# brath
## English
### Alternative forms

* breth, breith, brethe, braith, berth, berthe (Scotland)

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -æθ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English brath, broth, braith, from Old Norse bráðr (“hasty, sudden”), from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“hot, in a hurry, rushed”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrē-, *bʰerē- (“steam, vapour”), from *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”). Cognate with Icelandic bráður (“quick, hasty, excited”), Swedish bråd (“hasty, sudden, urgent”), Danish bråd (“hasty, sudden”). Related to breath, brew.

#### Adjective

brath (comparative brather or more brath, superlative brathest or most brath)
* (UK dialectal) Hasty; violent; fierce; strong.

##### Synonyms

* snell

##### Derived terms

* brathly

### Etymology 2

From Middle English brath, from Old Norse bráð (“haste”), from bráðr (“hasty”). See above.

#### Noun

brath (uncountable)
* (UK dialectal) Violence; fierceness; anger; fury; fit of rage.

### Anagrams

* Barth, barth

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish brath, from Old Irish mrath (“treachery, betrayal”), from Proto-Celtic *mratom (“deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“crumble, destroy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /bˠɾˠɑh/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /bˠɾˠa/
* (Ulster) IPA: /bˠɾˠah/

### Noun

brath m (genitive singular as substantive braith, genitive as verbal noun braite)
* verbal noun of braith
* perception, feeling, detection
* spying, betrayal
* expectation, intention; dependence, reliance (with ar (“on”))
    Tá mé ag brath ort.I’m relying on you.

#### Declension

Verbal noun:
bare forms
case
singular
nominative
brath
vocative
a bhrath
genitive
braite
dative
brath
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an brath
genitive
an bhraite
dative
leis an mbrath don bhrath :
Substantive:
bare forms
case
singular
nominative
brath
vocative
a bhraith
genitive
braith
dative
brath
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an brath
genitive
an bhraith
dative
leis an mbrath don bhrath :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mrato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 188, page 94
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 175, page 67

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brath”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Mullen, Alex (2019) Southern Gaul and the Mediterranean: Multilingualism and Multiple Identities in the Iron Age and Roman Periods, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
* Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish brath, from Old Irish mrath (“treachery, betrayal”), from Proto-Celtic *mratom (“deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“crumble, destroy”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾah/

### Noun

brath m (genitive singular bratha)
* knowledge, notice, informing, information
* treachery, advantage by unfair means, betraying, spying
* treason, betrayal
* intention, design
* pursuit of information
* expectation
* opinion, idea, guess
* mass, lump
* lie
* dependence

#### Derived terms

* aig sealbh tha brath
* gabh brath
* brath-foilleil

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “brath”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mrato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
* Mullen, Alex (2019) Southern Gaul and the Mediterranean: Multilingualism and Multiple Identities in the Iron Age and Roman Periods, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
* Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *brazdos, alternative form of *brozdos (“point, tip”) (compare Middle Irish brot (“goad, spike”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰresdʰh₁-, from *bʰers- (“tip, point”). Related to Old Norse broddr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /braːθ/
* Rhymes: -aːθ

### Noun

brath m (plural brathau)
* bite, sting, stab
* wound, injury

#### Derived terms

* brathu (“to bite”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brath”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brozdo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 80