# 赦

| 赦 | U+8D66, &#36198; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D66 |
| ← 赥 [U+8D65] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 赧 → [U+8D67] |

## Translingual
### Han character

赦 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土金人大 (GCOK), four-corner 4834$_0$, composition ⿰赤攵)

#### Derived characters

* 𠻲, 𡠬, 𢲳, 𣻪, 𧐭, 𥨅, 𠭷, 𭊆, 𢟻, 𰥾, 𱲓, 螫, 𬫁, 𫛿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1213, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36999
* Dae Jaweon: page 1681, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3507, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8D66

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 浾 | *sqraː |
| 嚇 | *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ |
| 赦 | *hljaɡs |
| 郝 | *qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ |
| 赫 | *qʰraːɡ |
| 爀 | *qʰraːɡ |
| 赤 | *kʰljaɡ |
| 烾 | *kʰljaɡ |
| 螫 | *qʰjaːɡ |
| 赥 | *qʰleːɡ |
| 捇 | *qʰʷreːɡ |
| 焃 | *qʰʷreːɡ |
In the bronze script, it was written as 𢼜, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljaɡs): phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 攴 (“hand holding a stick”). In later scripts, the phonetic component was replaced with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ).

### Etymology

Exoactive (causative) of 釋 (OC *hljaɡ, “to unloose; to release”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also related to 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to let off”) (Wang, 1982), of which there exists a derived reading 舍 (OC *hljaːs, “to let off; to liberate”) that formed a variant relationship with 赦 (OC *hljaɡs), despite not having the same pronunciation in Old Chinese (*-aːs vs *-ags).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shè (she$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): se$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): se$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sie$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): sa$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sa
    (Hailu, HRS): sha$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sa$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): se$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): sia̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): siá
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sia$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sià
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sia$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$so
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): she$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shè
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shè
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$
*** Yale: shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: se$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: se
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: se$^3$
*** Yale: se
*** Cantonese Pinyin: se$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sé$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siɛ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: sa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sa³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa
*** Hakka Romanization System: sa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sa⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sha$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃa¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sa⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: se$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɤ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sia̿
*** Sinological IPA : /sia³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siá
*** Sinological IPA : /siɑ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sia$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sia̍
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬia⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sià
*** Tâi-lô: sià
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sia²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sia¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sia$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sià
*** Sinological IPA : /sia²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$so
*** MiniDict: so$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$so
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /so³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: she$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂɤ̞⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sɤ̞⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: syaeH
Rime :
| Character | 赦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 始夜切 |
| Baxter | syaeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕia$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕia$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕia$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕia$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕia$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯a$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l̥]Ak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljaɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 赦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syae$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l̥]Ak-s/ |
| English | to pardon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 赦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1472 |
| Phonetic component | 赤 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 舎 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljaɡs/ |
| Notes | 說文或從亦聲 |

### Definitions

赦
* to pardon; to forgive
* a surname

### Compounds

* 三赦
* 十惡不赦 / 十恶不赦 (shí'èbùshè)
* 大赦 (dàshè)
* 大赦天下
* 恩赦 (ēnshè)
* 放赦
* 曲赦
* 特赦 (tèshè)
* 特赦令
* 獨角赦書 / 独角赦书
* 罪不可赦 (zuìbùkěshè)
* 肆赦
* 貰赦 / 贳赦
* 赦免 (shèmiǎn)
* 赦宥 (shèyòu)
* 赦文
* 赦書 / 赦书
* 赦罪 (shèzuì)

### References

* “赦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 611.
* “Entry #14110”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “赦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 207.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to pardon

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
* Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 赦す)

## Korean
### Hanja

赦 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

赦: Hán Việt readings: xá
赦: Nôm readings: tha, xá, xóa/xoá
* chữ Nôm form of tha (“to forgive”).
* chữ Nôm form of xoá.

#### Compounds

* 赦恕 (tha thứ)

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).