# कन्या
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* कनिया (kaniyā)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā). Doublet of कनीज़ (kanīz).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kən.jɑː/, [kɐ̃ɲ.jäː]

### Noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f (Urdu spelling کنیا)
* girl
    Synonym: लड़की (laṛkī)
* virgin
    Synonyms: कुँआरी (kũārī), कुमारी (kumārī)
* daughter
    Synonyms: (rare) दुख़्तर (duxtar), पुत्री (putrī), बेटी (beṭī)

#### Derived terms

* कन्यादान (kanyādān)

### Proper noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f (Urdu spelling کنیا)
* (astrology, astronomy) Virgo

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कन्या”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā).

### Noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f
* girl
    Synonym: मुलगी (mulgī)
* daughter
    Synonyms: मुलगी (mulgī), लेक (lek)
* (astronomy) The constellation Virgo
* (astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo
* virgin
    Synonym: कुमारी (kumārī)

#### Derived terms

* कन्यादान (kanyādān)

### See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · रास (rās) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृषभ (vruṣabh) | मिथुन (mithun) | कर्क (karka) |
| सिंह (siuha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तूळ (tūḷ) | वृश्चिक (vruścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुंभ (kumbha) | मीन (mīn) |

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कन्या”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कन्या”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʌnjä]
* Phonetic Devanagari: कन्या
* IPA: [kʌnːjä]
* Phonetic Devanagari: क्aन्न्y्ā

### Noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f
* girl
    Synonym: केटी (keṭī)
* virgin
    Synonym: कुमारी (kumārī)
* (astronomy) The constellation Virgo
* (astrology) A virgo

### See also

Zodiac signs in Nepali · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृष (vr̥ṣ) | मिथुन (mithuna) | कर्कट (karkaṭ) |
| सिंह (siṅha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vr̥ścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुम्भ (kumbha) | मीन (mīna) |

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কন্যা (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
* কন্যা (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ကနျာ (Burmese script)
* કન્યા (Gujarati script)
* ਕਨ੍ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌨𑍍𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦤꦾꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಕನ್ಯಾ (Kannada script)
* កន្យា (Khmer script)
* ກນ຺ຍາ (Lao script)
* കന്യാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᠨᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᠨᠶ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
* କନ୍ଯା (Odia script)
* ꢒꢥ꣄ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
* කන්‍යා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
* கந்யா (Tamil script)
* కన్యా (Telugu script)
* กนฺยา (Thai script)
* ཀ་ནྱཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kanyáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanyáH (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaniiā, “maiden”), Middle Persian [script needed] (knykʿ /⁠kanīg⁠/) (whence Persian کنیز (kaniz)), Latin re-cēns (“recent; fresh; young”), Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ.ní.jɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /kɐn̪.jɑː/

### Noun

कन्या • (kanyā̀) stem, f
* maiden, virgin, unmarried girl
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.9:क॒न्या॑ इव वह॒तुमेत॒वा उ॑ अ॒ञ्ज्य॑ञ्जा॒ना अ॒भि चा॑कशीमि। यत्र॒ सोमः॑ सू॒यते॒ यत्र॑ य॒ज्ञो घृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॑ अ॒भि तत्प॑वन्ते॥kanyā̀ iva vahatúmétavā́ u añjyàñjānā́ abhí cākaśīmi. yátra sómaḥ sūyáte yátra yajñó ghṛtásya dhā́rā abhí tátpavante.As maidens dock themselves with gay adornment to join the bridal feast, I now behold them. Where Soma flows and sacrifice is ready, thither the streams of holy oil are running.
* a daughter
* (astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas

#### Derived terms

* अकन्या (ákanyā)
* कन्याग्रहण (kanyāgrahaṇa, “taking a girl in marriage”)
* कन्याट (kanyāṭa, “following after young girls”)
* कन्यात्व (kanyātva, “virginity”)
* कन्यादातृ (kanyādātṛ, “man who gives a daughter in marriage”)
* कन्यादान (kanyādāna, “bestowal of a daughter in marriage”)
* कन्याभर्तृ (kanyābhartṛ, “a daughter's husband, son-in-law”)
* कन्याभाव (kanyābhāva, “virginity, maidenhood”)
* कन्यार्थिन् (kanyārthin, “wanting or desiring a girl”)
* कन्यावत् (kanyāvat, “having a daughter, father”)
* कन्यावेदिन् (kanyāvedin, “son-in-law”)

#### Descendants

* Balinese: ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬ (kanya)
* Gandhari: 𐨐𐨎𐨙 (kaṃña)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (kaṇṇā)
* Pali: kaññā
** → Burmese: ကညာ (ka.nya)
*** → Shan: ၵၼ်ႇၺႃႇ (kàn nyàa)
** → Khmer: កញ្ញា (kaññaa)
* → Kannada: ಕನ್ಯೆ (kanye)
* → Burmese: ကန် (kan)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: कन्या (kanyā)
    Urdu: کنیا (kanyā)
* → Lü: ᦂᧃᦍᦱ (k̇anyaa)
* → Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: कन्या (kanyā)
    Modi script: 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā)
** → Marathi: कन्या (kanyā)
* → Telugu: కన్య (kanya)
* → Thai: กันยา (gan-yaa)
* → Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰 (kaniyā)

### See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit · राशिचक्र (rāśicakra) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣa) | वृषभ (vṛṣabha) | मिथुन (mithuna) | कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) |
| सिंह (siṃha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vṛścika) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makara) | कुम्भ (kumbha) | मीन (mīna) |

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कन्या”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* “कन्या” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 108.
* Monier Williams (1899) “कन्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0249.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कन्या”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 062
* Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 187
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 297-8