# 綱

| 綱 | U+7DB1, &#32177; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DB1 |
| ← 綰 [U+7DB0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 網 → [U+7DB2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

綱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火月廿山 (VFBTU), four-corner 2792$_0$, composition ⿰糹岡)

#### Derived characters

* 𮒔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 927, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27576
* Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3414, character 5
* Unihan data for U+7DB1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 岡 | *klaːŋ |
| 崗 | *klaːŋ |
| 剛 | *klaːŋ |
| 掆 | *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs |
| 鋼 | *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs |
| 綱 | *klaːŋ |
| 犅 | *klaːŋ |
| 堈 | *klaːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːŋ): semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāng (gang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kông
    (Hailu, HRS): gong$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gang
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$
*** Yale: gōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
*** Tâi-lô: kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
*** Tâi-lô: kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kang
Rime :
| Character | 綱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古郎切 |
| Baxter | kang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 綱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kang › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁaŋ/ |
| English | guiding rope of net |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 綱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3716 |
| Phonetic component | 岡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 岡 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

綱
* guiding principle
* essential part, key part
* program, outline
* (taxonomy) class
* (archaic) headrope, main rope of a fishing net

### Compounds

* 三綱 / 三纲 (sāngāng)
* 上綱上線 / 上纲上线 (shànggāngshàngxiàn)
* 三綱五常 / 三纲五常 (sāngāngwǔcháng)
* 三綱八目 / 三纲八目
* 乾綱 / 干纲
* 倍足綱 / 倍足纲
* 僧綱 / 僧纲
* 八綱 / 八纲
* 國統綱領 / 国统纲领
* 大綱 / 大纲 (dàgāng)
* 天綱 / 天纲
* 宏綱 / 宏纲
* 客綱客紀 / 客纲客纪
* 建國大綱 / 建国大纲
* 張綱埋輪 / 张纲埋轮
* 憲綱 / 宪纲
* 扶綱 / 扶纲
* 振領提綱 / 振领提纲
* 提綱 / 提纲 (tígāng)
* 提綱挈領 / 提纲挈领
* 握綱提領 / 握纲提领
* 擔綱 / 担纲 (dāngāng)
* 政綱 / 政纲 (zhènggāng)
* 斧足綱 / 斧足纲
* 昆蟲綱 / 昆虫纲
* 朝綱 / 朝纲 (cháogāng)
* 本草綱目 / 本草纲目 (Běncǎo Gāngmù)
* 橫綱 / 横纲 (hénggāng)
* 王綱 / 王纲 (wánggāng)
* 皇綱 / 皇纲 (huánggāng)
* 硬骨魚綱 / 硬骨鱼纲
* 紀綱 / 纪纲 (jìgāng)
* 綱佐 / 纲佐
* 綱宗 / 纲宗
* 綱常 / 纲常 (gāngcháng)
* 綱常倫紀 / 纲常伦纪
* 綱常掃地 / 纲常扫地
* 綱理 / 纲理
* 綱目 / 纲目 (gāngmù)
* 綱目不疏 / 纲目不疏
* 綱紀 / 纲纪 (gāngjì)
* 綱紀廢弛 / 纲纪废弛
* 綱維 / 纲维 (gāngwéi)
* 綱舉目張 / 纲举目张
* 綱要 / 纲要 (gāngyào)
* 綱運 / 纲运
* 綱鑑 / 纲鉴
* 綱領 / 纲领 (gānglǐng)
* 總綱 / 总纲 (zǒnggāng)
* 舉綱提領 / 举纲提领
* 花石綱 / 花石纲
* 茶綱 / 茶纲
* 蜘蛛綱 / 蜘蛛纲
* 軟骨魚綱 / 软骨鱼纲 (ruǎngǔyúgāng)
* 騾綱 / 骡纲
* 鹽綱 / 盐纲
* 黨綱 / 党纲 (dǎnggāng)

### See also

* 域 (yù)
* 界 (jiè)
* 門／门 (mén)
* 綱／纲 (gāng)
* 目 (mù)
* 科 (kē)
* 屬／属 (shǔ)
* 種／种 (zhǒng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* rope, cable
* genus, class

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: つな (tsuna, 綱, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 綱位(こうい) (kōi)
* 綱維(こうい) (kōi)
* 綱紀(こうき) (kōki)
* 綱常(こうじょう) (kōjō)
* 綱掌(こうしょう) (kōshō)
* 綱目(こうもく) (kōmoku)
* 綱要(こうよう) (kōyō)
* 綱領(こうりょう) (kōryō)
* 亜綱(あこう) (akō)
* 維綱(いこう) (ikō)
* 紀綱(きこう) (kikō)
* 漁綱(ぎょこう) (gyokō)
* 乾綱(けんこう) (kenkō)
* 五綱(ごこう) (gokō)
* 三綱(さんこう) (sankō)
* 三綱(さんごう) (sangō)
* 執綱(しっこう) (shikkō)
* 上綱(じょうこう) (jōkō)
* 政綱(せいこう) (seikō)
* 大綱(たいこう) (taikō)
* 党綱(とうこう) (tōkō)
* 要綱(ようこう) (yōkō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 綱
* つな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tuna.
First attested in the Harima Fudoki of 715 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つな [tsùnáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨna̠]

#### Noun

綱(つな) • (tsuna)
* rope
* tsuna; ceremonial sumo belt

##### Derived terms

* 繋(つな)ぐ (tsunagu)
* 綱(つな)具(ぐ) (tsunagu)
* 綱引(つなひ)き (tsunahiki)
* 綱渡(つなわた)り (tsunawatari)
* 飯綱(イイヅナ) (īzuna)
* 碇綱(いかりづな) (ikarizuna)
* 面綱(おもづな) (omozuna)
* 命綱(いのちつな) (inochitsuna)
* 手綱(たずな) (tazuna)
* 鼻綱(はなづな) (hanazuna)
* 引(ひ)き綱(づな) (hikizuna)
* 帆綱(ほづな) (hozuna)
* 物干(ものほ)し綱(つな) (monohoshitsuna)
* 舫(もや)い綱(づな) (moyaizuna)
* 横綱(よこづな) (yokozuna)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 綱
* こう Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 綱 (MC kang). Compare Korean 강 (gang).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ː]

#### Noun

綱(こう) • (kō)
* (taxonomy) class

##### Coordinate terms

* ドメイン (domein)
* 界(かい) (kai)
* 門(もん) (mon)
* 綱(こう) (kō)
* 目(もく) (moku)
* 科(か) (ka)
* 属(ぞく) (zoku)
* 種(しゅ) (shu)

### References

* ↑ “綱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

綱 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ちな (china)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuna, from Proto-Japonic *tuna. Cognate with Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna).

### Noun

綱(ちな) (china)
* rope

## Vietnamese
### Han character

綱: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cáng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.