# kultura
## Basque
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cultura.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kultura inan
* culture
    euskal kultura ― Basque culture
* refinement, culture

## Czech
### Etymology

Derived from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkultura]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kultura f
* arts
* culture (arts, customs and habits)
* (microbiology) culture

#### Derived terms

* kulturní

#### Related terms

* kult m
* kultivovat

### References

* ↑ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “kultura”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

### Further reading

* “kultura”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kultura”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kultura”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈtura/
* Hyphenation: kul‧tur‧a
* Rhymes: -ura

### Adjective

kultura (accusative singular kulturan, plural kulturaj, accusative plural kulturajn)
* cultural (relating to culture)
* cultured (civilized, refined)

## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* cultura

### Etymology

Derived from Latin cultūra (“culture”) (compare Spanish cultura), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“I till, cultivate”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Spain):(file)

### Noun

kultura f (Hebrew spelling קולטורה)
* culture
    kultura djudia ― Jewish culture

#### Related terms

* kultural / kulturalo

### References

* ↑ “kultura”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian cultura.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈtuː.ra/

### Noun

kultura f (plural kulturi)
* culture
    il-kultura Maltija ― Maltese culture

#### Related terms

* inkolt
* inkulturalment
* kkultura
* kolt
* kulturali
* kulturalment
* multikulturali
* multikulturaliżmu

## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra. First attested in 1732.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈtu.ra/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /kulˈtu.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ura
* Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

### Noun

kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)
* (countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)
* (countable) culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)
* (uncountable) skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)
* (uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)
    Synonyms: obycie, ogłada, okrzesanie
* (countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)
* (countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)
* (countable, agriculture) crops grown on a large field
* (agriculture) culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)

#### Derived terms

* kulturalny
* agrokultura
* akwakultura
* antropolog kultury
* kultura fizyczna
* kultura masowa

#### Related terms

* akulturacyjny
* kulturowo
* akulturacja
* kulturowość

#### Descendants

* Kashubian: kùltura
* Silesian: kultura

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), kultura is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 24 times in scientific texts, 55 times in news, 130 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 224 times, making it the 246th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kultura”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* ↑ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “kultura”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “kultura”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “kultura”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Franciszek Gościecki (1732) Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, Poeci polskiego Baroku (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461: “Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.”
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “kultura”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 208

### Further reading

* kultura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kultura in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “kultura”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kultura”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 628

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Latin cultūra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kultǔːra/
* Hyphenation: kul‧tu‧ra

### Noun

kultúra f (Cyrillic spelling култу́ра)
* culture
* manners
* civility

#### Declension
### References

* “kultura”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish kultura.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈtu.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ura
* Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

### Noun

kultura f
* (countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)
* (uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)

#### Derived terms

* kulturologijŏ
* kulturystyka

#### Related terms

* kulturologiczny
* kulturologicznie
* kulturalizm

### Further reading

* kultura in silling.org

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cultura (“culture”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kulˈtuɾa/ [kʊlˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

### Noun

kultura (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)
* culture
    Synonym: kalinangan
* civilization
    Synonyms: kabihasnan, sibilisasyon

#### Related terms

* abikultura
* agrikultor
* agrikultura
* agrikultural
* agwa-kolonya
* akulturasyon
* akwakultura
* apikultura
* kolonisa
* kolonisado
* kolonisador
* kolonisasyon
* kolonya
* kolonyado
* kolonyal
* kolonyalismo
* kultibado
* kultibador
* kultibasyon
* kulto
* kultural
* plorikultura
* puwerikultura

#### See also

* kabihasnan
* kagawian
* karaniwan
* kaugalian

### References

* “kultura”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018