# 一月
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yīyuè
       (Zhuyin): ㄧ ㄩㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi$^2$ yue$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jat$^1$ jyut$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yit-ngie̍t / yit-ngia̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yid$^5$ ngiad$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ih$^6$ gue$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): it--ge̍h / it--goe̍h
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$iq-yuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīyuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yiyuè
*** Wade–Giles: i$^1$-yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: yī-ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iyueh
*** Palladius: июэ (ijue)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yi$^2$ yue$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iye
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹ ye²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jat$^1$ jyut$^6$
*** Yale: yāt yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jat$^7$ jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yed$^1$ yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐt̚⁵ jyːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngie̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: id$^ˋ$ ngied
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yid$^5$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /it̚² ŋi̯et̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngia̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)id$^ˋ$ ngiad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yid$^5$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚² ŋi̯at̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yid$^5$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /it̚¹ ŋiat̚⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ih$^6$ gue$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ih-gōi
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ¹ kuei²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ih$^6$ gue$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ² kuei²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it--ge̍h
*** Tâi-lô: it--ge̍h
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it--goe̍h
*** Tâi-lô: it--gue̍h
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$iq-yuq
*** MiniDict: ih$^入$ yuih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$iq-hhyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ³³ ɦyɪʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'jit ngjwot
Rime :
| Character | 一 | 月 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) | 月 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於悉切 | 魚厥切 |
| Baxter | 'jit | ngjwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiɪt̚/ | /ŋʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔit̚/ | /ŋʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjet̚/ | /ŋiuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔit̚/ | /ŋuat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiĕt̚/ | /ŋiuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭĕt̚/ | /ŋĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ĕt̚/ | /ŋi̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yi | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jat$^1$ | jyut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[t] [ŋ]ʷat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qliɡ ŋod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 一 | 月 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yī | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjit › | ‹ ngjwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔi[t]/ | /*[ŋ]ʷat/ |
| English | one | moon, month |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 一 | 月 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14833 | 16319 |
| Phonetic component | 一 | 月 |
| Rime group | 質 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 一 | 月 |
| Old Chinese | /*qliɡ/ | /*ŋod/ |

### Noun

一月
* January
* first month of the Chinese lunar calendar

#### Synonyms

* (solar month): 元月 (Yuányuè)
* (lunar month, common): 正月 (zhēngyuè), 元月 (Yuányuè)
* (lunar month, archaic): 端月 (duānyuè), 初月, 嘉月, 開歲／开岁, 新正 (xīnzhēng), 隅月, 孟月 (mèngyuè), 始春, 元春, 陬月 (Zōuyuè)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 一月(いちげつ) (ichigetsu)
* → Korean: 일월(一月) (irwol)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “一月”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 304.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 月 |
| いち Grade: 1 | がつ Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 1月
From 一 (ichi, “one”) +‎ 月 (-gatsu, “month”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いちがつ [ìchígátsúꜜ] (Odaka – [4]) noun
* (Tokyo) いちがつ [ìchígátsú] (Heiban – [0]) adverb
* IPA: [it͡ɕiɡa̠t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

一(いち)月(がつ) • (ichigatsu)
* January
* (archaic) the first month of the lunar calendar
    Synonym: 睦月 (mutsuki)
* one month

##### Derived terms

* 一(いち)月(がつ)寺(じ) (Ichigatsu-ji)
* 一(いち)月(がつ)場(ば)所(しょ) (ichigatsu basho)
* 一(いち)月(がつ)蜂(ほう)起(き) (Ichigatsu Hōki)

##### See also

* 一(いち)月(がつ) (ichigatsu)
* 二(に)月(がつ) (nigatsu)
* 三(さん)月(がつ) (sangatsu)
* 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu)
* 五(ご)月(がつ) (gogatsu)
* 六(ろく)月(がつ) (rokugatsu)
* 七(しち)月(がつ) (shichigatsu)
* 八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu)
* 九(く)月(がつ) (kugatsu)
* 十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu)
* 十(じゅう)一(いち)月(がつ) (jūichigatsu)
* 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu)
* 正(しょう)月(がつ) (shōgatsu)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 月 |
| いち Grade: 1 | げつ Grade: 1 |
| goon | kan'on |
Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 一 (ichi, “one”, 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu-sound”) reading) +‎ 月 (getsu, “moon, month”, 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han-sound”) reading).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いちげつ [ìchígéꜜtsù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [it͡ɕiɡe̞t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

一(いち)月(げつ) • (ichigetsu)
* (archaic) the first month of the lunar calendar
* one month
* a full moon

##### Derived terms

* 一(いち)月(げつ)三(さん)舟(しゅう) (ichigetsu sanshū)

##### Proverbs

* 一(いち)月(げつ)往(い)ぬる二(に)月(げつ)逃(に)げる三(さん)月(げつ)去(さ)る (ichigetsu inuru nigetsu nigeru sangetsu saru)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 月 |
| ひと Grade: 1 | つき Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
Possibly from Old Japanese.
Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) +‎ 月 (tsuki, “month”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひとつき [hìtóꜜtsùkì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [çi̥to̞t͡sɨ̥kʲi]

#### Noun

一(ひと)月(つき) • (hitotsuki)
* one month

##### Coordinate terms

v • d • eJapanese counter/suffix: 月 (つき, tsuki, "months") :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 1 | 一月 | ひとつき | hitotsuki |
| 2 | 二月 | ふたつき | futatsuki |
| 3 | 三月 | みつき | mitsuki |
| 4 | 四月 | よつき | yotsuki |
| 5 | 五月 | いつつき | itsutsuki |
| 6 | 六月 | むつき | mutsuki |
| 7 | 七月 | ななつき | nanatsuki |
| 8 | 八月 | やつき | yatsuki |
| 9 | 九月 | ここのつき | kokonotsuki |
| 10 | 十月 | とつき | totsuki |
| ? | 何月 | なんつき | nantsuki |

### See also

* 一(いっ)ヶ月(げつ) (ikkagetsu, “(for) one month”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 一 | 月 |

### Noun

一月 • (irwol) (hangeul 일월)
* hanja form of 일월

## Okinawan
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 月 |
| いち Grade: 1 | ぐゎち Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Cognate with mainland Japanese 一月 (ichigatsu).

#### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) いちぐゎち [ìchígwáchí] (Heiban - [0])
* IPA: [it͡ɕiɡʷat͡ɕi̻]

#### Noun

一(いち)月(ぐゎち) (ichigwachi)
* January
* the first month of the lunar calendar

##### See also

* 正(そう)月(ぐゎち) (sōgwachi)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 月 |
| ちゅ Grade: 1 | ちち Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
Cognate with mainland Japanese 一月 (hitotsuki).

#### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) ちゅちち [chùchíchí] (Heiban - [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕut͡ɕi̻t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

一(ちゅ)月(ちち) (chuchichi)
* one month

##### Derived terms

* 一(ちゅ)月(ちち)越(ぐ)し (chuchichigushi)

## Old Japanese

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### Etymology

From 一 (pi$_1$to$_2$, “one”) +‎ 月 (tuki$_2$, “month”).

### Noun

一月 (pi$_1$to$_2$tuki$_2$) (kana ひとつき)
* one month
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Keitai, twenty-fourth year of reign [c. 530 CE], ninth month in autumn:於$_レ$是二國、圖$_レ$度$_二$便地$_一$、淹畱弦晦、築$_レ$城而還、號曰$_二$久禮牟羅城$_一$。Thus the two countries [Baekje and Silla] measured out a piece of ground, settling for a month. They built a castle, named it Kuremura-nö-Sasi, and returned home.

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 一月 (hitotsuki)