# gallus
## English
### Noun

gallus
* plural of gallu

### See also

* one-gallus

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡal.lus/, [ˈɡälːʲʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡal.lus/, [ˈɡälːus]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *galsos, enlargement of *gl̥s-o-, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *gols-o-, from *gelH- (“to call”); compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsas (“voice”), Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call”), Albanian gjuhë (“tongue; language”), and perhaps Welsh galw (“call”).

#### Noun

gallus m (genitive gallī); second declension
* a cock, rooster, cockerel

##### Usage notes

The term gallus is inherently masculine and refers to a "rooster"/"cock" (male chicken). The term gallīna is used for a "hen" (female chicken). The term pullus refers to a "chicken" without specifying the sex of the animal, although it often refers to a "chick".

##### Declension

Second-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* gallicinium
* gallicrus
* gallīna
* gallīnāceus
* gallīnārium
* gallīnārius
* gallīnula
* *gallīnus
* gallopāvō
* gallulasco
* gallus in sterquilinio suo plurimum potest

##### Descendants

* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: gallu
** Italian: gallo
** Neapolitan: gallo
** Sicilian: jaddu, gaddu
** Venetan: gàło
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: gjal
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: gal
** Ligurian: gallo
** Romagnol: gal
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: gall
** Franco-Provençal: jal
** Occitan: gal, jal
** Old French: jal
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: galo
*** Galician: galo
*** Portuguese: galo (see there for further descendants)
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: gallu
** Old Spanish:
*** Ladino:
    Hebrew script: גאייו
    Latin script: gayo
*** Spanish: gallo
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: gjel
** → Old Irish: Gall (personal name)
*** → Czech: Havel (personal name)
** → Translingual: Gallus

#### See also

* pullus
* cāpō

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

gallus m (genitive gallī, feminine galla); second declension
* Alternative letter-case form of Gallus (“Gaul; Galatian”)

##### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Adjective

gallus (feminine galla, neuter gallum); first/second-declension adjective
* Alternative letter-case form of Gallus (“Gaulish; Galatian”)

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

### Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek γάλλος (gállos). Considered by some ancient and modern authorities to derive from the river Gallus, due to the notion that "its water made those who drank of it mad". A connection to the similar Sumerian priests of Inanna called gala has been suggested, but evidence is lacking.

#### Noun

gallus m (genitive gallī); second declension
* one of the priests of Cybele in Phrygia and Rome who wore feminine clothes and typically castrated themselves

##### Usage notes

* Some writers, such as Catullus, use the feminine singular galla (or feminine plural gallae, or both) instead.

##### Declension

Second-declension noun.

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 254
* ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=gallus-geo
* ↑ Maarten Jozef Vermaseren, Eugene N. Lane, Cybelle, Attis and related cults: essays in memory of M. J. Vermaseren (1996, BRILL, →ISBN), page 123-130
* ↑ Philippe Borgeaud, Mother of the Gods: From Cybele to the Virgin Mary (2004), page 48

### Further reading

* “gallus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “gallus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "gallus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* gallus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “gallus”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “gallus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* gallus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “gallus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

## Scots
### Alternative forms

* gallous

### Etymology

A corruption of gallows, used attributively.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡæləs/

### Adjective

gallus (comparative mair gallus, superlative maist gallus)
* daring; confident; cheeky.
** 1919, Stanley J Weyman, “XIV The Manchester Men”, in The Great House:He’s a gallus glib chap that!
* (obsolete) fit to be hanged; wicked; mischievous
** 1848, Benjamin A. Baker, A Glance at New York:Look, what a gallus walk she's got! I've strong suspicions I'll have to get slung to her one of these days.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses:’Twas murmur we did for a gallus potion would rouse a friar, I’m thinking, and he limp from leching.(please add an English translation of this quotation)