# rice
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹaɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪs

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rys, from Old French ris, from Old Italian riso, risi, from Byzantine Greek ὄρυζα (óruza), from an Eastern Iranian language related to Middle Persian blnc (*brinǰ), Northern Kurdish riz (beyond Euphrates) and Zazaki riz. Theorized to come to Iranian languages from Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhi).
Prior to Sanskrit, it is speculated to be possibly a borrowing from a Dravidian language (compare Proto-Dravidian *wariñci (“rice”)), or from Austroasiatic languages further east.
Alternatively Byzantine Greek ὄρυζα (óruza) is said to be from Hebrew אורז (órez), from South Arabian areez ultimately from Old Tamil 𑀅𑀭𑀺𑀘𑀺 (arici).
Doublet of arroz.

#### Noun

rice (countable and uncountable, plural rices)
* (uncountable) Cereal plants, Oryza sativa of the grass family whose seeds are used as food.
** 1831, Daniel Jay Browne, The Naturalist‎, volume 1, page 375:Rice is a tropical plant; yet Carolina and Georgia grow the finest in the world; heavier grained, better filled, and more merchantable, than any imported into Europe from the Indies.
** 1982, International Rice Research Institute, Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice‎:Drought stress causes yield reductions and sometimes total crop failures in rainfed rice areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
** 2014, V. S. Rao, Transgenic Herbicide Resistance in Plants‎:Rice transformed with genes encoding human CYP1a1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 are more tolerant of various herbicides than non-transgenic rice plants, due to increased metabolism by the introduced P450 enzymes [Kawwahigashi et al. 2005a, 2007, 2008; James et al. 2008].
* (countable) A specific variety of this plant.
** 1895, Sir Walter Roper Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmír‎:The rices of Kashmír are infinite in variety. In one tahsíl I have found fifty-three varieties.
** 1922 April, L. Humbert, “America Has Hard Competition in France”, in Rice Journal and Southern Farmer‎, volume 25, number 4:First, we have the Italian rices; secondly, the rices of the French colonies of Indo-China and Madagascar, which are beginning to cultivate rices of very fine quality, altogether superior to those that were cultivated only a few years back.
** 2000, R.K Singh, U.S. Singh, G.S. Khush, editors, Aromatic Rices‎:For commercial purposes, the rices are classified according to the kernel length as short-grain, medium-grain, longgrain and long-slender-grain.
* (uncountable) The seeds of this plant used as food.
** 1881, Mary Foote Henderson, Practical Cooking and Dinner Giving‎:Mold boiled rice, when hot, in cups which have been previously dipped in cold water; when cold, turn them out on a flat dish, arranging them uniformly; then with a tea-spoon scoop out a little of the rice from the top of each cone, and put in its place any kind of jelly.
** 1998, Noreen G. Dowling, Sustainability of Rice in the Global Food System‎:In sum, when a modern Japanese family and its members sit around the supper table eating their bowls of Japanese-grown rice, they are not simply indulging a gastronomic preference for short-grained and slightly sticky japonica rice over long-grained indica rice from Thailand.
** 2010, S. D. Sharma, Rice: Origin, Antiquity and History‎:On the festival day, rice is cooked together with this rice knot above.
* (uncountable, slang, ethnic slur, humorous) The types of automobile modifications characteristic of a rice burner.
* (computing) An instance of customization of a user interface.
    This is my first rice!

##### Hyponyms

* Ambemohar
* arborio
* aromatic rice
* basmati
* beaten rice
* Bhutanese red rice
* black rice
* bora saul
* brown rice
* Calrose rice
* Camargue red rice
* carnaroli
* Champa rice
* chicken rice
* Chinese fermented rice
* Chinese fermented sweet rice
* Chinese sweet fermented rice
* chipped rice
* combination fried rice
* converted rice
* corn rice
* disco rice
* fermented glutinous rice
* fermented rice
* fermented sticky rice
* fermented sweet rice
* flattened rice
* glutinous rice
* golden rice
* jasmine rice
* jungle rice
* longevity rice
* Patna rice
* pounded rice
* pressed rice
* purple rice
* red rice
* rice porridge
* samba rice
* scorched rice
* sticky rice
* sticky rice wine
* sushi rice
* sweet rice
* sweet rice wine
* Thai fermented rice
* Thai fermented sweet rice
* Thai sweet fermented rice
* this this rice
* two-dish rice
* uncooked rice
* unhusked rice
* Vietnamese fermented glutinous rice
* Vietnamese fermented sticky rice
* Vietnamese fermented sweet rice
* waxy rice
* white rice
* Yangzhou fried rice

##### Holonyms

* bhelpuri
* California roll
* dosa
* gumbo
* idli
* jambalaya
* khir
* mirin
* mochi
* nasi goreng
* onigiri
* pad thai
* paella
* pilaf, pilau
* rangoli
* rijsttafel
* risotto
* sake
* samshu
* sushi
* tahdig

##### Coordinate terms

* (Cereals) cereal; barley, fonio, maize/corn, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, teff, triticale, wheat

##### Derived terms

* ant rice
* arborio rice
* Arborio rice
* artificial rice
* baby rice
* black rice
* brewer's rice
* brewers' rice
* broken rice
* brown rice
* cheese and rice
* cook-up rice
* Coues' rice rat
* dirty rice
* economy rice
* flattened rice
* forbidden rice
* French rice
* fried rice
* fried rice syndrome
* glorified rice
* golden rice
* Hainanese chicken rice
* hanging rice
* hom mali rice
* hungry rice
* Indian rice
* iron rice bowl
* Italian rice ball
* Japanese rice ball
* jollof rice
* like white on rice
* longevity rice
* long rice
* Manchurian wild rice
* mealie rice
* Mexican rice
* mountain rice
* northern wild rice
* oily rice
* omu rice
* omu-rice
* Patna rice
* peas and rice
* polished rice
* pudding rice
* puffed rice
* purple rice
* red yeast rice
* rice and peas
* rice bag
* rice ball
* rice bean
* ricebird
* rice biscuit
* rice blast
* rice bowl
* rice burner
* rice cake
* rice car
* ricecel
* rice chaser
* rice Christian
* rice congee
* rice cooker
* rice-cracker
* rice cracker
* rice cutgrass
* rice-eater
* rice eater
* rice field
* rice flakes
* rice flour
* rice flower
* rice glue
* rice grass
* rice growing
* rice hat
* rice hen
* rice hull
* rice huller
* rice husk
* rice husker
* rice king
* rice leafhopper
* rice malt
* rice milk
* rice-mill
* rice mill
* rice moth
* rice nigger
* rice noodle
* rice out
* rice paddle
* rice paddy
* rice paddy herb
* rice paper
* rice-paper plant
* rice pounder
* rice pudding
* rice-queen
* rice queen
* ricer
* rice rat
* rice rocket
* rice shell
* rice-spirit
* rice stick
* rice stitch
* rice swift
* rice tenrec
* rice vinegar
* rice water
* rice weevil
* rice wine
* Spanish rice
* special fried rice
* sticky rice
* sweet fermented rice
* taco rice
* white on rice
* white rice
* wild rice

##### Descendants

* Bislama: raes
* Tok Pisin: rais
* → Japanese: ライス (raisu)

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

rice (third-person singular simple present rices, present participle ricing, simple past and past participle riced)
* (transitive) To squeeze through a ricer; to mash or make into rice-sized pieces (especially potatoes).
** 1881, Maria Parloa, Miss Parloa's New Cook Book: A Guide to Marketing and Cooking‎:Riced Potato. Have a flat dish and the colander hot. With a spoon, rub mashed potato through the colander on to the hot dish.
** 1961, Potato Chipper, volume 21, page 88:Following ricing, the potato mash proceeds to the drum drier where flaking is done.
** 2015, Lorna Seilstad, As Love Blooms (The Gregory Sisters Book #3): A Novel:Last night I riced the potatoes and added in the cream and butter while they were hot, so today wll we have to do is add flour and roll them out.
* (intransitive) To harvest wild rice (Zizania sp.)
** 1894, John Merle Coulter, Botanical Gazette‎, page 505:In northern Minnesota the whites have invented the verb "to rice," and speak of "ricing," i. e., harvesting the crop of wild rice.
** 1988, Thomas Vennum, Wild rice and the Ojibway people:When ricing, the Ojibway dress warmly at first; by midday they may shed some clothes as harvest toil combines with the hot sun of late summer to warm them.
** 2002, David Laursen, A Capital Place: Reminiscences of a Sandy Lake Boyhood‎:As it was, the Indian seldom bothered to harvest wild rice on public waters after opening day of the ricing season.
* (rare) To throw rice at a person (usually at a wedding).
** 1886 July 24, “Echoes of the Week”, in The Illustrated London News‎, volume 89, page 90:So far as I can make out, the idiotic function of “ricing” English brides and bridegrooms is not twenty years old.
** 2002, Helen Argers, The Gilded Lily‎:The couple was well riced and sent on their way.
** 2006, Timothy Lee, Billy: A Gay Trilogy:As the reception ended the two newlyweds were riced to death and fled into an awaiting getaway car and drove off...followed by a stream of tin cans.
* (computing, transitive) To customize the user interface of a computer system, e.g. a desktop environment. (derived from rice out)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English ris, rys, from Old English hrīs (“branch; twig”), from Proto-Germanic *hrīsą (“bush; twig”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreys- (“to turn; bend; wind; move; shake”). Cognate with Scots reise, rice (“twigs; brushwood”), West Frisian riis, rys, Dutch rijs (“little branch; twig; osier; whip”), German Low German Ries, German Reis (“twig; sprig; shoot”), Swedish ris (“twigs; brush; rod”), Icelandic hrís.

#### Alternative forms

* rise

#### Noun

rice (plural rices)
* (now chiefly, dialectal, Scotland, Ireland) A twig or stick.
** 1834, John Johnstone, A systematic treatise on the theory and practice of draining land‎:To guard the bank from the impression of the water, a fence, OF STAKE AND RICE, may be made along the bottom of it next the sea, which will last till the surface on that side is sufficiently swarded, and the mound properly consolidated.
** 1851, Henry Stephens, The Book of the Farm‎, volume 1:Another form of dead-hedge is the stake-and-rice, and it is formed of the branches of forest trees; and where these are plentiful and thorns scarce, it is an economical dead fence.
** 1881 July 16, Notes and Queries (6)‎, volume 6:"Gilbert White, the well-known naturalist, in a letter dated Selborne, Oct. 4th, 1775, says, 'Our people here, you know, call coppice-wood or hedge-wood rice or rise. Is this word still in use in that neighbourhood? And is it also known in Surrey?"
* (weaving, obsolete) A bobbin or spool.
** 1892, John Cordy Jeaffreson, editor, Middlesex County Records‎, volume 4:[…] taken unlawfully from the same house five "machines called 'Engine-Weaving Loomes' worth thirty pounds, and two ounces of silke worth five shillings, and two joynt-stooles worth three shillings, and a pair of 'Rices to wind silke on' worth four shillings […]
** 1895, Richard Marsden, Cotton Weaving: Its Development, Principles, and Practice‎:The hanks are placed upon light, collapsible hexagon reels termed rices, which are easily lifted out of their position for the reception of the hank.
** 1977, Marianne Straub, Hand weaving and cloth design:Swift (rice) Skein holder, hank holder.

##### Related terms

* rise-wood/risewood

### References

* ↑ https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/book/TVA_BOK_0013043_Proceedings_Of_The_Second_International_Conference_Seminar_Of_Tamil_Studies.pdf pg436

### Anagrams

* ERIC, Eric, cire, eric, icer

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrʲit͡sɛ/, [ˈrʲit͡sə]

### Verb

rice
* third-person plural present of ricaś

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

rice
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of riche (“rich”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

rice
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of riche (“realm”)

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* rīc

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“kingdom, realm”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈriː.t͡ʃe/

#### Noun

rīċe n
* kingdom, empire
    Rōmāna rīċethe Roman Empire
    Godes rīċethe Kingdom of God
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
    ...and se gramlica casere dioclytianus is gedon of his rice......and the furious emperor Diocletian is deposed from his empire,...
* reign
** The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
    An. DCCLII Hēr Cūðrēd ġefeaht þȳ XII ġēare his rīċes æt Beorhforda wiþ Æþelbald.Year 752 In this year, the twelfth year of his reign, Cuthred fought with Athelbald at Burford.
* authority, dominion

##### Declension

Strong ja-stem:

##### Derived terms

* bisċoprīċe (“diocese”)
* cynerīċe (“kingdom”)
* ēþelrīċe (“native realm”)
* fiþerrīċe (“tetrarchy”)
* Francrīċe (“France”)
* heofonrīċe (“kingdom of heaven”)
* rīċedōm (“dominion”)
* ricsian (“to rule, prevail”)
* Rōmāna rīċe (“Roman Empire”)

##### Related terms

* rīċen
* ricsian

##### Descendants

* Middle English: riche, ryche, rik, rike, ryk (Northern), rice (Early Middle English)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“mighty, rich”).

#### Adjective

rīċe (superlative riċost)
* rich
* powerful

##### Descendants

* Middle English: riche, rech, reche, rich, ruche, rych, ryche, reke, rik, rike (Northern), rice (Early Middle English)
** English: rich
** Scots: rich
** Yola: reeche

#### See also

* rīcsian

## Old French
### Adjective

rice m (oblique and nominative feminine singular rice)
* (Picardy) Alternative form of riche

## Spanish
### Verb

rice
* inflection of rizar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative