# tribunal
## English
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *tréyes
From Old French tribunal, from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”), from tribus (“tribe”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /tɹaɪˈbjunəl/, /tɹəˈbjunəl/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɹaɪˈbjuːnəl/, /tɹɪˈbjuːnəl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːnəl

### Noun

tribunal (plural tribunals)
* (law) An assembly including one or more judges to conduct judicial business; a court of law.
** 1611, Thomas Coryate, Coryat's Crudities hastily gobbled up in Five Months Travels in France, Italy, &c:Having now so amply declared unto thee most of the principal things of this thrice-renowned and illustrious city, I will briefly by way of an epitome mention most of the other particulars thereof, and so finally shut up this narration: there are reported to be in Venice and the circumjacent islands two hundred churches in which are one hundred forth-three pairs of organs, fifty-four monasteries, twenty-six nunneries, fifty-six tribunals or places of judgment, seventeen hospitals, six companies or fraternities, whereof I have before spoken; one hundred and sixty-five marble statues of worthy personages, partly equestrial, partly pedestrial, which are erected in sundry places of the city, to the honour of those that either at home have prudently administered the commonweal, or abroad valiantly fought for the same.
* (Philippines, historical) A kind of village hall used to transact business, to quarter troops and travellers, and to confine prisoners.

#### Derived terms

* drumhead tribunal
* employment tribunal
* industrial tribunal
* military tribunal

#### Translations

Albanian: gjykatë (sq) f
Arabic: مَحْكَمَة (ar) f (maḥkama)
Armenian: դատարան (hy) (dataran), տրիբունալ (hy) (tribunal)
Azerbaijani: məhkəmə (az), tribunal (az)
Belarusian: трыбуна́л m (trybunál), суд m (sud)
Bengali: আদালত (bn) (adalot), ট্রাইব্যুনাল (ṭraibbunal)
Bulgarian: трибуна́л (bg) m (tribunál), съд (bg) m (sǎd)
Burmese: တရားရုံး (my) (ta.ra:rum:)
Catalan: tribunal (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 仲裁庭 (zh) (zhòngcáitíng), 法庭 (zh) (fǎtíng)
Czech: tribunál m, soud (cs) m
Danish: tribunal n
Dutch: tribunaal (nl) n
Egyptian: (ḏꜣḏꜣt f)
Esperanto: tribunalo
Estonian: tribunal (et)
Finnish: tribunaali (fi)
French: tribunal (fr) m
Galician: tribunal (gl) m
Georgian: ტრიბუნალი (ṭribunali)
German: Tribunal (de) n, Gerichtshof (de) m, Gericht (de) n
Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 m (stauastōls)
Greek: δικαστήριο (el) n (dikastírio)
Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין (he) m (bet dín)
Hindi: अधिकरण (hi) m (adhikraṇ), अदालत (hi) f (adālat), न्यायालय (hi) m (nyāyālay), ट्रिब्यूनल m (ṭribyūnal)
Hungarian: bíróság (hu)
Indonesian: tribunal (id), mahkamah (id)
Irish: binse breithimh m
Italian: tribunale (it) m
Japanese: 法廷 (ja) (ほうてい, hōtei)
Kazakh: трибунал (tribunal)
Khmer: តុលាការ (km) (tolaakaa)
Korean: 법정(法廷) (ko) (beopjeong)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: dadgeh (ku) f, mehkeme (ku) f
Kyrgyz: трибунал (ky) (tribunal)
Lao: ສານ (lo) (sān)
Latvian: tribunāls m
Lithuanian: tribunolas m
Macedonian: трибуна́л m (tribunál), суд (mk) m (sud)
Malay: tribunal, mahkamah (ms)
Maori: taraipiunara
Norwegian:
Bokmål: tribunal n
Persian:
Iranian Persian: مَحْکَمِه (fa) (mahkame), دیوان (fa) (divân)
Polish: trybunał (pl) m, sąd (pl) m
Portuguese: tribunal (pt) m
Romanian: tribunal (ro) n
Russian: трибуна́л (ru) m (tribunál), суд (ru) m (sud)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: трибу̀на̄л m, су̑д m
Roman: tribùnāl (sh) m, sȗd (sh) m
Slovak: tribunál m, súd m
Slovene: razsodišče n, sodišče n, tribunal m (literary)
Spanish: tribunal (es) m
Swedish: tribunal (sv) c
Tajik: трибунал (tribunal), маҳкама (mahkama), суд (sud), девон (devon)
Thai: คณะตุลาการ (ká-ná-dtù-laa-gaan), ศาล (th) (sǎan)
Turkish: mahkeme (tr)
Ukrainian: трибуна́л m (trybunál), суд (uk) m (sud)
Urdu: ٹِرِیبْیُونَل m (ṭirībyūnal), عَدالَت f ('adālat)
Uzbek: tribunal (uz)
Vietnamese: toà án (vi) :

### Anagrams

* anti-blur, turbinal, untribal

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [tɾi.βuˈnal]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [tɾi.buˈnal]

### Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunals)
* tribunal

### Further reading

* “tribunal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁi.by.nal/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunaux)
* tribunal
* (law) court, court of law
    Synonym: cour

### Further reading

* “tribunal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch tribunaal, from French tribunal, from Old French tribunal, from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /triˈbunal/ [t̪riˈbu.nal]
* Rhymes: -unal
* Syllabification: tri‧bu‧nal

### Noun

tribunal (plural tribunal-tribunal)
* tribunal

#### Derived terms

* tribunal gerejawi
* tribunal imbauan

#### Related terms

* tribun

### Further reading

* “tribunal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ladin
### Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunai)
* tribunal

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* tribūnāle (rare)

### Etymology

Neuter gender of supposed adjective *tribūnālis, from tribūnus (“tribune”), from tribus (“tribe”). Equivalently, tribūnus +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /triˈbuː.nal/, [t̪rɪˈbuːnäɫ̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /triˈbu.nal/, [t̪riˈbuːnäl]

### Noun

tribūnal n (genitive tribūnālis); third declension
* a raised semicircular or square platform, on which the seats of magistrates were placed; tribunal, judgment seat, dais, camp platform
** 27 - 25 BC . Ab Urbe Condita, Titus Livius, II, Chapter XII.
    Ubi eo venit, in confertissima turba prope regium tribunal constitit.When he came there, he was standing in the crammed crowd, near the king's tribunal.
* cenotaph
* (metonymically) a court of law, tribunal; judgment
* (by extension) any platform used for purposes other than above
* (by extension) mound, dam, embankment
* (figuratively) height, greatness

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

#### Related terms

* tribuārius
* tribūlis
* tribūnātus
* tribūnīcius
* tribūnus
* tribuō
* tribus
* tribūtārius
* tribūtim
* tribūtiō
* tribūtor
* tribūtōrius
* tribūtum
* tribūtus

#### Descendants

* Catalan: tribunal
* English: tribunal
* French: tribunal
* Galician: tribunal
* Italian: tribunale
* Portuguese: tribunal
* Romanian: tribunal
* Russian: трибуна́л (tribunál)
* Serbo-Croatian: tribunal
* Sicilian: tribbunali
* Spanish: tribunal

### References

* “tribunal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “tribunal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "tribunal", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* tribunal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “tribunal”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “tribunal”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Old French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tribūnal.

### Noun

tribunal oblique singular, m (oblique plural tribunaus or tribunax or tribunals, nominative singular tribunaus or tribunax or tribunals, nominative plural tribunal)
* tribunal; court

### Adjective

tribunal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tribunale)
* of or relating to a tribunal

#### Descendants

* → English: tribunal
* French: tribunal

## Piedmontese
### Alternative forms

* tribünal

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tribyˈnal/

### Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunaj)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin tribūnal.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾi.buˈnaw/ [tɾi.buˈnaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾi.buˈnal/ [tɾi.βuˈnaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾi.buˈnal/ [tɾi.βuˈnaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tɾi.buˈna.li/ [tɾi.βuˈna.li]
* Rhymes: -al, -aw
* Hyphenation: tri‧bu‧nal

### Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunais)
* court
* tribunal

### Further reading

* “tribunal” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French tribunal or Latin tribunal.

### Noun

tribunal n (plural tribunale)
* tribunal, courthouse

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tribǔnaːl/
* Hyphenation: tri‧bu‧nal

### Noun

tribùnāl m (Cyrillic spelling трибу̀на̄л)
* tribunal

#### Declension
### References

* “tribunal”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾibuˈnal/ [t̪ɾi.β̞uˈnal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: tri‧bu‧nal

### Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunales)
* court
* tribunal

#### Hyponyms

* tribunal civil
* tribunal constitucional
* tribunal de justicia
* tribunal militar
* Tribunal Prostitucional
* tribunal testamentario

#### Derived terms

* sala de tribunales
* Tribunal de Cuentas
* tribunal de menores
* Tribunal Tutelar de Menores

#### See also

* juzgado
* corte
* juicio

### Further reading

* “tribunal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Noun

tribunal c
* tribunal
* (European Union) the General Court
    I stadgan får det föreskrivas att tribunalen skall biträdas av generaladvokater.
       The Statute may provide for the General Court to be assisted by Advocates-General.
    en ledamot av tribunalen
       a member of the General Court

#### Derived terms

* krigsförbrytartribunal
* militärtribunal
* revolutionstribunal

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tribunal.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tɾibuˈnal/ [t̪ɾɪ.bʊˈn̪al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: tri‧bu‧nal

### Noun

tribunál (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜈᜎ᜔)
* tribunal; court
    Synonyms: korte, hukuman, husgado