# strive
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɹaɪv/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪv

### Etymology 1

From Middle English striven (“to strive”), from Old French estriver (“to compete, quarrel”), from Frankish *strīban (“to exert, make an effort”) from Proto-Germanic *strībaną, or from Frankish *stribēn (“to strive”) from Proto-Germanic *stribāną.
As this verb is conjugated as if it were a strong verb (like drive, ride, and write), it's possible this word may instead be inherited from an unattested Old English *strīfan or *strifian, which would itself also be inherited from Proto-Germanic *strībaną.

#### Verb

strive (third-person singular simple present strives, present participle striving, simple past strove or strived, past participle striven or strived or (nonstandard, colloquial) strove)
* To try to achieve a result; to make strenuous effort; to try earnestly and persistently.
    He strove to excel.
    We strive for the truth.
** 1946 May and June, J. Alan Rannie, “The Midland of 35 Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine, page 200:Though the writer has striven to dwell on aspects that have passed, or are passing away, it will be apparent that many features of Midland practice have been adopted as standard for the L.M.S.R. and other railways.
** 2021 January 13, Christian Wolmar, “Read all about London's Cathedrals of Steam”, in RAIL, number 922, page 62:Moreover, on several occasions, terminus stations such as Nine Elms, Bishop's Bridge, Maiden Lane and Bishopgate were built rather further away from the centre of London, only to be dispensed with as the various railway companies strove to get as near as possible to the lucrative markets of the City and the West End.
* To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest.
    to strive against fate
** 1668, John Denham, “On the Earl of Strafford’s Tryal and Death”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, 4th edition, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], →OCLC:Now private pity strove with public hate, / Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate.
** 1906, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], Time and the Gods‎, London: William Heineman, →OCLC, page 7:We have met this new thing that has come upon the earth and have striven against its armies, but could not drive them forth; and the new thing is beautiful but very angry, and is creeping towards the gods.
* To vie; to compete as a rival.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:[Not] that sweet grove Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired Castalian spring, might with this paradise Of Eden strive.

##### Usage notes

* This often occurs as a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs
* The strong or irregular forms "strove" and "striven" are more commonly used in print than "strived".

##### Synonyms

* put/keep/&c. one's nose to the grindstone, put one's back into, give 110%, break one's back, work hard, apply oneself, put one's shoulder to the wheel

##### Derived terms

* do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope
* striver

##### Related terms

* strife

##### Translations

American Sign Language: S@NearInsideChesthigh-PalmAcross-S@NearInsideChesthigh-PalmAcross S@InsideChesthigh-PalmDown-S@InsideChesthigh-PalmDown
Arabic: كَافَحَ (ar) (kāfaḥa), اِجْتَهَدَ (ijtahada), نَاضَلَ (nāḍala), حَرَصَ (ḥaraṣa), جَدَّ (ar) (jadda), جَاهَدَ (jāhada)
Belarusian: імкну́цца impf (imknúcca), пра́гнуць impf (práhnucʹ), рва́цца impf (rvácca), стара́цца impf (starácca), намага́цца impf (namahácca), дбаць impf (dbacʹ)
Bulgarian: стремя́ се impf (stremjá se), старая се (staraja se)
Catalan: júnyer (ca), bregar (ca), esforçar-se, afanyar-se, procurar (ca), maldar (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 努力 (zh) (nǔlì), 奮鬥 / 奋斗 (zh) (fèndòu), 殫力 / 殚力 (zh) (dānlì), 力圖 / 力图 (zh) (lìtú), 掙 / 挣 (zh) (zhèng)
Czech: usilovat (cs) impf, snažit se (cs) impf
Danish: stræbe efter, hige efter, arbejde med stor anstrengelse
Dutch: streven (nl)
Egyptian: (pzz), (ḏnn), (mšp)
Esperanto: strebi (eo)
Finnish: pyrkiä (fi), ponnistella (fi), yrittää (fi), tehdä hartiavoimin töitä, urakoida (fi), raataa (fi)
French: s’efforcer (fr), s’appliquer (fr)
Georgian: სწრაფვა (sc̣rapva), მცდელობა (mcdeloba), ცდა (cda), ბრძოლა (brʒola)
German: streben (de), sich bemühen (de), sich anstrengen (de), ringen um, sich einsetzen für
Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arbaidjan), 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (sniwan)
Greek:
Ancient: ἀγονίζομαι (agonízomai)
Hindi: प्रयास करना (prayās karnā), उद्यम करना (udyam karnā)
Icelandic: leggja sig fram (leggja sig fram)
Ido: esforcar (io), luctar, penar (io)
Indonesian: berjuang, memperjuangkan, bersusah payah
Irish: bí ag dréim
Old Irish: ad·cosnai (to strive after)
Italian: sforzarsi (it), cercare (it), ambire (it), arrabattarsi, ingegnarsi (it), adoperarsi (it), impegnarsi (it), dare il massimo
Japanese: 努力する (ja) (どりょくする, doryoku suru), 闘う (ja) (たたかう, tatakau), 努める (ja) (つとめる, tsutomeru), 奮闘する (ja) (ふんとうする, funtō suru)
Kazakh: тырысу (tyrysu)
Khiamniungan Naga: āngtsō
Korean: 노력하다 (ko) (noryeokhada), 애쓰다 (ko) (aesseuda)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: تێکۆشان (têkoşan)
Latin: mōlior, nītor (la), appeto (la)
Lü: ᦀᦸᧅᧈᦶᦣᧂ (˙ʼoak¹haeng)
Macedonian: се стреми impf (se stremi)
Maori: oke, nanaiore, ngaki (mi)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: зүтгэх (mn) (zütgex)
Mongolian: ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠬᠦ (ǰidkükü)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: streve (no)
Occitan: s'esforçar, s'esperforçar, luchar (oc)
Persian: کوشش کردن (fa) (kôšeš kardan), تلاش کردن (fa) (talâš kardan)
Polish: dążyć (pl) impf, starać się (pl) impf, pragnąć (pl) impf, usiłować (pl) impf, przykładać się (pl)
Portuguese: esforçar-se, batalhar (pt), aplicar-se
Russian: стреми́ться (ru) impf (stremítʹsja), стара́ться (ru) impf (starátʹsja), боро́ться (ru) impf (borótʹsja), прилага́ть уси́лия (ru) impf (prilagátʹ usílija), закатать рукава (zakatatʹ rukava)
Sanskrit: लषति (sa) (laṣati)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: те́жити impf
Roman: téžiti (sh) impf
Shan: ၶတ်းၸႂ် (shn) (khát tsǎue)
Slovak: snažiť sa impf, usilovať sa impf
Slovene: stremeti impf, prizadevati si impf
Spanish: esforzarse por, afanarse (es), aplicarse (es), romperse el lomo, deslomarse (es), luchar por, echarle ganas (es), denodarse (es), empeñarse (es), azacanarse (es), azacanear (es), afanar (es), pugnar (es), procurar (es), pretender (es), esmerarse (es)
Swedish: sträva (sv), anstränga (sv) (sig), ge 110%, ge järnet (sv)
Tajik: кӯшиш кардан (küšiš kardan)
Telugu: కష్టించు (kaṣṭiñcu), కృషి చేయు (kr̥ṣi cēyu)
Thai: พยายาม (th) (pá-yaa-yaam), เพียร (th) (piian), บากบั่น (th) (bàak-bàn)
Tocharian B: lāl-
Ukrainian: пра́гнути impf (práhnuty), рва́тися impf (rvátysja), стара́тися impf (starátysja), намага́тися impf (namahátysja), силува́тися impf (syluvátysja), дба́ти (uk) impf (dbáty)
Vietnamese: cố gắng (vi)
Zhuang: roengzrengz, haenqrengz :

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

strive (plural strives)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of strife

### Further reading

* “strive”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “strive”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Rivets, Stiver, rivest, rivets, stiver, tivers, verist