# 側

| 側 | U+5074, &#20596; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5074 |
| ← 偳 [U+5073] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 偵 → [U+5075] |

## Translingual
### Han character

側 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人月金弓 (OBCN), four-corner 2220$_0$, composition ⿰亻則)

#### Derived characters

* 𨶨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 111, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 897
* Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 189, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5074

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 側
* Bronze inscriptionsb12303b12304Small seal scripts05768Transcribed ancient scriptsL38256
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 廁 | *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ |
| 則 | *ʔsɯːɡ |
| 賊 | *zɯːɡ |
| 鰂 | *zɯːɡ |
| 鱡 | *zɯːɡ |
| 蠈 | *zɯːɡ |
| 側 | *ʔsrɯɡ |
| 萴 | *ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ |
| 測 | *sʰrɯɡ |
| 惻 | *sʰrɯɡ |
| 崱 | *zrɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsrɯɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cè, zè, zhāi (ce$^4$, ze$^4$, zhai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄜˋ, ㄗㄜˋ, ㄓㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zak$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zet$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chet
* Eastern Min (BUC): cháik / cáik
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ceh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiak / chhek / chhak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cè
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cè
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻê$^4$
*** Yale: tsè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tseh
*** Palladius: цэ (cɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zè
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zè
*** Wade–Giles: tsê$^4$
*** Yale: dzè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeh
*** Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhai
*** Wade–Giles: chai$^1$
*** Yale: jāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jai
*** Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zak$^1$
*** Yale: jāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐk̚⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zet$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chet
*** Hakka Romanization System: zed$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zed$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡set̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cháik / cáik
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaiʔ²⁴/, /t͡saiʔ²⁴/
* cháik - “side”;
* cáik - “to lean to one side”.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit側 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡sʰɤ⁵³/ /t͡sai⁴⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰə⁵⁵/ /ʈ͡ʂʰe⁵⁵/ /ʈ͡ʂe⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sei²¹/ ～棱子睡 /t͡sʰei²¹/ ～面 |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sʰɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡sʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰe³¹/ /t͡se³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sɛ²¹/ ～邊 /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ ～起過 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡sʰə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡saʔ⁴³/ ～楞 /t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/ ～面 |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/ /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰe²¹³/ /t͡se²¹³/ /t͡sei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɛʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰa⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sə²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sæ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡set̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡set̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐk̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɐk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɐk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰaiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sɛ²⁴/ /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sek̚⁵/ /sɔk̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsrik
Rime :
| Character | 側 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 阻力切 |
| Baxter | tsrik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhe |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]rək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 側 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrik › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]rək/ |
| English | slanting, oblique; side |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 側 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16600 |
| Phonetic component | 則 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 稄 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsrɯɡ/ |

#### Definitions

側
* side
    本側開門／本侧开门 ― běn cè kāimén ― Exit this side
* to lean to one side; to incline; to slant

#### Compounds

* 一側 / 一侧 (yīcè)
* 側偃 / 侧偃
* 偪側 / 偪侧
* 側匿 / 侧匿
* 側壓力 / 侧压力
* 側媚 / 侧媚
* 側室 / 侧室 (cèshì)
* 側席 / 侧席
* 側帽 / 侧帽
* 側影 / 侧影 (cèyǐng)
* 側微 / 侧微
* 側手翻 / 侧手翻 (cèshǒufān)
* 側擊 / 侧击 (cèjī)
* 側枝 / 侧枝 (cèzhī)
* 側柏 / 侧柏 (cèbǎi)
* 側根 / 侧根
* 側歪 / 侧歪 (cèwāi)
* 側泳 / 侧泳 (cèyǒng)
* 側滑 / 侧滑
* 側理紙 / 侧理纸
* 側目 / 侧目 (cèmù)
* 側目而視 / 侧目而视
* 側眼 / 侧眼
* 側視圖 / 侧视图
* 側筆 / 侧笔
* 側線 / 侧线 (cèxiàn)
* 側翼 / 侧翼 (cèyì)
* 側耳 / 侧耳 (cè'ěr)
* 側聞 / 侧闻
* 側聽 / 侧听
* 側脈 / 侧脉
* 側膜胎座 / 侧膜胎座
* 側臥 / 侧卧
* 側芽 / 侧芽
* 側蝕力 / 侧蚀力
* 側言 / 侧言
* 側記 / 侧记 (cèjì)
* 側豔 / 侧艳
* 側足 / 侧足 (cèzú)
* 側身 / 侧身 (cèshēn)
* 側邊 / 侧边 (cèbiān)
* 側重 / 侧重 (cèzhòng)
* 側鋒 / 侧锋
* 側錄 / 侧录
* 側門 / 侧门 (cèmén)
* 側陋 / 侧陋
* 側離 / 侧离
* 側面 / 侧面 (cèmiàn)
* 側面圖 / 侧面图
* 側首 / 侧首
* 側麗 / 侧丽
* 傾側 / 倾侧 (qīngcè)
* 兩側 / 两侧
* 匾打側卓 / 匾打侧卓
* 反側 / 反侧 (fǎncè)
* 右側 / 右侧 (yòucè)
* 右側通行 / 右侧通行
* 外側 / 外侧 (wàicè)
* 展轉反側 / 展转反侧
* 左側 / 左侧 (zuǒcè)
* 引人側目 / 引人侧目
* 扶側 / 扶侧
* 搜揚側陋 / 搜扬侧陋
* 攲側 / 攲侧 (qīcè)
* 旁敲側擊 / 旁敲侧击 (pángqiāocèjī)
* 東側 / 东侧 (dōngcè)
* 清君側 / 清君侧 (qīngjūncè)
* 珠玉在側 / 珠玉在侧
* 翼側 / 翼侧 (yìcè)
* 腹側體腔 / 腹侧体腔
* 車側氣囊 / 车侧气囊
* 輾轉反側 / 辗转反侧 (zhǎnzhuǎnfǎncè)
* 轉側 / 转侧
* 轉側不安 / 转侧不安
* 轉輾反側 / 转辗反侧
* 逼側 / 逼侧
* 道路側目 / 道路侧目
* 重足側目 / 重足侧目

### Pronunciation 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 側 – see 仄 (“slanting; oblique; narrow; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 仄).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しき (shiki)
* Kan-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
* Kun: がわ (gawa, 側, Jōyō)、かわ (kawa, 側)、そば (soba, 側)、はた (hata, 側)、かたわら (katawara, 側ら)

#### Related terms

* 仄(ほの)か (honoka)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* がわ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) がわ [gàwá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡa̠β̞a̠]

#### Noun

側(がわ) • (gawa)
* side

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* そば Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 傍

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そば [sóꜜbà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞ba̠]

#### Noun

側(そば) • (soba)
* vicinity, near, beside, side
    泣(な)かないで。僕(ぼく)は傍(そば)にいるから。
       Nakanaide. Boku wa soba ni iru kara.
       Don't cry, for I am by your side.

##### Derived terms

* 側(そば)泳(えい) (sobaei)
* 側(そば)杖(づえ) (sobazue)
* 側(そば)仕(づか)え (sobazukae)
* 側(そば)む (sobamu)
* 側(そば)女(め) (sobame)
* 側(そば)役(やく) (sobayaku)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* かわ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かわ [kàwáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠β̞a̠]

#### Noun

側(かわ) • (kawa)
* side

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* はた Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 端 傍

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はた [hàtá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ta̠]

#### Noun

側(はた) • (hata)
* vicinity

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* かたわら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 側 – see the following entry. :
| 【かたわら】 | [adverb] in addition, besides, while [noun] the side of something [noun] a person nearby [noun] the area nearby; vicinity [noun] a remote partially built-up area along a major highway [noun] in addition to…, while doing…, on the other hand… Alternative spellings 傍ら, 傍, 側ら, 旁, 旁ら, 脇, 脇ら |
(This term, 側, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 側
* そく Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 側 (t͡ʃɨk̚).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そく [sóꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞kɯ̟]

#### Affix

側(そく) • (soku)
* side

##### Derived terms

* 君(くん)側(そく) (kunsoku, “vicinity of a lord”)
* 側(そく)圧(あつ) (sokuatsu, “lateral pressure”)
* 側(そく)位(い) (sokui, “spoons position”)
* 側(そく)鎖(さ) (sokusa)
* 側(そく)室(しつ) (sokushitsu)
* 側(そく)射(しゃ) (sokusha)
* 側(そく)車(しゃ) (sokusha)
* 側(そく)線(せん) (sokusen)
* 側(そく)背(はい) (sokuhai)
* 側(そく)部(ぶ) (sokubu)
* 側(そく)聞(ぶん) (sokubun)
* 側(そく)壁(へき) (sokuheki)
* 側(そく)辺(へん) (sokuhen)
* 側(そく)面(めん) (sokumen)
* 側(そく)路(ろ) (sokuro)
* 側(そっ)火(か)山(ざん) (sokkazan)
* 側(そっ)近(きん) (sokkin)
* 側(そっ)溝(こう) (sokkō)
* 側(そっ)根(こん) (sokkon)
* 側(そく)頭(とう) (sokutō)

#### Noun

側(そく) • (soku)
* the first of the Eight Principles of Yong

##### Hypernyms

* 永(えい)字(じ)八法(はっぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

##### Coordinate terms

* 勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 啄(たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

側 (eum 측 (cheuk))
* side

## Vietnamese
### Han character

側: Hán Nôm readings: trắc, trắt, trặc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.