OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# pẫu
## Muong
### Etymology

Cognate with Vietnamese bậu. Compare also Tày pậu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəw⁴/

### Pronoun

pẫu
* (Mường Bi) they/them, other people in general

#### References

* Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)‎, Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội.
# 𐰴𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆𐰣
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *kuzgun (“raven”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (quzɣun, “raven”), Karakhanid قُزْغوُنْ (quzɣūn, “raven”), Turkish kuzgun (“raven”), Uzbek kuzg'un, Bashkir ҡоҙғон (qoźğon, “raven”), Tuvan кускун (kuskun).

### Noun

𐰴𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆𐰣 (quzɣun)
* raven
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 54
    𐰴𐰆𐰞:𐰽𐰉𐰃:𐰋𐰏𐰃𐰭𐰼𐰇:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰤𐰇𐰼:𐰴𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰽𐰉𐰃:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰏𐰼𐰇:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰺𐰆𐰺qul:sabï:begiŋerü:ötünür:quzɣun:sabï:teŋrigerü:yalbarurThe slave's words are a request to his master; the raven's words are a prayer to heaven.

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1993) “kuzgun”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 57
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kuzğu:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 682
# Geppert
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Geppert.

### Proper noun

Geppert (plural Gepperts)
* A surname from German.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Geppert is the 33530th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 680 individuals. Geppert is most common among White (96.03%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Geppert”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 32.

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Geppert.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡɛpɛrt]

### Proper noun

Geppert m anim (female equivalent Geppertová)
* a male surname from German

#### Declension
### References

* Beneš, Josef (2020) Německá příjmení u Čechů [German Surnames of Czechs] (in Czech), Prague: Agentura Pankrác, →ISBN, page 186

### Further reading

* “Geppert”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# fölé
## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* felé (dialectal, rare in this sense)
* fölébe, fölibe

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈføleː]
* Hyphenation: fö‧lé
* Rhymes: -leː

### Postposition

fölé
* to above, over (to a higher place)
    Synonym: (dialectal, rare in this sense) felé

#### Usage notes

This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fölé-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fölé-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.

#### Derived terms

* föléje

#### Related terms

* fölött
* fölül

### Pronoun

fölé
* Synonym of föléje.

#### Declension
### Noun

fölé (plural fölék)
* (education) plus (slightly better result than the preceding grade)
    Négyes fölét kaptam a dolgozatomra. ― I got a B-plus on my test.

#### Declension
### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian postpositions
$^1$ This group of adverbs is often understood for humans when in an emphatic position. In an unstressed position, they may also imply objects, always depending on context. $^2$ Adverbs ending in -á/-é may coincide with postpositions.

### Further reading

* (to above): fölé in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* fölé , redirecting to föléje in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# دوشیزه
## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭱𐭰𐭪 (dwšyck' /⁠dōšīzag⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [doː.ʃiːzeh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪oː.ʃiːzeʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪oː.ʃiːzeʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪oː.ʃiːze]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪u.ʃize]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪uː.ʃiːzeʱ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɵ.ʃizeʱ]

### Noun

دوشیزه • (dušizeh)
* virgin
* girl, damsel, maiden

#### Derived terms

* دوشیزگی (dušizegi, “virginity”)

#### References

* ↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 27
# 塌菜
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tācài
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ ㄘㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taap$^3$ coi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tācài
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tacài
*** Wade–Giles: tʻa$^1$-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: tā-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tatsay
*** Palladius: тацай (tacaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taap$^3$ coi$^3$
*** Yale: taap choi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taap$^8$ tsoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tab$^3$ coi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːp̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

### Noun

塌菜
* Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (syns. Brassica narinosa, Brasica rapa var. narinosa, Brassica rapa var. rosularis), an edible green vegetable known variously in English as tatsoi, spinach mustard, spoon mustard, or rosette bok choy.

### Further reading

* Tatsoi on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Brassica narinosa at Tropicos
* Brassica rapa var. rosularis at The Plant List
* 塌菜 at Brassibase

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 塌 | 菜 |
| たあ Hyōgai | つぁい Grade: 4 |
| irregular ||
From Mandarin 塌菜 (tācài).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ターツァイ [táꜜàtsàì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠ːt͡sa̠i]

#### Noun

塌菜(ターツァイ) • (tātsai)
* Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (syns. Brassica narinosa, Brasica rapa var. narinosa, Brassica rapa var. rosularis), an edible green vegetable known variously in English as tatsoi, spinach mustard, spoon mustard, or rosette bok choy

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 塌 | 菜 |
| たあ Hyōgai | さい Grade: 4 |
| irregular | on'yomi |
Shift in pronunciation from tātsai above, changing the tsa sound to sa in conformance with native Japanese phonetics.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ターサイ [táꜜàsàì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠ːsa̠i]

#### Noun

塌(たあ)菜(さい) or 塌菜(タアサイ) • (tāsai)
* Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa or Brassica rapa var. rosularis, an edible green vegetable known variously in English as tatsoi, spinach mustard, spoon mustard, or rosette bok choy

##### Usage notes

The tāsai reading fits into native Japanese phonetics, and may be more common among some speakers. Some sources suggest that the tātsai reading might be considered more correct.

### Further reading

* Brassica narinosa at Tropicos
* Brassica rapa var. rosularis at The Plant List
* 塌菜 at Brassibase

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# хториш
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Alternative forms

* хторишик (xtorišik)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak ktorýsi. By surface analysis, хтори (xtori) +‎ -ш (-š). Cognate with Polish któryś.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈxtɔriʃ]
* Rhymes: -ɔriʃ
* Hyphenation: хто‧риш

### Pronoun

хториш (xtoriš)
* (indefinite) some, any
    хториш дзень ― xtoriš dzenʹ ― the other day (literally, “some day”)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “хториш”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
# 壞す
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 壞
* こわ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 壞す – see the following entry. :
| 【壊こわす】 | [verb] to break, destroy, ruin, wreck (something) |
(This term, 壞す, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
# якиш
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Alternative forms

* якишик (jakišik)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak jakýs, jakýsi. By surface analysis, яки (jaki) +‎ -ш (-š). Cognates include Belarusian які́сь, які́сьці (jakísʹ, jakísʹci), Carpathian Rusyn якыйсь (jakŷjsʹ), Polish jakiś, Slovak akýsi and Ukrainian яки́йсь (jakýjsʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjakiʃ]
* Rhymes: -akiʃ
* Hyphenation: якиш

### Pronoun

якиш (jakiš)
* (indefinite) some, some kind of
    Synonyms: (more common) даяки (dajaki), дзеяки (dzejaki)
** 2024 November 3, С. Фейса, “Баланс медзи инструментами и фрушкогорским желєнїдлом”, in Руске Слово‎:Мой брат тиж єден страствени горяк и мнє наисце горяцтво якиш вентил, щиро, баржей ми одвитує як фитнес.Moj brat tiž jeden strastveni horjak i mnje naisce horjactvo jakiš ventil, ščiro, baržej mi odvituje jak fitnes.My brother is also a passionate mountaineer, and for me, really, mountaineering is a kind of vent, honestly, it suits me more like fitness.
* (indefinite) some, any, any kind of
    Synonyms: (more common) даяки (dajaki), дзеяки (dzejaki), койяки (kojjaki)

#### Usage notes

* Declined forms of яки (jaki) ending in a consonant are always suffixed with -шик (-šik), while the rest can be suffixed with either -ш (-š) or -шик (-šik).

#### Declension
### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “якиш”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
# ser de lo que no hay
## Spanish
### Verb

ser de lo que no hay (first-person singular present soy de lo que no hay, first-person singular preterite fui de lo que no hay, past participle sido de lo que no hay)
* (idiomatic) be like no other; be as ... as they come
** 1877, Benito Pérez Galdós, Gloria:Él por su parte merecía bien tantas atenciones, porque era de lo que no hay en punto a caballerosidad y cortesía.He, for his part, deserved so much attention, because he was one of a kind when it came to chivalry and courtesy.

#### See also

* si los hay
* como los hay

### Further reading

* “ser de lo que no hay”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# yabu o tsutsuite hebi o dasu
## Japanese
### Romanization

yabu o tsutsuite hebi o dasu
* Rōmaji transcription of やぶをつついてへびをだす
# yabuhebi
## Japanese
### Romanization

yabuhebi
* Rōmaji transcription of やぶへび
# Yapete
## Japanese
### Romanization

Yapete
* Rōmaji transcription of ヤペテ
# katopih
## Amis
### Noun

katopih
* bottle
# киречі
## Khakas
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic. Compare to Mongolian гэрч (gerč).

### Noun

киречі • (kireçì)
* witness

### See also

* танирга (tanirga, “to know”)
# orang suci
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of orang +‎ suci. Compare to Chinese 聖人／圣人 (sèng-jîn; sèng-lîn).

### Noun

orang suci (plural orang-orang suci)
* (Islam) Synonym of aulia
* (Catholicism) saint
    Synonyms: janasuci, orang kudus, santo, santa

### Further reading

* “orang suci” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# მოძრაობა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mod͡zɾaoba]
* Hyphenation: მოძ‧რა‧ო‧ბა

### Noun

მოძრაობა • (moʒraoba) (uncountable)
* motion, move, movement
* traffic
* social movement
* the ability to move, capacity for movement

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# qaynamaq
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *kayïna-, a derivation of Proto-Common Turkic *kań, *kïń.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡɑjnɑˈmɑχ]
* Hyphenation: qay‧na‧maq
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Verb

qaynamaq (intransitive)
* to boil
    su qaynayır ― the water is boiling
* to simmer, to bubble

#### Derived terms

* iki qoçun başı bir qazanda qaynamaz
* qaynaq
** qaynaqlamaq
* qaynar
** qaynar-qaynar
** qaynarlıq
* qaynaşmaq
** qaynaşma
* qaynatmaq
** qaynatdırmaq
*** qaynatdırma
** qaynatma

### References

* ↑ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 204-205

### Further reading

* “qaynamaq” in Obastan.com.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kạyïn-. Cognate to Kumyk къайнамакъ (qaynamaq), etc.

### Verb

qaynamaq
* to boil

### References

* https://classes.ru/all-crtatar/dictionary-crtatar-russian-cyr-term-6096.htm
# PLP
## English
### Noun

PLP (uncountable)
* Abbreviation of pyridoxal phosphate.

### Anagrams

* LPP, PPL, ppl, ppl.

## Chinese
### Etymology

Initialism of Hokkien 扶𡳞脬 (phô͘-lān-pha), which literally means "to fondle someone's scrotum", but figuratively means "to brownnose".

### Pronunciation

* (Mandarin) IPA: [pʰi⁵⁵ eɪ²¹ loʊ²¹ pʰi⁵⁵]

### Verb

PLP
* (Taiwanese Mandarin, euphemistic) to brownnose; to kiss up to
    From: 2004: Liu Jung (劉榮), Liberty Times: 連戰：鮑卿非口誤 是在傳訊息 (Lien Chan says that Colin Powell's statement was not a slip of the tongue, Powell was relaying a message.)
    Zhēnduì Bàowēi'ěr rìqián duì Táiwān de bù yǒushàn tánhuà, Lián Zhàn biǎoshì, “zhè bùshì Měiguó zài PLP Zhōnggòng ma?” [Pinyin]
    In reference to Colin Powell's recent unfriendly remarks towards Taiwan, Lien Chan said, "Isn't this just the U.S. kissing up to Beijing?

#### Usage notes

* The original word is considered too vulgar for polite company. Therefore, PLP is often used in its place (similar to the usage of "f-word" in English).

#### Related terms

* LP

#### See also

* (Mandarin) 拍馬屁／拍马屁 (pāi mǎpì)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.ˈɛl.pe/

### Noun

PLP (uncountable)
* (education) Initialism of pengenalan lapangan persekolahan.
# pride flag
## English
### Noun

pride flag (plural pride flags)
* (LGBTQ) The rainbow flag or variants of it.
** 1999, David Andrusia, Frommer's Gay & Lesbian Europe‎, page 18:Later that week, a group of smiling Czechs appeared on the cover of the Prague Post, with one of the supporters waving a pride flag over his head.
** 2008, Sarah Sentilles, A Church of Her Own: What Happens When a Woman Takes the Pulpit‎, page 203:Eve thought her church should fly a pride flag, the rainbow flag that has been a symbol of gay pride for decades.
** 2014 February 10, Marco Vigliotti, “Province shows its Olympic pride”, in Metro Saskatoon, page 1:Premier Brad Wall confirmed on Saturday that the pride flag would fly at the [Saskatchewan] legislature in a show of solidarity with LGBT activists in Russia.
* (LGBTQ) Any flag intended to represent a specific subset of the LGBT+ community.
** 2016, Faith Cheltenham, "The Case for Bisexuals at Pride", Mirror, Summer 2015, page 26:
    "It will be such an honor to ride with Woody [Glen] through the streets of Boston — wearing tiaras, of course — with the 45-foot bi pride ﬂag and dozens of bi community members behind us,” [Ellyn] Ruthstrom says.
** 2016, Trent Wilkie, "Trans Flag Raised At Leg", in "News Roundup", Vue Weekly, 24 November 2016 - 30 November 2016, page 5:
    The Trans Equality Society of Alberta (TESA) celebrated Alberta's first-ever formal raising of a trans pride flag at the Alberta Legislature […]
** 2019 September 25, Amy Qin, “Mob Lets Pride Fly In Baylor Show”, in The Rice Thresher, Rice University, Houston, TX, page 1:During the halftime show, students carried eight different pride flags onto the field, representing the asexual, transgender, nonbinary, intersex, gay, lesbian, bisexual and pansexual communities […]

#### See also

* Progress Pride flag
# 藪をつついて蛇を出す
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 藪 | 蛇 | 出 |
| やぶ Hyōgai | へび Grade: S | だ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |||
* Alternative spellings
* 薮をつついて蛇を出す 薮を突いて蛇を出す

### Etymology

Proverb consisting of 藪(やぶ) (yabu) + を (o) + つついて (tsutsuite, the conjunctive form of the verb 突(つつ)く (tsutsuku)) + 蛇(へび) (hebi) + を (o) + 出(だ)す (dasu), literally, “to poke the bush to let out the snake”.
Compare Chinese 打草驚蛇／打草惊蛇 (dǎcǎojīngshé)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠bɯ̟ o̞ t͡sɨt͡sɨite̞ he̞bʲi o̞ da̠sɨ]

### Proverb

藪(やぶ)をつついて蛇(へび)を出(だ)す • (yabu o tsutsuite hebi o dasu)
* (idiomatic) to stir up trouble for oneself, to stir up a hornets' nest

#### Derived terms

* 藪蛇(やぶへび) (yabuhebi)
# high-density lipoprotein
## English
### Noun

high-density lipoprotein (plural high-density lipoproteins)
* Any of a class of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol to the liver from other tissue; high levels may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease.

#### Synonyms

* HDL

#### Translations
### See also

* low-density lipoprotein
# vasculum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin vasculum (“small vessel”).

### Noun

vasculum (plural vasculums or vascula)
* A container used by botanists to store newly-collected samples.
** 1981, Gene Wolfe, chapter XIII, in The Claw of the Conciliator (The Book of the New Sun; 2), New York: Timescape, →ISBN, page 108:‘Here,’ Jonas said, and picked up a brass vasculum. Unscrewing the lid he emptied it of herbs […] .

## Latin
### Etymology

Diminutive from vās (“vessel”) +‎ -culum.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯aːs.ku.lum/, [ˈu̯äːs̠kʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvas.ku.lum/, [ˈväskulum]

### Noun

vāsculum n (genitive vāsculī); second declension
* A small vessel or container.
* A small beehive.
* (by extension) A seed-capsule or seed-vessel.
* (by extension) The calyx of a fruit.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* vāsculārius
* vāscellum
* vāsculāris

#### Related terms

* vās
* vāsārium
* vāsātus

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *vasca (from vāscula)
** Italian: vasca
* → English: vasculum
* → Italian: vascolo

### References

* “vasculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “vasculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "vasculum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* vasculum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# Oresund
## English
### Alternative forms

* Öresund
* Øresund

### Etymology

Borrowed from Danish Øresund, Swedish Öresund, from Old Norse Eyrarsund.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɜːsʊnd/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɝsʊnd/

### Proper noun

Oresund
* A strait in Northern Europe, which separates Denmark and Sweden.

#### Derived terms

* Oresund Bridge

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* undoers, re-sound, resound, Duerson, sounder, enduros, unsored
# მოწიფულობა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მოწიფული (moc̣ipuli) +‎ -ობა (-oba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mot͡sʼipʰuɫoba]
* Hyphenation: მო‧წი‧ფუ‧ლო‧ბა

### Noun

მოწიფულობა • (moc̣ipuloba) (uncountable)
* adulthood, manhood, virility

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# чарых
## Khakas
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *yaruq (“light”).

### Noun

чарых • (çarıx)
* light
# germ plasm
## English
### Alternative forms

* germ-plasm
* germplasm (in the sense "maintained seeds or tissues")

### Etymology

Calque of German Keimplasma. From circa 1892.

### Noun

germ plasm (uncountable)
* (biology, dated or historical) The cytoplasm of germ cells.
    Synonym: pole plasm
** 1893, August Weismann, translated by W. Newton Parker and Harriet Rönnfeldt, The Germ-plasm: A Theory of Heredity, Charles Scribner's Sons, page 183:If heredity depends on the presence of a substance, the germ-plasm, which causes the production of the new individual by directing the process of division in ontogeny, in the course of which it becomes changed in a regular manner, the question arises as to how unaltered germ-plasm can nevertheless reappear in the germ-cells of the new individual.
** 1951, Bradley M. Patten, Early Embryology of the Chick, 4th edition, The Blakiston Company, page 10:The germ plasm is of paramount interest, not only to the biologist but to all thinking persons, because while the somatic cells cease to exist with the death of the individual whose body they constitute, the germ plasm may live on indefinitely in succeeding generations.
** 2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 107:The eugenics movement […] placed the blame squarely on the degenerative germ plasm passed down from generation to generation, corrupting entire bloodlines.
** 2014, Eva Jablonka, Marion J. Lamb, Evolution in Four Dimensions, The MIT Press (Bradford Books), page 19,
    He$^{[Weismann]}$ reasoned that since the father's germ plasm in the sperm mixes with the mother's germ plasm in the egg, there are two mingled germ plasms in their offspring.
* Germplasm; seeds or tissues maintained for the purpose of animal or plant breeding, preservation or other research uses.
** 1976, Te-Tzu Chang, Manual on Genetic Conservation of Rice Germ Plasm for Evaluation and Utilization, International Rice Research Institute, page 56:Although the IRRI has taken on the global responsibility of conserving rice germ plasm, we find it necessary to enlist the collaboration of other international and national organizations in achieving the goals.

#### Usage notes

* The biology term relates to the obsolete germ plasm theory (Keimplasmatheorie), described in 1892 by German biologist August Weismann. Through his theory he rejected Lamarckism and proposed what came to be called the Weismann barrier: the principle that germ cells can influence somatic cells, but not vice versa. Weismann's theory was made obsolete by genetics, but the idea that changes acquired during an organism's life cannot affect its offspring is still broadly accepted, albeit within a framework of epigenetic variable expression contrasting with mendelian heredity.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* germ plasm on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* germplasm on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Weismann barrier on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# stage direction
## English
### Noun

stage direction (plural stage directions)
* An instruction given to an actor that tells the actor what should be done and in what manner to do it.
    Hyponyms: enter, exit, exeunt
    The stage direction given in the script said to walk forward and speak the line loudly.
** 2015, Hannah Bos, Paul Thureen, Jacuzzi, London: Samuel French, →ISBN, page Production note:In a few spots, where we've felt it was particularly important, we added stage directions indicating things like quick glances between Helene and Erik.

#### Related terms

* director
* stage business
* stage manager
* stage whisper
# 壊る
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 壊
* やぶ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 壞る (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 壊る – see the following entry. :
| 【破やぶる】 | [verb] break, destroy, tear [verb] break, violate, infringe [verb] defeat, beat [verb] (software) crack, break a password Alternative spelling 敗る |
(This term, 壊る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# kamila
## English
### Noun

kamila
* Alternative form of kamala (“dyestuff”)

### Anagrams

* kalmia, Kalami, makila, Malika, Kamali, kalima

## Amis
### Etymology

From Japanese カメラ (kamera).

### Noun

kamila
* camera

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal) and Hebrew גמל (gamál).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǎmila/
* Hyphenation: ka‧mi‧la

### Noun

kàmila f (Cyrillic spelling ка̀мила)
* camel
    Synonym: déva
# merluzas
## Portuguese
### Noun

merluzas
* plural of merluza

## Spanish
### Noun

merluzas f pl
* plural of merluza
# йосип босий
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Literally "Joseph the bare-footed". Euphemism of йоб (job).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɔsep ˈbɔsei̯]

### Interjection

йосип босий • (josyp bosyj)
* (minced oath, colloquial, euphemistic) for crying out loud! (expression of mild dismay or annoyance)
# მოწყობილობა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მოწყობილი (moc̣q̇obili) +‎ -ობა (-oba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mot͡sʼχʼobiɫoba]

### Noun

მოწყობილობა • (moc̣q̇obiloba) (plural მოწყობილობები)
* accessories, fitments, gadget

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.