# 覆

| 覆 | U+8986, &#35206; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8986 |
| ← 覅 [U+8985] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 覇 → [U+8987] |
| 覆 | U+FAB7, &#64183; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB7 |
| ← 襁 [U+FAB6] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 視 → [U+FAB8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

覆 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹人水 (MWHOE), four-corner 1024$_7$, composition ⿱覀復)

#### Derived characters

* 𢺁, 𭳱, 𧕡, 𧠅, 𧄏, 𥷱, 𡳷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1129, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34789
* Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2808, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8986
* Unihan data for U+FAB7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 覆 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 愎 | *brɯɡ |
| 鍑 | *puɡs, *puɡ |
| 覆 | *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ |
| 復 | *buɡs, *buɡ |
| 椱 | *buɡs, *buɡ |
| 複 | *buɡs, *puɡ |
| 馥 | *brɯɡ, *buɡ |
| 腹 | *puɡ |
| 輹 | *puɡ, *buɡ |
| 蝮 | *pʰuɡ |
| 蕧 | *pʰuɡ, *buɡ |
| 复 | *buɡ |
| 鰒 | *buɡ |
| 澓 | *buɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ): semantic 襾 + phonetic 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fù (fu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^1$ / fau$^6$ / puk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fuk / phuk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phak / hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog$^8$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu$^6$ / pu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^1$ / fau$^6$ / puk$^1$
*** Yale: fūk / fauh / pūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^7$ / fau$^6$ / puk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^1$ / feo$^6$ / pug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚⁵/, /fɐu̯²²/, /pʰʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fuk / phuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: fug$^ˋ$ / pug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fug$^5$ / pug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuk̚²/, /pʰuk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phak / hok
*** Tâi-lô: phak / hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phag, hog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰak̚³²/, /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰak̚⁵/, /hɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰak̚³²/, /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰak̚³²/, /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰak̚³²/, /hɔk̚³²/
* phak - vernacular (“to flip; to lie on one's stomach; to press close to”);
* hok - literary.
* Middle Chinese: phjuwH, bjuwH, phjuwk, phok
Rime :
| Character | 覆 | 覆 | 覆 | 覆 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 並 (3) | 滂 (2) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 屋 (4) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 敷救切 | 扶富切 | 芳福切 | 匹北切 |
| Baxter | phjuwH | bjuwH | phjuwk | phok |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨu$^H$/ | /bɨu$^H$/ | /pʰɨuk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰiu$^H$/ | /biu$^H$/ | /pʰiuk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiəu$^H$/ | /biəu$^H$/ | /pʰiuk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuw$^H$/ | /buw$^H$/ | /pʰuwk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiu$^H$/ | /biu$^H$/ | /pʰiuk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭəu$^H$/ | /bĭəu$^H$/ | /pʰĭuk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰi̯ə̯u$^H$/ | /bʱi̯ə̯u$^H$/ | /pʰi̯uk̚/ | /pʰək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fòu | fòu | fu | po |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^3$ | fau$^6$ | fuk$^1$ | pak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)uk-s/, /*pʰ(r)uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰuɡs/, /*buɡs/, /*pʰɯːɡ/, /*pʰuɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 覆 | 覆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fù | fù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phjuw$^H$ › | ‹ phjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰ(r)uk-s/ | /*pʰ(r)uk/ |
| English | cover | turn over |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 覆 | 覆 | 覆 | 覆 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 3536 | 3540 | 3541 | 3548 |
| Phonetic component | 复 | 复 | 复 | 复 |
| Rime group | 奧 | 奧 | 職 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 副 | 復 | 覆 | 蝮 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰuɡs/ | /*buɡs/ | /*pʰɯːɡ/ | /*pʰuɡ/ |

### Definitions

覆
* to cover
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Fú tiān wú bù fù, dì wú bù zǎi. [Pinyin]
    There is nothing which Heaven does not cover, and nothing which Earth does not sustain.
* to tip over; to overturn; to flip over
       Tiáⁿ phak kè-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The wok flipped over.
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Jūn zhě, zhōu yě. Shùrén zhě, shuǐ yě. Shuǐ zé zǎi zhōu, shuǐ zé fù zhōu. Gù jūn rén zhě, yù ān, zé mò ruò píngzhèng àimín yǐ. [Pinyin]
    The ruler is the boat; the common people are the water. The water carries the boat; the water overturns the boat. Thus, should the ruler wish for stability, there is nothing better than to govern with equity and to care for the people.
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Chē jì fù ér mǎ diān xī, jiǎn dú huái cǐ yì lù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete) to pour out
* to return (simplifies to 复)
* to reply (simplifies to 复)
       nei$^5$ fuk$^1$ zo$^2$ keoi$^5$ fung$^1$ ji$^1$ meu$^1$ mei$^6$? [Jyutping]
       Have you replied to his email yet?
* to destroy; to overturn; to perish
    覆滅／覆灭 ― fùmiè ― to perish
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐyuē: “Wù zǐ zhī duó zhū yě, wù Zhèng shēng zhī luàn yǎyuè yě, wù lìkǒu zhī fù bāngjiā zhě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Zheng confound the music of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and families."
* again
    alt. forms: 複 / 复 (fù)
* (Hokkien) to lie on one's stomach; to rest one's body on a surface
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to press close to; to nestle up against

#### Usage notes

覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆, 反覆 and 回覆 still simplify to 答复, 反复 and 回复 in Simplified Chinese respectively. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆, 覆蓋, 顛覆, 傾覆, 覆轍.

#### Synonyms

* (to lie on one's stomach): 趴 (pā)
* (to press close to):
* 就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 搭近 (Hokkien)
* 攝 / 摄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 湊近 / 凑近 (còujìn)
* 貼近 / 贴近 (tiējìn)
* 迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
* 迫近 (pòjìn)
* 逼倚 (Hokkien)
* 逼近 (bījìn)

#### Compounds

* 上覆 (shàngfù)
* 以功覆過 / 以功覆过
* 侔德覆載 / 侔德覆载
* 傾覆 / 倾覆 (qīngfù)
* 傾覆重器 / 倾覆重器
* 全軍覆沒 / 全军覆没 (quánjūnfùmò)
* 全軍覆滅 / 全军覆灭 (quánjūnfùmò)
* 反反覆覆 / 反反复复 (fǎnfǎnfùfù)
* 反覆不一 / 反复不一
* 反覆不定 / 反复不定
* 反覆 / 反复 (fǎnfù)
* 反覆思維 / 反复思维
* 反覆無常 / 反复无常 (fǎnfùwúcháng)
* 名覆金甌 / 名覆金瓯
* 回覆 / 回复 (huífù)
* 地覆天翻 (dìfùtiānfān)
* 天翻地覆 (tiānfāndìfù)
* 天覆
* 天覆地載 / 天覆地载
* 射覆
* 布覆
* 循環反覆 / 循环反复
* 批覆 (pīfù)
* 折足覆餗 / 折足覆𫗧
* 折鼎覆餗 / 折鼎覆𫗧
* 拜覆
* 文錦覆阱 / 文锦覆阱
* 核覆
* 水可載舟，亦可覆舟 / 水可载舟，亦可覆舟 (shuǐ kě zài zhōu, yì kě fù zhōu)
* 水能載舟，亦則覆舟 / 水能载舟，亦则覆舟
* 水能載舟，亦能覆舟 / 水能载舟，亦能覆舟 (shuǐ néng zài zhōu, yì néng fù zhōu)
* 水覆難收 / 水覆难收
* 泐覆
* 洪覆
* 玄黃翻覆 / 玄黄翻覆
* 生棟覆屋 / 生栋覆屋
* 申覆
* 番來覆去 / 番来覆去
* 番天覆地
* 發覆 / 发覆
* 示覆
* 禽困覆車 / 禽困覆车
* 稟覆 / 禀覆 (bǐngfù)
* 答覆 / 答复 (dáfù)
* 翻來覆去 / 翻来覆去 (fānláifùqù)
* 翻天覆地 (fāntiānfùdì)
* 翻覆 (fānfù)
* 翻覆無常 / 翻覆无常
* 翻雲覆雨 / 翻云覆雨 (fānyúnfùyǔ)
* 蓋覆 / 盖覆
* 蒼黃翻覆 / 苍黄翻覆
* 蕩覆 / 荡覆 (dàngfù)
* 藕覆
* 被覆 (bèifù)
* 覆亡 (fùwáng)
* 覆信 (fùxìn)
* 覆冒
* 覆去翻來 / 覆去翻来
* 覆呈
* 覆命 (fùmìng)
* 覆地翻天
* 覆墓
* 覆姓 (fùxìng)
* 覆宗
* 覆宗滅祀 / 覆宗灭祀
* 覆宗絕嗣 / 覆宗绝嗣
* 覆宗絕祀 / 覆宗绝祀
* 覆審 / 覆审 (fùshěn)
* 覆巢之下無完卵 / 覆巢之下无完卵 (fùcháozhīxiàwúwánluǎn)
* 覆巢傾卵 / 覆巢倾卵
* 覆巢毀卵 / 覆巢毁卵
* 覆巢破卵
* 覆帳 / 覆帐
* 覆幬 / 覆帱
* 覆庇之恩
* 覆手 (fùshǒu)
* 覆按
* 覆敗 / 覆败
* 覆杯
* 覆校
* 覆核 (fùhé)
* 覆水難收 / 覆水难收 (fùshuǐnánshōu)
* 覆沒 / 覆没 (fùmò)
* 覆海移山
* 覆滅 / 覆灭 (fùmiè)
* 覆瓿
* 覆甕 / 覆瓮
* 覆盂
* 覆盂之固
* 覆盂之安
* 覆盆
* 覆盆之冤
* 覆盆難照 / 覆盆难照
* 覆盤 / 覆盘
* 覆盤難照 / 覆盘难照
* 覆育
* 覆舟載舟 / 覆舟载舟
* 覆蓋 / 覆盖 (fùgài)
* 覆蔽
* 覆蕉尋鹿 / 覆蕉寻鹿
* 覆被
* 覆診 / 覆诊 (fùzhěn)
* 覆試 / 覆试
* 覆議 / 覆议
* 覆車 / 覆车
* 覆車之戒 / 覆车之戒
* 覆車之軌 / 覆车之轨
* 覆車之轍 / 覆车之辙
* 覆車之鑒 / 覆车之鉴
* 覆車當戒 / 覆车当戒
* 覆車繼軌 / 覆车继轨
* 覆軍 / 覆军
* 覆軍殺將 / 覆军杀将
* 覆載 / 覆载
* 覆轍 / 覆辙 (fùzhé)
* 覆轍重蹈 / 覆辙重蹈
* 覆逆
* 覆醢
* 覆醬瓿 / 覆酱瓿
* 覆雨翻雲 / 覆雨翻云
* 覆露
* 覆餗 / 覆𫗧
* 覆餗之患 / 覆𫗧之患
* 覆餗之憂 / 覆𫗧之忧
* 覆餗之釁 / 覆𫗧之衅
* 覆鹿尋蕉 / 覆鹿寻蕉
* 覆鹿遺蕉 / 覆鹿遗蕉
* 覆鼎
* 貂覆額 / 貂覆额
* 買臣覆水 / 买臣覆水
* 載舟覆舟 / 载舟覆舟
* 重蹈覆轍 / 重蹈覆辙 (chóngdǎofùzhé)
* 鈞覆 / 钧覆
* 雖覆能復 / 虽覆能复
* 雲翻雨覆 / 云翻雨覆
* 電覆 / 电覆 (diànfù)
* 露覆
* 頗覆 / 颇覆
* 顛覆 / 颠覆 (diānfù)

### References

* “覆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 覆 |
| Kyūjitai | 覆󠄁 覆+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 覆󠄄 覆+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* capsize, cover, shade, mantle, be ruined

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwk); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):
* Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):
* Go-on: ふ (fu)
* Kan-on: ふう (fū)
* Kan’yō-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC bjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):
* Go-on: ぶ (bu)
* Kan-on: ふう (fū)
* Kan’yō-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: おおう (ōu, 覆う, Jōyō)、くつがえる (kutsugaeru, 覆る, Jōyō)、くつがえす (kutsugaesu, 覆す, Jōyō)、おおい (ōi, 覆い)、かえす (kaesu, 覆す)、かえる (kaeru, 覆る)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1939 (paper), page 1021 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

覆 (eumhun 다시 복 (dasi bok))
* hanja form of 복 (“again”)
覆 (eumhun 덮을 부 (deopeul bu))
* hanja form of 부 (“cover”)
* hanja form of 부 (“tip over”)
* hanja form of 부 (“return”)
* hanja form of 부 (“reply”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

覆: Hán Nôm readings: phú, phủ, phúc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.