# 墨

| 墨 | U+58A8, &#22696; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58A8 |
| ← 墧 [U+58A7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 墩 → [U+58A9] |
| 墨 | U+FA3A, &#64058; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA3A |
| ← 塀 [U+FA39] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 層 → [U+FA3B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

墨 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12 in Chinese, 土+11 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 田土火土 (WGFG), four-corner 6010$_4$, composition ⿱黑土(GTHKV) or ⿱黒土(J))

#### Derived characters

* 嚜 濹 𣞪 爅 𦢓 䁼 纆(𬙊) 𦪷 䘃 㕓 癦

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5469
* Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 487, character 3
* Unihan data for U+58A8
* Unihan data for U+FA3A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嚜 | *mrɯɡs |
| 嫼 | *ʔmrɯːd |
| 墨 | *mlɯːɡ |
| 默 | *mlɯːɡ |
| 纆 | *mɯːɡ |
| 黑 | *hmlɯːɡ |
| 潶 | *hmlɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mlɯːɡ): phonetic 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): me$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мый (mɨy, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mak$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): met$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): me̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): med$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mêd$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mieh$^4$ / me$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): mà̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): mĕ̤k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bah$^7$ / beh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ba̍k / ba̍t / be̍k / bia̍k / be̍rk
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$meq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): me$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: me$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: me
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мый (mɨy, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /mei²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mak$^6$
*** Yale: mahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐk̚²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: met$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: med$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /met²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɛt̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mieh$^4$ / me$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /miəʔ²/, /mɤ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mà̤
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛ⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mĕ̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /møyʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bah$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ba̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ²⁴/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: be̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛʔ²⁴/
* bah7 - vernacular;
* beh7 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: mok
Rime :
| Character | 墨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫北切 |
| Baxter | mok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mlɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 墨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mok › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.mˁək/ |
| English | ink |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 墨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5106 |
| Phonetic component | 黑 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 墨 |
| Old Chinese | /*mlɯːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

墨
* Chinese ink or ink in general
    磨墨 ― mó mò ― to grind an inkstick (against an inkstone)
* black; ink-coloured; dark
* (historical) to tattoo the face (e.g. as a punishment in Ancient China)
* (figurative) to embezzle
* (figurative) someone's poetry, essays, handwriting, or paintings
* (figurative) learning; knowledge
* Short for 墨家 (Mòjiā, “Mohism”).
* Short for 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē, “Mexico”).
* a surname
    墨翟 ― Mò Dí ― Mo Di (full name of Mozi)
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 癦 (“mole; nevus; pigmented spot on the skin”)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 墨 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 墨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 墨 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 墨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 墨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 黑墨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 黑墨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 墨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 墨 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 墨 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 墨 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 墨 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 墨 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 墨 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 墨 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 墨 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 墨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 墨子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 墨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 墨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 墨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 墨 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 墨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 墨 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 墨 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 墨 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 墨 |

#### Compounds

* 別墨 / 别墨
* 即墨之戰 / 即墨之战
* 即墨侯
* 即墨縣 / 即墨县
* 吃墨船兒 / 吃墨船儿
* 吸墨紙 / 吸墨纸 (xīmòzhǐ)
* 和墨
* 喝墨水 (hē mòshuǐ)
* 嚼墨噴紙 / 嚼墨喷纸
* 大處落墨 / 大处落墨 (dàchùluòmò)
* 奇異墨水 / 奇异墨水
* 宿墨
* 尋行數墨 / 寻行数墨
* 屠毒筆墨 / 屠毒笔墨
* 弄筆墨 / 弄笔墨 (nòng bǐmò)
* 彩墨
* 徽墨
* 㥏墨
* 惜墨如金
* 惜墨法
* 托墨
* 文墨
* 斷紙餘墨 / 断纸余墨 (duànzhǐyúmò)
* 朱墨
* 朱墨本
* 朱墨爛然 / 朱墨烂然
* 松煙墨 / 松烟墨 (sōngyānmò)
* 楮墨
* 楊墨 / 杨墨
* 毫飛墨噴 / 毫飞墨喷
* 水墨 (shuǐmò)
* 水墨畫 / 水墨画 (shuǐmòhuà)
* 油墨 (yóumò)
* 深墨
* 潑墨 / 泼墨
* 潑墨人物 / 泼墨人物
* 潑墨山水 / 泼墨山水
* 濃墨 / 浓墨
* 發墨 / 发墨
* 白墨 (báimò)
* 盟墨
* 眉如墨畫 / 眉如墨画
* 石墨 (shímò)
* 研墨 (yánmò)
* 破墨
* 破墨山水
* 硃墨 / 朱墨
* 磨墨 (mómò)
* 程墨
* 積墨 / 积墨
* 筆耕墨耘 / 笔耕墨耘
* 筆墨 / 笔墨 (bǐmò)
* 筆墨官司 / 笔墨官司
* 筆墨生涯 / 笔墨生涯
* 筆墨紙硯 / 笔墨纸砚 (bǐmòzhǐyàn)
* 簡策楮墨 / 简策楮墨
* 粉白墨黑
* 粉墨 (fěnmò)
* 粉墨登場 / 粉墨登场 (fěnmòdēngchǎng)
* 紅墨 / 红墨
* 紅墨水 / 红墨水
* 縗墨 / 缞墨
* 繩墨 / 绳墨 (shéngmò)
* 繩墨之言 / 绳墨之言
* 翰墨 (hànmò)
* 翰墨志
* 背繩墨 / 背绳墨
* 胸無點墨 / 胸无点墨 (xiōngwúdiǎnmò)
* 舞文弄墨 (wǔwénnòngmò)
* 茶墨
* 著墨 / 着墨 (zhuómò)
* 落墨 (luòmò)
* 蘸墨
* 螺子墨
* 螺墨
* 規矩繩墨 / 规矩绳墨
* 調墨弄筆 / 调墨弄笔
* 貪墨 / 贪墨 (tānmò)
* 貪墨之風 / 贪墨之风
* 貪墨敗度 / 贪墨败度
* 近朱近墨
* 遺墨 / 遗墨 (yímò)
* 醉墨
* 闈墨 / 闱墨
* 陳墨 / 陈墨
* 隱顯墨水 / 隐显墨水
* 風月筆墨 / 风月笔墨
* 食墨
* 騷人墨客 / 骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
* 墨分五色
* 墨刑 (mòxíng)
* 墨卷
* 墨吏
* 墨囊
* 墨妙
* 墨妝 / 墨妆
* 墨妖
* 墨子 (Mòzǐ)
* 墨守
* 墨守成法
* 墨守成規 / 墨守成规 (mòshǒuchéngguī)
* 墨客 (mòkè)
* 墨家 (Mòjiā)
* 墨寶 / 墨宝 (mòbǎo)
* 墨床
* 墨廚 / 墨厨
* 墨戲 / 墨戏
* 墨斗 (mòdǒu)
* 墨斗魚 (mòdǒuyú)
* 墨晶
* 墨暈 / 墨晕
* 墨杘
* 墨水 (mòshuǐ)
* 墨水匣
* 墨水池 (mòshuǐchí)
* 墨水規 / 墨水规
* 墨汁 (mòzhī)
* 墨池筆塚 / 墨池笔冢
* 墨油
* 墨海 (mòhǎi)
* 墨瀋 / 墨沈
* 墨爾本 / 墨尔本 (Mò'ěrběn)
* 墨版
* 墨版版畫 / 墨版版画
* 墨玉 (Mòyù)
* 墨玉縣 / 墨玉县
* 墨痕
* 墨痴
* 墨盒 (mòhé)
* 墨盪子 / 墨荡子
* 墨程
* 墨突
* 墨竹
* 墨筆 / 墨笔 (mòbǐ)
* 墨索里尼 (Mòsuǒlǐní)
* 墨絰 / 墨绖
* 墨綠 / 墨绿 (mòlǜ)
* 墨綠色 / 墨绿色 (mòlǜsè)
* 墨線 / 墨线 (mòxiàn)
* 墨義 / 墨义
* 墨翟
* 墨者 (mòzhě)
* 墨花
* 墨荷
* 墨蝶
* 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē)
* 墨西哥城 (Mòxīgēchéng)
* 墨西哥灣 / 墨西哥湾 (Mòxīgē Wān)
* 墨詔 / 墨诏
* 墨豬 / 墨猪
* 墨跡 / 墨迹 (mòjì)
* 墨選 / 墨选
* 墨鏡 / 墨镜 (mòjìng)
* 墨魚 / 墨鱼 (mòyú)
* 墨鴉 / 墨鸦
* 墨黑 (mòhēi)
* 墨墨

#### Descendants

* → Buryat: бэхэ (bexe, “ink”)
* → Indonesian: bak
* → Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)
* → Khmer: មឹក (mɨk, “squid; ink”)
* → Korean: 먹 (meok)
* → Lao: ມຶກ (mưk, “ink; black”), ໝຶກ (mưk, “sepia from cuttlefish; ink; black”)
* → Mongolian: бэх (bex, “ink”)
* → Sogdian: 𐼺𐼸𐼰 (mkʾ /⁠*makā⁠/, “ink”)
* → Thai: หมึก (mʉ̀k, “ink”), ปลาหมึก (bplaa-mʉ̀k, “cuttlefish”)
* → Vietnamese: mực (“cuttlefish; ink”)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méi (mei$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méi
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$
*** Yale: méi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei
*** Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

墨
* Only used in 墨杘.

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mèi (mei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mèi
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^4$
*** Yale: mèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mey
*** Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

墨
* to slander

### References

* “墨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 墨 |
| Kyūjitai | 墨 &#xFA3A; or 墨+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 墨󠄀 墨+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 墨󠄃 墨+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 墨)
* ink, inkstick
* Mexico

#### Readings

* Go-on: もく (moku)
* Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
* Kun: すみ (sumi, 墨, Jōyō)、くろい (kuroi, 墨い)
* Nanori: すみ (sumi)

#### Compounds

* 墨客(ぼっかく) (bokkaku)
* 墨子(ぼくし) (Bokushi)
* 墨守(ぼくしゅ) (bokushu)
* 墨(ぼく)汁(じゅう) (bokujū)
* 翰墨(かんぼく) (kanboku)
* 水墨(すいぼく) (suiboku)
* 白墨(はくぼく) (hakuboku)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 墨
* すみ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 墨 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese, first appearing in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic spelling 須彌 ⟨sumi$_1$⟩. Cognate with 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”).
In turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Southern Amami Ōshima 墨 (sïmi).
Possibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.
Possibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”), from which India ink is made.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すみ [sùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [sɨmʲi]

### Noun

墨(すみ) • (sumi)
* inkstick
* ink
* (specifically) India ink

#### Derived terms

* 墨烏賊(すみいか) (sumīka)
* 墨絵(すみえ) (sumie)
* 墨田(すみだ) (Sumida)
* 墨付(すみつ)き (sumitsuki)
* 烏賊墨(いかすみ) (ikasumi)
* 伊寿墨(イススミ) (isusumi)
* 入(い)れ墨(ずみ) (irezumi)
* 靴墨(くつずみ) (kutsuzumi)
* 掃墨(はいずみ) (haizumi)

### References

* ↑ “墨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ “墨”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

墨 (eumhun 먹 묵 (meok muk))
* hanja form of 묵 (“ink”)
墨 (eumhun 교활할 미 (gyohwalhal mi))
* hanja form of 미 (“sly, cunning”)

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

### Noun

墨(っふぃ) (ffï)
* ink

## Southern Amami Ōshima
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

### Noun

墨(すぃみ) (sïmi)
* ink

## Vietnamese
### Han character

墨: Hán Nôm readings: mặc, mực, mức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.