# franchise
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English franchise, fraunchise, from Old French franchise (“freedom”), a derivative of franc (“free”). More at frank.

#### Noun

franchise (countable and uncountable, plural franchises)
* The right to vote at a public election or referendum; see: suffrage.
* A right or privilege officially granted to a person, a group of people, or a company by a government.
** a. 1872, William H. Seward, debate
    Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the American people.
* An acknowledgment of a corporation's existence and ownership.
* The authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area.
    McDonald’s has exported its franchise.
* A business operating under such authorization, a franchisee.
** 2017, “Rockafella”, in The Art State, performed by Patricia Taxxon:What do you want from me, this evening's running out I'm looking to get out of this franchise in a flounce
* A legal exemption from jurisdiction.
* The membership of a corporation or state; citizenship.
* The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.
** 1810, “Franchise”, in James Millar, editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica:Churches and monasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals.
* (sports) The collection of organizations in the history of a sports team; the tradition of a sports team as an entity, extending beyond the contemporary organization.
    The Whalers' home city of Hartford was one of many for the franchise.
* (business, marketing) The positive influence on the buying behavior of customers exerted by the reputation of a company or a brand.
** 2000, John Philip Jones, Behind powerful brands: from strategy to campaign, page 80:Once a brand has established a consumer franchise and a brand image, it takes a long time for these to decay, as the image is maintained more by people's personal familiarity with and usage of the brand than by external marketing stimuli.
** 2002, Robert G. Hagstrom, The Essential Buffett: Timeless Principles for the New Economy, page 26:Warren Buffett teaches us that the best business to own, the one with the best long-term prospects is a franchise - one that sells a product or service that is needed or desired, has no close substitute, and yields profits that are unregulated.
** 2007, Jack L. Treynor, Treynor on institutional investing, page 354:Certain other industries have no plant. Value derives entirely from brand franchise. (Consulting firms, engineering firms, and advertising agencies do not talk about the value of their franchise. Instead, they talk about "reputation".)
* The loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular fictional universe, including literary, film, or television series from various sources, generally when all authorized by a copyright holder or similar authority.
    the Star Wars franchise
* Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty.
** 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Ye […] the love of ladies foule defame; To whom the world this franchise ever yeelded, That of their loves choise they might freedom clame.
* (obsolete) Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility.

##### Synonyms

* (business operating under franchise): franchisee, concession

##### Derived terms

* disfranchise
* effranchise
* franchisal
* franchisee
* franchise player
* franchiser
* franchise records
* franchisor
* microfranchise
* nonfranchise
* subfranchise

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English franchisen, fraunchisen, from Old French franchir (stem franchiss-, “to set free”), from franc (“free”). More at frank.

#### Verb

franchise (third-person singular simple present franchises, present participle franchising, simple past and past participle franchised)
* (transitive) To confer certain powers on; grant a franchise to; authorize.
** 2020 October 21, “Network News: No special agreements for open access operators”, in Rail, page 20:In a Commons Written Reply to Shadow Rail Minister Tan Dhesi, regarding any assessment of the impact on open access operators by the decision to move away from franchising […] , Heaton-Harris highlighted that non-franchised operators run trains without a contractual relationship with Government.
* (transitive, rare) To set free; invest with a franchise or privilege; enfranchise.
* (transitive) To give to others the rights to sell or distribute (goods or services).
** 1974 April 13, “Lavender Line: Near Complete”, in Gay Community News, page 3:The ad originators are planning to franchise the campaign to gay groups all across the country.
** 2008 December, James Matney, “Raise your glasses in lactoast to independent films”, in The Vox (The Spokesman-Review), page 3, column 1:This winter, there is a diverse buffet of movies for you to choose from. Most people order the widely franchised cheeseburger because of its biggie-sized portion, its reliably adequate flavor, and its bright, attractive packaging. Don’t get me wrong; on opening day, I’ll be sitting in the front row savoring the cheeseburgery deliciousness of “Quantum of Solace” and “Twilight.” But after the initial cinematic hunger subsides, the diner, like myself, who craves a heartier meal, will take a second trip through the buffet line and search for a meal with a more complex flavor and memorable substance.

##### Derived terms

* franchisability
* franchisable

##### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French franchise.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /frɑnˈʃi.zə/
* Hyphenation: fran‧chi‧se

#### Noun

franchise f (plural franchises)
* (law, finance) franchise (exemption from financial or legal obligation)
    Synonym: vrijstelling

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English franchise.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfrɛn.tʃɑi̯s/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: fran‧chi‧se

#### Noun

franchise f (plural franchises)
* (business) franchise (agreement between franchiser and franchisee)

##### Derived terms

* franchisegever
* franchisenemer

### Further reading

* franchise on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English franchise.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfræntʃɑi̯s/, [ˈfræn̪.t̪ʃɑ̝i̯s̠]
* Rhymes: -æntʃɑis
** final "e" becomes audible in the inflected forms and is pronounced as i /i/ in singular forms as well as in nominative plural and e /e/ in other plural forms. Otherwise the case suffixes are pronounced as in ordinary Finnish words. For example genitive singular becomes /ˈfrænt͡ʃɑisin/ and inessive plural /ˈfrænt͡ʃɑiseissɑ/. There may be considerable variation between individuals.

### Noun

franchise
* franchise (authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area)
    Synonym: luvake

#### Declension

Inflection of this word is challenging as it does not readily adapt to Finnish spelling conventions. In speech the pronouncing goes as if this was a "risti"-type noun with the exception that the final vowel in nominative singular is silent. In writing the original English spelling usually remains intact but there is variation in recording the case suffixes. Two options are shown below. The second one may look clumsy bit it eliminates guesswork from pronunciation. The part before apostrophe is pronounced as in English and the remainder as in Finnish.
Possessive forms of franchise (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
franchiseni
franchiseni
accusative
nom.
franchiseni
franchiseni
gen.
franchiseni
genitive
franchiseni
franchisejeni franchiseini $^{rare}$
partitive
franchiseani
franchisejani
inessive
franchisessani
franchiseissani
elative
franchisestani
franchiseistani
illative
franchiseeni
franchiseihini
adessive
franchisellani
franchiseillani
ablative
franchiseltani
franchiseiltani
allative
franchiselleni
franchiseilleni
essive
franchisenani
franchiseinani
translative
franchisekseni
franchiseikseni
abessive
franchisettani
franchiseittani
instructive
comitative
—franchiseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
franchisesi
franchisesi
accusative
nom.
franchisesi
franchisesi
gen.
franchisesi
genitive
franchisesi
franchisejesi franchiseisi $^{rare}$
partitive
franchiseasi
franchisejasi
inessive
franchisessasi
franchiseissasi
elative
franchisestasi
franchiseistasi
illative
franchiseesi
franchiseihisi
adessive
franchisellasi
franchiseillasi
ablative
franchiseltasi
franchiseiltasi
allative
franchisellesi
franchiseillesi
essive
franchisenasi
franchiseinasi
translative
franchiseksesi
franchiseiksesi
abessive
franchisettasi
franchiseittasi
instructive
comitative
—franchiseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
franchisemme
franchisemme
accusative
nom.
franchisemme
franchisemme
gen.
franchisemme
genitive
franchisemme
franchisejemme franchiseimme $^{rare}$
partitive
franchiseamme
franchisejamme
inessive
franchisessamme
franchiseissamme
elative
franchisestamme
franchiseistamme
illative
franchiseemme
franchiseihimme
adessive
franchisellamme
franchiseillamme
ablative
franchiseltamme
franchiseiltamme
allative
franchisellemme
franchiseillemme
essive
franchisenamme
franchiseinamme
translative
franchiseksemme
franchiseiksemme
abessive
franchisettamme
franchiseittamme
instructive
comitative
—franchiseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
franchisenne
franchisenne
accusative
nom.
franchisenne
franchisenne
gen.
franchisenne
genitive
franchisenne
franchisejenne franchiseinne $^{rare}$
partitive
franchiseanne
franchisejanne
inessive
franchisessanne
franchiseissanne
elative
franchisestanne
franchiseistanne
illative
franchiseenne
franchiseihinne
adessive
franchisellanne
franchiseillanne
ablative
franchiseltanne
franchiseiltanne
allative
franchisellenne
franchiseillenne
essive
franchisenanne
franchiseinanne
translative
franchiseksenne
franchiseiksenne
abessive
franchisettanne
franchiseittanne
instructive
comitative
—franchiseinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
franchisensa
franchisensa
accusative
nom.
franchisensa
franchisensa
gen.
franchisensa
genitive
franchisensa
franchisejensa franchiseinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
franchiseaan franchiseansa
franchisejaan franchisejansa
inessive
franchisessaan franchisessansa
franchiseissaan franchiseissansa
elative
franchisestaan franchisestansa
franchiseistaan franchiseistansa
illative
franchiseensa
franchiseihinsa
adessive
franchisellaan franchisellansa
franchiseillaan franchiseillansa
ablative
franchiseltaan franchiseltansa
franchiseiltaan franchiseiltansa
allative
franchiselleen franchisellensa
franchiseilleen franchiseillensa
essive
franchisenaan franchisenansa
franchiseinaan franchiseinansa
translative
franchisekseen franchiseksensa
franchiseikseen franchiseiksensa
abessive
franchisettaan franchisettansa
franchiseittaan franchiseittansa
instructive
comitative
—franchiseineen franchiseinensa :
Inflection of franchise (irregular)
singular
plural
nominative
franchise
franchise’it
genitive
franchise’in
franchise’ien
partitive
franchise’ia
franchise’eja
accusative
franchise franchise’in
franchise’it
inessive
franchise’issa
franchise’eissa
elative
franchise’ista
franchise’eista
illative
franchise’iin
franchise’eihin
adessive
franchise’illa
franchise’eilla
ablative
franchise’ilta
franchise’eilta
allative
franchise’ille
franchise’eille
essive
franchise’ina
franchise’eina
translative
franchise’iksi
franchise’eiksi
abessive
franchise’itta
franchise’eitta
instructive
franchise’ein
comitative
franchise’eineen :

#### Derived terms

* franchiseantaja
* franchiseottaja

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French franchise (“freedom, privileged liberty”), from franc (“free”) + -ise (from Latin -itia).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʁɑ̃.ʃiz/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Noun

franchise f (plural franchises)
* (archaic) liberty, freedom
    Synonym: liberté
* frankness, honesty
    Synonym: honnêteté
* (insurance) excess (UK), deductible (US)
* (business) franchise

#### Descendants

* → Polish: franczyza

### Verb

franchise
* inflection of franchiser:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “franchise”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* franchies, frenchais

## Middle English
### Noun

franchise
* freedom, franchise.
** late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parson's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, section 27, line 452:
    Certes, goodes of body been hele of body, as strengthe, delivernesse, beautee, gentrye, franchise.Certainly, goods of body are health of body, strength, agility, beauty, gentle birth, freedom.

## Old French
### Etymology

franc, franche +‎ -ise.

### Noun

franchise oblique singular, f (oblique plural franchises, nominative singular franchise, nominative plural franchises)
* freedom (quality of being free)
* nobleness; chivalry (quality of being noble or chivalrous)

#### Descendants

* → English: franchise
* French: franchise
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: franqueza
** Galician: franqueza
** Portuguese: franqueza

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English franchise.

### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐ̃ˈʃaj.zɨ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐ̃ˈʃaj.zɨ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐ̃ˈt͡ʃaj.zɨ/

### Noun

franchise m (plural franchises)
* franchise (business licensed to operate under a given business model and brand)
    Synonym: franquia

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English franchise. First attested in 1972.

### Noun

franchise c
* franchise (authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area)
* a franchise (franchisee)
    Synonym: franchisetagare
* a franchise (collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular fictional universe)
    Synonym: (often) serie

#### Usage notes

Might be considered Anglicisms by some in (sense 2) and (sense 3), but fairly common.

#### Derived terms

* franchiseföretag
* franchisebasis
* franchisetagare

#### Related terms

* franchising

### References

* franchise in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* franchise in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)