OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beg
## English
### Etymology

Various origins:
* As an Islamic (Indian subcontinent as Hindi बेग (beg)) and sometimes Serbo-Croatian surname, from the Turkish title beg, an older form of bey. See Bey; also compare Baig.
* Borrowed from Slovene Beg, from beg (“escape, getaway”).

### Proper noun

Beg (plural Begs)
* A surname from Hindi.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Beg is the 36099th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 621 individuals. Beg is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (71.82%) and White (18.04%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Beg”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126.

### Anagrams

* Geb, GBE, GEB, bge, Gbe

## Albanian
### Proper noun

Beg m
* a male given name
# caolchuid
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* caol-chuid (superseded)

### Etymology

From caol (“narrow, slender”) +‎ cuid (“portion”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈkeːl̪ˠˌxɪdʲ/

### Noun

caolchuid f (genitive singular caolchoda)
* lesser part

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
caolchuid
vocative
a chaolchuid
genitive
caolchoda
dative
caolchuid
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an chaolchuid
genitive
na caolchoda
dative
leis an gcaolchuid don chaolchuid :

#### Derived terms

* ar an gcaolchuid (“in needy circumstances, in want”)
* le caolchuid (“on sufferance”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 222, page 113

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “caol”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 115
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “caolchuid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# czeszesz
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʂɛ.ʂɛʂ/
* Rhymes: -ɛʂɛʂ
* Syllabification: cze‧szesz

### Verb

czeszesz
* second-person singular present of czesać
# كیرج
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* كرج (kirec), كرچ (kireç), كیرچ (kireç)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian گرچ (gerač, “lime”), from Aramaic גִּירָא (gīrā), from Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (gīru, kīru, “kiln”), ultimately from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “kiln”).

### Noun

كیرج • (kirec) (definite accusative كیرجی (kireci), plural كیرجلر (kirecler))
* (chemistry) lime, any inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides used as a building material

#### Derived terms

* سونمش كیرج (sönmiş kirec, “slaked lime”)
* سونمه‌مش كیرج (sönmemiş kirec, “quicklime”)
* كیرج اوجاغی (kirec ocağı, “limestone quarry”)
* كیرج اولمق (kirec olmak, “to become as pale as lime”)
* كیرج سودی (kirec südü, “milk of lime”)
* كیرج سوندرمك (kirec sündürmek, “to slack lime”)
* كیرج طاشی (kirec taşı, “limestone”)
* كیرج كبی (kirec gibi, “deathly pale”)
* كیرج یاقمق (kirec yakmak, “to burn lime”)
* كیرججی (kirecci, “limeburner”)
* كیرجخانه (kirechâne, “lime depot”)
* كیرجلو (kirecli, “containing lime”)
* مرمر كیرجی (mermer kireği, “plaster”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kireç
* → Albanian: qereç
* → Bulgarian: кире́ч (kiréč)
* → Laz: ქერეჭი (kereç̌i)
* → Macedonian: креч (kreč)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: кре̏ч
    Latin script: krȅč

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “كیرج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 686
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kireç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2680
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “كرج”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 386b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كیرج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1066
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Calx”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 138
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كرج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3906
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kireç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كیرج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1610
# kauaiensia
## Latin
### Adjective

ka͡uaiēnsia
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of ka͡uaiēnsis
# Toscano
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Toscano.

### Proper noun

Toscano (plural Toscanos)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Toscano is the 3807th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 9301 individuals. Toscano is most common among Hispanic/Latino (61.18%) and White (37.06%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Toscano”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

## Italian
### Etymology

From toscano (“Tuscan”), an ethnic surname.

### Proper noun

Toscano m or f by sense
* a surname originating as an ethnonym

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# tachtigste
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* 80e, 80ste

### Etymology

From tachtig +‎ -ste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɑx.təx.stə/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

tachtigste (not comparable)
* eightieth
# žlutému
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʒlutɛːmu]

### Adjective

žlutému
* dative masculine/neuter singular of žlutý
# rudým
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrudiːm]

### Adjective

rudým
* inflection of rudý:
** instrumental masculine/neuter singular
** dative plural
# rudých
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrudiːx]

### Adjective

rudých
* genitive/locative plural of rudý
# rudými
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrudiːmɪ]

### Adjective

rudými
* instrumental plural of rudý
# vz
## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъz.

### Preposition

vz
* above, on, against [with accusative]
    vz dľu ― in length
    vz viecu ― in size
    vz dáľu ― from afar
    vz hóru ― in height
    Úsilno sě vz vodu bráti. ― It's hard to go against the stream.

#### Related terms

* vz-

### References

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “vz”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Preposition

vz (Cyrillic spelling вз)
* Obsolete form of uz.
# cas ar
## Irish
### Verb

cas ar (present analytic casann ar, future analytic casfaidh ar, verbal noun casadh ar, past participle casta ar)
* to meet, meet with

#### Conjugation

* Alternative verbal noun: castáil ar (Cois Fharraige)

#### Quotations

* 1988, Mícheál Ó Siadhail, Lesson 19, in Learning Irish (overall work in English), Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 101:Uaireanta, bíonn an dream óg thiar ansin ag damhsa nó ag imirt chártaí, nó díreach ag castáil ar a chéile.Sometimes the young crowd are back there dancing or playing cards or just meeting each other.

#### Synonyms

* cas do
* cas le

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# ucho zewnętrzne
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “outer ear”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈu.xɔ zɛvˈnɛntʂ.nɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: u‧cho zew‧nętrz‧ne

### Noun

ucho zewnętrzne n
* (anatomy) outer ear (outer portion of the ear which includes the auricle/pinna and the ear canal, and leads to the eardrum)
    Coordinate terms: ucho środkowe, ucho wewnętrzne

#### Declension
### Further reading

* ucho zewnętrzne in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ucho zewnętrzne in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# کفگیر
## Persian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kaf.ɡiːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäf.ɡiːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäf.ɡiːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰäf.ɡiːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰäf.ɡiɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæf.ɡʲiːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰäf.ɡiɾ]

### Noun

کفگیر • (kafgir)
* spatula

#### Related terms

* کف (kaf)
* گرفتن (gereftan)

#### Descendants

* → South Levantine Arabic: كفكير (kafkīr), كفكيرة (kafkīre)
* → Armenian: քափկիր (kʻapʻkir)
* → Azerbaijani: kəfgir
* → Bengali: কাফগীর (kafgīr)
* → Georgian: ქაფქირი (kapkiri)
* → Ottoman Turkish: كفكیر (kefgir), كوكیر (kevgir)
** Turkish: kevgir
** → Albanian: qepgjir
** → Crimean Tatar: kevgir
** → Bulgarian: гевгир (gevgir)
** → Macedonian: ѓевгир (ǵevgir)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ђевђир
    Latin script: đevđir
# کشمیری
## Persian
### Etymology

From کشمیر (kašmir, “Kashmir”) +‎ ـی (-i, suffix forming adjectives).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kaʃ.miː.ˈɾiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäʃ.miː.ɾíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäʃ.miː.ɾíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰäʃ.miː.ɾíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰäʃ.mi.ɾí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæʃ.miː.ɹíː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰäʃ.mi.ɾí]

### Adjective

کشمیری • (kašmiri)
* Kashmiri (of or pertaining to Kashmir)

### Noun

کشمیری • (kašmiri)
* Kashmiri (person)

### Proper noun

کشمیری • (kašmiri)
* Kashmiri (language)
# נטר
## Aramaic
### Verb

נְטַר • (nəṭar)
* to guard, to protect, to keep
* to wait, to observe

## Hebrew
### Etymology

Cognate with Arabic نَطَرَ (naṭara) and Aramaic נְטַר (nəṭar).

### Verb

נָטַר • (natár) (pa'al construction, future יטור / יִטֹּר or ינטור / יִנְטֹר, passive counterpart נוטר / נֻטַּר)
* (Biblical Hebrew, transitive) to guard (chiefly vineyards)
** Tanach, Song of Songs 1:6, with translation of the English Standard Version:[…] בְּנֵי אִמִּי נִחֲרוּ־בִי שָׂמֻנִי נֹטֵרָה אֶת־הַכְּרָמִים כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי לֹא נָטָרְתִּי׃bəne ʔimmi niḥăru-ḇi śɔmúni noṭerɔ ʔɛṯ-hakkərɔmim karmi šɛlli loʔ nɔṭɔ́rtiMy mother’s sons were angry with me; they made me keeper of the vineyards, but my own vineyard I have not kept!
** Tanach, Song of Songs 8:11, with translation of the New International Version:כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִשְׁלֹמֹה בְּבַעַל הָמוֹן נָתַן אֶת־הַכֶּרֶם לַנֹּטְרִים אִישׁ יָבִא בְּפִרְיוֹ אֶלֶף כָּֽסֶף׃kɛ́rɛm hɔyɔ liŠlomo bəḆaʕal Hɔmon nɔṯan ʔɛṯ-hakkɛ́rɛm lannoṭrim ʔiš yɔḇiʔ bəp̄iryo ʔɛ́lɛf kɔ́sɛp̄Solomon had a vineyard at Baal-hamon; he let out the vineyard to keepers; each one was to bring for its fruit a thousand pieces of silver.
* (intransitive) to cherish anger, to bear a grudge [with לְ־]

#### Conjugation
### References

* H5201 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
# Virginia rail
## English
### Noun

Virginia rail (plural Virginia rails)
* A small waterbird in the family Rallidae, Rallus limicola.

#### Translations
### References

* Virginia rail on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Rallus limicola on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Rallus limicola on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
# Adayes
## English
### Proper noun

Adayes
* Los Adaes
** 1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, →OCLC, (please specify either |part=I or II):at the little inn of the Spanish town of Adayes, Weary and worn, they alighted
# Tagalog putig itlog, nalumos tagaliog
## Cebuano
### Etymology

By rhyming. Literally, “cowardly Tagalog, drowned in neckdeep water”.

### Phrase

Tagalog putig itlog, na lumos tagaliog
* (humorous, derogatory) a Tagalog
# 一甲子
## Chinese

* A user has added this entry to requests for deletion.
* Please see that page for discussion and justifications. You may continue to edit this entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yījiǎzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄧ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jat$^1$ gaap$^3$ zi$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yit kap-chṳ́
    (Hailu, HRS): rhid gab zii$^ˊ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chi̍t kah-chí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yījiǎzǐ [Phonetic: yìjiázǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yijiǎzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: i$^1$-chia$^3$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: yī-jyǎ-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ijeatzyy
*** Palladius: ицзяцзы (iczjaczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jat$^1$ gaap$^3$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: yāt gaap jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jat$^7$ gaap$^8$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yed$^1$ gab$^3$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐt̚⁵ kaːp̚³ t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit kap-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: id$^ˋ$ gab$^ˋ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yid$^5$ gab$^5$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /it̚² kap̚² t͡sɨ³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit kap-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)id$^ˋ$ gab$^ˋ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yid$^5$ gab$^5$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚² kap̚² t͡sɨ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhid gab zii$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒit⁵⁻² kap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t kah-chí
*** Tâi-lô: tsi̍t kah-tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cit kahcie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² ka(ʔ)⁵ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

### Noun

一甲子
* sixty years
# rerataan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed rerata +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /rəraˈtaan/ [rə.raˈt̪a.an]
* Rhymes: -aan
* Syllabification: re‧ra‧ta‧an

### Noun

rerataan (plural rerataan-rerataan)
* (statistics) averaging

### Further reading

* “rerataan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# কুড়ি
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* ২০ (20)

### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀺 (*koḍi), a borrowing from Munda, the same source for Sanskrit कोटि (koṭi), whence কোটি (kōṭi). Compare Odia କୋଡ଼ିଏ (koṛie).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /kuɽi/, [ˈkuɽiˑ], /kuɾi/, [ˈkuɾiˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /kuɹi/, [ˈkuɹiˑ]

### Numeral

কুড়ি • (kuṛi)
* twenty
    Synonym: বিশ (biś)
# საფრანგეთის მეორე იმპერია
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sapʰɾaŋɡetʰis meoɾe impʼeɾia]
* Hyphenation: საფ‧რან‧გე‧თის მე‧ო‧რე იმ‧პე‧რია

### Proper noun

საფრანგეთის მეორე იმპერია • (saprangetis meore imṗeria)
* (historical) Second French Empire
# Олімпіада
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Ὄλῠμπος (Ólŭmpos, “Mount Olympus”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɔlʲimpʲiˈadɐ]

### Proper noun

Олімпіа́да • (Olimpiáda) f pers (genitive Олімпіа́ди, nominative plural Олімпіа́ди, genitive plural Олімпіа́д, relational adjective Олімпіа́дин)
* a female given name, Olimpiada, from Ancient Greek

#### Declension
### References

* “Олімпіада”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# splining machine
## English
### Noun

splining machine (plural splining machines)
* A machine tool for cutting grooves, key seats, or slots; a slotting machine.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “splining machine”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# Coupland
## English
### Etymology

From Old Norse kaupa (“to buy”) + land (“land”).

### Proper noun

Coupland (countable and uncountable, plural Couplands)
* (uncountable) A placename:
** A small village in Warcop parish, Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, previously in Eden district (OS grid ref NY7118).
** A small village and castle in Ewart parish, Northumberland, England (OS grid ref NT9331).
** A small city in Williamson County, Texas, United States.
* (countable) A habitational surname from Old Norse.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Coupland is the 40494th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 540 individuals. Coupland is most common among White (92.78%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Coupland”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 376.
# Simplon-Pass
## German
### Noun

Simplon-Pass m (strong, genitive Simplon-Passes, no plural)
* Alternative spelling of Simplonpass

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.
# 拉尼娜
## Chinese
### Etymology

From Spanish La Niña.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Lānínà
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄋㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laai$^1$ nei$^4$ naa$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lānínà
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄋㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lanínà
*** Wade–Giles: La$^1$-ni$^2$-na$^4$
*** Yale: Lā-ní-nà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lhaninah
*** Palladius: Ланина (Lanina)
*** Sinological IPA : /lä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ nä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laai$^1$ nei$^4$ naa$^4$
*** Yale: lāai nèih nàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laai$^1$ nei$^4$ naa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lai$^1$ néi$^4$ na$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ naː²¹/

### Noun

拉尼娜
* (～現象) (chiefly Mainland China) La Niña

#### Synonyms

* 反聖嬰／反圣婴 (Taiwan)
# worldbuilding
## English
### Alternative forms

* world-building, world building

### Etymology

From world +‎ building.

### Noun

worldbuilding (uncountable)
* (fiction) The conception and description of a fictional world, often as the setting of a work of fiction, particularly in speculative fiction.
** 2013 February 8, Charlie Jane Anders, “7 Deadly Sins of Worldbuilding”, in io9‎, archived from the original on 25 November 2016:The purpose of worldbuilding isn't just to do a cool exercise, but to give a sense of place — and all of your thought experiments absolutely have to result in something vivid and alive.
** 2015 May 20, Natasha Pulley, “Fantasy cannot build its imaginary worlds in short fiction”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:High fantasy of the George RR Martin kind hinges on world-building. When there really is a whole world to build, and not just a historical period or a particular country, world-building does not take a few paragraphs in a short story; it takes chapters.
* (obsolete) Scientific research into the creation of the Earth and its geological features.
* (obsolete) The world of imagination of novelists, poets, etc.

#### Synonyms

* conworlding
* geofiction

#### Coordinate terms

* worldbreaking
* worldmaking

#### Translations
### References

* “What is 'World-Building'? And how do you spell it?”, in Merriam-Webster‎, 2016
# sampel total
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of sampel +‎ total.

### Noun

sampel total (plural sampel-sampel total)
* (statistics) total sample: the total number of participants or observations in a research study.

### Further reading

* “sampel total” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# لبان
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lu.baːn/
* (al-Andalus) IPA: /law.baːn/

#### Noun

لُبَان • (lubān) m
* olibanum, frankincense
* any kind of gum or resin
* chewing gum

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

لِبَان • (libān) m pl
* plural of لَبَن (laban)

#### Adjective

لِبَان • (libān) m pl
* masculine plural of لَبَن (laban)

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic لُبَان (lubān).

#### Noun

لبان • (libān) m (collective, singulative لبانة f (libāna))
* olibanum; frankincense
* any kind of gum or resin
* chewing gum
    Synonym: أستيكة (astīka)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Coptic ⲗⲉⲃⲁⲛ (leban).

#### Noun

لبان • (libān) m (plural لبن (lubun))
* cable of a ship, tow, hawser

### References

* Bishai, Wilson B. (1964) “Coptic Lexical Influence on Egyptian Arabic”, in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, volume 23, number 1, →DOI, page 43b
* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 779b

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic لُبَان (lubān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lu.ˈbaːn/, [lʊ.ˈbaːn]

### Noun

لُبَان • (lubān) m (collective)
* chewing gum
# 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢
## Ashokan Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit महामात्र (mahāmātra, “chief, best”), from महा- (mahā-) +‎ मात्रा (mātrā).

### Noun

𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta /mahāmātta/) m
* mahāmātra, official, administrator
** c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.1:𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀁𑀡𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀻𑀢𑁂 𑀅𑀬𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 𑀘 𑀯𑀘𑀦𑁂𑀦 𑀇𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀲𑀺 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸 𑀆𑀭𑁄𑀕𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀢𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀸 𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 𑀘 𑀯𑀢𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀸suvaṃṇagirīte ayaputasa mahāmātāṇaṃ ca vacanena isilasi mahāmātā ārogiyaṃ vataviyā hevaṃ ca vataviyā1997 translation by Romila ThaparFrom Suvarnagiri, on the order of his Highness the Prince, and the officers: good health to the officers of Isila who are to be instructed thus.

#### Alternative forms

Attested at Brahmagiri, Dhauli, Jatinga-Rameshwara, Jaugada, Kalsi and Siddapura.
Dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (“official”) :
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) | |
| East | Dhauli | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) | |
| East | Jaugada | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) | |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨨𐨱𐨨𐨟𐨿𐨪 (mahamatra) | |
| Northwest | Mansehra | 𐨨𐨱𐨨𐨟𐨿𐨪 (mahamatra) | |
| West | Girnar | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁆𑀭 (mahāmātra) | |
| South | Siddapura | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸 nom.pl (mahāmātā), 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 gen.pl (mahāmātāṇaṃ) |
| South | Brahmagiri | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸 nom.pl (mahāmātā), 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 gen.pl (mahāmātāṇaṃ) |
| South | Jatinga-Rameshwara | 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) | $^?$𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 gen.pl (mahāmātāṇaṃ) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (“official”) :
* 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢 (mahāmāta) (8) 𐨨𐨱𐨨𐨟𐨿𐨪 (mahamatra) (2) 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁆𑀭 (mahāmātra) (1)

#### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mahāmatta, “elephant-driver”) (see there for further descendants)

### References

* Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) “mahāmāta-”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aśoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 163
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mahāmātra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 572
# महा-
## Hindi
### Prefix

महा- • (mahā-)
* great, big
* massive
* divine

#### Derived terms
## Marathi
### Prefix

महा- • (mahā-)
* great, big
* massive

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মহা- (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬳᬵ- (Balinese script)
* মহা- (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰮𑰯- (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀳𑀸- (Brahmi script)
* မဟာ- (Burmese script)
* મહા- (Gujarati script)
* ਮਹਾ- (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌹𑌾- (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦲꦴ- (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂯𑂰- (Kaithi script)
* ಮಹಾ- (Kannada script)
* មហា- (Khmer script)
* ມຫາ- (Lao script)
* മഹാ- (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᠠᡥᠠ᠎᠊ᠠ᠊ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘮𑘰- (Modi script)
* ᠮᠠᠾᠠᢗ᠊ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧎𑧑- (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐴𑐵- (Newa script)
* ମହା- (Odia script)
* ꢪꢲꢵ- (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆲𑆳- (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖮𑖯- (Siddham script)
* මහා- (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑪂𑩛- (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚩𑚭- (Takri script)
* மஹா- (Tamil script)
* మహా- (Telugu script)
* มหา- (Thai script)
* མ་ཧཱ- (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒯𑒰- (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨱𑨊- (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *maȷ́ʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mɐ.ɦɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /mɐ.ɦɑː/

### Adjective

महा- • (mahā-)
* Combining form of महत् (mahát)