# gilder
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɡɪldə/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɡɪldɚ/
* Homophone: guilder
* Rhymes: -ɪldə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: gild‧er

### Etymology 1

From Middle English gilder (“gilder; goldsmith”) [and other forms], from gilden (“to cover with gilding, gild; to decorate with gold”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”)) + -er, -ere (suffix forming agent nouns, especially the names of persons engaged in professions or trades); analysable as gild +‎ -er.

#### Noun

gilder (plural gilders)
* One who gilds; especially one whose occupation is to overlay things with gold.
** 1609 December (first performance), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 532:A lady ſhould, indeed, ſtudie her face, when wee thinke ſhee ſleepes: nor, when the dores are ſhut, ſhould men bee inquiring, all is ſacred within, then. [...] you ſee guilders will not worke, but inclos'd. They muſt not diſcouer, how little ſerues, with the helpe of art, to adorne a great deale.
** 1735, [John Barrow], “COUCH”, in Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. […], volume I (A–H), London: […] C[harles] Hitch and C[harles] Davis […], and S[amuel] Austen […], →OCLC:The leather gilders lay a Couch of water and whites of eggs on the leather, before they apply the leaf gold or ſilver.
** 1767, Thomas Mortimer, “GILDER”, in A New and Complete Dictionary of Trade and Commerce: […], volume II, London: Printed for the author; and sold by S. Crowder, […]; and J. Coote, […]; and J. Fletcher, […], →OCLC, column 2:Gilding in oil, or oily ſize, is uſed for domes, roofs of churches, ſtatues that are to ſtand in the weather, &c. For this purpoſe the Engliſh gilders generally adopt a gold ſize, made of yellow oker ground fine with water, and dried on a chalk ſtone, then ground up with a proper quantity of drying oil, to give it the ſtiffneſs required.
** 1810 January, “O.” [pseudonym], “Remarkable Benevolence”, in The Christian’s Magazine: Designed to Promote the Knowledge and Influence of Evangelical Truth and Order, volume III, number I, New York, N.Y.: Published by Williams and Whiting, […]; J. Seymour, printer, →OCLC, page 29:He was a painter and gilder. [...] Now could the poor gilder no longer get paid by his employers.
** 1887, Karl Marx, “Division of Labour and Manufacture”, in Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, transl., edited by Frederick [i.e., Friedrich] Engels, Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production: Translated from the Third German Edition, volume I, London: Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co., […], →OCLC, part IV (Production of Relative Surplus-value), section 1 (Twofold Origin of Manufacture), page 327:A carriage, for example, was formerly the product of the labour of a great number of independent artificers, such as wheelwrights, harness-makers, tailors, locksmiths, upholsterers, turners, fringe-makers, glaziers, painters, polishers, gilders, &c. [...] [I]f a number of carriages are being made simultaneously, some may be in the hands of the gilders while others are going through an earlier process.
** 1974, “An Old Potter”, in John Burnett, editor, Useful Toil: Autobiographies of Working People from the 1820s to the 1920s, London: Allen Lane, →ISBN; republished London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 1994, →ISBN, part III (Skilled Workers), page 303:Charles Shaw was born in Tunstall, in the Potteries, in 1832, the son of a skilled painter and gilder in the pottery trade who lost this well-paid job through victimization after a strike.
** 1996, Carolyn Burke, “Anglo-Florence (1907–10)”, in Becoming Modern: The Life of Mina Loy, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, part II (Becoming Mina Loy), page 117:On the Costa, a street full of gilders, carpenters, carvers, and stucco experts, their status as Inglesi—bourgeois as well as fine artists—set them apart.
** 2014, Francesca Hughes, “Error and Surface: Counted Away: Indexicality and the Sublimation of Ornament: (Hermine) Wittgenstein’s Radiator”, in The Architecture of Error: Matter, Measure, and the Misadventures of Precision, Cambridge, Mass., London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 235:Indeed, economic resource, previously assigned to physical ornamentation, the gold of the gilder, is here plowed into the control right down to the last half-millimeter.

##### Alternative forms

* guilder (obsolete)

##### Derived terms

* book-edge gilder

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English gilder (“any of various coins (originally gold), especially in use in Flanders, Germany and Holland”) [and other forms], from Middle Dutch gulden, Middle Low German gulden (“guilder”), influenced by Middle English gilden (“made of gold; covered or decorated with gold; of a gold colour; wealthy; glorious; precious; blessed, happy; relating to the middle way or mean”).

#### Noun

gilder (plural gilders)
* (archaic, rare) Alternative spelling of guilder
** c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 85, column 1:The enmity and diſcord which of late / Sprung from the rancorous outrage of your Duke, / To Merchants our well-dealing Countrimen, / Who wanting gilders to redeeme their liues, / Haue ſeal'd his rigorous ſtatutes with their blouds, / Excludes all pitty from our threatning lookes: [...]
** 1621, Orders and Articles Granted by the High and Mightie Lords the States General of the Vnited Provinces, Concerning the Erecting of a VVest Indian Companie: Together with the Priuiledges and Rights Giuen vnto the Same, [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, clause 13:[N]one ſhall be choſen to be a Commiſſioner in the Court at Amſterdam, vnleſſe he put ſix thouſand gilders ſtocke of his owne in the ſaid Companie; [...]
** 1743, [Henry Lawson], “The Manner in which Strangers Live at the Hague”, in A Description of Holland: Or, The Present State of the United Provinces. […], London: Printed for J. and P. Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 208:On the Spuy is a good Dutch Inn, called the Hoff van Utrecht. The Price is a Gilder a Day, or a Shilling for the Dinner only.
** 1820, Simon van Leeuwen, “Of Gifts and Presents”, in Commentaries on the Roman-Dutch Law. Translated from the Dutch, London: Printed by A[ndrew] Strahan, […]; for Joseph Butterworth and Son, […], and J. Cooke, […], →OCLC, §3, page 447:In order to restrain excessive and inconsiderate liberality, it was introduced by the written laws, that no present exceeding the amount of five hundred gold gilders of Rome may exist, unless it be made and confirmed publicly and lawfully in writing before the court of justice of the place; [...]
** 1958, Alec Waugh, “Antigua”, in The Sugar Islands. A Collection of Pieces Written about the West Indies between 1928 and 1953, London: Cassell, →OCLC, page 263; republished London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, →ISBN:On both sides they will confuse you by explaining that the Dutch gilder is the currency they prefer—a type of coin you are certain to be without.
** 2002, Richard Portes, Georges de Menil, Hans-Werner Sinn, editors, Economic Policy: 35, London: Blackwell, →ISBN, page 556:[...] i.e. the 11 'legacy' currencies replaced by the euro on 1 January 1999 (Portuguese escudo, Belgian and Luxembourg franc, French franc, Dutch gilder, Italian lira, [...]).

### References

* ↑ “gī̆lder, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “gī̆lden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “-ē̆r(e, suf.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “gilder, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2018.
* ↑ “gilder, n.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “gī̆lden, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Further reading

* gilder (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “gilder, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Anagrams

* Dilger, girdle, girled, glider, gridle, regild, ridgel

## Danish
### Noun

gilder c
* indefinite plural of gilde