# яд
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̟t]
* Homophone: ят (jat)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jadъ (“anger, hate”).

#### Noun

яд • (jad) m
* anger, hate, fury, strong irritation (emotion)
    Synonyms: гняв (gnjav), я́рост (járost)
    яд ме е ― jad me e ― I am disappointed/disheartened
* (figurative) nuisance, trouble, unfortune (something that triggers hate, irritation)
    бе́ра ядове́ ― béra jadové ― to get into trouble/to bear unfortunes

##### Derived terms

* ядо́свам impf (jadósvam), ядо́сам pf (jadósam, “to enfuriate, to enrage”)
* ядови́т (jadovít, “wrathful”)
* я́ден (jáden), ядо́сан (jadósan, “angry, enraged”)

##### Related terms

* о́вад (óvad, “predatory insect”) (dialectal, possibly)

#### References

* “яд¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “яд (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

### Etymology 2

From Old Church Slavonic ꙗдъ (jadŭ), reflecting Proto-Slavic *(j)ědъ (“poison”).

#### Noun

яд • (jad) m
* (dated, uncountable) poison, venom
    Synonym: отро́ва (otróva)
* (figurative) evil intent, malice, grudge
    Synonyms: жлъч (žlǎč), зло́ба (zlóba)

##### Derived terms

* ядови́т (jadovít, “poisonous”) (dated)

#### References

* “яд²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “яд (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* ꙗдъ in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

### Etymology 3

Conflation of Proto-Slavic *ědъ (“eater”), *ěda (“eating”), *ědь f (“food”) (i-stem).

#### Noun

яд • (jad) m
* (in compounds) eater (one who eats)
    Synonym: я́дец (jádec)
* (dated) eating, consumption
    Synonyms: я́дене (jádene), хра́нене (hránene)
* (dated) food, consumable
    Synonyms: яди́во (jadívo), храна́ (hraná)

##### Alternative forms

* я́да f (jáda) — dialectal, in sense eating

##### Derived terms

* всея́ден (vsejáden, “omnivorous”)
* гъбоя́ден (gǎbojáden, “mucivorous”)
* дървоя́д (dǎrvojád, “wood-eater”) (epithet for larvae of some beetles)
* кожоя́д (kožojád, “skin beetle, dermestid”)
* короя́д (korojád, “bark-eater”) (epithet for larvae of some beetles)
* лешоя́д (lešojád, “vulture”) (bird)
* листоя́д (listojád, “leaf beetle, chrysomelid”)
* медoя́д (medojád, “honey-eater”) (epithet for bears)
* месоя́ден (mesojáden, “carnivorous”)
** мършоя́ден (mǎršojáden, “scavanger, carcass-eating”)
** насекомоя́ден (nasekomojáden, “insectivorous”)
* мравоя́д (mravojád, “ant-eater”) (mammal)
* плодоя́д (plodojád, “fruitcrow”) (bird)
* пчелоя́д (pčelojád, “bee-eater”) (bird)
* растителноя́ден (rastitelnojáden, “herbivorous”)
** дървоя́ден (dǎrvojáden, “xylophagous”)
** зърноя́ден (zǎrnojáden, “granivorous”)
** листоя́ден (listojáden, “folivorous”)
** нектароя́ден (nektarojáden, “nectarivorous”)
** плодоя́ден (plodojáden, “frugivorous”)
** тревоя́ден (trevojáden, “graminivorous”)
* рибоя́д (ribojád, “fish-eater”) (bird)
* цветоя́д (cvetojád, “flowerpecker”) (bird)
* човекоя́д (čovekojád, “man-eater, cannibal”)

##### Related terms

* обя́д (objád, “lunch”), о́бед (óbed, “noon time”)
* я́дба (jádba), я́деж (jádež, “eating”) (dialectal)
* я́дка (jádka, “snack”) (in compounds)
** зая́дка (zajádka, “starter”)
** ная́дка (najádka, “meal, feast”) (dialectal)
** прея́дка (prejádka, “additional snack”) (dialectal)
** разя́дка (razjádka, “appetizer, dessert”)
** сня́дка (snjádka, “breakfast, fast food”) (dialectal)
* ядли́в (jadlív), я́дък (jádǎk, “edible”)
* я́дца (jádca, “glutton”) (dated)
* я́стие (jástie, “dish”)

#### References

* ꙗдь in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

## Lezgi
### Etymology

From Proto-Lezghian *ʎ:än:.

### Noun

яд • (äd)
* Alternative form of йад (jad)

#### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic ядъ (jadŭ) / ѣдъ (jědŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ědъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jat]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

яд • (jad) m inan (genitive я́да, nominative plural я́ды, genitive plural я́дов)
* poison, venom
** 1999, “Я сошла́ с ума́ [Ja sošlá s umá]”, performed by t.A.T.u.:Э́то ме́дленный яд Э́то сводит с ума́ А они́ говоря́т - винова́та сама́Éto médlennyj jad Éto svodit s umá A oní govorját - vinováta samáIt's slow poison It's making me crazy And they say it's all my fault
* (figuratively) something or someone that has a harmful effect on someone

#### Synonyms

* отра́ва (otráva)

#### Derived terms

* противоя́дие n (protivojádije)
* ядови́тый (jadovítyj)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: jaadu

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “яд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “яд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 466

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) їд (jid)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian ꙗдъ, ѣдъ (jad, jěd), from Old East Slavic ꙗдъ, ѣдъ (jadŭ, jědŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ědъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jad]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

яд • (jad) m inan (genitive я́да, nominative plural я́ди, genitive plural я́дів)
* (uncommon) poison
    Synonym: отру́та (otrúta)

#### Derived terms

* ядови́тий (jadovýtyj)

#### Related terms

* їда́ f (jidá)
* ї́жа f (jíža)
* ї́сти impf (jísty)
* яду́чий (jadúčyj)
* я́сла pl (jásla)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “яд”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “яд”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “яд”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “яд”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)