# not
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English not, nat, variant of noght, naht (“not, nothing”), from Old English *nōht, nāht (“nought, nothing”), short for nōwiht, nāwiht (“nothing”, literally “not anything”), corresponding to ne (“not”) + ōwiht, āwiht (“anything”), corresponding to ā (“ever, always”) + wiht (“thing, creature”).
Cognate with Scots nat, naucht (“not”), Saterland Frisian nit (“not”), West Frisian net (“not”), Dutch niet (“not”), German nicht (“not”). Compare nought, naught and aught. More at no, wight, whit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɒt/
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: [nɒt], [nɒʔ(t)]
*** Audio (London):(file)
** (Standard Southern British, General Australian) IPA: [nɔt], [nɔʔ(t)]
*** Audio (UK):(file)
** (General American) IPA: [nɑ̈ʔ(t̚)]
*** Audio (US):(file)
** (Ireland) IPA: [nɞʔt]
** (Local Dublin) IPA: [näʔ]
** (Canada) IPA: [nɒːt], [nɔ̈ʔ]
* Homophone: knot
* Homophones: naught, nought (cot–caught merger)
* Rhymes: -ɒt

### Adverb

not (not comparable)
* Negates the meaning of the modified verb.
** 1973 November 17, Richard Milhous Nixon, Orlando press conference:
    People have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I'm not a crook. I've earned everything I've got.
** 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section I, page 42:The sound of Abba singing ‘Dancing Queen’ had started up in a room the other side of the court. Adrian slammed the window shut. ‘That’ll teach you to throw things out of the window,’ said Gary. ‘It’ll teach me not to throw things out of the window.’
** 1998 January 26, William Jefferson Clinton, White House press conference:
    I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I'm going to say this again: I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.
** 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
    Oh, Pete. This is not the gym. — That’s right, Anna. This is the mailroom.
       Audio (US):(file)
    Did you take out the trash? No, I did not.
    Not knowing any better, I went ahead.
* To no degree.
** 1984 December 22, John Stout, “Home for the Holidays: Survival Strategies for Gays”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 23, page 5:Expectation: Everybody in the family has to love everybody else. Reaction: Not the ghost of Christmas past, present, or future could pull this one off unless feeling is already there.
    That is not red; it's green.
    It's not you, it's me.
* (litotes) Used to indicate the opposite or near opposite, often in a form of understatement.
    That day was not the best day of my life. (meaning the day was bad or awful)
    It was not my favorite movie of all time. (meaning the speaker dislikes or strongly dislikes the movie)
    In the not too distant future my view on the matter might be not a million miles away from yours.
* Used before a determiner phrase, a pronominal phrase etc. to convey a negative attitude (e.g. denial, sadness, anger) towards something.
    Oh god, not that! Anything but that!
    Not another rainy day!
    Won't you come with me?" "Certainly not."
* (ironic, informal, originally African-American Vernacular) Used before a non-finite clause (especially a gerund-participial clause) or less commonly a determiner phrase to ironically convey some attitude (e.g. surprise, incredulity, amusement, embarrassment) towards something. [attested since the late 2000s, popularized around 2020]
    Not me writing example sentences again. ― Oh my, there I go writing example sentences again!
** 2023 July 8, @brielarson [Brie Larson], Twitter‎:Not me crying by the end of that!! You are a brilliant, beautiful human who deserves no less than the world. Thank you for taking the time to watch unicorn store. It’s a film that means so much to me.
** 2023 December 9, “Keke Palmer and Darius Jackson: A Complete Relationship Timeline”, in Glamour‎:[Keke] Palmer tells Hoda Kotb and Jenna Bush Hager to “mind y'all's business” when they ask about her relationship with [Darius] Jackson. ¶ “Not y’all trying to get into it! They trying it on the Today show,” Palmer joked when the subject was first brought up on Today With Hoda & Jenna.

#### Usage notes

In modern usage, do-support requires that the form do not ... (or don’t ...) be preferred to ... not for all but a short list of verbs (be, have, can, shall, will, would, may, must, need, ought):
* They do not sow. (modern) vs. They sow not. (KJB)
American usage tends to prefer don’t have or haven’t got to have not or haven’t, except when have is used as an auxiliary (or in the idiom have-not):
* I don’t have a clue or I haven’t got a clue. (US)
* I haven’t a clue or I haven’t got a clue. (outside US)
* I haven’t been to Spain. (universal)
The verb need is only directly negated when used as an auxiliary; this usage is rare in the US but common elsewhere.
* You don’t need to trouble yourself. (common in US)
* You needn’t trouble yourself. (common outside US)
* I don’t need any eggs today. (universal)
The verb dare can sometimes be directly negated.
* I daren't do that.
The verb do, as a main verb, takes do not.
* He does not do that.
In the imperative, all verbs, including be, take do not.
* Don't do that.
* Don't be silly. (not *Be not silly.)
In the infinitive, verbs must be negated directly. In this case not cannot appear after the verb; some authorities recommend placing it before to to avoid a split infinitive, but for most speakers the forms not to do and to not do are more or less interchangeable, with the latter being mostly informal.
* The objective is not to lose or The objective is to not lose.
* I wanted not to go or I wanted to not go. (Note the difference between this and I didn't want to go, where want is the verb being negated.)
In the subjunctive mood, do-support is not used for negation; not is placed by itself, or with should, immediately before the verb it modifies, even be:
* They suggested that he (should) not do it.
* The law requires that it (should) not be done.

#### Derived terms

* could not get elected dogcatcher
* not again
* not to put too fine a point on it

#### Related terms

* ain't
* aren't
* cannot
* can't
* daren't
* didn't
* doesn't
* don't
* forget-me-not
* hadn't
* hasn't
* have-not
* haven't
* isn't
* mightn't
* needn't
* neither
* no
* nor
* not bad
* not guilty
* not quite
* not think
* notwithstanding
* shan't
* shouldn't
* wasn't
* won't
* wouldn't

#### Translations
### Conjunction

not
* And not.
    I wanted a plate of shrimp, not a bucket of chicken.
    He painted the car blue and black, not solid purple.

#### Usage notes

* The construction “A, not B” is synonymous with the constructions “A, and not B”; “not B, but A”; and “not B, but rather A”.

#### Translations
### Interjection

not!
* (slang) Used to indicate that the previous phrase was meant sarcastically or ironically. [chiefly 1990s]
    I really like hanging out with my little brother watching Barney … not!
    Sure, you’re perfect the way you are … not!
** 1911 March, Zane Grey, “Out on the Field”, in The Young Pitcher, New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC, page 64:You've got a swell chance to make this [baseball] team, you have, not! Third base is my job, Freshie. Why, you tow-head, you couldn't play marbles. You butter-finger, can't you stop anything?
** 1949, E.E 'Doc' Smith, chapter XIV, in Skylark of Valeron, London: Panther, published 1974, page 134:"See?" "Uh-huh! Clear and lucid to the point of limpidity - 'not."
** 2006 May 2, Steve Goldfarb, “Spilling out drops of wine at the Seder”, in soc.culture.jewish.moderated‎ (Usenet):Because, of course, sympathy is finite -- and if you use it up on the wrong person then you won't have any left. Not.

#### Synonyms

* bender, I don't think

#### See also

* Appendix:American Dialect Society words of the year

### Noun

not (plural nots)
* An instance of using the word “not”; a negation or denial.
** 1922 March 4, “Fed on Fear Too Much”, in The Pathfinder, volume 29, number 1470, Washington, D.C.: Pathfinder Publishing Company, page 33:The children are taught to be afraid of winter, of war, of death, of hard times, of disease, of examtinations. Perhaps that is one of the reasons that children so seldom find the conversation of their elders uplifting. It is full of don’ts, buts and nots.
* Alternative letter-case form of NOT (“unary operation on logical values that changes true to false, and false to true”).

#### Usage notes

Boolean operators and states are commonly written in all uppercase in order to distinguish them from the ordinary uses of the words.

#### Translations
### See also

* if
* then
* else
* and
* or
* true
* false

### References

* ↑ Colin Morris (2021 April 11) “Not them having a whole zoo—the rise of ironic "not"”, in colin_morris
* ↑ Guilherme M. C. Pereira (2023 December 19) “Not me getting with the times: A new kind of not-fragment in English”, in Yale Working Papers in Grammatical Diversity, volume 5, number 1, Yale University Department of Linguistics

### Further reading

* “not”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* -ton, NTO, ONT, Ont, Ont., TNO, TON, on't, ton

## Albanian
### Etymology

From notoj.

### Noun

not m
* swim

#### Related terms

* notoj (“to swim”), bën not (“to swim”)

## Ambonese Malay
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from Dutch uitnodiging.

### Verb

not
* to invite

### Noun

not
* invitation
    Beta dapat not par pigi makang patiti.I received an invitation for dinner.

### References

* D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

## Aromanian
### Etymology 1

From Greek νότος (nótos).

#### Alternative forms

* Not

#### Noun

not m
* dry wind from the south

##### Synonyms

* iug

#### See also

* vimtu
* sud/Sud
* livã
* austru

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

not first-singular present indicative
* Alternative form of anot to swim

### Etymology 3

From anot (“to swim”). Compare Italian nuoto, Portuguese nado.

#### Noun

not m
* swim, swimming

##### Synonyms

* notalui

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From German Nut.

#### Noun

not c (singular definite noten, plural indefinite noter)
* (mechanics) A groove.

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Norwegian not.

#### Noun

not c or n (singular definite noten or notet, plural indefinite noter or not)
* (fishing) seine net
    Synonym: snurpenot

##### Derived terms

* snurpenot

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

not
* imperative of note

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noːt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oːt

### Adverb

not
* Only used in nottun

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nutą (“use, profit”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔːt/
* Rhymes: -ɔːt

### Noun

not n pl (plural only, genitive plural nota)
* use
    Synonyms: gagn, notkun

#### Derived terms

* koma að notum (“to be of use, to be useful”)

#### Related terms

* nota (“to use”)

### Further reading

* “not” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch noot, from Middle Dutch note, from Old French note, from Latin nota. Doublet of nota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnɔt/
* Hyphenation: not

### Noun

not
* (music) note, a character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch.
    Synonym: titi nada

#### Compounds

* not angka
* not balok
* not bantu
* not bendera
* not garis
* not seperdelapan
* not seperempat
* not spasi

### Further reading

* “not” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /noːt/, [noːt̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /not/, [nɔt̪]

### Verb

nōt
* third-person singular perfect active indicative of nōscō

## Luxembourgish
### Adjective

not
* strong/weak nominative/accusative neuter singular of no

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Reduction of nought (from Old English nāwiht, nōwiht).

#### Alternative forms

* nat, note, notte, nate, nut

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔt/, /nat/

#### Adverb

not
* not (negates the accompanying verb)
    Þei ne bileveden hire not. ― They didn't believe her.
* not (to no degree, extent, or way)
    Þou art not weyke. ― You aren't weak.
** c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Joon ·i· 5:3, page 115v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:foꝛ þis is þe charite of god .· þat we kepe hiſe comaundementis / ⁊ his maundementis ben not heuy.Now this is the love of God: us keeping his commandments. And his commandments aren't onerous.

##### Descendants

* English: not
* Geordie English: nut
* Scots: nat (obsolete)
* Yola: nat

##### References

* “not, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

#### Noun

not (uncountable)
* nothing, nought
* (rare) nobody, no person

##### Descendants

* English: not
* Scots: nat (obsolete)

##### References

* “not, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old English nāt, first and third person singular of nitan, equivalent to ne +‎ woot and ne +‎ witen.

#### Alternative forms

* noot, note, nat

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔːt/, /naːt/

#### Contraction

not
* Contraction of ne woot; not to know.
** 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:I noot which was the fairer of hem two(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Related terms

* nost
* nould

##### Descendants

* Yola: note

##### References

* “witen, v.$^1$”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* nót (alternative spelling of etymology 1 and 2)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nuːt/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse nót, from Proto-Germanic *nōtō (“net; seine”).

#### Noun

not f (definite singular nota, indefinite plural nøter, definite plural nøtene)
* (chiefly fishing) a net, seine

##### Derived terms

* dragnot
* flytenot
* fløytnot
* kastenot
* kilenot
* laksenot
* landnot
* notbas
* notbruk
* notfiske
* nothund
* notlag
* notnål
* notsteng
* notvarp
* posenot
* ringnot
* sildenot
* slepenot
* snurpenot

### Etymology 2

From Middle Low German.

#### Noun

not f (definite singular nota, indefinite plural noter, definite plural notene)
* (carpentry, mechanics) a groove (as used in a tongue and groove joint)
    Coordinate term: fjør

##### Derived terms

* nothøvel

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse hnot.

#### Noun

not f (definite singular nota, indefinite plural neter, definite plural netene)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of nøtt (“nut”)

### References

* “not” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* nót, nòt, ton, tòn

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* nōt

### Etymology

From Latin nota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /not/

### Noun

not m (nominative plural notas)
* a sign; mark; a mark made on an object

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: note, noote
** Scots: note
** English: note

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse nót, from Proto-Germanic *nōtō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noːt/

### Noun

nōt f
* net, seine

#### Descendants

* Swedish: not

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* notg (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

### Etymology

From Latin noctem, accusative of nox, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

### Noun

not f (plural nots)
* (Puter, Vallader) night

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

Borrowed from English note. The "money" sense comes from the now-rare £1 note.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪ˠɔht̪/
* (Lewis) IPA: [n̪ˠõht̪], [n̪ˠʊ̃ht̪]

### Noun

not m (genitive singular not, plural notaichean)
* (music) note
* (money) pound (sterling)

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Old French note (noun), noter (verb), both from Latin nota.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnuːt/

#### Noun

not c
* (music) note.
* a short message; note.
* (diplomacy) a formal message from a country to another country’s embassy.

##### Derived terms

* vara med på noterna

##### Related terms

* notera

### Etymology 2

Related to nät (“net”).

#### Noun

not c
* seine

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* ont, ton

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English North.

### Noun

not
* North

## Turkish
### Etymology

From French note.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnot/
* Rhymes: -ot

### Noun

not (definite accusative notu, plural notlar)
* a short message; note
    Not: Seni seviyorum. ― PS: I love you.
* grade, score

#### Declension
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔt/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English knot.

#### Noun

not m (plural notiau, not mutable)
* (aviation, nautical) knot

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

not
* Nasal mutation of dot.

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.