# immune
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English, from Middle French immun, from Latin immūnis (“exempt from public service”), from in- (“not”) + mūnus (“service”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ɪˈmjuːn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːn

### Adjective

immune (comparative more immune, superlative most immune)
* (usually with "from") Exempt; not subject to.
    As a diplomat, you are immune from prosecution.
** 1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days‎:He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.
** 2019 September 3, David Karpf, “Bret Stephens Compared Me to a Nazi Propagandist in the New York Times. It Proved My Point.”, in Esquire‎:Bret Stephens believed that, by virtue of his comfortable position at the New York Times, he ought to be immune from insult or criticism.
* (medicine, usually with "to") Protected by inoculation, or due to innate resistance to pathogens.
    I am immune to chicken pox.
* (by extension) Not vulnerable.
    Alas, he was immune to my charms.
** 1959 June, “The opening of the Colchester-Walton-Clacton electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 306:[...] most of the original electrical signalling equipment has had to be replaced by apparatus immune to 50-cycle currents.
* (medicine) Of or pertaining to immunity.
    immune system
    We examined the patient's immune response.
** 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

#### Antonyms

* susceptible
* vulnerable

#### Derived terms

* acquired immune deficiency syndrome
* alloimmune
* autoimmune
* auto-immune
* cell-mediated immune response
* chemoimmune
* cryoimmune
* dysimmune
* gastrimmune
* gay-related immune deficiency
* hematoimmune
* heteroimmune
* homoimmune
* hyperimmune
* hypoimmune
* immune cell
* immune complex
* immune deficiency
* immune evasion, immunevasion
* immune privilege
* immune reaction
* immune response
* immune system
* lymphoimmune
* neuroimmune
* nonimmune
* osteoimmune
* pauci-immune
* postimmune
* radioimmune
* seroimmune
* unimmune
* xenoimmune

#### Translations
### Noun

immune (plural immunes)
* (epidemiology) A person who is not susceptible to infection by a particular disease
** 1965, Rene J. Dubos, James G. Hirsch, editors, Bacterial and Mycotic Infections of Man‎, page 742:Susceptibles effectively exposed to cases become cases in the next time period; cases recovering from the infection accumulate as immunes.

#### Coordinate terms

* infective
* susceptible

### Verb

immune (third-person singular simple present immunes, present participle immuning, simple past and past participle immuned)
* (rare, transitive) To make immune.
** 1917, Thomas Hardy, In the Seventies:In the seventies those who met me did not know / Of the vision / That immuned me from the chillings of mis-prision […]
** 1905, American Veterinary Medical Association, Journal, volume 29, page 42:The utilization of such milk will, however, necessitate an adaptable milk preservation method, through which the immuning agents will not be destroyed or diminished.

### References

* “immune”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* Immune system on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin immūnis (“exempt from public service”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [imˈmu.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [imˈmu.ne]

### Adjective

immune m or f (masculine and feminine plural immunes)
* immune

#### Synonyms

* (not subject to an obligation): exempte
* (possessing immunity): invulnerable

#### Derived terms

* autoimmune
* immunitzar

#### Related terms

* immunitari
* immunitat

### Further reading

* “immune” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

immune
* inflection of immun:
** strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
** strong nominative/accusative plural
** weak nominative all-gender singular
** weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin immūnis (“exempt from public service”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /imˈmu.ne/
* Rhymes: -une
* Hyphenation: im‧mù‧ne

### Adjective

immune (plural immuni)
* immune, exempt, free, unscathed
    Synonyms: esente, libero

#### Related terms

* immunità
* immuno-

## Latin
### Adjective

immūne
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of immūnis

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Adjective

immune
* definite singular and plural of immun

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Adjective

immune
* definite singular and plural of immun