# 造反
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zàofǎn
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ ㄈㄢˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зофан (zofan, III-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zou$^6$ faan$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chho-fán
    (Hailu, HRS): co$^˖$ fan$^ˊ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cor$^4$ huang$^3$ / cor$^4$ huong$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chǒ-hoán / chō-hoán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zao$^6$ huêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zau-fe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàofǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ ㄈㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàofǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tsao$^4$-fan$^3$
*** Yale: dzàu-fǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzawfaan
*** Palladius: цзаофань (czaofanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зофан (zofan, III-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔ⁴⁴ fæ̃⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^6$ faan$^2$
*** Yale: jouh fáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^6$ faan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^6$ fan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯²² faːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho-fán
*** Hakka Romanization System: co fan$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^4$ fan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵ fan³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^˖$ fan$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³³ fan²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cor$^4$ huang$^3$ [Phonetic: cor$^1$ uang$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cho̤̍-huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$uaŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cor$^4$ huong$^3$ [Phonetic: cor$^1$ uong$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$uoŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ-hoán
*** Tâi-lô: tsǒ-huán
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²² huan⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō-hoán
*** Tâi-lô: tsō-huán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoixhoarn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ huan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³⁻¹¹ huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ huan⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zao$^6$ huêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsău huéng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau³⁵⁻¹¹ hueŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zau-fe
*** MiniDict: zau$^去$ fe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zau-fe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɔ²² fe⁴⁴/

### Verb

造⫽反 (verb-object)
* to rebel; to rise up in rebellion; to revolt
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Chén děng tèlái bàochóu, fēi gǎn zàofǎn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 《文明小史》第三七回
    Yībān gè yǒu zhíyè, nà yǒu gōngfū zàofǎn? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 1967 January 11, 《向毛主席致敬电》, in 《西藏日报》, issue 3403, page 1
    Zài Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng zhōng, wéi yīxiǎocuō zhíxíng zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn de rén suǒ bǎchí de “XīZàng Rìbào” bùdàn méiyǒu guànchè nín de zhǐshì, xiàngfǎn dǐzhì nín de zhǐshì, zhōngshí dì wèi zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn fúwù, suǒyǐ wǒmen zào le qūdǎngwěi yīxiǎocuō jiānchí zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn zhě de fǎn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to muck about; to run wild; to horse around
       Lǎoshī bùzài, nǐmen jiù zàofǎn la! [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (to rebel):
* 亂逆 / 乱逆 (luànnì) (literary)
* 兵變 / 兵变 (bīngbiàn) (to mutiny)
* 動亂 / 动乱 (dòngluàn)
* 反亂 / 反乱 (fǎnluàn)
* 反叛 (fǎnpàn)
* 反天 (fǎntiān) (literary)
* 反抗 (fǎnkàng)
* 反水 (fǎnshuǐ) (dialectal)
* 叛亂 / 叛乱 (pànluàn)
* 叛變 / 叛变 (pànbiàn)
* 嘩變 / 哗变 (huábiàn) (to mutiny)
* 悖亂 / 悖乱 (bèiluàn) (literary)
* 暴亂 / 暴乱 (bàoluàn)
* 暴動 / 暴动 (bàodòng)
* 暴獄 / 暴狱 (bàoyù) (of prisoners)
* 發難 / 发难 (fānàn)
* 舉事 / 举事 (jǔshì) (literary, euphemism)
* 舉義 / 举义 (jǔyì) (literary)
* 起事 (qǐshì)
* 起兵 (qǐbīng)
* 起手 (qǐshǒu)
* 起義 / 起义 (qǐyì)
* 逆亂 / 逆乱 (nìluàn) (literary)
* 首義 / 首义 (shǒuyì) (literary, to be the first to stage an uprising)
* (to muck about):
* 亂它 / 乱它 (lonn$^5$ do$^2$) (Xiang)
* 亂彈琴 / 乱弹琴 (luàn tánqín) (figurative)
* 亂鬧 / 乱闹 (luànnào)
* 作孽 (Hokkien)
* 作怪 (zuòguài)
* 使壞 / 使坏 (shǐhuài)
* 倒蛋
* 做孽 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 做手腳 / 做手脚 (zuò shǒujiǎo)
* 卵彈琴 / 卵弹琴 (lonn$^3$ dan$^2$ qin$^2$) (Xiang)
* 惹事 (rěshì)
* 搗亂 / 捣乱 (dǎoluàn)
* 搶事 / 抢事 (Hokkien)
* 搞事 (gǎoshì)
* 搗蛋 / 捣蛋 (dǎodàn)
* 搗鬼 / 捣鬼 (dǎoguǐ)
* 搞鬼 (gǎoguǐ)
* 撩事 (liàu-dī) (Northern Min)
* 滋事 (zīshì)
* 滋擾 / 滋扰 (zīrǎo)
* 玩鬧 / 玩闹 (wánnào)
* 生事 (shēngshì)
* 生氣 / 生气 (siⁿ-khùi) (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 生空 (Hokkien)
* 生空生榫 (Hokkien)
* 生空生縫 / 生空生缝 (Hokkien)
* 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
* 耍手腕 (shuǎ shǒuwàn)
* 胡來 / 胡来 (húlái)
* 胡攪 / 胡搅 (hújiǎo)
* 胡鬧 / 胡闹 (húnào)
* 舞射 (Hakka)
* 變精 / 变精 (Jinjiang Hokkien)
* 變鬼 / 变鬼 (Hokkien)
* 變魍 / 变魍 (Hokkien)
* 起事 (Hokkien)
* 起空 (Hokkien)
* 起鬨 / 起哄 (qǐhòng)
* 鬧事 / 闹事 (nàoshì)

#### Derived terms

* 秀才造反
* 秀才造反，三年不成 (xiùcái zàofǎn, sānnián bùchéng)
* 造反派 (Zàofǎn pài)
* 造反者 (zàofǎnzhě)

### Adjective

造反
* (Wu) many; a lot

#### Synonyms

* 一系列 (yīxìliè)
* 不少 (bùshǎo)
* 不老少 (bùlǎoshǎo) (colloquial)
* 儦儦 (biāobiāo) (literary)
* 千千 (qiānqiān) (literary)
* 千百 (qiānbǎi) (literary)
* 好些 (hǎoxiē)
* 好多 (hǎoduō)
* 孔多 (kǒngduō) (literary)
* 幾多 / 几多 (gei$^2$ do$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 廣 / 广 (literary, or in compounds)
* 廣大 / 广大 (guǎngdà) (of people)
* 延延 (yányán) (literary)
* 很多 (hěnduō)
* 𣍐少 / 𫧃少 (Hokkien)
* 浩瀚 (hàohàn)
* 浩繁 (hàofán)
* 百
* 眾多 / 众多 (zhòngduō)
* 繁多 (fánduō)
* 萌生 (méngshēng) (literary)
* 許多 / 许多 (xǔduō)
* 諸多 / 诸多 (zhūduō)
* 颮颮 / 飑飑 (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 許多, 甚多 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老些, 老些個 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很多, 好多, 滿多, 許多 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好多 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好多 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好多 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋多 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當多, 盡多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當多, 盡多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 真多, 足多 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野濟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡濟, 蓋濟, 足濟, 有夠濟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠濟, 足濟, 誠濟, 盡濟 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠濟, 蓋濟, 足濟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野濟, 真濟 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 好濟 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老多, 交關, 交關多, 造反, 行情, 介許多 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 造反 |

### References

* “造反”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.