# अश्व
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /əʃ.ʋᵊ/, [ɐʃ.ʋᵊ]

### Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m (Urdu spelling اشو)
* (formal) horse
    Synonyms: (more common) घोड़ा (ghoṛā), तुरग (turag)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva, “horse”), through Old Marathi 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (aśva, “horse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əɕ.ʋə/

### Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m
* (formal, literary) a horse
    Synonym: घोडा (ghoḍā)

#### Derived terms

* अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)
* अश्वपती (aśvaptī)
* अश्वशाला (aśvaśālā)
* अश्ववैद्य (aśvavaidya)
* अश्वभार (aśvabhār)
* अश्वपरीक्षा (aśvaprīkṣā)
* अश्वचिकित्सा (aśvacikitsā)
* अश्वगती (aśvagtī)
* अश्वगंधा (aśvagandhā)
* अश्वगुण (aśvaguṇ)

### References

* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “अश्व”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “अश्व”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Old Gujarati
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

### Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m
* horse

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অশ্ব (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬰ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
* অশ্ব (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* အၐွ (Burmese script)
* અશ્વ (Gujarati script)
* ਅਸ਼੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦯ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂬𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
* ಅಶ್ವ (Kannada script)
* អឝ្វ (Khmer script)
* ອຨ຺ວ (Lao script)
* അശ്വ (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᡧᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
* ᠠᠱᢦ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
* ଅଶ୍ଵ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢯ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
* අශ‍්ව (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩿 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚧𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
* அஶ்வ (Tamil script)
* అశ్వ (Telugu script)
* อศฺว (Thai script)
* ཨ་ཤྭ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨮𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /⁠asa⁠/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɐɕ.ʋɐ/

### Noun

अश्व • (áśva) stem, m
* horse, stallion
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.57.1:क्षेत्र॑स्य॒ पति॑ना व॒यं हि॒तेने॑व जयामसि । गाम्अश्वं॑ पोषयि॒त्न्वा स नो॑ मृळाती॒दृशे॑ ॥kṣétrasya pátinā vayáṃ hiténeva jayāmasi. gā́máśvaṃ poṣayitnvā́ sá no mṛḷātīdṛ́śe.With the master of the field, our friend, we triumph; may he bestow upon us cattle, horses, nourishment, for by such gifts he makes us happy
* (chess) knight
* the number "seven" (that being the number of the horses of the sun)
* Sagittarius

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* अश्वक (aśvaká)
* अश्वति (aśvati)
* अश्वत्थामन् (aśvatthāman)
* अश्वत्थ (aśvattha)
* अश्वमेध (aśvamedhá)
* अश्वश्चन्द्र (áśvaścandra)
* अश्विन् (aśvin)
* स्वश्व (sváśva)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)
** Kalasha: hãš
* Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)
* Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)
* Pali: assa
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)
** Marwari: अस (as)
* Helu Prakrit:
** Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)
* → Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)
* → Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
* → Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)
* → Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
* → Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
** → Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)
* → Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)
* → Indonesian: aswa
* → Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)
* → Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)
* → Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)
* → Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)
* → Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ
* → Western Cham: اسايه

### References

* “अ॑श्व” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51, column 2.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अश्व”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
* Monier Williams (1899) “अश्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114, column 3.
* Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 090
* Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma áśva