# 腺

| 腺 | U+817A, &#33146; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-817A |
| ← 腹 [U+8179] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腻 → [U+817B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腺 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月竹日水 (BHAE), four-corner 7623$_2$, composition ⿰⺼泉)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 990, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29746
* Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2097, character 5
* Unihan data for U+817A

## Chinese

* 腺

### Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 腺(せん) (sen).

### Etymology

Spelling pronunciation, as 線／线 (xiàn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàn (xian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sien
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sòaⁿ / siàn / sàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$
*** Yale: syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^3$
*** Yale: sin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sien
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: suànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoax
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /suã²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siàn
*** Tâi-lô: siàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siexn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /siɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn¹¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàn
*** Tâi-lô: sàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: saxn
*** IPA (Taipei): /san¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /san²¹/
* siàn - literary;
* sòaⁿ - vernacular.

### Definitions

腺
* (anatomy) gland

### Compounds

* 乳腺 (rǔxiàn)
* 乳腺炎 (rǔxiànyán)
* 內分泌腺 / 内分泌腺
* 前列腺 (qiánlièxiàn)
* 前庭大腺 (qiántíngdàxiàn, “Bartholin's gland”)
* 前庭小腺 (qiántíngxiǎoxiàn, “Skene's gland”)
* 唾液腺 (tuòyèxiàn)
* 唾腺 (tuòxiàn)
* 外分泌腺
* 尿道球腺 (niàodàoqiúxiàn, “bulbourethral gland”)
* 性腺 (xìngxiàn)
* 扁桃腺 (biǎntáoxiàn, “tonsil”)
* 扁桃腺炎 (biǎntáoxiàn yán)
* 攝護腺 / 摄护腺 (shèhùxiàn)
* 毒腺 (dúxiàn)
* 汗腺 (hànxiàn)
* 消化腺 (xiāohuàxiàn)
* 淋巴腺 (línbāxiàn)
* 淚腺 / 泪腺 (lèixiàn)
* 無管腺 / 无管腺
* 生殖腺 (shēngzhíxiàn)
* 甲狀腺 / 甲状腺 (jiǎzhuàngxiàn)
* 甲狀腺素 / 甲状腺素 (jiǎzhuàngxiànsù)
* 甲狀腺腫 / 甲状腺肿 (jiǎzhuàngxiànzhǒng)
* 皮脂腺 (pízhīxiàn)
* 瞼腺炎 / 睑腺炎
* 耳下腺 (ěrxiàxiàn)
* 耵聹腺 / 耵聍腺 (tīngníngxiàn)
* 胃腺 (wèixiàn)
* 脂肪腺
* 胸腺 (xiōngxiàn)
* 腎上腺 / 肾上腺 (shènshàngxiàn)
* 腎上腺素 / 肾上腺素 (shènshàngxiànsù)
* 腦下腺 / 脑下腺
* 腦上腺 / 脑上腺
* 腺嘌呤 (xiànpiàolìng, “adenine”)
* 腺病毒 (xiànbìngdú)
* 腺細胞 / 腺细胞
* 腮腺 (sāixiàn)
* 腸腺 / 肠腺
* 腮腺炎 (sāixiànyán)
* 腺體 / 腺体 (xiàntǐ, “gland”)
* 臭腺
* 舌下腺 (shéxiàxiàn)
* 蜜腺
* 頜下腺 / 颌下腺 (héxiàxiàn)
* 頷下腺 / 颔下腺
* 顎下腺 / 颚下腺

## Japanese
### Glyph origin

A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”) coined by Japanese rangaku scholar Udagawa Genshin in the late 1700s–early 1800s as a translation for Dutch klier (“gland”), as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): ⺼ (“flesh; body”) + 泉 (“spring; fountain; source; producer of liquid”), together expressing the idea “part of the body that produces liquid secretions”.

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* gland

#### Readings

* Kan’yō-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
* Kun: すじ (suji, 腺)

#### Compounds

* 腺状(せんじょう) (senjō): glandular
* 甲状腺(こうじょうせん) (kōjōsen): thyroid gland
* 管状腺(かんじょうせん) (kanjōsen): tubular gland
* 涙腺(るいせん) (ruisen): lacrimal gland
* 耳下腺(じかせん) (jikasen): parotid gland
* 顎下腺(がっかせん) (gakkasen): submaxillary gland
* 舌下腺(ぜっかせん) (zekkasen): sublingual gland
* 唾液腺(だえきせん) (daekisen): salivary gland
* 扁桃腺(へんとうせん) (hentōsen): tonsil
* 前立腺(ぜんりつせん) (zenritsusen): prostate gland
* 尿道球腺(にょうどうきゅうせん) (nyōdōkyūsen): bulbourethral gland
* カウパー腺(せん) (kaupāsen): bulbourethral gland
* スキーン腺(せん) (sukīnsen): Skene's gland
* 小前庭腺(しょうぜんていせん) (shōzenteisen): Skene's gland
* 傍尿道腺(ぼうにょうどうせん) (bōnyōdōsen): Skene's gland
* バルトリン腺(せん) (barutorinsen): Bartholin's gland
* 大前庭腺(だいぜんていせん) (daizenteisen): Bartholin's gland
* 汗腺(かんせん) (kansen): sweat gland
* 皮脂腺(ひしせん) (hishisen): sebaceous gland
* 性腺(せいせん) (seisen): sex gland
* 毒腺(どくせん) (dokusen): venom gland

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 腺
* せん Grade: S
* kan'yōon
See Glyph origin above. The reading sen is based on the kan'on of the 泉 base.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せん [séꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

腺(せん) • (sen)
* (anatomy) gland

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 腺 (xiàn)
* → Korean: 선(腺) (seon)
* → Vietnamese: tuyến

### References

* ↑ “腺”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 腺(せん) (sen).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [선]

### Hanja

Wikisource 腺 (eumhun 샘 선 (saem seon))
* hanja form of 선 (“(anatomy) gland”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腺: Hán Việt readings: tuyến
* gland