# 倥

| 倥 | U+5025, &#20517; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5025 |
| ← 値 [U+5024] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 倦 → [U+5026] |

## Translingual
### Han character

倥 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人十金一 (OJCM), four-corner 2321$_1$, composition ⿰亻空)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 787
* Dae Jaweon: page 231, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5025

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kōng (kong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kong
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$
*** Yale: kūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khuwng
Rime :
| Character | 倥 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦紅切 |
| Baxter | khuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倥 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 4042 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 空 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

倥
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in compounds.
* to hang down, droop

#### Compounds

* 倥侗 (kōngtóng)
* 倥怱 (kōngcōng)
* 倥蒙 (kōngméng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǒng (kong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǒng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^3$
*** Yale: kǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^2$
*** Yale: húng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khuwngX, khuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 倥 | 倥 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 康董切 | 苦貢切 |
| Baxter | khuwngX | khuwngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ$^X$/ | /kʰəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǒng | kòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^2$ | hung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋʔ/, /*kʰoːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倥 | 倥 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 4044 | 4047 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孔 | 控 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːŋʔ/ | /*kʰoːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

倥
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in compounds.
* to make stiff (of a face) (to make a stern face)

#### Compounds

* 倥傯 / 倥偬 (kǒngzǒng)
* 倥急 (kǒngjí)
* 倥臉 / 倥脸 (kǒngliǎn)

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “倥”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00174

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: くう (kū)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: ぬかる (nukaru, 倥る)

## Korean
### Hanja

倥 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.