# 莘

| 莘 | U+8398, &#33688; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8398 |
| ← 莗 [U+8397] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莙 → [U+8399] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莘 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜廿十 (TYTJ), four-corner 4440$_1$, composition ⿱艹辛)
* long
* numerous
* a marsh plant whose root is used for medicine

#### Derived characters

* 𣻿, 𣘘, 䅸, 𧐞, 𧤱, 𨫽, 𩇡, 𩺵, 𦸯, 𰲄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1034, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31056
* Dae Jaweon: page 1493, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3224, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8398

## Chinese

* 莘姓

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 親 | *sʰin, *sʰins |
| 寴 | *sʰin, *sʰins |
| 儭 | *sʰins, *sʰrins |
| 瀙 | *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins |
| 辛 | *siŋ |
| 新 | *siŋ |
| 薪 | *siŋ |
| 襯 | *sʰrins |
| 櫬 | *sʰrins |
| 嚫 | *t͡sʰrinh |
| 莘 | *sriŋ |
| 騂 | *seŋ |
| 垶 | *seŋ |
| 觪 | *seŋ |

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(i/u)ŋ (“long; to elongate”); cognate with Burmese ရှည် (hrany, “idem”) (Luce 1981, STEDT?).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēn (shen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sîn
    (Hailu, HRS): sin$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shen
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$
*** Yale: shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$
*** Yale: sān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: xin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
*** Tâi-lô: sin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: syn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: srin
Rime :
| Character | 莘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 臻 (46) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 所臻切 |
| Baxter | srin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃɪn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃien/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭen/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂi̯æn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sri[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sriŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 莘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srin › |
| Old Chinese | /*sri[n]/ |
| English | long, drawn-out |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13819 |
| Phonetic component | 辛 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 莘 |
| Old Chinese | /*sriŋ/ |

#### Definitions

莘
* long
* numerous
* a surname
* (～縣) Shen County, a county in Shandong.

#### Compounds

* 莘莘 (shēnshēn)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīn (xin$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sîn
    (Hailu, HRS): sin$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sin
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^1$
*** Yale: syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
*** Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: xin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
*** Tâi-lô: sin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: syn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: srin
Rime :
| Character | 莘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 臻 (46) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 所臻切 |
| Baxter | srin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃɪn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃien/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭen/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂi̯æn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sri[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sriŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 莘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srin › |
| Old Chinese | /*sri[n]/ |
| English | long, drawn-out |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13819 |
| Phonetic component | 辛 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 莘 |
| Old Chinese | /*sriŋ/ |

#### Definitions

莘
* a type of marsh plant whose root is used for medicine

#### Compounds

* 莘莊 / 莘庄
* 蘭莘 / 兰莘

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* long
* numerous
* marsh plant whose root is used for medicine

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しん (shin)

## Korean
### Hanja

莘 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
* long
* numerous
* a marsh plant whose root is used for medicine