# 鈔

| 鈔 | U+9214, &#37396; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9214 |
| ← 鈓 [U+9213] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鈕 → [U+9215] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鈔 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金火竹 (CFH), four-corner 8912$_0$, composition ⿰釒少)

#### Derived characters

* 𮑍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40227
* Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4176, character 3
* Unihan data for U+9214

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 觘 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 抄 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 鈔 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 訬 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ |
| 炒 | *sʰroːʔ |
| 吵 | *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ |
| 耖 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 仯 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 眇 | *mewʔ |
| 渺 | *mewʔ |
| 杪 | *mewʔ |
| 秒 | *mewʔ |
| 篎 | *mewʔ, *mews |
| 妙 | *mews |
| 玅 | *mews |
| 釥 | *sm̥ʰewʔ |
| 小 | *smewʔ |
| 少 | *hmjewʔ, *hmjews |
| 麨 | *m̥ʰjewʔ |
| 尠 | *senʔ, *smos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws): semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chāo (chao$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caau$^1$ / caau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cau$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhêu
* Eastern Min (BUC): chá / chău
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhau / chhà
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cao$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chao
*** Wade–Giles: chʻao$^1$
*** Yale: chāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chau
*** Palladius: чао (čao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cao$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caau$^1$ / caau$^3$
*** Yale: chāau / chaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaau$^1$ / tsaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cao$^1$ / cao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaːu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhêu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ceu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ceu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chá / chău
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑ²¹³/, /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/
* chá - “banknotes”;
* chău - alternative form of 抄.
* Middle Chinese: tsrhaew, tsrhaewH
Rime :
| Character | 鈔 | 鈔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 楚交切 | 初敎切 |
| Baxter | tsrhaew | tsrhaewH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠau/ | /t͡ʃʰˠau$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚau/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚau$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰau/ | /t͡ʃʰau$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨw/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰau/ | /t͡ʃʰau$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰau/ | /t͡ʃʰau$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰau/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰau$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chāo | chào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caau$^1$ | caau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sm̥ʰreːw/, /*sm̥ʰreːws/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鈔 | 鈔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13685 | 13691 |
| Phonetic component | 小 | 小 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䜈 | 抄 |
| Old Chinese | /*sm̥ʰreːw/ | /*sm̥ʰreːws/ |
| Notes | 同抄 | 同抄 |

### Definitions

鈔
* paper money; banknotes
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 抄
* a surname

### Compounds

* 假鈔 / 假钞 (jiǎchāo)
* 偽鈔 / 伪钞 (wěichāo)
* 傳鈔 / 传钞
* 冥鈔 / 冥钞 (míngchāo)
* 北堂書鈔 / 北堂书钞
* 史鈔 / 史钞
* 壞鈔 / 坏钞
* 外鈔 / 外钞
* 大鈔 / 大钞
* 宋詩鈔 / 宋诗钞
* 宮門鈔 / 宫门钞
* 寇鈔 / 寇钞
* 寶鈔 / 宝钞 (bǎochāo)
* 小鈔 / 小钞
* 影鈔本 / 影钞本
* 惠鈔 / 惠钞
* 掐尖落鈔 / 掐尖落钞
* 整鈔 / 整钞
* 料鈔 / 料钞
* 昏鈔 / 昏钞
* 會鈔 / 会钞
* 現鈔 / 现钞 (xiànchāo)
* 生鈔 / 生钞
* 破鈔 / 破钞
* 精銀響鈔 / 精银响钞
* 紙鈔 / 纸钞 (zhǐchāo)
* 美鈔 / 美钞 (měichāo)
* 花錢粉鈔 / 花钱粉钞
* 落鈔 / 落钞
* 鈔引 / 钞引
* 鈔掠 / 钞掠
* 鈔暴 / 钞暴
* 鈔本 / 钞本 (chāoběn)
* 鈔票 / 钞票 (chāopiào)
* 鈔袋 / 钞袋
* 鈔邏 / 钞逻
* 鈔關 / 钞关
* 錢鈔 / 钱钞 (qiánchāo)
* 閣鈔 / 阁钞
* 陸鈔 / 陆钞
* 響鈔精銀 / 响钞精银
* 驗鈔機 / 验钞机 (yànchāojī)
* 鴉青鈔 / 鸦青钞
* 鹽鈔 / 盐钞

### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: چاو (çav)
** Turkish: çav
* → Persian: چاو (paper money) (Ilkhanate)
** Persian: چاوخانه (place where paper money was made) (Ilkhanate)

### References

* “鈔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鈔
* しょう Hyōgai
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 抄
From Middle Chinese 鈔 (MC tsrhaew|tsrhaewH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

鈔(しょう) • (shō)
* an excerpt, an extract (writing)
* an annotation
* a unit of volume, equal to one tenth of a 勺 (shaku) and one hundredth of a 合 (gō), or approximately 1.8 millilitres

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鈔 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.