# шар
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃa̟r]

### Noun

шар • (šar) m
* (obsolete, dialectal) spot, shade, tinge
* (archaic) hue
    Synonyms: боя (boja), багра (bagra)
* (abstract) pattern, texture

#### Usage notes

In the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.

#### Derived terms

* шарка (šarka, “stripe; smallpox”)
* шаря (šarja, “to variegate”)
** шарен (šaren, “variegated”)

### References

* “шар”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* шаръ in Исторически речник на българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

## Kalmyk
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaˈrə/

### Adjective

шар • (şar) (Clear script spelling ᠱᠠᠷᠠ (šara))
* yellow

## Kazakh
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle, to whet”).
Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар (šar), etc.

#### Noun

шар • (şar)
* whetstone

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).

#### Noun

шар • (şar)
* (geometry) ball

##### Declension
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃar]

### Noun

шар • (šar) m (plural шари)
* colorfulness
* (rare) color

## Mongolian
### Pronunciation

* (Ulaanbaatar) IPA: /ʃar/, [ʃar]

### Etymology 1

* From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
* Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)
* Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).

#### Adjective

шар • (šar)
* yellow
* heartburn

##### Derived terms

* шар айраг (šar ajrag, “beer”)
* шар лууван (šar luuvan, “carrot”)
* шар үс (šar üs, “vellus hair”)
* шар будаа (šar budaa, “millet”)

##### See also

Colors in Mongolian · өнгө (öngö) (layout · text) :
| цагаан (cagaan) | саарал (saaral) | хар (xar) |
| улаан (ulaan); хүрэн улаан (xüren ulaan) | улбар шар (ulbar šar); бор (bor), хүрэн (xüren) | шар (šar); хул (xul), цайвар шар (cajvar šar) |
| цайвар ногоон (cajvar nogoon) | ногоон (nogoon) | |
| цэнхэр (cenxer); номин ногоон (nomin nogoon) | номин (nomin) | хөх (xöx) |
| нил (nil); индиго (indigo) | улаан ягаан (ulaan jagaan); час улаан (čas ulaan) | ягаан (jagaan) |

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

шар • (šar)
* ox

##### See also

* үхэр (üxer)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* шаръ (šar) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Unclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʂar]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ar

### Noun

шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)
* ball, solid sphere
* (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
* balloon

#### Usage notes

* After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).

#### Declension

$^*$Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4. $^†$Not in the mathematical sense.

#### Derived terms

* возду́шный ша́р (vozdúšnyj šár, “balloon”)
* земно́й шар (zemnój šar, “Earth (seen as a globe)”)
* сне́жный ша́р (snéžnyj šár, “snow globe”)

#### Related terms

* ша́рик (šárik)
* шаровидный (šarovidnyj), шарообразный (šaroobraznyj), ша́риковый (šárikovyj)
* ша́рить (šáritʹ)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: šaara
* → Kazakh: шар (şar)
* → Yakut: шар (shar)

#### Further reading

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃâːr/

### Noun

ша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)
* Earth, globe (spherical model of Earth)
* firmament, welkin
* natural beauty

## Tabasaran
### Noun

шар • (šar)
* water

#### Synonyms

* шид (šid)

### References

* Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃar]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”) with a subsequent shift in meaning.

#### Noun

шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ру, nominative plural ша́ри, genitive plural ша́рів)
* layer
    снігови́й шар ― snihovýj šar ― layer of snow
* stratum
* annual ring of a tree

##### Derived terms

* багатошаро́вий (bahatošaróvyj)
* двошаро́вий (dvošaróvyj)
* п'ятишаро́вий (pʺjatyšaróvyj)
* тришаро́вий (tryšaróvyj)
* чотиришаро́вий (čotyryšaróvyj)
* шарува́тий (šaruvátyj)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

шар • (šar)
* second-person singular imperative of ша́рити impf (šáryty)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “шар”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 379
   * Bilodid, I. K., editor (1980), “шар”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 11 (Х – Ь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 409
   * “шар”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “шар”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “шар”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “шар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “шар”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)

## Yakut
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

### Noun

шар • (shar)
* ball (sphere)

#### Derived terms

* сир шара (sir shara, “globe”)
* салгын шара (salgın shara, “balloon”)

### See also

* шарик (sharik, “balloon”)