# 禁止
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìnzhǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^3$ zi$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kim-chṳ́
    (Hailu, HRS): gim$^ˇ$ zhi$^ˊ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^4$ zi$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kìm-chí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gim$^3$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnzhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnjhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-chih$^3$
*** Yale: jìn-jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnjyy
*** Palladius: цзиньчжи (czinʹčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$禁指 禁止
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^3$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: gam jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^3$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^3$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³³ t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$禁指 禁止
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kim-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gim$^4$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˇ$ zhi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim¹¹ t͡ʃi²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^4$ zi$^3$ [Phonetic: ging$^1$ zi$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi̍ng-cî
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^4$ zi$^3$ [Phonetic: ging$^1$ zi$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kìm-chí
*** Tâi-lô: kìm-tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiemcie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kim¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gim$^3$ zi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kìm tsí
*** Sinological IPA : /kim²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

### Verb

禁止
* to prohibit; to forbid
    禁止侵入 ― jìnzhǐ qīnrù ― no trespassing
    禁止泊車。／禁止泊车。 ― Jìnzhǐ bóchē. ― No parking.
    禁止吸煙。／禁止吸烟。 ― Jìnzhǐ xīyān. ― No smoking.
    禁止攝影。／禁止摄影。 ― Jìnzhǐ shèyǐng. ― No photography.
    禁止攝像。／禁止摄像。 ― Jìnzhǐ shèxiàng. ― No videoing.
       Jìnzhǐ shǐyòng shǎnguāngdēng. [Pinyin]
       No flash.
    禁止大聲喧嘩。／禁止大声喧哗。 ― Jìnzhǐ dàshēng xuānhuá. ― Please don't make noise.
       Hěn duō guójiā jìnzhǐ bǔjīng. [Pinyin]
       Many countries have banned whaling.
       Huànbìng qījiān jìnzhǐ xíngfáng. [Pinyin]
       Refrain from intercourse during recovery.

#### Synonyms

* 不准 (bùzhǔn)
* 不許 / 不许 (bùxǔ)
* 制止 (zhìzhǐ)
* 勿許 / 勿许 ($^8$veq-shiu) (Wu)
* 取締 / 取缔 (qǔdì)
* 唔准 (m$^4$ zeon$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 嚴禁 / 严禁 (yánjìn) (to strictly forbid)
* 抑止 (yìzhǐ)
* 救 (jiù) (Classical Chinese)
* 毋准 (Min Nan)
* 禁制 (jìnzhì)
* 禁絕 / 禁绝 (jìnjué)
* 遏制 (èzhì)
* 遏止 (èzhǐ)

#### Derived terms

* 禁止令 (jìnzhǐlìng)
* 禁止吸煙 / 禁止吸烟 (jìnzhǐ xīyān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 禁(きん)止(し) (kinshi)
* → Korean: 금지(禁止) (geumji)
* → Vietnamese: cấm chỉ (禁止)

#### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “forbid”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 113

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 禁 | 止 |
| きん Grade: 5 | し Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんし [kìńshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲĩɰ̃ɕi]
* Homophone: 近視

### Noun

禁(きん)止(し) • (kinshi)
* prohibition

### Verb

禁(きん)止(し)する • (kinshi suru) transitive suru (stem 禁(きん)止(し)し (kinshi shi), past 禁(きん)止(し)した (kinshi shita))
* to ban; to prohibit

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 禁止し | きんしし | kinshi shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 禁止し | きんしし | kinshi shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 禁止する | きんしする | kinshi suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 禁止する | きんしする | kinshi suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 禁止すれ | きんしすれ | kinshi sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 禁止せよ¹ 禁止しろ² | きんしせよ¹ きんししろ² | kinshi seyo¹ kinshi shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 禁止される | きんしされる | kinshi sareru |
| Causative | 禁止させる 禁止さす | きんしさせる きんしさす | kinshi saseru kinshi sasu |
| Potential | 禁止できる | きんしできる | kinshi dekiru |
| Volitional | 禁止しよう | きんししよう | kinshi shiyō |
| Negative | 禁止しない | きんししない | kinshi shinai |
| Negative continuative | 禁止せず | きんしせず | kinshi sezu |
| Formal | 禁止します | きんしします | kinshi shimasu |
| Perfective | 禁止した | きんしした | kinshi shita |
| Conjunctive | 禁止して | きんしして | kinshi shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 禁止すれば | きんしすれば | kinshi sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 禁 | 止 |

### Noun

禁止 • (geumji) (hangeul 금지)
* hanja form of 금지 (“prohibition”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 禁 | 止 |

### Verb

禁止
* chữ Hán form of cấm chỉ (“to ban; to forbid”).