# rak
## Translingual
### Symbol

rak
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tulu-Bohuai.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Tulu-Bohuai terms

## Breton
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Conjunction

rak
* because

### Preposition

rak
* before

#### Inflection

| singular | singular | plural | plural |
| 1 | razon | 1 | razomp |
| 2 | razout | 2 | razoc'h |
| 3 m | razañ | 3 | razo |
| 3 f | razi | 3 | razo |
| imp. | razor | razor | razor |

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian рак (rak).

### Noun

rak
* cancer

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “rak”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech rak, from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrak]
* Rhymes: -ak

### Noun

rak m anim (relational adjective račí, diminutive ráček)
* crayfish
* (colloquial, archaic) cancer
    Synonym: rakovina

#### Derived terms

* račí

#### See also

* humr
* Rak

### Further reading

* “rak”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “rak”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “rak”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rak/, [ʁɑɡ̊]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

rak n (singular definite rakket, not used in plural form)
* rabble, riffraff
    Få så det rak væk! Det skræmmer kunderne væk.
       Get that rabble away! It scares off the customers.

### Verb

rak
* imperative of rakke

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑk/
* Hyphenation: rak
* Rhymes: -ɑk

### Etymology 1

Related to rekken.

#### Noun

rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)
* a straight section of a waterway
* a straight distance or section that one traverses by sailing

##### Derived terms

* Damrak

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rac. Variant of rek. Possibly related to etymology 1.

#### Noun

rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)
* (nautical) a rack, a frame
    Synonym: rek

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch *rak, from Old Dutch *rak, from Proto-West Germanic *rak, from Proto-Germanic *raką (“cord, chain”). Alternatively borrowed from Middle Low German rak (“parrel”), from Old Saxon *rak, from the same West Germanic source above.

#### Alternative forms

* rek

#### Noun

rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)
* a rope (often protected with wooden beads), chain or brace for fixing a spar to the mast
    Synonym: rek

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *rakkɜ- (“to make, prepare, build”). Cognates include Finnish rakentaa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɒk]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒk

### Verb

rak
* (transitive) to put, set
    Synonyms: tesz, helyez, pakol

#### Derived terms

* rakás
* rakodik
* rakódik
* rakomány
* raklap
* rakpart
* raktár
(With verbal prefixes):
* alárak
* átrak
* berak
* belerak
* egyberak
* elrak
* előrerak
* felrak
* fölrak
* félrerak
* hátrarak
* hazarak
* helyrerak
* hozzárak
* iderak
* kirak
* körülrak
* közérak
* különrak
* lerak
* megrak
* mellérak
* odarak
* összerak
* rárak
* széjjelrak
* szétrak
* telerak
* újrarak
* végigrak
* visszarak

### References

* ↑ Entry #850 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ rak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* rak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

### Anagrams

* kar

## Icelandic
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse rak.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raːk/
* Rhymes: -aːk

#### Noun

rak n (genitive singular raks, nominative plural rök)
* wick (of a candle)
    Synonym: kveikur
* (chiefly in the plural) raking (quantity of hay)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rak
* first/third-person singular past indicative active of reka

### Anagrams

* ark, kar

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rak/

### Noun

rak m anim
* crustacean
* cancer
* Cancer

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “rak”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “rak”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [raʔ]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Hyphenation: rak

### Etymology 1

Probably from English rack.

#### Noun

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak, informal 1st possessive rakku, 2nd possessive rakmu, 3rd possessive raknya)
* A shelf.
    Synonyms: para / para-para, almari

##### Compounds

* rak buku (“bookshelf”)

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: rak

### Etymology 2

Clipping of derak.

#### Noun

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak, informal 1st possessive rakku, 2nd possessive rakmu, 3rd possessive raknya)
* (onomatopoeia) The sound of a pen being dragged across a paper.
* (onomatopoeia) The sound of wood breaking and other similar things.

##### Affixations

* rak-rok, rok-rak

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: rak

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak, informal 1st possessive rakku, 2nd possessive rakmu, 3rd possessive raknya)
* (Kelantan-Pattani) A not so thick bush.

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

rak (Jawi spelling رق)
* (Kelantan-Pattani) Alternative form of larat.

### References

* “rak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Marshallese
### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [rˠɑk]
* (phonemic) IPA: /rˠæk/
* Bender phonemes: {rak}

### Noun

rak
* south
* summer

#### Synonyms

* jem̧ar (“summer”)

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Compare with Icelandic rakur

### Adjective

rak (masculine and feminine rak, neuter rakt, definite singular and plural rake)
* salted and partially fermented (of fish)

#### Derived terms

* rakfisk

### References

* “rak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “rak_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

Compare with Icelandic rakur

#### Adjective

rak (neuter rakt, definite singular and plural rake)
* salted and partially fermented (of fish)
* straight

##### Derived terms

* rakfisk

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rak
* imperative of raka

### References

* “rak” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Verb

rak
* first/third-person singular past active indicative of reka

## Palauan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

rak
* year

### References

* rak in Palauan Language Online: Palauan-English Dictionary, at tekinged.com.
* rak in Palauan-English Dictionary, at trussel2.com.
* rak in Lewis S. Josephs, Edwin G. McManus, Masa-aki Emesiochel (1977) Palauan-English Dictionary, University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 285.

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rak, from Proto-Slavic *ràkъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrak/
* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /ˈrak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: rak

### Noun

rak m animal (diminutive raczek)
* cancer (disease)
* crayfish (term also used for certain other crustaceans)
* crampon (spike on a boot used for ice climbing)
* (Near Masovian) wooden measure on a windmill to regulate the spacing between the fingers of the millwheel
    Hypernym: miara

#### Derived terms

* rakogenny
* rakotwórczy
* rakowaty
* rakowy
* raczarnia
* racznik
* raczyna
* rakotwórczość
* rakowatość
* Rak
* Raków
* rakowacieć impf

### Further reading

* rak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Władysław Matlakowski (1891) “rak”, in “Zbiór wyrazów ludowych dawnej ziemi czerskiej”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 369

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

### Noun

rȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ра̏к, diminutive ràčić)
* crab
* cancer (astrology)
    Ja sam rak u horoskopu. ― I am cancer in horoscope.
* (colloquial) cancer (disease)
    Imam rak dojke. ― I have breast cancer.

#### Usage notes

Rak can also be declined inanimated, if used for the disease.

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rak]

### Noun

rak m animal (relational adjective račí or (colloquial) rakový, diminutive ráčik)
* crayfish

#### See also

* homár m
* Rak

### Noun

rak m animal (relational adjective rakový)
* (colloquial, archaic) cancer
    Synonym: rakovina

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “rak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

rak m
* crustacean (animal of the subphylum Crustacea)
* cancer

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* “rak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Southwestern Dinka
### Noun

rak (plural rɔɔk)
* Shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa
* the fruit of this tree, shea nut

### References

* Dinka-English Dictionary‎, 2005

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rak (comparative rakare, superlative rakast)
* straight; unbent
* straight; direct, frank
* (internal combustion engines) straight

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### Further reading

* rak in Svensk ordbok.

### Anagrams

* ark, kar

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ràkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Krebs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʀak/
* Rhymes: -ak
* Hyphenation: rak
* Syllabification: rak

### Noun

rak m animal
* (zoology) crayfish
* (medicine) cancer (malignant tumor, of unknown origin, with a tendency to destroy neighboring tissues and spread or disease caused by a malignant tumor)

#### Declension
### References

* “rak” in Soblex