# runo
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From English rune, German Rune, and similar terms.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈruno]
* Rhymes: -uno
* Hyphenation: ru‧no

### Noun

runo (accusative singular runon, plural runoj, accusative plural runojn)
* rune

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *runo, borrowed from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Compare English rune and Swedish runa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
* Rhymes: -uno
* Hyphenation: ru‧no

### Noun

runo
* poem (piece of poetry)
* Synonym of runous (“poetry”)
* rune (only in the rare sense of a Finnish poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of runo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
runoni
runoni
accusative
nom.
runoni
runoni
gen.
runoni
genitive
runoni
runojeni
partitive
runoani
runojani
inessive
runossani
runoissani
elative
runostani
runoistani
illative
runooni
runoihini
adessive
runollani
runoillani
ablative
runoltani
runoiltani
allative
runolleni
runoilleni
essive
runonani
runoinani
translative
runokseni
runoikseni
abessive
runottani
runoittani
instructive
comitative
—runoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
runosi
runosi
accusative
nom.
runosi
runosi
gen.
runosi
genitive
runosi
runojesi
partitive
runoasi
runojasi
inessive
runossasi
runoissasi
elative
runostasi
runoistasi
illative
runoosi
runoihisi
adessive
runollasi
runoillasi
ablative
runoltasi
runoiltasi
allative
runollesi
runoillesi
essive
runonasi
runoinasi
translative
runoksesi
runoiksesi
abessive
runottasi
runoittasi
instructive
comitative
—runoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
runomme
runomme
accusative
nom.
runomme
runomme
gen.
runomme
genitive
runomme
runojemme
partitive
runoamme
runojamme
inessive
runossamme
runoissamme
elative
runostamme
runoistamme
illative
runoomme
runoihimme
adessive
runollamme
runoillamme
ablative
runoltamme
runoiltamme
allative
runollemme
runoillemme
essive
runonamme
runoinamme
translative
runoksemme
runoiksemme
abessive
runottamme
runoittamme
instructive
comitative
—runoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
runonne
runonne
accusative
nom.
runonne
runonne
gen.
runonne
genitive
runonne
runojenne
partitive
runoanne
runojanne
inessive
runossanne
runoissanne
elative
runostanne
runoistanne
illative
runoonne
runoihinne
adessive
runollanne
runoillanne
ablative
runoltanne
runoiltanne
allative
runollenne
runoillenne
essive
runonanne
runoinanne
translative
runoksenne
runoiksenne
abessive
runottanne
runoittanne
instructive
comitative
—runoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
runonsa
runonsa
accusative
nom.
runonsa
runonsa
gen.
runonsa
genitive
runonsa
runojensa
partitive
runoaan runoansa
runojaan runojansa
inessive
runossaan runossansa
runoissaan runoissansa
elative
runostaan runostansa
runoistaan runoistansa
illative
runoonsa
runoihinsa
adessive
runollaan runollansa
runoillaan runoillansa
ablative
runoltaan runoltansa
runoiltaan runoiltansa
allative
runolleen runollensa
runoilleen runoillensa
essive
runonaan runonansa
runoinaan runoinansa
translative
runokseen runoksensa
runoikseen runoiksensa
abessive
runottaan runottansa
runoittaan runoittansa
instructive
comitative
—runoineen runoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* runoelma
* runoilla
* runollinen
* runosto
* runotar
* runoton
* runous
* eläinruno
* jouluruno
* kansanruno
* kertomaruno
* komparuno
* lastenruno
* loitsuruno
* mieteruno
* muinaisruno
* muistoruno
* nimiruno
* paimenruno
* pilkkaruno
* proosaruno
* rakkausruno
* riimiruno
* rooliruno
* runoantologia
* runoasu
* runodraama
* runoeepos
* runojalka
* runokieli
* runokirja
* runokokoelma
* runokuva
* runokäännös
* runolaulu
* runomitta
* runomuoto
* runonkatkelma
* runonlaulaja
* runonlaulanta
* runonlaulu
* runonlausuja
* runonlausunta
* runonpätkä
* runonäytelmä
* runopolvi
* runorytmi
* runosarja
* runosatu
* runoseppo
* runoseppä
* runosikermä
* runosuomennos
* runosuoni
* runosäe
* runosäkeistö
* runosävelmä
* runotaide
* runoteos
* runotoisinto
* runotuotanto
* runovalikoima
* sankariruno
* sotaruno
* sävelruno
* tankaruno
* tilapäisruno
* tilapääruno
* tunnelmaruno

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: runo

### See also

* Luokka:Runot on the Finnish Wikisource.Wikisource $^{fi}$

### Further reading

* “runo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* noru, nuor-, ruon

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Finnish runo.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
* Rhymes: -uno
* Hyphenation: ru‧no

### Noun

runo
* rune (Finnic poem)
** 1934, V. I. Junus, Lukukirja inkeroisia oppikoteja vart (neljäs klassa), Leningrad: Riikin Izdatelstvo Kirja, page 3:Senen peräst kyläs laahittii kaaskoja, arvotuksia, laululoja, runoloja.Because of this in the villages they devised fairy tales, riddles, songs, runes.

#### Declension
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.nɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -unɔ
* Syllabification: ru‧no

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *runo.

#### Noun

runo n
* fleece
* undergrowth (in a forest)

##### Derived terms

* białorunny

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

runo f
* vocative singular of runa

### Further reading

* runo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* runo in Polish dictionaries at PWN

### Anagrams

* urno

## Proto-Norse
### Romanization

runo
* Romanization of ᚱᚢᚾᛟ

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *runo.

#### Noun

rȗno n (Cyrillic spelling ру̑но)
* fleece

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “runo”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

runo (Cyrillic spelling руно)
* vocative singular of runa

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *runo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rùːnɔ/, /rúːnɔ/

### Noun

rūno n
* fleece

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “runo”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From runa (“rune”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruno/ [ˈru.no]
* Rhymes: -uno
* Syllabification: ru‧no

### Adjective

runo (feminine runa, masculine plural runos, feminine plural runas)
* (obsolete) runic
    Synonym: rúnico

### Further reading

* “runo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *runo, borrowed from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo). Cognates include Finnish runo.

### Noun

runo
* poem
* rune (Finnic poem)

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “руна, стихотворение”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika