# 懦

| 懦 | U+61E6, &#25062; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61E6 |
| ← 懥 [U+61E5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懧 → [U+61E7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懦 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 心一月月 (PMBB), four-corner 9102$_7$, composition ⿰忄需)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 407, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11390
* Dae Jaweon: page 748, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2364, character 19
* Unihan data for U+61E6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 懦 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 羺 | *noː |
| 獳 | *noː |
| 擩 | *noːs, *njoʔ, *njos, *njul, *njod |
| 譳 | *noːs |
| 懦 | *noːls, *njo |
| 糯 | *noːls |
| 需 | *sno |
| 繻 | *sno, *njo |
| 鑐 | *sno |
| 儒 | *njo |
| 濡 | *njo, *noːn |
| 襦 | *njo |
| 嚅 | *njo |
| 顬 | *njo |
| 鱬 | *njo |
| 嬬 | *njo |
| 臑 | *njo |
| 醹 | *njo, *njoʔ |
| 蠕 | *njo |
| 孺 | *njos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːls, *njo): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).

### Etymology

Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nuò (nuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): no$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nō͘ / nǒ͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): no$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nuò
*** Wade–Giles: no$^4$
*** Yale: nwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuoh
*** Palladius: но (no)
*** Sinological IPA : /nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: no$^6$
*** Yale: noh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: no$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: no$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɔː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nō͘
*** Tâi-lô: nōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: no
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǒ͘
*** Tâi-lô: nǒo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
*** IPA (Philippines): /nɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: no$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nò
*** Sinological IPA : /no²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: nyu
Rime :
| Character | 懦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人朱切 |
| Baxter | nyu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵio/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*noːls/, /*njo/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懦 | 懦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13964 | 13974 |
| Phonetic component | 需 | 需 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 儒 |
| Old Chinese | /*noːls/ | /*njo/ |

### Definitions

懦
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cowardly; weak
    Synonym: 懦弱 (nuòruò)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soft
* (Hokkien) sluggish; slow; spiritless; listless; timid; lazy

### Compounds

* 廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
* 怯懦 (qiènuò)
* 愚懦
* 懦夫 (nuòfū)
* 懦弱 (nuòruò)
* 懦愚
* 懦懦
* 懦鈍 / 懦钝
* 懦響 / 懦响
* 柔懦
* 柔懦寡斷 / 柔懦寡断
* 柔糯
* 選懦 / 选懦
* 闒懦 / 阘懦
* 頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: な (na)、にゅう (nyū)
* Kan-on: じゅ (ju)、だ (da)
* Kun: よわい (yowai, 懦い)

## Korean
### Hanja

懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懦: Hán Nôm readings: nhụa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.