# 顫

| 顫 | U+986B, &#39019; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-986B |
| ← 顪 [U+986A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 顬 → [U+986C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

顫 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+13, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜一一月金 (YMMBC), four-corner 0118$_6$, composition ⿰亶頁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1410, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43706
* Dae Jaweon: page 1928, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4394, character 9
* Unihan data for U+986B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 顫 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 皽 | *tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ |
| 担 | *taːnʔ |
| 胆 | *daːn, *daːn |
| 疸 | *taːnʔ, *taːns |
| 觛 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ |
| 亶 | *taːnʔ |
| 嬗 | *taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans |
| 笪 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 狚 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 旦 | *taːns |
| 鴠 | *taːns |
| 譠 | *tʰaːn, *rteːn |
| 坦 | *tʰaːnʔ |
| 但 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns |
| 檀 | *daːn |
| 壇 | *daːn |
| 儃 | *daːn, *djan |
| 驙 | *daːn, *tan |
| 袒 | *daːnʔ, *rdeːns |
| 襢 | *daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans |
| 繵 | *daːnʔ |
| 膻 | *daːnʔ |
| 澶 | *daːns, *djan |
| 邅 | *tan, *danʔ, *dans |
| 鱣 | *tan |
| 饘 | *tjan, *tjanʔ |
| 旜 | *tjan |
| 氈 | *tjan |
| 鸇 | *tjan |
| 顫 | *tjans |
| 蟺 | *djanʔ |
| 擅 | *djans |
| 羶 | *hljan |
| 呾 | *taːd, *ʔraːd |
| 怛 | *taːd |
| 妲 | *taːd |
| 靼 | *taːd, *tjad |
| 炟 | *taːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjans): phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chàn, zhàn (chan$^4$, zhan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˋ, ㄓㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chûn
    (Hailu, HRS): zhun$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng$^4$ / zong$^4$ / zuong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiàn / chùn
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^4$
*** Yale: chàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chann
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$
*** Yale: jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^3$
*** Yale: jin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: zun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sun²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃun⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ce̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛŋ⁴²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zong$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceo̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zuong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suoŋ⁴²/
* zeng4 - literary;
* zong4/zuong4 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsyenH
Rime :
| Character | 顫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之膳切 |
| Baxter | tsyenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjans/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 顫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2090 |
| Phonetic component | 旦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戰 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjans/ |

### Definitions

顫
* to shake; to vibrate; to tremble
* to shiver; to tremble

#### Synonyms

* (to tremble):
* 交懍恂 / 交懔恂 (Hokkien)
* 呞呞顫 / 呞呞颤 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 哆嗦 (duōsuo)
* 圪觫 (geh$^5$ sueh$^4$) (Jin)
* 慄慄掣 / 栗栗掣 (Hokkien)
* 戰 / 战 (zhàn)
* 戰慄 / 战栗 (zhànlì) (literary)
* 戰抖 / 战抖 (zhàndǒu)
* 打抖 (da$^3$ deu$^3$) (Gan)
* 抖 (dǒu)
* 抖動 / 抖动 (dǒudòng)
* 抖抖絲 / 抖抖丝 (Longyan Min)
* 掉 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 掣 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 搦搦掣 (Hokkien)
* 發抖 / 发抖 (fādǒu)
* 蟯蟯掣 / 蛲蛲掣 (Hokkien)
* 起掉 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 顫動 / 颤动 (chàndòng)
* 顫抖 / 颤抖 (chàndǒu)

### Compounds

* 亂顫 / 乱颤
* 冷顫 / 冷颤
* 寒顫 / 寒颤 (hánzhàn)
* 心驚肉顫 / 心惊肉颤
* 心驚膽顫 / 心惊胆颤
* 打冷顫 / 打冷颤
* 打寒顫 / 打寒颤 (dǎhánzhàn)
* 打顫 / 打颤 (dǎzhàn)
* 捉顫 / 捉颤
* 疙顫顫 / 疙颤颤
* 發顫 / 发颤
* 肉顫心驚 / 肉颤心惊 (ròu chàn xīn jīng)
* 膽顫心寒 / 胆颤心寒
* 膽顫心驚 / 胆颤心惊
* 膽驚心顫 / 胆惊心颤
* 震顫 / 震颤 (zhènchàn)
* 震顫麻痺 / 震颤麻痹
* 顫動 / 颤动 (chàndòng)
* 顫巍巍 / 颤巍巍
* 顫悠 / 颤悠
* 顫悠悠 / 颤悠悠
* 顫慄 / 颤栗 (zhànlì)
* 顫抖 / 颤抖 (chàndǒu)
* 顫抖抖 / 颤抖抖
* 顫筆 / 颤笔
* 顫聲 / 颤声
* 顫音 / 颤音 (chànyīn)
* 顫顫巍巍 / 颤颤巍巍
* 骨顫肉驚 / 骨颤肉惊

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せん (sen)
* Kun: ふるえる (furueru, 顫える)

## Korean
### Hanja

顫 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

顫: Hán Nôm readings: chiến, chiên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.