# 祭

| 祭 | U+796D, &#31085; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-796D |
| ← 祬 [U+796C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 祮 → [U+796E] |
| ㉀ | U+3240, &#12864; PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FESTIVAL |
| ← ㈿ [U+323F] | Enclosed CJK Letters and Months | ㉁ → [U+3241] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

In Japanese handwriting, the diagonals of the upper right component cross: the short upper-right to lower-left stroke crosses the long upper-left to lower-right stroke, rather than abutting there.

### Han character

祭 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月人一一火 (BOMMF), four-corner 2790$_1$, composition ⿱⿰𱼀⿺㇏㇇示)

#### Derived characters

* 傺 㗫 㡜 憏 摖 暩 漈 㻮 磜 䄞 穄 縩(𮉯) 䏅 際(际) 鰶(𬶭) 察 蔡 瘵
* 𠭫 𣘤 𪹥 𥉻 𧫕 𨄊 𨢵 𨝠/𨝋 𨶫 𡻰
* 𭏥 𬖴 𮢻 𮂤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 843, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24700
* Dae Jaweon: page 1263, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2397, character 7
* Unihan data for U+796D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 祭 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蔡 | *sʰlaːds |
| 瘵 | *ʔsreːds |
| 祭 | *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds |
| 際 | *ʔsleds |
| 穄 | *ʔsleds |
| 鰶 | *ʔsleds |
| 傺 | *hr'eds |
| 摖 | *sʰleːds |
| 擦 | *sʰlaːd |
| 攃 | *sʰlaːd, *saːd |
| 礤 | *sʰlaːd |
| 察 | *sʰreːd |
| 詧 | *sʰreːd, *sʰeːd |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): ⺼ (“meat”) + 又 (“hand”) + 示 (“altar, ceremony”) – the hand offers a piece of meat at the altar during a ceremony.
The top is not related to but may be corrupted to 癶 in calligraphy and handwriting; 癶 also served as the second-round simplified form of the component. The left part is ⺼ twisted to the left (compare 將, 然). The right part is a form of 又.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi
* Northern Min (KCR): ci̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): cié
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ze$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zai$^3$
*** Yale: jai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ji
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ji$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ci̿
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ze$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ca̤̍
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡se⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
*** Tâi-lô: tsè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit祭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡si⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡si³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡si⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ /t͡sei³⁵/ ～先人 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡si⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sei⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡si³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡se⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡si⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡si⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡si⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡si⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐi³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɐi³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɐi³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡se²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡si²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡si³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡si²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡si³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsjejH
Rime :
| Character | 祭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 子例切 |
| Baxter | tsjejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]et-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]et-s/ |
| English | sacrifice |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祭 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 5839 |
| Phonetic component | 祭 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 祭 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsleds/ |

#### Definitions

祭
* to make offerings to; to sacrifice to; to worship
* a ceremony where one offers sacrifices to one's ancestors

#### Compounds

* 丁祭
* 丁祭肉
* 上祭
* 主祭 (zhǔjì)
* 人祭 (rénjì)
* 公祭 (gōngjì)
* 別宮祭江 / 别宫祭江
* 喪祭 / 丧祭
* 墓祭 (mùjì)
* 大祭
* 大祭司
* 奠祭 (diànjì)
* 家祭
* 巷祭
* 弔祭 / 吊祭
* 忌祭
* 打牙祭 (dǎ yájì)
* 打祭
* 打祭銀 / 打祭银
* 打耳祭
* 拜祭 (bàijì)
* 旱祭
* 春祭 (chūnjì)
* 望祭
* 牙祭 (yájì)
* 獺祭 / 獭祭
* 獻祭 / 献祭 (xiànjì)
* 獺祭魚 / 獭祭鱼
* 瓜祭
* 生芻致祭 / 生刍致祭
* 矮靈祭 / 矮灵祭
* 祭丁
* 祭主
* 祭五臟廟 / 祭五脏庙
* 祭亡如在
* 祭享
* 祭儀 / 祭仪
* 祭典 (jìdiǎn)
* 祭司 (jìsī)
* 祭告 (jìgào)
* 祭品 (jìpǐn)
* 祭器 (jìqì)
* 祭堂 (jìtáng)
* 祭塔
* 祭墳 / 祭坟
* 祭壇 / 祭坛 (jìtán)
* 祭天 (jìtiān)
* 祭奠 (jìdiàn)
* 祭妹文
* 祭孔 (jìkǒng)
* 祭尸
* 祭弔 / 祭吊 (jìdiào)
* 祭弔文 / 祭吊文
* 祭悼
* 祭拜 (jìbài)
* 祭掃 / 祭扫
* 祭文 (jìwén)
* 祭旗 (jìqí)
* 祭月
* 祭服
* 祭東施娘 / 祭东施娘
* 祭桌
* 祭灶 (jìzào)
* 祭灶神
* 祭物 (jìwù)
* 祭獻 / 祭献 (jìxiàn)
* 祭王爺 / 祭王爷
* 祭祀 (jìsì)
* 祭祖 (jìzǔ)
* 祭神
* 祭禮 / 祭礼 (jìlǐ)
* 祭禱 / 祭祷
* 祭酒 (jìjiǔ)
* 祭酌
* 籩祭 / 笾祭
* 練祭 / 练祭
* 臘祭 / 腊祭
* 致祭 (zhìjì)
* 薦新祭 / 荐新祭
* 虞祭
* 蜡祭
* 血祭
* 豐年祭 / 丰年祭 (fēngniánjì)
* 路祭 (lùjì)
* 遙祭 / 遥祭
* 郊祭 (jiāojì)
* 野祭
* 野祭巷哭
* 陪祭
* 雪祭
* 雩祭 (yújì)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Zhài (Zhai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Cái
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): zê$^3$ / zi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Zhài
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jhài
*** Wade–Giles: Chai$^4$
*** Yale: Jài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jay
*** Palladius: Чжай (Čžaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaai$^3$
*** Yale: jaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːi̯³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Cái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zê$^3$ / zi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsè / tsì
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡se²¹³/, /t͡si²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tsreajH
Rime :
| Character | 祭 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 側界切 |
| Baxter | tsreajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts](ˤ)re[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祭 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts](ˁ)re[t]-s/ |
| English | (name of a state) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 5838 |
| Phonetic component | 祭 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瘵 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsreːds/ |

#### Definitions

祭
* (～國) Zhai (a state during the Spring and Autumn period (祭國))
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 祭遵布被

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02896
* (Min Nan) “祭”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “祭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* festival

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: はれ (hare)、まつる (matsuru, 祭る, Jōyō)、まつり (matsuri, 祭り, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 祭
* まつ(り) Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 祭 – see the following entry. :
| 【祭まつり】 | [noun] festival [noun] ceremonial |
(This term, 祭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

祭 • (je, chae) (hangeul 제, 채, revised je, chae, McCune–Reischauer che, ch'ae, Yale cey, chay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

祭: Hán Nôm readings: tế
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.