# ἄλλος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* αἶλος (aîlos) — Cypriot
* ἄλλυ (állu) — Arcadian

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Cognates include Latin alius, Old Irish aile, Old Armenian այլ (ayl), Old English elles (English else), Albanian lloj (“sort, kind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ál.los/ → /ˈal.los/ → /ˈa.los/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ál.los/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈal.los/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈal.los/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈal.los/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈa.los/

### Adjective

ἄλλος • (állos) m (feminine ἄλλη, neuter ἄλλο); first/second declension
* other, another, different, else
** (with article) the other, all others, all besides, the rest
*** 2022 May 18, Seumas Macdonald, chapter 4, in Linguae Graecae Per Se Illustrata‎:ἀλλὰ δὲ ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ ἀμφορεὺς ὁ ἄλλος. ἕνδεκα πάρεισιν, εἷς ἄπεστιν. ἆρα σὺ οἶδας.allà dè poû estin ho amphoreùs ho állos. héndeka páreisin, heîs ápestin. âra sù oîdas.But where is the other amphora? Eleven are present; one is absent. Do you know?
** (with numerals) yet, still
** (in lists) as well, besides, too
** equivalent to ἀλλοῖος (alloîos) of another sort than (with genitive)
* (in phrases)
** in combination with τις (tis) any other; anyone else, anything else
** in the phrase ἄλλος τε καὶ (állos te kaì) especially, most of all
** in the phrase εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος (eí tis kaì állos) or εἴ τι καὶ ἄλλο (eí ti kaì állo) if anyone, whoever else; if anything, whatever else
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.5.1:ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ ἦν μὲν ἡ γῆ πεδίον ἅπαν ὁμαλὲς ὥσπερ θάλαττα, ἀψινθίου δὲ πλῆρες· εἰ δέ τι καὶ ἄλλο ἐνῆν ὕλης ἢ καλάμου, ἅπαντα ἦσαν εὐώδη ὥσπερ ἀρώματα.en toútōi dè tôi tópōi ên mèn hē gê pedíon hápan homalès hṓsper thálatta, apsinthíou dè plêres; ei dé ti kaì állo enên húlēs ḕ kalámou, hápanta êsan euṓdē hṓsper arṓmata.In this region the ground was all a plain, flat like the sea, and full of wormwood. And whatever other brush or reed was there, everything was fragrant like spices.

#### Derived terms

* ἀλλά (allá)
* ἀλλάσσω (allássō)
* ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn)
* ἀλλοῖος (alloîos)
* ἄλλοσε (állose)
* ἄλλως (állōs)

#### Related terms

* ἄλλῠδις (állŭdis)

#### See also

| type | interrogative | indefinite | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) | proximal | distal | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| basic | τίς | τις, ἔνιοι | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | | | | ὁπότερος | ὁπότερος | | |
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | | |
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως |
| method, path, place | πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | | ἄλλῃ |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθι | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι |
| source | πόθεν | ποθεν, ἁμόθεν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐνθένδε | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε |
| exact time | πηνίκα | | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | |
| duration of time | | | τέως | | | ἕως | | | |
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | |
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τοσάκις | | | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | | |
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | | | | | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | | | |
| order | πόστος | ποστός | | | | | ὁπόστος | | |
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. ||||||||||

### References

* ↑ Panayotou, A. “Arcado-Cypriot.” In A History of Ancient Greek from the Beginnings to Late Antiquity, translated by Chris Markham, 417–432. 420.
* “ἄλλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἄλλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἄλλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἄλλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ἄλλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* ἄλλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἄλλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G243 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Panayotou, A. “Arcado-Cypriot.” In A History of Ancient Greek from the Beginnings to Late Antiquity, translated by Chris Markham, 417–432.Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. another idem, page 31.different idem, page 223.else idem, page 265.fresh idem, page 344.here idem, page 397.new idem, page 556.other idem, page 581.
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN