# 塍

| 塍 | U+584D, &#22605; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584D |
| ← 塌 [U+584C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塎 → [U+584E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塍 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月火手土 (BFQG), four-corner 7921$_4$, composition ⿰月⿱龹土 or ⿸𰮤土)

#### Derived characters

* 𫲀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5323
* Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 32
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2098, character 17
* Unihan data for U+584D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 黱 | *l'ɯːs |
| 朕 | *l'ɯmʔ |
| 鰧 | *l'ɯmʔ, *l'ɯːŋ |
| 螣 | *l'ɯmʔ, *l'ɯːŋ, *l'ɯːɡ |
| 栚 | *l'ɯmʔ |
| 眹 | *l'ɯnʔ |
| 騰 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 滕 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 縢 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 儯 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 幐 | *l'ɯːŋ, *l'ɯːŋs |
| 藤 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 謄 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 膡 | *l'ɯːŋ, *hljɯŋs, *lɯŋs |
| 籐 | *l'ɯːŋ |
| 勝 | *hljɯŋ, *hljɯŋs |
| 蕂 | *hljɯŋs |
| 榺 | *hljɯŋs |
| 塍 | *ɦljɯŋ |
| 媵 | *ljɯŋs, *lɯŋs |
| 賸 | *ɦljɯŋs, *lɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦljɯŋ): phonetic 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ) + semantic 土.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéng (cheng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chìng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zan; $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chìng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zan; $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zan$^去$; zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zan; $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/, /zən²³/
* 3zan - vernacular (in 巴塍);
* 3zen - literary.
* Middle Chinese: zying
Rime :
| Character | 塍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食陵切 |
| Baxter | zying |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.ləŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 塍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zying › |
| Old Chinese | /*m.ləŋ/ (~ *mə.ləŋ) |
| English | raised path between fields |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17132 |
| Phonetic component | 朕 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繩 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljɯŋ/ |

#### Definitions

塍
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) raised path between fields; dyke

#### Compounds

* 橫塍 / 横塍 (Héngchéng)
* 田塍 (tiánchéng)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 塍 – see 田 (“(Min) paddy field”). (This character is a variant form of 田).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しょう (shō)、じょう (jō)
* Kun: あぜ (aze)、くろ (kuro)、つつみ (tsutsumi, 塍み)

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

塍 (eumhun 밭두둑 승 (batduduk seung))
* raised path between fields; dyke

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

塍 (eumhun 밭두둑 증 (batduduk jeung))
* raised path between fields; dyke

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 塍

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塍: Hán Nôm readings: thăng
* raised path between fields; dyke

#### References

* Nom Foundation