# -age
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum. Cognates include French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem, Spanish -aje, Occitan -atge, Romanian -aj. Doublet of -atic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪd͡ʒ/, /əd͡ʒ/ (earlier loans and when attached to any non-French roots)
* IPA: /eɪd͡ʒ/ (obsolete in native English; used as spelling pronunciation in India)
* IPA: /ɑːʒ/ (more recent loanwords from French such as massage, mirage, barrage, etc.)

### Suffix

-age
* forming nouns with the sense of collection or appurtenance.
    Synonyms: -ery, -ing
    ‎word + ‎-age → ‎wordage
* forming nouns indicating a process, action, or a result
    ‎block + ‎-age → ‎blockage
    ‎marry + ‎-age → ‎marriage
    ‎slip + ‎-age → ‎slippage
    ‎shrink + ‎-age → ‎shrinkage
* forming nouns of a state or relationship
    ‎bond + ‎-age → ‎bondage
    ‎marry + ‎-age → ‎marriage
    ‎parent + ‎-age → ‎parentage
    ‎line + ‎-age → ‎lineage
* forming nouns indicating a place
    ‎orphan + ‎-age → ‎orphanage
    ‎hermit + ‎-age → ‎hermitage
* forming nouns indicating a charge, toll, or fee
    ‎post + ‎-age → ‎postage
    ‎broker + ‎-age → ‎brokerage
    ‎cork + ‎-age → ‎corkage
* forming nouns indicating a rate
    ‎percent + ‎-age → ‎percentage
    ‎mile + ‎-age → ‎mileage
* forming nouns of a unit of measure.
    ‎volt + ‎-age → ‎voltage
    ‎foot + ‎-age → ‎footage
    ‎tonne + ‎-age → ‎tonnage
    ‎hour + ‎-age → ‎hourage

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* G. E. A., EGA, Ega, GAE

## Dutch
### Etymology

From French -age.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaː.ʒə/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-age
* Creates nouns from verbs and from other nouns. It denotes:
** action
    ‎kijven (“to altercate, dispute, wrangle”) + ‎-age → ‎kijvage (“squabbling”)
    ‎lekken (“to leak”) + ‎-age → ‎lekkage (“leakage”)
** collectivity
    ‎tuig (“rig”) + ‎-age → ‎tuigage (“rigging”)
** result of an action
    ‎stellen + ‎-age → ‎stellage

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: -ase

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aʒ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑʒ

### Suffix

-age m (plural -ages)
* Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X".
* Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X".
* (rare) Forming collective nouns.

#### Usage notes

* Although the historical suffix has had many applications (e.g. family relationships, locations), it is now restricted primarily to the sense of "action of Xing", and many terms now have little to no connection with the most common uses. This is especially notable of those descended from actual Latin words in -aticus such as fromage and voyage.

#### Descendants

* → Czech: -áž
* → Dutch: -age
** → Indonesian: -ase
* → German: -age
* → Romanian: -aj
* → Slovak: -áž

#### See also
## German
### Alternative forms

* -asche (obsolete or nonstandard)

### Etymology

Borrowed from French -age m. Feminised by analogy with the majority of German words in -e, perhaps also with other suffixes of abstract nouns such as -heit and -ung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːʒə/

### Suffix

-age f (plural -agen)
* Nominal suffix, rarely productive, mostly restricted to borrowings from French.

#### Derived terms
## Interlingua
### Alternative forms

* -agi-

### Etymology

Borrowed from English -age, French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem/Spanish -aje, all ultimately from Latin -āticum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaʒe/, /ˈadʒe/

### Suffix

-age
* forms nouns from nouns, denoting a collection; -age
    ‎folio (“leaf”) + ‎-age → ‎foliage (“foliage”)
    ‎fructo (“fruit”) + ‎-age → ‎fructage (“fruitage”)

#### Usage notes

* G in this suffix always represents a fricative (or affricate) sound rather than a plosive, i.e. /ˈaʒe/ (or /ˈadʒe/) rather than */ˈaɡe/.
* It takes the form -agi- before o or a.

#### Derived terms
### References

* Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

## Japanese
### Romanization

-age
* Rōmaji transcription of あげ

## Middle English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ˈaːd͡ʒ(ə)/

### Suffix

-age
* Forms nouns indicating a right or relationship.
* Forms nouns indicating a charge, toll, or fee.
* (not productive) Used in nouns taken from Old French indicating actions, results, groups, etc.

#### Descendants

* English: -age
* Scots: -age

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French -age, from Latin -āticum.

### Suffix

-age
* forms nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X"
* forms nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X"

#### Descendants

* French: -age
** → Czech: -áž
** → Dutch: -age
*** → Indonesian: -ase
** → German: -age
** → Romanian: -aj
** → Slovak: -áž
* Norman: -age, -âge

## Occitan
### Suffix

-age
* (Mistralian) Alternative form of -atge

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* -aige
* -aje (rare)

### Etymology

From Latin -āticum.

### Suffix

-age
* forms nouns with the sense of 'action or result of'
* forms nouns with the sense of 'state of being'

#### Descendants

* Angevin: -ége, -éje
* Bourguignon: -aige, -eige
* Champenois: -age, -aige, -ège
* Franc-Comtois: -aidge, -aige
* Middle French: -age (see there for further descendants)
* Gallo: -aige
* Lorrain: -èdje, -ège, -êge
* Picard: -åjhe
* Poitevin-Saintongeais: -age, -ajhe
* Walloon: -aedje
* → Medieval Latin: -āgium
* → Middle English: -age
** English: -age
** Scots: -age

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* -agen (Portugal)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French -age and Old Occitan -atge. Doublet of -ádego.

### Suffix

-age
* Forms nouns, from verbs, indicating action, state or capacity

#### Descendants

* Fala: -aixhi, -aji
* Galician: -axe
* Portuguese: -agem

### References

* Xoán López Viñas (2015) “Sufixos” (chapter 2), in Dicionario de afixos e voces afixadas do galego medieval (Monografías da Revista Galega de Filoloxía; 8)‎ (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISBN, page 92