# 禽

| 禽 | U+79BD, &#31165; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BD |
| ← 禼 [U+79BC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禾 → [U+79BE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

禽 (Kangxi radical 114, 禸+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人卜山月 (OYUB), four-corner 8042$_7$, composition ⿱𠆢离)

#### Derived characters

* 噙 擒 檎 蠄
* 𠘅 𢢬 𤢌 𦡬 𥋼 𥼝 𦔟 𧴐 𨆓 𪒭 𣍗 𧈛
* 𮓄 𮮓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 848, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24893
* Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 199, character 4
* Unihan data for U+79BD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禽 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
In oracle bone inscriptions, pictogram (象形) of a net, originally the same character as 𠦒 and 畢. In bronze inscriptions, the phonetic component 今 (OC *krɯm) was added, making the character phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯm). This form was borrowed for its modern meaning, and the original meaning of "capture" came to be represented by 擒 (OC *ɡrɯm).
In the modern form, 今 has corrupted into 人 and 𠦒 into 离. Compare with 畢.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qín (qin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kam$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khîm
    (Hailu, HRS): kim
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khîm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kim$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qín
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cín
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$
*** Yale: chín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
*** Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kam$^4$
*** Yale: kàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: kim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰim²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kim
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰim⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
*** Tâi-lô: khîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiim
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kim$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰim⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jin
*** MiniDict: jin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
* Middle Chinese: gim
Rime :
| Character | 禽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨金切 |
| Baxter | gim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 禽 | 禽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qín | qín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gim › | ‹ gim › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/ | /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/ |
| English | bird; animal | catch, capture |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 禽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6607 |
| Phonetic component | 今 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 琴 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯm/ |

### Definitions

禽
* (literary) birds and beasts
* birds (as a general category); fowl
    禽流感 ― qínliúgǎn ― bird flu
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 擒 (“to capture; to catch”)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (birds): 鳥類／鸟类 (niǎolèi)

### Compounds

* 並禽 / 并禽
* 五禽戲 / 五禽戏
* 信禽
* 冤禽
* 匹禽
* 原禽 (yuánqín)
* 夜禽類 / 夜禽类
* 委禽
* 家禽 (jiāqín)
* 德禽
* 攀禽類 / 攀禽类
* 智禽
* 水禽類 / 水禽类
* 涉禽 (shèqín)
* 游禽類 / 游禽类
* 演禽
* 猛禽 (měngqín)
* 珍禽
* 珍禽異獸 / 珍禽异兽 (zhēnqínyìshòu)
* 瑰禽怪獸 / 瑰禽怪兽
* 禽困覆車 / 禽困覆车
* 禽奔獸遁 / 禽奔兽遁
* 禽息鳥視 / 禽息鸟视
* 禽犢 / 禽犊
* 禽犢之愛 / 禽犊之爱
* 禽獸 / 禽兽 (qínshòu)
* 禽獸不如 / 禽兽不如
* 禽荒
* 禽言
* 禽鳥 / 禽鸟 (qínniǎo)
* 良禽擇木 / 良禽择木 (liángqínzémù)
* 草薙禽獮 / 草剃禽狝
* 衣冠禽獸 / 衣冠禽兽 (yīguānqínshòu)
* 走禽
* 霜禽
* 飛禽 / 飞禽 (fēiqín)
* 飛禽走獸 / 飞禽走兽 (fēiqínzǒushòu)
* 魯禽 / 鲁禽
* 鳴禽 / 鸣禽 (míngqín)

### References

* “禽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* bird
* (more specifically) chicken

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: とり (tori, 禽)、とりこ (toriko, 禽)
* Nanori: とり (tori)

#### Compounds

* 家(か)禽(きん) (kakin): domestic fowl, poultry
* 禽(とり)将(しょう)棋(ぎ) (torishōgi)

#### Usage notes

Rarely used in modern Japanese. The character 鳥 is used instead to spell the tori reading.

## Korean
### Hanja

禽 (eumhun 날짐승 금 (naljimseung geum))
* hanja form of 금 (“birds, fowl, winged animals”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

禽: Hán Nôm readings: cầm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.