# 嫁

| 嫁 | U+5AC1, &#23233; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5AC1 |
| ← 嫀 [U+5AC0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嫂 → [U+5AC2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嫁 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 女十一人 (VJMO), four-corner 4343$_2$, composition ⿰女家)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 268, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6602
* Dae Jaweon: page 536, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1073, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5AC1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 家 | *kraː |
| 傢 | *kraː |
| 幏 | *kraː, *kraːs |
| 稼 | *kraːs |
| 嫁 | *kraːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːs): semantic 女 + phonetic 家 (OC *kraː).

### Etymology

Exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “home, house”), with the addition of the denominal verbalisation suffix *-s in Old Chinese, meaning “to go to one's new home; to become married”. In the Baxter–Sagart system, an additional pronunciation is posited for the causative sense (“to make someone become married; to marry off”), formed with the prolific Old Chinese causative prefix *s-. Compare 娶.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jià (jia$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ka
* Eastern Min (BUC): gá
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ga$^4$ / gor$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kà / kè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gê$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ka
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jià
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jià
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^4$
*** Yale: jyà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiah
*** Palladius: цзя (czja)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaa$^3$
*** Yale: ga
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ga$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ka
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gá
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ga$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ka⁴²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ⁴²/
* ga4 - literary;
* gor4 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: kaeH
Rime :
| Character | 嫁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古訝切 |
| Baxter | kaeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ka$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ka$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ka$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ka$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jià |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra-s/, /*s-kˤra-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 嫁 | 嫁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jià | jià |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæ$^H$ › | ‹ kæ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁra-s/ | /*s-kˁra-s/ |
| English | go (as a bride) to one"s new home | send (one’s daughter) as a bride |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嫁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5923 |
| Phonetic component | 家 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 駕 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraːs/ |

### Definitions

嫁
* (of a woman) to marry; to become married to
    Coordinate terms: 娶 (of a man), 𤆬 (of a man)
    嫁不出去 ― jià bù chūqù ― to be unable to get married (to anyone); to be left on the shelf
       Tā qùnián jià gěi le dàxué tóngxué. [Pinyin]
       She married her university classmate last year.
* to give a daughter in marriage; to marry off
    嫁女兒／嫁女儿 ― jià nǚ'ér ― to give a daughter in marriage; to try to marry off a daughter
* (figurative) to transfer; to shift (harm, charge, etc.); to put the (blame) on another person
    嫁禍於人／嫁祸于人 ― jiàhuòyúrén ― to shift the blame on others
* a surname, Jia

#### Synonyms

* (to marry):
* 作對 / 作对 (zuòduì, “to pair off in marriage”)
* 匹偶 (pǐ'ǒu) (literary)
* 匹配 (pǐpèi)
* 娶 (of a man)
* 婚嫁 (hūnjià)
* 婚配 (hūnpèi)
* 嫁娶 (jiàqǔ)
* 安家 (ānjiā) (figurative)
* 完婚 (wánhūn)
* 完成 (wánchéng) (literary)
* 成婚 (chénghūn)
* 成家 (chéngjiā) (of a man)
* 成親 / 成亲 (chéngqīn)
* 桃夭 (táoyāo) (literary)
* 𤆬 (“to take a wife”) (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min)
* 𤆬新娘 (“to take a wife”) (Min Nan)
* 𤆬新婦 / 𤆬新妇 (“to take a wife”)
* 結合 / 结合 (jiéhé)
* 結婚 / 结婚 (jiéhūn)
* 聯結 / 联结 (liánjié)
* (to transfer):
* 徙動 / 徙动 (Hokkien)
* 挪 (nuó)
* 挪動 / 挪动 (nuódòng)
* 挪移 (nuóyí)
* 搬動 / 搬动 (bāndòng)
* 搬徙 (Hokkien)
* 搬移 (bānyí)
* 移動 / 移动 (yídòng)
* 移徙 (yíxǐ) (literary, or Min Nan)
* 走 (zǒu)
* 轉移 / 转移 (zhuǎnyí)
* 騰挪 / 腾挪 (téngnuó)

### Compounds

* 下嫁 (xiàjià)
* 再嫁 (zàijià)
* 出嫁 (chūjià)
* 前婚後嫁 / 前婚后嫁
* 女大須嫁 / 女大须嫁
* 女嫁男婚
* 女長須嫁 / 女长须嫁
* 婚嫁 (hūnjià)
* 嫁人 (jiàrén)
* 嫁奩 / 嫁奁
* 嫁妝 / 嫁妆 (jiàzhuāng)
* 嫁娶 (jiàqǔ)
* 嫁接 (jiàjiē)
* 嫁棗 / 嫁枣
* 嫁狗隨狗 / 嫁狗随狗
* 嫁禍 / 嫁祸 (jiàhuò)
* 嫁禍於人 / 嫁祸于人 (jiàhuòyúrén)
* 嫁資 / 嫁资
* 嫁雞逐雞 / 嫁鸡逐鸡
* 嫁雞隨雞 / 嫁鸡随鸡
* 後嫁 / 后嫁
* 從嫁 / 从嫁
* 所嫁非人
* 招嫁
* 抱嫁
* 改嫁 (gǎijià)
* 新嫁娘
* 為人作嫁 / 为人作嫁
* 男婚女嫁
* 發嫁 / 发嫁
* 盲婚啞嫁 / 盲婚哑嫁 (mánghūnyǎjià)
* 租稅轉嫁 / 租税转嫁
* 聘嫁
* 許嫁 / 许嫁 (xǔjià)
* 論及婚嫁 / 论及婚嫁
* 賠嫁 / 赔嫁
* 贈嫁 / 赠嫁
* 轉嫁 / 转嫁 (zhuǎnjià)
* 逃嫁
* 過嫁妝 / 过嫁妆
* 鍾馗嫁妹 / 钟馗嫁妹
* 陪嫁 (péijià)
* 雲英未嫁 / 云英未嫁

### References

* “嫁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “嫁”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 103.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* bride

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: よめ (yome, 嫁, Jōyō)、とつぐ (totsugu, 嫁ぐ, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 許(きょ)嫁(か) (kyoka)
* 降(こう)嫁(か) (kōka)
* 惣(そう)嫁(か) (sōka)
* 転(てん)嫁(か) (tenka)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 嫁
* よめ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
There are several theories, all of which analyse it as よ (yo) + 女(め) (me, “woman, female”). However, よ (yo) may be one of the following:
* 呼 (“to call out, invite”, in reference to welcoming the daughter-in-law as the son’s wife)
* 弱 (“weak”, in reference to the inferior position relative to the mother-in-law)
* 夜 (“night”, in reference to serving the husband at night)
* 良 (“good”)
* 吉 (“good luck”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よめ [yòmé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞me̞]

### Noun

嫁(よめ) • (yome)
* bride
** 1984 February 20 [1982 September 15], Motoka Murakami, “父(と)っちゃより大(おお)きくの巻(まき) [Ah’ll Be Taller than Pa]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], 6th edition, volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 62:
    六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)くん！私(わたくし)たちのこと忘(わす)れないで——‼おやぶーん、いつか帰(かえ)ってこいよ〰‼もなみを……六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)くんのお嫁(よめ)さんさしてね〰〰‼
       Musashi-kun! Watakushi-tachi no koto wasure nai de——‼
       Musashi-kun! Don’t forget about us——‼
       Oyabūn, itsuka kaette koi yo~‼
       Come see us someday, boss~!?
       Monami o…… Musashi-kun no o-yome-san sa shite ne~~‼
       When we grow up… marry me, okaaay~!?
       (literally, “Make Monami… Musashi-kun’s bride~!!”)
* daughter in law
* (archaic, now chiefly Kansai) wife
* (Internet slang) waifu or husbando
    Synonym: 婿 (muko, “husbando”)
    Coordinate term: 婿 (muko, “husbando”)

#### Derived terms

* 嫁(よめ)入(い)り (yomeiri)
* 嫁(ヨメ)菜(ナ) (yomena)
* 相(あい)嫁(よめ) (aiyome)
* 鬼(おに)嫁(よめ) (oniyome)
* 俺(おれ)の嫁(よめ) (ore no yome)
* 花(はな)嫁(よめ) (hanayome)
* 惣(そう)嫁(よめ) (sōyome)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 嫁 (MC kaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 가〯 (kǎ) (Yale: ka) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 嫁 (eumhun 시집갈 가 (sijipgal ga))
* hanja form of 가 (“to marry; give a daughter in marriage”)

#### Compounds

* 개가 (改嫁, gaega)
* 전가 (轉嫁, jeon'ga)
* 출가 (出嫁, chulga)
* 출가외인 (出嫁外人, chulgaoein)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

嫁: Hán Nôm readings: giá, gả, gá
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.