# मित्र
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mɪt̪.ɾᵊ/, /mɪ.t̪əɾ/, [mɪ.t̪ɐɾ]

### Noun

मित्र • (mitra) m (feminine मित्रा, Urdu spelling متر)
* male friend
    मैंने एक मित्र से अपना सामान मँगवाया।ma͠ine ek mitra se apnā sāmān maṅgvāyā.I got a friend to bring my luggage.
    मेरे मित्र ने मुझे ठगा है।mere mitra ne mujhe ṭhagā hai.My friend has duped me.
* ally
    दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध में, इंग्लैंड अमरीका का पक्का मित्र था।dūsre viśvayuddh mẽ, iṅglaiṇḍ amrīkā kā pakkā mitra thā.During the Second World War, England was America's staunch ally.

#### Synonyms

* (friend): दोस्त (dost)

#### Related terms

* मित्रा f (mitrā)
* मित्राई f (mitrāī)

### Further reading

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “मित्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘦𑘺𑘝𑘿𑘨 (maitra, “friend”).

### Noun

मित्र • (mitra) m
* friend
    Synonym: दोस्त (dosta) ( less common)
* (literary) the sun
    Synonyms: सूर्य (sūrya), भानु (bhānu), रवि (ravi)

#### Related terms

* मैत्री (maitrī)
* मैत्रीण (maitrīṇ)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “मित्र”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मित्र”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mit̪rʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: मित्र

### Noun

मित्र • (mitra)
* friend
* companion

#### Derived terms

* मित्रता (mitratā)

### See also

* साथी (sāthī)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* মিত্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* মিত্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰰𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* မိတြ (Burmese script)
* મિત્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਮਿਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂱𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಮಿತ್ರ (Kannada script)
* មិត្រ (Khmer script)
* ມິຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* മിത്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᡳᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘱𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠢᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧒𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ମିତ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢪꢶꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆴𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖰𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* මිත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩑𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚮𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* மித்ர (Tamil script)
* మిత్ర (Telugu script)
* มิตฺร (Thai script)
* མི་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒱𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨁𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /⁠miθra⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mit.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /mit̪.ɾɐ/

### Noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n (feminine मित्रा)
* a friend, companion, associate
* the sun

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

### Proper noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n
* Mitra, one of the twelve Adityas
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.89.3:तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रम्अदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म॒स्रिध॑म्। अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham. aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.We invoke them with an ancient text, Bhaga, Mitra, Aditi, Dakṣa, Asridh, Aryaman, Varuṇa, Soma, the Aśvins; and may the gracious Sarasvatī grant us happiness.
* name of a मरुत् (marut)
* name of a son of वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) and various other men
* name of the third मुहूर्त (muhūrta)
* (in the dual) = मित्रवरुण (mitrávaruṇa)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

### Noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, n
* friendship
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.3:की॒दृङ्ङिन्द्रः॑ सरमे॒ का दृ॑शी॒का यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रः परा॒कात्। आ च॒ गच्छा॑न्मि॒त्रम्एना दधा॒माथा॒ गवां॒ गोप॑तिर्नो भवाति॥kīdṛ́ṅṅíndraḥ sarame kā́ dṛśīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraḥ parākā́t. ā́ ca gácchānmitráménā́ dádhāmā́thā gávāṃ gópatirno bhavāti.What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest? Let him approach, and we will show him friendship: he shall be made the herdsman of our cattle.
* a friend, companion
* (with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship
* an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)
* a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)
* (at the end of a compound) resembling, like
* name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)
* a particular mode of fighting

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: میترین (mētrēn)
* Central:
** Sauraseni Prakrit:
*** Hindustani: mītī, mītan
**** Hindi: मीती, मीतन
**** Urdu: مِیتتِی, مِیتَن
* Eastern:
** Magadhi Prakrit:
*** Assamese: মিতিনি (mitini)
*** Bengali: মিতা (mita)
*** Odia: ମିଟଣି (miṭaṇi)
* Northern:
** Khasa Prakrit:
*** Nepali: मित्यानि (mityāni)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: mạthᵃr
    Devanagari script: म्यऺथॖर
    Arabic script: میٛٔتھٕر
* Pali: mitta
** → Thai: มิตร (mít)
** → Burmese: မိတ္တ (mitta.)
** → Khmer: មិត្ត (mɨt)
* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mitta)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Hindustani: mīt, mit, mītā
***** Hindi: मीत, मित, मीता
***** Urdu: مِیت, مِت, مِیتَا
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: মিত (mit), মিতা (mita)
**** Bengali: মিতা (mita)
**** Odia: ମିତ (mita), ମିତା (mitā)
**** Bihari:
***** Bhojpuri:
    Devanagari script: मीत
    Kaithi script: 𑂧𑂲𑂞
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Kumaoni: मीत (mīt)
**** Nepali: मित (mit)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: މިތުރު (mituru)
**** Sinhalese: මිත් (mit), මිතුරු (mituru)
** Western:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Punjabi: mitt
    Gurmukhi script: ਮਿੱਤ
    Shahmukhi script: مِتّ
**** Sindhi: miṭru
    Arabic script: مِٹرُ
    Devanagari script: मिट्रु
***** Kachchi: મિત્તર (mittar)
* → Old Javanese: mitra
** > Javanese: ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (mitra) (inherited)
*** → Indonesian: mitra
** → Balinese: ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (mitra)
* → Malayalam: മിത്രൻ (mitraṉ), മിത്രം (mitraṁ)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मित्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 816/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 354-355
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mitra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 582