# 擔

| 擔 | U+64D4, &#25812; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64D4 |
| ← 擓 [U+64D3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 擕 → [U+64D5] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 担 |
| Simplified | 担 |
| Traditional | 擔 |

### Han character

擔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手弓金口 (QNCR), four-corner 5706$_1$, composition ⿰扌詹)

#### Descendants

* 担

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 459, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12828
* Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1971, character 3
* Unihan data for U+64D4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 甔 | *toːm, *taːm, *taːms |
| 擔 | *taːm, *taːms |
| 儋 | *ʔl'aːm |
| 聸 | *taːm |
| 膽 | *taːmʔ |
| 黵 | *taːmʔ, *tjamʔ |
| 澹 | *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms |
| 憺 | *daːmʔ, *daːms |
| 瞻 | *tjam |
| 詹 | *tjam |
| 蟾 | *tjam, *djam |
| 噡 | *tjam |
| 譫 | *tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb |
| 幨 | *tʰjam, *tʰjams |
| 襜 | *tʰjam, *tʰjams |
| 韂 | *tʰjams |
| 贍 | *djams |
| 檐 | *lam |
| 簷 | *lam |
| 舚 | *tʰeːm, *tʰeːms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːm, *taːms): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand.

### Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”).
The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dān (dan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dan$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): am$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tâm
    (Hailu, HRS): dam$^ˋ$
* Northern Min (KCR): dāng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dăng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dang$^1$ / dor$^1$ / dorⁿ$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): taⁿ / tam
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dam$^1$ / dang$^1$ / dan$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$te; $^1$ne
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dan
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^1$
*** Yale: dān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dan
*** Sinological IPA : /tan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daam$^1$
*** Yale: dāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːm⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: am$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /am³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dāng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dăng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dang$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dang
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dor$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤ⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒ̃⁵³³/
* dor1/dorⁿ1 - vernacular (as in 擔水);
* dang1 - literary (as in 擔任).
* Middle Chinese: tam
Rime :
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都甘切 |
| Baxter | tam |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tam/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tˤam/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tam › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-tˁam/ |
| English | carry on the shoulder |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16747 |
| Phonetic component | 詹 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擔 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːm/ |
| Notes | 見國語說文作儋 |

#### Definitions

擔
* to carry on a shoulder pole
* to bear; to shoulder; to undertake
* (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth
       keoi$^5$ daam$^1$ zyu$^6$ zi$^1$ jin$^1$ haang$^4$ lou$^6$. [Jyutping]
       He is walking with a cigarette in his mouth.
       tiu$^4$ cung$^4$ bei$^2$ zek$^3$ zoek$^3$ zai$^2$ daam$^1$ zau$^2$ zo$^2$. [Jyutping]
       The worm was taken away by the bird with the beak.

##### Synonyms

* (to bear):
* 充任 (chōngrèn)
* 充作 (chōngzuò) (of an unqualified person or thing)
* 充當 / 充当 (chōngdāng)
* 坐投 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 坐擔 / 坐担 (Hokkien)
* 坐斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 承受 (chéngshòu)
* 承擔 / 承担 (chéngdān)
* 承當 / 承当 (chéngdāng)
* 接載 / 接载 (Hokkien)
* 擔任 / 担任 (dānrèn)
* 擔承 / 担承 (dānchéng)
* 擔當 / 担当 (dāndāng)
* 擔負 / 担负 (dānfù)
* 擔責承 / 担责承 (Hokkien)
* 擔領 / 担领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 稟受 / 禀受 (bǐngshòu) (literary)
* 肩 (jiān)
* 肩負 / 肩负 (jiānfù)
* 負擔 / 负担 (fùdān)
* 負荷 / 负荷 (fùhè)
* 食坐 (Hokkien)
* 食擔 / 食担 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 分擔 / 分担 (fēndān)
* 受怕擔憂 / 受怕担忧
* 慷慨擔承 / 慷慨担承
* 承擔 / 承担 (chéngdān)
* 擔不是 / 担不是
* 擔不起 / 担不起
* 擔人情 / 担人情
* 擔仗 / 担仗
* 擔任 / 担任 (dānrèn)
* 擔保 / 担保 (dānbǎo)
* 擔保品 / 担保品
* 擔保放款 / 担保放款
* 擔保權 / 担保权
* 擔保物權 / 担保物权
* 擔免 / 担免
* 擔夫 / 担夫
* 擔孤受寡 / 担孤受寡
* 擔帶 / 担带
* 擔干係 / 担干系
* 擔干紀 / 担干纪
* 擔待 / 担待 (dāndài)
* 擔心 / 担心 (dānxīn)
* 擔憂 / 担忧 (dānyōu)
* 擔戴 / 担戴
* 擔扶 / 担扶
* 擔承 / 担承 (dānchéng)
* 擔擱 / 担搁
* 擔架 / 担架 (dānjià)
* 擔水 / 担水
* 擔湯擔水 / 担汤担水
* 擔湯運水 / 担汤运水
* 擔當 / 担当 (dāndāng)
* 擔當不起 / 担当不起
* 擔當不過 / 担当不过
* 擔簦 / 担簦
* 擔糞 / 担粪
* 擔綱 / 担纲 (dāngāng)
* 擔肩 / 担肩
* 擔荷 / 担荷
* 擔誤 / 担误
* 擔負 / 担负 (dānfù)
* 擔負公徒 / 担负公徒
* 擔遮 / 担遮
* 擔酒牽羊 / 担酒牵羊
* 擔錯 / 担错
* 擔閣 / 担阁
* 擔隔夜憂 / 担隔夜忧
* 擔險 / 担险
* 擔雪塞井 / 担雪塞井
* 擔雪填井 / 担雪填井
* 擔雪填河 / 担雪填河
* 擔風袖月 / 担风袖月
* 擔飢受凍 / 担饥受冻
* 擔饒 / 担饶
* 擔驚 / 担惊
* 擔驚受怕 / 担惊受怕 (dānjīngshòupà)
* 擔驚受恐 / 担惊受恐 (dānjīngshòukǒng)
* 析圭擔爵 / 析圭担爵
* 枉擔虛名 / 枉担虚名
* 沒擔當 / 没担当
* 牽羊擔酒 / 牵羊担酒
* 荷擔 / 荷担
* 訴訟擔保 / 诉讼担保
* 負擔 / 负担 (fùdān)
* 負笈擔簦 / 负笈担簦
* 躡蹻擔簦 / 蹑跷担簦
* 連帶負擔 / 连带负担

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàn (dan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daam$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tam
    (Hailu, HRS): dam$^ˇ$
* Northern Min (KCR): dáng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dáng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dang$^4$ / dor$^4$ / dorⁿ$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tàⁿ / tàm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dan$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$te
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (擔兒 / 担儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dànr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dànr
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dànr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dall
*** Palladius: даньр (danʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daam$^3$
*** Yale: daam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːm³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tam
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dáng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dáng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dang$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: da̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁴²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dor$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤̍ⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorⁿ$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒ̃⁴²/
* dor4/dorⁿ4 - vernacular (as in 擔頭重, 大擔);
* dang4 - literary (as in 擔子, 重擔).
* Middle Chinese: tamH
Rime :
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都濫切 |
| Baxter | tamH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤam/, /*mə-tˤam-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 擔 | 擔 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàn | dàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tam › | ‹ tam$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁam/ | /*mə-tˁam-s/ |
| English | burden | burden |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16753 |
| Phonetic component | 詹 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擔 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːms/ |

#### Definitions

擔
* carrying pole with loads on both ends
* burden; load; responsibilities
* picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties
** (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms
** (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms
* Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load

#### Compounds

* 仙人擔 / 仙人担 (xiānréndàn)
* 公擔 / 公担 (gōngdàn)
* 剃頭擔子 / 剃头担子 (tìtóu dànzi)
* 卸擔子 / 卸担子 (xièdànzi)
* 家無擔石 / 家无担石 (jiāwúdànshí)
* 扁擔 / 扁担
* 挑擔 / 挑担 (tiāodàn)
* 挑擔子 / 挑担子 (tiāodànzi)
* 挑重擔 / 挑重担 (tiāozhòngdàn)
* 擔仔 / 担仔 (tàⁿ-á)
* 擔仔麵 / 担仔面 (dànzǎimiàn)
* 擔兒 / 担儿 (dànr)
* 擔子 / 担子 (dànzi)
* 擔子菌 / 担子菌
* 擔擔麵 / 担担面
* 擔杖 / 担杖 (dànzhàng)
* 擔石 / 担石
* 擔腳 / 担脚 (dànjiǎo)
* 春盛擔子 / 春盛担子 (chūnshèng dànzi)
* 生意擔子 / 生意担子 (shēngyi dànzi)
* 石擔 / 石担 (shídàn)
* 磨擔 / 磨担 (módàn)
* 籮擔 / 箩担 (luódàn)
* 肩擔之家 / 肩担之家 (jiāndànzhījiā)
* 調書擔兒 / 调书担儿
* 貨郎擔兒 / 货郎担儿 (huòlángdànr)
* 趕飯擔 / 赶饭担 (gǎnfàndàn)
* 重擔 / 重担 (zhòngdàn)

### References

* “擔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “擔”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “擔”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “擔”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “担 (～任)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 194.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “担 (挑～)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 194.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 担 |
| Kyūjitai | 擔 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 担)
* A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb
* shouldering
* carry
* raise
* bear

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)
* On: けつ (ketsu)、せん (sen)
* Kun: になう (ninau, 擔う)、かつぐ (katsugu, 擔ぐ)

## Korean
### Hanja

擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam))
* hanja form of 담 (“shouldering”)
* hanja form of 담 (“carry”)
* hanja form of 담 (“raise”)
* hanja form of 담 (“bear”)

#### Compounds

* 담당 (擔當, damdang, “responsibility, charge”)
* 담임 (擔任, damim, “homeroom teacher”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

擔: Hán Nôm readings: đâm, đảm, tạ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.