# 祥

| 祥 | U+7965, &#31077; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7965 |
| ← 祤 [U+7964] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 祦 → [U+7966] |
| 祥 | U+FA1A, &#64026; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1A |
| ← 神 [U+FA19] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 福 → [U+FA1B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

祥 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈火廿手 (IFTQ), four-corner 3825$_1$, composition ⿰礻羊(GHTJ) or ⿰示羊(K or U+FA1A))

#### Derived characters

* 㬕, 䔗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24689
* Dae Jaweon: page 1262, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2398, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7965
* Unihan data for U+FA1A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 样 | *ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ |
| 佯 | *zlaŋ, *laŋ |
| 詳 | *ljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 洋 | *ljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 翔 | *ljaŋ |
| 庠 | *ljaŋ |
| 祥 | *ljaŋ |
| 痒 | *ljaŋ, *laŋʔ |
| 姜 | *klaŋ |
| 羌 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 蜣 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 猐 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 唴 | *kʰlaŋs |
| 羊 | *laŋ |
| 徉 | *laŋ |
| 烊 | *laŋ |
| 蛘 | *laŋ, *laŋʔ |
| 眻 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
| 鴹 | *laŋ |
| 恙 | *laŋs |
| 羕 | *laŋs |
| 樣 | *laŋs |
| 漾 | *laŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljaŋ): semantic 示 (“altar”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ). Originally just 羊, 示 was added later to distinguish it.

### Etymology
#### "fortune, omen (good or bad)" > "good luck"

    According to Schuessler (2007), many different etymologies are theoretically possible:
   * possibly belonging to 悆 (OC *las) ~ 譽 (OC *la, *las) ~ 豫 (OC *las, “cheerful, joyous”);
   * possibly related to Tibetan གཡང (g.yang, “happiness, blessing, prosperity”) (cf. Bodman, 1980) (yet see 慶／庆 (qìng));
   * Note also Saek [script needed] (laaŋᴬ¹, “luck”)

#### ancient funeral sacrifice

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiáng (xiang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): coeng$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tiang$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xiong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siòng
    (Hailu, HRS): siong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiong$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xion$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ciǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): siòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yan
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zian$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siáng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^2$
*** Yale: syáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyang
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiaŋ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^4$
*** Yale: chèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tiang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiaŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siong
*** Sinological IPA: /sioŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /siɔŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xion$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siòng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông
*** Tâi-lô: siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /siɔŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâng
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yan
*** MiniDict: yan$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡si̯æn¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯æn¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit祥 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /siaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /siaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiɔ̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁵³/ /ɕiɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ziã¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰia⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sian¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /d͡zian¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɔŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sioŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sioŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suoŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡siɔŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /siaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /siaŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjang
Rime :
| Character | 祥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似羊切 |
| Baxter | zjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ziɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ziaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.ɢaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.ɢaŋ/ |
| English | auspicious |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14528 |
| Phonetic component | 羊 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 詳 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljaŋ/ |

### Definitions

祥
* good luck, good omen, auspicious
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
    Gōngmèngzǐ wèi zǐ Mòzǐ yuē: “Yǒu yì bùyì, wú xiáng bùxiáng.” [Pinyin]
    Gongmengzi said to Mozi: "There is only righteousness and unrighteousness, but no such thing as propitiousness or unpropitiousness."
* (obsolete) fortune, omen (good or bad)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Shì hé xiáng yě? Jíxiōng yān zài? [Pinyin]
    What omens are these? What felicity and calamity is in them?
* (obsolete) ancient funeral sacrifice
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Zì zhūhóu dá zhūshì, xiǎoxiáng zhī jì, zhǔrén zhī zuò yě jì zhī; zhòngbīn xiōngdì, zé jiē cuì zhī. Dàxiáng: zhǔrén cuì zhī, zhòngbīn xiōngdì jiē yǐn zhī, kě yě. [Pinyin]
    From the feudal rulers down to all officers, at the minor funeral sacrifice (at the end of the first year's mourning for a parent), when the chief mourner took the cup offered to him by the chief among the visitors, he raised it to his teeth, while the visitors, brothers, and cousins all sipped the cups presented to them. After the major funeral sacrifice (at the end of the second year), the chief mourner might sip his cup, while all the visitors, brothers, and cousins might drink off their cups.

#### Compounds

* 不祥 (bùxiáng)
* 不祥之兆 (bùxiángzhīzhào)
* 五色祥雲 / 五色祥云
* 佳兵不祥
* 南極呈祥 / 南极呈祥
* 吉祥 (jíxiáng)
* 吉祥如意 (jíxiángrúyì)
* 吉祥止止
* 吉祥物 (jíxiángwù)
* 和氣致祥 / 和气致祥
* 國家祥瑞 / 国家祥瑞
* 大祥
* 天祥
* 妖祥
* 小祥
* 慈祥 (cíxiáng)
* 松祥 (Sōngxiáng)
* 桃灼呈祥 (táozhuóchéngxiáng)
* 災祥 / 灾祥
* 熊羆之祥 / 熊罴之祥
* 王祥臥冰 / 王祥卧冰
* 瑞氣祥雲 / 瑞气祥云
* 發祥 / 发祥 (fāxiáng)
* 發祥地 / 发祥地 (fāxiángdì)
* 碇祥 (Dìngxiáng)
* 祅祥
* 祥光
* 祥刑
* 祥和 (xiánghé)
* 祥瑞 (xiángruì)
* 祥符
* 祥金
* 祥雲 / 祥云 (xiángyún)
* 祥雲瑞彩 / 祥云瑞彩 (xiángyúnruìcǎi)
* 祥雲瑞氣 / 祥云瑞气
* 祥風慶雲 / 祥风庆云
* 祥麟
* 祥麟威鳳 / 祥麟威凤
* 祥麟瑞鳳 / 祥麟瑞凤
* 祺祥 (qíxiáng)
* 福祥
* 禎祥 / 祯祥 (zhēnxiáng)
* 禨祥 / 𥘌祥
* 美祥
* 遇難成祥 / 遇难成祥
* 鍾祥 / 钟祥 (Zhōngxiáng)
* 降祥
* 麟趾呈祥
* 龍鳳呈祥 / 龙凤呈祥 (lóngfèngchéngxiáng)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 祥 |
| Kyūjitai | 祥 &#xFA1A; or 祥+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 祥󠄀 祥+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 祥󠄃 祥+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 祥)
* auspiciousness, happiness
* good omen or sign
* celebration after the end of a mourning

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぞう (zō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: きざし (kizashi, 祥し)、さいわい (saiwai, 祥い)、さが (saga, 祥)、さち (sachi, 祥)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、さか (saka)、さき (saki)、さち (sachi)、さむ (samu)、ただ (tada)、なが (naga)、ひろ (hiro)、やす (yasu)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 祥雲(しょううん) (shōun)
* 祥気(しょうき) (shōki)
* 祥忌(しょうき) (shōki)
* 祥慶(しょうけい) (shōkei)
* 祥瑞(しょうずい) (shōzui)
* 嘉祥(かしょう) (kashō)
* 吉(きち)祥(じょう) (kichijō), 吉祥(きっしょう) (kisshō)
* 休祥(きゅうしょう) (kyūshō)
* 錦祥女(きんしょうじょ) (Kinshōjo)
* 災祥(さいしょう) (saishō)
* 小祥忌(しょうしょうき) (shōshōki), 小祥(しょうしょう) (shōshō)
* 瑞祥(ずいしょう) (zuishō)
* 清祥(せいしょう) (seishō)
* 善祥(ぜんしょう) (zenshō)
* 多祥(たしょう) (tashō)
* 大祥忌(だいしょうき) (daishōki), 大祥(だいしょう) (daishō)
* 発祥(はっしょう) (hasshō)
* 不祥(ふしょう) (fushō)
* 福(ふく)祥(しょう) (fukushō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 祥
* しょう Grade: S
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 祥 (kyūjitai)
/sɨau/ → /sʲɨɔː/ → /sjɔː/ → /sjoː/
From Middle Chinese 祥 (MC zjang).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

祥(しょう) • (shō)
* an omen of good fortune or happiness
    Synonyms: 吉兆 (kitchō), 瑞兆 (zuichō)
* a sign of good or bad luck
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms

* 祥(しょう)月(つき) (shōtsuki)

#### Proper noun

祥(しょう) • (Shō)
* a male given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 祥
* さが Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 祥 (kyūjitai)
Attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
Cognate with 性 (saga, “one's nature, destiny”).

#### Alternative forms

* 前兆

#### Noun

祥(さが) • (saga)
* (archaic) a sign, omen

### References

* ↑ “祥”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

祥 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang, Yale sang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

祥: Hán Nôm readings: tường
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.