# 作文
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuòwén
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zok$^3$ man$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chok-vùn
    (Hailu, HRS): zog vun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zog$^5$ vun$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zuah$^{4-5}$ veng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cŏ̤-uǒ̤ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorh$^6$ mong$^2$ / zorh$^6$ muong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chok-bûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zag$^4$ bhung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tsoq-ven
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuòwén
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuòwún
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^4$-wên$^2$
*** Yale: dzwò-wén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuohwen
*** Palladius: цзовэнь (czovɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (作文兒 / 作文儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuòwénr
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuòwúnr
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^4$-wên$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dzwò-wénr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuohwel
*** Palladius: цзовэньр (czovɛnʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ wəɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zok$^3$ man$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: jok mán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzok$^8$ man$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zog$^3$ men$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chok-vùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: zog$^ˋ$ vun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zog$^5$ vun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sok̚² vun¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zog vun
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sok⁵⁻² vun⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zog$^5$ vun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔk̚¹ ʋun¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zuah$^{4-5}$ veng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ vəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cŏ̤-uǒ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔ²⁴ uɔŋ²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zorh$^6$ mong$^2$ [Phonetic: zorh$^7$ mong$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: co̤h-meóng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ mɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zorh$^6$ muong$^2$ [Phonetic: zorh$^7$ muong$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒʔ²⁻²⁴ muoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chok-bûn
*** Tâi-lô: tsok-bûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zokbuun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zag$^4$ bhung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsak bûng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tsoq-ven
*** MiniDict: tsoh$^入$ ven
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tsoq-ven
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soʔ³³ vən⁴⁴/

### Noun

作文
* essay; composition

#### Synonyms

* 文章 (wénzhāng)
* 筆札 / 笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
* 論文 / 论文 (lùnwén)

### Verb

作⫽文 (verb-object)
* (intransitive) to write an essay or composition
    From: 1925 February 10, 魯迅 (Lu Xun),《青年必讀書》(Must-Read Books for Young People), translation based on Andrew F. Jones’s version
    Shǎo kàn Zhōngguó shū, qí jiéguǒ bùguò bùnéng zuòwén éryǐ. Dàn xiànzài de qīngnián zuì yàojǐn de shì “xíng”, bùshì “yán”. Zhǐyào shì huórén, bùnéng zuòwén suàn shénme dàbùliǎo de shì [Pinyin]
    The only problem with reading Chinese books less often is being unable to write well. But the priority for today’s young people is to act, not just to say. As long as they are living, breathing beings, what does it matter if they can’t write essays?

#### Synonyms

* 執筆 / 执笔 (zhíbǐ)
* 寫作 / 写作 (xiězuò)
* 寫字 / 写字 (xiězì)
* 屬文 / 属文 (zhǔwén) (literary, to compose prose)
* 援筆 / 援笔 (yuánbǐ) (literary)
* 提筆 / 提笔 (tíbǐ)
* 撰 (zhuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 撰寫 (zhuànxiě)
* 撰著 (zhuànzhù) (to write a book)
* 撰述 (zhuànshù) (formal)
* 書寫 / 书写 (shūxiě)
* 筆耕 / 笔耕 (bǐgēng) (literary)
* 綴文 / 缀文 (zhuìwén) (literary, to write a composition)
* 編寫 / 编写 (biānxiě)
* 著作 (zhùzuò)
* 著述 (zhùshù)
* 行文 (xíngwén)
* 行筆 / 行笔 (xíngbǐ) (literary, to write an essay or composition)
* 製作 / 制作 (zhìzuò)
* 譔文 / 撰文 (zhuànwén) (to write an article)

### Derived terms

* 作文本 (zuòwénběn)
* 作文簿 (zuòwénbù)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 作文(さくぶん) (sakubun)
* → Korean: 작문(作文) (jangmun)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 作 | 文 |
| さく Grade: 2 | ぶん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sa̠kɯ̟bɯ̟̃ɴ]

### Noun

作(さく)文(ぶん) • (sakubun)
* writing, essay, composition
    作文(さくぶん)を書(か)く
       sakubun o kaku
       to write an essay
    作文(さくぶん)の題(だい)
       sakubun no dai
       the subject of a composition

#### Derived terms

* 英作文(えいさくぶん) (eisakubun)
* 自由作文(じゆうさくぶん) (jiyū sakubun)

### Verb

作(さく)文(ぶん)する • (sakubun suru) suru (stem 作(さく)文(ぶん)し (sakubun shi), past 作(さく)文(ぶん)した (sakubun shita))
* to write a composition

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 作文し | さくぶんし | sakubun shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 作文し | さくぶんし | sakubun shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 作文する | さくぶんする | sakubun suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 作文する | さくぶんする | sakubun suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 作文すれ | さくぶんすれ | sakubun sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 作文せよ¹ 作文しろ² | さくぶんせよ¹ さくぶんしろ² | sakubun seyo¹ sakubun shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 作文される | さくぶんされる | sakubun sareru |
| Causative | 作文させる 作文さす | さくぶんさせる さくぶんさす | sakubun saseru sakubun sasu |
| Potential | 作文できる | さくぶんできる | sakubun dekiru |
| Volitional | 作文しよう | さくぶんしよう | sakubun shiyō |
| Negative | 作文しない | さくぶんしない | sakubun shinai |
| Negative continuative | 作文せず | さくぶんせず | sakubun sezu |
| Formal | 作文します | さくぶんします | sakubun shimasu |
| Perfective | 作文した | さくぶんした | sakubun shita |
| Conjunctive | 作文して | さくぶんして | sakubun shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 作文すれば | さくぶんすれば | sakubun sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||