# 稿

| 稿 | U+7A3F, &#31295; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A3F |
| ← 稾 [U+7A3E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穀 → [U+7A40] |

## Translingual
### Han character

稿 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜口月 (HDYRB), four-corner 2092$_7$, composition ⿰禾高)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25220
* Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2625, character 6
* Unihan data for U+7A3F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 稿
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 高 | *kaːw |
| 膏 | *kaːw, *kaːws |
| 篙 | *kaːw |
| 稿 | *kaːwʔ |
| 稾 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws |
| 槁 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ |
| 縞 | *kaːwʔ, *kaːws |
| 暠 | *kaːwʔ |
| 槀 | *kaːwʔ |
| 藁 | *kaːwʔ |
| 燺 | *kʰaːwʔ |
| 薧 | *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw |
| 犒 | *kʰaːws |
| 蒿 | *qʰaːw |
| 藃 | *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw |
| 豪 | *ɡaːw |
| 毫 | *ɡaːw |
| 壕 | *ɡaːw |
| 濠 | *ɡaːw |
| 鎬 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 滈 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 鄗 | *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 鰝 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 薃 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 搞 | *kruːʔ |
| 敲 | *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws |
| 髇 | *qʰraːw |
| 嗃 | *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 巐 | *kʰl'awʔ |
| 歊 | *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ |
| 謞 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 熇 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 碻 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 塙 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 毃 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 翯 | *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ |
| 瀥 | *qʰraːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːwʔ): semantic 禾 + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎo (gao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gou$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kó
    (Hailu, HRS): go$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gō̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): go$^3$ / gor$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó / kó͘
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$kau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎo
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^3$
*** Yale: gǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gao
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎor
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎor
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: gǎur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaol
*** Palladius: гаор (gaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /kaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gou$^2$
*** Yale: góu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kó
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ko³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: go$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geô
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: go$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵ³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ³³²/
* go3 - vernacular (e.g. 菜稿, 稻稿);
* gor3 - literary (e.g. 稿件, 草稿).
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤawʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːwʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 稿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kaw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.[k]ˁawʔ/ |
| English | straw |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 稿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3729 |
| Phonetic component | 高 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暠 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːwʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文稾今字 |

### Definitions

稿
* (literary) stalk of grain; straw
    稿薦／稿荐 ― gǎojiàn ― straw mattress; pallet
* draft; sketch (Classifier: 份 m c)
* manuscript (Classifier: 篇 m c)
    稿件 ― gǎojiàn ― rough draft; manuscript
* (literary, or in compounds) looks; appearance (of a person)

#### Synonyms

* (stalk of grain): 莖／茎 (jīng)
* (draft):
* 初稿 (chūgǎo)
* 底子 (dǐzi)
* 文稿 (wéngǎo)
* 稿子 (gǎozi)
* 草底 (cǎodǐ) (colloquial)
* 草稿 (cǎogǎo)
* (manuscript):
* 文稿 (wéngǎo)
* 書稿 / 书稿 (shūgǎo) (literary, literary manuscript)
* 稿件 (gǎojiàn)
* 稿子 (gǎozi)
* (looks):
* 人才 (réncái)
* 儀容 / 仪容 (yíróng) (of a person)
* 儀表 / 仪表 (yíbiǎo) (of a person)
* 外形 (wàixíng)
* 外相 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 外範 / 外范 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 外表 (wàibiǎo)
* 外觀 / 外观 (wàiguān)
* 外貌 (wàimào)
* 姿容 (zīróng)
* 容貌 (róngmào, “facial features”)
* 容顏 / 容颜 (róngyán, “facial features”)
* 尊容 (zūnróng) (ironic or honorific, of a person)
* 尪仔頭 / 尪仔头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 形容 (xíngróng, “facial appearance”) (literary)
* 形貌 (xíngmào)
* 樣子 / 样子 (yàngzi)
* 模樣 / 模样 (of a person)
* 樣貌 / 样貌 (yàngmào)
* 相貌 (xiàngmào) (of a person)
* 瞻視 / 瞻视 (zhānshì) (literary)
* 觀瞻 / 观瞻 (guānzhān)
* 貌相 (màoxiàng) (of a person)
* 賣相 / 卖相 (màixiàng) (originally Wu)
* 長相 / 长相 (of a person)
* 面容 (miànróng, “facial features”)
* 面容仔 (“facial features”) (Hakka)
* 面水 (Hokkien)
* 面貌 (miànmào)
* 顏容 / 颜容 (yánróng, “facial features”)
* 體面 / 体面 (tǐmiàn)

### Compounds

* 主稿
* 乾稿 / 干稿
* 來稿 / 来稿
* 初稿 (chūgǎo)
* 創稿 / 创稿
* 劍南詩稿 / 剑南诗稿
* 原稿 (yuángǎo)
* 存稿
* 孫晨稿席 / 孙晨稿席
* 完稿 (wángǎo)
* 定稿 (dìnggǎo)
* 審稿 / 审稿 (shěngǎo)
* 寫稿 / 写稿
* 屬草稿 / 属草稿
* 底稿 (dǐgǎo)
* 徵稿 / 征稿 (zhēnggǎo)
* 截稿 (jiégǎo)
* 手稿 (shǒugǎo)
* 打底稿
* 打稿
* 打腹稿
* 投稿 (tóugǎo)
* 拒稿 (jùgǎo)
* 撰稿 (zhuàngǎo)
* 撤稿 (chègǎo)
* 撰稿人
* 擬稿 / 拟稿 (nǐgǎo)
* 改稿
* 文稿 (wéngǎo)
* 會稿 / 会稿
* 有底稿
* 校稿
* 清史稿
* 清稿 (qīnggǎo)
* 清稿本
* 特稿 (tègǎo)
* 畫稿 / 画稿
* 發稿 / 发稿 (fāgǎo)
* 稿人
* 稿件 (gǎojiàn)
* 稿兒 / 稿儿
* 稿子 (gǎozi)
* 稿底
* 稿本 (gǎoběn)
* 稿案
* 稿源
* 稿砧
* 稿約 / 稿约
* 稿紙 / 稿纸 (gǎozhǐ)
* 稿葬
* 稿薦 / 稿荐 (gǎojiàn)
* 稿費 / 稿费 (gǎofèi)
* 稿酬 (gǎochóu)
* 縛稿為人 / 缚稿为人
* 脫稿 / 脱稿 (tuōgǎo)
* 腹稿
* 芻稿 / 刍稿
* 草稿 (cǎogǎo)
* 講稿 / 讲稿 (jiǎnggǎo)
* 起稿
* 轉載稿 / 转载稿
* 辦稿 / 办稿
* 退稿 (tuìgǎo)
* 遺稿 / 遗稿
* 邀稿
* 默稿

### References

* “稿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “稿”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 176.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* manuscript, version, draft

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: わら (wara, 稿)

### Verb

稿(こう)する • (kō suru) suru (stem 稿(こう)し (kō shi), past 稿(こう)した (kō shita))
* to write (a manuscript/rough copy)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 稿し | こうし | kō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 稿し | こうし | kō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 稿する | こうする | kō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 稿する | こうする | kō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 稿すれ | こうすれ | kō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 稿せよ¹ 稿しろ² | こうせよ¹ こうしろ² | kō seyo¹ kō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 稿される | こうされる | kō sareru |
| Causative | 稿させる 稿さす | こうさせる こうさす | kō saseru kō sasu |
| Potential | 稿できる | こうできる | kō dekiru |
| Volitional | 稿しよう | こうしよう | kō shiyō |
| Negative | 稿しない | こうしない | kō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 稿せず | こうせず | kō sezu |
| Formal | 稿します | こうします | kō shimasu |
| Perfective | 稿した | こうした | kō shita |
| Conjunctive | 稿して | こうして | kō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 稿すれば | こうすれば | kō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean
### Hanja

稿 (eumhun 볏집 고 (byeotjip go))
* hanja form of 고 (“draft, manuscript”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

稿: Hán Nôm readings: cảo, khao
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.