OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# inżynieria oprogramowania
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “software engineering”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.ʐɘˈɲɛ.rja ɔ.prɔ.ɡra.mɔˈva.ɲa/
* Syllabification: in‧ży‧nie‧ria o‧pro‧gra‧mo‧wa‧nia

### Noun

inżynieria oprogramowania f
* (software engineering) software engineering (subfield of engineering concerned with applying a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software)

#### Related terms

* inżynier oprogramowania
* inżynierka oprogramowania

### Further reading

* inżynieria oprogramowania in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* inżynieria oprogramowania in PWN's encyclopedia
# χρηστῷ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰrɛːs.tɔ̂ːi̯/ → /xrisˈto/ → /xrisˈto/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kʰrɛːs.tɔ̂ːi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kʰre̝sˈto/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /xrisˈto/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /xrisˈto/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /xrisˈto/

### Adjective

χρηστῷ • (khrēstôi)
* masculine/neuter dative singular of χρηστός (khrēstós)
# division ring
## English
### Noun

division ring (plural division rings)
* (algebra) A ring with 0 ≠ 1, such that every non-zero element a has a multiplicative inverse, meaning an element x with ax = 1.

#### Synonyms

* skew field

#### Hypernyms

* noncommutative ring

#### Hyponyms

* division algebra
* field
# nephrocystostomy
## English
### Etymology

From nephro- +‎ cystostomy.

### Noun

nephrocystostomy (plural nephrocystostomies)
* (surgery) A combined nephrostomy and cystostomy
# trime
## English
### Noun

trime (plural trimes)
* A silver coin worth three cents, minted in the US from 1851 to 1873.
** 2025 February 11, Jiachuan Wu and Ash Reynolds, “As Trump aims to ax the penny, these are the coins that cost more than they're worth”, in NBC News‎:If the penny is discontinued, it will join the ranks of other obsolete American coins, including the trime, a 3-cent coin discontinued in 1873, and the gold dollar coin, which was discontinued in 1889; that differed from the dollar coin currently in circulation.

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* trajme
* trimneshë
* trajmneshë

### Etymology

From trim +‎ -e.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾimɛ/

### Noun

trime m (plural trime, definite trimja, definite plural trimjat) (masculine equivalent trim)
* hero
* heroine

## French
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -im

### Verb

trime
* inflection of trimer:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* miter
* mitre, mitré
* remit, remît

## Latin
### Adjective

trīme
* vocative masculine singular of trīmus

## West Frisian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

trime c (plural trimen, diminutive trymke)
* stair of a staircase or ladder
* long list
* long story

#### Alternative forms

* trieme
* triem

#### Further reading

* “trime”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
# მფლანგველობა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მფლანგველი (mplangveli) +‎ -ობა (-oba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mpʰɫaŋɡʷeɫoba]
* Hyphenation: მფლან‧გვე‧ლო‧ბა

### Noun

მფლანგველობა • (mplangveloba) (uncountable)
* extravagance, prodigality, profligacy

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# megalographia
## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek μεγαλογραφία (megalographía).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /me.ɡa.loˈɡra.pʰi.a/, [mɛɡäɫ̪ɔˈɡräpʰiä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /me.ɡa.loˈɡra.fi.a/, [meɡäloˈɡräːfiä]

### Noun

megalographia f (genitive megalographiae); first declension
* (art, painting) megalography, the painting of large or grand subjects
** c. 80 BCE – 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De Architectura 7.4.4:tricliniis hibernis non est utilis compositione nec megalographia nec camerarum coronario opere subtilis ornatus

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

### References

* “megalographia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* megalographia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# Cartesian coordinate
## English
### Alternative forms

* Cartesian coördinate
* Cartesian co-ordinate

### Noun

Cartesian coordinate (plural Cartesian coordinates)
* (geometry) The coordinates of a point measured from an origin along a horizontal axis from left to right (the x-axis) and along a vertical axis from bottom to top (the y-axis). This can be extended to three-dimensions by the z-axis perpendicular to the x- and y-axes.

#### Synonyms

* rectangular coordinates

#### Translations
### See also

* polar coordinates
* Wikipedia article on Cartesian coordinates
* Euclidian space
# اوكورغه
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* اوكرغه, اوڭورغه, اوٓڭورغه, اوٓمورغه

### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *oŋurtka.

### Noun

اوكورغه • (oñurga)
* (anatomy) spine, backbone

#### Descendants

* Turkish: omurga
# მშვიდობიანი შეკრების თავისუფლება
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʃʷidobiani ʃekʼɾebis tʰavisupʰleba]
* Hyphenation: მშვი‧დო‧ბი‧ა‧ნი შეკ‧რე‧ბის თა‧ვი‧სუფ‧ლე‧ბა

### Noun

მშვიდობიანი შეკრების თავისუფლება • (mšvidobiani šeḳrebis tavisupleba) (uncountable)
* freedom of [peaceful] assembly

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# rudému
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrudɛːmu]

### Adjective

rudému
* dative masculine/neuter singular of rudý
# Holothuroidea
## Translingual
### Etymology

Holothuria +‎ -oidea

### Proper noun

Holothuroidea
* A taxonomic class within the phylum Echinodermata – sea cucumbers or holothurians.

#### Hypernyms

* (class): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Deuterostomia – superphylum; Echinodermata – phylum; Eleutherozoa - subphylum; Cryptosyringida (sea urchins, etc.) - superclass

#### Hyponyms

* (class): Apodida, Molpadida; Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida; Dendrochirotida - orders per Ruggiero et al.

### References

* Holothuroidea on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Holothuroidea on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Holothuroidea on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Holothuroidea at World Register of Marine Species
* Holothuroidea at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Holothuroidea at the Tree of Life Web Project
* Holothuroidea at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# mind-warpingly
## English
### Adverb

mind-warpingly (comparative more mind-warpingly, superlative most mind-warpingly)
* In a mind-warping way; mind-bendingly, mind-bogglingly
** 1994 May 20, Patrick Eves, “Yet Another Crow Review”, in alt.gothic‎ (Usenet):The photography is superb, the editing mindwarpingly precise, and the effects are professionally executed yet tastefully low-key
** 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Rogueport:The world sure is full of strange and mind-warpingly wonderful places
# supremus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* superrimus, superrumus

### Etymology

From earlier *suprezmo- < *superezemo- < *superisemo-, from Proto-Italic *superisemos. Equivalent to superus +‎ -issimus. Same development as extrēmus and postrēmus. Compare with summus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /suˈpreː.mus/, [s̠ʊˈpreːmʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /suˈpre.mus/, [suˈprɛːmus]

### Adjective

suprēmus (superlative, feminine suprēma, neuter suprēmum); first/second declension
* superlative degree of superus

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Antonyms

* īnfimus

#### Derived terms

* suprēmitās

#### Descendants

(all borrowings)
* Catalan: suprem
* English: supreme
* French: suprême
* Italian: supremo
* Portuguese: supremo
* Romanian: suprem
* Spanish: supremo

### References

* “supremus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "supremus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* supremus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) to depart this life: mortem (diem supremum) obire (ambiguous) on one's last day: supremo vitae die (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: supremo officio in aliquem fungi (ambiguous) to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) (ambiguous) the last wishes of a deceased person: alicuius mortui voluntas (suprema)
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
# მშობელთა კრება
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʃobeltʰa kʼɾeba]
* Hyphenation: მშო‧ბელ‧თა კრე‧ბა

### Noun

მშობელთა კრება • (mšobelta ḳreba) (plural მშობელთა კრებები)
* parent–teacher conference, parent–teacher interview, parent–teacher night, parents' evening, parent teacher meeting

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# group ring
## English
### Noun

group ring (plural group rings)
* (algebra) Given ring R with identity not equal to zero, and group $G=\{g_{1},g_{2},...,g_{n}\}$, the group ring RG has elements of the form $a_{1}g_{1}+a_{2}g_{2}+...+a_{n}g_{n}$ (where $a_{i}\in R$) such that the sum of $a_{1}g_{1}+a_{2}g_{2}+...+a_{n}g_{n}$ and $b_{1}g_{1}+b_{2}g_{2}+...+b_{n}g_{n}$ is $(a_{1}+b_{1})g_{1}+(a_{2}+b_{2})g_{2}+...+(a_{n}+b_{n})g_{n}$ and the product is $\sum _{k=1}^{n}\left(\sum _{g_{i}g_{j}=g_{k}}a_{i}b_{j}\right)g_{k}$.

#### Synonyms

* group algebra

#### Hypernyms

* algebra over a ring
* free module
* ring
# 达菲
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 达菲 – see 達菲 (“Tamiflu”). (This term is the simplified form of 達菲).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# əsən
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *esen.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

əsən (comparative daha əsən, superlative ən əsən)
* (obsolete) safe, sound, healthy
    Synonyms: sağ, salamat

#### Derived terms

* əsənlik (neologism)

### Further reading

* “əsən” in Obastan.com.
# parakeet
## English
### Alternative forms

* paraquito, paroquet, parrakeet, parroket, parroquet, perokito

### Etymology

From Middle French perroquet, probably a diminutive form of the personal name Pierre; some variant forms perhaps via Italian parrocchetto, Spanish periquito.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpaɹəkiːt/, /paɹəˈkiːt/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpɛɹəkit/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

parakeet (plural parakeets)
* Any of various species of small parrot primarily of tropical regions. [from 16th c.]
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 8, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:we had loved them for our pastimes, as we do apes, monkies, or perokitoes, and not as man.
** 2009 October 12, Patrick Barkham, The Guardian:According to one legend, the parakeets escaped from the set of The African Queen, John Huston's 1951 film made at Shepperton studios.

#### Usage notes

The common parakeet kept as a pet is called the budgie or budgerigar in Commonwealth nations.

#### Derived terms

* Alexandrine parakeet
* austral parakeet
* Carolina parakeet
* echo parakeet
* emerald parakeet
* keet
* monk parakeet
* parakeet auk
* parakeet auklet
* ring-necked parakeet
* rose-ringed parakeet
* sulfur parakeet
* sulphur parakeet
* white-eared parakeet
* white-winged parakeet

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* parakeet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# منصوص
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of نَصَّ (naṣṣa, “to determine, to arrange”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /man.sˤuːsˤ/
* Rhymes: -uːsˤ

### Adjective

مَنْصُوص • (manṣūṣ) (feminine مَنْصُوصَة (manṣūṣa), masculine plural مَنْصُوصُونَ (manṣūṣūna), feminine plural مَنْصُوصَات (manṣūṣāt))
* attributed to it's author or source
* exhibited
* (Islamic Jurisprudence) supported by authority from the Qur'an or a Hadith
* piled in rows

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: منصوص (mansûs)
# მშობიარობა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʃobiaɾoba]

### Noun

მშობიარობა • (mšobiaroba) (uncountable)
* accouchement, childbirth, parturition

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# commutative algebra
## English
### Noun

commutative algebra (countable and uncountable, plural commutative algebras)
* (mathematics) The branch of algebra concerned with commutative rings and objects related to them (such as ideals and modules).
** 1992, R. Keith Dennis, Claudio Pedrini, Michael R. Stein, editors, Algebraic K-theory, Commutative Algebra, and Algebraic Geometry: Proceedings of the Joint Seminar, American Mathematical Society:
** 1992, Cornelius Greither, Cyclic Galois Extensions of Commutative Rings, Springer, page vii:The subject of these notes is a part of commutative algebra, and is also closely related to certain topics in algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry.
** 2003, Ragnar-Olaf Buchweitz, Morita contexts, idempotents, and Hochschild cohomology — with applications to invariant rings, Luchezar L. Avramov, Marcel Morales, Marc Chardin, Claudia Polini (editors), Commutative Algebra: Interactions with Algebraic Geometry: International Conference, American Mathematical Society, page 27,
    It is not until section 7 that we deal with commutative algebra proper, whereas the sections leading up to it should be seen as advocacy that excursions into noncommutative algebra can help to shed light on problems in commutative algebra.
* (algebra) Any algebra (mathematical structure) in which the multiplication operation is commutative.
** 1907, James Byrnie Shaw, Synopsis of Linear Associative Algebra, Carnegie Institution of Washington, page 46:Theorem. If the complex of the linearly independent numbers of the form $\zeta a-a\zeta$ be deleted from an algebra, the remaining numbers form a commutative algebra.
** 2010, M. Loaiza, A. Sánchez-Numgaray, “On C*-Algebras of Super Toeplitz Operators with Radial Symbols”, in Roland V. Duduchava, Israel Gohberg, Sergei M. Grudsky, Vladimir Rabinovich, editors, Recent Trends in Toeplitz and Pseudodifferential Operators, Springer, page 175:The existence of commutative algebras of Toeplitz operators is not usual, for example there are not non trivial commutative algebras of Toeplitz operators acting on the Hardy space.
** 2017, Benoit Fresse, Homotopy of Operads and Grothendieck-Teichmuller Groups: Part 2, American Mathematical Society, page 163:We devote this chapter to the study of unitary commutative algebras in dg-modules, in simplicial modules and in cosimplicial modules.
    Hyponym: polynomial ring

#### Synonyms

* (algebra which has a commutative multiplication operation): Abelian algebra

#### Related terms

* noncommutative algebra (concerned with rings that are not assumed to be commutative)

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Associative algebra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Glossary of commutative algebra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* List of commutative algebra topics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Commutative algebra on Encyclopedia of Mathematics
* Commutative Algebra on Wolfram MathWorld
# Kumtag Desert
## English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

### Proper noun

Kumtag Desert
* A desert in Xinjiang, China.
    Synonym: Kumtag
** 2007 July 10, “China pledges safe fare for Games”, in Reuters‎, archived from the original on 15 May 2020, Healthcare & Pharma:People stand in shape as Olympic Rings to celebrate the upcoming 2008 Beijing Olympic Games at Kumtag desert region in Shanshan County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region June 23, 2007.
** 2020 May 11, Anna Sherman, “A Poetic Journey Through Western China”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 11 May 2020‎:“DO YOU BELIEVE the voices are real?” My Chinese guide and I were standing in the Yardang National Geopark, on the border between Gansu Province and the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region in China’s extreme northwest. The nearest town was Dunhuang, 110 miles to the southeast. Enormous yardangs — curving sandstone and mudstone strata carved by winds — towered over us. Others floated on the far horizon. “You mean the singing sands?” I asked. On my map, an asterisk marked this strange feature of the Kumtag Desert, three miles from Dunhuang. If you throw yourself down the dunes in that place, the air resonates — sometimes like the lowest note on a cello; sometimes like a crack of thunder.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Kumtag Desert.
# Tropeano
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Tropeano.

### Proper noun

Tropeano (plural Tropeanos)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Tropeano is the 39837th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 551 individuals. Tropeano is most common among White (94.74%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Tropeano”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

## Italian
### Etymology

From tropeano (“inhabitant of Tropea”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tro.peˈa.no/
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: Tro‧pe‧à‧no

### Proper noun

Tropeano m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the place name

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# йәшәү
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *yāša- (“to live”), a derivation of Proto-Turkic *yāĺ.
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (jaša-, “to live”); Kazakh жасау (jasau, “to live”), Kumyk яшамакъ (yaşamaq, “to live”), Uzbek yashamoq (“to find”), Uyghur ياشىماق (yashimaq, “to live”), Southern Altai јажа- (ǰaža-, “to live (up to a certain age)”), Khakas чазирға (çazirğa, “to live (up to a certain age)”), Turkmen ýaşamak, Turkish yaşamak (“to live”).

### Verb

йәшәү • (yəşəw)
* to live
    Йәшәү кимәле.Yəşəw kiməle.The living standard.
    Төрлө йәшәү шарттарына һәм мөхиттәргә еңел яраҡлышыусан, төрлө аҙыҡтан туҡлана алған хайуан.Törlö yəşəw şarttarına həm möxittərgə yeñel yaraqlışıwsan, törlö aźıqtan tuqlana alğan xaywan.An animal that easily adapts to different living conditions and environments, can feed on various food.
    Ҡан биреүселәр оҙаҡ йәшәй.Qan birewselər oźaq yəşəy.Blood donors live long.
    Борон-борон заманда йәшәгән ти ҡарт менән ҡарсыҡ.Boron-boron zamanda yəşəgən ti qart menən qarsıq.Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman.
    Ауылда ғына йәшәп, ситкә сығып йөрөмәгән балаларҙың аң даирәһе бер ни тиклем сикләнгән була.Awılda ğına yəşəp, sitkə sığıp yöröməgən balalarźıñ añ dairəhe ber ni tiklem sikləngən bula.The outlook (reach of thought) is (typically) somewhat limited in the children who have only lived in a village and have not traveled (much; i.e. left the village).

### References

* ↑ Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 246
# strepens
## Latin
### Etymology

Present participle of strepō

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈstre.pens/, [ˈs̠t̪rɛpẽːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈstre.pens/, [ˈst̪rɛːpens]

### Participle

strepēns (genitive strepentis); third-declension one-termination participle
* making a noise, rattling, rustling

#### Declension

Third-declension participle.
$^1$When used purely as an adjective.
# მცხეთა
## Georgian
### Etymology

Subject of dispute. Many Georgian linguists have derived it from მესხი (mesxi) (name of an ancient Kartvelian tribe). However, Guram Bedoshvili associated it with მჴცე (mqce, “old, wise man”). According to Klimov (1964), possibly from Proto-Georgian-Zan *ʒ₁ixe- (“fortress”) (whence also Georgian ციხე (cixe) and Mingrelian ჯიხა (ǯixa)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mt͡sʰχetʰa]
* Hyphenation: მცხე‧თა
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

მცხეთა • (mcxeta)
* Mtskheta (a city in Georgia)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### References

* Bedošvili, Guram (2002) Kartul ṭoṗonimta ganmarṭebit-eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Dictionary of Georgian Geographical Names]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Bakur Sulakauri Publishing, →ISBN
* Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 239
# partial order
## English
### Noun

partial order (plural partial orders)
* (set theory, order theory) (informal) An ordering of the elements of a collection that behaves like that of the natural numbers by size, except that some elements may not be comparable (if all elements are comparable, it is called a total order); (formal) a binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive.
** 1986, Kenneth R. Goodearl, Partially Ordered Abelian Groups with Interpolation, American Mathematical Society, Softcover reprint 2010, page xxi,
    A partial order on a set X is any reflexive, antisymmetric, transitive relation on X. In most cases, partial orders are denoted ≤.
** 1999, Paul A. S. Ward, An Online Algorithm for Dimension-Bound Analysis, Patrick Amestoy, P. Berger, M. Daydé, I. Duff, V. Frayssé, L. Giraud, D. Ruiz (editors), Euro-Par ’99 Parallel Processing: 5th International Euro-Par Conference, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 1685, page 144,
    The vector-clock size necessary to characterize causality in a distributed computation is bounded by the dimension of the partial order induced by that computation.
** 2008, David Eppstein, Jean-Claude Falmagne, Sergei Ovchinnikov, Media Theory: Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, Springer, page 7:Consider an arbitrary finite set S. The family ${\mathcal {P}}$ of all strict partial orders (asymmetric, transitive, cf. 1.8.3, p. 14) on S enjoys a remarkable property: any partial order P can be linked to any other partial order P’ by a sequence of steps each of which consists of changing the order either by adding one ordered pair of elements of S (imposing an ordering between two previously-incomparable elements) or by removing one ordered pair (causing two previously related elements to become incomparable), without ever leaving the family ${\mathcal {P}}$.

#### Synonyms

* partial ordering relation

#### Hypernyms

* preorder

#### Hyponyms

* total order
** well-order

#### Related terms

* order
* partially ordered set

#### Translations
### References

* B. Dushnik and E. W. Miller, Partially Ordered Sets, Amer. J. Math. 63 (1941), 600-610.

### Further reading

* Partially ordered set on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Complete partial order on Wikipedia.Wikipedia