# 廈門
## Chinese

* 廈門 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 廈門 (Cantonese)
* 廈門 (Classical)
* Ha-mùn (Hakka)
* Â-muòng (Eastern Min)
* Ē-mn̂g (Southern Min)
* 厦门 (Wu)
* Xiamen (English)

### Etymology

A homophone of the original name 下門／下门 (Xiàmén) that came into official use for its more elegant sense.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xiàmén
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄣˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haa$^6$ mun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ha$^5$ mon$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'ha$^5$ miin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Ha-mùn
    (Hailu, HRS): ha$^˖$ mun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ha$^4$ mun$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): Hā-mo̤̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): Â-muòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): or$^5$ mue$^2$ / or$^5$ mui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Ē-mn̂g / Ēe-mûi / Ěe-mûi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ê$^6$ mung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gho-men
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xiàmén
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Siàmén
*** Wade–Giles: Hsia$^4$-mên$^2$
*** Yale: Syà-mén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiahmen
*** Palladius: Сямэнь (Sjamɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ mən³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$下門 / 下门 廈門 / 厦门
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^6$ mun$^4$
*** Yale: hah mùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^6$ mun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^6$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²² muːn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$下門 / 下门 廈門 / 厦门
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ha$^5$ mon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ha³² ᵐbᵘɔn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'ha$^5$ miin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈha¹¹ mɨn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ha-mùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ha mun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ha$^4$ mun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ha⁵⁵ mun¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ha$^˖$ mun
*** Sinological IPA: /ha³³ mun⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ha$^4$ mun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ha⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mun¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Hā-mo̤̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /xa⁵⁵ mɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Â-muòng
*** Sinological IPA : /a²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: or$^5$ mue$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ō̤-mói
*** Sinological IPA : /ɒ²¹ muei¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: or$^5$ mui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɒ²¹ mui¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Changtai, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē-mn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: Ē-mn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: exmngg
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /e⁴¹⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Changtai, Singapore): /e²²⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e³³⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /e³³⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ēe-mûi
*** Tâi-lô: Ēe-muî
*** IPA (Penang): /ɛ²¹ mui²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ²²⁻²¹ muĩ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ěe-mûi
*** Tâi-lô: Ěe-muî
*** IPA (Longyan): /ɛ⁵³⁻¹¹ muĩ¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ê$^6$ mung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĕ mûng
*** Sinological IPA : /e³⁵⁻¹¹ muŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gho-men
*** MiniDict: gho$^去$ men
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hho-men
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦo²² mən⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

廈門
* (historical) Xiamen (a fortification which formerly protected Xiamen Bay, Fujian, China)
* (～市) Xiamen (a subprovincial city in Fujian, China)
* (～島) Xiamen Island, Amoy Island (an island in Xiamen Bay, Fujian, China)

#### Synonyms

* (island): 嘉禾 (jiāhé) (historical), 鷺島／鹭岛 (Lùdǎo)
* (city): 下門／下门 (Xiàmén) (historical); 思明 (Sīmíng) (historical)
* (its hinterland): 同安 (Tóng'ān) (historical); 思明 (Sīmíng) (historical)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 하문(廈門) (Hamun)
* → Vietnamese: Hạ Môn (廈門)
Others:
* → Arabic: شْيَامِن (šyāmin)
* → Dutch: Xiamen, Emoi
* → English: Amoy, Hsia-men, Hsiamen, Xiamen
* → French: Amoy, Xiamen
* → Georgian: სიამენი (siameni)
* → Japanese: 廈(シア)門(メン) (Shiamen)
* → Korean: 샤먼 (Syameon)
* → Portuguese: Amoy, Xiamen
** → Japanese: 廈(ア)門(モイ) (Amoi)
* → Spanish: Emuy

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “厦门”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 659.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 廈 | 門 |
| シアメン ||
| Hyōgai | Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 厦門
Borrowed from Mandarin 廈門／厦门 (Xiàmén).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕia̠mẽ̞ɴ]

#### Proper noun

廈門(シアメン) • (Shiamen)
* Xiamen, Amoy (a subprovincial city in Fujian, in southeastern China)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 廈 | 門 |
| アモイ ||
| Hyōgai | Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 厦門
Borrowed from Portuguese Amoy, in turn from Hokkien 廈門／厦门 (Ēe-mûi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) アモイ [áꜜmòì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠mo̞i]

#### Proper noun

廈門(アモイ) • (Amoi)
* Amoy, Xiamen (a subprovincial city in Fujian, in southeastern China)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “廈門”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 廈 | 門 |

### Proper noun

廈門
* chữ Hán form of Hạ Môn (“Xiamen (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city in Fujian, in southeastern China)”).