OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# għerusija
## Maltese
### Etymology

Derived from għarus, from Arabic عَرُوس (ʕarūs), with the common measure for abstract nouns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ.ruˈsiː.ja/
* IPA: /ɛˤː.ruˈsiː.ja/ (archaic)

### Noun

għerusija f (plural għerusiji or għerusijiet)
* betrothal
# promissive
## English
### Adjective

promissive (comparative more promissive, superlative most promissive)
* Making or implying a promise; promising.
** 1844, Edward Polhill, The Divine Will Considered in Its Eternal Decrees, page 191:I answer, that the word may be considered under a double notion, either as it is operative of faith, or as it is promissive of rest to believers: take it as operative of faith, and so it profits, not being mixed with faith, otherwise faith could not come by hearing, as the apostle asserts, (Rom. x. 17); but take it as promissive of rest to believers, and so it doth not profit, not being mixed with faith; that is, faith, which is the condition of the promise, not being performed, the eternal rest, which is the thing promised, cannot belong to them: and this is clearly the apostle's meaning;
** 1847, John Johnson, Theological Works, page 136:The performing of the promises cancelled the promissive words; for if they were yet promissive, then what was promised is not performed; this was promised by certain signs. Those promissive signs are cancelled, because the promissive Verity is exhibited.
** 1977, Mitsubishi Kasei Seimei Kagaku Kenkyūjo, Annual Report - Volume 6, page 48:The group of substnces which binds and effects the physiology of the biomembrane is promissive in relation with its effect against cancer, on immune system, cell differentiation and aging.
* (grammar) Implying that the speaker intends to do something or guarantees something.
** 1862, Robert Gordon Latham, The English Language, page 622:Changing the expression—shall is predictive, and will is promissive in the first person only; whereas, in the second and third, will is predictive, and shall promissive.
** 2019, EunHee Lee, Korean Syntax and Semantics, page 116:As we will see, Korean also has promissive and propositive speech act sentence particles, which encode commitment and suggestion, respectively, and exclamative/mirative, indicating a surprise.
** 2021, R. G. Latham, The English Language:Shall is simply predictive; will is predictive and promissive as well.

### Noun

promissive (plural promissives)
* (grammar) A promissive mood, phrase, word, or inflection.
** 2018, Simeon Floyd, Elisabeth Norcliffe, Lila San Roque, Egophoricity, page 427:The promissive presumably belongs with informant subjects because we can assert a special kind of commitment concerning our own future actions; or, in a question, ask for this commitment from the addressee.
** 2018, Jiun-Shiung Wu, Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese:The answer to the first question is negative: yídìng cannot express strong epistemic necessity in an imprative or a promissive.
** 2019, Korean, Ho-min Sohn:In addition to the four major sentence types, there are minor sentence types which are marked by distinct sentence-enders, in particular, promissive, apperceptive, exclamative, and premonitive.

### Anagrams

* improvises
# راحيل
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew רָחֵל (rakhél).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raː.ħiːl/

### Proper noun

رَاحِيل • (rāḥīl) f
* a female given name, equivalent to English Rachel,
* (Judaism, Islam) Rachel, the second wife of Jacob and the mother of Joseph
# kestää
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kestädäk. Cognates include Estonian kestma, Karelian kesteä and Ludian kestädä. Ultimately possibly of either Baltic origin (*kenst-, compare Lithuanian kę̃sti) or alternatively from keski-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkestæːˣ/, [ˈk̟e̞s̠tæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -estæː
* Hyphenation: kes‧tää

### Verb

kestää
* (transitive) to cope, stand, withstand, endure, hold up
    Talo kesti myrskyn.The house withstood the storm.
* (intransitive) to last, take, endure
    Kuinka kauan se kestää?How long does it take?
    Ei siinä kestä kauaa.It won't take long.
* (transitive, usually atelic) to tolerate, stand
    En kestä häntä enää!I can't stand him anymore!
* to resist (withstand actions or effects of)
** 1977, “Kaiken Sulle Antaisin”, Juha Vainio (lyrics), Veikko Samuli (music), performed by Danny & Armi:—Liekkiin kosketus sun kuumaan saa —En voi kestää enää kauempaa—A touch lights you up like a hot flame —I cannot resist any longer

#### Derived terms

* kestittää
* kesto
* kestäminen
* kestämä
* kestämätön
* kestävä

### References

* ↑ Sgr.fi
* ↑ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kestää”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

### Further reading

* “kestää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* käestä
# blue state
## English
### Etymology

Compound of blue +‎ state. From the color blue representing the Democratic Party of the United States, and being a state (“subnational division, province”) that votes Democratic.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

blue state (plural blue states)
* (idiomatic, US politics) A state of the United States voting Democratic in a given election, or tending to vote Democratic in general.

#### Translations
### See also

* green state
* purple state
* red state
* Appendix:American Dialect Society words of the year

### Anagrams

* betulates
# Σόλωνι
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /só.lɔː.ni/ → /ˈso.lo.ni/ → /ˈso.lo.ni/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /só.lɔː.ni/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈso.lo.ni/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈso.lo.ni/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈso.lo.ni/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈso.lo.ni/

### Proper noun

Σόλωνῐ • (Sólōnĭ)
* dative singular of Σόλων (Sólōn)
# cry room
## English
### Noun

cry room (plural cry rooms)
* A room set aside for people to take their crying babies.
    Synonym: crying room
* A safe space in a school or university for distressed students who wish to cry.
    Synonym: crying room
** 2018, Bradley Campbell, Jason Manning, The Rise of Victimhood Culture (page xviii)
    University students in particular became a target for derision. A Republican lawmaker in Iowa, who accused protesters of throwing "temper tantrums," introduced a bill called "Suck it up, Buttercup," which would levy fines against state schools that offered "cry rooms" and other election-specific counseling services (David 2016; Hoover 2016).
** 2024, Dr. Michael D. Howard, A Legacy Worth Fighting For, page 9:[…] students could not “deal” with what had just happened. These same colleges and universities found themselves installing “cry rooms” and “safe places” where students could go to be alone with their emotions. Give me a break!
# учений
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊˈt͡ɕenʲɪj]

### Noun

уче́ний • (učénij) n inan pl
* genitive plural of уче́ние (učénije)
* genitive plural of уче́нье (učénʹje)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From учити (učyty) +‎ -ений (-enyj)

### Alternative forms

* вче́ний (včényj) (adjective, noun)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊˈt͡ʃɛnei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Participle

уче́ний • (učényj) impf
* past passive participle of учи́ти (učýty)

#### Declension
### Adjective

уче́ний • (učényj) (adverb уче́но, abstract noun уче́ність)
* learned, scholarly, erudite
* academic, scientific

#### Declension
### Noun

уче́ний • (učényj) m pers (genitive уче́ного, nominative plural уче́ні, genitive plural уче́них, feminine уче́на) (nominalized)
* scholar, scientist
    Synonym: науко́вець m (naukóvecʹ)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “учений”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “учений”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “учений”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “учений”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# għib
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛjp/, /ajp/
** IPA: /əˤjp/ (archaic)
** IPA: /ɣiːp/ (archaic, rustic)
* Homophone: għajb (one pronunciation)

### Verb

għib
* singular imperative of għeb
# spareless
## English
### Etymology

From spare +‎ -less.

### Adjective

spareless (comparative more spareless, superlative most spareless)
* (archaic) Unsparing.
** 1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “(please specify the page)”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC:Too - soon expose thee not , to Sisters - spareless
** 1841, The Lyre: Fugitive Poetry of the Nineteenth Century, page 100:When all the friends that blessed his prime, Were vanished like a morning dream; Plucked one by one by spareless Time, And scatteredin oblivion's stream;
** 1841, John Fitchett, Robert Roscoe, King Alfred: A Poem, page 455:But Hubba, at his early death incensed, Swell'd into fury: with supernal strength Burst the closed gates: struck by his spareless sword, Alas! mid echoing screams and groans, o'er all Those hallow'd aisles, unnumber'd victims fell, Whom with a voice of thunder Hubba sent Cursing to Hela
* Lacking a spare tire.
** 1957, Product Engineering - Volume 28, page 210:However, until the spareless car gains acceptance, spare tires will be provided on all the passenger cars.
** 1970 December, Richard Day, “How to Set Up and Run Your Own Wheel/Tire Upkeep Center”, in Popular Science:The purpose of your tire-patch package is to keep you on the road and keep you from being spareless after a puncture-flat.
** 1973, John J. Byrne, Africa on Wheels: A Scrounger's Guide to Motoring in Africa, page 34:Since I carried only one spare, I had many an anxious moment running spareless on bald rubber .
** 2003, Car and Driver - Volume 48, page 13:A more reliable, spareless solution is the run-flat tire.

### Anagrams

* sales reps, spearless
# население
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐsɛˈlɛniɛ]

### Noun

населе́ние • (naselénie) n
* population

#### Declension
### References

* “население”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “население”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nasɛˈlɛni(j)ɛ]

### Noun

население • (naselenie) n
* population

#### Declension
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* населе́нiе (naselénije) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

From насели́ть (naselítʹ) +‎ -ение (-enije).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nəsʲɪˈlʲenʲɪje]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -enʲɪɪ̯ə

### Noun

населе́ние • (naselénije) n inan (genitive населе́ния, nominative plural населе́ния, genitive plural населе́ний)
* population, inhabitants
    на ду́шу населе́ния ― na dúšu naselénija ― per capita (of the population)
    самоде́ятельное населе́ние ― samodéjatelʹnoje naselénije ― active/working population
* peopling, settling

#### Related terms

* населя́ть impf (naseljátʹ)
* перенаселе́ние n (perenaselénije)

#### Descendants

* → Yakut: нэһилиэнньэ (nehiliennye, “village”)
# suwar
## English
### Etymology 1

From the Arabic سُوَر (suwar), the plural form of سُورَة (sūra), whence sura.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈsʊwaɹ/

#### Noun

suwar
* plural of sura
** 1985, Kristina Nelson, The Art of Reciting the Qurʾan, Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press (2001), →ISBN, chapter 2: “Tajwīd”, page 25:
    Most of these essentially uninflected syllables (CV̄C) are names of the letters of the alphabet and introduce some of the suwar of the Qurʾanic text.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

suwar (plural suwars)
* Alternative form of sowar

## Tiruray
### Noun

suwar
* thorn
# horsedung
## English
### Etymology

From horse +‎ dung.

### Noun

horsedung (uncountable)
* (informal, mildly vulgar) Rubbish; nonsense; bullshit.
    Synonyms: horsecrap, horseshit
* (literally) Horse feces.
    Synonyms: horsecrap, horseshit
** 1841, Jesse Buel, The Farmers' Instructor. Consisting of Essays, Practical Directions, and Hints for the Management of the Farm and the Garden. Originally Published in the Cultivator; Selected and Revised for the School District Library‎, volume 1, Harper and Brothers, page 132:The dung of horses, for example, is more susceptible of quick fermentation than that of oxen. When the stable, therefore, opens upon a common yard, the horsedung should not be suffered to accumulate in a mass about the stable door, but spread abroad upon the heap.
** 1867, Chemical News, page 307:During the last twelve months many analyses have been made in my laboratory of the mud from the City thoroughfares, with the view of ascertaining the relative proportions of horsedung to the matter from the abraded stones and iron […]
# Græcism
## English
### Noun

Græcism (countable and uncountable, plural Græcisms)
* Obsolete spelling of Grecism.

### Anagrams

* Megarics, grimaces, misgrace
# sherrify
## English
### Etymology

From sherry +‎ -ify.

### Verb

sherrify (third-person singular simple present sherrifies, present participle sherrifying, simple past and past participle sherrified)
* (wine) To oxidize.
    Synonym: maderize
** 1944, Maynard Andrew Amerine, Albert Julius Winkler, Composition and Quality of Musts and Wines of California Grapes (page 640)
    The other red sweet wines, however, have been unbalanced, very deficient in color, and apt to oxidize or sherrify at an early age.

#### Related terms

* sherrification
# ger sig av
## Swedish
### Verb

ger sig av
* present indicative of ge sig av
# għeżula
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛˈzuː.la/
** IPA: /ɛˤːˈzuː.la/ (archaic)
** IPA: /ɣɛˈzuː.la/ (archaic, rustic)

### Noun

għeżula
* plural of għażel
# McCarthy
## English
### Alternative forms

* Mc Carthy, Mccarthy, MacCarthy, Mac Carthy, Maccarthy, M'Carthy, MaCarthy, Macarthy, Carthy
* McCarty

### Etymology

Borrowed from Irish Mac Carthaigh (literally “son of Carthach”).

### Proper noun

McCarthy (countable and uncountable, plural McCarthys or McCarthies)
* A surname from Irish.
** 1998 October 11, Laurie Goodstein, “Miracle in Massachusetts Qualified Stein for Sainthood”, in The New York Times‎:The McCarthys say they did not wish to publicize the incident, but the Catholic newspaper in Maine heard about it and wrote an article.
** 2019, Joe Trotta, Zlatan Filipovic, Houman Sadri, Broken Mirrors, page 1995:Life is finally loose, one could say, liberated from its social constrains and sincere in its necessities, its insistence and its arrogative demands, but McCarthy also reveals the implications of life's liberation and, by the same token, unmasks any misplaced romanticisations regarding its disavowal in the polis:
* A census-designated place in Copper River Census Area, Alaska, United States.

#### Derived terms

* Charlie McCarthy
* McCarthian, McCarthyan
* McCarthyesque
* McCarthyism
* McCarthyist
* McCarthyistic
* McCarthy's shrew
# ἀρχηγέτης
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἀρχᾱγέτας (arkhāgétas), ἀρκͱᾱγέτας (arkhāgétas) — Doric

### Etymology

From ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning”) +‎ ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”) +‎ -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.kʰɛː.ɡé.tɛːs/ → /ar.çiˈʝe.tis/ → /ar.çiˈʝe.tis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ar.kʰɛː.ɡé.tɛːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ar.kʰe̝ˈɡe.te̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ar.çiˈʝe.tis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ar.çiˈʝe.tis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ar.çiˈʝe.tis/

### Noun

ἀρχηγέτης • (arkhēgétēs) m (genitive ἀρχηγέτου); first declension
* founding leader/chieftain, original author, founder
* title of Apollo
* prince, chief, governor

#### Related terms

* ἀρχηγέτις (arkhēgétis)

#### Descendants

* → German: Archeget
* → Italian: archegete

### References

* “ἀρχηγέτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἀρχηγέτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἀρχηγέτης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀρχηγέτης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. author idem, page 53.founder idem, page 341.originator idem, page 580.prime idem, page 640.prince idem, page 641.progenitor idem, page 653.
* Archegetes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# horsecrap
## English
### Etymology

From horse +‎ crap.

### Noun

horsecrap (uncountable)
* (informal, mildly vulgar) Rubbish; nonsense; bullshit.
    Synonyms: horsedung, horseshit
** 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Noveria:Maeko Matsuo: This is an unscheduled arrival. I need your credentials. Shepard: I'm a Spectre. My name is Shepard. Kaira Stirling: Load of horsecrap, ma'am. Maeko Matsuo: We will need to confirm that.
* (literally) Horse feces.
    Synonyms: horseshit, horsedung

### Anagrams

* sharecrop
# junglize
## English
### Etymology

From jungle +‎ -ize.

### Verb

junglize (third-person singular simple present junglizes, present participle junglizing, simple past and past participle junglized)
* To make jungle-like.
** 1952, Alfred Elton Van Vogt, Mission: Interplanetary, page 173:It began to junglize planets as a matter of course because primeval worlds provided the most life force.
** 2002, Richard Foerster, “Hummingbird Exhibit”, in Double Going: Poems, page 34:Adjusting each time to their junglized air becomes a matter of will, a shedding of self-consciousness, a necessary fall back to naked glee, the kind children have at first sighting these quasi-prelapsarian birds.
** 2019, Kladi, Plant Therapy: In Illustrated Guide to Taking Care of Indoor Plants:This first little volume, was created with the hope to help nursing the unaware victims of this trend: plants! Plant Therapy aims to support beginners and to inspire professionals who "junglize" their homes, shops or offices; it's a precious ally in creating the perfect indoor environment for all types of plants, using heat, shade, humidity or ventilation, making it possible for plants to thrive.
* (music) To incorporate elements of jungle (precursor of drum and bass), such as rhythmic complexity, energetic beats, and heavy basslines.
** 1998, The Music of Billy May: A Discography, page 4:He had a remarkably wild band, really Ellington-oriented but more junglized. "
** 2001 February, “Mad Professor”, in CMJ New Music Monthly, number 90, page 71:Working in Britain may distance him from the latest developments in Jamaican dancehall, but it keeps the Prof hip to the latest trends from clubland: Fraser's late-'90s output includes plenty of junglized ragga and Trix In The Mix finds him venturing into two-step garage.
** 2013, Simon Reynolds, Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture:But in London itself, garage actually regressed a bit, reverting to what the music sounded like before the prefix 'speed' got added to it: a de-junglized sound known as 'urban house' and then simply 'funky house'.
* (racist, offensive) To incorporate elements of African-American culture.
** 1957, “Junglizing Our Youth”, in The Cross and the Flag, volume 15, page 8:Every sensible adult has observed the attempts being made to junglize our American youngsters .
** 1991, Andrew Frank Johnson, Brian A. Jenkins, The Old Right, the New Right, and the State, page 43:He would copy "the South African plan of apartheid," "imprison all anarchists and traitors on the order of Stokely Carmichael and Rap Brown," and "declare martial law in a least twenty of our great junglized cities ."

#### Derived terms

* junglization
# chocoholic
## English
### Etymology

From chocolate +‎ -holic.

### Noun

chocoholic (plural chocoholics)
* Someone who has such a liking for chocolate that they appear to be addicted to it.
    Synonym: chocomaniac
** 1983, Betty Fussell, Masters of American Cookery, University of Nebraska Press, published 2005, →ISBN, part 3, 367:Chocoholics are confessing at the rate of the nuns of Loudon to demonic possession.

#### Related terms

* chocoholism

#### Translations
### Adjective

chocoholic (comparative more chocoholic, superlative most chocoholic)
* Addicted or seemingly addicted to chocolate; characteristic of a chocoholic.
** 2008 February 16, Jess Cartner-Morley, “The family challenge”, in The Guardian:At tonight’s table, there are two couples, both here because the man had bought the session for his chocoholic partner as a present […]
** 2014, Suzanne Loudermilk Haughey, “What’s In a Name?” baltimoremagazine.net, 5 June, 2014,
    A wedge of chocolate-ganache cake with Kahlua and whipped cream will satisfy any chocoholic cravings.

### See also

* chocoholic on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# chashu
## English
### Noun

chashu (uncountable)
* A Japanese variant of char siu, made from pork or other meat slowly braised and seasoned with soy sauce, saké, mirin, etc.

#### Related terms

* char siu

## Spanish
### Noun

chashu m (uncountable)
* char siu
# 烏鱙仔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o͘-liâu-á
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘-liâu-á
*** Tâi-lô: oo-liâu-á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oliau'ar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

### Noun

烏鱙仔
* (Xiamen Hokkien) Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus)

#### Synonyms

* 日本鯷／日本鳀 (rìběntí)
# Płońsk
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Polish Płońsk.

### Proper noun

Płońsk
* A town in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.

## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpwɔɲsk/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲsk
* Syllabification: Płońsk

### Proper noun

Płońsk m inan
* Płońsk (a town in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)

#### Derived terms

* płoński
* płońszczanin
* płońszczanka

### Further reading

* Płońsk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Płońsk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ᨕᨗᨀᨚ
## Makasar
### Noun

ᨕᨗᨀᨚ (transliteration needed)
* Lontara spelling of ingkong‎
# Grotianism
## English
### Etymology

Grotian +‎ -ism

### Noun

Grotianism (uncountable)
* An approach to international law introduced by Hugo Grotius (1583-1645).