# 村

| 村 | U+6751, &#26449; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6751 |
| ← 材 [U+6750] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 杒 → [U+6752] |

## Translingual
### Han character

村 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木木戈 (DDI), four-corner 4490$_0$, composition ⿰木寸)

#### Derived characters

* 𠴘, 𦛻, 𦀹, 𬂨, 𬗽, 𨴺, 𢚳, 𭌴, 𭿴, 𮥳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14464
* Dae Jaweon: page 896, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1158, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6751

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 村 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 村 | *sʰuːn |
| 忖 | *sʰuːnʔ |
| 刌 | *sʰuːnʔ |
| 寸 | *sʰuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰuːn): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 寸 (OC *sʰuːns).
Origin unclear. Seems a late graph, not in Shuowen dictionary of ca.100AD. Ogawa treats it as variant of CO graph 杶 "lacquer tree" which was used phonetically in the sense of "village" in place of another graph for "village", 邨, which may be taken provisionally as 阝 "settlement, village", and 屯 "accumulate, stay" as semantic and phonetic.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cūn (cun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyun$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tun$^4$ / tun$^{4*}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhûn
    (Hailu, HRS): cun$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cun$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): coeng$^1$ / cyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhun / chhoan / chhng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ceng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cun
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻun$^1$
*** Yale: tswūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuen
*** Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cūnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cunr
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻun$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: tswūnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuel
*** Palladius: цуньр (cunʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯əɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^1$
*** Yale: chyūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tun$^4$ / tun$^{4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰun²¹/, /tʰun²¹⁻²¹⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰouŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: coeng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: che̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
*** Tâi-lô: tshun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoan
*** Tâi-lô: tshuan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoafn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhng
*** Tâi-lô: tshng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhngf
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
* chhun - literary;
* chhoan/chhng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tshwon
Rime :
| Character | 村 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 此尊切 |
| Baxter | tshwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰwən/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuən/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 村 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1910 |
| Phonetic component | 寸 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 村 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰuːn/ |

### Definitions

村
* village; hamlet (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    農村／农村 ― nóngcūn ― rural area, village, countryside
    鄉村／乡村 ― xiāngcūn ― rural area, village, countryside
* (especially Hong Kong) housing estate
    Alternative form: (more common) 邨
* (attributive) rustic; boorish; uncouth; vulgar
* (Beijing Mandarin) to scold (clarification of this definition is needed)
* rural village (an administrative unit in the Republic of China)

#### See also

* 城 (chéng)

### Compounds

* 丁村遺址 / 丁村遗址
* 三家村
* 中興新村 / 中兴新村
* 乾村沙 / 干村沙
* 千村萬落 / 千村万落
* 唐村 (Tángcūn)
* 圍村 / 围村 (wéicūn)
* 地球村 (dìqiúcūn)
* 大村 (dàcūn)
* 孟村 (Mèngcūn)
* 安村 (Āncūn)
* 專業村 / 专业村
* 尋村轉疃 / 寻村转疃
* 小村 (Xiǎocūn)
* 山村 (shāncūn)
* 度假村 (dùjiàcūn)
* 成村人 (seng$^4$ cyun$^1$ jan$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 撒村
* 文化村
* 村人 (cūnrén)
* 村俗
* 村務 / 村务 (cūnwù)
* 村務酒 / 村务酒
* 村塢 / 村坞 (cūnwù)
* 村塾 (cūnshú)
* 村墟
* 村夫 (cūnfū)
* 村夫俗子
* 村夫子
* 村天樂 / 村天乐
* 村夫野老
* 村姑 (cūngū)
* 村婦 / 村妇
* 村子 (cūnzi)
* 村學 / 村学 (cūnxué)
* 村學究 / 村学究
* 村容 (cūnróng)
* 村居野店
* 村廝 / 村厮
* 村強 / 村强
* 村書 / 村书
* 村村勢勢 / 村村势势
* 村校
* 村歌
* 村民 (cūnmín)
* 村氣 / 村气
* 村沙
* 村沙樣勢 / 村沙样势
* 村潑 / 村泼
* 村牛
* 村生泊長 / 村生泊长
* 村疃
* 村筋俗骨
* 村紂 / 村纣
* 村老子
* 村聲潑嗓 / 村声泼嗓
* 杏花村 (xìnghuācūn)
* 村莊 / 村庄 (cūnzhuāng)
* 村落 (cūnluò)
* 村虔
* 村話 / 村话
* 村貌 (cūnmào)
* 村路歧
* 村郎
* 村里
* 村野 (cūnyě)
* 村錢 / 村钱
* 村鎮 / 村镇 (cūnzhèn)
* 村長 / 村长 (cūnzhǎng)
* 村閒 / 村闲
* 村雨
* 樟村坪 (Zhāngcūnpíng)
* 模範村 / 模范村
* 漁村 / 渔村 (yúcūn)
* 當村 / 当村
* 發村 / 发村
* 眷村 (juàncūn)
* 翠亨村
* 自然村 (zìráncūn)
* 荒村 (huāngcūn)
* 賽村社 / 赛村社
* 趙村 / 赵村 (Zhàocūn)
* 農村 / 农村 (nóngcūn)
* 鄉村 / 乡村 (xiāngcūn)
* 鄉村社區 / 乡村社区
* 鄉村音樂 / 乡村音乐 (xiāngcūn yīnyuè)
* 鄧村 / 邓村 (Dèngcūn)
* 鄰村 / 邻村 (líncūn)
* 集村
* 雨村曲話 / 雨村曲话
* 高村 (Gāocūn)
* 麻風村 / 麻风村

### References

* ↑ Henshall, Kenneth G; Seeley, Christopher（2016）The Complete Guide to Japanese Kanji →ISBN

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kun: むら (mura, 村, Jōyō)
* Nanori: すえ (sue)、つね (tsune)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 村
* むら Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 𨛗 (rare)
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mura.
Either formed from the nominalization of 群れる (mureru, “to gather”), or from Old Korean. In Old Korean toponyms, this appears with the phonetic spelling 牟羅 (*mura). Compare Korean 무리 (muri, “group, crowd”), also possibly cognate with 群れる (mureru, “to gather”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むら [mùráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [mɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Noun

村(むら) • (mura)
* village (a rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town)
** 2015 September 19, “竜(りゅう)角(かく)の狩(しゅ)猟(りょう)者(しゃ) [Dragon Horn Hunter]”, in EXTRA PACK 2015, Konami:
    疫(えき)病(びょう)に苦(くる)しむ故(こ)郷(きょう)の村(むら)を救(すく)うため、霊(れい)薬(やく)の原(げん)料(りょう)となるドラゴンの角(つの)を乱(らん)獲(かく)する女(おんな)戦(せん)士(し)。その村(むら)はすでに、棲(す)み処(か)を追(お)われたドラゴンたちによって踏(ふ)み荒(あ)らされ、焼(や)き尽(つ)くされてしまった事(こと)を、彼(かの)女(じょ)はまだ知(し)らない・・・。
       Ekibyō ni kurushimu kokyō no mura o sukū tame, reiyaku no genryō to naru doragon no tsuno o rankakusuru onnasenshi. Sono mura wa sude ni, sumika o owareta doragon-tachi ni yotte fumiarasare, yakitsukusarete shimatta koto o, kanojo wa mada shiranai .
       A female warrior who was on the hunt for dragon horns, to make a medicine for her home village, which was suffering from a plague. Unbeknownst to her, those displaced dragons went on to lay waste and burn down her village….

##### Synonyms

* (village; historical, Korea): 村(スキ) (suki)

##### Derived terms

* 村雨(むらさめ) (murasame)
* 村八分(むらはちぶ) (murahachibu)
* 村々(むらむら) (muramura)

##### See also

* 里(さと) (sato)
* Appendix:Gikun Usage in Meiji Version of Japanese Bible/群

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 村
* そん Grade: 1
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 村 (MC tshwon).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そん [sóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sõ̞ɴ]

#### Affix

村(そん) • (son)
* village
* local administrative division

##### Derived terms

* 村(そん)翁(おう) (son'ō)
* 村(そん)会(かい) (sonkai)
* 村(そん)学(がく) (songaku)
* 村(そん)学(がっ)究(きゅう) (songakkyū)
* 村(そん)議(ぎ)会(かい) (songikai)
* 村(そん)社(しゃ) (sonsha)
* 村(そん)酒(しゅ) (sonshu)
* 村(そん)儒(じゅ) (sonju)
* 村(そん)醸(じょう) (sonjō)
* 村(そん)人(じん) (sonjin)
* 村(そん)税(ぜい) (sonzei)
* 村(そん)設(せつ) (sonsetsu)
* 村(そん)叟(そう) (sonsō)
* 村(そん)俗(ぞく) (sonzoku)
* 村(そん)長(ちょう) (sonchō)
* 村(そん)童(どう) (sondō)
* 村(そん)費(ぴ) (sonpi)
* 村(そん)婦(ぷ) (sonpu)
* 村(そん)夫(ぷう) (sonpū)
* 村(そん)夫(ぷう)子(し) (sonpūshi)
* 村(そん)法(ぽう) (sonpō)
* 村(そん)民(みん) (sonmin)
* 村(そん)名(めい) (sonmei)
* 村(そん)有(ゆう) (son'yū)
* 村(そん)邑(ゆう) (son'yū)
* 村(そん)落(らく) (sonraku)
* 村(そん)吏(り) (sonri)
* 村(そん)閭(りょ) (sonryo)
* 村(そん)老(ろう) (sonrō)
* 村(そん)醪(ろう) (sonrō)
* 一(いっ)村(そん) (isson)
* 遠(えん)村(そん) (enson)
* 塊(かい)村(そん) (kaison)
* 街(がい)村(そん) (gaison)
* 寒(かん)村(そん) (kanson)
* 漁(ぎょ)村(そん) (gyoson)
* 行(ぎょう)政(せい)村(そん) (gyōsei-son)
* 近(きん)村(そん) (kinson)
* 郡(ぐん)村(そん) (gunson)
* 郊(こう)村(そん) (kōson)
* 郷(ごう)村(そん) (gōson)
* 山(さん)村(そん) (sanson)
* 散(さん)村(そん) (sanson)
* 自(じ)村(そん) (jison)
* 全(ぜん)村(そん) (zenson)
* 他(た)村(そん) (tason)
* 町(ちょう)村(そん) (chōson)
* 農(のう)村(そん) (nōson)
* 廃(はい)村(そん) (haison)
* 貧(ひん)村(そん) (hinson)
* 分(ぶん)村(そん) (bunson)
* 弊(へい)村(そん) (heison)
* 僻(へき)村(そん) (hekison)
* 母(ぼ)村(そん) (boson)
* 離(り)村(そん) (rison)

### References

* ↑ “村”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “村”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

## Korean
### Hanja

村 (eumhun 마을 촌 (ma'eul chon))
* hanja form of 촌 (“village”)

## Kunigami
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: むらー (murā, 村)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mura, from Proto-Japonic *mura. Cognate with Japanese 村 (mura).

### Pronunciation

* ム​ラー
* IPA: /muɾaː/

### Noun

村(むらー) (murā)
* village
    村見欲せん。murā mī-busen.I want to see the village.

### References

* Nakasone, Seizen (仲宗根政善) (1983) 沖縄今帰仁方言辞典 [Okinawa Nakijin Dialect Dictionary], Tokyo (東京都): Kadokawa Shōten (角川商店), page 559

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

Unknown. One theory suggests a contraction of 在処 (ari-ka, “whereabouts”), derived from 有り (ari, “to exist”). Might be related to 石村 (Ipare), possibly from 岩 (ipa, “rock”) + 村 (are).

#### Noun

村 (*are) (kana あれ)
* a village
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Jimmu, pre-accession, c. 670 BCE:遂使$_二$邑有君・村有$_レ$長・各自分$_レ$疆用相凌躒$_ー$。(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* 石村 (Ipare) (possibly)

### Etymology 2

No phonographic attestations exist. This reading is glossed to 村邑 in the Atsuda manuscript of the Nihon Shoki.
According to one theory, possibly borrowed from some dialect of Old Korean. Compare Goguryeo 忽 (*xol, *kol, *kolo, *koro, “fortress”).

#### Noun

村 (*pure) (kana ふれ)
* a village
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Keitai, eighth year of reign (c. 515 CE), third month in spring:駈-略$_レ$子-女、剥-掠$_レ$村-邑。[Banpa] took [items] from the children, and stole from the village.

### Etymology 3

Possibly derived from Old Korean 須祇 (*suki).

#### Noun

村 (suki$_1$) (kana スキ)
* (in ancient Korean contexts) a village
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Empress Jingū, forty-ninth year of reign (c. 250 CE), third month in spring:百濟王父子及荒田別・木羅斤資等、共會$_下$意流村【今云$_二$州流須祇$_一$】$_上$、相見欣感、厚禮$_二$送遣之$_一$。The father-and-son kings of Baekje met both Aredawakë and Mongnakunja (Mokurakonsi) at Uiryu-sugi (Oru-suki) [now called Churyu-sugi (Turu-suki)]; [both sides were] glad to see each other, and exchanged heartfelt thanks as they were sent off.

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 村主 (sukuri, suguri)

### See also

* 邑 (mura)

### References

* ↑ “あれ 【村】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “ふれ 【村】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “村”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Vietnamese
### Han character

村: Hán Nôm readings: thôn, thon, thun, chon, chôn, thuôn, thuốn, xóm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Derived terms

* 农村 (nông thôn)
* 孤村 (cô thôn)
* 村塢 (thôn ổ)
* 村民 (thôn dân)
* 村莊 (thôn trang)
* 鄉村 (hương thôn)