# Kunming
## English
### Alternative forms

* K'un-ming (Wade–Giles)

### Etymology

From Mandarin 昆明 (Kūnmíng).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊnˈmɪŋ/
* enPR: ko͝onʹmǐngʹ
** Audio (US):(file)

### Proper noun

Kunming
* A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China.
** 1914 January, “China's Mining Districts”, in The Far Eastern Review [遠東時報], volume X, number 8, Shanghai, Manila, →OCLC, page 311, column 2:The Minister of Commerce and Industry is pushing forward proposals for the development of mining, and has placed before the Cabinet a scheme for the division of the country into eight mining districts to be controlled by the Mining Supervision Bureau. […] The fifth division will be Shensi, Kansu, and Singkiang, with headquarters at Changan; the sixth will be Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Fukien, with headquarters at Canton; the seventh will be Yunnan and Kweichow, with headquarters at Kunming, in Yunnan; and the eighth will be Szechuan alone, with headquarters at Chengtu.
** 1930 December 31 [1930 December 30], “Rebel Army Enters Yunnan.”, in Hongkong Daily Press‎, number 2260, page 9, column 4:Military movements are reported to be proceeding in the region of Kunming.
** 1943, Hubert Freyn, Free China's New Deal‎, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 63:Best known abroad are Free China’s two "back doors," the Burma Road and the Northwest Highway. The 960-mile road from Kunming to Lashio was a vast engineering feat and, after the outbreak of the Pacific war, China’s main hope for obtaining offensive armaments. In the last month before its closing it carried over 30,000 tons.
** 1944 April 24, “Trouble in Burma”, in Life‎, volume 16, number 17, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:Last week's focus of the war in the Far East centered squarely upon this little railroad. Because it brings supplies to the Assam Valley airfields, whence they can be flown over the "Hump" to Kunming, it is a vital part of our only link with China.
** 1975 March 23, “Freedom at last for Wu & son”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XVI, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:Hsiao-hua, who studied at a primary school at Kunming before he fled the mainland with his father, said he was often criticized by his classmates for his association with "bad elements." All school children on the Chinese mainland, he added, must do forced manual work and read "Quotations from Mao Tse-tung."
** 1980, Wanda Cornelius, Thayne Short, Ding Hao: America's Air War in China, 1937-1945‎, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, pages 94-95:In some cases, over a hundred thousand men, women, and children could be seen building five-thousand-foot solid runways for huge bombers of a type not yet built in America. These fields were being built in places east of Kunming, places with strange-sounding names like Liuchow, Kweilin, Lingling, and Hengyang, names which would all too soon become quite familiar to hundred of American airmen.
** 2022 January 23, Muyu Xu, David Stanway, “Biodiversity talks in China's Kunming in April may be affected by COVID”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters‎, archived from the original on 24 January 2022, Environment:The schedule of the second phase of the COP15 global biodiversity talks in the southwestern Chinese city of Kunming in April is "likely to be affected" by new COVID-19 risks, environment ministry spokesman Liu Youbin said on Monday. The second phase was supposed to see the completion of a new post-2020 global deal on biodiversity protection, following on the first round of talks in Kunming last October.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Kunming.

#### Derived terms

* Kunming Lake

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Kunming in Encyclopædia Britannica
* Kunming, K'un-ming, K'unming, Kun-ming at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
* “Kunming, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “Kunming”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “Kunming” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2025.
* Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Kunming”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 2, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1631, column 1: “Formerly called Yunnanfu.”

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Mandarin 昆明 (Kūnmíng).

### Proper noun

Kunming f
* Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)

## Spanish
### Proper noun

Kunming ?
* Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)