# baka
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈbɑːkə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈbɑkə/
* Rhymes: -ɑːkə
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

baka (plural bakas or baka)
* (voodoo) An evil spirit in Haitian belief, often in the form of an animal.
** 1953, Maya Daren, The Divine Horsemen, McPherson & Company, published 2004, page 113:Under his sign the malevolent bocor may take the shape of an animal, and men may be transformed into terrible bakas.
** 1969, Milo Rigaud, Secrets of Voodoo, page 83:A person has only to serve the baka incorrectly to have it turn against its owner and do him irremediable harm by reason of the very duality of its composition.
** 2001, Jennie Marcelle Smith, When the Hands Are Many, page 77:Because a baka can destroy a family's (or even a whole neighborhood's) well-being, there is great interest in catching and destroying them.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 馬鹿(ばか) (baka, “stupid”).

#### Adjective

baka (comparative more baka, superlative most baka)
* (anime manga, fandom slang, endearing) Stupid, silly.

#### Noun

baka (plural bakas)
* (anime manga, fandom slang, endearing) A foolish person, a dummy, a silly goose.

##### Derived terms

* sussy baka

##### Related terms

* bakanae

### See also

* baka bomb

### Anagrams

* Ka'ba

## Anyi
### Noun

baka
* tree

### References

* Burmeister, Jonathan (1987) “Numbers before letters — Ivory Coast literacy program”, in G. Gagné, F. Daems, S. Kroon, J. Sturm and E. Tarrab, editors, Selected Papers in Mother Tongue Education / Études en pédagogie de la langue maternelle‎, Dordrecht, The Netherlands & Montréal, Canada: Foris Publications Holland; Centre de Diffusion P.P.M.F. primaire, Université de Montréal, →ISBN, page 23 of 19–25
* Wichmann, Søren, Eric W. Holman, and Cecil H. Brown (eds.). (2020). The ASJP Database (version 19).

### Further reading

* Burmeister, Jonathan L. (1983) “L’agni”, in Atlas des langues kwa de Côte d’Ivoire, volume 1, Paris & Abidjan: Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique (ACCT); Institut de Linguistique Appliquée (ILA), Université d’Abidjan
* Pyne, P. C. (1977) “Anyi”, in M. E. Kropp Dakubu, editor, West African language data sheets, volume 1, Legon, Ghana: West African Linguistic Society

## Asi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Bikol Central
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaka/ [ˈba.ka]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

#### Noun

báka (Basahan spelling ᜊᜃ)
* cattle; cow

#### See also

* toro

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bakáq. Compare Tagalog baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Ilocano baka.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbakaʔ/ [ˈba.kaʔ]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

#### Adverb

bakà (Basahan spelling ᜊᜃ)
* maybe; probably; perhaps; might
    Synonyms: tibaad, seguro

### References

* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*bakáq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Binukid
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

#### Noun

baka
* cow

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

bakà
* (anatomy) jaw

## Bolinao
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ba‧ka
* IPA: /ˈbaka/ [ˈba.kɐ]

### Noun

baka
* a cow; an adult female of the species Bos taurus that has calved
* any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves
* beef; the meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine

### Adjective

baka
* beef

### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:baka.

## Dibabawon Manobo
### Noun

bakà
* (anatomy) jaw

## Dupaningan Agta
### Adverb

baka
* perhaps; maybe

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛaːʰka/
* Rhymes: -ɛaːʰka
* Homophone: bakað

### Verb

baka (third person singular past indicative bakaði, third person plural past indicative bakað, supine bakað)
* to bake

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

## Fula
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

baka o
* (Pular) tunic, boubou, agbada

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

baka o (plural bakaaji ɗi)
* (Maasina) part, portion, share

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
* Richard Smith, Urs Niggli, Dictionnaire fulfulde - anglais - français, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2016.

## Hausa
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Duwai bak, Mwaghavul mbuka.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bà.káː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [bə̀.káː]

#### Noun

bàkā m (plural bakunkunā̀, possessed form bàkan)
* bow
* hacksaw
* catch of a lock

### Etymology 2

From baki.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bá.kà/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [bə́.kə̀]

#### Adverb

bakà
* in the mouth

## Hiligaynon
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

báka
* cow, bull, ox

#### Related terms

* kabakahan

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Probably a doublet of boka, via its former meaning of “boots”, expressing a booted soldier. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɒkɒ]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka
* Rhymes: -kɒ

### Noun

baka (plural bakák)
* (informal) soldier
    Synonym: katona

#### Declension
### Further reading

* baka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* baka in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Iban
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baka/
* Rhymes: -ka
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

### Conjunction

baka
* like, similar to

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaːka/
* Rhymes: -aːka

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of baka (“to bake”).

#### Noun

baka f (genitive singular böku, nominative plural bökur)
* pie

##### Derived terms

* kjötbaka

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.

#### Verb

baka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative bakaði, supine bakað)
* to bake

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Form of bak (“a back”).

#### Noun

baka n
* indefinite genitive plural of bak

## Ilocano
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ba‧ka
* IPA: /ˈbaka/

#### Noun

baka
* cow
* ox

##### Derived terms

* agbaka
* mamaka

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Philippine *bakáq. Compare Bikol Central baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Tagalog baka.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baka/ [bɐ.ka]
* (colloquial) IPA: /ˈbaka/ [ˈbɐ.ka]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

#### Adverb

baká
* maybe, perhaps, might be

### References

* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*bakáq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay baka, baqa, from Classical Malay باک (baka), بقاٴ (baqa), from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ, “remaining, lasting, enduring”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbaka/ [ˈba.ka]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ba‧ka

### Adjective

baka
* eternal
    Synonym: selamanya

### References

* “baka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

baka
* Rōmaji transcription of ばか
* Rōmaji transcription of バカ

## Javanese
### Romanization

baka
* Romanization of ꦧꦏ

## Kagayanen
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

baka
* (anatomy) chin

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

#### Noun

baka
* cow

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *b(i)āka.

### Noun

baka
* frog

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “baka”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Kavalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Kiput
### Etymology

From Proto-North Sarawak *bakas.

### Noun

baka
* wild boar

## Limos Kalinga
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* (Johor, Riau-Lingga) IPA: /ˈbakə/ [ˈba.kə]
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Adjective

baka (Jawi spelling باک)
* patriarchal, ruled by men
    sistem (kuasa) baka
       a patriarchal system

#### Antonyms

* saka

### Noun

baka (Jawi spelling باک, plural baka-baka, informal 1st possessive bakaku, 2nd possessive bakamu, 3rd possessive bakanya)
* stock, breed (of livestock)
    baka bercampurmixed breed.

### Further reading

* “baka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mansaka
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Masbatenyo
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

#### Noun

baka
* cow

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

bakâ
* bowlegged

## Northern Catanduanes Bicolano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* bakane

#### Noun

baka m or n
* definite neuter plural of bak

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse baka.

#### Alternative forms

* bake
* båkå, båkkå (dialectal)

#### Verb

baka (present tense bakar or baker, past tense baka or bakte, past participle baka or bakt, passive infinitive bakast, present participle bakande, imperative bak)
* to bake (something)

##### Derived terms

* bakebolle
* bakepapir
* bakepulver

##### Related terms

* bakar (noun)
* baking

### References

* “baka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit बक (baka, “heron”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ka/
* Rhymes: -ka
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

### Noun

baka
* heron

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦧꦏ (baka) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "baka" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-. Compare Old English bacan (English bake), Old Saxon bakkan (Low German backen), Dutch bakken, Old High German bahhan, backan (German backen).

### Verb

baka
* to bake

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: baka
* Faroese: baka
* Norn: båke
* Norwegian Nynorsk: baka
* Elfdalian: båkå
* Old Swedish: baka
** Swedish: baka
* Danish: bage
** Norwegian Bokmål: bake
* Old Gutnish: baka
** Gutnish: bake

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “baka”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-. Compare Old English bacan (English bake), Old Saxon bakkan (Low German backen), Dutch bakken, Old High German bahhan, backan (German backen).

### Verb

baka
* to bake

#### Descendants

* Swedish: baka

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀩𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* बक (Devanagari script)
* বক (Bengali script)
* බක (Sinhalese script)
* ဗက or ၿၵ (Burmese script)
* พก or พะกะ (Thai script)
* ᨻᨠ (Tai Tham script)
* ພກ or ພະກະ (Lao script)
* ពក (Khmer script)
* 𑄝𑄇 (Chakma script)

### Noun

baka m
* crane
* heron

#### Declension
## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese vaca and Spanish vaca and Kabuverdianu báka.

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.ka/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kociewie) IPA: /ˈba.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ba‧ka
* Homophone: Baka

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Bake.

#### Noun

baka f
* (navigation, nautical) seamark
    Synonym: stawa

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Backe.

#### Noun

baka f
* (Malbork) Synonym of policzek

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

baka m inan
* genitive singular of bak

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

baka
* third-person singular present of bakać

### Further reading

* baka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “baka”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 387

## Quechua
### Alternative forms

* waka (Cuzco-Collao)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.ka/
** (Ayacucho) IPA: [ˈba.ka]
** (Cuzco-Collao) IPA: [ˈwa.ka]

### Noun

baka
* cow

#### Declension
### References

Itier, César (2017) Diccionario quechua sureño-castellano (con un índice castellano-quechua) [Southern Quechua-Spanish Dictionary (with a Spanish-Quechua index)], Lima: Editorial Comentarios, →ISBN, page 230

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From earlier babka; compare bȁba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bǎːka/
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

### Noun

báka f (Cyrillic spelling ба́ка)
* (hypocoristic) grandmother, grandma
* (hypocoristic, regional) old woman

#### Declension
### References

* “baka”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Southern Catanduanes Bicolano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaka/, [ˈba̠ka̠], [ˈbɑ̟kɑ̟]

### Etymology 1

From English back.

#### Preposition

baka
* after
* behind

#### Adjective

baka
* back
    bakasey ― behind

#### Adverb

baka
* back, in return
* again

#### Noun

baka
* back

##### Derived terms

* bakabonyo (“backbone”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch bakken.

#### Verb

baka
* to bake, to fry

##### Derived terms

* bakabana

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَقَّعَ (baqqaʕa, “to stain”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-baka (infinitive kubaka)
* to molest, to rape
    Synonym: -najisi

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -baka :
| Positive present | -nabaka |
| Subjunctive | -bake |
| Negative | -baki |
| Imperative singular | baka |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kubaka |
| Negative | kutobaka |
Imperatives :
| Singular | baka |
| Plural | bakeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hubaka |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -libaka |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kubaka |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tabaka |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tabaka |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sibake |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngebaka |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singebaka |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalibaka |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalibaka |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mebaka |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshabaka |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jabaka |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kibaka |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipobaka |
| Consecutive | kabaka / positive subject concord + -kabaka |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kabake |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Augmentative: -bakua (“rob, plunder”)
** Passive: -bakwa
* Nominal derivations:
** mbakaji (“rapist”)
** ubakaji (“rape”)

### Noun

baka class V (plural mabaka class VI)
* mark on the body (like a scar or birthmark)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

baka (present bakar, preterite bakade, supine bakat, imperative baka)
* to bake; to cook in an oven.

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Derived terms

* bagare
* bageri
* baka in
* baka ut
* bakning

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* baca — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”), from Latin vacca.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈbaka/ [ˈbaː.xɐ]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ba‧ka

#### Noun

baka (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
* cattle; cow
* beef
    Synonym: karneng-baka

##### Derived terms

* baka-baka
* baka-bakahan
* bakahan
* bakareta
* batuk-baka
* gabaka
* kapong baka
* karneng-baka
* magbabaka
* matang-baka

##### Related terms

* Baka
* bakero
* bakuna

##### See also

* toro

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bakáq. Compare Bikol Central baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Ilocano baka.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /baˈkaʔ/ [bɐˈxaʔ], (nonstandard) /baˈka/ [bɐˈxa]
* Rhymes: -aʔ, (nonstandard) -a
* Syllabification: ba‧ka

#### Adverb

bakâ or baká (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
* maybe; probably
    Synonyms: marahil, maaari, posible
* might

##### Derived terms

* baka-sakali
* magbakasakali

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈbaka/ [ˈbaː.xɐ]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ba‧ka

#### Noun

baka (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
* declaration of war (against another nation)
    Synonyms: salakay, pagsalakay, lusob, paglusob
* campaign against something wrong or immoral
    Synonyms: laban, paglaban, pagbabaka
* verbal attack or assault
    Synonyms: tuligsa, pagtuligsa, atake, pag-atake

##### Derived terms

* bakahin
* kabaka
* kabakahin
* magbaka
* makibaka
* makipagbaka
* pagbabaka
* pakikibaka

### Further reading

* “baka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*bakáq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Anagrams

* kaba, akba

## Tausug
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /baka/ [baˈk̠ɑ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ba‧ka

### Noun

baka (Sulat Sūg spelling بَكَ)
* cow
    Synonym: sapi'

## Waray-Waray
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaka/, [ˈba.ka]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ka

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Yami
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow

## Yogad
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).

### Noun

baka
* cow