# warm
## English
### Alternative forms

* warme (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /wɔːm/
* (US) IPA: /wɔɹm/
** Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)m

### Etymology 1

From Middle English warm, werm, from Old English wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mo-s, from the root *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós) (in which case perhaps a distant doublet of thermos), Latin formus, Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá), or alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”), related to Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (warāni, “to burn”), Armenian վառել (vaṙel, “to burn, heat, warm”), Old Church Slavonic варити (variti, “to cook, boil”).

#### Adjective

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmest)
* Of a somewhat high temperature.
    The tea is still warm.
    This is a very warm room.
** 1863, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Herons of Elmwood:Warm and still is the summer night.
** 1985, Robert Ferro, Blue Star:It seemed I was too excited for sleep, too warm, too young.
* Friendly and with affection.
    We have a warm friendship.
* Having a color in the part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum between red and yellow-green.
* (informal) Close to a goal or correct answer.
    Earlier you were way off, but now you're getting warmer.
** 1876, William Black, “An Encounter”, in Madcap Violet. […], volume III, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 74:That was a further clue; and here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," as children say at blind-man's-buff, although, as a matter-of-fact, she had now been talking of George Miller at all.
* Fresh, of a scent; still able to be traced.
* (figurative) Communicating a sense of comfort, ease, or pleasantness.
    a warm piano sound
* (archaic) Ardent, zealous.
    a warm debate, with strong words exchanged
** 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “Song on May Morning”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC:Mirth, and youth, and warm desire!
** 1712 September 22 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “THURSDAY, September 11, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 481; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:They say he's a warm man and does not care to be made mouths at.The spelling has been modernized.
** 1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:
** 1776–1788, Edward Gibbon, chapter I, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:To the strength and fierceness of barbarians they added a contempt for life, which was derived from a warm persuasion of the immortality and transmigration of the soul.
** 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:I had been none of the warmest of partisans.
* (archaic, informal) Well off as to property, or in good circumstances; prosperous.
** 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC:You shall have a draught upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he is as warm a man as any within five miles round him.
** 1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 258:Mrs. and the Miss Cathcarts began to be considered as people of some consequence in the circle in which they moved, while he gradually obtained in the city the name of a warm man.
** 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:I know the Stuyvesant family —puff— every one of them —puff— not a more respectable family in the province —puff— old standards —puff— warm householders —puff— none of your upstarts
* (archaic) Requiring arduous effort.
** 1929, The Listener, numbers 41-50, page 552:The circular iron platform over there is used in the task of tyring the wheels, a warm job, too, by the way.

##### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:warm
* See also Thesaurus:affectionate
* See also Thesaurus:difficult

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “mild temperature”): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen
* (antonym(s) of “caring”): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen

##### Derived terms

* cold hands, warm heart
* lukewarm
* milk-warm
* muffin-warm
* piss-warm
* warm antibody
* warm as life
* warm as toast
* warm-blooded
* warm-bloodedness
* warm body
* warm boot
* warm dark matter
* warm front
* warm fuzzy
* warm hatch
* warmhearted, warm-hearted
* warm hose
* warm-hot intergalactic medium
* warm hub
* warm ionized medium
* warmish
* warm line
* warmly (adverb)
* warm prop
* warm regards
* warm space
* Warm Springs
* warm storage
* warm transfer
* warm up, warm-up
* warm-water port
* wet and warm

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* heated
* hot
* steamy
* temperature
* tepid

### Etymology 2

From Old English wierman.

#### Verb

warm (third-person singular simple present warms, present participle warming, simple past and past participle warmed)
* (transitive) To make or keep warm.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 44 44-Chapter-15/# 15::Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself.
** 1825, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus:enough to warm, but not enough to burn
* (intransitive) To become warm, to heat up.
    My socks are warming by the fire.
    The earth soon warms on a clear summer day.
* (intransitive) (sometimes in the form warm up) To favour increasingly. [with to]
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.
    He is warming to the idea.
    Her classmates are gradually warming to her.
* (ditransitive with to) To cause (someone) to favour (something) increasingly.
** 2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page xi:It is with no small degree of irony that I confess that immersing myself in an interdisciplinary project has warmed me to the seductions of disciplinary perspectives.
* (intransitive) To become ardent or animated.
    The speaker warms as he proceeds.
* (transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.
** 1717 November 20, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester
    there was a collection of all that had been written […] : I warmed my head with them.
** 1827, [John Keble], The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC:Bright hopes, that erst the bosom warmed.
* (transitive) To give emotional warmth to a person.
** 1886, Joseph Augustus Seiss, Right Life: Or, Candid Talks On Vital Themes:That is just the way God tells me this book is His Word. I read it, and it warms me and gives me light.
* (transitive, colloquial) To beat or spank.
** 1945, The Atlantic, volume 176, page 94:Not bothering to turn around and not missing a mouthful, Myrtle comforted her with threats of "I'll warm your bottom"; "I'll turn you over to your dad"; "I'll lock you in the truck"; "I'll send for the bogey man" — all of which Darleen ignored […]
* (transitive, colloquial) To scold or abuse verbally.
* (computing, transitive) To prepopulate (a cache) so that its contents are ready for other users.

##### Derived terms

* like death warmed over
* warm down
* warm over
* warm someone's heart
* warm the bench
* warm the cockles of someone's heart

##### Translations
#### Noun

warm (plural warms)
* (colloquial) The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a heating.
    Shall I give your coffee a warm in the microwave?
** 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:Sit ye down before the fire , my dear , and have a warm

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch warm, from Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

warm (attributive warm or (chiefly in figurative use) warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmste)
* warm
    Ek het ure lank in die warm water gelê.I lay in the warm water for hours.
    Ek het aan almal my warme dank uitgespreek.I expressed my warm thanks to all.
** 2016, “Dinge Raak Warm”, in Sal Jy Met My Dans?‎, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:Dinge raak warm.Things are getting warm.

#### Derived terms

* verwarm
* warmte

## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* woare, woarm, wore, wérme

### Etymology

From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm. Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.

### Adjective

warm
* (Formazza) warm

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English warm.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): wom$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wom$^1$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wom$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːm⁵⁵/

### Adjective

warm
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, of person, environment, family) warm (caring and loving)

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, of uncertain origin; derivations from either Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) or *wer- (“to burn”) have been proposed.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɑr(ə)m/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: warm
* Rhymes: -ɑrm
* Homophone: Warm

### Adjective

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmst)
* warm, hot
    Antonym: koud
* (meteorology, officially) 20 °C or more

#### Derived terms

* een warm hart toedragen
* warmbloedig
* warmhartig
* warmpjes
* warmte
* warmwater

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: warm
* Berbice Creole Dutch: warum
* Negerhollands: warm, werm

#### See also

* tropisch
* zomers

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German warm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /varm/, [vaʁm], [vaɐ̯m], [vaːm], [ʋ-]
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)

### Adjective

warm (strong nominative masculine singular warmer, comparative wärmer, superlative am wärmsten)
* warm; mildly hot
    Antonyms: kalt, kühl
* (of clothes) warm; keeping the wearer warm
* (of rental prices, chiefly adverbial or in compounds) including heating costs, water, and fees (electricity may or may not be included)
    Ich zahle 800 € warm für meine Wohnung.I pay €800 for my apartment, including utilities.
* (dated, except in warmer Bruder) gay, homosexual (mostly male)
    Synonym: schwul

#### Usage notes

* German warm means “warm”, but not “feeling warm”; therefore the phrase ich bin warm (literally “I am warm”) would mean that one’s body has a high temperature, particularly that one’s skin is warm on the outside. The English “I am warm” (that is: I feel warm) is equivalent to German mir ist warm (literally “to me it's warm”).
* Although warm (“gay”) is not in general use, this sense is current enough to make it advisable not to describe the relation between two men as warm (unless the implication is intended).

#### Derived terms

* anwärmen
* aufwärmen
* brühwarm
* erwärmen
* lauwarm
* Warmbad
* Warmblüter
* Wärme
* Wärmeenergie
* wärmen
* Wärmer
* warmer Bruder
* Warmmiete
* Warmwasser
* zimmerwarm

### Further reading

* “warm” in Duden online
* “warm” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm.

### Adjective

warm
* warm, hot
* warm, keeping the wearer warm (of clothes)
* warm (of emotions)

#### Alternative forms

* wāerm
* werm

#### Descendants

* Dutch: warm
** Afrikaans: warm
* Limburgish: werm
* West Flemish: werm

#### Further reading

* “warm”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “warm”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* warme, werm, wearm

### Etymology

From Old English wearm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /warm/, /wɛrm/

### Adjective

warm (plural and weak singular warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmest)
* (temperature) warm, mildly hot
* (weather) warm, pleasant, mild
* heated, warmed
* (locations or garments) having a tendency to be warm; designed to stay warm
* Being at a healthy temperature
* enthusiastic, vigourous

#### Descendants

* Scots: wairm
* English: warm

#### References

* “warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-26.

### Noun

warm
* warmness, heat

#### References

* “warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-26.

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *warm.

### Adjective

warm
* warm

#### Derived terms

* warmī

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: warm
** Alemannic German: warm
*** Italian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme
** Bavarian: borm
*** Cimbrian: barm
*** Mòcheno: bòrm
*** Udinese: borm, borbm, boarm
*** Viennese: wårm
** Central Franconian: wärm, warm
*** Hunsrik: waarem
** German: warm
** Luxembourgish: waarm
** Yiddish: וואַרעם (varem)

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *warm (“warm”).

### Adjective

warm (comparative warmoro, superlative warmost)
* warm

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: warm
** Low German: warm
** German Low German: warm