OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# guasca
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡwaska/ [ˈɡwas.ka]
* Audio (Peru):(file)
* Rhymes: -aska
* Syllabification: guas‧ca

### Noun

guasca f
* A flowering plant, native to Mexico, shaggy soldier (Galinsoga quadriradiata)
* (uncountable) a genre of music, popular in Colombia but with Mexican roots, popular from the 1940s

### Further reading

* “guasca”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “guasca”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
* DiPerú | Diccionario de peruanismos en línea
# ฟก
## Thai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *wokᴰ (“bruised”).
Cognate with Lao ຟຸກ (fuk), Zhuang foeg (“swollen”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | ฟก v k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | fók |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | fok |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /fok̚˦˥/ |

### Adjective

ฟก • (fók) (abstract noun ความฟก)
* bruised.

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 347
# 고기겹빵
## Korean
### Etymology

고기 (gogi, “meat”) +‎ 겹 (gyeop, “layer”) +‎ 빵 (ppang, “bread”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ko̞ɡiɡjʌ̹p̚p͈a̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [고기겹빵]

### Noun

고기겹빵 • (gogigyeopppang)
* (North Korea, chiefly Pyongyang) hamburger (sandwich)

#### Synonyms

* (South Korea) 햄버거 (haembeogeo, “hamburger”)
# Cædwallan
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkæd.wɑl.lɑn/, [ˈkæd.wɑɫ.ɫɑn]

### Proper noun

Cædwallan
* accusative/genitive/dative singular of Cædwalla
# steaks de Hambourg
## French
### Noun

steaks de Hambourg m
* plural of steak de Hambourg
# thirty pieces of silver
## English
### Alternative forms

* 30 pieces of silver

### Etymology

Referring to the reward given to Judas for betraying Jesus, according to the Bible.

### Noun

thirty pieces of silver pl (plural only)
* (figurative) A reward for betrayal.
    His corrupt inspections led to unsafe buildings, but what did he care? He'd gotten his thirty pieces of silver.

#### See also

* filthy lucre
# たけとみ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of たけとみ – see the following entry. :
| 【竹富】 | [proper noun] An island in Okinawa Prefecture. [proper noun] a surname |
(This term, たけとみ (taketomi), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# おしか
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of おしか – see the following entry. :
| 【牡鹿】 | [proper noun] a place name |
(This term, おしか (oshika), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# トバゴとう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of トバゴとう – see the following entry. :
| 【トバゴ島】 | [proper noun] Tobago |
(This term, トバゴとう (tobagotō), is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# なんさしょとう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of なんさしょとう – see the following entry. :
| 【南沙諸島】 | [proper noun] the Spratly Islands |
(This term, なんさしょとう (nansashotō), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# 擁擠
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōngjǐ, yǒngjǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ ㄐㄧˇ, ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^2$ zai$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iòng-ché / ióng-ché
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōngjǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yongjǐ
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^1$-chi$^3$
*** Yale: yūng-jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iongjii
*** Palladius: юнцзи (junczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒngjǐ [Phonetic: yóngjǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒngjǐ
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^3$-chi$^3$
*** Yale: yǔng-jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeongjii
*** Palladius: юнцзи (junczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^2$ zai$^1$
*** Yale: yúng jāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^2$ dzai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^2$ zei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iòng-ché
*** Tâi-lô: iòng-tsé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iorngzea
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡se⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡se⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-ché
*** Tâi-lô: ióng-tsé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iofngzea
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se⁵³/

### Adjective

擁擠
* crowded; congested; packed

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 擠迫／挤迫

### Verb

擁擠
* to crowd; to push and shove
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Cìrì, Xúzhōu bǎixìng, yōngjǐ fǔ qián kū bài yuē: “Liú shǐjūn ruò bù lǐng cǐ jùn, wǒděng jiē bùnéng ānshēng yǐ!” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

* 簇擁 / 簇拥 (cùyōng)
* 緊緊地挨在一起 / 紧紧地挨在一起 (jǐnjǐn de āi zài yīqǐ)
* 蜂擁 / 蜂拥 (fēngyōng)
# ニューファンドランドとう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ニューファンドランドとう – see the following entry. :
| 【ニューファンドランド島】 | [proper noun] Newfoundland |
(This term, ニューファンドランドとう (nyūfandorandotō), is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# Niigata
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 新潟(にいがた) (Nīgata).

### Proper noun

Niigata
* A prefecture of Japan.
* The capital city of Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

#### Translations
### See also

* Aichi
* Akita
* Aomori
* Chiba
* Ehime
* Fukui
* Fukuoka
* Fukushima
* Gifu
* Gunma
* Hiroshima
* Hokkaidō
* Hyōgo
* Ibaraki
* Ishikawa
* Iwate
* Kagawa
* Kagoshima
* Kanagawa
* Kōchi
* Kumamoto
* Kyoto
* Mie
* Miyagi
* Miyazaki
* Nagano
* Nagasaki
* Nara
* Niigata
* Ōita
* Okayama
* Okinawa
* Osaka
* Saga
* Saitama
* Shiga
* Shimane
* Shizuoka
* Tochigi
* Tokushima
* Tokyo
* Tottori
* Toyama
* Wakayama
* Yamagata
* Yamaguchi
* Yamanashi

### Anagrams

* ignatia

## Japanese
### Romanization

Niigata
* Rōmaji transcription of にいがた
# 𢒂

| 𢒂 | U+22482, &#140418; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-22482 |
| ← 𢒁 [U+22481] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𢒃 → [U+22483] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𢒂 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+4, 5 strokes, composition ⿺九彡)
# Mimasaka
## English
### Proper noun

Mimasaka
* A city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
* (historical) A provice in Japan.
# Misato
## English
### Proper noun

Misato
* A town and city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

#### Translations
## Japanese
### Romanization

Misato
* Rōmaji transcription of みさと
# เตือน
## Thai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *tɯənᴬ (“to warn”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩮᩥ᩠ᨶ, Lao ເຕືອນ (tư̄an), Lü ᦵᦎᦲᧃ (ṫoen), Zhuang dwen, Zuojiang Zhuang dwen.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | เตือน e t ụ̄ ɒ n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | dtʉʉan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | tuean |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tɯa̯n˧/ |

### Verb

เตือน • (dtʉʉan) (abstract noun การเตือน)
* to warn, to alarm, to alert, to caution; to notify, to advise; to remind, to recall; to bring to senses.

#### Derived terms

* ของเลื่อนเตือนขันหมาก
* คำเตือน (kam-dtʉʉan)
* ตักเตือน
* เตือนใจ
* เตือนตา
* เตือนสติ

#### Descendants

* → Khmer: តឿន (tɨən)

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 348
# パラセルぐんとう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of パラセルぐんとう – see the following entry. :
| 【パラセル群島】 | [proper noun] Synonym of 西沙諸島 (Seisa Shotō, “Paracel Islands”) |
(This term, パラセルぐんとう (paraseruguntō), is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# bindem
## Albanian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

bíndem (aorist u binda, participle bindur)
* to obey

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “bindem”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
# українсько-польський
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From українсько- (ukrajinsʹko-) +‎ польський (polʹsʹkyj).

### Adjective

украї́нсько-польський • (ukrajínsʹko-polʹsʹkyj)
* Of or pertaining to both Poland and Ukraine

#### Derived terms

* українсько-польські війни
# Kikoin
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Belarusian Кікоін (Kikóin) or Russian Кикоин (Kikoin).

### Proper noun

Kikoin (plural Kikoins)
* A surname from Belarusian or Russian.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Kikoin”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 302.
* Forebears
# 비백서
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 飛白書.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pibɛks͈ʌ̹] ~ [pibe̞ks͈ʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [비백써/비벡써]

### Noun

비백서 • (bibaekseo) (hanja 飛白書)
* (Chinese calligraphy) flying white

#### Synonyms

* 비백 (飛白, bibaek)
# невредимый
## Russian
### Etymology

не- (ne-) +‎ вреди́ть (vredítʹ) +‎ -и́мый (-ímyj)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʲɪvrʲɪˈdʲimɨj]

### Adjective

невреди́мый • (nevredímyj) (comparative (по)невреди́мее or (по)невреди́мей)
* unscathed, unharmed, unhurt, safe, intact
    цел и невредим ― cel i nevredim ― safe and sound
** 1935, Леонид Леонов [Leonid Leonov], “Курилов разговаривает”, in Дорога на Океан; English translation from Road to the Ocean, (Please provide a date or year):Кури́лов сде́ржанно вы́разил недоуме́ние, каки́м о́бразом пья́ный машини́ст, на ходу́ по́езда вы́павший из бу́дки, оста́лся невреди́мым.Kurílov sdéržanno výrazil nedouménije, kakím óbrazom pʹjányj mašiníst, na xodú pójezda výpavšij iz búdki, ostálsja nevredímym.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* невре́дный (nevrédnyj)
* вреди́ть (vredítʹ), вреди́тель (vredítelʹ), вреди́тельство (vredítelʹstvo)
* вред (vred)
* вре́дный (vrédnyj), вре́дно (vrédno)
* вредоно́сный (vredonósnyj)
# hòn
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 丸 (SV: hoàn). Doublet of viên.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hɔn˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [hɔŋ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [hɔŋ˨˩]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Classifier

hòn • (丸, 塊, 𡉕, 𪢰)
* Used for small, solid and roundish objects, such as rocks, pebbles, bricks, testicles, etc.
    Synonyms: cục, viên
* Used for standalone mountains and islands.
# cot-caught merger
## English
### Pronunciation

* (US, without the merger) enPR: ʹkŏt kôt mûrjər IPA: /ˈkɑt kɔt ˌmɝd͡ʒɚ/
** Audio (US, without the cot–caught merger):(file)
* (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈkɑt kɑt ˌmɝd͡ʒɚ/
** Audio (US, cot–caught merger):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkɒt kɔːt ˌmɜːd͡ʒə/
** (Standard Southern British) IPA: [ˈkɔt koːt ˌməːd͡ʒə]
* (Scotland) IPA: /ˈkɔt kɔt ˌmɛɾdʒəɾ/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈkɔt koːt ˌmɜːd͡ʒə/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈkɔt koːt ˌmøːd͡ʒɘ/

### Noun

cot-caught merger (plural cot-caught mergers)
* (phonology) A phonemic merger in some varieties of English (especially American, Canadian and Scottish English) in which the vowels in words such as hot and doll (/ɒ/) and in words such as law and talk (/ɔː/) are pronounced identically, making the words cot and caught homophones.
    Synonym: low back merger
** 2011, Scott F Kiesling, Linguistic Variation and Change, page 81:One was /au/-monophthongisation, described earlier in Chapter 2, while the second was the so-called low-back merger (LBM), also referred to as the cot–caught merger because words in these two classes are pronounced the same and speakers cannot hear any small differences in their pronunciation, even when they are present.

### See also

* father-bother merger
# grondel
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch grondel. Equivalent to grond (“ground, bottom”) +‎ -el, because fish of this species usually stay on the bottom of the water they live in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɣrɔn.dəl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gron‧del
* Rhymes: -ɔndəl

### Noun

grondel m or f (plural grondels, diminutive grondeltje n)
* goby, fish of the family Gobiidae

#### Derived terms

* grondelvoorn
* riviergrondel
# семафорный
## Russian
### Etymology

семафо́р (semafór) +‎ -ный (-nyj)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲɪmɐˈfornɨj]

### Adjective

семафо́рный • (semafórnyj)
* (relational) semaphore
** 1935, Леонид Леонов [Leonid Leonov], “Курилов разговаривает”, in Дорога на Океан; English translation from Road to the Ocean, (Please provide a date or year):Зелёная семафо́рная звезда́ одино́ко всплыла́ над голово́й.Zeljónaja semafórnaja zvezdá odinóko vsplylá nad golovój.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# חפר פרות
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Literally, “to dig fruit”, likely a corruption, as the term is attested as a single word in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

### Noun

חֲפַרְפֶּרֶת • (khafarpéret, ḥăp̄ar pereṯ) f (plural indefinite חֲפַרְ פָּרוֹת)
* Alternative spelling of חֲפַרְפֶּרֶת (ḥăp̄arpereṯ)
** Tanach, Isaiah 2:20, with translation of the New International Version:בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יַשְׁלִיךְ הָאָדָם אֵת אֱלִילֵי כַסְפּוֹ וְאֵת אֱלִילֵי זְהָבוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ לוֹ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺת לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִיםbajjōm hahūʾ jaŝlīḵ hāʾāḏām ʾēṯ ʾĕlīlē kaspō vəʾēṯ ʾĕlīlē zəhāḇō ʾăŝer ʿāśū lō ləhiŝtaḥăvoṯ laḥəp̄or pēroṯ vəlāʿăṭallep̄imIn that day people will throw away to the moles and bats their idols of silver and idols of gold, which they made to worship.

#### Usage notes

* Attested in the Masoretic Text. Mostly rendered as a single word outside of this one context.

### References

* “חפר פרות” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# -gamia
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English -gamy), ultimately from Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos).

### Suffix

-gamia
* -gamy

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* maagi, magia

## Italian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos).

### Suffix

-gamia f
* -gamy

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* magia

## Polish
### Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡa.mja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -amja
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Suffix

-gamia
* -gamy
    ‎anemo- + ‎-gamia → ‎anemogamia

#### See also

* -gam

### Further reading

* -gamia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos) +‎ -ia.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡaˈmi.ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡaˈmi.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ɡaˈmi.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɐˈmi.ɐ/

### Suffix

-gamia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -gamias)
* -gamy

#### Derived terms
## Spanish
### Suffix

-gamia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -gamias)
* -gamy

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “-gamia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# storkonungen
## Swedish
### Noun

storkonungen
* definite singular of storkonung
# -gonia
## Polish
### Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɔɲ.ja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲja
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Suffix

-gonia
* -gony
    ‎amfi- + ‎-gonia → ‎amfigonia

#### Derived terms
### See also

* gono-

### Further reading

* -gonia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# pjellat
## Albanian
### Noun

pjellat
* definite nominative/accusative plural of pjellë
# ahesh
## Albanian
### Noun

ahesh
* indefinite ablative plural of ah
# ahe
## Albanian
### Noun

ahe
* indefinite nominative/accusative plural of ah

## Inari Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *ëkē.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ahe
* age

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* ahe in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022) Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎, Tromsø: UiT
* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Karelian

Regional variants of ahe :
| North Karelian (Viena) | ahe |
| South Karelian (Tver) | — |

### Etymology

Cognate with Finnish ahde.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑhe/
* Hyphenation: a‧he

### Noun

ahe (genitive ahtien, partitive ahetta)
* (North Karelian) Synonym of rinneh (“slope”)

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “ahe”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎, Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

## Lutuv
### Pronunciation

IPA: /əhee/

### Noun

ahe
* mango

### References

* Amalia L. Robinson (2022) “Standard Sentential Negation in Basic Declarative Utterances in Hnaring Lutuv”, in Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures‎, volume 3, number 1

## Maore Comorian
### Adjective

-ahe (declinable)
* his/her (third-person singular possessive adjective)

#### See also
## Middle English
### Noun

ahe
* Alternative form of awe

## Nias
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay, compare Malay kaki.

### Noun

ahe (mutated form gahe)
* leg
# Shilin
## English
### Alternative forms

* Shihlin (Wade–Giles)

### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 士林 (Shìlín).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: shûʹlǐnʹ

### Proper noun

Shilin
* A district of Taipei, Taiwan.
** 2013 April 11, Yeou-Jey Hsu, “36 Hours in Taipei, Taiwan”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 October 2013, Travel‎:The Shida District appeals to the young and chic, and the Shilin District market is impressive for its sheer size.
** 2016 December, Wendy Lee, The Art of Confidence: A Novel‎ (Fiction), Kensington Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 67–68:At Taoyuan International Airport, he flagged a taxi and was soon on his way home, north of Taipei. Last year his wife had convinced him to buy a town house out in Shilin District at the edge of Yangmingshan National Park. […] Traditionally, the suburban area of Shilin District had been populated by politicians and diplomats, since they were the ones who had money.
** 2019 January 27, “Sakura bloom quietly in the mountains of Taipei's Shilin”, in Taiwan News‎, archived from the original on January 15, 2025, Travel‎:If you want to watch sakura, but wish to get away from crowds during the Lunar New Year holiday, Zhongshe Rd. (中社路) in the mountains of Taipei’s Shilin District is the place for you.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “Taiwan place names”, in Pinyin.info‎, 2006, archived from the original on 2006-10-01‎:This list of city and county names of places in Taiwan gives Chinese characters, Hanyu Pinyin, Tongyong Pinyin, and a commonly seen older form (usually bastardized Wade-Giles). […] 鄉鎮市區別 / Hanyu Pinyin (recommended) / Hanyu Pinyin (with tones) / Tongyong Pinyin / old forms […] 士林區 / Shilin / Shìlín / Shihlin / Shihlin
* ↑ Leon E. Seltzer, editor (1952), “Shihlin”, in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World‎, Morningside Heights, NY: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 1752, column 3: “Shihlin (shûʹlǐnʹ), Jap. [Japanese] Shirin (shēʹrēn)”

### Further reading

* Shilin, Shihlin, Shih-lin at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
# हस्तिस्नान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit हस्तिस्नान (hastisnāna).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɦəs.t̪ɪs.nɑːn/, [ɦɐs.t̪ɪs.nä̃ːn]
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

### Noun

हस्तिस्नान • (hastisnān) m
* washing of an elephant; (figuratively) used to indicate a useless or unproductive work

#### Synonyms

* गजस्नान (gajsnān)

### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “हस्तिस्नान”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* হস্তিস্নান (Assamese script)
* ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢᬶᬲ᭄ᬦᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
* হস্তিস্নান (Bengali script)
* 𑰮𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰰𑰭𑰿𑰡𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀦𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ဟသ္တိသ္နာန (Burmese script)
* હસ્તિસ્નાન (Gujarati script)
* ਹਸ੍ਤਿਸ੍ਨਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌹𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌿𑌸𑍍𑌨𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦤꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂯𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂱𑂮𑂹𑂢𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಹಸ್ತಿಸ್ನಾನ (Kannada script)
* ហស្តិស្នាន (Khmer script)
* ຫສ຺ຕິສ຺ນານ (Lao script)
* ഹസ്തിസ്നാന (Malayalam script)
* ᡥᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᡳᠰ᠌ᠨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘱𑘭𑘿𑘡𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠾᠠᠰᢐᠢᠰᠨᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧎𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧒𑧍𑧠𑧁𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐴𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐣𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
* ହସ୍ତିସ୍ନାନ (Odia script)
* ꢲꢱ꣄ꢡꢶꢱ꣄ꢥꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆲𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆴𑆱𑇀𑆤𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖮𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖰𑖭𑖿𑖡𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
* හස‍්තිස‍්නාන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪂𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩑𑪁 𑪙𑩯𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚩𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚮𑚨𑚶𑚝𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
* ஹஸ்திஸ்நாந (Tamil script)
* హస్తిస్నాన (Telugu script)
* หสฺติสฺนาน (Thai script)
* ཧ་སྟི་སྣཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒯𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒱𑒮𑓂𑒢𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨱𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨁𑨰𑩇𑨝𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From हस्तिन् (hastin, “elephant”) +‎ स्नान (snāna, “bathing, washing”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦɐs.tis.nɑː.nɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦɐs̪.t̪is̪.n̪ɑː.n̪ɐ/

### Noun

हस्तिस्नान • (hastisnāna) stem, n
* washing of an elephant
* (figuratively) used to indicate useless or unefficacious efforts, resembling the elephants’ habit of pouring dirt or mud over their bodies after bathing
** c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa 1.17:अवशेन्द्रियचित्तानां हस्तिस्नानमिव‌ क्रिया । दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना ॥avaśendriyacittānāṃ hastisnānamiva kriyā. durbhagābharaṇaprāyo jñānaṃ bhāraḥ kriyāṃ vinā.1880 translation by Frederic PincottThe act of those whose senses and heart are not under control (is) like the washing of an elephant. Knowledge without practice (is) a burden, like ornaments on an ill-disposed wife.

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Synonyms

* कुञ्जरशौच (kuñjaraśauca)
* कुञ्जरस्नान (kuñjarasnāna)
* गजस्नान (gajasnāna)

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: हस्तिस्नान (hastisnān) (learned)

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “हस्तिन्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan