# 結合
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiéhé
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): git$^3$ hap$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiet-ha̍p / kiat-ha̍p
    (Hailu, HRS): gied hab$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giad$^5$ hab$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): geh$^6$ hah$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-ha̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gag$^4$ hah$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiéhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiéhé
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$-ho$^2$
*** Yale: jyé-hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyeher
*** Palladius: цзехэ (czexɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$結合 / 结合 結核 / 结核
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: git$^3$ hap$^6$
*** Yale: git hahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: git$^8$ hap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gid$^3$ heb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːt̚³ hɐp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet-ha̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: gied$^ˋ$ hab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giad$^5$ hab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚² hap̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat-ha̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: giad$^ˋ$ hab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giad$^5$ hab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚² hap̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gied hab$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiet⁵⁻² hap²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giad$^5$ hab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹ hap̚⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: geh$^6$ hah$^7$ [Phonetic: geh$^7$ hah$^7$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geh-ha̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ haʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: geh$^6$ hah$^7$ [Phonetic: geh$^7$ hah$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛʔ²⁻²⁴ haʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-ha̍p
*** Tâi-lô: kiat-ha̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiathap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gag$^4$ hah$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kak ha̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /kak̚²⁻⁴ haʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ket hop
Rime :
| Character | 結 | 合 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) | 合 (160) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 古屑切 | 侯閤切 |
| Baxter | ket | hop |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ket̚/ | /ɦʌp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ket̚/ | /ɦəp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛt̚/ | /ɣɒp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛt̚/ | /ɦəp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ket̚/ | /ɣᴀp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kiet̚/ | /ɣɒp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiet̚/ | /ɣăp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | git$^3$ | hap$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤi[t] m-kˤop/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kiːd ɡuːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 結 | 合 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jié | hé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ket › | ‹ hop › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁi[t]/ | /*m-kˁop/ |
| English | tie (v.) | come together; bring together |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 結 | 合 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5681 | 4970 |
| Phonetic component | 吉 | 合 |
| Rime group | 質 | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 結 | 合 |
| Old Chinese | /*kiːd/ | /*ɡuːb/ |

### Verb

結合
* to combine; to fuse; to link; to integrate
    把A和B結合起來／把A和B结合起来 ― bǎ A hé B jiéhé qǐlái ― to combine A with B
* to balance; to strike a balance; to keep in equilibrium
    勞逸結合／劳逸结合 ― láoyì jiéhé ― to strike a balance between work and life
* to be joined in wedlock

#### Synonyms

* (to combine):
* 交融 (jiāoróng)
* 整合 (zhěnghé)
* 統整 / 统整 (tǒngzhěng)
* 聯繫 / 联系 (liánxì)
* 融合 (rónghé)
* 融會 / 融会 (rónghuì)
* 複合 / 复合 (fùhé)
* 連繫 / 连系 (liánxì)
* (to balance): 平衡 (pínghéng)
* (to be joined in wedlock):
* 交姻 (American (–1980) Cantonese)
* 作對 / 作对 (zuòduì, “to pair off in marriage”)
* 匹偶 (pǐ'ǒu) (literary)
* 匹配 (pǐpèi)
* 娶 (of a man)
* 婚嫁 (hūnjià)
* 婚配 (hūnpèi)
* 嫁 (jià) (of a woman)
* 嫁娶 (jiàqǔ)
* 安家 (ānjiā) (figurative)
* 完婚 (wánhūn)
* 完成 (wánchéng) (literary)
* 成婚 (chénghūn)
* 成家 (chéngjiā) (of a man)
* 成親 / 成亲 (chéngqīn)
* 桃夭 (táoyāo) (literary)
* 𤆬 (“to take a wife”) (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min)
* 𤆬人 (Hokkien)
* 𤆬新娘 (“to take a wife”) (Min Nan)
* 𤆬新婦 / 𤆬新妇 (“to take a wife”)
* 結婚 / 结婚 (jiéhūn)
* 聯結 / 联结 (liánjié)

#### See also

* 接合 (jiēhé)
* 聯合／联合 (liánhé)

### Noun

結合
* combination; fusion; link; integration
* union; marriage

### Derived terms

* 公民結合 / 公民结合 (gōngmín jiéhé)
* 民事結合 / 民事结合 (mínshì jiéhé)
* 結合能 / 结合能 (jiéhénéng)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 結合(けつごう) (ketsugō)
* → Korean: 결합(結合) (gyeolhap)
* → Vietnamese: kết hợp (結合)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 結 | 合 |
| けつ Grade: 4 | ごう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ke̞t͡sɨɡo̞ː]

### Noun

結(けつ)合(ごう) • (ketsugō)
* combination; coupling; binding; bonding

### Verb

結(けつ)合(ごう)する • (ketsugō suru) suru (stem 結(けつ)合(ごう)し (ketsugō shi), past 結(けつ)合(ごう)した (ketsugō shita))
* combine, couple, unite

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 結合し | けつごうし | ketsugō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 結合し | けつごうし | ketsugō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 結合する | けつごうする | ketsugō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 結合する | けつごうする | ketsugō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 結合すれ | けつごうすれ | ketsugō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 結合せよ¹ 結合しろ² | けつごうせよ¹ けつごうしろ² | ketsugō seyo¹ ketsugō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 結合される | けつごうされる | ketsugō sareru |
| Causative | 結合させる 結合さす | けつごうさせる けつごうさす | ketsugō saseru ketsugō sasu |
| Potential | 結合できる | けつごうできる | ketsugō dekiru |
| Volitional | 結合しよう | けつごうしよう | ketsugō shiyō |
| Negative | 結合しない | けつごうしない | ketsugō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 結合せず | けつごうせず | ketsugō sezu |
| Formal | 結合します | けつごうします | ketsugō shimasu |
| Perfective | 結合した | けつごうした | ketsugō shita |
| Conjunctive | 結合して | けつごうして | ketsugō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 結合すれば | けつごうすれば | ketsugō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 結 | 合 |

### Noun

結合 • (gyeolhap) (hangeul 결합)
* hanja form of 결합 (“combination; fusion”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 結 | 合 |

### Verb

結合
* chữ Hán form of kết hợp (“to combine, to link up, to coordinate”).