# ایل
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (é̄l), Azerbaijani el, Bashkir ил (il), Chuvash ял (jal), Kazakh ел (el), Kyrgyz эл (el), Tatar ил (il), Turkmen īl, Uyghur ئەل (el) and Uzbek el.

### Noun

ایل • (il)
* (originally) any other person that one's self, others, other people
* any person or persons other than one's own household, tribe, or nation, strangers
* tribe, people, or nation; especially a subdivision of a large tribe called ulus
* the country of any particular tribe, or ruled over by any particular man or dynasty
    Synonyms: اولكا (ülke), دولت (devlet)

#### Coordinate terms

* اوروق (uruk, “clan, subdivision of a tribe”)
* اولوس (ulus, “a large tribe”)
* اویماق (oymak, “sept of a tribe”)
* بوی (boy, “tribe, clan”)

#### Derived terms

* ایلچی (elçi, ilçi)
* تونج ایلی (tunc eli, “Tunceli, a city and province of Turkey”)
* روم‌ایلی (rumeli)
* قارلی ایلی (karlı eli, “Aetolia-Acarnania”)
* قرقلر ایلی (kırklar eli, “Kırklareli, a city and province of Turkey”)
* قوجه ایلی (koca eli, “Kocaeli, a province of Turkey”)

#### Descendants

* Gagauz: iel
* Turkish: il, el
* → Armenian: էլ (ēl)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “il1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2132
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ایل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 223
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Regio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1452
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ایل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 604
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “il”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ایل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 302

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From a Turkic language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ēl.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔeːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔeːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔeːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔeːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔeːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔiːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔel]

#### Noun

ایل • (ēl / il) (plural ایلات (ēlāt / ilât) or ایل‌ها (ēl-hā / il-hâ))
* clan
* tribe
* (Tajik) friend

##### Derived terms

* ایلی (ēlī / ili)

### Etymology 2

Likely borrowed from Azerbaijani ایل/il

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔiːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔiːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔiːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔiːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔil̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔiːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔil]

#### Noun

ایل • (īl / il)
* year (used only in Turkic year names)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic أُيَّل (ʔuyyal).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔuj.jal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔʊj.jäl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔʊj.jäl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔʊj.jäl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔuj.jäl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔoj.jæl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔuj.jäl]

#### Noun

ایل • (uyyal / oyyal)
* (Archaic or Classical Persian) deer, stag

### Further reading

* “ایل”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024