# pestis
## English
### Noun

pestis (uncountable)
* (uncommon) Plague.
** 2014, John Baron, The Life of Edward Jenner M.D., Cambridge University Press, →ISBN:page 198: [...] a name ordinarily given, then and for ages preceding, to the bubonic pestis. page 213: Another species of pestis in Sauvages Nosology is, from the accounts of various writers on the Lues bovilla, intimately connected with that [of distemper].

### Anagrams

* IP sets, pistes, spiest, spites, stipes

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pestis (“disease, plague”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛʃtiʃ]
* Hyphenation: pes‧tis
* Rhymes: -iʃ

### Noun

pestis (plural pestisek)
* plague

#### Derived terms

* pestisjárvány

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* pestis in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Equated with a supposed second element of Younger Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌𐬱 (kapastiš), the name of an illness, which beside ka-pastiš has its morphological boundaries also rendered kap-astiš and been identified with Persian کبست (kabast, “colocynth; deadly poison”), with seemingly the suffix as Persian دهمست (dahmast, “laurel”) if not اسپست (aspest, “lucerne”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpes.tis/, [ˈpɛs̠t̪ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpes.tis/, [ˈpɛst̪is]

### Noun

pestis f (genitive pestis); third declension
* disease, plague, pestilence, infection
    Synonyms: morbus, aegritūdō, malum, valētūdō, labor, infirmitas, incommodum
    Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.90:Quam simul ac tālī persēnsit peste tenērī [...].And as soon as [Juno] sensed that [Dido was now] gripped by such a plague [of passion] [...]. (Erotic passion here is likened to a deadly disease.)
** c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 76.20:Ēripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi!And rid me from this pernicious plague!
* a pest
* destruction, ruin, death
    Synonyms: perniciēs, interitus, ruīna, cruciātus, exitium, vulnus, cāsus, clādēs, perditiō, excidiō, excidium, lētum, dēstrūctiō

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* pestibilis
* pestifer
* pestilēns
* pestilentia
* pestilentus

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: pesta
* → Hungarian: pestis
* → Italian: peste
* → Middle French: peste
** French: peste
*** → Danish: pest
*** → German: Pest
*** → Norwegian: pest
*** → Romanian: pestă
*** → Swedish: pest
** → Dutch: pest
** → English: pest
* → Portuguese: peste
* → Spanish: peste
** → Cebuano: pisti
** → Tagalog: peste

### References

* ↑ Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 436
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pestis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 463

### Further reading

* “pestis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pestis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "pestis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin: pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari