# 殼

| 殼 | U+6BBC, &#27580; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BBC |
| ← 殻 [U+6BBB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 殽 → [U+6BBD] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 殼 |
| Shinjitai | 殻 |
| Simplified | 壳 |

### Han character

殼 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土弓竹弓水 (GNHNE), four-corner 4724$_7$, composition ⿰壳殳 or ⿰⿱⿳士冖一几殳)

#### Derived characters

* 𢡱, 𪆪

#### Related characters

* 殻 (Variant form used in Japan, see also its derived characters)

#### Descendants

* 壳 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 586, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16646
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2160, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6BBC

## Chinese

* 殼 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 殼 (Cantonese)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 彀 | *koːɡs |
| 鷇 | *kʰoːɡs |
| 瞉 | *kʰoːɡs |
| 豰 | *pɢroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 瑴 | *kroːɡ, *koːɡ |
| 愨 | *kʰroːɡ |
| 殼 | *kʰroːɡ |
| 觳 | *kʰroːɡ, *ɡoːɡ |
| 嗀 | *qʰroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 穀 | *kloːɡ |
| 糓 | *kloːɡ |
| 轂 | *kloːɡ |
| 榖 | *kloːɡ |
| 瀔 | *koːɡ |
| 縠 | *ɡloːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰroːɡ): semantic 几 + phonetic 𣪊. Originally written as 㱿 (què), see there for more.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kok (“outer covering, skin, bark, rind”). Cognate with 革 (OC *krɯːɡ, “leather”), Burmese ခေါက် (hkauk, “tree bark”), Tibetan སྐོག་པ་ (skog pa, “shell, peel”) (STEDT, Hill (2019)).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ké, qiào, què (ke$^2$, qiao$^4$, que$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˊ, ㄑㄧㄠˋ, ㄑㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hok$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hok$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hok
    (Hailu, HRS): hog
* Eastern Min (BUC): káe̤k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khak / khok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$khoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ko$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ké
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ké
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^2$
*** Yale: ké
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (殼兒 / 壳儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kér
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kér
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: kér
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker'l
*** Palladius: кэр (kɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤɻ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiao$^4$
*** Yale: chyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
*** Palladius: цяо (cjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: què
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüeh$^4$
*** Yale: chywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
*** Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
* ké - colloquial;
* qiào - literary;
* ​què - literary (rare in Mainland).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit殼 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰɤ³⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰɤ²⁴/ /t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰɤ⁴⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰə⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰɤ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰə⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰɤ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰo⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰo²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰo²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hok̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔk̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɔk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɔk̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰak̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɔyʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰu²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: khaewk
Rime :
| Character | 殼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦角切 |
| Baxter | khaewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | que |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤrok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | què |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khæwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]ˁrok/ |
| English | hollow shell, hollow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7419 |
| Phonetic component | 殻 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㱿 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰroːɡ/ |
| Notes | 右下原作一，此後起通用字， 見論衡 |

### Definitions

殼
* shell; husk; hull; skin; casing
    貝殼／贝壳 ― bèiké ― shell; conch
    蛋殼／蛋壳 ― dànké ― eggshell
    地殼／地壳 ― dìqiào (Mainland), dìké (Taiwan) ― the Earth's crust
* (Cantonese) ladle
    飯殼／饭壳 [Cantonese] ― faan$^6$ hok$^3$ [Jyutping] ― rice scoop
    一殼眼淚／一壳眼泪 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ hok$^3$ ngaan$^5$ leoi$^6$ [Jyutping] ― grief (literally, “a ladle of tears from the eyes”)

### Compounds

* (shell):
* 介殼 / 介壳 (jièqiào)
* 介殼蟲 / 介壳虫
* 地殼 / 地壳 (dìqiào)
* 地殼變動 / 地壳变动
* 外殼 / 外壳 (wàiké)
* 小鬼仔殼 / 小鬼仔壳 (siáu-kúi-á-khak) (Min Nan)
* 彈殼 / 弹壳 (dànké)
* 怯殼兒 / 怯壳儿
* 板殼蟲 / 板壳虫
* 枳殼 / 枳壳 (zhǐqiào)
* 殼子 / 壳子
* 殼果 / 壳果
* 沙殼子 / 沙壳子
* 無殼蝸牛 / 无壳蜗牛 (wúké-wōniú)
* 瓜子殼 / 瓜子壳
* 甲殼 / 甲壳 (jiǎqiào)
* 硬殼 / 硬壳 (yìngké)
* 老梆殼 / 老梆壳 (lǎobāngké)
* 耳殼 / 耳壳
* 脫殼 / 脱壳
* 脫殼金蟬 / 脱壳金蝉
* 腦殼 / 脑壳 (nǎoké)
* 船殼 / 船壳
* 菜殼子 / 菜壳子
* 薄殼 / 薄壳 (bóké)
* 蚌殼 / 蚌壳 (bàngké)
* 蛋殼 / 蛋壳 (dànké)
* 蜆殼 / 蚬壳
* 蟹殼臉 / 蟹壳脸
* 貝殼 / 贝壳 (bèiké)
* 貝殼杉 / 贝壳杉
* 軀殼 / 躯壳 (qūqiào)
* 軟殼雞蛋 / 软壳鸡蛋
* 金蟬脫殼 / 金蝉脱壳
* 錶殼兒 / 表壳儿
* 鐵殼船 / 铁壳船
* 頭殼 / 头壳 (tóuké)
* 頭髮殼子 / 头发壳子
* 駁殼槍 / 驳壳枪 (bókéqiāng)
* 鬼摸腦殼 / 鬼摸脑壳
* 龜殼花 / 龟壳花 (guīkéhuā)
* (ladle):
* 湯殼 / 汤壳 (Cantonese)
* 炒殼 / 炒壳 (Cantonese)
* 飯殼 / 饭壳 (faan$^6$ hok$^3$) (Cantonese)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 殻 |
| Kyūjitai | 殼 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 殻)
* husk; shell

#### Readings

* Go-on: こく (koku)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku)
* Kun: から (kara, 殼)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 殼 (MC khaewk).

### Hanja

Wikisource 殼 (eumhun 껍질 각 (kkeopjil gak))
* hanja form of 각 (“shell; husk; hull; skin; casing”)

#### Compounds

* 각피 (殼皮, gakpi)
* 갑각 (甲殼, gapgak, “shell; carapace; crust”)
* 갑각류 (甲殼類, gapgangnyu, “crustacean”)
* 귀각 (龜殼, gwigak)
* 지각 (地殼, jigak)
* 패각 (貝殼, paegak)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

殼: Hán Nôm readings: xác, nôi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.