# մորմ
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /moɾm/, [moɾm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /moɾm/, [moɾm]

### Etymology 1

From Middle Armenian մորմ (morm).

#### Noun

մորմ • (morm)
* nightshade

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Middle Armenian մորմ (morm).

#### Noun

մորմ • (morm)
* wolf spider, tarantula, Lycosa
    Synonyms: գայլասարդ (gaylasard), ղռիշուն (ġṙišun)

##### Usage notes

Recorded in Ararat, New Julfa and Salmas dialects. Amatuni informs that in Ararat մորմ (morm) refers to "a large, black and reddish poisonous insect resembling the spider".

##### Declension
#### References

* ↑ Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (2001) “մորմ”, in Kendanineri anunneri hayeren-ṙuseren-latineren kargabanakan baṙaran. Girkʻ Z. Bazmotaniner, tʻrapočʻer, sardakerper, xecʻgetnakerper, kisakʻordavorner, covaneter, pogonoforner, pʻšamortʻner, pʻapʻkamarminner, order, manrakirner, aġexoršavorner, spungner [An Armenian–Russian–Latin Taxonomic Dictionary of Animal Names. Book VI. Myriapoda, Merostomata, Arachnida, Crustacea, Hemichordata, Chaetognatha, Pogonophora, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Worms, Ctenophora, Coelenterata, Spongia] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Tigran Mets, →ISBN, § 36, page 5
* ↑ Hambarjumyan V. H. et al., editors (1982), “մորմ”, in Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran [Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia] (in Armenian), volume 8, Yerevan: Haykakan sovetakan hanragitarani glxavor xmbagrutʻyun, page 54c
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 347b
* ↑ Mkrtičʻean, Aršawir, Mkrtičʻean, Areg (1997) “մորմ”, in Barbaṙ Nor J̌uġayi : Baṙacʻank [Glossary of Armenian language New Julfa dialect] (in Armenian), Glendale: Navasart, page 47
* ↑ Ōhanean, Ṙubik (2012) “մորմ”, in Baṙacʻank (baṙaran) : Salmasti barbaṙ [Wordlist (Dictionary): Salmas Dialect]‎ (in Armenian), Tabriz, page 107
* ↑ Amatuni, Sahak (1912) “մորմ”, in Hayocʻ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 489

## Middle Armenian
### Etymology 1

Probably a broken reduplication based on Old Armenian մոր (mor).

#### Noun

մորմ • (morm)
* nightshade, hound's berry, or the like
* blackberry
* strawberry

##### Derived terms

* մորմենի (mormeni)

##### Descendants

* Armenian: մորմ (morm)

#### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “մորմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “մոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 474

### Etymology 2

The origin is uncertain. Compare Georgian მორიელი (morieli, “scorpion”).
According to Martirosyan, reflects a Mediterranean substrate insect / bogey-name, found also in Ancient Greek Μορμώ (Mormṓ), Μορμών (Mormṓn, “she-monster, bogey”) and Latin formido.
Alternatively, perhaps literally meaning "the hairy one" and borrowed from a Middle Iranian reflex of Proto-Iranian *mauda- (“hair”), whence Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwd), Persian مو (mu, “hair”), Baluchi میذ (mīδ, “goat's hair; hair”) and possibly Yazghulami mů (“spider”). On these see ESIJa, without the Armenian. For the sound changes compare սափոր (sapʻor). Note that tarantulas are hairy and Amirdovlatʿ describes մոր (mor) as "woolly". In this scenario, the -մ (-m) in the form մորմ (morm) would need an explanation.

#### Alternative forms

* մոր (mor), մուր (mur)

#### Noun

մորմ • (morm)
* a kind of venomous spider, probably wolf spider, tarantula, Lycosa
** 1309, Baroyaxōs [Physiologus] Earliest recension (TR).29.1:Է երէ ինչ, որ կոչի ինքնիմոն (var. մորմ), որ թարգմանի հետահան․ թշնամի է վիշապի, թէպէտ եւ սաստիկ իցէ վիշապս։Ē erē inčʻ, or kočʻi inkʻnimon (var. morm), or tʻargmani hetahan; tʻšnami ē višapi, tʻēpēt ew sastik icʻē višaps.Translation by Gohar MuradyanThere is an animal called ichneumon (var. morm) which is translated "tracer." It is the enemy of the dragon, although the dragon is fierce.
** 1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses] :Ըռաթիլէ· որ թ. պօն ասէ, եւ հ. մոր կասեն․ կենդանի է որպես սարդուսդէ․ եւ ինքն ի Եազտ եւ յիր բոլորն շատ կու լինի․ եւ այսոր՝ խայեայկիրակ կասեն, եւ պ. տումակուկ ասէ․ եւ ինքն վնասակար գազանացն է․ եւ գունն դեղին է․ եւ ոտքն եւ ձեռքն ի բուրդ կու նմանէ որպէս լիսանըլսավր․ եւ խոտ մըն կայ որ հռ. ֆալախճին կասեն․ աւգտէ ըռաթիլային խաթածին. այսոր՝ նապաթի ըռաթլայ կասեն․ եւ ինքն յիշած է ի վերայ ֆէին, Աստուծով։Əṙatʻilē· or tʻ. pōn asē, ew h. mor kasen; kendani ē orpes sardusdē; ew inkʻn i Eazt ew yir bolorn šat ku lini; ew aysor, xayeaykirak kasen, ew p. tumakuk asē; ew inkʻn vnasakar gazanacʻn ē; ew gunn deġin ē; ew otkʻn ew jeṙkʻn i burd ku nmanē orpēs lisanəlsavr; ew xot mən kay or hṙ. falaxčin kasen; awgtē əṙatʻilayin xatʻacin. aysor, napatʻi əṙatʻlay kasen; ew inkʻn yišac ē i veray fēin, Astucov.Əṙatʻilē = Turks call it pō, and Armenians mor. It is an animal similar to the spider. There are many of them in Yazd and its environs. And it is called xayeaykirak and in Persian tumakuk. It is one of the most harmful animals. Its colour is yellow, and the arms and legs are woolly like a plantain. There is also a plant which the Romans call falaxčin. It is a remedy for əṙatʻilē’s bites. It is called napatʻi əṙatʻlay. It is mentioned under F, with God.

##### Derived terms

* մորահար (morahar)

##### Descendants

* Armenian: մորմ (morm)

#### References

* ↑ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 478
* ↑ Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283–284
* ↑ Muradyan, Gohar (2005) Physiologus: The Greek and Armenian Versions with a Study of Translation Technique (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 6)‎, Leuven – Paris – Dudley: Peeters, pages 26, 132–133, 159, attested as a variant reading of ինքնիմոն (inkʻnimon) in the Matenadaran manuscript no. 2174 written in 1309
* ↑ Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses of Amirdovlatʿ Amasiacʿi]‎, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 841, pages 164–165

#### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 347b
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “մոր”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 521
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “մորմ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 523
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “մորմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “մորմ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 528ab
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “մոր”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Vardanjan, Stella (1990) Амирдовлат Амасиаци, Ненужное для неучей (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 134, 613