# 休

| 休 | U+4F11, &#20241; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F11 |
| ← 伐 [U+4F10] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 伒 → [U+4F12] |
| ㊡ | U+32A1, &#12961; CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH REST |
| ← ㊠ [U+32A0] | Enclosed CJK Letters and Months | ㊢ → [U+32A2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

休 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人木 (OD), four-corner 2429$_0$, composition ⿰亻木)

#### Derived characters

* 𠁫, 咻, 𡜨, 恘, 𢫩, 㳜, 㹯, 𭥶, 𣐾, 烌, 𪻜, 䏫, 𫃢, 𮔄, 䛙, 貅, 𮔏, 銝, 𩗆, 䮌, 鮴, 𪘆
* 𠉟, 𠏕, 𩢮, 鵂(鸺), 𭓭, 茠, 𩂯, 髹, 庥, 㾋, 恷, 𤈢, 烋, 𪀪, 𰂥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 440
* Dae Jaweon: page 203, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 117, character 18
* Unihan data for U+4F11

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 休 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj14217j14218j14219j14220j14221j14222j14223j14224j14225Bronze inscriptionsb08748b08749b08750b08751b08752b08753b08754b08755b08756b08757b08758b08759b08760b08761b08762b08763b08764b08765b08766b08767b08768b08769b08770b08771b08772b08773b08774b08775b08776b08777b08778b08779b08780b08781b08782b08783b08784b08785b08786b08787b08788b08789b08790b08791b08793b08794b08795b08796b08797b08798b08799b08800b08801b08802b08803b08804b08805b08806b08807b08808b08809Small seal scripts04385Transcribed ancient scriptsL11653L11654L11655L11656L11657L11658L11659 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 茠 | *qʰuː |
| 烋 | *qʰruː, *qʰru |
| 恘 | *kʰu |
| 休 | *qʰu |
| 貅 | *qʰu |
| 咻 | *qʰu, *qʰoʔ |
| 庥 | *qʰu |
| 鵂 | *qʰu |
| 髤 | *qʰu |
| 髹 | *qʰu |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“man”) + 木 (“tree”) – a man leaning against a tree, resting.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiū (xiu$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щю (xi͡u, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xiu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hiû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xiou$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hiú
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hiu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun$^1$ / hiu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xiou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siou
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^1$
*** Yale: syōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiou
*** Palladius: сю (sju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щю (xi͡u, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$
*** Yale: yāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiu⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xiou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiú
*** Sinological IPA : /xiu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕu
*** Sinological IPA : /hieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hiu
*** Sinological IPA : /hiu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiu
*** Tâi-lô: hiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiun$^1$ / hiu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shieu
*** MiniDict: shieu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xiou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯əu̯³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit休 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiou⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiou⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕiou²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiɯ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕiəu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiou³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɤu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕiəu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiəu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕiəu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiəu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕiəɯ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiɯ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəu¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiəu¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiəu³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɤ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕiɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiø³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕau³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiu³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /siu¹¹/ ～息 /ɕiu¹¹/ ～寧 |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕiəu³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕiəɯ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hiu⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hiu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɐu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hieu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xiu⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hĩu³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hiu²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: xjuw
Rime :
| Character | 休 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許尤切 |
| Baxter | xjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huw/ |
| Li Rong | /xiu/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)u/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰu/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 休 | 休 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiū | xiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjuw › | ‹ xjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰ(r)u/ | /*qʰ(r)u/ |
| English | rest (v.) | blessing |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 休 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13919 |
| Phonetic component | 休 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 休 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰu/ |

#### Definitions

休
* to rest; to relax
* joyous; happy
    休戚與共／休戚与共 ― xiūqīyǔgòng ― to share joys and sorrows; to be happy and sorrowful together
* (archaic, literary) glory; virtue; goodness (what is worthy of praise and celebration)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hǔ bài qǐshǒu, duì yáng Wáng xiū. [Pinyin]
    Hu bowed with his head to the ground, And in response displayed the goodness of the King.
* (archaic, literary) bliss; auspicious omen
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Cǐ sān zǐ zhě, jiē bùyī zhī shì yě; huái nù wèi fā, xiū jìn jiàng yú tiān, yǔ chén ér jiāng sì yǐ. [Pinyin]
    All of those three worthy men were heroes among humble commoners who, having not even released their wrath, saw omens auspicious to their heroic deeds and ruinous to their opponents dispatched by Heaven. Now, with me, there is about to be a fourth.
* to stop; to cease
    喋喋不休 ― diédiébùxiū ― to talk endlessly
* to retire
* (historical) to cast off one’s wife and send her home; to divorce one's wife
* do not; don't
    From: c. 975～978, 李煜 (Li Yu),《望江南》, translated by Xu Yuanchong
    Xīnshì mò jiāng hé lèi shuō, fèngshēng xiū xiàng lèi shí chuī. Chángduàn gèng wúyí! [Pinyin]
    Don't ask about my grief of recent years nor play on flute when tears come out, or else my heart would break, no doubt!
* a surname
* A transliteration of the English male given name Hugh
    休·傑克曼／休·杰克曼 ― Xiū Jiékèmàn ― Hugh Jackman

#### Compounds

* 不休 (bùxiū)
* 不眠不休 (bùmiánbùxiū)
* 不肯干休
* 不能自休
* 中休 (zhōngxiū)
* 乞休
* 介休 (Jièxiū)
* 休休
* 休假 (xiūjià)
* 休克 (xiūkè)
* 休兵 (xiūbīng)
* 休刊 (xiūkān)
* 休命
* 休咎
* 休士頓市 / 休士顿市
* 休妻 (xiūqī)
* 休嫌
* 休學 / 休学 (xiūxué)
* 休屠 (Xiūtú)
* 休崙湖 / 休仑湖
* 休市 (xiūshì)
* 休徵 / 休征
* 休怪
* 休息
* 休息室
* 休想 (xiūxiǎng)
* 休憩 (xiūqì)
* 休戈
* 休戚 (xiūqī)
* 休戚相關 / 休戚相关 (xiūqīxiāngguān)
* 休戚與共 / 休戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)
* 休戰 / 休战 (xiūzhàn)
* 休提
* 休明
* 休暇 (xiūxiá)
* 休書 / 休书 (xiūshū)
* 休會 / 休会 (xiūhuì)
* 休業 / 休业 (xiūyè)
* 休業式 / 休业式
* 休歇 (xiūxiē)
* 休止 (xiūzhǐ)
* 休止符 (xiūzhǐfú)
* 休沐
* 休漁期 / 休渔期 (xiūyúqī)
* 休火山 (xiūhuǒshān)
* 休烈
* 休牛放馬 / 休牛放马
* 休牛散馬 / 休牛散马
* 休牛歸馬 / 休牛归马
* 休眠 (xiūmián)
* 休眠期
* 休眠火山 (xiūmián huǒshān)
* 休管
* 休耕 (xiūgēng)
* 休職 / 休职 (xiūzhí)
* 休致 (xiūzhì)
* 休診 / 休诊 (xiūzhěn)
* 休閒 / 休闲 (xiūxián)
* 休閒活動 / 休闲活动
* 休離 / 休离
* 休養 / 休养 (xiūyǎng)
* 休養生息 / 休养生息 (xiūyǎngshēngxī)
* 何休
* 便休
* 公休 (gōngxiū)
* 刺刺不休
* 勒休
* 同休共戚
* 呶呶不休 (náonáobùxiū)
* 喋喋不休 (diédiébùxiū)
* 善罷干休
* 善罷甘休 / 善罢甘休 (shànbàgānxiū)
* 天休 (tiānxiū)
* 奪休 / 夺休
* 官休
* 干休 (gānxiū)
* 意休不休
* 按甲休兵
* 旬休
* 更休
* 棘棘不休
* 榮休 / 荣休 (róngxiū)
* 欲說還休 / 欲说还休
* 欲語還休 / 欲语还休
* 歸休 / 归休
* 無了無休 / 无了无休
* 無疆之休 / 无疆之休
* 無盡無休 / 无尽无休 (wújìnwúxiū)
* 燠休
* 甘休 (gānxiū)
* 病休 (bìngxiū)
* 皮日休
* 萬事皆休 / 万事皆休
* 紹休聖緒 / 绍休圣绪
* 絮絮不休
* 罷休 / 罢休 (bàxiū)
* 耶律休哥
* 至死方休
* 與國同休 / 与国同休
* 與民休息 / 与民休息
* 西合休 (Xīhéxiū)
* 解甲休兵
* 解甲休士
* 討休 / 讨休
* 話休絮煩 / 话休絮烦
* 誓不甘休
* 貫休 / 贯休
* 買休 / 买休
* 買休賣休 / 买休卖休
* 輪休 / 轮休 (lúnxiū)
* 退休 (tuìxiū)
* 退休金 (tuìxiūjīn)
* 長休告 / 长休告
* 長休飯 / 长休饭
* 雖休勿休 / 虽休勿休
* 離休 / 离休 (líxiū)
* 風休冰解 / 风休冰解

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xǔ (xu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syǔ
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^3$
*** Yale: syǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

休
* Obsolete form of 煦 (“warm”).
* Alternative form of 咻 (“groaning sound”)

#### Compounds

* 噢休
* 燠休

### References

* “休”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* Proper Names And Translation Service, Xinhua News Agency, editor (1993), “Hugh 休”, in 世界人名翻译大辞典 [Names of The Worlds Peoples: A comprehensive dictionary of names in Roman-Chinese] (in Chinese), Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 1315: “西方男子教名，亦作姓用”.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “休”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: やすまる (yasumaru, 休まる, Jōyō)、やすむ (yasumu, 休む, Jōyō)、やすめる (yasumeru, 休める, Jōyō)、いこう (ikou, 休う)、やすみ (yasumi, 休み)、やすらい (yasurai, 休らい)、やすらう (yasurau, 休らう)、やむ (yamu, 休む)、やめる (yameru, 休める)、ゆくゆく (yukuyuku, 休く)、よい (yoi, 休い)
* Nanori: たね (tane)、のぶ (nobu)、やす (yasu)、やすみ (yasumi)、やすむ (yasumu)、よし (yoshi)

### Noun

休(きゅう) • (kyū)
* rest; vacation

#### Compounds

* 休(きゅう)意(い) (kyūi, “peace, tranquility”)
* 休(きゅう)演(えん) (kyūen, “suspending performance”)
* 休(きゅう)暇(か) (kyūka, “holiday, day off”)
* 休(きゅう)火(か)山(ざん) (kyūkazan, “dormant volcano”)
* 休(きゅう)会(かい) (kyūkai, “adjournment, recess”)
* 休(きゅう)学(がく) (kyūgaku, “suspension of studies”)
* 休(きゅう)刊(かん) (kyūkan, “suspension of publication”)
* 休(きゅう)閑(かん) (kyūkan, “fallowing”)
* 休(きゅう)館(かん) (kyūkan, “library or museum closure”)
* 休(きゅう)漁(りょう) (kyūryō, “suspension of fishing”)
* 休(きゅう)業(ぎょう) (kyūgyō, “business closure”)
* 休(きゅう)憩(けい) (kyūkei, “rest”)
* 休(きゅう)校(こう) (kyūkō, “school closure”)
* 休(きゅう)耕(こう) (kyūkō, “lying fallow”)
* 休(きゅう)航(こう) (kyūkō, “suspension of sailing”)
* 休(きゅう)講(こう) (kyūkō, “canceled lecture”)
* 休(きゅう)載(さい) (kyūsai, “suspension of publication”)
* 休(きゅう)止(し) (kyūshi, “pause”)
* 休(きゅう)祥(しょう) (kyūshō, “good omen”)
* 休(きゅう)場(じょう) (kyūjō, “theater closure, stage absence”)
* 休(きゅう)職(しょく) (kyūshoku, “suspension from office”)
* 休(きゅう)心(しん) (kyūshin, “rest assured”)
* 休(きゅう)診(しん) (kyūshin, “temporary closing of doctor's office”)
* 休(きゅう)錘(すい) (kyūsui, “suspension of fabric factory operations”)
* 休(きゅう)戚(せき) (kyūseki, “joy and sorrow”)
* 休(きゅう)戦(せん) (kyūsen, “truce, armistice”)
* 休(きゅう)息(そく) (kyūsoku, “rest, relaxation”)
* 足(あし)休(やすめ) (ashiyasume, “resting feet”)
* 休(きゅう)怠(たい) (kyūtai, “laziness”)
* 休(きゅう)廷(てい) (kyūtei, “court recess”)
* 休(きゅう)転(てん) (kyūten, “suspension of operations”)
* 休(きゅう)電(でん) (kyūden, “electricity outage”)
* 休(きゅう)日(じつ) (kyūjitsu, “holiday, day off”)
* 休(きゅう)泊(はく)所(じょ) (kyūhakujo, “resting place”)
* 休(きゅう)符(ふ) (kyūfu, “rest (in music)”)
* 休(きゅう)眠(みん) (kyūmin, “idle”)
* 休(きゅう)養(よう) (kyūyō, “rest”)
* 運(うん)休(きゅう) (unkyū)

#### Related terms

* 休ませる
* 休まる
* 休み
* 休める
* 休らう

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 休 (MC xjuw).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 휴ᇢ (Yale: hyuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 휴 (hywu) (Yale: hyu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [çu]
* Phonetic hangul: [휴]

### Hanja

Wikisource 休 (eumhun 쉴 휴 (swil hyu))
* hanja form of 휴 (“rest; relax”)

#### Compounds

* 연휴 (連休, yeonhyu, “holidays”)
* 휴가 (休暇, hyuga, “leave; vacation”)
* 휴게실 (休憩室, hyugesil, “lounge”)
* 휴면 (休眠, hyumyeon)
* 휴식 (休息, hyusik, “rest; break”)
* 휴업 (休業, hyueop, “temporary business closure”)
* 휴일 (休日, hyuil, “holiday”)
* 휴전 (休戰, hyujeon)
* 휴지 (休紙, hyuji, “waste paper; tissue”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

休: Hán Nôm readings: hưu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nôm Foundation