# حریف
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرِيف (ḥarīf).

### Noun

حریف (härīf)
* comrade, colleague
* (late, derogatory) man

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: hərif
* Gagauz: erif
* Ottoman Turkish: حریف (herif, harif)
** Turkish: herif
** → Armenian: հարիֆ (harif)

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “herif”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish حریف (härīf), from Arabic حَرِيف (ḥarīf, “patron, client”).

#### Noun

حریف • (herif or harif) (definite accusative حریفی (herifi, harifi), plural حرفا (hurafa))
* colleague, coworker, workmate, a fellow member or associate of a profession, staff, academic faculty or other organization
    Synonym: مسلكداش (meslekdaş)
* comrade, mate, fellow, companion, associate, someone with whom one spends time or accompanies, a friend or partner
    Synonyms: آیاقداش (ayakdaş), رفیق (refik), قولداش (koldaş), همراه (hemrah), یولداش (yoldaş)
* (derogatory) guy, bloke, bud, fella, dude, chap, bugger, a derogatory term to address a man, especially an ordinary one

##### Derived terms

* حریفجك (herifcik, “dear little fellow”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: herif
* → Armenian: հարիֆ (harif)

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “حریف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 651
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “herif”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1935
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “harîf”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 394
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حریف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 504
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Socius”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1565
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حریف”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1752
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “herif”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حریف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 781

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf, “pungent, acrid”), perhaps from Aramaic חריף (ḥarrīp̄).

#### Adjective

حریف • (hirrif or harif)
* acrid, pungent, acrimonious, sharp and harsh, or bitter and not to the taste
    Synonym: كسكین (keskin)

##### Derived terms

* حریفیت (hirrifiyet, “acridity, pungency”)

#### Further reading

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حریف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 505
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Mordax”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1081
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حریف”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1752
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حریف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 781

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرِيف (ḥarīf).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ha.ˈɾiːf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.ɾíːf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.ɾíːf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.ɾíːf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.ɾíf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæ.ɹíːf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hä.ɾíf]

### Noun

حریف • (harif)
* rival, opponent; match
    Synonyms: مخالف (moxâlef), رقیب (raqib), دشمن (došman)
    حریف من نیست. ― harif-e man nist. ― He's not my match; he cannot compare to me.
* (archaic) partner, friend, comrade
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 11:نی حریف هر که از یاری برید پرده‌‌هایش پرده‌‌های ما دریدnay harīf-i har ki az yārē barīd parda-hā-yaš parda-hā-yi mā darīdThe reed is the comrade of every one who has been parted from a friend: its strains pierced our hearts.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Derived terms

* حریفی (harifi, “rivalry; belligerent”)