# वचन
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वचन (vácana).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋə.t͡ʃən/, [ʋɐ.t͡ʃɐ̃n]

### Noun

वचन • (vacan) m (Urdu spelling وچن)
* promise, word, oath, vow
    वह अपने वचन पर अटल है।vah apne vacan par aṭal hai.He is resolute in his promise.
    यहाँ मेरा वचन शासन है। ― yahā̃ merā vacan śāsan hai. ― Here, my word is law.
* word, utterance, speech
    मेरे तीक्ष्ण वचन सुनकर, वह भाग गया।mere tīkṣṇa vacan sunkar, vah bhāg gayā.On hearing my harsh words, he ran away.

#### Synonyms

* (utterance): उक्ति (ukti)
* (promise): वादा (vādā)
* (promise): इकरार (ikrār)

#### Derived terms

* वचन देना (vacan denā)
* वचन निभाना (vacan nibhānā)
* वचन तोड़ना (vacan toṛnā)

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “वचन”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘪𑘓𑘡 (vacana), from Sanskrit वचन (vacana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋə.t͡ɕən/

### Noun

वचन • (vacan) m
* promise, word, assurance, vow
    मी तुला वचन देतो की मी त्याला सुरक्षित घरी आणेन.mī tulā vacan deto kī mī tyālā surakṣit gharī āṇen.I promise you that I will bring him home safely.
* pithy, saying, aphorism
    Synonym: म्हण (mhaṇ)

#### Derived terms

* वचनबद्ध (vacanbaddha)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वचन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* vacana (Latin script)
* 𑀯𑀘𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ৰচন (Bengali script)
* වචන (Sinhalese script)
* ဝစန or ဝၸၼ (Burmese script)
* วจน or วะจะนะ (Thai script)
* ᩅᨧᨶ (Tai Tham script)
* ວຈນ or ວະຈະນະ (Lao script)
* វចន (Khmer script)
* 𑅇𑄌𑄚 (Chakma script)

### Noun

वचन n
* Devanagari script form of vacana (“utterance”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱচন (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬘᬦ (Balinese script)
* বচন (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰓𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀘𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ဝစန (Burmese script)
* વચન (Gujarati script)
* ਵਚਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌚𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦕꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂒𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ವಚನ (Kannada script)
* វចន (Khmer script)
* ວຈນ (Lao script)
* വചന (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠠᢜᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘓𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠠᢋᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑦳𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐔𑐣 (Newa script)
* ଵଚନ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢗꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆖𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖓𑖡 (Siddham script)
* වචන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩡𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚏𑚝 (Takri script)
* வசந (Tamil script)
* వచన (Telugu script)
* วจน (Thai script)
* ཝ་ཙ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒔𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨣𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From the root वच् (vac, “to speak”) +‎ -अन (-ana).

### Adjective

वचन • (vácana) stem
* speaking
* eloquent

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### Noun

वचन • (vácana) stem, n
* speaking, utterance (Sāṃkhyak.)
* pronunciation (Pāṇ., Prāt.)
* statement, mention (AitBr., ŚBr., Pāṇ.)
* speech, sentence, word (Mn., MBh., etc.)
* grammatical rule (Kāś.)
* instruction, order (MBh., Kāv., etc.)
* sound, voice (APrāt., Megh., Hit.)
* (grammar) number (Pāṇ., Vop.)
* promise
* rumor (L.)
* dry ginger (L.)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬𑀡 (vayaṇa)
** Assamese: বানা (bana)
* → Hindi: वचन (vacan) (learned)
* → Kannada: ವಚನ (vacana)
* → Old Javanese: wacana
** > Javanese: ꦮꦕꦤ (wacana) (inherited)
*** → Indonesian: wacana
**** → Malay: wacana
** → Balinese: ᬯᬘᬦ (wacana)
* → Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘓𑘡 (vacana)
** Marathi: वचन (vacan)
* Pali: vacana
** → Khmer: វចន (vaccaʼnaʼ)
** → Thai: พจน์ (pót)
* → Telugu: వచనము (vacanamu)
* → Tamil: வசனம் (vacaṉam)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “वचन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0912.