# rapa
## Catalan
### Etymology

Probably from rappa, a Southern Italian dialect form of grappa (“bunch of grapes”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈra.pə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈra.pa]

### Noun

rapa f (plural rapes)
* a bunchstem with the grapes removed
* the inflorescence of an olive tree
* leather of inferior quality
* a name given to various Arum species

#### Derived terms

* rapa blava
* rapa de frare
* rapa mosquera

### Further reading

* “rapa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse hrapa, from Proto-Germanic *hrapaną, *hrappa- (“fast”), from Proto-Indo-European *krb(ʰ)- (“quickly”).

### Verb

rapa (third person singular past indicative rapaði, third person plural past indicative rapaðu, supine rapað)
* (intransitive) to fall

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

### References

* ↑ Guus Kroonen (2013) “hrappa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑ̝pɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
* Hyphenation: ra‧pa

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *rapa (“crumbly stone, crumbly substance”). Cognates include Estonian raba, Karelian rapa, Livonian ra­bā and Votic rapa.

#### Noun

rapa
* dirt, mud

##### Declension

Possessive forms of rapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapani
rapani
accusative
nom.
rapani
rapani
gen.
rapani
genitive
rapani
rapojeni rapaini $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaani
rapojani
inessive
ravassani
ravoissani
elative
ravastani
ravoistani
illative
rapaani
rapoihini
adessive
ravallani
ravoillani
ablative
ravaltani
ravoiltani
allative
ravalleni
ravoilleni
essive
rapanani
rapoinani
translative
ravakseni
ravoikseni
abessive
ravattani
ravoittani
instructive
comitative
—rapoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapasi
rapasi
accusative
nom.
rapasi
rapasi
gen.
rapasi
genitive
rapasi
rapojesi rapaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaasi
rapojasi
inessive
ravassasi
ravoissasi
elative
ravastasi
ravoistasi
illative
rapaasi
rapoihisi
adessive
ravallasi
ravoillasi
ablative
ravaltasi
ravoiltasi
allative
ravallesi
ravoillesi
essive
rapanasi
rapoinasi
translative
ravaksesi
ravoiksesi
abessive
ravattasi
ravoittasi
instructive
comitative
—rapoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapamme
rapamme
accusative
nom.
rapamme
rapamme
gen.
rapamme
genitive
rapamme
rapojemme rapaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaamme
rapojamme
inessive
ravassamme
ravoissamme
elative
ravastamme
ravoistamme
illative
rapaamme
rapoihimme
adessive
ravallamme
ravoillamme
ablative
ravaltamme
ravoiltamme
allative
ravallemme
ravoillemme
essive
rapanamme
rapoinamme
translative
ravaksemme
ravoiksemme
abessive
ravattamme
ravoittamme
instructive
comitative
—rapoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapanne
rapanne
accusative
nom.
rapanne
rapanne
gen.
rapanne
genitive
rapanne
rapojenne rapainne $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaanne
rapojanne
inessive
ravassanne
ravoissanne
elative
ravastanne
ravoistanne
illative
rapaanne
rapoihinne
adessive
ravallanne
ravoillanne
ablative
ravaltanne
ravoiltanne
allative
ravallenne
ravoillenne
essive
rapananne
rapoinanne
translative
ravaksenne
ravoiksenne
abessive
ravattanne
ravoittanne
instructive
comitative
—rapoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapansa
rapansa
accusative
nom.
rapansa
rapansa
gen.
rapansa
genitive
rapansa
rapojensa rapainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaansa
rapojaan rapojansa
inessive
ravassaan ravassansa
ravoissaan ravoissansa
elative
ravastaan ravastansa
ravoistaan ravoistansa
illative
rapaansa
rapoihinsa
adessive
ravallaan ravallansa
ravoillaan ravoillansa
ablative
ravaltaan ravaltansa
ravoiltaan ravoiltansa
allative
ravalleen ravallensa
ravoilleen ravoillensa
essive
rapanaan rapanansa
rapoinaan rapoinansa
translative
ravakseen ravaksensa
ravoikseen ravoiksensa
abessive
ravattaan ravattansa
ravoittaan ravoittansa
instructive
comitative
—rapoineen rapoinensa :

##### Derived terms

* rapainen (“dirty, muddy”)
* rapakko (“puddle; the Atlantic Ocean”)
* rapauttaa
* rapautua
* ravata
* rapajuoppo
* rapakeli
* rapakivi
* rapakunto
* rapakuntoinen
* rapalätäkkö
* rapavelli

#### Further reading

* “1. rapa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *rapa (“dregs”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *drabaz. Cognates include Estonian raba, Karelian rapa, Livonian rabād, Veps raba and Votic rapa.

#### Noun

rapa
* dregs, draff (settled sediment of alcoholic fermented drinks, such as beer)
    Synonyms: mäski, sakka

##### Declension

Possessive forms of rapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapani
rapani
accusative
nom.
rapani
rapani
gen.
rapani
genitive
rapani
rapojeni rapaini $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaani
rapojani
inessive
ravassani
ravoissani
elative
ravastani
ravoistani
illative
rapaani
rapoihini
adessive
ravallani
ravoillani
ablative
ravaltani
ravoiltani
allative
ravalleni
ravoilleni
essive
rapanani
rapoinani
translative
ravakseni
ravoikseni
abessive
ravattani
ravoittani
instructive
comitative
—rapoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapasi
rapasi
accusative
nom.
rapasi
rapasi
gen.
rapasi
genitive
rapasi
rapojesi rapaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaasi
rapojasi
inessive
ravassasi
ravoissasi
elative
ravastasi
ravoistasi
illative
rapaasi
rapoihisi
adessive
ravallasi
ravoillasi
ablative
ravaltasi
ravoiltasi
allative
ravallesi
ravoillesi
essive
rapanasi
rapoinasi
translative
ravaksesi
ravoiksesi
abessive
ravattasi
ravoittasi
instructive
comitative
—rapoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapamme
rapamme
accusative
nom.
rapamme
rapamme
gen.
rapamme
genitive
rapamme
rapojemme rapaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaamme
rapojamme
inessive
ravassamme
ravoissamme
elative
ravastamme
ravoistamme
illative
rapaamme
rapoihimme
adessive
ravallamme
ravoillamme
ablative
ravaltamme
ravoiltamme
allative
ravallemme
ravoillemme
essive
rapanamme
rapoinamme
translative
ravaksemme
ravoiksemme
abessive
ravattamme
ravoittamme
instructive
comitative
—rapoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapanne
rapanne
accusative
nom.
rapanne
rapanne
gen.
rapanne
genitive
rapanne
rapojenne rapainne $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaanne
rapojanne
inessive
ravassanne
ravoissanne
elative
ravastanne
ravoistanne
illative
rapaanne
rapoihinne
adessive
ravallanne
ravoillanne
ablative
ravaltanne
ravoiltanne
allative
ravallenne
ravoillenne
essive
rapananne
rapoinanne
translative
ravaksenne
ravoiksenne
abessive
ravattanne
ravoittanne
instructive
comitative
—rapoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rapansa
rapansa
accusative
nom.
rapansa
rapansa
gen.
rapansa
genitive
rapansa
rapojensa rapainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
rapaansa
rapojaan rapojansa
inessive
ravassaan ravassansa
ravoissaan ravoissansa
elative
ravastaan ravastansa
ravoistaan ravoistansa
illative
rapaansa
rapoihinsa
adessive
ravallaan ravallansa
ravoillaan ravoillansa
ablative
ravaltaan ravaltansa
ravoiltaan ravoiltansa
allative
ravalleen ravallensa
ravoilleen ravoillensa
essive
rapanaan rapanansa
rapoinaan rapoinansa
translative
ravakseen ravaksensa
ravoikseen ravoiksensa
abessive
ravattaan ravattansa
ravoittaan ravoittansa
instructive
comitative
—rapoineen rapoinensa :

##### Derived terms

* rapakalja
* rapamaha

#### Further reading

* “2. rapa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Anagrams

* arpa, para

## Galician
### Etymology 1

Back-formation of rapar.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrapɐ]

#### Noun

rapa f (plural rapas)
* strickle, levelling rod
    Synonym: rebola
    Da rapa á rebola veña o Demo e escolla (proverb)small choice in rotten apples(literally, “In between the strickle and the screed, let the demon choose”)
* shear (the act of shearing)
* spatula, scraper
    Synonym: espadela
* tool for detaching mussels and barnacles from the rocks

##### Derived terms

* rapa das bestas

##### Related terms

* rapar

#### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “rapa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “rapa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “rapa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rapa
* inflection of rapar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rapa. Cognates include Finnish rapa and Estonian raba.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑpɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑb̥ɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
* Hyphenation: ra‧pa

### Noun

rapa
* dregs (settled sediment of beer or similar alcoholic beverages)

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 460

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈra.pa/
* Rhymes: -apa
* Hyphenation: rà‧pa

### Etymology 1

From Latin rāpa, neuter plural of rāpum, reinterpreted as a feminine singular. Compare French rave, Venetan rava.

#### Noun

rapa f (plural rape)
* turnip
    Carote e rape sono radici commestibili.Carrots and turnips are edible roots.

##### Derived terms

* cima di rapa (“turnip greens”)
* sedano rapa (“celeriac”)

##### Related terms

* rapaio
* rapaiola
* rapanello
* rapare

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rapa
* inflection of rapare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* apar, apra, arpa, para, para-, parà

## Latin
### Noun

rāpa f (genitive rāpae); first declension
* Alternative form of rāpum

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

### Noun

rāpa
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of rāpum

### References

* “rapa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "rapa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* rapa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* rapet
* rapte (simple past)
* rapt (past participle)

### Verb

rapa
* inflection of rape:
** simple past
** past participle

## Old English
### Noun

rāpa
* genitive plural of rāp

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈra.pa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -apa
* Syllabification: ra‧pa
* Homophone: Rapa

### Etymology 1

Perhaps borrowed from German Rapfen. Doublet of rap.

#### Noun

rapa f
* asp (Aspius aspius, syn. Leuciscus aspius)
    Synonyms: boleń, boleń pospolity, chwat, rap

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

rapa m animal
* genitive/accusative singular of rap

### Further reading

* rapa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rapa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁa.pɐ/ [ˈha.pɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁa.pɐ/ [ˈha.pɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁa.pɐ/ [ˈχa.pɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁa.pa/ [ˈha.pa]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁa.pɐ/
* Rhymes: -apɐ

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rapa m or f by sense (plural rapas)
* (slang, São Paulo) a figure of authority who confiscates merchandise from street vendors

##### See also

* camelô

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rapa
* inflection of rapar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Rarotongan
### Noun

rapa
* lightning

## Sicilian
### Etymology

From Latin rāpa, neuter plural of rāpum. Compare Italian rapa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rˈra.pa/
* Hyphenation: rà‧pa

### Noun

rapa f (plural rapi)
* turnip

### References

* Traina, Antonino (1868) “rapa”, in Nuovo vocabolario Siciliano-Italiano [New Sicilian-Italian vocabulary] (in Italian), Liber Liber, published 2020, pages 3350–3351

## Spanish
### Verb

rapa
* inflection of rapar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from English rapper.

### Noun

rapa class V (plural marapa class VI)
* rapper

## Swedish
### Etymology

Imitative. Cognate with Icelandic ropa.

### Verb

rapa (present rapar, preterite rapade, supine rapat, imperative rapa)
* to burp, to belch

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Related terms

* rap

### References

* rapa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* rapa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* apar, para

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rapa.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑpɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
* Hyphenation: ra‧pa

### Noun

rapa
* (usually in the plural) dregs

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “rapa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn