# घटना
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡʱəʈ.nɑː/, [ɡʱɐʈ.näː]

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit घटना (ghaṭanā). Compare to Bengali ঘটনা (ghôṭôna).

#### Noun

घटना • (ghaṭnā) f (Urdu spelling گَھٹْنَا)
* event, occurrence
* incident
* accident

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

* Hindi verb set
* घटना (ghaṭnā)
* घटाना (ghaṭānā)
* घटवाना (ghaṭvānā)
Inherited from Old Hindi घटना (ghaṭanā), from Prakrit घट्टइ (ghaṭṭaï, “to be ruined, *to decrease or be wanting”). See there for more.

#### Verb

घटना • (ghaṭnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling گَھٹْنَا)
* to decrease, to decline, to dwindle
* to be lost, reduced, lowered

##### Conjugation

$^1$The forms घटिये (ghaṭiye) and घटियेगा (ghaṭiyegā) can also be spelled without the y: घटिए (ghaṭie) and घटिएगा (ghaṭiegā).

### Further reading

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “घटना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 167.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “घटना”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “घटना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1379
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “घटना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 283
* Platts, John T. (1884) “घटना”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 931
* “घटना”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ghaṭṭati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 238

## Old Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ghaṭṭaï), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ghaṭṭati). Cognate with Old Punjabi ਘਟਿ (ghaṭi /⁠ghaṭṭi⁠/).

### Verb

घटना (ghaṭanā)
* to be missing, be less
** c. 1420, Kabīr, Kabīr Vāṇī 206.2:तुलह न तोली गजाह न मापी, पहजन सेर अढाई अढाई मौंहि जे पाव घटइ, तौ करकच करै बजहाईtulaha na tolī gajāha na māpī, pahajana sera aḍhāī aḍhāī ma͠uhi je pāva ghaṭai, tau karakaca karai bajahāī[the weaver] did not weigh [the fabric] on a scale, did not measure [the length] in gaz [it was] approximately two and half ser; if in two and half [ser] one quarter is missing, the remainder/fragment complains

#### Descendants

* Braj: घटन (ghaṭan)
* Hindustani:
    Hindi: घटना (ghaṭnā)
    Urdu: گَھٹْنَا (ghaṭnā)

### Further reading

* Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 530
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ghaṭṭati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 238

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ঘটনা (Assamese script)
* ᬖᬝᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
* ঘটনা (Bengali script)
* 𑰑𑰘𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀖𑀝𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ဃဋနာ (Burmese script)
* ઘટના (Gujarati script)
* ਘਟਨਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌘𑌟𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦓꦛꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂐𑂗𑂢𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಘಟನಾ (Kannada script)
* ឃដនា (Khmer script)
* ຆຏນາ (Lao script)
* ഘടനാ (Malayalam script)
* ᢚᠠᢞᠠᠨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘑𑘘𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠾᠠᢌᠠᠨᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦱𑦸𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐑𑐚𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଘଟନା (Odia script)
* ꢕꢜꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆔𑆛𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖑𑖘𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
* ඝටනා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩟𑩦𑩯𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚍𑚔𑚝𑚭 (Takri script)
* க⁴டநா (Tamil script)
* ఘటనా (Telugu script)
* ฆฏนา (Thai script)
* གྷ་ཊ་ནཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒒𑒙𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨎𑨔𑨝𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Feminine form of घटन (ghaṭana, “connection or union with”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɡʱɐ.ʈɐ.n̪ɑː/

### Noun

घटना • (ghaṭanā) stem, f (Classical Sanskrit)
* exertion, motion, acting, manner of acting
* striving after, being occupied or busy with
* taking effect, answering, accomplishment
* connection, union with
* (= °ट) a troop (of elephants)
* a literary composition
* a work consisting of
* happening, occurring, occurrence, event, incident, phenomenon

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: ঘটনা (ghôṭôna) (learned)
* → Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: घटना (ghaṭnā)
    Urdu: گَھٹْنَا (ghaṭnā)
* → Telugu: ఘటన (ghaṭana), ఘటనము (ghaṭanamu)
* → Punjabi: (learned)
    Gurmukhi script: ਘਟਨਾ (ghaṭnā)
    Shahmukhi script: گَھٹْنَا (ghaṭnā)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “घटना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 375/2.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “घटना”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan