# 占

| 占 | U+5360, &#21344; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5360 |
| ← 卟 [U+535F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 卡 → [U+5361] |

## Translingual
### Han character

占 (Kangxi radical 25, 卜+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜口 (YR), four-corner 2160$_0$, composition ⿱⺊口)

#### Derived characters

* 點(点, 奌), 店, 佔, 𢓕, 沾, 笘, 苫, 坫, 战, 粘, 砧, 拈, 毡, 鉆(钻), 玷, 貼(贴), 黏, 阽, 帖, 扂, 颭(飐), 鮎(鲇), 𡱇, 痁, 𨱬, 㚲, 趈, 迠, 炶, 煔, 枮
* left:
乩, 战, 敁, 覘, 觇, 頕, 㓠, 㣌, 𡖡, 𢧗, 𤿝
* right:
佔, 呫, 坫, 嚸, 岾, 帖, 怗, 拈, 枮, 沾, 炶, 煔, 玷, 砧, 秥, 站, 粘, 胋, 蛅, 袩, 詀, 貼, 贴, 跕, 酟, 鉆, 钻, 阽, 鮎, 鲇, 鹵, 黇, 黏, 點, 㚲, 䀡, 䍄, 䩇, 䩞, 䪓, 䬯, 䴴, 𠕟, 𠸞, 𡖞, 𡖵, 𢓕, 𣩚, 𤘇, 𤝓, 𥿕, 𦕒, 𧮪, 𧲸, 𨱬, 𪉜, 𪎋, 𪕐, 𪖚
* above:
奌, 点, 㤐, 𠛤, 𠧳, 𠧹
* below:
笘, 苫, 䵿, 𦒻, 𦒾, 𩬑
* outside:
卣, 卤, 卥, 𠧚, 𠧧, 𠧪, 𠧸
* inside:
扂, 店, 䦓, 毡, 痁, 趈, 迠, 颭, 飐, 𡱇
* other:
梷, 檆, 蒧, 㸃, 㼭, 𠖣, 𠚝, 𠧱, 𠧴, 𠧵, 𠧷, 𠧺, 𠧾, 𠵑, 𠶧, 𡅴, 𡅾, 𡌐, 𡌽, 𡙏, 𢒦, 𢜋, 𢨟, 𢮸, 𢰷, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀, 𣗴, 𣷀, 𣸾, 𣿤, 𤉽, 𤋒, 𤋧, 𤑰, 𤭥, 𥇞, 𥭔, 𥮒, 𥮠, 𥯎, 𥱱, 𥷠, 𥺦, 𦁦, 𦝿, 𦷙, 𧆗, 𧍈, 𧨼, 𨃊, 𩃅, 𩄷, 𩌓, 𩲦, 𩳨, 𪐇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2780
* Dae Jaweon: page 361, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 92, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5360

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 占 :
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 卜 (“divination”) + 口 (“mouth”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zim$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiam
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam$^1$ / ziang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zim$^1$
*** Yale: jīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ciang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
*** Tâi-lô: tsiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziam$^1$ / ziang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiam / tsiang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siam³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyem
Rime :
| Character | 占 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職廉切 |
| Baxter | tsyem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciam/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tem/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljem/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 占 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyem › |
| Old Chinese | /*tem/ |
| English | prognosticate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 占 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16706 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 詹 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔljem/ |

#### Definitions

占
* to divine; to foretell
* (obsolete) to watch or to peep
* Variant pronunciation of sense "to recount orally" below
* (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) cent
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 仙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 分 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 分 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 分 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 分 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 分 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 分 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 分 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 分 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 仙, 仙士 dated |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 分, 仙 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 分 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 分 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 分 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 分 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 分 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 分 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 占, 分 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 占 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 占 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 仙 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鐳, sen |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 占 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 仙 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 分 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 占 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 占 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 分 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 分 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 分 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 分 |

##### Compounds

* 占人
* 占候
* 占卜 (zhānbǔ)
* 占卦 (zhānguà)
* 占夢
* 占射
* 占房
* 占斷占拜
* 占星 (zhānxīng)
* 占星術 (zhānxīngshù)
* 占筮 (zhānshì)
* 占親
* 占課
* 占身
* 占風使帆
* 占驗
* 占鳳
* 吉占
* 早占勿藥
* 陰占
* 鳳占

#### References

* “占”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zim$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiàm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam$^3$ / ziang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$
*** Yale: jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zim$^3$
*** Yale: jim
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzim$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːm³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieng$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cia̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàm
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziam$^3$ / ziang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàm / tsiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siam²¹³/, /t͡siaŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyemH
Rime :
| Character | 占 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 章豔切 |
| Baxter | tsyemH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zim$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjems/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 占 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16709 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 占 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjems/ |

#### Definitions

占
* to recount orally

#### Usage notes

Sources vary in the pronunciation of sense "to recount orally". Zhengzitong recorded a level tone, yet Zihui recorded a departing tone.
The standard Mandarin pronunciation is zhàn in Mainland China and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English jam.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zim$^1$ / zem$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zim$^1$ / zem$^1$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzim$^1$ / dzem$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jim$^1$ / zém$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːm⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːm⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

占
* (Cantonese) jam (type of fruit preserve)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 果醬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 果醬, 果占 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 果醬, 果占, 占 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 果醬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 苒 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 果醬 |

#### Compounds

* 果占

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 占 – see 佔 (“to occupy; to possess; to whisper; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 佔).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### Compounds

* 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
* 侵占罪
* 包占
* 占上
* 占上游
* 占上風 (zhàn shàngfēng)
* 占地 (zhàndì)
* 占地步
* 占地盤
* 占場兒 / 占场儿
* 占強
* 占房
* 占據 (zhànjù)
* 占斷
* 占有 (zhànyǒu)
* 占有權
* 占為己有
* 占用 (zhànyòng)
* 占花魁
* 占課
* 占領 (zhànlǐng)
* 占頭籌 / 占头筹
* 占鰲頭 / 占鳌头
* 口占
* 寡占 (guǎzhàn)
* 強占 (qiángzhàn)
* 影占
* 拜占庭 (Bàizhàntíng)
* 搶占 (qiǎngzhàn)
* 攻占 (gōngzhàn)
* 標占
* 獨占 (dúzhàn)
* 獨占花魁
* 獨占資本 / 独占资本
* 獨占鰲頭 / 独占鳌头 (dúzhàn'áotóu)
* 獨占鼇頭 / 独占鳌头
* 稍占上風
* 竊占
* 竊占罪
* 聯合獨占 / 联合独占
* 進占 (jìnzhàn)
* 陰占
* 霸占 (bàzhàn)
* 鰲頭獨占 / 鳌头独占
* 鳩占鵲巢 / 鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)
* 鵲巢鳩占 / 鹊巢鸠占 (quècháojiūzhàn)
* 鼇頭獨占 / 鳌头独占

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
* Kun: しめる (shimeru, 占める, Jōyō)、うらなう (uranau, 占う, Jōyō)、うら (ura, 占)

#### Compounds

* 占(せん)卜(ぼく) (senboku): augury, divination, fortune-telling
* 卜(ぼく)占(せん) (bokusen): augury, divination, fortune-telling
* 複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen): duopoly

### Noun

* Kanji in this term
* 占
* うら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 卜
占(うら) • (ura)
* (archaic) fortune-telling

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyemH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 졈〮 (Yale: cyém) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
* Phonetic hangul: [점]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 占 (eumhun 차지할 점 (chajihal jeom))
* hanja form of 점 (“to hold; to occupy”)

#### Compounds

* 독점 (獨占, dokjeom)
* 매점 (買占, maejeom)
* 점거 (占據, jeomgeo)
* 점득 (占得, jeomdeuk)
* 점령 (占領, jeomnyeong)
* 점유 (占有, jeomyu)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyem).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (Yale: cyem) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem)$^訓$ (Yale: cyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem)$^訓$ (Yale: cyem) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
* Phonetic hangul: [점]

#### Hanja

占 (eumhun 점칠 점 (jeomchil jeom))
* hanja form of 점 (“to augur; to divine”)

#### Compounds

* 신점 (神占, sinjeom, “divination”)
* 점괘 (占卦, jeomgwae)
* 점서 (占書, jeomseo)
* 점서 (占筮, jeomseo)
* 점성술 (占星術, jeomseongsul)
* 점술 (占術, jeomsul)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

占: Hán Nôm readings: Chiêm, chăm, chàm, chễm, chím, chiếm, giếm, chầm, chằm, chem, coi, xem
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.