# 제

| 제 | U+C81C, &#51228; HANGUL SYLLABLE JE |
| Composition: | ㅈ + ㅔ |
| ← 젛 [U+C81B] | Hangul Syllables | 젝 → [U+C81D] |
제젝젞젟젠젡젢 젣젤젥젦젧젨젩 젪젫젬젭젮젯젰 젱젲젳젴젵젶젷 :
| 저 ← | → 져 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Korean 제〯 (cě-y).
Equivalent to a contraction of 저 (jeo) +‎ -이 (-i, nominative particle). When the -가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 저 (jeo), producing this new allomorphy.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Pronoun

제 • (je)
* allomorph of 저 (jeo, first-person singular polite pronoun; third-person plain reflexive pronoun) before -가 (-ga, nominative suffix)
    선생님, 제가 그랬습니다. ― Seonsaengnim, je-ga geuraetseumnida. ― Teacher, it was I who did that.
    그는 제가 하고 싶은 것만 한다.Geu-neun je-ga hago sipeun geon-man handa.He only does things that he himself desires.

##### Alternative forms

* 지 (ji, “oneself”) — proscribed

### Etymology 2

From Middle Korean 제 (cèy).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Determiner

제 • (je)
* Contraction of 저의 (jeo-ui): my; one's (own), (by extension, in compounds) proper, fitting

##### Derived terms

* 제가끔 (jegakkeum)
* 제각각 (jegakgak)
* 제각기 (jegakgi)
* 제것 (jegeot)
* 제격 (jegyeok)
* 제고장 (jegojang)
* 제곱 (jegop)
* 제구실 (jegusil)
* 제깐에 (jekkane)
* 제대로 (jedaero)
* 제때 (jettae)
* 제멋 (jemeot)
* 제멋대로 (jemeotdaero)
* 제명 (jemyeong)
* 제물 (jemul)
* 제물에 (jemure)
* 제밑동생 (jemitdongsaeng)
* 제바닥 (jebadak)
* 제바람 (jebaram)
* 제부수 (jebusu)
* 제붙이 (jebuchi)
* 제사날로 (jesanallo)
* 제살붙이 (jesalbuchi)
* 제시간 (jesigan)
* 제자루칼 (jejarukal)
* 제자리 (jejari)
* 제잡이 (jejabi)
* 제정신 (jejeongsin)
* 제턱 (jeteok)
* 제판 (jepan)
* 제풀에 (jepure)

### Etymology 3

From Middle Korean 제〮 (céy).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Adverb

제 • (je)
* Contraction of 적에 (jeog-e): (literary, possibly dated) when

### Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 題.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Noun

제 • (je) (hanja 題)
* (written) Short for 제목(題目) (jemok, “title”).

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 題 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (題, je).

### Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 祭.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [제(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

제 • (je) (hanja 祭)
* sacrificial rites in honor of an ancestor or god
    Synonym: 제사(祭祀) (jesa)
    제를 지내다 ― je-reul jinaeda ― to perform rites

#### Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 祭)
* festival; rite, ceremony
    ‎예술(藝術) (yesul, “art”) + ‎-제(祭) (-je) → ‎예술제(藝術祭) (yesulje, “art festival”)

#### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 祭 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (祭, je).

#### See also

* Category Korean terms suffixed with -제 (祭) not found

### Etymology 6

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 뎌ᅌᅦ (Yale: tyèngèy).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Pronoun

제 • (je)
* (dated or dialectal) there
    Coordinate terms: (proximal) 예 (ye, “here”), (mesial) 게 (ge, “there”)

### Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 第.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Prefix

제— • (je-) (hanja 第)
* (prefix marking ordinals) -th, -st, -nd
    제 1과 ― je il-gwa ― first lesson

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 第 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (第, je).

### Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 諸.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [제]

#### Prefix

제— • (je-) (hanja 諸)
* every
    유럽의 제언어 ― Yureob-ui je-eoneo ― the languages of Europe

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 諸 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (諸, je).

### Etymology 9

Sino-Korean word from 製.

#### Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 製)
* -made
    ‎한국(韓國) (Han'guk, “Korea”) + ‎-제(製) (-je) → ‎한국제(韓國製) (han'gukje, “made in Korea”)
* made of
    ‎금속(金屬) (geumsok, “metal”) + ‎-제(製) (-je) → ‎금속제(金屬製) (geumsokje, “made of metal”)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 製 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (製, je).

##### See also

* Category Korean terms suffixed with -제 (製) not found

### Etymology 10

Sino-Korean word from 劑.

#### Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 劑)
* agent; medicine
    ‎진통(鎭痛) (jintong, “reducing pain”) + ‎-제(劑) (-je) → ‎진통제(鎭痛劑) (jintongje, “pain killer / analgesic”)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 劑 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (劑, je).

##### See also

* Korean terms suffixed with -제 (劑) 거담제 영양제 진정제 진통제 청량제 항암제

### Etymology 11

Sino-Korean word from 制.

#### Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 制)
* system; rule
    ‎양당(兩黨) (yangdang, “two / both parties”) + ‎-제(制) (-je) → ‎양당제(兩黨制) (yangdangje, “bipartisan system”)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 制 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (制, je).

##### See also

* Korean terms suffixed with -제 (制) 군주제

### Etymology 12

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

제 • (je)
* 諸:
    (MC reading: 諸 (MC tsyo|tsyae))
* 題:
    (MC reading: 題 (MC dej|dejH))
* 祭:
    (MC reading: 祭 (MC tsjejH|tsreajH))
* 齊:
    (MC reading: 齊 (MC dzej|dzejH))
* 劑:
    (MC reading: 劑 (MC tsjwe|dzejH))
* 制:
    (MC reading: 制 (MC tsyejH))
* 除:
    (MC reading: 除 (MC drjo|drjoH))
* 弟:
    (MC reading: 弟 (MC dejX|dejH))
* 臍:
    (MC reading: 臍 (MC dzej))
* 製:
    (MC reading: 製 (MC tsyejH))
* 際:
    (MC reading: 際 (MC tsjejH))
* 薺:
    (MC reading: 薺 (MC dzij|dzejX))
* 第:
    (MC reading: 第 (MC dejH))

## Middle Korean
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sə́j/

### Adverb

제〮 (céy)
* Contraction of 저-긔〮 (cek-úy, literally “at the time”): when
** 1447, Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가) :셤〯 안해〮 자〮시ᇙ 제〮 한〮비〮 사ᄋᆞ〮리로ᄃᆡ〮 뷔〯어ᅀᅡ〮 ᄌᆞ〮ᄆᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮syěm ànháy cásìlq céy hánpí sàólì-lwòtóy pwǔyèzá cómòníngìtáWhen [General Yi] stationed [his troops] on [Wihwa] Island, heavy rain fell for three days; only after [they] cleared themselves away from it, the [island] was submerged.

#### Descendants

* Korean: 제 (je)