# pur
## English
### Noun

pur (plural purs)
* Dated form of purr (“low murmuring sound as of a cat”).
** 1895, Jacob Mendes Da Costa, Medical diagnosis, page 294:The first — called by Laennec, from its resemblance to the pur of a cat, the purring tremor — is nearly always indicative of a valvular lesion. The second is caused by the to-and-fro motion of a roughened pericardium.

### Verb

pur (third-person singular simple present purs, present participle purring, simple past and past participle purred)
* Dated form of purr
** a. 1828, John Gardiner Calkins Brainard, On Connecticut River
    And there the wild-cat purs amid her brood.
** 1840, The Visitor: Or, Monthly Instructor, page 182:It appears to me, past all doubt, that its [the goatsucker's] notes are formed by organic impulse, by the parts of its windpipe formed for sound, just as cats pur.

### See also

* life estate pur autre vie
* pur sang

### Anagrams

* PRU, RUP, U-RP, urp, Pru

## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* pour, pür
* Puur

### Etymology

From Middle High German būre, gibūre, from Old High German gibūro, from būr (“peasant”). Cognate with German Bauer, Dutch buur, English bower.

### Noun

pur m
* (Gressoney, Carcoforo) farmer

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pur, from Latin pūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpur]
* Rhymes: -uɾ

### Adjective

pur (feminine pura, masculine plural purs, feminine plural pures)
* pure
* not contaminated
* innocent
* authentic, genuine

#### Antonyms

* impur

#### Derived terms

* purament
* puresa
* puritat

### References

* “pur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “pur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Etymology

From Latin pūrus (“pure”)

### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: /pyːr/
* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: /piːr/

### Adjective

pur
* pure, absolute

### Adverb

pur (triggers soft mutation)
* very

### Mutation
## Cypriot Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بُور (būr).

### Adjective

pur
* fallow, uncultivated

### References

* Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 168

## Dalmatian

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification with the reason: “Citation form is glossed as an infinitive ('to appear') yet derives from a 3SG Latin form? Altform also needs verification; changed from puor to puar by random IP.”
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### Alternative forms

* puar

### Etymology

From Latin pāret, third person singular present active indicative of pareō.

### Verb

pur
* to appear

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French pur, from Old French pur, from Latin pūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pyʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -yʁ
* Homophones: pure, purent, pures, purs

### Adjective

pur (feminine pure, masculine plural purs, feminine plural pures)
* pure (unspoilt)
* pure (undiluted)

#### Derived terms

* apurement
* apurer
* corps pur
* en pure perte
* épurateur
* épuration
* épure
* épuré
* épurer
* imaginaire pur
* impur
* impurement
* impureté
* pur et dur
* pur et simple
* pur jus
* pur sucre
* pure laine
* purement
* pureté
* purisme
* puriste

### Further reading

* “pur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Etymology

From Late Middle High German pūr (14th c.), from Latin pūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /puːr/, [pu(ː)ɐ̯]
* Rhymes: -uːɐ̯
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

pur (strong nominative masculine singular purer, comparative purer, superlative am pursten)
* pure, mere, sheer (nothing other than)
    Synonyms: rein, blank, bloß, schier
    Die pure Verzweiflung hat ihn dazu getrieben.It was pure despair that drove him into it.
    Köstliche Häppchen und erstklassiger Wein sorgten für Genuss pur.Delicious snacks and first-class wine ensured pure, unadulterated pleasure.
* pure (not mixed with another ingredient)
    Synonyms: rein, unverdünnt, unvermischt
    Er trinkt puren Wodka.He drinks pure vodka.
    Er trinkt Wodka pur.He drinks vodka straight.
* (rare) pure (not polluted or sullied)
    Synonyms: rein, sauber, schadstofffrei, unverdorben

#### Usage notes

* As a more flexible equivalent for English pure use the adjective rein, especially in moral and other figurative senses.
* Due to the semantic constraints, the compared forms, especially the comparative purer, are infrequent.
* Pur may at times be postpositioned, especially when the noun has no article or determiner with it. This use has been generalised from the context of food and drink, where it is also found with some other adjectives (e.g. Kaffee schwarz for schwarzer Kaffee).

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pur” in Duden online
* “pur” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Interlingua
### Adjective

pur (comparative plus pur, superlative le plus pur)
* pure

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpur/
* Rhymes: -ur
* Hyphenation: pùr

### Adverb

pur (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of pure

### Conjunction

pur (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of pure

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French pur, from Latin pūrus.

### Adjective

pur m
* (Jersey) pure

#### Derived terms

* êputher (“to purify”)
* puthement (“purely”)

## Old French
### Etymology 1

From Latin pūrus.

#### Adjective

pur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pure)
* pure

##### Descendants

* French: pur
** → Romanian: pur
* Norman: pur
* → Middle English: pure, pur, puyr, pore, poure, peure, puȝr, puir, puire, puyre
** Scots: puir, pure
** English: pure
** → Cornish: pur

### Etymology 2

See por

#### Preposition

pur
* Alternative form of por

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pur/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pūrus, French pur.

#### Adjective

pur m or n (feminine singular pură, masculine plural puri, feminine and neuter plural pure)
* pure, clean, clear
* mere

##### Declension
#### See also

* clar, curat, fin, cast

### Etymology 2

Variant of por. Probably from Latin porrum.

#### Noun

pur m (plural puri)
* sand leek (Allium rotundum)
* serpent's garlic (Allium victorialis)

##### Declension
## Romansch
### Etymology 1

From Latin pūrus.

#### Alternative forms

* pür (Puter, Vallader)

#### Adjective

pur m (feminine singular pura, masculine plural purs, feminine plural puras) (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran)
* pure

##### Synonyms

* (Sutsilvan) spir

### Etymology 2

Of Germanic origin, cognate with German Bauer, Dutch boer.

#### Noun

pur m (plural purs) (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter)
* peasant, farmer
* (chess) pawn

##### Alternative forms

* pour (Surmiran)
* paur (Vallader, peasant, farmer)

#### See also

Chess pieces in Romansch · figuras da schah (layout · text) :
| retg | dama | tur | currider | chaval | pur |

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pūrus.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ʉːr

### Adjective

pur (not comparable)
* (somewhat dated) pure
    pur glädjepure joy

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### See also

* pur förvåning
* pur-
* purpur

### Further reading

* pur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (14th ed., online)

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh pur, from Proto-Brythonic *pʉr, from Latin pūrus.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /pɨːr/
* (South Wales) IPA: /piːr/
* Rhymes: -ɨːr

### Adjective

pur (feminine singular pur, plural purion, equative pured, comparative purach, superlative puraf)
* pure, unadulterated
    Synonym: têr
* undefiled, chaste

#### Derived terms

* amhur (“impure”)
* purdeb (“purity”)
* purlan (“pure, holy”)
* puro (“to purify”)

### Adverb

pur
* somewhat, fairly

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies