# joule
## English
### Etymology

Named after English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889). The surname is a variant of Joel.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: jo͞ol, joul; IPA: /d͡ʒuːl/, /d͡ʒaʊl/
* Audio (Southern England); /d͡ʒuːl/:(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /d͡ʒʉl/
* Homophones: jewel (/-uː-/, one pronunciation), jowl (/-aʊ-/), Juul (/-uː-/)
* Rhymes: -uːl, -aʊl

### Noun

joule (plural joules)
* In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J

#### Derived terms

* gigajoule
* joule-second
* joule thief
* kilojoule
* megajoule
* microjoule
* millijoule
* nanojoule
* picojoule
* terajoule
* zeptojoule

#### Translations
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from French joule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdʒau̯l]
* Hyphenation: joule

### Noun

joule m inan
* joule (the derived unit of energy, work and heat)

#### Derived terms

* exajoule
* gigajoule
* kilojoule
* megajoule
* petajoule
* terajoule

### Further reading

* “joule”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “joule”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Etymology

From French joule.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

joule m (plural joules)
* joule

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English joule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjou̯le/, [ˈjo̞u̯le̞]
* Rhymes: -oule
* Hyphenation: jou‧le

### Noun

joule
* joule (unit of measure)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of joule (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jouleni
jouleni
accusative
nom.
jouleni
jouleni
gen.
jouleni
genitive
jouleni
joulejeni jouleini $^{rare}$
partitive
jouleani
joulejani
inessive
joulessani
jouleissani
elative
joulestani
jouleistani
illative
jouleeni
jouleihini
adessive
joulellani
jouleillani
ablative
jouleltani
jouleiltani
allative
joulelleni
jouleilleni
essive
joulenani
jouleinani
translative
joulekseni
jouleikseni
abessive
joulettani
jouleittani
instructive
comitative
—jouleineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
joulesi
joulesi
accusative
nom.
joulesi
joulesi
gen.
joulesi
genitive
joulesi
joulejesi jouleisi $^{rare}$
partitive
jouleasi
joulejasi
inessive
joulessasi
jouleissasi
elative
joulestasi
jouleistasi
illative
jouleesi
jouleihisi
adessive
joulellasi
jouleillasi
ablative
jouleltasi
jouleiltasi
allative
joulellesi
jouleillesi
essive
joulenasi
jouleinasi
translative
jouleksesi
jouleiksesi
abessive
joulettasi
jouleittasi
instructive
comitative
—jouleinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
joulemme
joulemme
accusative
nom.
joulemme
joulemme
gen.
joulemme
genitive
joulemme
joulejemme jouleimme $^{rare}$
partitive
jouleamme
joulejamme
inessive
joulessamme
jouleissamme
elative
joulestamme
jouleistamme
illative
jouleemme
jouleihimme
adessive
joulellamme
jouleillamme
ablative
jouleltamme
jouleiltamme
allative
joulellemme
jouleillemme
essive
joulenamme
jouleinamme
translative
jouleksemme
jouleiksemme
abessive
joulettamme
jouleittamme
instructive
comitative
—jouleinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
joulenne
joulenne
accusative
nom.
joulenne
joulenne
gen.
joulenne
genitive
joulenne
joulejenne jouleinne $^{rare}$
partitive
jouleanne
joulejanne
inessive
joulessanne
jouleissanne
elative
joulestanne
jouleistanne
illative
jouleenne
jouleihinne
adessive
joulellanne
jouleillanne
ablative
jouleltanne
jouleiltanne
allative
joulellenne
jouleillenne
essive
joulenanne
jouleinanne
translative
jouleksenne
jouleiksenne
abessive
joulettanne
jouleittanne
instructive
comitative
—jouleinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
joulensa
joulensa
accusative
nom.
joulensa
joulensa
gen.
joulensa
genitive
joulensa
joulejensa jouleinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
jouleaan jouleansa
joulejaan joulejansa
inessive
joulessaan joulessansa
jouleissaan jouleissansa
elative
joulestaan joulestansa
jouleistaan jouleistansa
illative
jouleensa
jouleihinsa
adessive
joulellaan joulellansa
jouleillaan jouleillansa
ablative
jouleltaan jouleltansa
jouleiltaan jouleiltansa
allative
joulelleen joulellensa
jouleilleen jouleillensa
essive
joulenaan joulenansa
jouleinaan jouleinansa
translative
joulekseen jouleksensa
jouleikseen jouleiksensa
abessive
joulettaan joulettansa
jouleittaan jouleittansa
instructive
comitative
—jouleineen jouleinensa :

#### Derived terms

* eksajoule
* gigajoule
* kilojoule
* megajoule
* terajoule

### Further reading

* “joule”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒul/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

joule m (plural joules)
* joule

### Further reading

* “joule”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

From English joule, from English physicist James Prescott Joule.

### Noun

joule m (plural joules)
* joule
    Synonym: xulio

## Italian
### Etymology

From French joule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒul/, /ˈd͡ʒawl/, (not recommended) /ˈʒul/
* Rhymes: -ul, -awl
* Hyphenation: joule

### Noun

joule m (invariable)
* joule

### References

* ↑ joule in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* ↑ joule in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French joule.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒaw.li/ [ˈʒaʊ̯.li]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒaw.li/ [ˈʒaʊ̯.li]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒaw.le/ [ˈʒaʊ̯.le]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʒu.lɨ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -awli, (Portugal) -ulɨ
* Hyphenation: jou‧le

### Noun

joule m (plural joules)
* joule (derived unit of energy, work and heat)

### Further reading

* “joule”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “joule”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French joule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒul/

### Noun

joule m (plural jouli)
* joule

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English joule, from English physicist James Prescott Joule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʝul/ [ˈɟ͡ʝul]
* IPA: (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝul/ [ˈɟ͡ʝul]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈʃul/ [ˈʃul]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʒul/ [ˈʒul]
* Rhymes: -ul

### Noun

joule m (plural joules)
* joule
    Synonym: julio

#### Usage notes

* According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

### Further reading

* “joule”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10