# منشار
## Arabic
### Etymology

Tool noun from نَشَرَ (našara, “to spread; to saw”). Compare Hebrew מַסּוֹר (masór).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min.ʃaːr/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /mun.ʃaːr/, /man.ʃaːr/

### Noun

مِنْشَار • (minšār) m (plural مَنَاشِير (manāšīr))
* saw
* a spot where fruits like raisins or figs are spread to dry
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 16, page 666 line 3 et 5 a fine:ويضم الزبيب اليابس والتين اليابس من المنشار بالغدوات وهو بارد من هواء الليل ونداية وإن غطي الزبيب والتين وهما في المنشار بالليل قبل أن ينبا بحصر نظاف من بردي وشبهه وكشفا للشمس بالنهار أسرع لذلك يبسهما وكذلك إن فرشا في أرض مبورة(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 16, page 669 line 13:ويجمع التين إذا سقط في الأرض بعد تناهي نضجه ويفرش على رتم أو ديس يابس وييبس للشمس نعما ويترك إذا يبس ليلة منشورا للندى ويرفع من الغد فبل طلوع الشمس وفيه ندوة الليل وبرودة الهواء ويستر بعد ذلك عن الشمس ويتحفظ من الندى في البيوت وإن اختزن في ظروف فخار فيرفع من المنشار وفيه رطوبة يسيرة(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (obsolete) winnowing fan
    Synonym: مِنْسَف (minsaf)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: munxar
* → Azerbaijani: mişar
* Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: mişar
    → Central Kurdish: مِشار (mişar)
    → Southern Kurdish: مِشار (mişar)
* → Persian: منشار (menšâr)
* → Spanish: almijar
* → Ottoman Turkish: منشار (minşar)
** → Turkish: minşar
* → Portuguese: almanchar, manchar, almênchar, almanxar, almeixar, almeixiar, almixar, almaxar, almexar
* → Sicilian: Muxaru
** → Italian: Muxaro

#### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “منشار”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 671b
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “منشار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 280b
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “منشار”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1260a
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “منشار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2795b
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “منشار”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 1069
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “منشار”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 1133a
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “منشار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1274a

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِنْشَار (minšār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mun.ʃaːr/, /man.ʃaːr/

### Noun

مُنشار or مَنشار • (munšār or manšār) m (plural مناشر (mnāšar))
* saw

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِنْشَار (minšār, “saw; winnowing fan”).

### Noun

منشار • (minşar) (plural مناشیر (manaşir))
* saw, a tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances
    Synonyms: اره (erre), بچقی (bıçkı)
* winnowing fan, a basket in which grain is shaken in order to remove the chaff

#### Derived terms

* منشاری (minşari, “saw-like, serrated”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: minşar

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “minşar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3233
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “minşâr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 777
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “منشار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1233
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Serra”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1547
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “منشار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4961
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “منشار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2002

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِنْشَار (minšār).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [min.ˈʃɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɪn.ʃɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɪn.ʃɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɪn.ʃɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [min.ʃɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [men.ʃɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [min.ʃɔ́ɾ]

### Noun

منشار • (menšâr) (plural مناشیر (manâšir) or منشارها (menšâr-hâ))
* (rare) saw
    Synonym: اره (arre)
* (rare) winnowing fan
* (rare) sawfish (Pristidae spp.)
    Synonym: اره‌ماهی (arre-mâhi)

#### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “منشار”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Mo'in, Mohammad (1972) “منشار”, in Moeen Encyclopedic Dictionary [فرهنگ معین] (in Persian), Tehran: Amirkabir