.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhorɑ/, [ˈho̞rɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -orɑ
* Hyphenation: ho‧ra

### Noun

hora
* hora (dance)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of hora (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
horani
horani
accusative
nom.
horani
horani
gen.
horani
genitive
horani
horieni horaini $^{rare}$
partitive
horaani
horiani
inessive
horassani
horissani
elative
horastani
horistani
illative
horaani
horiini
adessive
horallani
horillani
ablative
horaltani
horiltani
allative
horalleni
horilleni
essive
horanani
horinani
translative
horakseni
horikseni
abessive
horattani
horittani
instructive
comitative
—horineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
horasi
horasi
accusative
nom.
horasi
horasi
gen.
horasi
genitive
horasi
horiesi horaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
horaasi
horiasi
inessive
horassasi
horissasi
elative
horastasi
horistasi
illative
horaasi
horiisi
adessive
horallasi
horillasi
ablative
horaltasi
horiltasi
allative
horallesi
horillesi
essive
horanasi
horinasi
translative
horaksesi
horiksesi
abessive
horattasi
horittasi
instructive
comitative
—horinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
horamme
horamme
accusative
nom.
horamme
horamme
gen.
horamme
genitive
horamme
horiemme horaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
horaamme
horiamme
inessive
horassamme
horissamme
elative
horastamme
horistamme
illative
horaamme
horiimme
adessive
horallamme
horillamme
ablative
horaltamme
horiltamme
allative
horallemme
horillemme
essive
horanamme
horinamme
translative
horaksemme
horiksemme
abessive
horattamme
horittamme
instructive
comitative
—horinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
horanne
horanne
accusative
nom.
horanne
horanne
gen.
horanne
genitive
horanne
horienne horainne $^{rare}$
partitive
horaanne
horianne
inessive
horassanne
horissanne
elative
horastanne
horistanne
illative
horaanne
horiinne
adessive
horallanne
horillanne
ablative
horaltanne
horiltanne
allative
horallenne
horillenne
essive
horananne
horinanne
translative
horaksenne
horiksenne
abessive
horattanne
horittanne
instructive
comitative
—horinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
horansa
horansa
accusative
nom.
horansa
horansa
gen.
horansa
genitive
horansa
horiensa horainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
horaansa
horiaan horiansa
inessive
horassaan horassansa
horissaan horissansa
elative
horastaan horastansa
horistaan horistansa
illative
horaansa
horiinsa
adessive
horallaan horallansa
horillaan horillansa
ablative
horaltaan horaltansa
horiltaan horiltansa
allative
horalleen horallensa
horilleen horillensa
essive
horanaan horanansa
horinaan horinansa
translative
horakseen horaksensa
horikseen horiksensa
abessive
horattaan horattansa
horittaan horittansa
instructive
comitative
—horineen horinensa :

### Anagrams

* Arho, arho, haro, ohra

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin hōra.

### Noun

hora f (plural hores) (ORB, broad)
* hour

### References

* heure in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* hora in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ora, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin hōra (“hour”). Doublet of ora.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔɾɐ], [ˈoɾɐ]

### Noun

hora f (plural horas)
* hour
* time of the day
    Que hora é? ― What time is it?
* regular or designated time for doing something

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “hora”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “hora”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “hora”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “hora”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “hora”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Interlingua
### Noun

hora (plural horas)
* hour

#### Derived terms

* libro de horas Book of hours

## Italian
### Noun

hora f (plural hore)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of ora

### Anagrams

* Raho

## Japanese
### Romanization

hora
* Rōmaji transcription of ほら

## Ladino
### Noun

hora f
* Alternative spelling of ora
** 1940, La boz de Türkiye‎, numbers 11-34, page 68:A fin de no dar lugar a una aglomeracion en masa, los interesados son rogados de querer bien apresurarsen a retirar los billetos de entrada en los días y las horas fixadas.In order to leave no room for mass settlement, the interested are implored to want to really hurry up taking out the entry tickets on the fixed days and hours.

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈhoː.ra/, [ˈhoːrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈo.ra/, [ˈɔːrä]

### Noun

hōra f (genitive hōrae); first declension
* hour
** c. 1050?, Ave Maria (Hail Mary)
    Et in hora mortis nostrae.And in the hour of our death.
* time
** c. 2 A.D., Ovid, Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love, ELEGY XI)
    Dum loquor, hora fugit.
       Even as I speak, time fleeteth way.
* o'clock
* season; time of year

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* ad hōram
* hāc hōrā
* hanc hōram

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: oarã, ore
** Romanian: oară
* Dalmatian:
** jaura
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: ora
** Italian: ora
** Sicilian: ura
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: òra
* Padanian:
** Emilian: ora
** Friulian: ore
** Istriot: ura
** Ladin: ora, ëura
** Lombard: ùra
** Piedmontese: ora
** Romansch: ura, oura (Surmiran)
** Venetan: óra
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: hora
** Old French: hore (early), heure (late)
*** Angevin: houre
*** Middle French: heure (see there for further descendants)
*** → Middle Dutch: ûre (see there for further descendants)
** Old Northern French: oure, eure, ure
*** Anglo-Norman: houre
**** → Middle English: houre (see there for further descendants)
*** Norman:
    Continental Norman: heure, houre
    Guernsey Norman: haeure
    Jersey Norman: heuthe
*** Picard: eure
*** Walloon: eure
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: hora
** Occitan: ora
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: hora
** Old Galician-Portuguese: ora
*** Galician: hora, ora
*** Portuguese: hora, ora (see there for further descendants)
** Spanish: hora (see there for further descendants)
Borrowings
* → Albanian: herë (early borrowing), orë (later borrowing)
* → Basque: oren
* → Hungarian: óra
* → Old Irish: úar
** Middle Irish: úar
*** Irish: uair
*** Manx: oor
*** Scottish Gaelic: uair
* → Proto-Brythonic: *ǫr
** Breton: eur
** Welsh: awr
* → Romanian: oră

### References

* “hora”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “hora”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "hora", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. what time is it: quota hora est? it is the third hour (= 9 A.M.: tertia hora est at the time agreed on: ad horam compositam
* “hora”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “hora”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Middle English
### Determiner

hora
* (chiefly Early Middle English and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* horen

### Noun

hora m or f
* definite feminine singular of hore

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

hora f
* definite singular of hore

## Old Czech
### Alternative forms

* hóra

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈɣora/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈɦora/

### Noun

hora f
* mountain
    spěti z hory ― to rise (sun)
    spěti k hořě ― to set (sun)
* rock
* pile
* mountain mine
* winery
    vinničná/vinná/vinohradnie/vinohradná hora ― winery

#### Derived terms

* horák
* hórka
* nahoru
* nahořě
* příhořie
* shóry
* vhóru

#### Descendants

* Czech: hora, hůra (dialectal)

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “hora”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse hóra, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ.

### Noun

hōra f
* whore, adulteress

#### Descendants

* Swedish: hora

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ora, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).
Cognate with Galician, Spanish, and Catalan hora, Occitan and Italian ora, French heure and Romanian oară.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.ɾɐ/
* (Northeast Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔ.ɾa/
* Homophone: ora
* Hyphenation: ho‧ra

### Noun

hora f (plural horas)
* hour (period of sixty minutes)
    Há vinte e quatro horas num dia.There are twenty-four hours in a day.
    Ele estava aqui há uma hora.He was here one hour ago.
* time (point in time)
    A alguma hora, eu passo aí.At some time, I’ll hop over there.
    Que horas são?What time is it?
    É hora de dar tchau.It's time to say goodbye.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:hora.

#### Derived terms

* 24 horas
* da hora
* em cima da hora
* fazer hora
* hora da verdade
* hora de ponta
* hora do rush
* hora H
* horinha

#### Descendants

* → Chichewa: ola
* → Guajajára: 'or
* Kabuverdianu: óra
* Macanese: ora
* Papiamentu: ora

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhora]

### Noun

hora f
* definite nominative/accusative singular of horă

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Verb

-hóra (infinitive guhóra, perfective -hóze)
* to be(come) quiet, be(come) calm
* to be(come) cold, cool
* to always or continuously do

#### Derived terms

* amahoro (“peace”)
* buhoro

### Verb

-hōra (infinitive guhōra, perfective -hōye)
* to avenge

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɔra]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

hora f
* mountain

#### Derived terms

* horár
* horička
* horský
* hôrka
* hôrny

### Further reading

* “hora”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin hōra (“hour”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoɾa/ [ˈo.ɾa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -oɾa
* Syllabification: ho‧ra

### Noun

hora f (plural horas)
* hour (a time period of sixty minutes)
    Hay veinticuatro horas por el día.There are twenty-four hours in a day.
* time (the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device)
    ¿Qué hora es?What time is it?
    Ya es hora de ir.It's time to go.
* high time (usually with "ya")
    Ya es hora de ser abiertos y honestos entre nosotros.It's high time we be open and honest with each other.
* (education) hour, period (of class)
    Tengo un examen a primera hora mañana.I have a test during first period tomorrow.
    Tenemos juntos la tercera hora.We have third period together.
* (Spain, colloquial) appointment (e.g. with the doctor)
    Synonym: cita

#### Derived terms

* a buena hora
* a buenas horas
* a la hora
* a la hora de
* a mil por hora
* a primera hora
* a su hora
* a toda hora
* a todas horas
* a última hora
* altas horas
* cada hora
* con la hora pegada al culo
* dar la hora
* de buena hora
* de última hora
* deshora
* en hora mala
* en mal hora
* en mala hora
* enhorabuena
* enhoramala
* entre horas
* hora de dormir, hora de acostarse (“bedtime”)
* hora de la verdad
* hora de los quiubos
* hora de verano
* hora de verdad
* hora legal
* hora muerta
* hora pico
* hora punta
* horas de trabajo (“working hours”)
* horas extraordinarias (“overtime”)
* horas extras
* libro de horas
* media hora
* no se ganó Zamora en una hora
* no ver la hora
* poner en hora
* por hora
* por horas
* qué hora es
* última hora
* ya era hora

#### Related terms

* ahora
* horario
* horóscopo

#### Descendants

* → Bikol Central: oras
* → Cebuano: oras
* → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: hora
* → Karao: oras
* → Maranao: oras
* → Navajo: óola
* → Quechua: ura
* → Tagalog: oras
* → Taos: ùroʼóna
* → Tetelcingo Nahuatl: ura
* → Yogad: oras
* ⇒ Papiamentu: ora

### Further reading

* “hora”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish hōra, from Old Norse hóra, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear, loved”). Compare Danish hore, English whore, Dutch hoer, German Hure. Doublet of kär.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /huːra/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

hora c
* a whore (prostitute)
    Synonyms: fnask, gatflicka, glädjeflicka, luder, (man whore) manshora, nattfjäril, prostituerad, sexarbetare, sexsäljare, sköka, slinka
* (derogatory) a whore (promiscuous person, slut)
* (derogatory) a whore (person offering themselves in some non-sexual capacity in a way perceived as indicating a lack of self-respect)
* (derogatory) a whore (contemptible person)

#### Declension
### Verb

hora (present horar, preterite horade, supine horat, imperative hora)
* to whore
* (figuratively) to whore (offer oneself in a way perceived as indicating a lack of self-respect)
    Han verkar hora ut sig till vilka tveksamma sponsorer som helstHe seems to whore himself out to any dubious sponsor whatsoever
* (dated) to engage in adultery or fornication (sex with someone who is not one's spouse, or sex while unmarried)

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Derived terms

* horbock
* horkarl
* horklut
* horunge
* svennehora

#### Related terms

* hor
* horeri
* horig

### References

* hora in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* hora in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* hora in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Fula Ordboken

### Anagrams

* hoar