# pose
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /poʊz/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pəʊz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊz

### Etymology 1

From Middle English pose, from Old English ġeposu pl (“cold in the head; catarrh”, literally “(the) sneezes; (the) snorts”), from Old English pos, ġepos (“sneeze, snort”), from Proto-West Germanic *pos, from Proto-Germanic *pusą (“sneeze, snort”), from Proto-Germanic *pusōną, *pusjaną (“to snort, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Compare Low German pusten (“to blow, puff”), German dialectal pfausen (“to sneeze, snort”), Norwegian dialectal pysa (“to blow”).

#### Noun

pose (plural poses)
* (archaic) Common cold, head cold; catarrh.
** 1586, William Harrison, Description of England:Now […] have we many chimnies, and yet our tenderlings complain of rheums, catarrhs, and poses.
** 1825, Robert Herrick, The poetical works of Robert Herrick:Megg yesterday was troubled with a pose, Which, this night hardned, sodders up her nose.
** 1903, Thomas Heywood, Lucian (of Samosata.), Desiderius Erasmus, Pleasant Dialogues and Dramma's:The Ague, Cough, the Pyony, the Pose. Aches within, and accidents without, [...]
** 2009, Eucharius Rösslin, Thomas Raynalde, Elaine Hobby, The Birth of Mankind:And whereas some say, that they which use oft washing of their heads shall be very prone to headache, that is not true, but only in such that, after they have been washed, roll up their hair (being yet wet) about their heads; the cold whereof is dangerous to bring them to catarrhs and poses, with other inconveniences.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English posen, from Old French poser (“to put, place, stell, settle, lodge”), from Vulgar Latin pausāre (“to blin, cease, pause”), from Latin pausa (“pause”), from Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis); influenced by Latin pōnere. Doublet of pause.

#### Verb

pose (third-person singular simple present poses, present participle posing, simple past and past participle posed)
* (transitive) To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect.
    To pose a model for a picture.
* (transitive) To ask; to set (a test, quiz, riddle, etc.).
* (transitive) To constitute (a danger, a threat, a risk, etc.).
** 2010, Noam Chomsky, “The Iranian threat”, in Z Magazine, volume 23, number 7:Rather, they are concerned with the threat Iran poses to the region and the world.
** 2011 September 2, Phil McNulty, “Bulgaria 0-3 England”, in BBC‎:Rooney's United team-mate Chris Smalling was given his debut at right-back and was able to adjust to the international stage in relatively relaxed fashion as Bulgaria barely posed a threat of any consequence.
** 2014 November 27, Ian Black, “Courts kept busy as Jordan works to crush support for Isis”, in The Guardian:The threat the most radical of them pose is evidently far greater at home than abroad.
* (transitive, in the phrase "to pose as") To falsely impersonate (another person or occupation) primarily for the purpose of accomplishing something or reaching a goal.
* (intransitive) To assume or maintain a pose; to strike an attitude.
** 1840, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “A Shabby Genteel Story”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume IV, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:He […] posed before her as a hero.
* (intransitive) To behave affectedly in order to attract interest or admiration.
** 2002, Charles Hebbert, Dan Richardson, The Rough Guide to Budapest, 2nd edition, London: Rough Guides, →ISBN, page 73:dressed-to-kill babes and their sugar daddies would rather pose in malls, and teenagers can find McDonald's anywhere, leaving Váci utterly dependent on tourists for its livelihood and bustle.
* (obsolete, transitive) To interrogate; to question.
** 1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:She pretended to […] pose him and sift him.
* (obsolete, transitive) To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand.
** a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “(please specify the chapter name or sermon number). Of the Love of God”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], published 1830–1831, →OCLC:A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose or puzzle him.
** 1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:The Doctor […] had likewise a pair of little eyes that were always half shut up, and a mouth that was always half expanded into a grin, as if he had, that moment, posed a boy, and were waiting to convict him from his own lips.

##### Derived terms

* posable
* posingly
* posing pouch

##### Collocations

* pose a question
* pose a threat
* pose a challenge
* pose a risk
* pose a danger
* pose a dilemma
* pose a hazard
* pose a problem
* pose an issue
* pose an obstacle
* pose a difficulty
* pose a paradox
* pose a contradiction
* pose a predicament
* pose a conundrum

##### Translations
#### Noun

pose (plural poses)
* Position, posture, arrangement (especially of the human body).
    Please adopt a more graceful pose for my camera.
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, with something of the stately pose which Richter has given his Queen Louise on the stairway, […] .
* Affectation.

##### Derived terms

* banana pose
* child's pose
* cobra pose
* composite pose
* cool pose
* corpse pose
* crow pose
* pigeon pose
* T pose
* T-pose
* triangle pose
* vacuum pose

##### Related terms

* appose
* compose
* contrapose
* counterpose
* decompose
* depose
* dispose
* expose
* impose
* indispose
* juxtapose
* oppose
* postpose
* predispose
* prepose
* presuppose
* propose
* recompose
* repose
* superimpose
* superpose
* suppose
* transpose

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Middle English posen, a combination of aphetic forms of Middle English aposen and opposen. More at appose, oppose.

#### Alternative forms

* poze

#### Verb

pose (third-person singular simple present poses, present participle posing, simple past and past participle posed)
* (obsolete) To ask (someone) questions; to interrogate.
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Luke ij:And hit fortuned that after .iii. dayes, they founde hym in the temple sittinge in the middes of the doctours, both hearynge them, and posinge them.
** 1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “The First Part”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC, section 9, page 16:'Tis my solitary recreation to pose my apprehension with those involved Ænigmas and riddles of the Trinity, with Incarnation and Resurrection.
* (now rare) to puzzle, non-plus, or embarrass with difficult questions.
* (now rare) To perplex or confuse (someone).

##### Derived terms

* poser

### Further reading

* “pose”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “pose”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “pose”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* opes, ESOP, peso, epos, EOPs, poës, Poes, poes, OPEs, Epos, POEs, EPOs, peos, PEOs, sope

## Creek
### Etymology

Borrowed from English pussy.

### Pronunciation

* (Oklahoma) IPA: [póˑzɪ]
* Hyphenation: po‧se

### Noun

pose
* cat

#### Inflection
### References

* J. B. Martin, M. McKane Mauldrin (2004) A dictionary of Creek/Muscogee, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 100
* J. B. Martin (2011) A grammar of Creek (Muscogee), University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 310

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse posi, from Proto-Germanic *pusô.

### Pronunciation

IPA: [ˈpʰoːsə]

### Noun

pose
* bag

#### Usage notes

A pose is a simple, flexible one-room container open or openable in the top. Do not confuse with taske.

#### Declension
### References

* “pose” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French pose.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
Hyphenation: po‧se

### Noun

pose f (plural posen or poses, diminutive posetje n)
* stance or pose

### Anagrams

* epos, poes, soep

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Swedish bås.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpose/, [ˈpo̞s̠e̞]
* Rhymes: -ose
* Hyphenation: po‧se

### Noun

pose (slang, Helsinki slang)
* jail
    Alternative form: bose

#### Declension

Possessive forms of pose (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
poseni
poseni
accusative
nom.
poseni
poseni
gen.
poseni
genitive
poseni
posejeni poseini $^{rare}$
partitive
poseani
posejani
inessive
posessani
poseissani
elative
posestani
poseistani
illative
poseeni
poseihini
adessive
posellani
poseillani
ablative
poseltani
poseiltani
allative
poselleni
poseilleni
essive
posenani
poseinani
translative
posekseni
poseikseni
abessive
posettani
poseittani
instructive
comitative
—poseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
posesi
posesi
accusative
nom.
posesi
posesi
gen.
posesi
genitive
posesi
posejesi poseisi $^{rare}$
partitive
poseasi
posejasi
inessive
posessasi
poseissasi
elative
posestasi
poseistasi
illative
poseesi
poseihisi
adessive
posellasi
poseillasi
ablative
poseltasi
poseiltasi
allative
posellesi
poseillesi
essive
posenasi
poseinasi
translative
poseksesi
poseiksesi
abessive
posettasi
poseittasi
instructive
comitative
—poseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
posemme
posemme
accusative
nom.
posemme
posemme
gen.
posemme
genitive
posemme
posejemme poseimme $^{rare}$
partitive
poseamme
posejamme
inessive
posessamme
poseissamme
elative
posestamme
poseistamme
illative
poseemme
poseihimme
adessive
posellamme
poseillamme
ablative
poseltamme
poseiltamme
allative
posellemme
poseillemme
essive
posenamme
poseinamme
translative
poseksemme
poseiksemme
abessive
posettamme
poseittamme
instructive
comitative
—poseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
posenne
posenne
accusative
nom.
posenne
posenne
gen.
posenne
genitive
posenne
posejenne poseinne $^{rare}$
partitive
poseanne
posejanne
inessive
posessanne
poseissanne
elative
posestanne
poseistanne
illative
poseenne
poseihinne
adessive
posellanne
poseillanne
ablative
poseltanne
poseiltanne
allative
posellenne
poseillenne
essive
posenanne
poseinanne
translative
poseksenne
poseiksenne
abessive
posettanne
poseittanne
instructive
comitative
—poseinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
posensa
posensa
accusative
nom.
posensa
posensa
gen.
posensa
genitive
posensa
posejensa poseinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
poseaan poseansa
posejaan posejansa
inessive
posessaan posessansa
poseissaan poseissansa
elative
posestaan posestansa
poseistaan poseistansa
illative
poseensa
poseihinsa
adessive
posellaan posellansa
poseillaan poseillansa
ablative
poseltaan poseltansa
poseiltaan poseiltansa
allative
poselleen posellensa
poseilleen poseillensa
essive
posenaan posenansa
poseinaan poseinansa
translative
posekseen poseksensa
poseikseen poseiksensa
abessive
posettaan posettansa
poseittaan poseittansa
instructive
comitative
—poseineen poseinensa :

### Further reading

* “pose”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* peso

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /poz/
* Homophones: pause, pauses, posent, poses

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from poser. Compare Italian posa. Also related with pause.

#### Noun

pose f (plural poses)
* installation, the act of laying, putting down (e.g. a building element)
* pose (posture, way of presenting oneself)

##### Derived terms

* prendre la pose

##### Descendants

* → German: Pose
* → Portuguese: pose
* → Romanian: poză
* → Turkish: poz

#### Noun

pose m (plural poses)
* (telecommunications) extension (Can we verify this sense?)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

pose
* inflection of poser:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “pose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

pose
* inflection of posen:
** first-person singular present
** first/third-person singular subjunctive I
** singular imperative

## Ido
### Adverb

pose
* afterwards

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.ze/, (traditional) /ˈpɔ.se/
* Rhymes: -ɔze, (traditional) -ɔse
* Hyphenation: pò‧se

#### Noun

pose m pl
* plural of posa

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpo.ze/, (traditional) /ˈpo.se/
* Rhymes: -oze, (traditional) -ose
* Hyphenation: pó‧se

#### Verb

pose
* third-person singular past historic of porre

### References

* 1 2 pose in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* epos, peso, pesò

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish pose, from Old Norse posi.

### Noun

pose m (definite singular posen, indefinite plural poser, definite plural posene)
* bag, sack

#### Derived terms

* bærepose
* papirpose
* plastpose
* poser under øynene
* sovepose
* tepose

### References

* “pose” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* påså, pøse (dialectal)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse posi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²puːsə/

### Noun

pose m (definite singular posen, indefinite plural posar, definite plural posane)
* a bag or sack

#### Derived terms

* papirpose
* plastpose
* sovepose
* spypose
* søppelpose
* tepose

### References

* “pose” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀧𑁄𑀲𑁂 (Brahmi script)
* पोसे (Devanagari script)
* পোসে (Bengali script)
* පොසෙ (Sinhalese script)
* ပေါသေ or ပေႃသေ (Burmese script)
* โปเส (Thai script)
* ᨷᩮᩤᩈᩮ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂປເສ (Lao script)
* បោសេ (Khmer script)
* 𑄛𑄮𑄥𑄬 (Chakma script)

### Noun

pose
* inflection of posa (“man”):
** locative singular
** accusative plural

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French pose.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɔ.zi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɔ.zi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɔ.ze/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɔ.zɨ/
* Hyphenation: po‧se

#### Noun

pose f (plural poses)
* pose (position, arrangement (especially of the human body))

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpo.zɨ/, /ˈpɔ.zɨ/
* Hyphenation: po‧se

#### Verb

pose
* inflection of posar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### References

* ↑ “pose”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “pose”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpose/ [ˈpo.se]
* Rhymes: -ose
* Syllabification: po‧se

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French pose.

#### Noun

pose f (plural poses)
* pose (unnatural posture)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

pose
* inflection of posar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “pose”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10