# 態

| 態 | U+614B, &#24907; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614B |
| ← 慊 [U+614A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慌 → [U+614C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

態 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心心 (IPP), four-corner 2133$_1$, composition ⿱能心)

#### Descendants

* 态

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11052
* Dae Jaweon: page 737, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2335, character 7
* Unihan data for U+614B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 態
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 態 | *n̥ʰɯːs |
| 能 | *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ |
| 螚 | *nɯːs |
| 褦 | *nɯːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *n̥ʰɯːs): phonetic 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – one’s heart-felt attitude.

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-nyaŋ (“can; be able to”); see 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “able, capable”) for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tài (tai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai
* Eastern Min (BUC): tái
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thài / thāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tai$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$the
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tài
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tài
*** Wade–Giles: tʻai$^4$
*** Yale: tài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tay
*** Palladius: тай (taj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taai$^3$
*** Yale: taai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tái
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑi²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰai⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thài
*** Tâi-lô: thài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰai¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tʰai²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thāi
*** Tâi-lô: thāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tai
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰai³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thài
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰai²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$the
*** MiniDict: the$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$the
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰe³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: thojH
Rime :
| Character | 態 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 他代切 |
| Baxter | thojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | toi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤə-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰɯːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 態 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ thoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ˁə-s/ |
| English | bearing, manner |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 態 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9410 |
| Phonetic component | 能 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貸 |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ʰɯːs/ |

### Definitions

態
* condition; state
* form; shape
* manner; bearing; attitude
* situation; posture
* (grammar) voice; diathesis

### Compounds

* 一反常態 / 一反常态 (yīfǎnchángtài)
* 三態 / 三态
* 不勝之態 / 不胜之态
* 世態 / 世态 (shìtài)
* 世態人情 / 世态人情
* 世態炎涼 / 世态炎凉 (shìtàiyánliáng)
* 事態 / 事态 (shìtài)
* 交態 / 交态
* 低姿態 / 低姿态 (dīzītài)
* 作態 / 作态 (zuòtài)
* 像態 / 像态
* 儀態 / 仪态 (yítài)
* 儀態萬千 / 仪态万千
* 儀態萬方 / 仪态万方
* 兒女態 / 儿女态
* 凝態 / 凝态
* 動態 / 动态 (dòngtài)
* 動態助詞 / 动态助词 (dòngtài zhùcí)
* 動態平衡 / 动态平衡 (dòngtài pínghéng)
* 千嬌百態 / 千娇百态
* 千態萬狀 / 千态万状
* 千狀萬態 / 千状万态
* 取態 / 取态 (qǔtài)
* 固態 / 固态 (gùtài)
* 型態 / 型态 (xíngtài)
* 失態 / 失态 (shītài)
* 女兒意態 / 女儿意态
* 女兒態 / 女儿态
* 姿態 / 姿态 (zītài)
* 媚態 / 媚态 (mèitài)
* 嬌態 / 娇态 (jiāotài)
* 完全變態 / 完全变态
* 容態 / 容态 (róngtài)
* 富態 / 富态
* 小兒之態 / 小儿之态
* 尤態 / 尤态
* 層態 / 层态
* 巔峰狀態 / 巅峰状态
* 常態 / 常态 (chángtài)
* 常態分班 / 常态分班
* 常態法 / 常态法
* 形態 / 形态 (xíngtài)
* 形態學 / 形态学 (xíngtàixué)
* 心態 / 心态 (xīntài)
* 心理變態 / 心理变态
* 忸怩作態 / 忸怩作态
* 性變態 / 性变态
* 情態 / 情态 (qíngtài)
* 惺惺作態 / 惺惺作态 (xīngxīngzuòtài)
* 意態 / 意态 (yìtài)
* 意識型態 / 意识型态
* 意識形態 / 意识形态 (yìshí xíngtài)
* 態勢 / 态势 (tàishì)
* 態度 / 态度 (tàidù)
* 態度冷靜 / 态度冷静
* 態度嚴肅 / 态度严肃
* 憨態 / 憨态
* 故態 / 故态
* 故態復萌 / 故态复萌 (gùtàifùméng)
* 柔情綽態 / 柔情绰态
* 殊豔尤態 / 殊艳尤态
* 氣態 / 气态 (qìtài)
* 氣態溶液 / 气态溶液
* 淫情浪態 / 淫情浪态
* 液態 / 液态 (yètài)
* 液態氧 / 液态氧
* 液態溶液 / 液态溶液
* 炎涼世態 / 炎凉世态
* 物態 / 物态 (wùtài)
* 物質三態 / 物质三态
* 狂奴故態 / 狂奴故态
* 狂態 / 狂态
* 狀態 / 状态 (zhuàngtài)
* 狀態詞 / 状态词 (zhuàngtàicí)
* 玻璃狀態 / 玻璃状态
* 生態 / 生态 (shēngtài)
* 生態地位 / 生态地位
* 生態工程 / 生态工程 (shēngtài gōngchéng)
* 生態平衡 / 生态平衡 (shēngtài pínghéng)
* 生態環境 / 生态环境 (shēngtài huánjìng)
* 生態系 / 生态系 (shēngtàixì)
* 生態結構 / 生态结构 (shēngtài jiégòu)
* 生態農業 / 生态农业 (shēngtài nóngyè)
* 生活型態 / 生活型态 (shēnghuó xíngtài)
* 生活態度 / 生活态度
* 異態 / 异态
* 病態 / 病态 (bìngtài)
* 盡態極妍 / 尽态极妍
* 社會病態 / 社会病态
* 神態 / 神态 (shéntài)
* 神態自如 / 神态自如
* 神態自若 / 神态自若
* 窘態 / 窘态 (jiǒngtài)
* 窘態畢露 / 窘态毕露
* 窘態百出 / 窘态百出
* 緊急狀態 / 紧急状态 (jǐnjí zhuàngtài)
* 老態 / 老态
* 老態龍鍾 / 老态龙钟 (lǎotàilóngzhōng)
* 膠著狀態 / 胶著状态
* 自然生態 / 自然生态
* 舊態復萌 / 旧态复萌
* 舞態生風 / 舞态生风
* 表態 / 表态 (biǎotài)
* 表態句 / 表态句
* 裝腔作態 / 装腔作态
* 觀念形態 / 观念形态 (guānniàn xíngtài)
* 變態 / 变态 (biàntài)
* 變態心理 / 变态心理
* 超固態 / 超固态 (chāogùtài)
* 逸態橫生 / 逸态横生
* 醉態 / 醉态 (zuìtài)
* 醜態 / 丑态 (chǒutài)
* 醜態畢露 / 丑态毕露
* 醜態百出 / 丑态百出
* 靜態 / 静态 (jìngtài)
* 靜態說 / 静态说
* 風態 / 风态
* 風雲變態 / 风云变态
* 飽和狀態 / 饱和状态
* 體態 / 体态 (tǐtài)
* 體態輕盈 / 体态轻盈
* 高情逸態 / 高情逸态

### References

* “態”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* condition; state; form; appearance (さま)
* attitude
* intentionally (わざと)

#### Readings

* Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
* Kun: さま (sama, 態)、わざと (waza to, 態と)、なり (nari, 態)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 態
* たい Grade: 5
* on'yomi

#### Noun

態(たい) • (tai)
* (grammar) voice - a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.

#### Suffix

態(たい) • (-tai)
* (grammar) voice, diathesis

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 態
* なり Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 態 – see the following entry. :
| 【形なり】2 | [noun] [from 720] the shape or form of something [noun] [from late 900s] one's clothing and appearance [noun] [from mid 1600s] one's body shape or form [noun] [from 1477] one's circumstances or situation [noun] [from 1773] one's reputation [noun] [from 1763] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) or plain perfective form of a verb) indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as [noun] [from 1915] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of an adjective) indicates responding to the affixed adjective: compare English fitting [noun] [from 1928] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of a verb) indicates the moment of the action occurring: compare English as soon as [noun] (after a verb in the past tense 〜た) ... while ... [suffix] following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as [suffix] [from 1951] following a noun, indicates a state fitting or becoming to the affixed noun [suffix] [from late 1300s] following a noun, indicates that shape or form: compare English like |
(This term, 態, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 態
* さま > ざま Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 態 – see the following entry. :
| 【ざま】 | [noun] (informal) pathetic appearance Alternative spelling 様 |
(This term, 態, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “態”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰɛ] ~ [tʰe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [태/테]

### Hanja

Wikisource 態 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
* manner, bearing, attitude

## Vietnamese
### Han character

態: Hán Nôm readings: thái, thói
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.