# ngana
## English
### Noun

ngana (uncountable)
* Obsolete spelling of nagana.
** 1908 March 12, John William Watson Stephens, “Sleeping Sickness”, in Nature, volume 77, pages 440–442:It is perhaps an exaggeration to say that we know now no more about tsetse-flies than we did when Bruce discovered that Gl. morsitans transmitted the trypanosome (T. brucei) of ngana […]

### Anagrams

* Angan, nanga, Anang, ganna

## Gamilaraay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ŋana/

### Noun

ngana
* room
* grass windbreak
* grass hut

### References

* (2017) Giacon J Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay Dictionary Supplement

## Guugu Yimidhirr
### Etymology

From Proto-Paman *ngana, from Proto-Pama-Maric *ngana, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ngana.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ŋana/

### Pronoun

ngana
* (coastal dialect) we: first person plural nominative pronoun

#### Usage notes

Most modern speakers use the inland form nganhdhaan, even if they otherwise use coastal words.

#### Synonyms

* nganhdhaan (inland dialect)

### References

* Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
* Haviland, John B. 1979. ‘Guugu Yimidhirr Sketch Grammar’. R. M. W. Dixon, B. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian Languages, Vol I.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈŋana/ [ˈŋa.na]
* Syllabification: nga‧na

### Etymology 1

Clipping of menurut ngana? (“you think?”), from menurut (“according to”) + ngana (“you (Manado)”). Reanalyzed as a second-person pronoun for specific use in sarcastic and rhetorical responses.

#### Pronoun

ngana
* (colloquial, sarcastic) you; yourself [mid-2010s?]
** 2017, Sofi Meloni, Cinder Ana on Duty, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, →ISBN, page 110:Aku membentuk dua kerucut dengan tanganku dan menggabungkannya untuk menggambarkan yang kumaksud. "Maksud ngana ciuman?"I made two finger purses with my palms and combined them to illustrate what I meant. "(Duh,) you mean (they were) kissing?"
** 2021, Stefani Bella, Gak Capek Dituntut Mulu? [Aren't You Tired of Being Under Pressure?], Yogyakarta: Gradien Mediatama, →ISBN, page 20:Ya ngana pikir pemirsa, kalau udah tua hidup bisa ongkang-ongkang kaki aja?Well, think about it yourself, readers, would you spend old age idling around?

### Etymology 2

From Manado Malay ngana (“you”).

#### Pronoun

ngana
* (Manado) you (singular)

## Lindu
### Noun

ngana
* child

## Manado Malay
### Alternative forms

* na

### Etymology

From North Moluccan Malay ngana, from Ternate ngana.

### Pronoun

ngana
* you (singular)

## North Moluccan Malay
### Alternative forms

* nga

### Etymology

From Ternate ngana.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈŋana/
* Hyphenation: nga‧na

### Pronoun

ngana
* (casual) you, your (singular)
    Torang tadi pigi di ngana pe skola.We went to your school.
    Ngana suka biking kita pusing.You like to give me a headache.

### See also

* ngoni (“you/y'all, your (plural)”)
$^1$ Polite.
* The short forms are mostly dependent.
* The second person pronouns are usually avoided when talking to someone of higher status or older.
See each entry for more information.

## Ternate
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈŋa.na]

### Pronoun

ngana (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni, Jawi ڠان)
* second-person singular pronoun, you

#### Descendants

* Manado Malay: ngana
* North Moluccan Malay: ngana

#### See also

* unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
* m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
* 1 - for mixed-gender groups
* † - archaic

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh