OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# filefish
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

From file +‎ fish.

### Noun

filefish (countable and uncountable, plural filefishes or filefish)
* Any fish of the family Monacanthidae, with very slender bodies.

#### Synonyms

* foolfish

#### Derived terms

* orange filefish (Aluterus schoepfii)
* scrawled filefish

### References

* Monacanthidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Monacanthidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Monacanthidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Anagrams

* fishlife
# Kwekwe
## Shona
### Proper noun

Kwékwé
* Kwekwe (a city in Zimbabwe)
# kwe
## Anguthimri
### Noun

kwe
* (Mpakwithi) foot

### References

* Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 186

## Dogrib
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tseˑ, from Proto-Na-Dene *caj.

### Noun

kwe
* stone, rock

## Eastern Ojibwa
### Etymology

cf. Ojibwe ikwe

### Noun

kwe
* woman

### References

Jerry Randolph Valentine (2001) Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, University of Toronto, page 105

## Hadza
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʷe/

### Verb

kwe (ditransitive)
* to give

#### Usage notes

The vowel of the root is assumed, as it is always replaced by the direct object suffix e or i.

## Japanese
### Romanization

kwe
* The katakana syllable クェ (kwe) in Hepburn-like romanization.
* (archaic) Rōmaji transcription of くゑ

## Kamasa
### Alternative forms

* kwe('ma)

### Noun

kwe
* water

### References

* Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67

## Ottawa
### Etymology

cf. Ojibwe ikwe

### Noun

kwe anim
* woman

### References

Jerry Randolph Valentine (2001) Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, University of Toronto, page 105
# sidekick
## English
### Etymology

From side +‎ kick, which in the late 19th and early 20th century was a slang term for the front side pocket of a pair of trousers, known as the pocket safest from theft. Thus, by analogy, a "side-kick" was a person's closest companion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaɪdkɪk/

### Noun

sidekick (plural sidekicks)
* (informal) An assistant to another person, especially to a superior or more important person.
** 2012 May 24, Nathan Rabin, “Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club‎:In the abstract, Stuhlbarg’s twinkly-eyed sidekick suggests Joe Pesci in Lethal Weapon 2 by way of late-period Robin Williams with an alien twist, but Stuhlbarg makes a character that easily could have come across as precious into a surprisingly palatable, even charming man.
** 2021 February 2, Katharine Murphy, The Guardian‎:If representation and recruitment is an objective, self-styled mavericks like Kelly and his Queensland sidekick George Christensen have some utility.
** 2024 November 14, Linda Feldmann, Henry Gass, “Trump’s eye-popping Cabinet picks show his top priority: Loyalty”, in The Christian Science Monitor:Elon Musk, Mr. Trump’s new sidekick, shared on his social media platform X an NBC News video of Pennsylvania Democratic Sen. John Fetterman, who suggested the Gaetz pick was a strategic move to upset Democrats.
* (authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre, etc., a good foil of the protagonist, a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character.
** 2023 October 29, Zoe Williams, “‘An ironic, self-deprecating metrosexual’: how Matthew Perry captured the spirit of the age”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:So even though he had – no question – the best lines in Friends, he was never what he would have been in an earlier era: the sidekick.

#### Synonyms

* acolyte
* deuteragonist
* pupil
* wingman

#### Antonyms

* mentor

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Adams, Cecil. "What's the origin of 'side kick'?" The Straight Dope (April 19, 1976).
* ↑ Morris, Evan. Word Detective (December 20, 1999).
# kwɛ
## Ghomala'
### Pronunciation

Rhymes: -wɛ

### Noun

kwɛ class 3 singular of mkwɛ class 4
* game, amusement, joke
    Pə̂ŋkʉ̌ wə́ ma' kwɛ cwə̀pùŋ. ― The children are indulging in a bad game.

### Adverb

kwɛ
* lightly
    Synonym: wák
    Ô də é nə́ ma' kwɛ. ― You are taking this lightly.

### See also

* kwí
* kwínyə́
* kwítə́

### References

* Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)

## Soo
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Kuliak *kywɛh. Cognate with Nyang'i kwe, kwi and Ik cue.

### Noun

kwɛ
* water

### References

* Roger Blench, A dictionary of So, a Nilo-Saharan language of NE Uganda (2010), page 27
# kwe'
## Potawatomi
### Etymology

From Proto-Algonquian *eθkwe·wa (“(young) woman”).

### Noun

kwe'
* woman
# विवेक
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विवेक (viveka). Cognates with Bengali বিবেক (bibek).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɪ.ʋeːk/

### Noun

विवेक • (vivek) m
* conscience, sense (the ability to discern the propriety of a decision)

#### Declension
### Proper noun

विवेक • (vivek) m
* a male given name, Vivek, from Sanskrit

#### Declension
### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “विवेक”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* viveka (Latin script)
* 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* ৰিৰেক (Bengali script)
* විවෙක (Sinhalese script)
* ဝိဝေက or ဝိဝေၵ (Burmese script)
* วิเวก or วิเวกะ (Thai script)
* ᩅᩥᩅᩮᨠ (Tai Tham script)
* ວິເວກ or ວິເວກະ (Lao script)
* វិវេក (Khmer script)
* 𑅇𑄨𑅇𑄬𑄇 (Chakma script)

### Noun

विवेक m
* Devanagari script form of viveka (“detachment”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱিৱেক (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬶᬯᬾᬓ (Balinese script)
* বিবেক (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰰𑰪𑰸𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* ဝိဝေက (Burmese script)
* વિવેક (Gujarati script)
* ਵਿਵੇਕ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌿𑌵𑍇𑌕 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦶꦮꦺꦏ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂱𑂫𑂵𑂍 (Kaithi script)
* ವಿವೇಕ (Kannada script)
* វិវេក (Khmer script)
* ວິເວກ (Lao script)
* വിവേക (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᡳᠸᡝᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘱𑘪𑘹𑘎 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠢᠸᠧᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧒𑧊𑧚𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐾𑐎 (Newa script)
* ଵିଵେକ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢶꢮꢾꢒ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆴𑆮𑆼𑆑 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖰𑖪𑖸𑖎 (Siddham script)
* විවෙක (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩑𑩾𑩔𑩜 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚮𑚦𑚲𑚊 (Takri script)
* விவேக (Tamil script)
* వివేక (Telugu script)
* วิเวก (Thai script)
* ཝི་ཝེ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒱𑒫𑒹𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨁𑨭𑨄𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Reduplicated noun from the root विच् (vic, “to sift, discriminate”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋi.ʋɐj.kɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋi.ʋeː.kɐ/

### Noun

विवेक • (viveka) stem, m
* discrimination, discernment
* consideration, discussion
* distinction
* (Vedanta) the power of distinguishing between the visible world and the invisible spirit

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “विवेक”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VEC”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 576-7
# mdły
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* mgły (Poznań, Near Masovian)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mъdьlь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmdwɘ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /mdɫɨ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘ
* Syllabification: mdły

### Adjective

mdły (comparative bardziej mdły, superlative najbardziej mdły, derived adverb mdło)
* insipid, bland (lacking in taste or vigor)
    Synonym: blady
* dim, hazy, pale, unclear
    Synonyms: mglisty, niejasny, niewyraźny, tępy, zamglony
* (of smells and flavors) nauseating, nauseous, vomitrocious (causing a desire to vomit; disgusting or gross)
    Synonyms: ckliwy, mdlący
* (obsolete) physically weak
    Synonyms: omdlały, słaby

#### Derived terms

* mdłość
* mdleć

### Further reading

* mdły in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mdły in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# obierzesz
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔˈbjɛ.ʐɛʂ/
* Rhymes: -ɛʐɛʂ
* Syllabification: o‧bie‧rzesz

### Verb

obierzesz
* second-person singular future of obrać
# Lirak
## Albanian
### Etymology

From i lirë +‎ -ak.

### Proper noun

Lirak m (Kosovo)
* a male given name
# bon vivant
## English
### Alternative forms

* bon-vivant

### Etymology

Borrowed from French bon vivant (literally “one who lives well, good ‘liver’ (living person)”), from bon (“good”) + vivant (“person who is living”), agent noun of vivre (“to live”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˌbɑn vɪvˈɑnt/, /ˌbɑn viˈvɑnt/
* (UK) IPA: /ˌbɒ̃ viːˈvɒ̃/
* Rhymes: -ɒnt

### Noun

bon vivant (plural bon vivants or bons vivants)
* A man who enjoys luxurious things in life, especially good food and drink; a man about town.
    Synonyms: bon viveur, hedonist; see also Thesaurus:sensualist

#### Related terms

* joie de vivre
* bonne vivante (feminine form)

#### See also

* boulevardier
* dandy
* man about town

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔ̃ vi.vɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bon vivant m (plural bons vivants, feminine bonne vivante)
* a bon vivant, who enjoys the good things in life
    Synonym: (obsolete) bon viveur
    Antonym: mal-vivant

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French bon vivant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˌbɔ̃ viˈvã]
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Noun

bon vivant m pers
* (literary) bon vivant
    Synonym: bon viveur

#### Declension
### Further reading

* bon vivant in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bon vivant in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# штета
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъščeta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃtɛta]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛta

### Noun

штета • (šteta) f (relational adjective штетен)
* harm, damage
* pity

#### Declension
### Interjection

штета • (šteta)
* pity, what a shame, too bad

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъščeta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃtêta/
* Hyphenation: ште‧та

### Noun

ште̏та f (Latin spelling štȅta)
* damage, harm (abstract measure of something not being intact; harm)
* pity (something regrettable)
* waste (action or progress of wasting; extravagant consumption or ineffectual use)

#### Declension
### Interjection

штета
* too bad

### Further reading

* “штета”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# Owmby-by-Spital
## English
### Proper noun

Owmby-by-Spital
* A village and civil parish in West Lindsey district, Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref TF0087).

#### Usage notes

The civil parish was named just Owmby until it was renamed in 2018.

### References

* Parish map
# echinatum
## Latin
### Adjective

echinātum
* inflection of echinātus:
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
** accusative masculine singular
# gespyrian
## Old English
### Etymology

From ġe- +‎ spyrian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jeˈspyr.jɑn/, [jeˈspyrˠ.jɑn]

### Verb

ġespyrian
* to track, search, seek

#### Conjugation
### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ġespyrian”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# Alkmene
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /alkˈmeːnə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Alk‧me‧ne

### Proper noun

Alkmene f (proper noun, genitive Alkmene or (without the article) Alkmenes)
* (Greek mythology) Alcmene, mother of Heracles

#### Declension

$^1$Without the article.

### Further reading

* “Alkmene” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Alkmene” in Duden online
# sea devil
## English
### Noun

sea devil (plural sea devils)
* Any very large ray, especially any species of the genus Mobula (syns. Manta, Cephaloptera).
* Any large cephalopod.
* An angler fish of species Lophius piscatorius
* Fishes of family Ceratiidae.

#### Derived terms

* black sea devils (Melanocetidae spp.)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “sea devil”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* disleave
# ὠφελίμῳ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔː.pʰe.lí.mɔːi̯/ → /o.ɸeˈli.mo/ → /o.feˈli.mo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔː.pʰe.lí.mɔːi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /o.pʰeˈli.mo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /o.ɸeˈli.mo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /o.feˈli.mo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /o.feˈli.mo/

### Adjective

ὠφελῐ́μῳ • (ōphelĭ́mōi)
* masculine/feminine/neuter dative singular of ὠφέλῐμος (ōphélĭmos)
# ὠφέλιμον
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔː.pʰé.li.mon/ → /oˈɸe.li.mon/ → /oˈfe.li.mon/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔː.pʰé.li.mon/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /oˈpʰe.li.mon/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /oˈɸe.li.mon/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /oˈfe.li.mon/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /oˈfe.li.mon/

### Adjective

ὠφέλῐμον • (ōphélĭmon)
* inflection of ὠφέλῐμος (ōphélĭmos):
** neuter nominative/vocative singular
** masculine/feminine/neuter accusative singular
# ὠφελίμω
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔː.pʰe.lí.mɔː/ → /o.ɸeˈli.mo/ → /o.feˈli.mo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔː.pʰe.lí.mɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /o.pʰeˈli.mo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /o.ɸeˈli.mo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /o.feˈli.mo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /o.feˈli.mo/

### Adjective

ὠφελῐ́μω • (ōphelĭ́mō)
* masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/vocative dual of ὠφέλῐμος (ōphélĭmos)
# vencello
## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese vencello (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), derived from Latin vinculum (“tie, bond”), from vinciō (“bind, fetter, tie”) +‎ -ulum. Cognate with Portuguese vencelho.

#### Alternative forms

* brencello, mencello, moncello

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /benˈθeʎo̝/, (western) /benˈseʎo̝/

#### Noun

vencello m (plural vencellos)
* bind made of straw or reeds and used for tying bundles and sheaves
    Synonyms: atillo, atume, viorto
* twine used for binding
    Synonyms: baraza, brenza
* muzzle
    Synonyms: bozo, embozo, vetillo
* (literary) bond
    Synonym: vínculo
    Aínda que naceu fóra, ten un forte vencello con este país.Even though she was born afar, she has a strong bond with this country.

##### Derived terms

* desvencellar
* vencella
* vencellar
* vencelleira
* vínculo

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “vencello”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “vencello”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “vencello”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “vencello”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “vencello”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

vencello
* first-person singular present indicative of vencellar
# qǐngcí
## Mandarin
### Romanization

qǐngcí (Zhuyin ㄑㄧㄥˇ ㄘˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 請辭 / 请辞
# ὠφέλιμε
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔː.pʰé.li.me/ → /oˈɸe.li.me/ → /oˈfe.li.me/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔː.pʰé.li.me/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /oˈpʰe.li.me/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /oˈɸe.li.me/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /oˈfe.li.me/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /oˈfe.li.me/

### Adjective

ὠφέλῐμε • (ōphélĭme)
* masculine/feminine vocative singular of ὠφέλῐμος (ōphélĭmos)
# ὠφελίμῃ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔː.pʰe.lí.mɛːi̯/ → /o.ɸeˈli.mi/ → /o.feˈli.mi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔː.pʰe.lí.mɛːi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /o.pʰeˈli.me̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /o.ɸeˈli.mi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /o.feˈli.mi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /o.feˈli.mi/

### Adjective

ὠφελῐ́μῃ • (ōphelĭ́mēi)
* feminine dative singular of ὠφέλῐμος (ōphélĭmos)
# ὤρα
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ὤρη (ṓrē) — Ionic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *worā, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to note, sense”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̌ː.raː/ → /ˈo.ra/ → /ˈo.ra/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔ̌ː.raː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈo.ra/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.ra/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.ra/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.ra/

### Noun

ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension
* care, concern
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 385–386:Ἤδη γὰρ ἔσχες ἐλπίδ’ ὡς ἐμοῦ θεούς / ὤραν τιν’ ἔξειν, (...)Ḗdē gàr éskhes elpíd’ hōs emoû theoús / ṓran tin’ éxein, (...)Have you even now got hope that for me the gods / will have any concern, (...)

#### Derived terms

* Ὠρομέδων (Ōromédōn)

### Further reading

* “ὤρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὤρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ὤρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. attention idem, page 51.care idem, page 113.heed idem, page 394.
* ὤρα, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# mintinar
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English maintain +‎ -ar (correct Spanish is mantener). Maintain is altered to mintin to reflect a Cebuano pronunciation treating /e/ and /i/ as allophones.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: min‧ti‧nar
* IPA: /mintiˈnaɾ/ [mɪn̪.t̪ɪˈn̪aɾ̪]

### Verb

mintinár
* to maintain; to keep up; to preserve; to uphold a state, condition etc.
# Ὥρα
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ὥρᾱ (hṓrā, “hour”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɔ̌ː.raː/ → /ˈo.ra/ → /ˈo.ra/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hɔ̌ː.raː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.ra/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.ra/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.ra/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.ra/

### Proper noun

Ὥρᾱ • (Hṓrā) f (genitive Ὥρᾱς); first declension
* one of the Horae or Hours in Greek mythology; a Hora or Hour

#### Descendants

* English: Hour, Hora
* French: Heure
* Greek: Ώρα (Óra)
* Italian: Ora
* Latin: Hōra
* Portuguese: Hora
* Spanish: Hora

### References

* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,013
* Ὥρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# ὤρας
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̌ː.raːs/ → /ˈo.ras/ → /ˈo.ras/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔ̌ː.raːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈo.ras/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.ras/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.ras/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.ras/

### Noun

ὤρᾱς • (ṓrās)
* inflection of ὤρᾱ (ṓrā):
** genitive singular
** accusative plural
# طارطغان اوتی
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From طارطغان (dardağan, “scattering”) + اوت (ot, “grass, herb”).

### Noun

طارطغان اوتی • (dardağan otu)
* knotgrass, centinode, any annual herbaceous plant of the genus Polygonum, found in fields
    Synonym: چوبان دكنكی (çoban değeneği)

### Further reading

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طارطغان اوتی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1220
# मस्तक
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मस्तक (mastaka).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /məs.t̪ək/, [mɐs.t̪ɐk]

### Noun

मस्तक • (mastak) m (Urdu spelling مستک)
* head
* skull
* forehead
* summit

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মস্তক (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
* মস্তক (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* မသ္တက (Burmese script)
* મસ્તક (Gujarati script)
* ਮਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
* ಮಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
* មស្តក (Khmer script)
* ມສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
* മസ്തക (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠠᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
* ମସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
* මස‍්තක (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
* மஸ்தக (Tamil script)
* మస్తక (Telugu script)
* มสฺตก (Thai script)
* མ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mɐs.tɐ.kɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /mɐs̪.t̪ɐ.kɐ/

### Noun

मस्तक • (mastaka) stem, m or n
* the head, skull
* the upper part of anything, top, summit (especially of mountains or trees)
* the tuft of leaves which grows at the top of various species of palm trees

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Dameli: maštak
** Gawar-Bati: مَستَک (masták), مَستَاک (mastā́k)
** Kalasha: mhāsta, māsta
** Phalura: مات (mātu)
** Shina: مت, متھو
** Wotapuri-Katarqalai: mat, math
* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha)
** Central:
*** Awadhi: माथ (māth)
*** Hindustani: māthā
    Hindi: माथा
    Urdu: مَاتھَا
** Western:
*** Gujarati: માથું (māthũ)
*** Marwari: माथो (mātho)
** Northwestern:
*** Kachchi: મથો (matho)
*** Punjabi: matthā
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੱਥਾ
    Shahmukhi script: مَتَّا
*** Sindhi: mathu, matho
    Arabic script: مَٺُ, مَٺو
    Devanagari script: मथु, मथो
** Eastern:
*** Assamese: মাথা (matha)
*** Bengali: মাথা (matha)
*** Bihari:
**** Bhojpuri: माथ (māth)
**** Maithili: माथ (māth)
**** Odia: ମାଥ (mātha)
** Northern:
*** Central Pahari:
**** Garhwali: माथो (mātho)
**** Kumaoni: मथा (mathā), माँथ (mā̃th)
*** Eastern Pahari:
**** Nepali: माथ (māth), माथि (māthi)
** Insular:
*** Dhivehi: މަތި (mati), މަތީ (matī), މަޗައް (macak̊)
*** Sinhalese: මත්ත (matta), මතු (matu), මත (mata)
** Southern:
*** Konkani:
    Devanagari script: माथें (māthẽ)
    Latin script: mathẽ
    Kannada script: ಮಾಥೆಂ
*** Marathi: माथा (māthā)
* → Proto-Nuristani:
** Ashkun: mōstə
** Kamkata-viri: mištə, mŕũšⁱte
** Prasuni: must
** Waigali: muštä
* → Hindi: मस्तक (mastak)
* → Old Javanese: mastaka
** > Javanese: ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (mustaka) (inherited)
* → Tamil: மஸ்தகம் (mastakam), மத்தகம் (mattakam)
* → Telugu: మస్తకము (mastakamu)
* → Malayalam: മസ്തകം (mastakaṁ)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “masta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 571
# Cásc
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑːsˠk/

### Proper noun

Cásc
* genitive singular of Cáisc

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 150

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פסחא (pasḥa), from Biblical Hebrew פֶּסַח (pesaḥ).

### Proper noun

Cásc f
* Easter

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: Cáisc
* Manx: Caisht
* Scottish Gaelic: Càisg

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.