# ed
## English
### Etymology

Shortening.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛd/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛd

### Noun

ed (countable and uncountable, plural eds)
* edition
* editor
* education (uncountable)

#### Synonyms

* (education): educ.

#### Derived terms

* Cath ed
* co-ed
* driver's ed
* gen ed
* op-ed
* phys ed
* special ed
* voc-ed

#### Translations
### See also

* come ed (etymologically unrelated)

### Anagrams

* de-, D&E, dE, DE, de, De

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* edu

### Etymology

From Latin haedus. Compare Romanian ied.

### Noun

ed m (plural edz, feminine equivalent eadã)
* kid (goat)

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English -ed.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): dat$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dat$^4$
*** Yale: dàht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dat$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ded$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐt̚²¹/

### Particle

ed
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) Used to denote an action which has been completed.
    覆ed [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― fuk$^1$ dat$^4$ [Jyutping] ― replied
    fol ed [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― fo$^1$ dat$^4$ [Jyutping] ― followed
    J ed [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― zei$^1$ dat$^4$ [Jyutping] ― jerked off; wanked off

#### Usage notes

Often used with words derived from English or spelled in the Latin alphabet.

#### Synonyms

* 咗 (zo$^2$)

### See also

* ED

## Corsican
### Conjunction

ed
* Alternative form of è

#### References

* https://infcor.adecec.net/

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish ēþ, eth, from Old Norse eiðr, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óytos.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -edˀ

### Noun

ed c (singular definite eden, plural indefinite eder)
* an oath (solemn pledge)
* a curse, an epithet

#### Synonyms

* (pledge): løfte (“promise”) (carries less weight)
* (curse): bandeord (“curseword”), forbandelse

### References

* “ed” in Den Danske Ordbog

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛd/

### Noun

ed m (plural eds)
* eth

### Anagrams

* de, dé

## Girirra
### Adjective

ed
* white

## Ido
### Alternative forms

* e (apocope)

### Etymology

Borrowing from French et, Italian ed, Russian и (i) and Spanish e.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛd/

### Conjunction

ed
* and

#### Related terms

* ad (“to”)
* od (“or”)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.d‿/

### Conjunction

ed
* (before vowels) Alternative form of e for euphony, especially before /e/ or /ɛ/; and
    Parlo italiano ed esperanto.I speak Italian and Esperanto.

### Anagrams

* de, de', de-, dè

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English head.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ed/

### Noun

ed (plural ed dem, quantified ed)
* head (part of the body)
** 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 6:17:Wen unu kip we fram fuud fi worship Gad, ail unu ed an wash unu fies man,But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,
* head (leader)
    Synonym: liida

### Further reading

* ed at JamaicanPatwah.com
* ed at majstro.com

## Kankanaey
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ˈʔed/ [ˈʔed̚]
* Rhymes: -ed
* Syllabification: ed

### Article

ed
* oblique argument, specifically a place or time marker

#### See also

* (oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

### References

* Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎ (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

## Latin
### Etymology

Alternative spelling of et; see aliquit#Etymology.

### Conjunction

ed
* (nonstandard) Alternative spelling of et (“and”)

## Marshallese
### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [ɛrʲ]
* (phonemic) IPA: /jɛrʲ/
* Bender phonemes: {yed}

### Verb

ed
* (archaic) to become red, of leaves

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Middle Irish
### Pronunciation

* (earlier) IPA: /eð/
* (later) IPA: /eɣ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish ed, from Proto-Celtic *ed, from Proto-Indo-European *id.

#### Pronoun

ed n
* it

##### Descendants

* Irish: ea
* Scottish Gaelic: eadh

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ed”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 405, page 254; reprinted 2017

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *ɸedom (“space, interval”), from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“foot”).

#### Alternative forms

* fed

#### Noun

ed n
* space, distance, interval
* extent, length

##### Related terms

* inad
* machad

##### Descendants

* Irish: feadh, feá
* Scottish Gaelic: feadh

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ed”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fod-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse eiðr, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óytos.

### Noun

ed m (definite singular eden, indefinite plural eder, definite plural edene)
* an oath

### References

* “ed” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “ed” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* hed

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ed, from Proto-Indo-European *id, cognate with Latin id.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [eð]

### Pronoun

ed n
* it, this

#### Quotations

* c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 17$^c$7
    Is ed as·berat ind heretic.It is this that the heretics say.
* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20$^a$4
    masu ed do·roígaidif it is this that you pl have chosen

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ed
** Irish: ea
** Scottish Gaelic: eadh

## Sassarese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ed/

### Conjunction

ed
* Alternative form of e, found before a vowel
** 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter IV, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎, London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 11, page 10:Allora lu diaulu lu lassesi solu: ed eccu chi l’agnili si accultesini, e lu silviani.[original: Allora il Diavolo lo laſciò: ed ecco, che ſe gli accoﬅarono gli Angeli, e lo ſervivano.][Allora il Diavolo lo lasciò: ed ecco, che se gli accostarono gli Angeli, e lo servivano.]Then the Devil left him alone. And then the angels approached him, and served him.
** c. 19th century, anonymous, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 2, Cagliari, song 15, page 87:Dunca lu megliu è Tu pensa a la to’ pazi, ed eju a me.So the best [thing] is: you think about your own peace, and I [think] about myself.
** 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Ed è subbidu buggiu [And it's suddenly night]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 169:Sobr’a la terra è dugnunu a la sora infiraddu da un raggiu di sòri: ed è subbidu buggiu.Everyone is alone on Earth, pierced by a ray of sunshine: and it's suddenly night.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eːd/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ēþer, from Old Norse eiðr, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óytos.

#### Noun

ed c
* an oath (solemn pledge)
    svära en edswear an oath
* an oath (curse, curse word)

##### Derived terms

* edsvuren
* gå ed på

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish ēþ, from Old Norse eið, from Proto-Germanic *aidiją, probably related to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“go”) and Latin eo. Cognate with Norwegian eid, Icelandic eið, and Faroese eið.

#### Noun

ed n
* An isthmus; a strip of land between two bodies of water
* A portage; a route used for carrying boats between two waterways

##### Synonyms

* båtdrag
* mårka

#### See also

* -ed (“path along water”)

### Anagrams

* -de, de, de-

## Torres Strait Creole
### Etymology

From English head.

### Noun

ed
* head

## Veps
### Verb

ed
* second-person singular present of ei

## Volapük
### Alternative forms

* (before a consonant) e

### Conjunction

ed
* and
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 13:Fat obik ed olikan binoms flens.My father and yours are friends.

#### Related terms

* ü, üd (“or”)