# شغل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ɣa.la/

#### Verb

شَغَلَ • (šaḡala) I (non-past يَشْغَلُ (yašḡalu), verbal noun شَغْل (šaḡl) or شُغْل (šuḡl))
* to occupy, to keep busy [with accusative ‘someone’ and بِ (bi) ‘with something’]
* to preoccupy, to trouble (someone)
* to distract, to divert [with accusative ‘someone’ and عَن (ʕan) ‘from something’]
* to occupy, to hold (a position, an office)
* to take up, to occupy (space)
* to engage (one's attention, enemy forces, etc.)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃu.ɣi.la/

#### Verb

شُغِلَ • (šuḡila) I (passive-only, non-past يُشْغَلُ (yušḡalu), verbal noun شَغْل (šaḡl) or شُغْل (šuḡl))
* to occupy oneself, to be busy [with بِ (bi) ‘with something’]
* to be occupied [with بِ (bi) ‘by a building, etc.’] (of an area)
* to be distracted [with بِ (bi) ‘by something’ and عَن (ʕan) ‘from something else’]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaɣ.ɣa.la/

#### Verb

شَغَّلَ • (šaḡḡala) II (non-past يُشَغِّلُ (yušaḡḡilu), verbal noun تَشْغِيل (tašḡīl))
* to occupy, to busy, to engage (someone)
* to employ, to put to work (someone)
* to operate, to run, to start (a machine)
    أَحْتَاجُ أَنْ أُشَغِّلَ جِهَازَ الْكَمْبْيُوتَرِʔaḥtāju ʔan ʔušaḡḡila jihāza l-kambyūtariI need to start my computer
* to operate, to run, to keep in service, to maintain (a machine, a public utility, etc.)
* to produce, to manufacture, to fabricate
* to invest

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃuɣl/

#### Noun

شُغْل • (šuḡl) m (plural أَشْغَال (ʔašḡāl) or شُغُول (šuḡūl))
* verbal noun of شَغَلَ (šaḡala) (form I)
* occupancy, filling, taking up
* detention, prevention, distraction
* occupation, activity
* work, job, business, concern
* (physics) work

##### Descendants

* Maltese: xogħol
* → Azerbaijani: şüğl
* → Classical Syriac: ܫܘܓܠܐ
* → Ottoman Turkish: شغل (şuğl)
* → Persian: شغل (šoğl)
** → Bashkir: шөғөл (şöğöl)
** → Hindustani:
    Urdu: شغل (śuġl)
** → Pashto: شغل (šᶕǧwəl)
* → Swahili: shughuli
* → Tajik: шуғл (šuġl)

### Etymology 1.5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaɣl/

#### Noun

شَغْل • (šaḡl) m
* verbal noun of شَغَلَ (šaḡala) (form I)

##### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “شغل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 432
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “شغل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1567
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “شغل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 556

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic شُغْل (šuḡl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃuɣl/

#### Noun

شغل • (šuḡl) m
* work, occupation
* work, labour

### Etymology 2

From Arabic شَغَلَ (šaḡala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ɣal/

#### Verb

شغل • (šaḡal) I (non-past يشغل (yišḡil), verbal noun شغل (šaḡl), active participle شاغل (šāḡil), passive participle مشغول (mašḡūl))
* (transitive) to occupy, to keep busy
* (transitive) to preoccupy, to distract [with عن (ʕan) ‘from’]

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

### Etymology 3

From Arabic شَغَّلَ (šaḡḡala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaɣ.ɣal/

#### Verb

شغّل • (šaḡḡal) II (non-past يشغل (yišaḡḡal), verbal noun تشغيل (tašḡīl), active participle مشغل (mišaḡḡal), passive participle متشغل (mitšaḡḡal))
* to turn on, to activate
* to employ

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شُغْل (šuḡl).

### Pronunciation

* (Qatar) IPA: /ʃɪʁl/, [ˈʃɨ.ʁ(ɨ)ɫ]

### Noun

شغل • (šiḡl) m
* work, occupation
* business, concern, matter
    موب شغلك ― mūb shiḡlik ― (It's) none of your business

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شَغَّلَ (šaḡḡala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaɣ.ɣal/

### Verb

شغّل • (šaḡḡal) II (non-past يِشغِّل (yišaḡḡil))
* to turn on (a device)
    Antonym: طفّى (ṭaffa)

#### Conjugation
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شُغْل (šuḡl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃuɣl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃʊɣl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃʊɣl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃʊɣl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃuɣl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃoɢl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃuʁl]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

شُغل • (šoğl) (plural شُغل‌ها (šoğl-hâ) or اَشغال (ašğâl))
* job, work, employment, occupation
    Synonym: کار (kâr)
    شغل شما چیست؟ (more literary) ― šoğl-e šomâ či-st? ― What work do you do?
    شغلتون چیه؟ (more colloquial) ― šoğl-etun chi-ye? ― What work do you do?
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 752:تشنه را خود شغل چه بود در جهان، گرد پای حوض گشتن جاودانtešne-râ xod šoğl če bovad dar jahân, gerd-e pây-e howz gaštan jâvedân.What, indeed, is the thirsty man's business in the world? To circle for ever round the base of the [water] tank.
* pastime, amusement

#### Descendants

* → Bashkir: шөғөл (şöğöl)
* → Hindustani:
    Urdu: شغل (śuġl)
* → Pashto: شغل (šᶕǧwəl)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic شَغَلَ (šaḡala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ɣal/, [ˈʃa.ɣal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

شغل • (šaḡal) I (present بشغل (bišḡel), passive participle مشغول (mašḡūl))
* to occupy, to keep busy

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic شَغَّلَ (šaḡḡala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaɣ.ɣal/, [ˈʃaɣ.ɣal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

شغّل • (šaḡḡal) II (present بشغّل (bišaḡḡel))
* (transitive) to operate (machinery), to turn on (a device)
    Synonym: ضوى (ḍawa)
    Antonym: طفى (ṭafa)
* to employ
    Synonym: وظّف (waẓẓaf)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic شُغْل (šuḡl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃuɣl/, [ˈʃʊ.ɣ(o)l]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

#### Noun

شغل • (šuḡl) m (plural أشغال (ʔašḡāl))
* work, labour, occupation
* business, concern, matter

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شغل (šuğl), from Arabic شُغْل (šuḡl).

### Noun

شغل • (śuġl) m
* job
* work
* occupation
* business
* labor