# 土星
## Chinese
### Etymology

From 土 (“soil, earth, field”) and 星 (xīng, “star”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Tǔxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^2$ sing$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Thú-sên
* Eastern Min (BUC): Tū-sĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Thó͘-chhiⁿ / Thó͘-chheⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tou$^2$ cên$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$thu-shin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Tǔxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔsing
*** Wade–Giles: Tʻu$^3$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: Tǔ-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuushing
*** Palladius: Тусин (Tusin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^2$ sing$^1$
*** Yale: tóu sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^2$ sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^2$ xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thú-sên
*** Hakka Romanization System: tu$^ˋ$ sen$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tu$^3$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰu³¹ sen²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Tū-sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³³⁻²¹ $^{(s-)}$liŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thó͘-chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Thóo-tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tofchvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thó͘-chheⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Thóo-tshenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tofzhvef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tou$^2$ cên$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóu tsheⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$thu-shin
*** MiniDict: thu$^去$ shin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$thu-xin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰu³³ ɕin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: thuX|duX seng
Rime :
| Character | 土 | 土 | 星 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 定 (7) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 他魯切 | 徒古切 | 桑經切 |
| Baxter | thuX | duX | seng |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuo$^X$/ | /duo$^X$/ | /seŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuo$^X$/ | /duo$^X$/ | /seŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰo$^X$/ | /do$^X$/ | /sɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɔ$^X$/ | /dɔ$^X$/ | /sɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰo$^X$/ | /do$^X$/ | /seŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰu$^X$/ | /du$^X$/ | /sieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰuo$^X$/ | /dʱuo$^X$/ | /sieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tǔ | dù | xīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^2$ | dou$^6$ | sing$^1$ |

### Proper noun

土星
* Saturn (planet)

#### Synonyms

* 鎮星／镇星 (Zhènxīng)

#### Derived terms

* 土星人 (tǔxīngrén)

#### Descendants

* → Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (twprʾq ywltwz /⁠⁠Tupraḳ yultuz⁠⁠/) (calque)

#### See also

* planets of the Solar System: 太陽系的行星, 太阳系的行星: 水星 (Shuǐxīng) · 金星 (Jīnxīng) · 地球 (Dìqiú) · 火星 (Huǒxīng) · 木星 (Mùxīng) · 土星 (Tǔxīng) · 天王星 (Tiānwángxīng) · 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 土 | 星 |
| ど Grade: 1 | せい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 土星 (MC thuX seng, literally “earth, soil + star”). The do reading for 土 is the kan'yōon or "customary reading", indicating a shift after borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) どせー [dòséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [do̞se̞ː]

### Proper noun

土(ど)星(せい) • (Dosei)
* Saturn (planet)
** 2009 February 13 [2004 March 23], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act(アクト) 37(サーティセブン)　無(む)限(げん)11(イレブン)　無(む)限(げん)大(だい)——審(しん)判(ぱん) [Act 37: Infinity 11: Infinity——Judgment]”, in [美少女戦士](Pretty Guardian)[セーラームーン](SAILORMOON) [Pretty Guardian SAILOR MOON], 5th edition, volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 88–89:
    ——わたしは死(し)の淵(ふち)よりの使(し)者(しゃ)　破(は)滅(めつ)の星(ほし)土(ど)星(せい)を守(しゅ)護(ご)に持(も)つ沈(ちん)黙(もく)の戦(せん)士(し)セーラーサターン
       ——Watashi wa shi no fuchi yori no shisha Hametsu no Hoshi Dosei o shugo ni motsu chinmoku no senshi Sērā Satān
       ——I am the messenger from the depths of death, the keeper of Saturn the Devastation Planet, the silent warrior, Sailor Saturn

#### Synonyms

* サターン (Satān)
* (archaic) 土(ど)曜(よう) (Doyō)

#### Derived terms

* 土(ど)星(せい)丘(きゅう) (Dosei kyū): (palmistry) a mount of Saturn

#### See also

* planets of the Solar System: 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei): 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei) · 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei) · 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū) · 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei) · 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei) · 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei) · 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei) · 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei)
* 土(ど)星(せい)の輪(わ) (Dosei no wa): Saturn's rings, the rings of Saturn
* サートゥルヌス (Sāturunusu): Saturn, the Roman god

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 土 | 星 |

### Proper noun

土星 • (Toseong) (hangeul 토성)
* hanja form of 토성 (“Saturn”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 土 | 星 |

### Proper noun

土星
* chữ Hán form of Thổ tinh (“Saturn”).