# गृध्र
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृध्र (gṛ́dhra). Doublet of गिद्ध (giddh), a tadbhava.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡɾɪd̪ʱ.ɾᵊ/

### Adjective

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) (indeclinable)
* (rare, formal) greedy
    Synonyms: (more common) लालची (lālcī), लोभी (lobhī)

### Noun

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) m
* (rare, formal) a vulture
    Synonym: (more common) गिद्ध (giddh)

#### Declension
### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “गृध्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गृध्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Platts, John T. (1884) “गृध्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* গৃধ্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬕᬺᬥ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* গৃধ্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰐𑰴𑰠𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ဂၖဓြ (Burmese script)
* ગૃધ્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਗ੍ਰਧ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌗𑍃𑌧𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦒꦽꦣꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂏𑃂𑂡𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಗೃಧ್ರ (Kannada script)
* គ្ឫធ្រ (Khmer script)
* ຄ຺ຣິຘ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* ഗൃധ്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᡤᡵᡳᢡᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘐𑘵𑘠𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠷᠢᢑᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦰𑧖𑧀𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐐𑐺𑐢𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଗୃଧ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢔꢺꢤ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆓𑆸𑆣𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖐𑖴𑖠𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* ගෘධ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩞𑩙𑩮 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚌𑚜𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* க்³ரித்⁴ர (Tamil script)
* గృధ్ర (Telugu script)
* คฺฤธฺร (Thai script)
* གྲྀ་དྷྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒑𑒵𑒡𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨜𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡŕ̩dʱ.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥dʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to desire greedily”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər$^ə$δa, “greedy”), Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”).

#### Adjective

गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) stem
* desiring greedily or fervently, eager for, desirous
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

##### Descendants

* Pali: giddha

### Etymology 2

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

#### Noun

गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) stem, m
* a vulture
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.104.22:उलू॑कयातुं शुशु॒लूक॑यातुं ज॒हि श्वया॑तुमु॒त कोक॑यातुम्। सु॒प॒र्णया॑तुमु॒त गृध्र॑यातुं दृ॒षदे॑व॒ प्र मृ॑ण॒ रक्ष॑ इन्द्र॥úlūkayātuṃ śuśulū́kayātuṃ jahí śváyātumutá kókayātum. suparṇáyātumutá gṛ́dhrayātuṃ dṛṣádeva prá mṛṇa rákṣa indra.Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo. Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
** c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

##### Descendants

* Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
** Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
** Hindustani: giddh
    Hindi: गिद्ध
    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
** Konkani: gīd
    Devanagari script: गीद
    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
    Latin script: gid
** Maithili:
    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
** Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
** Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
** Hindustani: giddh
    Hindi: गिद्ध
    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
** Konkani: gīd
    Devanagari script: गीद
    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
    Latin script: gid
** Maithili:
    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
** Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: ਗਿਰਝ (girjha), ਗਿੱਧ (giddha, “vulture”)
* Pali: gaddha
** → Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
** Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
** Hindustani: giddh
    Hindi: गिद्ध
    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
** Konkani: gīd
    Devanagari script: गीद
    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
    Latin script: gid
** Maithili:
    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
** Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
* → Kannada: ಗೃಧ್ರ (gṛdhra)
* → Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)
* → Hindi: गृध्र (gŕdhra) (learned)

### References

* ↑ Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 474.

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “गृध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 361.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “गृध्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gṛ́dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 474