# 朧

| 朧 | U+6727, &#26407; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6727 |
| ← 朦 [U+6726] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 木 → [U+6728] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朧 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+16, 20 strokes, cangjie input 月卜月心 (BYBP), four-corner 7121$_1$, composition ⿰月龍)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 507, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14411
* Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2124, character 13
* Unihan data for U+6727

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 驡 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 龐 | *broːŋ |
| 瀧 | *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ |
| 籠 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 豅 | *roːŋ |
| 朧 | *roːŋ, *roŋs |
| 龓 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 聾 | *roːŋ |
| 礱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋs |
| 嚨 | *roːŋ |
| 蘢 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 櫳 | *roːŋ |
| 襱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ |
| 瓏 | *roːŋ |
| 曨 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 鸗 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 蠪 | *roːŋ |
| 巃 | *roːŋʔ |
| 竉 | *roːŋʔ |
| 攏 | *roːŋʔ |
| 儱 | *roːŋʔ, *roŋs |
| 龍 | *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ |
| 躘 | *roŋ, *roŋs |
| 隴 | *roŋʔ |
| 壠 | *roŋʔ |
| 壟 | *roŋʔ |
| 寵 | *r̥ʰoŋʔ |
| 龏 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *roːŋ, *roŋs): semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not the cursive form of 肉; 朦朧 / 朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lóng (long$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lung$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lông
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
*** Wade–Giles: lung$^2$
*** Yale: lúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
*** Palladius: лун (lun)
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lung$^4$
*** Yale: lùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
*** Tâi-lô: lông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$lon
*** MiniDict: lon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$lon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: luwng
Rime :
| Character | 朧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧紅切 |
| Baxter | luwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /luŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /luŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*roːŋ/, /*roŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朧 | 朧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8414 | 8445 |
| Phonetic component | 龍 | 龍 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 籠 | 贚 |
| Old Chinese | /*roːŋ/ | /*roŋs/ |

### Definitions

朧
* (of moonlight) hazy; dim
    朦朧／朦胧 ― ménglóng ― hazy

### Compounds

* 朣朧 / 朣胧
* 朦朧 / 朦胧 (ménglóng)
* 朦朧保舉 / 朦胧保举
* 朦朧恍惚 / 朦胧恍惚
* 朦朧朦朧 / 朦胧朦胧
* 朧光 / 胧光
* 朧明 / 胧明
* 朧月 / 胧月
* 朧朣 / 胧朣
* 朧朧 / 胧胧

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𪱨 |
| Kyūjitai | 朧 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𪱨)
* hazy, cloudy

#### Readings

* Go-on: る (ru)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)
* Kun: おぼろ (oboro, 朧)

#### Compounds

* 朧朧(ろうろう), 朧々(ろうろう) (rōrō)
* 朧銀(ろうぎん) (rōgin)
* 朧月(ろうげつ) (rōgetsu)
* 朧夜(ろうや) (rōya)
* 朦朧(もうろう) (mōrō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 朧
* おぼろ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Appears to be 凡 (obo, “dim, faint; hazy, indistinct”) +‎ ろ (-ro, suffix apparently indicating general location or time, as in 所 (tokoro, “place”), 頃 (koro, “around (a specific time)”); compare ら (ra)).
The food-related senses may come from the way these dishes involve breaking up the main ingredients into smaller indistinct pieces.
First attested in The Tales of Ise from the early 900s.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おぼろ [òbóró] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞bo̞ɾo̞]

### Adjective

朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) -na (adnominal 朧(おぼろ)な (oboro na), adverbial 朧(おぼろ)に (oboro ni))
* [from early 900s] hazy, cloudy
* uncertain, unreliable

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 朧だろ | おぼろだろ | oboro daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 朧で | おぼろで | oboro de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 朧だ | おぼろだ | oboro da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 朧な | おぼろな | oboro na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 朧なら | おぼろなら | oboro nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 朧であれ | おぼろであれ | oboro de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 朧ではない 朧じゃない | おぼろではない おぼろじゃない | oboro de wa nai oboro ja nai |
| Informal past | 朧だった | おぼろだった | oboro datta |
| Informal negative past | 朧ではなかった 朧じゃなかった | おぼろではなかった おぼろじゃなかった | oboro de wa nakatta oboro ja nakatta |
| Formal | 朧です | おぼろです | oboro desu |
| Formal negative | 朧ではありません 朧じゃありません | おぼろではありません おぼろじゃありません | oboro de wa arimasen oboro ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 朧でした | おぼろでした | oboro deshita |
| Formal negative past | 朧ではありませんでした 朧じゃありませんでした | おぼろではありませんでした おぼろじゃありませんでした | oboro de wa arimasen deshita oboro ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 朧で | おぼろで | oboro de |
| Conditional | 朧なら（ば） | おぼろなら（ば） | oboro nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 朧だったら | おぼろだったら | oboro dattara |
| Volitional | 朧だろう | おぼろだろう | oboro darō |
| Adverbial | 朧に | おぼろに | oboro ni |
| Degree | 朧さ | おぼろさ | oborosa |

#### Derived terms

* 朧(おぼろ)朧(おぼろ), 朧(おぼろ)々(おぼろ) (oboro-oboro)
* 朧(おぼろ)影(かげ) (oborokage)
* 朧絣(おぼろがすり) (oborogasuri)
* 朧(おぼろ)銀(ぎん) (oborogin)
* 朧(おぼろ)雲(ぐも) (oborogumo)
* 朧(おぼろ)九曜(くよう) (oboro-kuyō)
* 朧(おぼろ)げ, 朧(おぼろ)気(げ) (oboroge)
* 朧(おぼろ)昆布(こんぶ) (oboro-konbu)
* 朧(おぼろ)染(ぞめ), 朧(おぼろ)染(ぞ)め (oborozome)
* 朧(おぼろ)月(づき) (oborozuki)
* 朧(おぼろ)月(づき)夜(よ) (oborozukiyo), 朧(おぼろ)月(づく)夜(よ) (oborozukuyo)
* 朧(おぼろ)蔦(づた) (oborozuta)
* 朧(おぼろ)豆腐(どうふ) (oboro-dōfu)
* 朧(おぼろ)の清水(しみず) (Oboro no Shimizu)
* 朧(おぼろ)花色(はないろ) (oboro-hanairo)
* 朧(おぼろ)富士(ふじ) (oborofuji)
* 朧(おぼろ)船(ぶね) (oborobune)
* 朧(おぼろ)饅頭(まんじゅう) (oboro-manjū)
* 朧(おぼろ)木綿(もめん) (oboro-momen)
* 朧(おぼろ)闇(やみ) (oboroyami)
* 朧(おぼろ)夜(よ) (oboroyo)
* 朧(おぼろ)輪(わ) (oborowa)
* 月(つき)も朧(おぼろ)に白魚(しらうお)の篝(かがり)もかすむ春(はる)の空(そら) (tsuki mo oboro ni shirauo no kagari mo kasumu haru no sora)

### Noun

朧(おぼろ) • (oboro)
* minced meat or seafood
* [probably from 1600s] Short for 朧昆布 (oboro-konbu): shredded kelp
* [probably from 1600s] Short for 朧豆腐 (oboro-dōfu, “soft tofu”).
* [probably from 1600s] Short for 朧饅頭 (oboro-manjū): steamed bun with the outer covering removed after steaming

### Proper noun

朧(おぼろ) • (Oboro)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朧 (MC luwng).

### Hanja

Wikisource 朧 (eumhun 흐릿할 롱 (heurithal rong), word-initial (South Korea) 흐릿할 농 (heurithal nong))
* hanja form of 롱/농 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”)

#### Compounds

* 농몽 (朧朦, nongmong)
* 농월 (朧月, nong'wol)
* 몽롱 (朦朧, mongnong)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

朧: Hán Nôm readings: lung, lông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.