# caith
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish caithid, from Proto-Celtic *katyeti; compare Latin catēia (“projectile”), which is from Gaulish.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kɑh/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ka/
* (Ulster) IPA: /kaiç/ ~ /kãiç/

### Verb

caith (present analytic caitheann, future analytic caithfidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caite)
* to wear
* to consume
** to smoke (tobacco)
** to take (medicine)
* to spend
* to throw
* (modal) must, have to (in future and conditional)
    Caithfidh mé imeacht. ― I have to go.
    Chaith sí dhá stoca éagsúil. Ar ndóigh, chaithfeadh sí a bheith difriúil.She wore non-matching socks. Of course she had to be different.

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | caitheamh | caitheamh | caitheamh | caitheamh | caitheamh | caitheamh | caitheamh | caitheamh |
| past participle | caite | caite | caite | caite | caite | caite | caite | caite |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | caithim | caitheann tú; caithir$^†$ | caitheann sé, sí | caithimid | caitheann sibh | caitheann siad; caithid$^†$ | a chaitheann; a chaitheas / a gcaitheann* | caitear |
| past | chaith mé; chaitheas | chaith tú; chaithis | chaith sé, sí | chaitheamar; chaith muid | chaith sibh; chaitheabhair | chaith siad; chaitheadar | a chaith / ar chaith* | caitheadh |
| past habitual | chaithinn / gcaithinn‡‡ | chaiteá / gcaiteá‡‡ | chaitheadh sé, sí / gcaitheadh sé, sí‡‡ | chaithimis; chaitheadh muid / gcaithimis‡‡; gcaitheadh muid‡‡ | chaitheadh sibh / gcaitheadh sibh‡‡ | chaithidís; chaitheadh siad / gcaithidís‡‡; gcaitheadh siad‡‡ | a chaitheadh / a gcaitheadh* | chaití / gcaití‡‡ |
| future | caithfidh mé; caithfead | caithfidh tú; caithfir$^†$ | caithfidh sé, sí | caithfimid; caithfidh muid | caithfidh sibh | caithfidh siad; caithfid$^†$ | a chaithfidh; a chaithfeas / a gcaithfidh* | caithfear |
| conditional | chaithfinn / gcaithfinn‡‡ | chaithfeá / gcaithfeá‡‡ | chaithfeadh sé, sí / gcaithfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | chaithfimis; chaithfeadh muid / gcaithfimis‡‡; gcaithfeadh muid‡‡ | chaithfeadh sibh / gcaithfeadh sibh‡‡ | chaithfidís; chaithfeadh siad / gcaithfidís‡‡; gcaithfeadh siad‡‡ | a chaithfeadh / a gcaithfeadh* | chaithfí / gcaithfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go gcaithe mé; go gcaithead$^†$ | go gcaithe tú; go gcaithir$^†$ | go gcaithe sé, sí | go gcaithimid; go gcaithe muid | go gcaithe sibh | go gcaithe siad; go gcaithid$^†$ | — | go gcaitear |
| past | dá gcaithinn | dá gcaiteá | dá gcaitheadh sé, sí | dá gcaithimis; dá gcaitheadh muid | dá gcaitheadh sibh | dá gcaithidís; dá gcaitheadh siad | — | dá gcaití |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | caithim | caith | caitheadh sé, sí | caithimis | caithigí; caithidh$^†$ | caithidís | — | caitear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Derived terms

* caith seile
* caith suas

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 150
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 172, page 65

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “caith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish caithid, from Proto-Celtic *katyeti; compare Latin catēia (“projectile”), which is from Gaulish.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɛh/

### Verb

caith (past chaith, future caithidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caithte)
* spend, pass (time)
* waste, squander
* wear (clothes)

#### Derived terms

* caitheadair (“consumer”)
* fear-caitheamh (“wearer; consumer”)