# perca
## Catalan
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin perca.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈpɛr.kə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈpeɾ.ka]

### Noun

perca f (plural perques)
* perch

#### Derived terms

* perca americana

### Further reading

* “perca” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Verb

perca
* (reintegrationist norm) inflection of perder:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Hindustani (Urdu پارچہ (pārca, “scrap, rag, cloth”), Hindi पारचा (pārcā, “scrap, rag, cloth”)), from Persian پارچه (pârče, “piece, cloth”), the diminutive of پاره (pâre).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərˈt͡ʃa]
* Hyphenation: pêrca

### Noun

pêrca (plural perca-perca)
* cloth from remainder fabric

### References

* ↑ Mohammad Khosh Haikal Azad (2018) “Historical Cultural Linkages between Iran and Southeast Asia: Entered Persian Vocabularies in the Malay Language”, in Journal of Cultural Relation (in Persian), pages 117-144

### Further reading

* “perca” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin perca, from Ancient Greek πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛr.ka/
* Rhymes: -ɛrka
* Hyphenation: pèr‧ca

### Noun

perca f (plural perche)
* (zoology, ichthyology) perch, Perca fluviatilis

### Anagrams

* capre, carpe, crepa

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“spotted, speckled”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈper.ka/, [ˈpɛrkä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈper.ka/, [ˈpɛrkä]

### Noun

perca f (genitive percae); first declension
* a perch (fish)
** c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 32.40: […] similiter percae salsae e capite cinis melle addito […] Heads of salted perch, reduced to ashes, and applied with honey, are equally useful for the purpose.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: perca
* Italian: perca
* Old French: perche
** → Middle English: perche
*** English: perch
** French: perche
* Portuguese: perca
* Spanish: perca
* Translingual: Perca
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *percula
** Italian: perchia, >? pirchio

### References

* “perca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “perca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "perca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* perca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

From Latin perca (“perch”), from Ancient Greek πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɛʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpɛh.kɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɛʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpɛh.kɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈpɛɾ.kɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpɛʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpɛχ.kɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɛɻ.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɛɾ.kɐ/
* Hyphenation: per‧ca

#### Noun

perca f (plural percas)
* perch (fish in the genus Perca)

##### Derived terms

* perca do Nilo

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* pêrca (pre-reform spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpeʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpeh.kɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpeʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpeh.kɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈpeɾ.kɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpeʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpeχ.kɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpeɻ.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɛɾ.kɐ/
* Hyphenation: per‧ca

#### Verb

perca
* inflection of perder:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Etymology 3

From inflected form of perder (“to lose”).

#### Alternative forms

* pêrca (pre-reform spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpeʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpeh.kɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpeʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpeh.kɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈpeɾ.kɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpeʁ.kɐ/ [ˈpeχ.kɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpeɻ.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɛɾ.kɐ/
* Hyphenation: per‧ca

#### Noun

perca f (plural percas)
* (proscribed) Synonym of perda

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin perca, from Ancient Greek πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpeɾka/ [ˈpeɾ.ka]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾka
* Syllabification: per‧ca

### Noun

perca f (plural percas)
* perch, Perca fluviatilis
    Synonyms: robalo, róbalo, lubina
* bass

#### Derived terms

* perca amarilla
* perca común
* perca del Nilo
* perca sol

### Further reading

* “perca”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10