# 完

| 完 | U+5B8C, &#23436; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8C |
| ← 宋 [U+5B8B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宍 → [U+5B8D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

完 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十一一山 (JMMU), four-corner 3021$_1$, composition ⿱宀元)

#### Derived characters

* 俒 唍 垸 㛡 捖 浣 院 晥 脘 𮋲 梡 烷 琓 皖 睆 綄 羦 䖾 𧨎 輐 鋎 䯘 鯇(鲩) 䴷
* 鵍 莞 筦 𣻻 𥕜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7079
* Dae Jaweon: page 555, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 914, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5B8C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦŋoːn): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wán (wan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wan$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wán
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): wán
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun$^4$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yon$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): uon$^4$ / fon$^4$ / yon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vàn / vòn
    (Hailu, HRS): van / von
    (Meixian, Guangdong): van$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): van$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): uǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): uòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng$^2$ / yeng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^5$ / uêng$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nguang$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): jyun$^4$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$woe / $^2$we / $^2$ve / $^2$woe / $^2$won / $^2$woen / $^2$wun
** (Jinhua): ua$_2$; uan$_2$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): onn$^2$ / honn$^2$ / yenn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wán
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wán
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^2$
*** Yale: wán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
*** Sinological IPA : /uan²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: wán
*** Sinological IPA : /uã²⁴/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: wán
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /uã²⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: jun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /zun²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jᵘɔn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: uon$^4$ / fon$^4$ / yon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /uɵn³⁵/, /fɵn³⁵/, /yɵn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / vòn
*** Hakka Romanization System: van$^ˇ$ / von$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: van$^2$ / von$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /von¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: van / von
*** Sinological IPA: /van⁵⁵/, /von⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: van$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋan¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: van$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /uiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: é̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
*** Tâi-lô: uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uang$^5$ / uêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uâng / uêng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵⁵/, /ueŋ⁵⁵/
* uang5 - Shantou;
* uêng5 - Chaozhou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit完 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uan²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /van⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /vã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uan⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /van⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /van⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʊ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /væ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /væ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦuø²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦuø¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦuõ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jy³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /uɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uːə⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /õ¹³/ ～好 /yẽ¹³/ ～姑妈 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɔn¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uɵn⁴⁵/ /fɵn⁴⁵/ /yɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /van¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vɑn¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huan³⁵/ /uan³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uoŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /uaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwan
Rime :
| Character | 完 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡官切 |
| Baxter | hwan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwan/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤo[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋoːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 完 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁo[n]/ |
| English | finish (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 完 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16125 |
| Phonetic component | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 桓 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦŋoːn/ |

### Definitions

完
* whole; complete; intact
    完好 ― wánhǎo ― intact
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Chéng rù Zhào ér bì liú Qín; chéng bù rù, chén qǐng wán bì guī Zhào. [Pinyin]
    If the cities are granted to Zhao, the jade will remain in Qin; if the cities are not granted, allow your servant to return to Zhao with the jade intact.
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Dàrén qǐ jiàn fù cháo zhī xià, fù yǒu wán luǎn hū? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to end; to finish
    說個沒完／说个没完 ― shuō ge méi wán ― to not stop talking
       gam$^2$ zau$^6$ jyun$^4$ zo$^2$ laa$^4$? [Jyutping]
       Is that all!? / It's over just like that?
** Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
    食完 [Cantonese] ― sik$^6$ jyun$^4$ [Jyutping] ― done eating
    搞完！ [Cantonese] ― gaau$^2$ jyun$^4$! [Jyutping] ― Done!
       Nǐ de zuòyè zuò wán le méiyǒu? [Pinyin]
       Have you finished your homework?
    我還沒說完呢。／我还没说完呢。 ― Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne. ― I have not finished talking.
* to run out; to use up
    信紙用完了／信纸用完了 ― xìnzhǐ yòng wán le ― We are out of writing paper.
* to complete; to finish
    完工 ― wángōng ― to complete a project
    完稿 ― wángǎo ― to finish a piece of writing
* (obsolete) firm; stable
* perfect; faultless; flawless
    完人 ― wánrén ― perfect person
* to fail; to enter a dangerous or hopeless state; to be doomed; done for
* to pay; to pay back
    完稅／完税 ― wánshuì ― to pay taxes
* (obsolete) abundant; sufficient; plentiful
* (literary) to preserve
    From: 11th century, Su Xun, 六國論
    Bù lù zhě yǐ lù zhě sàng. Gài shī qiángyuán, bùnéng dú wán, gù yuē bì zài lù Qín yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to build; to repair; to renovate
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Pǔ bǐ Hán chéng, Yān shī suǒ wán. [Pinyin]
    Large is the wall of [the city of] Han, Built by the multitudes of Yan.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Fùmǔ shǐ Shùn wán lǐn, juān jiē, Gǔ Sǒu fén lǐn. [Pinyin]
    His parents set Shun to repair a granary, to which, the ladder having been removed, Gu Sou set fire.
* (historical) an ancient light punishment
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (whole):
* 了當 / 了当 (liǎodàng)
* 俱備 / 俱备 (jùbèi) (literary)
* 全 (quán)
* 全備 / 全备 (quánbèi)
* 全部 (quánbù) (attributive)
* 加尼 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 十足 (shízú)
* 囫圇 / 囫囵 (húlún)
* 囫圇個 / 囫囵个 (húlúngè) (colloquial)
* 妥 (tuǒ)
* 完備 / 完备 (wánbèi)
* 完全 (wánquán)
* 完具 (wánjù) (literary)
* 完整 (wánzhěng)
* 實足 / 实足 (shízú)
* 掃 / 扫 (literary, or in compounds)
* 整 (zhěng)
* 整個 / 整个 (zhěnggè) (attributive)
* 整齊 / 整齐 (zhěngqí)
* 渾然 / 浑然 (húnrán)
* 滿 / 满 (mǎn)
* 齊備 / 齐备 (qíbèi)
* 齊備 / 齐备 (chiâu-pī) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 齊全 / 齐全 (chiâu-chn̂g) (Hokkien)
* 齊全 / 齐全 (qíquán)
* (used after a verb): 盡／尽 (jìn)
* (Cantonese) (used after a verb): 嗮 (sài)
* (Hakka) (used after a verb): 撇
* (Hokkien) (used after a verb): 了

#### See also

* (Used after a verb): 了 (le)
* (Cantonese) (Used after a verb): 咗 (zo$^2$)

### Compounds

* 不完全是
* 不完全葉 / 不完全叶
* 乘凶完配
* 劉完素 / 刘完素
* 完了
* 完事 (wánshì)
* 完人 (wánrén)
* 完備 / 完备 (wánbèi)
* 完全 (wánquán)
* 完全中立
* 完全小學 / 完全小学
* 完全就業 / 完全就业 (wánquán jiùyè)
* 完全平方
* 完全打擊 / 完全打击
* 完全數 / 完全数 (wánquánshù)
* 完全比賽 / 完全比赛
* 完全燃燒 / 完全燃烧
* 完全立方
* 完全肥料
* 完全花
* 完全葉 / 完全叶
* 完全變態 / 完全变态
* 完具 (wánjù)
* 完卵
* 完善 (wánshàn)
* 完好 (wánhǎo)
* 完好如初 (wánhǎorúchū)
* 完好無缺 / 完好无缺 (wánhǎowúquē)
* 完婚 (wánhūn)
* 完完全全 (wánwánquánquán)
* 完封 (wánfēng)
* 完工 (wángōng)
* 完成 (wánchéng)
* 完房
* 完整 (wánzhěng)
* 完滿 / 完满 (wánmǎn)
* 完璧 (wánbì)
* 完璧歸趙 / 完璧归赵 (wánbìguīzhào)
* 完畢 / 完毕 (wánbì)
* 完稅 / 完税 (wánshuì)
* 完稅貨價 / 完税货价
* 完稿 (wángǎo)
* 完竣
* 完糧 / 完粮
* 完結 / 完结 (wánjié)
* 完結篇 / 完结篇
* 完美 (wánměi)
* 完美主義 / 完美主义 (wánměi zhǔyì)
* 完美無缺 / 完美无缺 (wánměiwúquē)
* 完聚
* 完膚 / 完肤 (wánfū)
* 完蛋 (wándàn)
* 完足 (wánzú)
* 完達山脈 / 完达山脉
* 完顏 / 完颜 (Wányán)
* 完飯 / 完饭
* 未完 (wèiwán)
* 沒了沒完 / 没了没完
* 沒完 / 没完 (méiwán)
* 沒完沒了 / 没完没了 (méiwánméiliǎo)
* 玩兒完 / 玩儿完 (wánrwán)
* 玩完 (wánwán)
* 用完 (yòngwán)
* 短褐不完
* 神完氣足 / 神完气足
* 肌無完膚 / 肌无完肤
* 衣不完采
* 補完 / 补完 (bǔwán)
* 覆巢之下無完卵 / 覆巢之下无完卵 (fùcháozhīxiàwúwánluǎn)
* 身無完膚 / 身无完肤
* 體無完膚 / 体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)
* 鹿裘不完

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: vẹn

### References

* “完”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: がん (gan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kun: まったい (mattai, 完い)、まっとう (mattou, 完う)

#### Compounds

* 完(かん)成(せい) (kansei): completion, finish; to become complete or finished
* 完(かん)全(ぜん) (kanzen): complete, perfect; faultless
* 完(かん)品(ぴん) (kanpin): faultless article
* 完(かん)了(りょう) (kanryō): completion, finish; to complete or finish something

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 完
* かん Grade: 4
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Affix

完(かん) • (kan)
* complete, perfect, infallible, faultless
* to complete, to finish

### Noun

完(かん) • (kan)
* the end; finis (used at the end of a novel, movie, etc.)

### Suffix

完(かん) • (-kan)
* completion; conclusion; end
* fully provided

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).

### Hanja

Wikisource 完 (eumhun 완전할 완 (wanjeonhal wan))
* hanja form of 완 (“complete; whole”)

#### Compounds

* 미완성 (未完成, miwanseong, “incompletion”)
* 완결 (完結, wan'gyeol, “conclusion”)
* 완료 (完了, wallyo, “completion”)
* 완벽 (完璧, wanbyeok, “perfection”)
* 완성 (完成, wanseong, “completion”)
* 완전 (完全, wanjeon, “complete; whole”)
* 완패 (完敗, wanpae, “defeat”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

完: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn
* complete (used only as part of a compound)

#### Compounds

* hoàn hảo (“successfully done, perfect”) (完好)
* hoàn thiện (“to complete, to perfect”) (完善)
* hoàn thành (“to accomplish, to finish, to complete”) (完成)
* hoàn toàn (“complete, completely”) (完全)