# 炭

| 炭 | U+70AD, &#28845; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70AD |
| ← 炬 [U+70AC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 炮 → [U+70AE] |
| 炭 | U+2F91A, &#194842; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A |
| ← 灷 [U+2F919] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 𠔥 → [U+2F91B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

炭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 2228$_9$, composition ⿱山⿸厂火(HJKTV) or ⿱山灰(G))

#### Derived characters

* 𠋌, 𪡩, 𡎅, 㛶, 𫺣, 㨏, 湠, 𣕴, 𪹇, 碳, 羰, 𬜍, 𩤧, 𢾋, 𢾡, 𣁗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 668, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953
* Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2195, character 15
* Unihan data for U+70AD
* Unihan data for U+2F91A

## Chinese

* 炭 (Cantonese)
* 炭 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 炭 | *tŋ̊ʰaːns |
| 湠 | *tʰaːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰaːns): semantic 火 (“fire”) + abbreviated phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tarl (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).
Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).

#### (ACG slang) -tan

    Borrowed from Japanese たん (tan). Also from the manga Binchō-tan, which features -tan suffix characters that are anthropomorphic representations of charcoal.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tàn (tan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тан (tan, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taan$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tan$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): than
    (Hailu, HRS): tan$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tan$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tan$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): tui̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): táng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tua$^4$ / tuaⁿ$^4$ / tang$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thàn / thòaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tuan$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tua$^3$ / tang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$the
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): tan$^4$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): tan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тан (tan, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰæ̃⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taan$^3$
*** Yale: taan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːn³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰan²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰæ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tui̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: táng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tua$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tua̍ⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰua⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tuaⁿ$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰũã⁴²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tang$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ta̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ⁴²/
* tua4/tuaⁿ4 - vernacular;
* tang4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: thanH
Rime :
| Character | 炭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 他旦切 |
| Baxter | thanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tʰ]ˤa[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tŋ̊ʰaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 炭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ than$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tʰ]ˁa[n]-s/ |
| English | charcoal, coal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 炭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12356 |
| Phonetic component | 炭 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 炭 |
| Old Chinese | /*tŋ̊ʰaːns/ |

### Definitions

炭
* charcoal
    炭火 ― tànhuǒ ― charcoal fire
* charcoal-like substance
* charcoal fire; hot charcoal
* (dialectal) coal
    肥炭 [Jin] ― xi$^1$ tan$^3$ [Wiktionary] ― bituminous coal
    笨炭 [Jin] ― beng$^3$ tan$^3$ [Wiktionary] ― anthracite
* Alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”)
* (ACG, Internet slang) -tan

#### Synonyms

* (charcoal):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 炭 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 炭, 木炭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 炭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 炭, 木炭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 炭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 炭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 木炭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 炭, 木炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 木炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 木炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 木炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 木炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 木炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 木炭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 木炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 板炭, 鋼炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 木炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 炭, 京炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 木炭, 炭, 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 木炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 炭, 木炭, 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 木炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 木炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 火炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 火炭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 木炭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 炭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 炭, 堅炭 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 炭, 木炭 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 木炭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 木炭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 木炭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 木炭 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 炭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 木炭 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 炭, 木炭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 木炭 |
| Gan | Pengze | 炭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 炭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 木炭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 響灰, 木炭, 炭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 火炭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 火炭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 火炭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 火炭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 火炭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 火炭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 火炭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 炭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 木炭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 木炭 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 炭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 炭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 炭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 炭, 火炭, 柴炭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 火炭 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 𠕇炭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 火炭, 柴炭 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 炭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 火炭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 火炭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 火炭 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 火炭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 火炭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 炭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 炭, 烏炭 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 炭 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 火炭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 炭, 木炭, 柴炭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 木炭 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 黑炭 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 炭 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 炭 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 炭 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 黑炭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 火炭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 炭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 炭, 木炭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 炭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 炭, 木炭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 炭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 炭 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 炭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 炭, 白炭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 白炭, 木炭 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 白炭 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 炭, 木炭 |
* (charcoal fire): 炭火 (tànhuǒ)
* (coal):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 煤, 烏金 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 煤, 炭 fuel |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 煤, 炭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 煤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe (Maoping) | 煤炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 煤, 石炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 煤, 石煤 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 煤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 煤, 砟子 fuel |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 煤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 炭, 煤 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 煤炭, 煤 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 煤 mined, 炭 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Xiakuojie) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 煤, 煤炭, 炭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 煤炭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 煤炭 |
| Cantonese | Lingchuan (Yangjia) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Majia) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Shuishan) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 煤炭 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 煤 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 煤炭 |
| Gan | Pengze | 煤 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 煤, 石炭 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Shuangduitun) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 煤 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 煤 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 煤 soot, 炭 piece |
| Jin | Pingyao | 炭 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Datong | 炭 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 炭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 炭 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Changzhi | 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined |
| Jin | Linhe | 炭 |
| Jin | Jining | 炭 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 煤 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Erenhot | 煤 mined, 炭 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Jin | Handan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Linzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Suide | 炭, 石炭 mined |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jiande | 煤 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jinhua | 煤 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 煤 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Tunxi | 煤 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 煤 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 塗炭, 煤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 塗炭 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 塗炭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 塗炭 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 煤 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 塗炭, 煤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 煤 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 塗炭, 煤 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 煤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 煤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 煤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 煤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 煤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 煤 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 煤 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 煤 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 煤 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 煤 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 煤 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 煤 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 煤 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 煤 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 煤 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 煤炭, 煤 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 煤炭 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 炭, 煤 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 煤炭 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 煤炭 |

### Compounds

* 冰炭 (bīngtàn)
* 冰炭不洽
* 吞炭
* 吞炭漆身
* 塗炭 / 涂炭 (tútàn)
* 塗炭生民 / 涂炭生民
* 塗炭生靈 / 涂炭生灵 (tútànshēnglíng)
* 戴炭簍子 / 戴炭篓子
* 打醋炭
* 握炭流湯 / 握炭流汤
* 木炭 (mùtàn)
* 木炭畫 / 木炭画 (mùtànhuà)
* 民墜塗炭 / 民坠涂炭
* 民生塗炭 / 民生涂炭
* 泥炭 (nítàn)
* 浮炭
* 漆身吞炭
* 瀝青炭 / 沥青炭
* 火炭 (huǒtàn)
* 灰炭
* 炭化 (tànhuà)
* 炭墼
* 炭層 / 炭层
* 炭敬
* 炭火 (tànhuǒ)
* 炭烤
* 炭疽病 (tànjūbìng)
* 炭盆 (tànpén)
* 炭窩 / 炭窝
* 炭窯 / 炭窑 (tànyáo)
* 炭筆 / 炭笔 (tànbǐ)
* 炭筆畫 / 炭笔画
* 炭簍子 / 炭篓子
* 炭米
* 炭精
* 炭精棒
* 炭精筆 / 炭精笔
* 炭精紙 / 炭精纸
* 焦炭 (jiāotàn)
* 煤炭 (méitàn)
* 熟炭
* 熛炭
* 熾炭 / 炽炭
* 燒炭 / 烧炭 (shāotàn)
* 爆炭
* 獸炭 / 兽炭
* 生民塗炭 / 生民涂炭
* 生炭
* 生靈塗炭 / 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn)
* 白炭
* 石炭 (shítàn)
* 石炭紀 / 石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
* 紅頭黑炭 / 红头黑炭
* 草炭 (cǎotàn)
* 荼炭
* 蜃炭
* 褐炭
* 踐冰履炭 / 践冰履炭
* 雪中送炭 (xuězhōngsòngtàn)
* 雪裡送炭 / 雪里送炭
* 骨炭 (gǔtàn)
* 麩炭 / 麸炭
* 黑炭

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 炭(たん) (tan)
* → Korean: 탄(炭) (tan)
* → Vietnamese: thán (炭)
Others:
* → Khmer: ធ្យូង (thyuung)
* → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *thanᴴ (“charcoal”)
** White Hmong: thee
* → Lao: ຖ່ານ (thān)
* → Thai: ถ่าน (tàan)
* → Vietnamese: than

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 炭 |
| Kyūjitai | 炭 &#x2F91A; or 炭+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 炭󠄁 炭+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 炭󠄃 炭+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 炭)
* a coal or cinder from a fire
* charcoal

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kun: すみ (sumi, 炭, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 泥炭(すくも) (sukumo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 炭
* すみ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 炭 – see the following entry. :
| 【すみ】 | [noun] [from 762] charcoal [noun] [from early 900s] a coal or cinder from a fire [noun] [date uncertain] (rare) coal (fossil fuel) |
(This term, 炭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 炭
* たん Grade: 3
From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たん [táꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [tã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

炭(たん) • (tan)
* (rare) charcoal
    Synonyms: (more common; see above) 炭 (sumi), (literally “wood charcoal”) 木炭 (mokutan), (rare reading) 木炭 (kizumi)
* (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
    Synonyms: (literally “stone charcoal”) 石炭 (sekitan), (rare reading) 石炭 (ishizumi)

##### Usage notes

This reading is only very rarely used as a standalone noun. Much more commonly encountered in compounds.

##### Derived terms

* 炭(たん)安(あん) (tan'an)
* 炭(たん)化(か) (tanka)
* 炭(たん)鉱(こう) (tankō)
* 炭(たん)酸(さん) (tansan)
* 炭(たん)素(そ) (tanso)
* 炭(たん)田(でん) (tanden)
* 採(さい)炭(たん) (saitan)
* 薪(しん)炭(たん) (shintan)
* 泥(でい)炭(たん) (deitan)
* 木(もく)炭(たん) (mokutan)

#### Proper noun

炭(たん) • (Tan)
* a surname

### Further reading

* Entry in Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1354 (paper), page 728 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄〯 (thǎn) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 炭 (eumhun 숯 탄 (sut tan))
* hanja form of 탄 (“charcoal; coal; carbon”)

#### Compounds

* 목탄 (木炭, moktan)
* 무연탄 (無煙炭, muyeontan)
* 석탄 (石炭, seoktan)
* 연탄 (煉炭, yeontan)
* 이산화탄소 (二酸化炭素, isanhwatanso)
* 탄갱 (炭坑, tan'gaeng)
* 탄광 (炭鑛, tan'gwang)
* 탄산 (炭酸, tansan)
* 탄소 (炭素, tanso)
* 탄수화물 (炭水化物, tansuhwamul)
* 탄화 (炭化, tanhwa)
* 활성탄 (活性炭, hwalseongtan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

炭: Hán Nôm readings: thán, than, tro
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.