# πλευρά
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πλευρή (pleurḗ) — Ionic

### Etymology

Of uncertain origin. The traditional connections with πλάξ (pláx, “flat object, plate”) (< *plk-) and παλάμη (palámē, “palm”) (< *plh₂-em-eh₂-), via an unattested *πλῆ-ϝαρ (*plê-war), suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). The semantics seem reasonable; however, the morphological formation is unclear.
An alternative theory, deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *pnew-reh₂, from *pnew- (“to breathe”), would leave the lambdacism (ν (n) > λ (l)) unexplained (although compare πλεύμων (pleúmōn, “lung”)), in addition to being semantically farfetched (the "lung membrane" meaning appears to be a much later innovation in the English borrowing that was never present in Greek), particularly when compared to the connection with *pleh₂-. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pleu̯.rǎː/ → /pleˈβra/ → /pleˈvra/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pleu̯.rǎː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /plewˈra/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pleˈβra/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pleˈvra/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /pleˈvra/

### Noun

πλευρᾱ́ • (pleurā́) f (genitive πλευρᾶς); first declension
* (anatomy, usually in the plural) A rib.
    Synonym: πλευρόν (pleurón)
** (usually in the plural) A side of a man or animal.
* A side of things and places.
* (geometry) A line that forms the side of a triangle or other two-dimensional figure.
** 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 7.17
** A side of a rectangle; (mathematics) one factor of any product.
** A side of a square of a cube; (mathematics) a root of a square of a cubic number.
*** 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 8.17.11
** A generator of a cone or cylinder.

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓μφῐ́πλευρος (ămphĭ́pleuros)
* ᾰ̓νῐσόπλευρος (ănĭsópleuros)
* ᾰ̓ντῐ́πλευρος (ăntĭ́pleuros)
* ᾰ̓́πλευρος (ắpleuros)
* ᾰ̓ρτῐόπλευρος (ărtĭópleuros)
* ᾰ̓τερόπλευρος (ăterópleuros)
* βᾰθῠ́πλευρος (băthŭ́pleuros)
* βούπλευρος (boúpleuros)
* δεκᾰ́πλευρος (dekắpleuros)
* δῐᾰπλευρῐσμός (dĭăpleurĭsmós)
* δῐπλᾰσῐόπλευρος (dĭplăsĭópleuros)
* δῐ́πλευρος (dĭ́pleuros)
* δωδεκᾰ́πλευρον (dōdekắpleuron)
* ἕκπλευρος (hékpleuros)
* ἔμπλευρος (émpleuros)
* ἑξᾰ́πλευρος (hexắpleuros)
* ἐπῐ́πλευρᾰ (epĭ́pleură)
* ἑπτᾰ́πλευρος (heptắpleuros)
* ἐρῐ́πλευρος (erĭ́pleuros)
* ἑτερόπλευρος (heterópleuros)
* ἡμῐ́πλευρος (hēmĭ́pleuros)
* ῐ̓σόπλευρος (ĭsópleuros)
* ῐ̓σοπληθόπλευρος (ĭsoplēthópleuros)
* λευκόπλευρος (leukópleuros)
* μονόπλευρος (monópleuros)
* πᾰρᾰπλευρῐ́δῐᾰ (părăpleurĭ́dĭă)
* πᾰρᾰπλευρόω (părăpleuróō)
* πεντᾰ́πλευρον (pentắpleuron)
* περῐπλευρῐ́ζω (perĭpleurĭ́zō)
* περῐ́πλευρος (perĭ́pleuros)
* πλᾰτῠ́πλευρον (plătŭ́pleuron)
* πλευρῐ́ον (pleurĭ́on)
* πλευρῐσμός (pleurĭsmós)
* πλεύροθεν (pleúrothen)
* πλευροτῠπής (pleurotŭpḗs)
* πλεύρωμᾰ (pleúrōmă)
* πολῠ́πλευρος (polŭ́pleuros)
* στρογγῠλόπλευρος (strongŭlópleuros)
* σῠ́μπλευρος (sŭ́mpleuros)
* τᾰνῠ́πλευρος (tănŭ́pleuros)
* τετρᾰ́πλευρος (tetrắpleuros)
* τρῐ́πλευρος (trĭ́pleuros)
* χᾰλκόπλευρος (khălkópleuros)
* χρῡσόπλευρος (khrūsópleuros)
* ψῑλήπλευρᾰ (psīlḗpleură)

#### Related terms

* πλευρόν (pleurón)
* πλευρῖτῐς (pleurîtĭs)
* πλευρῑτῐκός (pleurītĭkós)

#### Descendants

* → Medieval Latin: pleura
** → English: pleura
** → French: pleura
** → Italian: pleura
** → Portuguese: pleura
** → Spanish: pleura

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πλευρά”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1208

### Further reading

* “πλευρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πλευρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πλευρά in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πλευρά in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4125 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. flank idem, page 325.rib idem, page 712.side idem, page 772.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πλευρά (pleurá).

### Noun

πλευρά • (plevrá) f (plural πλευρές)
* side (especially a surface or an area)
    στη δυτική πλευρά του κτιρίουsti dytikí plevrá tou ktiríouon the west side of the building
    η αίθουσα είχε δύο πλευρές με καθίσματαi aíthousa eíche dýo plevrés me kathísmatathe room has two sides with seats
* (mathematics) side
    Ένα τρίγωνο έχει τρεις κορυφές, τρεις πλευρές και τρεις γωνίες.Éna trígono échei treis koryfés, treis plevrés kai treis goníes.A triangle has three points, three sides and three angles.
* side
    η δεξιά πλευρά του αυτοκινήτουi dexiá plevrá tou aftokinítouthe right-hand side of the car

#### Derived terms

* αναλογία πλευρών f (analogía plevrón, “aspect ratio”)
* ανισόπλευρος (anisóplevros, “of unequal sides”, adjective)
* ισόπλευρος (isóplevros, “of equal sides, equilateral”, adjective)

### Noun

πλευρά • (plevrá) n
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of πλευρό (plevró)