# fel
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛl/

### Adjective

fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste)
* ferocious, fierce
* bright (e.g. sunlight)

### Adverb

fel
* fiercely, ferociously

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈfɛl]

### Noun

fel m or f (plural fels)
* gall, bile
    Synonym: bilis
* (figurative) misery
* (figurative) rancor
    Synonym: rancúnia

### Further reading

* “fel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “fel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Noun

fel
* Mixed mutation of mel.

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: fel
* Rhymes: -ɛl

### Adjective

fel (comparative feller, superlative felst)
* bright, shiny (e.g. sunlight)
* fierce, feisty, even bitter
* flashy, showy

#### Derived terms

* felbegeerd
* felbevochten
* felblauw
* felgeel
* felgekleurd
* felgroen
* felheid
* felrood

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: fel
* → Papiamentu: fel (dated)

### Adverb

fel
* fiercely
    De Frisii waren een Germaans volk en net als verscheidene andere Germaanse volkeren wisten ze zich fel te verdedigen tegen de Romeinen — The Frisii were a Germanic people and, just like various other Germanic peoples, they knew how to defend themselves fiercely against the Romans.

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: fel

### Anagrams

* elf, lef

## Elfdalian
### Etymology

Cognate with Swedish fuller.

### Adverb

fel
* probably, likely

## Fala
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfel/
* Rhymes: -el
* Syllabification: fel

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Portuguese fazer and Galician facer.

#### Alternative forms

* ficel (Valverdeñu)

#### Verb

fel
* (Lagarteiru, Mañegu) to do, make

##### Related terms

* feitu (“done, fact”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel , from Vulgar Latin *felem.

#### Alternative forms

* fe (Lagarteiru)

#### Noun

fel f (uncountable)
* (Mañegu, Valverdeñu) bile

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɛl]

### Noun

fel m (plural feles)
* gall; bile
    Synonym: bile
* (figuratively) meanness
    Synonym: amargura

#### Derived terms

* fel da terra
* herba do fel

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “fel”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fel”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fel”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fel”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* föl

### Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *pide.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɛl]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛl

### Adverb

fel (comparative feljebb, superlative legfeljebb)
* up, upward, upwards (to a physically higher or more elevated position)
    Synonym: felfelé
    Antonyms: le, lefelé
    Coordinate terms: fent, fenn, (at a physically higher position) felül

#### Usage notes

This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fel-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fel-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.

#### Derived terms

* fel a fejjel
* fel s alá
    See the compound word derivations below, at the noun sense.

#### Related terms

* fellebbez

### Noun

fel (uncountable)
* (archaic) Alternative form of föl (“upper part, surface”)
    Synonyms: (upper part) felső rész, (surface) felület
* (rare, dialectal) Alternative form of föl (“skim (of the milk)”) or föl (“cream; the best part”)

#### Derived terms

* felettes
* felhang
* feljebb
* felperes
* felség
* felső
* felszín
* felület
* felvonás
* fenn
* tejfel

### Adjective

fel
* (obsolete, only in compounds) upper, higher
    Synonyms: felső, feljebbi, fentebbi, fentebb/feljebb/magasabban lévő

#### Derived terms

* felföld
* felház
* felvég
* felvidék

### References

* ↑ Entry #759 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ fel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* (up): fel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (skim, best part; rare, dialectal): fel , redirecting to standard (1): föl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (upper part): fel in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (“A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.

## Latin
### Etymology

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects. Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfel/, [ˈfɛɫ̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfel/, [ˈfɛl]

### Noun

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension
* gall bladder
* gall, bile
* poison
* bitterness, venom

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fel”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
* “fel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* fel in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French fel.

### Adjective

fel
* cruel, harsh
* evil
* terrible
* dangerous

#### Derived terms

* fellaert (“villain”)
* felheit, felleheit, felhede, fellede (“cruelty, malice”)
* fellike, fellijc, fellic, fellich, felleke (“cruely, maliciously, fiercely”)
** Dutch: fellijk (obsolete)
** ⇒ fellichheit, fellecheit (“wickedness, malice, injustice”)

#### Descendants

* Dutch: fel

### Adverb

fel
* maliciously

### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “fel”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Further reading

* “fel (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “fel (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Determiner

fel
* Alternative form of fele (“many”)

### Adverb

fel
* Alternative form of fele (“many”)

## Old English
### Noun

fel n
* Alternative form of fell

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* fels, feus, fal

### Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin fellō. The oblique case felon comes from the accusative fellōnem.

### Noun

fel m
* nominative singular of felon

### Adjective

fel m
* nominative singular of felon

#### Usage notes

In later Old French, fel was also used as the oblique case instead of felon. A feminine fele / felle also develops later on.

#### Descendants

* → Middle Dutch: fel
** Dutch: fel
* → Middle English: fel, fell (or from Old English)
** English: fell

### References

* ↑ Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (1. fel)
* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “fel”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸʲelʲ]

### Verb

fel
* Alternative form of fil

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel, from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɛw/ [ˈfɛʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfɛl/ [ˈfɛɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfɛl/ [ˈfɛɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈfɛ.li/
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw
* Hyphenation: fel

### Noun

fel m (plural féis or feles)
* sourness, acerbity, bitterness
    Synonym: azedume
* (figuratively) sorrow
    Synonym: amargura
* (medicine) gall; bile
    Synonyms: bile, bílis

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian -féle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfel/
* Rhymes: -el
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

fel n (plural feluri)
* sort, type, kind
    Synonyms: gen, tip
* manner, style, way
    În ce fel? ― In what way?
    În felul acesta. ― In this way.
    Nu e în felul lui să fie neprietenos. ― It’s unlike him to be unkind.
* course of a meal
    felul unu ― first course
    felul doi ― second course
    felul trei ― dessert

#### Derived terms

* astfel
* defel
* fel de fel
* într-un fel
* la fel

### References

* fel in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Swedish
### Etymology

See Norwegian feil and Danish fejl. Used in Swedish at least since 1527. For the adverb, the now obsolete form felt was the dominant written form until the mid 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /feːl/, [feə̯l]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːl

### Adjective

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)
* wrong, incorrect, erroneous
    Fel svar ger inga poängA wrong answer gives no points
    Det är fel att dödaKilling is wrong
    Vi gick fel vägWe went the wrong way
    Vi gick på fel bussWe got on the wrong bus

#### Declension

No inflected forms.

#### Antonyms

* rätt, korrekt

### Adverb

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)
* wrong, wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously
    Hon svarade fel på hälften av frågornaShe answered wrong on half of the questions
    Planen slog felThe plan failed
    Det gick felIt went wrong

#### See also

* galet
* på tok
* snett

### Noun

fel n
* (uncountable) wrong (incorrectness or moral wrongness), (sometimes, by rephrasing) a mistake
    Antonym: rätt
    Jag erkänner, jag gjorde felI admit, I made a mistake / I did wrong (can mean morally or otherwise)
    Han har felHe is wrong ("has wrong" – idiomatic)
* an error, a fault, a defect, a wrong
    Vi hittade flera fel i artikelnWe found several errors in the article
    Det är något fel på datornThere is something wrong with the computer
    Två fel gör inte ett rättTwo wrongs don't make a right (idiomatic)

#### Declension
### Derived terms

This list includes words based on the adverb (felcitera (“to cite erroneously”)) as well as the noun (felsöka (“to search for errors”)).
* dubbelfel
* fela
* felaktig
* felanalys
* felanmälan
* felanvänd
* felas
* felbar
* felbedöma
* felbehandla
* felberäkning
* felcitera
* feldatera
* feldosera
* feldrag
* felfinnare
* felfinneri
* felformulerad
* felfrekvens
* felfri
* felföra
* felgrepp
* felgräns
* felhandling
* felinformerad
* felinvestering
* felkalkyl
* felkonstruerad
* felkälla
* felläsning
* felmanöver
* felmarginal
* felmeddelande
* felmärkt
* felnavigering
* felparkerad
* felparkering
* felpass
* felpassning
* felplacerad
* felplanerad
* felprocent
* felprogrammerad
* felrikta
* felringning
* felräknad
* felräkning
* felsatsning
* felskrivning
* felslag
* felslagen
* felslut
* felspekulation
* felstava
* felsteg
* felställd
* felstämplad
* felsyn
* felsägning
* felsöka
* feltecknad
* feltolka
* feltryck
* felträff
* feltänkt
* felunderrättad
* felval
* felvisande
* felvänd
* felväxt
* felöversättning
* talfel
* trippelfel
* tryckfel
* översättningsfel

### References

* fel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* fel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* fel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Volapük
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fel/

### Noun

fel (nominative plural fels)
* field (general)

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* cögafeled
* felacepaglun
* felacepöp
* felaflor
* felalaud, Alauda arvensis
* felaludom
* felaluzul, Luzula campestris
* felamug
* felapijun
* felapop (Papaver rhoeas)
* felapopaflor
* felatüum, Thymus serpyllum
* felatüumaleül
* felazaär, Acer campestre
* feled
* feledam
* feledamanufed
* felem
* felik
* felio
* firnafel
* gladafel
* ini fel
* ribädafeled
* zefel

#### Related terms

* befeil
* befeilön
* besovön feilalänedi
* deteilacem vestibüla feilanadoma Dona-Saxänik
* farmadom feilanik
* feil
* feilafluk
* feilalän
* feilaläned
* feilalänedamied
* feilam
* feilan
* feilanasval
* feilanef
* feilanik
* feilans (cf. de: Landsleute)
* feilaplan
* feilaprod
* feilarolöm
* feilastum
* feilastumem
* feilav
* feilavan
* feilavik
* feilavob
* feilavoban
* feilavobanadom
* feilavobod
* feilid
* feilidacin
* feilidön
* feilik
* feilim
* feiliman
* feilimik
* feilän
* feilänem
* feiläns
* feilöf
* feilöfik
* feilön
* flukafeil
* gerafeilaläned
* grenafeilaglun
* hifeilan
* hifeilavan
* hipul feilanik
* humulafeilan
* jifeilan
* jifeilavan
* jipul feilanik
* lefeilan
* lelivafeilan
* lufeilan
* lufeilanadom
* säbefeil
* säbefeilaläned
* säbefeilik
* säbefeilön
* vitidafeil

#### See also

* betadaläned
* buidän
* grenaläned
* hodaläned
* humulaläned
* läned
* rapaläned
* risataläned
* trifülaläned
* vatamaläned

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃al, itself from Proto-Celtic *samalis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛl/
* Rhymes: -ɛl

### Preposition

fel
* as, like
** Nursery rhyme:
    Gwyn fel yr eira / Du fel y frân / Pinc fel y rhosyn / Coch fel y tân / Llwyd fel y wiwer / Melyn fel yr haul / Glas fel yr awyr / Gwyrdd fel y dail. / Dyna rai o'r lliwiau, / y lliwiau yn Gymraeg.
       White like the snow / Black like the crow / Pink like the rose / Red like the fire / Grey like the squirrel / Yellow like the sun / Blue like the sky / Green like the leaves. / Those are some of the colours, / the colours in Welsh.

#### Related terms

* hafal

### Adverb

fel
* (South Wales, colloquial) how
    Synonyms: fel, ffordd
    Fel ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny? ― How do you know that?

#### Related terms

* rhywfodd, rhywsut (“somehow”)

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “fel”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 51 vi