# tog
## Translingual
### Symbol

tog
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tonga (Malawi).

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Tonga (Malawi) terms

## English
### Etymology 1

Shortened from earlier togemans, togeman (“cloak, loose coat”), from Middle English tog, toge, togue, from Old French togue, from Latin toga (“cloak, mantle”) (compare the doublets toga and toge). Togeman(s) was an old thieves' and vegabonds' cant for "cloak; coat". By the 1700s the noun tog was used as a shortened form, then with the meaning "coat"; before 1800 the word (in this sense usually in the plural; see togs) started to mean "clothing". The verb tog ("to dress up") came shortly after. The unit of thermal resistance was coined in the 1940s after the clo, a unit of thermal insulation of clothing, which was itself derived from clothes or clothing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɒɡ/
* (US) IPA: /tɔɡ/
* (cot–caught merger) IPA: /tɑɡ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒɡ

#### Noun

tog (plural togs)
* (slang, archaic) A cloak.
* (slang, archaic) A coat.
** c. 1864, Alfred Peck Stevens, “The Chickaleary Cove”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris‎, published 1896, page 161:I have a rorty gal, also a knowing pal, / And merrily together we jog on, / I doesn't care a flatch, as long as I've a tach, / Some pannum for my chest, and a tog on.
* A unit of thermal resistance, being ten times the temperature difference (in °C) between the two surfaces of a material when the flow of heat is equal to one watt per square metre

##### Derived terms

* (clothes): toggery, tog bag

#### Verb

tog (third-person singular simple present togs, present participle togging, simple past and past participle togged)
* (transitive) To dress (often with up or out).
** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:“ […] if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […] ”

#### References

* “tog, n.1.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
* “tog, v..”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
* “† togeman, n..”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

tog (not comparable)
* (knitting) Abbreviation of together.
** 2012, Kay Meadors, Knitting for a Cure, page 34:Row 1 (Right side): Slip 1, K1, K2 tog, YO, K 10, (K2 tog, YO) twice, K3.

### Etymology 3

Clipping of tautog

#### Noun

tog (plural togs)
* A tautog, a large wrasse native to the eastern coast of North America.
** 2021, Nick Honachefsky, “Catching Tautog from Shore”, in On The Water‎:Though most jetty anglers fish the tip when looking for blackfish, tog can often be found along the entire structure.
** 2023, Tony Salerno, “Shaking The Winter Jitters: It’s Time For Tog’”, in The Fisherman‎:However, many locations hold plenty of keeper tog to 8 pounds, with several monster white chins over the 10-pound mark, particularly along the East End of the Sound.

#### Verb

tog (third-person singular simple present togs, present participle togging, simple past and past participle togged)
* (transitive) To fish for tautog.
** 2023, Jason Colby, “Tog Jigging: Do It Your Way!”, in The Fisherman‎:Another mindset that seems to work well for new togging recruits is to ask them to wait until the fish ‘takes the rod down’.

### Etymology 4

Clipping of photographer

#### Noun

tog (plural togs)
* (informal) A photographer, especially a professional one.
** 2006 July 9, “Lapel mic question”, in DV Info Net‎, archived from the original on 12 April 2024:Funny you should ask, I had a "scene" with a photographer, at yesterdays' Wedding, over the Groom's lapel Mic, the Groom was ok with it, but the tog, said it would spoil his photos, the Groom had a light jacket on, so it was visible, but, what else can you do?
** 2016 April 15, “Another Wedding Another Photog screwing things up”, in Whirlpool forums‎, archived from the original on 4 November 2016:If the tog said he'd deliver A grade shots but actually delivered D grade – tog is at fault
** 2022 December 9, “Whats your favourite lens?”, in reddit.com‎, archived from the original on 9 December 2022:Been a tog for a few years now, bit by bit expanding my lens library and just the other day picked up a 16-35mm f4 IS, it's pretty great.

##### Synonyms

* lensman, lenswoman, photog

### Anagrams

* -got-, GOT, GTO, GoT, OTG, TGO, got

## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔχ/

### Etymology 1

From Dutch tocht, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tuhtiz.

#### Noun

tog (plural togte)
* expedition, journey

##### Derived terms

* aftog
* optog
* soektog
* uittog
* veldtog

### Etymology 2

From Dutch toch

#### Adverb

tog
* still, notwithstanding, yet, surely
    My bloes is tog mooier as joune. ― My blouse is still prettier than yours.

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tāga, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tég-os, from *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Latin tegō (“to cover”), Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof”), Old Irish tech (“house”), and others.

### Noun

tog m (plural togje, definite togu, definite plural togjet)
* heap, pile
* cluster, bunch (of people)

#### Derived terms

* toger

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 148

## Danish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German toge, toch, from Old Saxon *tugi, from Proto-Germanic *tugiz. Cognate with Dutch teug, German Zug, Old English tyge. The sense "train" is derived from German Zug.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔː(ˀ)ɣ/, [ˈtˢɔˀw], [ˈtˢɔw]
* Homophone: tåg

#### Noun

tog n (singular definite toget, plural indefinite tog or toge)
* train
* expedition

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toːˀ/, [ˈtˢoˀ]

#### Verb

tog
* past tense of tage

## Dutch
### Adverb

tog
* Misspelling of toch.
    Hij kwam tog? ― He came, didn't he?

## Faroese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰoː/

### Noun

tog n (genitive singular togs, plural tog)
* (hemp) rope
* long hair of a sheep skin

#### Declension
## Icelandic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰɔːɣ/
* Rhymes: -ɔːɣ

### Noun

tog n (genitive singular togs, nominative plural tog)
* the act of pulling
* rope

#### Declension
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Zug (sense 1), and German Low German tog, toch (sense 2).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [toːɡ]

### Noun

tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga or togene)
* (rail transport) a train (line of connected cars or carriages, often hauled by a locomotive)
    Flere tog kommer innom stasjonen hver dag.Several trains stop by the station every day.
* a procession or parade
    17. mai-toget ― the 17th of May parade

#### Derived terms

* ekspresstog
* felttog
* fjerntog
* godstog
* høyhastighetstog
* korstog
* lokaltog
* nattog
* passasjertog
* persontog
* regiontog
* togekspeditør
* togfører
* togreise
* togsett
* togtid
* togtur
* togvert
* vogntog

### References

* “tog” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Middle Low German tuch (“fare, pulling”) (genitive toges). In the sense of a train, it is a semantic borrow from German Zug.

#### Noun

tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga)
* (rail transport) a train (as above)
* a procession or parade

##### Derived terms

* ekspresstog
* felttog
* fjerntog
* godstog
* lokaltog
* nattog
* passasjertog
* persontog
* regiontog
* togekspeditør
* togførar
* togsett
* togtid
* togtur
* vogntog

### Etymology 2

From earlier and Old Norse tog, from Proto-Germanic *taugō.

#### Noun

tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of tau
* (pre-1938) alternative form of tau

##### Inflection

* Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard.
* Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier.
* Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen.
* $^1$Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

### References

* “tog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* got

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* toga

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoɣ/

### Verb

tog
* second-person singular imperative of do·goa

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

Possibly from an older Proto-Germanic *tugą. Related to the verb toga.

### Noun

tog n
* rope, line, cord

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: tog
* Faroese: tog
* Norwegian Nynorsk: tau, tog
* Norwegian: (dialectal) taug, tøg, tug
* Norwegian Bokmål: tau
* Old Swedish: tugh, togh
** Swedish: tåg
* Old Danish: tow
** Danish: tov

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “tog”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔk/
* Rhymes: -ɔk
* Syllabification: tog
* Homophone: tok

### Noun

tog f
* genitive plural of toga

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish tócbáil, verbal noun of do·fócaib (“lifts up, raises; takes, takes up; brings; takes away, lifts off, removes; raises, sets up (of stones, buildings, etc.); exalts, uplifts, elevates, extols; rears, brings up, fosters; exacts, levies, raises (a tribute or tax); awakens, rouses, excites”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰok/

### Verb

tog (past thog, future togaidh, verbal noun togail, past participle togta)
* lift, raise, rear, haul, pick up, hoist
* build, erect
* brew, distil
* carry
* take away
* excite, stir, cheer up, rouse
* exact (as tribute)
* rear, educate, rear, bring up (a child)
* hoist, weigh
* extol
* (agriculture) make sheaves of corn

#### Derived terms

* dian-thograch (“ambitious”)
* tog dealbh (“photograph”, verb)
* tog fianais (“demonstrate”)
* togarrach (“desirous, keen, wishful; inviting, enticing, alluring; stimulating”)

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·fócaib”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tócbáil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Edward Dwelly (1911) “tog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tǫgъ. Cognate with Czech tuhý.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tóːk/

### Adjective

tọ̑g (comparative bȍlj tọ̑g, superlative nȁjbolj tọ̑g)
* rigid, stiff

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “tog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “tog”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuːɡ/

### Verb

tog
* past indicative of ta
* past indicative of taga

### Anagrams

* got.