# mur
## Aromanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mur/

### Noun

mur m (plural muri)
* wall
    Synonyms: greb, stizmã

#### Related terms

* murisci

## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* mure

### Etymology

From Latin mūrem, accusative singular of mus, from Proto-Indo-European *muh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuɾ/ [ˈmuɾ]

### Noun

mur m (plural mures)
* mouse
    Synonyms: ratu, xurnia

## Breton
### Etymology

From Middle Breton mur, from Old Breton mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.

### Noun

mur f
* wall

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmur]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mur m (plural murs)
* wall

#### Derived terms

* Mur de les Lamentacions

#### Related terms

* extramurs
* intramurs
* mural
* muralla

### Further reading

* “mur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “mur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “mur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “mur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

Probably ultimately from Latin morus; cf. Italian mora, moro.

### Noun

mur f
* blackberry

### References

* Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

### Noun

mur
* sea

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuːˀr/, [ˈmuˀɐ̯], [ˈmuɐ̯ˀ]
* Rhymes: -ur

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse múrr m, borrowed via Old English mūr or Old Saxon mūr from Latin mūrus. Compare also German Mauer f, Dutch muur m.

#### Noun

mur c (singular definite muren, plural indefinite mure)
* wall (defence structure)
* wall (a wall-like structure built by overlapping bricks or by stones)
* (soccer) wall

##### Derived terms

* mure

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mur
* imperative of mure

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūrus.

### Noun

mur m (plural murs) (ORB, broad)
* wall

### References

* mur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* mur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French mur, from Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /myʁ/
* Rhymes: -yʁ
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: mûr, murs, mûrs, mure, mûre, mures, mûres, murent

### Noun

mur m (plural murs)
* wall

#### Derived terms

* aller droit dans le mur
* au pied du mur
* avoir été bercé trop près du mur
* emmurer
* être dos au mur
* faire le mur
* les murs ont des oreilles
* mur de Berlin
* mur de soutènement
* mur des Lamentations
* mur du son
* mur mitoyen
* muraille
* muret
* pariétaire des murs
* parler à un mur
* tégénaire des murs

#### See also

* paroi

### Further reading

* “mur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hausa
### Etymology

Borrowing from Arabic مُرّ (murr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mûr/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [mʊ̂r]

### Noun

mûr̃ m
* myrrh

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch moer, a shortening of moerschroef, from moer (“mother”) +‎ schroef (“bolt”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mur/

### Noun

mur (plural mur-mur)
* nut (fastener for a bolt)

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Ulster) IPA: /mˠəɾˠ/

### Determiner

mur
* Ulster form of bhur

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 235, page 86

## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* muur

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مهر.

### Noun

mur m (Hebrew spelling מור)
* seal (sigil or seal ring)
* postage stamp
    Vó a pozar un mur para la karta de korreo.I am going to put a stamp on the postcard.

### References

* ↑ “mur”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Leonese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

mur m (plural mures)
* mouse

### References

* AEDLL

## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* mu'r (Courland)

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *murëh. Cognate with Estonian mure, Finnish murhe.

### Noun

mur
* grief
* sorrow

#### Declension
## Lolopo
### Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *mraŋ² (Bradley). Cognate with Nuosu ꃅ (mu), Burmese မြင်း (mrang:).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɤ²¹]

### Noun

mur
* (Yao'an) horse

## Lombard
### Etymology

From Latin mūrus, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmyːr/ (Milanese)

### Noun

mur m
* wall

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

### Verb

mur m (plural murs)
* wall

#### Descendants

* French: mur

### References

* mur on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

## Middle Low German
### Noun

mur or mür f
* Alternative form of mure.

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mei (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”).

### Noun

mur m (plural murs)
* (Guernsey) wall

#### Synonyms

* muthâle (Jersey)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse múrr, from Latin murus.

### Noun

mur m (definite singular muren, indefinite plural murer, definite plural murene)
* a wall (a free-standing barrier, typically made of bricks, stone or concrete)
    En vegg av tre er mindre solid enn en mur av stein.A wall made of wood is less solid than a wall made of stone.

#### Usage notes

Norwegian uses two different words for "wall". One, "mur", refers to independent outdoor structures used to fortify and delineate. The other, "vegg", is used to refer to the walls of a building, regardless of its location and material composition. Both are occasionally used metaphorically, "mur" more so. "Mur" can also refer to the type of material such walls are typically made of, hence the possible construction "murvegg", meaning the wall of a house composed of brick or concrete.

#### Derived terms

* brannmur
* Den kinesiske mur
* grunnmur
* murstein
* murverk
* steinmur
* betalingsmur

### References

* “mur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse múrr, from Latin murus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mʉːr/

### Noun

mur m (definite singular muren, indefinite plural murar, definite plural murane)
* a wall (of stone, concrete or similar material)
    Ein vegg av tre er mindre solid enn ein mur av stein.A wall made of wood is less solid than a wall made of stone.

#### Usage notes

* The words mur and vegg are both translated into English as wall. However, they are widely distinguished in the following manner: only mur is commonly used for freestanding walls. Only vegg is commonly used for the walls of a building, whether internal or external. Mur is restricted to stone or concrete walls, whereas vegg is used regardless of material. A wall made from brick or stone can be called a murvegg.

#### Derived terms

* brannmur
* den kinesiske muren
* grunnmur
* murstein
* murverk
* steinmur

### References

* “mur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* mura (Guardiol)

### Etymology

From Old Occitan mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mei (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /myr/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mur m (plural murs)
* wall

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *mūrā, borrowed from Latin mūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muːr/

### Noun

mūr m
* a wall
    Synonym: weall

#### Declension

Weak:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “múr”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin mūrum, accusative singular of mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mei (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”).

### Noun

mur oblique singular, m (oblique plural murs, nominative singular murs, nominative plural mur)
* wall

#### Descendants

* Bourguignon: meur
* Middle French: mur
** French: mur
* Norman: mur

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin mūrem, accusative singular of mus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuɾ/

### Noun

mur m (plural murs)
* A mouse or rat
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 326 (facsimile):
    oſ uiu iaz(er) com(o) iaz / o cõello aſcõdud ou o mur
       he saw them hiding like a cowering rabbit or a mouse.

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Galician: murar
* ⇒ Portuguese: murar
    Trasmontano: muro (“mouse”)

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin mūrem, accusative singular of mūs.

### Noun

mur m
* mouse
** 1251, anonymous, Calila e Dimna 14, (ed. by Juan Manuel Cacho Blecua, María Jesús Lacarra, Madrid: Castalia, 1993):Et alçó los ojos contra las dos ramas et vio estar en las raízes dellas dos mures, el uno blanco et el otro negro, royendo sienpre, que non quedavan.And he raised his eyes towards the two branches [he was hanging on from], and saw that at the roots there were two mice, one white and the other black, constantly gnawing to the point there hardly remained any roots anymore.

## Piedmontese
### Etymology

From Latin mūrum, accusative singular of mūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /myr/

### Noun

mur m
* wall

#### Derived terms

* muraja
* murèt

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German mūre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmur/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ur
* Syllabification: mur
* Homophone: mór

### Noun

mur m inan (diminutive murek)
* wall (defensive rampart)
    Synonym: wał
* wall (structure built for defense surrounding an area)
    Synonym: wał

#### Derived terms

* na mur beton

#### Related terms

* murarski
* murowy
* murarka
* murarstwo
* murarz
* murować
* wmurować
* wmurowywać
* wymurować
* wymurowywać
* zamurować
* zamurowywać

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: мур (mur)
* → Lithuanian: mūras
* → Slovak: múr
* → Ukrainian: мур (mur)

### Further reading

* mur in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mur/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin mōrus, from Ancient Greek μόρον (móron).

#### Noun

mur m (plural muri)
* blackberry bush

##### Related terms

* mură

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin mūrus (19th century). Perhaps preserved as popular in its use as a rare regionalism from Maramureș and Ardeal.

#### Noun

mur m (plural muri)
* (rare) wall
    Synonyms: perete, zid

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ mur in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
* ↑ Dictionary of Regionalisms and Archaisms from Maramureș.https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Dic%C8%9Bionar_de_regionalisme_%C8%99i_arhaisme_din_Maramure%C8%99/Litera_M

## Scottish Gaelic
### Conjunction

mur
* Alternative form of mura

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūrem. Displaced by ratón, an augmentative form of rata (“rat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuɾ/ [ˈmuɾ]
* Rhymes: -uɾ
* Syllabification: mur

### Noun

mur m (plural mures)
* (archaic) mouse
    Synonym: ratón

#### Related terms

* murciélago
* múrido
* musaraña

### Further reading

* “mur”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sumerian
### Romanization

mur
* Romanization of 𒄯 (mur)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish mur, from Latin murus, possibly through an intermediate like Middle Low German mûre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmʉːr/
* Rhymes: -ʉːr
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mur c
* a (usually free-standing) wall built of overlapping bricks or stones or cement or the like
    Berlinmurenthe Berlin Wall
    kinesiska murenthe Great Wall of China
    Hadrianus murHadrian's Wall
** a wall (defensive structure surrounding a city, castle, etc.)
* (uncountable) the type of material such a wall is made of, usually brick (including when not making up a free-standing wall)
    Vi gjorde ett hål i rummets trävägg och såg att det var mur innanförWe made a hole in the wooden wall of the room and saw that there was brick behind it
* (soccer) a wall

#### Usage notes

An inner or outer wall of a building is a vägg. More rarely, mur might refer to a vägg made of brick or the like. Other terms for such a vägg is murvägg or murad vägg.

#### Derived terms

* murbruk (“mortar”)
* murgröna (“common ivy”)
* ringmur (“city wall”)
* stadsmur (“city wall”)
* tiga som muren

#### Related terms

* murare
* mura

#### Descendants

* → Finnish: muuri

### See also

* mura igen (“brick up”)
* mura in (“immure”)
* tegelsten (“brick”)
* vall

### References

* mur in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* mur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* mur in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* rum

## Tolai
### Alternative forms

* amur

### Pronoun

mur
* Second-person dual pronoun: you two

#### Declension

$^{1)}$ The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh mur, from Old Welsh mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /mɨːr/
* (South Wales) IPA: /miːr/
* Rhymes: -ɨːr
* Homophone: mŷr; mir (South Wales)

### Noun

mur m (plural muriau)
* wall

#### Usage notes

The most commonly used word for “wall” in Welsh is wal. The word mur is used most often when referring to large walls such as the defensive walls of a city or Mur Mawr Tsieina (“the Great Wall of China”). It is also used in compound words, for example murlun, rhagfur, cellfur, briwydd y mur. The word pared refers to an internal partition wall whereas magwyr is a literary word for an external wall, little used now but preserved in such things as place and plant names.

#### Derived terms

* briwydd y mur (“wall bedstraw”)
* carreg ben mur
* cellfur (“cell wall”)
* cenllys y muriau
* craidd mur
* chwerwlys y mur
* dringwr muriau
* duegredyn y muriau (“wall-rue”)
* haidd y mur
* llysiau'r-bystwn y muriau
* Mur Antwn (“the Antonine Wall”)
* Mur Hadrian (“Hadrian's Wall”)
* Mur Mawr Tsieina (“the Great Wall of China”)
* Mur Wylofain (“the Wailing Wall”)
* murio
* muriog
* murlen
* murlun (“mural”)
* murol
* rhagfur (“bulwark, rampart”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.