# 跪

| 跪 | U+8DEA, &#36330; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8DEA |
| ← 跩 [U+8DE9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 跫 → [U+8DEB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

跪 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓一山 (RMNMU), four-corner 6711$_2$, composition ⿰𧾷危)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1225, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37516
* Dae Jaweon: page 1696, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8DEA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鮠 | *ŋuːl |
| 峞 | *ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ |
| 頠 | *ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ |
| 詭 | *krolʔ |
| 垝 | *krolʔ, *krols |
| 陒 | *krolʔ |
| 觤 | *krolʔ |
| 恑 | *krolʔ |
| 蛫 | *krolʔ |
| 祪 | *krolʔ |
| 洈 | *krolʔ, *ŋrol |
| 姽 | *krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ |
| 桅 | *krolʔ |
| 佹 | *krolʔ |
| 跪 | *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ |
| 危 | *ŋrol |
| 峗 | *ŋrol |
| 硊 | *ŋrolʔ |
| 卼 | *kʰruls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). However, the phonetic component shows (perhaps by chance) a person kneeling on the ground.

### Etymology

Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”), whence Burmese ခွေ (hkwe, “to coil; hoop”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guì (gui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): kui$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khúi
    (Hailu, HRS): kui$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kui$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kui$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): gôi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui$^5$ / kue$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kǔi / kūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guin$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jiu; $^6$gue
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^4$
*** Yale: gwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
*** Palladius: гуй (guj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^6$
*** Yale: gwaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: kui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰui²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúi
*** Hakka Romanization System: kui$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kui$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰui²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuɪ³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: kui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuei⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gôi
*** Sinological IPA : /kui²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gui$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gūi
*** Sinological IPA : /kui²¹/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kue$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kôi
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuei⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kue$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuei³³²/
* gui5 - literary;
* kue3 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: khjweX, gjweX
Rime :
| Character | 跪 | 跪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (14) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 去委切 | 渠委切 |
| Baxter | khjweX | gjweX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠiuᴇ$^X$/ | /ɡˠiuᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷᵚiɛ$^X$/ | /ɡʷᵚiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiuɛ$^X$/ | /ɡiuɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰjwiə̆$^X$/ | /gjwiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰjue$^X$/ | /ɡjue$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰǐwe$^X$/ | /ɡǐwe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰwie̯$^X$/ | /gwie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuǐ | guì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fai$^2$ | gwai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[g](r)ojʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrolʔ/, /*ɡrolʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 跪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjwe$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[g](r)ojʔ/ |
| English | kneel; foot |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 跪 | 跪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12779 | 12780 |
| Phonetic component | 危 | 危 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 跪 | 跪 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰrolʔ/ | /*ɡrolʔ/ |

### Definitions

跪
* to kneel
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) foot
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jìtuō zhě, yòngxīn zào yě. [Pinyin]
    The crab has six feet and two pincers, yet without the dens of snakes and eels, it has no place to take shelter. This is because its mind is impatient.
* (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to

#### Compounds

* 下跪 (xiàguì)
* 三跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu)
* 單跪 / 单跪
* 打了半跪
* 打搶跪 / 打抢跪
* 拜跪
* 罰跪 / 罚跪
* 跪下 (guìxià)
* 跪乳
* 跪伏 (guìfú)
* 跪低
* 跪倒 (guìdǎo)
* 跪坐
* 跪墊 / 跪垫
* 跪拜 (guìbài)
* 跪毯
* 跪求 (guìqiú)
* 跪池
* 跪爬
* 跪舔 (guìtiǎn)
* 跪謝 / 跪谢 (guìxiè)
* 跪起
* 跪鎖子 / 跪锁子
* 跪門 / 跪门
* 長跪 / 长跪 (chángguì)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎ (gi)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: ひざまずく (hizamazuku, 跪く)

## Korean
### Hanja

跪 (eum 궤 (gwe))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

跪: Hán Nôm readings: quỵ
* to kneel down; to fall on one's knees

#### Compounds

* 突跪 (đột quỵ)