# हीन
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हीन (hīna), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁-nós (“abandoned”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɦiːn/, [ɦĩːn]

### Adjective

हीन • (hīn) (indeclinable)
* bad, low, lesser; inferior
    हीन-भावना ― hīn-bhāvnā ― inferiority complex
* empty
    Synonym: खाली (khālī)
* lacking, deprived
* abandoned

#### Derived terms

* हीन- (hīn-)

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “हीन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit हीन (hīna). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘮𑘲𑘽𑘜𑘰 (hīṃṇā, “low, inferior”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦin/, [ɦiːn]

### Adjective

हीन • (hīn)
* bad, low, lesser; inferior
* deficient, defective, insufficient
    Synonym: न्यून (nyūn)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “हीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “हीन”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* হীন (Assamese script)
* ᬳᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
* হীন (Bengali script)
* 𑰮𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀳𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ဟီန (Burmese script)
* હીન (Gujarati script)
* ਹੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌹𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦲꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂯𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಹೀನ (Kannada script)
* ហីន (Khmer script)
* ຫີນ (Lao script)
* ഹീന (Malayalam script)
* ᡥᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘮𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠾᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧎𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐴𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
* ହୀନ (Odia script)
* ꢲꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆲𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖮𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
* හීන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪂𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚩𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
* ஹீந (Tamil script)
* హీన (Telugu script)
* หีน (Thai script)
* ཧཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒯𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨱𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁-nós (“abandoned”), from *ǵʰeh₁- (“to go, walk”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χῆρος (khêros, “empty, bereft”), Latin hērēs. Related to जहाति (jahāti).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦiː.nɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦiː.n̪ɐ/

### Adjective

हीन • (hīná) stem (root हा)
* abandoned, forsaken, left
* excluded from
* bereft or deprived of, free from, devoid of
* deficient, defective, insufficient

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* हीनयान (hīnayāna)
* विहीन (vihīna)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: হীন (hin)
* → Hindi: हीन (hīn)
* → Indonesian: hina
* → Kannada: ಹೀನ (hīna)
* → Malay: hina
* → Marathi: हीन (hīn)
* → Punjabi: ਹੀਣ (hīṇ)
* → Tamil: ஈனம் (īṉam), ஹீனம் (hīṉam)

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “HĀ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 813-4: “hīná- verlassen”

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “हीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1296/2.
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “hīna”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.