OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# drop someone a line
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

drop someone a line (third-person singular simple present drops someone a line, present participle dropping someone a line, simple past and past participle dropped someone a line)
* (idiomatic) To write and send (someone) a note or telegram.
    If you get a chance, drop me a line when you arrive in Cairo.

#### Synonyms

* buzz
* call
* ring up
# arpinas
## Latin
### Etymology

From Arpīnum +‎ -ās (gentilic suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ar.piːˈnaːs/, [ärpiːˈnäːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ar.piˈnas/, [ärpiˈnäs]
The stress lies on the final syllable—an exception to the usual Latin stress rule—as a result of the contraction from -ātis.

### Adjective

arpīnās (genitive arpīnātis); third-declension one-termination adjective
* Of or pertaining to the city of Arpinum (modern day Arpino).

#### Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

#### Descendants

* Italian: arpinate

### References

* Arpīnās in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# Neotragus
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new, young”) + τράγος (trágos, “he-goat”).

### Proper noun

Neotragus m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Bovidae – certain dwarf antelopes of Africa.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Mammalia – class; Theria – subclass; Eutheria/Placentalia – infraclass; Artiodactyla – order; Bovidae – family; Antilopinae - subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Neotragus pygmaeus (royal antelope) - type species; Neotragus batesi, Neotragus moschatus - other species

### References

* Neotragus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Neotragus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Neotragus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# камион
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French camion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɐmiˈɔn]
* Hyphenation: ка‧ми‧он
* Rhymes: -ɔn

### Noun

камио́н • (kamión) m (relational adjective камио́нен)
* truck

#### Declension
### References

* “камион”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “камион”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kamiˈɔn]
* IPA: [ˈkami(j)ɔn] (nonstandard)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

камио́н • (kamión) m (plural камио́ни, relational adjective камио́нски, diminutive камио́нче)
* truck

#### Declension
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian камион / kamion, from French camion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaˈmiɔn]
* Rhymes: -iɔn
* Hyphenation: ка‧ми‧он

### Noun

камион (kamion) m inan (diminutive камиончок)
* truck, lorry

#### Related terms

* камионет m inan (kamionet)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “камион”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “lorry”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 169

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From French camion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kamǐoːn/
* Hyphenation: ка‧ми‧он

### Noun

камѝо̄н m (Latin spelling kamìōn)
* truck (vehicle designed for carrying cargo)
# secks
## English
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɛks

### Noun

secks (countable and uncountable, plural seckses)
* (informal, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of sex.
** 1866, William Comstock, Betsey Jane Ward, (Better-half to Artemus) hur Book of Goaks with a Hull Akkownt of the Coartship and Maridge to A4said Artemus, and Mister Ward's Cutting-up with the Mormon Fare Secks‎, page 17:Then I busted in 2 tears & wrung my hands, which it is the only way that a young person of the fare secks are expected to do on sech occasions.
** 2011, Ms. Gonick, “My buddies the oysters”, in Autumn Stephens, editor, Roar Softly and Carry a Great Lipstick, page 67:“Sex,” Sam said into my left ear. “Secks,” he repeated to make sure I got it. I heard him but I still didn't get it. ¶ “Buddies,” declared Miriam, “you can also have sex with.”
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:secks.

### See also

* secksy

## Mòcheno

cardinal numbers :
| 6 | Previous: | vinf |
| 6 | Next: | sim |

### Etymology

From Middle High German sehs, from Old High German sehs, from Proto-Germanic *sehs. Cognate with German sechs, English six.

### Numeral

secks
* six

### References

* “secks” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
# kill switch
## English
### Alternative forms

* killswitch

### Noun

kill switch (plural kill switches)
* A security measure used to switch off a device in an emergency.
** 2022 July 11, Paris Marx, “The Uber Leak Exposes the Global War on Workers”, in Tribune‎:The company developed a ‘kill switch’ that would remotely encrypt its computers and devices if an office was raided by authorities.

#### See also

* big red button
* dead man's switch

### Verb

kill switch (third-person singular simple present kill switches, present participle kill switching, simple past and past participle kill switched)
* To switch off using a kill switch.
** 2023 July 24, Cory Doctorow, “Autoenshittification”, in Pluralistic‎:Digitization supercharges financialization. It lets car-makers offer subprime auto-loans to desperate, poor people and then killswitch their cars if they miss a payment.
# зазначений
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

зазначити (zaznačyty) +‎ -ений (-enyj)

### Pronunciation

* зазна́чений: IPA: [zɐzˈnat͡ʃenei̯]
* зазначе́ний: IPA: [zɐznɐˈt͡ʃɛnei̯]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Participle

зазна́чений or зазначе́ний • (zaznáčenyj or zaznačényj)
* passive adjectival past participle of зазна́чи́ти pf (zaznáčýty)

#### Derived terms

* вищезазна́чений (vyščezaznáčenyj)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “зазначений”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “зазначений”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “зазначений”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “зазначений”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ალყა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [alχʼa]
* Hyphenation: ალ‧ყა

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حَلْقَة (ḥalqa).

#### Noun

ალყა • (alq̇a) (plural ალყები)
* siege
* circle, arc

##### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ალყა • (alq̇a) (plural ალყები)
* (archaic, music) string (of an instrument)

##### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# 和正
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 和 | 正 |
| かず Grade: 3 | まさ Grade: 1 |
| nanori | kun'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かずまさ [kàzúꜜmàsà] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ka̠zɨma̠sa̠]

### Proper noun

和(かず)正(まさ) • (Kazumasa)
* a male given name
# previa
## English
### Alternative forms

* praevia

### Noun

previa
* (medicine, informal) Short for placenta previa.

#### Related terms

* vasa previa

### Anagrams

* pavier

## Galician
### Verb

previa
* (reintegrationist norm) first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of prever

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprɛ.vja/
* Rhymes: -ɛvja
* Hyphenation: prè‧via

### Adjective

previa f sg
* feminine singular of previo

### Anagrams

* parevi, periva, pervia, veprai, vipera

## Portuguese
### Verb

previa
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of prever

## Spanish
### Noun

previa f (uncountable)
* (at least in Argentina) foreplay

### Adjective

previa f sg
* feminine singular of previo

### Further reading

* “previa”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
# nilai batas lulus
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of nilai +‎ batas +‎ lulus.

### Noun

nilai batas lulus (plural nilai-nilai batas lulus)
* (education) pass mark: the minimum mark which a candidate must achieve in order to be deemed to have successfully passed the assessment.

#### Alternative forms

* NBL

### Further reading

* “nilai batas lulus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# しんば
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of しんば – see the following entry. :
| 【神馬しんめ】 | [noun] horse, or sometimes ema, used to offer sacrifices in Japanese Shinto |
(This term, しんば (shinba), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# niewydymką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲɛ.vɘˈdɘm.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɘmkɔw̃
* Syllabification: nie‧wy‧dym‧ką

### Noun

niewydymką
* instrumental singular of niewydymka
# nephew
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English nevew, neveu (“nephew, grandson”), from Old French neveu, from Latin nepos, nepōtem, from Proto-Italic *nepōts (“nephew, grandson”), whence also French neveu, Italian nipote. Displaced or absorbed the inherited English neve (“nephew, grandson, male cousin”), from Middle English neve, from Old English nefa, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô (“nephew, grandson”), whence Dutch neef, German Neffe. All ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *népōts (“grandchild, sister's son”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian nećak, Irish nia, Persian نوه (nave).
Spelt with -ph- by readaptation to Latin nepos since the 15th century, which later triggered the spelling pronunciation with /f/.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: nĕfʹyo͞o, IPA: /ˈnɛf.ju/
* (Received Pronunciation, dated) IPA: /ˈnɛv.ju/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

nephew (plural nephews)
* A son of one's sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either a son of one's brother (fraternal nephew) or a son of one's sister (sororal nephew).
    Synonym: (obsolete) neve
    Hypernyms: nephling, nibling
    Hyponyms: fraternal nephew, sororal nephew
    Coordinate terms: niece, nift
* A son of one's cousin or cousin-in-law
* (archaic) A son of one's child.
    Synonym: grandson
** 1567, Ovid, “The First Booke”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The XV. Bookes of P. Ouidius Naso, Entytuled Metamorphosis, […], London: […] Willyam Seres […], →OCLC:Hir father many a time and oft would say my daughter deere, Of Nephewes thou my debtour art, their Graundsires heart to chéere.

#### Hypernyms

* nephling
* nibling

#### Derived terms

* cardinal nephew
* cardinal-nephew
* grandnephew
* great-great-nephew
* great-nephew
* half nephew
* half-nephew
* nephew fucker
* nephew-in-law
* step-nephew
* uterine nephew
* Welsh nephew

#### Related terms

* nepotism
* neve
* niece
* nift

#### Translations
### Further reading

* nephew on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Middle English
### Noun

nephew
* Alternative form of nevew
# tuhkata
## Finnish
### Etymology

tuhka +‎ -ta

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuhkɑtɑˣ/, [ˈt̪uxkɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -uhkɑtɑ
* Hyphenation: tuh‧ka‧ta

### Verb

tuhkata
* (transitive) To cremate.

#### Synonyms

* krematoida

#### Derived terms

* tuhkaamo
* tuhkaus
* tuhkauttaa

### Further reading

* “tuhkata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* hakattu, tauhkat
# ამანათაშვილი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [amanatʰaʃʷili]
* Hyphenation: ამა‧ნა‧თაშ‧ვი‧ლი

### Proper noun

ამანათაშვილი • (amanatašvili)
* a surname

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# शतपाद
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शतपाद् (śatapād).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃət̪.pɑːd̪/, [ʃɐt̪.päːd̪]

### Noun

शतपाद • (śatpād) m (Urdu spelling شتپاد)
* a centipede
    Synonym: चालीसपद (cālīspad)
# bochecha-de-velho
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Literally, “old man's cheek”.

### Noun

bochecha-de-velho f (plural bochechas-de-velho)
* (Brazil) plant of the species Salacia impressifolia
    Synonyms: tartaruginha, tuiué-tipi
* (Brazil) the fruit of this tree

### Further reading

* “bochecha-de-velho”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “bochecha-de-velho”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
# blueball
## English
### Verb

blueball (third-person singular simple present blueballs, present participle blueballing, simple past and past participle blueballed)
* Alternative spelling of blue-ball
** 2013 April 22, John Andrew Fredrick, The King of Good Intentions, Verse Chorus Press, →ISBN, page 46:Moreover, you may recall, I had been blueballed to the supermax. By a lesbian, no less.
# разочарование
## Russian
### Etymology

разочарова́ть (razočarovátʹ) +‎ -а́ние (-ánije)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rəzət͡ɕɪrɐˈvanʲɪje]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

разочарова́ние • (razočarovánije) n inan (genitive разочарова́ния, nominative plural разочарова́ния, genitive plural разочарова́ний)
* disappointment (emotion)
** 1868, Михаил Салтыков-Щедрин [Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin], Напрасные опасения; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):В э́той игре́ сомне́ниями для сомне́ний, в э́том го́рдо выставля́емом напока́з разочарова́нии слы́шалась кака́я-то на́глая коме́дия, в кото́рой не́ было ни одного́ своего́ чу́вства, ни одного́ своего́ сло́ва.V étoj igré somnénijami dlja somnénij, v étom górdo vystavljájemom napokáz razočarovánii slýšalasʹ kakája-to náglaja komédija, v kotóroj né bylo ni odnovó svojevó čúvstva, ni odnovó svojevó slóva.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* разочарованность (razočarovannostʹ), очарова́ние (očarovánije)
* разочаро́ванный (razočaróvannyj)
* разочарова́ть (razočarovátʹ), разочаро́вывать (razočaróvyvatʹ), разочарова́ться (razočarovátʹsja), разочаро́вываться (razočaróvyvatʹsja), очарова́ть (očarovátʹ), очаро́вывать (očaróvyvatʹ)
* разочаро́ванно (razočaróvanno)
# esimo
## Italian
### Verb

esimo
* first-person singular present indicative of esimere

### Anagrams

* Moïsè, omise
# ᜃᜒᜇ᜔ᜎᜆ᜔
## Tagalog
### Noun

ᜃᜒᜇ᜔ᜎᜆ᜔ • (kirlat)
* Baybayin spelling of kidlat
# ამბრიაშვილი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ambɾiaʃʷili]
* Hyphenation: ამ‧ბრი‧აშ‧ვი‧ლი

### Proper noun

ამბრიაშვილი • (ambriašvili)
* a surname

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# 數正
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 數 | 正 |
| かず Hyōgai | まさ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 數正 – see the following entry. :
| 【数正かずまさ】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
(This term, 數正, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
# dày
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* (Northern Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) dầy (vowel raised)
* (North Central Vietnam) đày (no lenition)

### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *k-daj. Cognate with Muong Bi tày.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經; c. 12th cent.) as ⿰苔巨, composed of 巨 (MC gjoX) + 苔 (MC doj) (modern SV: cự đài).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaj˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [jaj˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ja(ː)j˨˩]
* Homophone: giày
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Adjective

dày • (苔, 𠫅, 𠫆, 𪠗)
* thick, deep, dense

#### Derived terms

* dạ dày
* dày cộm
* dày công
* dày cui
* dày dặn
* dày đặc
* mặt dày
# tsísʼná yiyání
## Navajo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

tsísʼná yiyání
* bee-eater
# Anapauomenae
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /a.na.pau̯ˈo.me.nae̯/, [änäpäu̯ˈɔmɛnäe̯]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.na.pau̯ˈo.me.ne/, [änäpäu̯ˈɔːmene]

### Proper noun

Anapa͡uomenae
* dative singular of Anapa͡uomenē
# keverchief
## Middle English
### Noun

keverchief
* Alternative form of keverchef
# cracking
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɹækɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ækɪŋ

### Noun

cracking (plural crackings)
* (organic chemistry, petrochemistry) The thermal decomposition of a substance, especially that of crude petroleum in order to produce petrol / gasoline.
* The formation of cracks on a surface.
* The production of a crack sound.
    the crackings of whips

#### Derived terms

* anticracking
* hydrocracking
* Isocracking
* macrocracking
* mud cracking
* noncracking
* safecracking
* steam cracking
* thermocracking

#### Related terms

* wisecracking
* wit-cracking

#### Translations
### Adjective

cracking
* That cracks; that produces a sharp sound as of something splitting or breaking.
** 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:From the spot where the body lay came a fierce fizzing and cracking sound, which ceased, however, before the fumes had cleared away.
* (colloquial) Great; excellent.
    Near-synonym: crackerjack
    The race started at a cracking pace.
    That's a cracking example of what we've been looking for.
* (colloquial) Enjoyable.
    We had a cracking time.
** 2020 December 30, Richard Clinnick, “Greater Anglia strikes again...”, in Rail, page 43:Near the back of the concourse is a piano, [...]. Explains Reeve: "It was donated by a lady who had written to me. My Duty Manager at the time had a qualification and so was able to restore it to full working order. I've heard some cracking tunes on it."

#### Translations
### Adverb

cracking (not comparable)
* (British) Very, usually associated with praise.
    It was a cracking good show.

### Verb

cracking
* present participle and gerund of crack

#### Derived terms

* get cracking
# ამბროსაშვილი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ambɾosaʃʷili]
* Hyphenation: ამ‧ბრო‧საშ‧ვი‧ლი

### Proper noun

ამბროსაშვილი • (ambrosašvili)
* a surname

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# 一正
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 正 |
| かず Grade: 1 | まさ Grade: 1 |
| nanori | kun'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かずまさ [kàzúꜜmàsà] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ka̠zɨma̠sa̠]

### Proper noun

一(かず)正(まさ) • (Kazumasa)
* a male given name
# cadere in piedi
## Italian
### Etymology

Literally, “to fall on foot”. Compare French retomber sur ses pieds.

### Verb

cadére in piedi (first-person singular present càdo in piedi, first-person singular past historic càddi in piedi, past participle cadùto in piedi, first-person singular future cadrò in piedi, auxiliary èssere)
* (idiomatic) to get out of a dangerous or difficult situation with minimal harm; to fall on one's feet
# Ovibos
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin ovis (“sheep”) + bōs (“cow, bull, ox”).

### Proper noun

Ovibos m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Bovidae – the musk ox.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Mammalia – class; Theria – subclass; Eutheria/Placentalia – infraclass; Artiodactyla – order; Bovidae – family; Caprinae - subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Ovibos moschatus – sole species

#### Derived terms

* Praeovibos

### Further reading

* Ovibos on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ovibos on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
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# مصقول
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of صَقَلَ (ṣaqala, “to polish”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /masˤ.quːl/
* Rhymes: -uːl

### Adjective

مَصْقُول • (maṣqūl) (feminine مَصْقُولَة (maṣqūla), masculine plural مَصْقُولُونَ (maṣqūlūna), feminine plural مَصْقُولَات (maṣqūlāt))
* burnished, polished

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: مصقول (maskûl)
# gogol
## English
### Numeral

gogol
* Misspelling of googol.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɔ.ɡɔl/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English googol.

#### Noun

gogol m (plural gogols)
* googol

### Etymology 2

From mongol.

#### Noun

gogol m (plural gogols, feminine gogole)
* (derogatory) idiot
    Quelle gogole celle-là.That git right there.
# اعتراض
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of اِعْتَرَضَ (iʕtaraḍa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʕ.ti.raːdˤ/
* Rhymes: -aːdˤ

### Noun

اِعْتِرَاض • (iʕtirāḍ) m (plural اِعْتِرَاضَات (iʕtirāḍāt))
* verbal noun of اِعْتَرَضَ (iʕtaraḍa) (form VIII)
** demure, rebuke, disagreement, reproval, censure
** misdeed, offense
** interception

#### Derived terms

* اِعْتِرَاضِيّ (iʕtirāḍiyy, “expostulatory”)

#### Descendants

* → Persian: اِعْتِرَاض
** → Azerbaijani: etiraz
** → Bengali: এতেরাজ (eteraz)
** → Pashto: اعتراض
** → Urdu: اِعْتِرَاض (i'tirāz)
* → Ottoman Turkish: اعتراض (itiraz)
** Turkish: itiraz
* → Uyghur: ئېتىراز (ëtiraz)
* → Uzbek: eʼtiroz

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِرَاض (iʕtirāḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔiʔ.ti.ɾɑːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔeː.t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑːz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔeː.t̪ʰi.ɾɔːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔeʔ.t̪ʰe.ɹɒːz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔeʔ.t̪ʰi.ɾɔz]

### Noun

اعتراض • (e'terâz) (plural اعتراضات (e'terâzât) or اعتراض‌ها (e'terâz-hâ))
* protest

#### Derived terms

* اعتراض کردن (e'terâz kardan)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِعْتِرَاض (i'tirāz), borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِرَاض (iʕtirāḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /e.t̪ɪ.räːz/
** (Pakistan, colloquial) IPA: [ɛːt̪ə̆.räːzᵊ]
* (India) IPA: /ɪt̪.räːz/, [ɪt̪ᵊ.räːd͡ʒᵊ]

### Noun

اِعْتِرَاض • (īʻtirāẓ) m (plural اِعْتِراضَات, Gurmukhi spelling ਇਤਰਾਜ਼)
* objection

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “اعتِراض”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “اعتراض”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
* “ਇਤਰਾਜ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِعْتِرَاض (i'tirāz), borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِرَاض (iʕtirāḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪʔ.t̪ɪ.ɾɑːz/, [eː.t̪ɪ.ɾɑːz], [eːt̪.ɾɑːz]
* (colloquial) IPA: [ɛːt̪.ɾɑːz]
* Rhymes: -ɑːz
* Hyphenation: اِع‧تِ‧راض

### Noun

اِعْتِرَاض • (i'tirāz) m (formal plural اِعْتِراضَات (i'tirāzāt), Hindi spelling ऐतराज़)
* objection (ie. criticism; dispute etc.)

#### Derived terms

* اِعْتِرَاض کَرْنا (i'tirāz karnā, “to object”)

### References

* ↑ Platts, John T. (1884) “اعتراض”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* ↑ John Shakespear (1834) “اعتراض”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “اعتراض”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “اعتراض”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “اعتراض”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]
# ამერიკანისტიკა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ameɾikʼanistʼikʼa]
* Hyphenation: ამე‧რი‧კა‧ნის‧ტი‧კა

### Noun

ამერიკანისტიკა • (ameriḳanisṭiḳa) (uncountable)
* (humanities) Americanistics, American studies

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.