# 堂

| 堂 | U+5802, &#22530; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5802 |
| ← 堁 [U+5801] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堃 → [U+5803] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火月口土 (FBRG), four-corner 9010$_4$, composition ⿱𫩠土)

#### Derived characters

* 隚 摚 嘡 漟 憆 樘 膛 瞠 鏜 (镗) 螳 糛 蹚 饄 鞺 鼞 闛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5207
* Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 452, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5802

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堂 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːŋ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 土. But the component 向 actually represents a house.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): táng (tang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tang$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong$^4$ / tong$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong$^3$ / hong$^{3*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tong$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thòng
    (Hailu, HRS): tong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tong$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ton$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): dǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dung$^2$ / dng$^2$ / dorng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tn̂g / tông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): deng$^5$ / tang$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): do$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$daon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻang$^2$
*** Yale: táng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
*** Palladius: тан (tan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tang$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tang
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tong$^4$ / tong$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: tòhng / tóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tong$^4$ / tong$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tong$^4$ / tong$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔːŋ²¹/, /tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
* tong4-2 - “room or building for a specific purpose; shop; store; mother”.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit堂 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tʰaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tʰaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʰaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tʰaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tʰaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tɔ̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /tʰɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tʰɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /tʰaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /tʰaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /tʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /tʰã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /tʰaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tʰɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tʰɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dɑ̃²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /dɑ̃¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /dɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /duɔ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰa⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tau⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tan¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /dɔn¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɔŋ²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰoŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʰoŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰɔŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tʰɔŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tʰɔŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tɔŋ³⁵/ /tŋ̍³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /touŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tɔŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/ /tɯŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /haŋ³¹/ /ʔdo³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dang
Rime :
| Character | 堂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒郎切 |
| Baxter | dang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | táng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 堂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | táng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | hall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11138 |
| Phonetic component | 尚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 唐 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːŋ/ |

### Definitions

堂
* main room of a house
* (historical) courtroom in a yamen
* room or building for a specific purpose; hall; chamber
    教堂 ― jiàotáng ― church
    祠堂 ― cítáng ― ancestral hall
* hall (used in the name of halls, sometimes specifying lineage)
    江夏堂 ― Jiāngxià Táng ― Jiangxia Hall (an ancestral hall of the surname Huang)
* shop; store (in traditional store names)
    同仁堂 ― Tóngrén Táng ― Tong Ren Tang
    位元堂 [Cantonese] ― wai$^6$ jyun$^4$ tong$^{4-2}$ [Jyutping] ― Wai Yuen Tong
* (dialectal) class; lesson
    上堂 [Cantonese] ― soeng$^5$ tong$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to attend class
    數學堂／数学堂 [Cantonese] ― sou$^3$ hok$^6$ tong$^4$ [Jyutping] ― maths lesson
    八半堂 [Cantonese] ― baat$^3$ bun$^3$ tong$^4$ [Jyutping] ― 8:30 am class
* of the same paternal grandfather or great-grandfather
* (honorific) mother
* Classifier for sets of furniture.
    一堂家具 ― yī táng jiājù ― a set of furniture
* Classifier for classes or lessons.
    一堂課／一堂课 ― yī táng kè ― a lesson
    一堂道 ― yī táng dào ― a sermon
* Classifier for court sessions.
* Classifier for scenes or murals.
* (Cantonese) Classifier for eyebrows.
* (Cantonese) Classifier for tools that are hung when in use.
    一堂梯 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ tong$^4$ tai$^1$ [Jyutping] ― a ladder
** 1874, N. B. Dennys, A Handbook of the Canton Vernacular of the Chinese Language, London: Trübner & Co., page 79:
       ngo$^5$ jiu$^3$ maai$^5$ tong$^4$ man$^{4-1}$ zoeng$^3$ [Jyutping]
       I must buy a mosquito curtain
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 架 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 堂 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 堂, 條 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 張 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頂, 床, 個 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 頂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 頂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 頂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 頂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 堂 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 堂 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 頂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 領 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 領 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 領, 個 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頂 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 頂 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 頂 |
| Wu | Danyang | 頂 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 頂 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頂 |

### Compounds

* 一堂
* 一窺堂奧 / 一窥堂奥
* 一言堂 (yīyántáng)
* 一貌堂堂
* 三代同堂
* 上堂 (shàngtáng)
* 下堂 (xiàtáng)
* 下堂妻
* 三希堂
* 三槐堂
* 世綵堂 / 世彩堂
* 中堂 (zhōngtáng)
* 二堂舍子
* 五堂功課 / 五堂功课
* 京堂
* 享堂 (xiǎngtáng)
* 亮堂 (liàngtáng)
* 亮堂堂
* 令堂 (lìngtáng)
* 佛堂 (fótáng)
* 入室升堂
* 內堂 / 内堂
* 內堂屋 / 内堂屋
* 公堂 (gōngtáng)
* 六堂
* 共濟一堂 / 共济一堂
* 共聚一堂 (gòngjùyītáng)
* 典雅堂皇
* 冠冕堂皇 (guānmiǎntánghuáng)
* 冰雪堂
* 出堂
* 北堂
* 北堂書鈔 / 北堂书钞
* 升堂 (shēngtáng)
* 升堂入室
* 升堂拜母
* 印堂 (yìntáng)
* 參堂 / 参堂
* 名堂 (míngtáng)
* 同堂
* 周堂
* 哄堂 (hōngtáng)
* 哄堂大笑 (hōngtángdàxiào)
* 善堂 (shàntáng)
* 喜堂
* 喊堂威
* 在堂
* 坐不垂堂
* 坐不窺堂 / 坐不窥堂
* 坐堂 (zuòtáng)
* 垂堂
* 坳堂
* 堂上 (tángshàng)
* 堂事
* 堂倌 (tángguān)
* 堂候官
* 堂兄 (tángxiōng)
* 堂兄弟 (tángxiōngdì)
* 堂分姑娘
* 堂判
* 堂前
* 堂印
* 堂口 (tángkǒu)
* 堂名
* 堂哥 (tánggē)
* 堂堂 (tángtáng)
* 堂堂正正 (tángtángzhèngzhèng)
* 堂堂皇皇
* 堂塔
* 堂奧 / 堂奥
* 堂妹 (tángmèi)
* 堂姊
* 堂姊妹
* 堂姪 / 堂侄
* 堂子 (tángzi)
* 堂官
* 堂客 (tángkè)
* 堂客船
* 堂尊
* 堂屋 (tángwū)
* 堂布
* 堂帖
* 堂廡 / 堂庑
* 堂弟 (tángdì)
* 堂後官 / 堂后官
* 堂房 (tángfáng)
* 堂族
* 堂會 / 堂会
* 堂案
* 堂榜
* 堂構 / 堂构
* 堂構更新 / 堂构更新
* 堂皇 (tánghuáng)
* 堂皇富麗 / 堂皇富丽
* 堂皇正大
* 堂老
* 堂而皇之 (táng'érhuángzhī)
* 堂菜
* 堂萱
* 堂號 / 堂号 (tánghào)
* 堂諭 / 堂谕
* 堂間處燕 / 堂间处燕
* 堂陛
* 堂除
* 堂頭和尚 / 堂头和尚
* 堂食 (tángshí)
* 堂饌 / 堂馔
* 堂鼓 (tánggǔ)
* 壽堂 / 寿堂
* 大堂 (dàtáng)
* 大禮堂 / 大礼堂
* 天主堂 (tiānzhǔtáng)
* 天堂 (tiāntáng)
* 天堂鳥 / 天堂鸟 (tiāntángniǎo)
* 女陪堂
* 嫡堂
* 嫡堂姪 / 嫡堂侄
* 子孫滿堂 / 子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)
* 孝堂
* 學堂 / 学堂 (xuétáng)
* 官堂
* 客堂 (kètáng)
* 家堂
* 家堂香火
* 富麗堂皇 / 富丽堂皇 (fùlì tánghuáng)
* 尊堂
* 對簿公堂 / 对簿公堂 (duìbùgōngtáng)
* 川堂
* 帷堂
* 平山堂
* 庵堂 (āntáng)
* 廟堂 / 庙堂 (miàotáng)
* 廟堂之器 / 庙堂之器
* 廟堂文學 / 庙堂文学
* 廳堂 / 厅堂 (tīngtáng)
* 弄堂 (lòngtáng)
* 影堂
* 後堂 / 后堂 (hòutáng)
* 快雪堂
* 怡堂燕雀
* 打退堂鼓 (dǎ tuìtánggǔ)
* 扶堂屋
* 拜堂 (bàitáng)
* 拜經堂 / 拜经堂
* 掃堂 / 扫堂
* 掃堂腿 / 扫堂腿
* 放堂
* 教堂 (jiàotáng)
* 散堂鼓
* 斬經堂 / 斩经堂
* 明倫堂 / 明伦堂
* 明堂
* 易堂九子
* 明堂正道
* 晝錦堂 / 昼锦堂
* 會堂 / 会堂 (huìtáng)
* 末堂
* 李惠堂
* 林獻堂 / 林献堂
* 林語堂 / 林语堂
* 查堂
* 桂堂
* 歡聚一堂 / 欢聚一堂 (huānjùyītáng)
* 正堂
* 正大堂煌
* 正正堂堂
* 步武堂皇
* 殿堂 (diàntáng)
* 池堂 (chítáng)
* 池魚堂燕 / 池鱼堂燕
* 法堂
* 法堂疏
* 浴堂 (yùtáng)
* 深入堂奧 / 深入堂奥
* 淚堂 / 泪堂
* 混堂 (hùntáng)
* 滿堂 / 满堂 (mǎntáng)
* 滿堂彩 / 满堂彩
* 滿堂紅 / 满堂红 (mǎntánghóng)
* 漏星堂
* 澄心堂紙 / 澄心堂纸
* 澡堂 (zǎotáng)
* 濟濟一堂 / 济济一堂 (jǐjǐyītáng)
* 烘堂
* 燕雀處堂 / 燕雀处堂
* 玄堂
* 玉堂 (yùtáng)
* 玉堂春
* 玉堂金門 / 玉堂金门
* 玉堂金馬 / 玉堂金马
* 琴堂
* 畫堂 / 画堂 (huàtáng)
* 當堂 / 当堂
* 登堂
* 登堂入室 (dēngtángrùshì)
* 盆堂 (péntáng)
* 直入公堂
* 相公堂子
* 相貌堂堂 (xiàngmàotángtáng)
* 祠堂 (cítáng)
* 祭堂 (jìtáng)
* 禪堂 / 禅堂 (chántáng)
* 禮堂 / 礼堂 (lǐtáng)
* 禮拜堂 / 礼拜堂 (lǐbàitáng)
* 空堂
* 穿堂 (chuāntáng)
* 穿堂門 / 穿堂门
* 站堂
* 第二課堂 / 第二课堂
* 紅堂 / 红堂 (Hóngtáng)
* 紀念堂 / 纪念堂 (jìniàntáng)
* 義堂 / 义堂 (Yìtáng)
* 考堂
* 老尊堂
* 肯堂肯構 / 肯堂肯构
* 肯構肯堂 / 肯构肯堂
* 膳堂 (shàntáng)
* 自強學堂 / 自强学堂
* 舍堂 (shètáng)
* 草堂 (cǎotáng)
* 草堂詩餘 / 草堂诗余
* 萊綵北堂 / 莱彩北堂
* 葉堂 / 叶堂
* 萱堂
* 萱堂日永
* 萱萎北堂
* 薈萃一堂 / 荟萃一堂
* 蘭堂 / 兰堂
* 虛堂懸鏡 / 虚堂悬镜
* 蠨蛸滿堂 / 蟏蛸满堂 (xiāoshāomǎntáng)
* 課堂 / 课堂 (kètáng)
* 諼堂 / 谖堂
* 講堂 / 讲堂 (jiǎngtáng)
* 走堂的
* 跑堂 (pǎotáng)
* 跑堂兒的 / 跑堂儿的
* 巡堂
* 退堂 (tuìtáng)
* 退堂鼓 (tuìtánggǔ)
* 連雅堂 / 连雅堂
* 過堂 / 过堂 (guòtáng)
* 過堂風 / 过堂风
* 遮堂
* 部堂
* 金堂 (Jīntáng)
* 金玉滿堂 / 金玉满堂 (jīnyùmǎntáng)
* 金馬玉堂 / 金马玉堂 (Jīnmǎ Yùtáng)
* 鋪堂使費 / 铺堂使费
* 門堂 / 门堂
* 開堂 / 开堂
* 開堂歃血 / 开堂歃血
* 陪堂
* 露堂
* 靈堂 / 灵堂 (língtáng)
* 風采堂堂
* 食堂 (shítáng)
* 養生堂 / 养生堂
* 香水混堂
* 驚堂 / 惊堂
* 驚堂木 / 惊堂木 (jīngtángmù)
* 高堂 (gāotáng)
* 高堂大廈 / 高堂大厦
* 鬨堂 / 哄堂 (hòngtáng)
* 鬨堂大笑 / 哄堂大笑
* 鬼名堂 (guǐmíngtáng)
* 鱣堂 / 鳣堂
* 黃堂 / 黄堂
* 黃堂太守 / 黄堂太守
* 齊聚一堂 / 齐聚一堂 (qíjùyītáng)
* 齋堂 / 斋堂 (zhāitáng)

### References

* “堂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: たかどの (takadono, 堂)、すまい (sumai)

#### Compounds

* 食堂(しょくどう) (shokudō, “cafeteria, dining room”)

### Noun

* Kanji in this term
* 堂
* どう Grade: 5
* goon
堂(どう) • (dō)
* temple
* shrine
* hall

### Prefix

堂(どう) • (dō-)
* magnificent (building)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ta̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [당]

### Hanja

Wikisource 堂 (eumhun 집 당 (jip dang))
* hanja form of 당 (“main room; room for a specific purpose”)

#### Compounds

* 식당 (食堂, sikdang, “restaurant”)
* 서낭당 (서낭堂, seonangdang, “shrine”)
* 강당 (講堂, gangdang, “lecture hall; auditorium”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

堂: Hán Nôm readings: đường, đoàng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.