# 頑

| 頑 | U+9811, &#38929; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9811 |
| ← 預 [U+9810] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 頒 → [U+9812] |

## Translingual
### Han character

頑 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一山一月金 (MUMBC), four-corner 1128$_6$, composition ⿰元頁)

#### Derived characters

* 㹕, 𤻆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1401, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43374
* Dae Jaweon: page 1917, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4359, character 8
* Unihan data for U+9811

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 頑 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn): phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wán (wan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waan$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): uan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngòan
    (Hailu, HRS): nguan
* Jin (Wiktionary): van$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngṳīng
* Eastern Min (BUC): nguàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nguang$^2$ / nguong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): goân / oán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang$^5$ / nguêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$woe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wán
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wán
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^2$
*** Yale: wán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^4$
*** Yale: wàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: uan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /uan³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngòan
*** Hakka Romanization System: nguan$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nguan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯an¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: nguan
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋuan⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: van$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳīng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋyiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nguàng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋuaŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nguang$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nguáng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋuaŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nguong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋuoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
*** Tâi-lô: guân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
*** Tâi-lô: uán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/
* goân - literary;
* oán - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: ngwaen
Rime :
| Character | 頑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五還切 |
| Baxter | ngwaen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠuan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋwaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋuan/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋwan/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋwan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngaan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 頑 | 頑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16138 | 16139 |
| Phonetic component | 元 | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 𤸷 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋroːn/ | /*ŋroːn/ |
| Notes | 宋跋本王韻吳鰥反 | |

### Definitions

頑
* obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant
    頑抗／顽抗 ― wánkàng ― to stubbornly resist
    頑強／顽强 ― wánqiáng ― staunch; tenacious
* stupid; ignorant
    頑昧／顽昧 ― wánmèi ― ignorant; benighted
    From: Han Yu, 祭穆員外文 (In memory of Official Mu)
    Zhī zǐ jùnmíng, wǒ dùn ér wán. [Pinyin]
    He is bright, while I am obtuse and ignorant.
* naughty; mischievous
    頑皮／顽皮 ― wánpí ― naughty; mischievous

### Compounds

* 不是頑的 / 不是顽的
* 冥頑 / 冥顽 (míngwán)
* 冥頑不靈 / 冥顽不灵 (míngwánbùlíng)
* 刁頑 / 刁顽 (diāowán)
* 哀感頑豔 / 哀感顽艳
* 大頑 / 大顽
* 奸頑
* 小頑 / 小顽
* 廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
* 性潑凶頑 / 性泼凶顽
* 愚頑 / 愚顽 (yúwán)
* 憨頑 / 憨顽
* 振警愚頑 / 振警愚顽
* 撒頑 / 撒顽
* 殷頑
* 淘氣憨頑 / 淘气憨顽
* 痴頑 / 痴顽
* 老頑固 / 老顽固 (lǎowángù)
* 老頑童 / 老顽童 (lǎowántóng)
* 荒功好頑 / 荒功好顽
* 蔽賢寵頑 / 蔽贤宠顽
* 負嵎頑抗 / 负嵎顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
* 負隅頑抗 / 负隅顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
* 貪頑 / 贪顽
* 賴肉頑皮 / 赖肉顽皮
* 賴骨頑皮 / 赖骨顽皮
* 頑健 / 顽健
* 頑劣 / 顽劣 (wánliè)
* 頑固 / 顽固 (wángù)
* 頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立
* 頑強 / 顽强 (wánqiáng)
* 頑強不屈 / 顽强不屈
* 頑意兒 / 顽意儿
* 頑抗 / 顽抗 (wánkàng)
* 頑敵 / 顽敌 (wándí)
* 頑梗 / 顽梗 (wángěng)
* 頑民 / 顽民
* 頑涎 / 顽涎
* 頑症 / 顽症 (wánzhèng)
* 頑疾 / 顽疾 (wánjí)
* 頑癬 / 顽癣 (wánxuǎn)
* 頑皮 / 顽皮 (wánpí)
* 頑皮賴骨 / 顽皮赖骨
* 頑石 / 顽石 (wánshí)
* 頑石點頭 / 顽石点头
* 頑童 / 顽童 (wántóng)
* 頑笑 / 顽笑
* 頑耍 / 顽耍 (wánshuǎ)
* 頑蒙 / 顽蒙
* 頑話 / 顽话
* 頑軀 / 顽躯
* 頑逆 / 顽逆
* 頑鈍 / 顽钝 (wándùn)
* 頑鹵 / 顽卤

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* stubborn

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
* Kun: かたい (katai, 頑い)、かたくな (katakuna, 頑)、かたくな (katakuna, 頑な)

#### Compounds

* 頑(がん)火(か)輝(き)石(せき) (ganka kiseki)
* 頑(がん)強(きょう) (gankyō)
* 頑(がん)愚(ぐ) (gangu)
* 頑(がん)健(けん) (ganken)
* 頑(がん)固(こ) (ganko)
* 頑(がん)硬(こう) (gankō)
* 頑(がん)擴(こう) (gankō)
* 頑(がん)剛(ごう) (gangō)
* 頑(がん)質(しつ) (ganshitsu)
* 頑(がん)丈(じょう) (ganjō)
* 頑(がん)是(ぜ) (ganze)
* 頑(がん)癬(せん) (gansen)
* 頑(がん)然(ぜん) (ganzen)
* 頑(がん)童(どう) (gandō)
* 頑(がん)鈍(どん) (gandon)
* 頑(がん)物(ぶつ) (ganbutsu)
* 頑(がん)僻(へき) (ganheki)
* 頑(がん)昧(まい) (ganmai)
* 頑(がん)民(みん) (ganmin)
* 頑(がん)迷(めい) (ganmei)
* 頑(がん)冥(めい) (ganmei)
* 頑(がん)蒙(もう) (ganmō)
* 頑(がん)陋(ろう) (ganrō)

#### Derived terms

* 頑(がん)張(ば)る (ganbaru)
* 頑(がん)張(ば)って (ganbatte)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 頑
* かたくな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 頑 – see the following entry. :
| 【かたくな】 | [adjective] stubborn Alternative spelling 頑な |
(This term, 頑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

頑: Hán Nôm readings: ngoan, ngoãn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.