# grian
## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* gri͡an (alternative spelling, e.g. Styria)
* grean (most dialects)
* grien (Sappada, Sauris)

### Etymology

From Old High German gruoni, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz. Cognate with German grün, Dutch groen, English green, Icelandic grænn.

### Adjective

grian
* (Timau) green

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/, /ɟɾʲiənˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish grían (“sun”), from Proto-Celtic *greinā.

#### Noun

grian f (genitive singular gréine, nominative plural grianta)
* (the) sun
* (figuratively) paragon

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
grian
grianta
vocative
a ghrian
a ghrianta
genitive
gréine
grianta
dative
grian gréin (in certain phrases)
grianta
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an ghrian
na grianta
genitive
na gréine
na ngrianta
dative
leis an ngrian don ghrian
leis na grianta :
Archaic weak plural forms:
* Nominative and vocative: griana
* Genitive: grian
* Dative: grianaibh

##### Derived terms

* béar gréine
* béim ghréine (“sunstroke”)
* bliosán gréine
* boinéad gréine (“sun-bonnet”)
* bolg le gréin
* dó gréine
* grian-
* griandó
* grianmhar
* grianstad

#### Verb

grian (present analytic grianann, future analytic grianfaidh, verbal noun grianadh, past participle grianta) (transitive)
* to sun (expose to the warmth and radiation of the sun)
* (photography) to solarize (subject to solarization)

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | grianadh | grianadh | grianadh | grianadh | grianadh | grianadh | grianadh | grianadh |
| past participle | grianta | grianta | grianta | grianta | grianta | grianta | grianta | grianta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | grianaim | grianann tú; grianair$^†$ | grianann sé, sí | grianaimid | grianann sibh | grianann siad; grianaid$^†$ | a ghrianann; a ghrianas / a ngrianann* | griantar |
| past | ghrian mé; ghrianas | ghrian tú; ghrianais | ghrian sé, sí | ghrianamar; ghrian muid | ghrian sibh; ghrianabhair | ghrian siad; ghrianadar | a ghrian / ar ghrian* | grianadh |
| past habitual | ghrianainn / ngrianainn‡‡ | ghriantá / ngriantá‡‡ | ghrianadh sé, sí / ngrianadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghrianaimis; ghrianadh muid / ngrianaimis‡‡; ngrianadh muid‡‡ | ghrianadh sibh / ngrianadh sibh‡‡ | ghrianaidís; ghrianadh siad / ngrianaidís‡‡; ngrianadh siad‡‡ | a ghrianadh / a ngrianadh* | ghriantaí / ngriantaí‡‡ |
| future | grianfaidh mé; grianfad | grianfaidh tú; grianfair$^†$ | grianfaidh sé, sí | grianfaimid; grianfaidh muid | grianfaidh sibh | grianfaidh siad; grianfaid$^†$ | a ghrianfaidh; a ghrianfas / a ngrianfaidh* | grianfar |
| conditional | ghrianfainn / ngrianfainn‡‡ | ghrianfá / ngrianfá‡‡ | ghrianfadh sé, sí / ngrianfadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghrianfaimis; ghrianfadh muid / ngrianfaimis‡‡; ngrianfadh muid‡‡ | ghrianfadh sibh / ngrianfadh sibh‡‡ | ghrianfaidís; ghrianfadh siad / ngrianfaidís‡‡; ngrianfadh siad‡‡ | a ghrianfadh / a ngrianfadh* | ghrianfaí / ngrianfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go ngriana mé; go ngrianad$^†$ | go ngriana tú; go ngrianair$^†$ | go ngriana sé, sí | go ngrianaimid; go ngriana muid | go ngriana sibh | go ngriana siad; go ngrianaid$^†$ | — | go ngriantar |
| past | dá ngrianainn | dá ngriantá | dá ngrianadh sé, sí | dá ngrianaimis; dá ngrianadh muid | dá ngrianadh sibh | dá ngrianaidís; dá ngrianadh siad | — | dá ngriantaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | grianaim | grian | grianadh sé, sí | grianaimis | grianaigí; grianaidh$^†$ | grianaidís | — | griantar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish grïan.

#### Noun

grian m (genitive singular griain)
* Alternative form of grean (“gravel, grit; coarse sand”)
* bottom (of sea, lake, river)
* earth, ground, land
* surface

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 66, page 34
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 135
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 283, page 100
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grian”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “grian”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish grían (“sun”), from Proto-Celtic *greinā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡriən/, [ɡriᵈn]

### Noun

grian f (genitive singular greiney, plural grianyn)
* sun
    Plaasyn prinsoil glistral myr whilleen grian. ― Princely palaces shining like so many suns.
    Ta'n ghrian yial er chooilleen e jurnaa. ― The bright sun has finished her journey.
* sunlight
* sunshine

#### Synonyms

* ree yn laa

#### Derived terms

* breck greiney
* breck 'sy ghrian

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Cognate to Welsh graean. The exact shape of their common etymon is obscure; Proto-Celtic *griyano- is one reconstruction.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡʲrʲi.an]

### Noun

grïan (gender unknown)
* gravel
* sand
* bottom (of river)
* floor (of sea)

#### Inflection

The declension of this term is known to be an o-stem, but the gender is unknown. Both possibilities are presented here.
* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization
* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: grean

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grian”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish grían (“sun”), from Proto-Celtic *greinā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʲɾʲiən/
* (Lewis) IPA: /kʲðiɤn/
* (Barra) IPA: [kʲɾʲiən~kʲʒiən]

### Noun

grian f (genitive singular grèine, plural grianan)
* sun

#### Declension

$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century
* Alternative genitive singular: grèineadh

#### Derived terms

* casan na grèine (“the Zodiac”)
* clàr-grèine (“solar panel”)
* corra-ghrian (“bittern”)
* dol fodha na grèine (“sunset”)
* èirigh na grèine (“sunrise”)
* gaoth-ghrèine (“solar wind”)
* glainneachan-grèine (“sunglasses”)
* grian-chrios (“zodiac”)
* grian-stad (“solstice”)
* grianach (“sunny”)
* losgadh na grèine (“sunburn”)
* neòinean-grèine (“sunflower”)
* pannal-grèine (“solar panel”)
* speuclairean-grèine (“sunglasses”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap