# 上

| 上 | U+4E0A, &#19978; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0A |
| ← 三 [U+4E09] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 下 → [U+4E0B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

上 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜一 (YM), four-corner 2110$_0$, composition ⿱⺊一)

#### Derived characters

* 仩, 圵, 䒙, 㫔, 仧, 卡, 尗, 忐, 㫖, 䶶, 㑅
* 让 (Simplified from 讓)
* 𰃊, 𠮵, 𱝫, 𰛈, 𨑗, 𪱲, 𬉷, 𪱚, 𮁞, 𧘕, 𰼃, 𫒆(𰽙), 𬴾, 𱅷, 𱜌, 𭫌, 𬨺, 𣦕, 𤼸, 𱍩, 𰀏, 𱱹
* 𠆳, 𭆦, 𭆽, 𠀝, 𡗶, 𣥌, 𬻏, 𫝙, 𥬧, 𫵁, 𡒥, 𬮛
* 𠦀, 𠑷, 𫠢, 𠮳, 𪥤, 𠦋, 𠧔, 𠧕, 𰐇, 𠧗, 𫯝, 𬂞, 𬅸, 𠧛, 𮌈, 𰀎, 𢆒, 𮛅, 𣑾, 𨓑, 𥜾, 𭾴, 𫠷, 𫠼, 𫠸, 𫠺, 𫠹, 𨕭, 𫠽, 𫠿, 𡚋, 𨨾
* 𠯡, 𠳒, 𢓺, 𢫜, 𢹟, 𱥿, 𱦟, 𱨟, 𱩨, 𭷺, 𨑵, 𣩌, 𱭖, 𤧢, 𤨛, 𤩋, 𥆮, 𥡴, 𧋹, 𰷏
* 𢼁, 𠛯, 𠜔, 𣢻, 𣣇, 𢧍, 𭭎, 𢧡, 𩑨, 𮨁, 𰙒, 𥉆, 𥛓, 𭼅, 𥛬, 𨽾, 𥐂, 𦅐, 𠡹, 𠭮, 𢱵, 𥡳, 𥌟, 𩜨, 𥬚, 𥬿, 𥨮, 𮙏, 𤰆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13
* Dae Jaweon: page 145, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 5, character 4
* Unihan data for U+4E0A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 上 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script | Ming typeface |
| Oracle bone scriptj00024j00025j00026j00027j00028j00029j00030Bronze inscriptionsb00109b00110b00111b00112b00113b00114b00115b00116b00117b00118b00119b00120b00121b00122b00123b00124b00125b00126b00127b00128b00129b00130b00131b00132b00133Small seal scripts00008Transcribed ancient scriptsL35088L35089L35090L35091L35092L35093L35094L17519L17520L17521L17522L17523L17524L17525L17526L17527L17528L17529 |||||||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 丄 | *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs |
| 上 | *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs |
Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).
Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shàng (shang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): shāng
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шон (šon, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang$^5$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): sieng$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): song$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): song
    (Hailu, HRS): shong$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): song$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): son$^3$ / hon$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syong$^5$ / syeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siāng / thōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zion$^7$ / ziên$^7$ / siang$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan$^5$ / shan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$
*** Yale: shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
*** Palladius: шан (šan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: shāng
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шон (šon, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^6$
*** Yale: seuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³²/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: sieng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʃiɛŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: song$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song
*** Hakka Romanization System: song
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shong$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: son$^3$ / hon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃⁴⁵/, /xɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siông
*** Sinological IPA : /suɔŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syong$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siō̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyɒŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
*** Tâi-lô: siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
*** Tâi-lô: siāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siang
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /siaŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thōng
*** Tâi-lô: thōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ³³/
* Xiamen siāng - only used for “most”;
* thōng - only used for “most”.
* Middle Chinese: dzyangH
Rime :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時亮切 |
| Baxter | dzyangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*daŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*daŋʔ-s/ |
| English | top, above (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 11103 |
| Phonetic component | 上 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尚 |
| Old Chinese | /*djaŋs/ |

##### Definitions

上
* upper part; high position; up
    Antonym: 下 (xià)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) emperor
    皇上 ― huángshàng ― emperor; Your/His Majesty
    聖上／圣上 ― shèngshàng ― emperor; Your/His Majesty
    上諭／上谕 ― shàngyù ― imperial edict
* on; above
    樹上／树上 ― shùshàng ― on the tree
    筆在桌上。／笔在桌上。 ― Bǐ zài zhuōshàng. ― The pen is on the desk.
* superior; senior; top
* preceding; previous; last; former
    上一年 ― shàng yī nián ― last year
    上集 ― shàng jí ― last episode
    上世紀／上世纪 ― shàng shìjì ― last century
* first of several (usually two or three) partitions
    Antonyms: 中, 下 (xià)
    西遊記上／西游记上 ― Xīyóujì shàng ― Journey to the West I
       shànggǔ hànyǔ hé zhōnggǔ hànyǔ [Pinyin]
       Old Chinese and Middle Chinese
* within; in; from the standpoint of; according to
    在理論上／在理论上 ― zài lǐlùn shàng ― according to theory
    在這個世界上／在这个世界上 ― zài zhège shìjiè shàng ― in this world
       Zài Yīngwén shàng méiyǒu xiàngsì de shuōfǎ. [Pinyin]
       There is no similar way of wording in English.
    From: “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”
    Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlǜ píngděng. [Pinyin]
    All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
* (Hokkien, Teochew) most; extremely
    Alternative form: 尚
** 2014, “上水的花 [The Most Beautiful Flower]”, in 姚若龍 [Daryl Yao] (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music), 上水的花 [The Most Beautiful Flower], performed by 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:
       siōng súi ê hoe, nā-sī chha̍k-tio̍h sim mā ē lâu-hoeh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The most beautiful flower, if it pierced the heart, it would still bleed

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 最, 至 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 最 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 最, 頂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 最 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 最 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 最 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 最, 頂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 最 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 最, 第一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 頂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 最 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 頂, 最 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 頂, 最 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 最, 至 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 最, 至 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 最, 至 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 至 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 最 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 最 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 最 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 頂 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 最, 第一 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 盡, 最 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 最, 盡 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 最 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 盡, 最 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 最 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 最 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 頂 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 頂, 最, 第一 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 第一, 最 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 第一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 第一, 第, 一, 上 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 第一, 第, 上 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 上 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 第一, 上 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 上 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 上 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 上 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 上 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 上 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 上 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 上 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 上 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 上 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 上 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 第一 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 上 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 第, 上 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 上頂, 上 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 上, 最 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 一 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 上, 上頂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 上 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 上 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 最 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 最 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 最, 最最, 頂 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 頂, 最 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 頂, 頂頂 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頂, 最 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 頂, 最 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 頂, 最 |

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shàng (shang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): song$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sông / sóng
    (Hailu, HRS): shong$^ˋ$ / shong$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): song$^1$ / song$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): son$^3$ / hon$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siông / chiông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cieo$^5$ / ciuⁿ$^5$ / sieo$^5$ / siuⁿ$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiūⁿ / chiōⁿ / chiǔⁿ / chhiūⁿ / chhiōⁿ / chhiǔⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zion$^6$ / ziên$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan$^5$ / shan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$
*** Yale: shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
*** Palladius: шан (šan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^5$
*** Yale: séuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: song$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông / sóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˊ$ / song$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^1$ / song$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴/, /soŋ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shong$^ˋ$ / shong$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ⁵³/, /ʃoŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: song$^1$ / song$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ³¹/
* sông/shongˋ/song1 - “to go up; to go; to attend” (major reading);
* sóng/shongˊ/song3 - “to fit; to install; to apply”.
* Middle Chinese: dzyangX
Rime :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時掌切 |
| Baxter | dzyangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-daŋʔ/, /*m-daŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 上 | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shàng | shàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyang$^X$ › | ‹ dzyang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə-daŋʔ/ | /*m-daŋʔ/ |
| English | ascend | to put up |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 11102 |
| Phonetic component | 上 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 上 |
| Old Chinese | /*djaŋʔ/ |

##### Definitions

上
* to go up; to ascend
* to charge; to advance
    上啊！ ― Shàng a! ― Charge!
* to go to; to leave for (a place) (usually to a more developed place)
    上省城 ― shàng shěngchéng ― to go to the province capital
* to board; to get on
    請上車。／请上车。 ― Qǐng shàng chē. ― Please get into the car.
* to serve; to present; to offer
       Háiyǒu liǎng ge cài méi shàng. [Pinyin]
       There're two dishes that haven't been served.
    上筆和紙來。／上笔和纸来。 ― Shàng bǐ hé zhǐ lái. ― Give me the pen and the paper.
* to attend (class, work)
    上班 ― shàngbān ― to go to work
    她上夜校。 ― Tā shàng yèxiào. ― She goes to night school.
* to enter (a field); to appear (on stage, TV)
* to fit; to install; to apply
    上油漆 ― shàng yóuqī ― to apply paint
* to screw; to tighten, to twist
* (colloquial) Short for 上線 (“to go online”).
* to connect to; browse (a website)
    上谷歌 ― shàng Gǔgē ― to go on Google; to google
* (Cantonese) to go north
** 2010, “小明上廣州”, performed by 李家仁:
       siu$^2$ ming$^4$ soeng$^5$ gwong$^2$ zau$^1$, taam$^1$ can$^1$ jau$^5$ lok$^6$ tung$^4$ jau$^4$ [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Min) to pull upwards or hang with a rope
    上水 [Hokkien] ― chhiūⁿ-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to draw water from a well
* (Southern Min) to grow and attach
    上青苔 [Hokkien] ― chhiūⁿ chheⁿ-thî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to grow moss
* (Xiamen Hokkien) to pile up
    上貨／上货 [Hokkien] ― chhiūⁿ-hòe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to pile up goods
* (vulgar, usually of a male) to fuck; to have intercourse (usually with a female)
* Particle following verbs, indicating direction or achievement.
    安排上了。 ― Ānpái shàng le. ― It has been arranged.
* 7th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ascension" (𝌌)
* (mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow

###### Usage notes

* When playing mahjong in Cantonese, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chowing another player's discard

###### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 上 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 上 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 上 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 上 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 上 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 上 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 上 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 上 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 上 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𬦰, 上, 起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 𬦰, 上, 起 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𬦰, 上, 起 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 上, 起 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 上, 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 上 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 上 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 上 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 上 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 吃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 吃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 上 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 食$_3$ GT |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 食$_3$ |
| Wu | Ningbo | 吃 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

#### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shǎng (shang$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): siōng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syong$^3$ / syeng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sióng / siáng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǎng
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^3$
*** Yale: shǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaang
*** Palladius: шан (šan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sang$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^5$
*** Yale: séuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siōng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syong$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siô̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
*** Tâi-lô: sióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
*** Tâi-lô: siáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zaon
*** MiniDict: zaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyangX
Rime :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時掌切 |
| Baxter | dzyangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-daŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə-daŋʔ/ |
| English | ascend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 11102 |
| Phonetic component | 上 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 上 |
| Old Chinese | /*djaŋʔ/ |

##### Definitions

上
* (～聲) (Chinese phonetics) rising tone in Chinese phonetics

##### See also

The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調 / 声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text) :
| | 平仄 (píngzè) | 平仄 (píngzè) | 平 (píng) 平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng) | 平 (píng) 平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng) |
| | 平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù) 四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng) | 平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù) 四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng) | 平 (píng) 平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng) | 平 (píng) 平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng) | 上 (shǎng) 上聲 / 上声 (shǎngshēng) | 上 (shǎng) 上聲 / 上声 (shǎngshēng) | 去 (qù) 去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng) | 去 (qù) 去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng) | 入 (rù) 入聲 / 入声 (rùshēng) | 入 (rù) 入聲 / 入声 (rùshēng) |
| 標調方法 / 标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法 / 标调法 | 四角標調法 / 四角标调法 | 四角標調法 / 四角标调法 | ꜀◌ | ꜀◌ | ꜂◌ | ꜂◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜆ | ◌꜆ |
| 標調方法 / 标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法 / 标调法 | [Term?] | [Term?] | ◌〪 | ◌〪 | ◌〫 | ◌〫 | ◌〬 | ◌〬 | ◌〭 | ◌〭 |
| 標調方法 / 标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法 / 标调法 | 傍點 / 傍点 | 傍點 / 傍点 | ∅ | ∅ | ◌〮 | ◌〮 | ◌〯 | ◌〯 | ∅ | ∅ |
| | 四聲八調 / 四声八调 | 四聲八調 / 四声八调 | 陰平 / 阴平 (yīnpíng) | 陽平 / 阳平 (yángpíng) | 陰上 / 阴上 (yīnshǎng) | 陽上 / 阳上 (yángshǎng) | 陰去 / 阴去 (yīnqù) | 陽去 / 阳去 (yángqù) | 陰入 / 阴入 (yīnrù) | 陽入 / 阳入 (yángrù) |
| | 陰 / 阴 (yīn) | 陽 / 阳 (yáng) | 陰平 / 阴平 (yīnpíng) | 陽平 / 阳平 (yángpíng) | 陰上 / 阴上 (yīnshǎng) | 陽上 / 阳上 (yángshǎng) | 陰去 / 阴去 (yīnqù) | 陽去 / 阳去 (yángqù) | 陰入 / 阴入 (yīnrù) | 陽入 / 阳入 (yángrù) |
| 標調方法 / 标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法 / 标调法 | 四角標調法 / 四角标调法 | 四角標調法 / 四角标调法 | ꜀◌ | ꜁◌ | ꜂◌ | ꜃◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜅ | ◌꜆ | ◌꜇ |
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調 / 声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text) :
| 四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng) | 陰平 / 阴平 (yīnpíng) 一聲 / 一声 | 陰平 / 阴平 (yīnpíng) 一聲 / 一声 | 陽平 / 阳平 (yángpíng) 二聲 / 二声 (èrshēng) | 陽平 / 阳平 (yángpíng) 二聲 / 二声 (èrshēng) | 上聲 / 上声 (shǎngshēng) 三聲 / 三声 (sānshēng) | 上聲 / 上声 (shǎngshēng) 三聲 / 三声 (sānshēng) | 去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng) 四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng) | 去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng) 四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng) | 輕聲 / 轻声 (qīngshēng) | 輕聲 / 轻声 (qīngshēng) |

#### Compounds

* 一上 (yīshàng)
* 一哄而上 (yīhòng'érshàng)
* 一擁而上 / 一拥而上 (yīyǒng'érshàng)
* 一箭上垛
* 七上八下 (qīshàngbāxià)
* 七上八落
* 七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇 (qīshí wǎ shàng shuāng, bāshí bù xīqí)
* 上丁 (shàngdīng)
* 三上
* 上上 (shàngshàng)
* 上下 (shàngxià)
* 上下一心
* 上上下下 (shàngshàngxiàxià)
* 三上五落
* 上下交困
* 上下其手 (shàngxiàqíshǒu)
* 上下同心
* 上下床 (shàngxiàchuáng)
* 上下文 (shàngxiàwén)
* 上下爭輝 / 上下争辉
* 上下相安
* 上不來 / 上不来
* 上不去 (shàngbùqù)
* 上不著天，下不著地 / 上不着天，下不着地 (shàngbùzháotiān, xiàbùzháodì)
* 上世 (shàngshì)
* 上中農 / 上中农 (shàngzhōngnóng)
* 上乘 (shàngchéng)
* 上九
* 上了歲數 / 上了岁数
* 上京 (shàngjīng)
* 上人
* 上人兒 / 上人儿
* 上代 (shàngdài)
* 上仙
* 上任 (shàngrèn)
* 上位 (shàngwèi)
* 上來 / 上来 (shànglái)
* 上供 (shànggòng)
* 上僂 / 上偻 (shànglǚ)
* 上元 (Shàngyuán)
* 上元節 / 上元节 (Shàngyuánjié)
* 上公
* 上凍 / 上冻 (shàngdòng)
* 上刀山
* 上分 (shàngfen)
* 上刑 (shàngxíng)
* 上列 (shàngliè)
* 上前 (shàngqián)
* 上剎 / 上刹
* 上則 / 上则 (shàngzé)
* 上勁 / 上劲
* 上升 (shàngshēng)
* 上午 (shàngwǔ)
* 上半 (shàngbàn)
* 上半場 / 上半场 (shàngbànchǎng)
* 上半年 (shàngbànnián)
* 上半截 (shàngbànjié)
* 上半晌 (shàngbànshǎng)
* 上半時 / 上半时 (shàngbànshí)
* 上半晌兒 / 上半晌儿 (shàngbànshǎngr)
* 上卿 (shàngqīng)
* 上去 (shàngqù)
* 上口 (shàngkǒu)
* 上口字 (shàngkǒuzì)
* 上司 (shàngsī)
* 上古 (shànggǔ)
* 上吊 (shàngdiào)
* 上吐下瀉 / 上吐下泻 (shàngtùxiàxiè)
* 上告 (shànggào)
* 上命 (shàngmìng)
* 上和下睦
* 上呼吸道 (shànghūxīdào)
* 上品 (shàngpǐn)
* 上回 (shànghuí)
* 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó)
* 上圈套 (shàngquāntào)
* 上坡 (shàngpō)
* 上堂 (shàngtáng)
* 上報 / 上报 (shàngbào)
* 上場 / 上场 (shàngchǎng)
* 上場白 / 上场白
* 上場門兒 / 上场门儿
* 上塘 (Shàngtáng)
* 上境 (Shàngjìng)
* 上墳 / 上坟 (shàngfén)
* 上壩 / 上坝 (Shàngbà)
* 上士 (shàngshì)
* 上壽 / 上寿 (shàngshòu)
* 上夜 (shàngyè)
* 上大人
* 上天 (shàngtiān)
* 上天入地
* 上天無路，入地無門 / 上天无路，入地无门 (shàngtiānwúlù, rùdìwúmén)
* 上套 (shàngtào)
* 上好 (shànghǎo)
* 上妝 / 上妆 (shàngzhuāng)
* 上學 / 上学 (shàngxué)
* 上官 (shàngguān)
* 上客 (shàngkè)
* 上家 (shàngjiā)
* 上宿
* 上將 / 上将 (shàngjiàng)
* 上尉 (shàngwèi)
* 上尊
* 上尖兒 / 上尖儿
* 上屋 (shàngwū)
* 上層 / 上层 (shàngcéng)
* 上山 (shàngshān)
* 上岸 (shàng'àn)
* 上峰 (shàngfēng)
* 上工 (shànggōng)
* 上巳 (Shàngsì)
* 上己菜
* 上巴河 (Shàngbāhé)
* 上市 (shàngshì)
* 上帝 (Shàngdì)
* 上帝教
* 上席
* 上師 / 上师
* 上帳 / 上帐 (shàngzhàng)
* 上年 (shàngnián)
* 上年紀 / 上年纪 (shàng niánjì)
* 上床 (shàngchuáng)
* 上庠 (shàngxiáng)
* 上座 (shàngzuò)
* 上座兒 / 上座儿 (shàngzuòr)
* 上庸 (Shàngyōng)
* 上廳行首 / 上厅行首
* 上弔 / 上吊 (shàngdiào)
* 上弦 (shàngxián)
* 上彩 (shàngcǎi)
* 上心 (shàngxīn)
* 下情上達 / 下情上达
* 上情下達 / 上情下达
* 上愚 (shàngyú)
* 上愬
* 上戈 (Shànggē)
* 上戶 / 上户 (shànghù)
* 上房 (shàngfáng)
* 上手 (shàngshǒu)
* 上捐 (shàngjuān)
* 上揚 / 上扬 (shàngyáng)
* 上操 (shàngcāo)
* 上文 (shàngwén)
* 上新世 (Shàngxīnshì)
* 上方 (shàngfāng)
* 上方寶劍 / 上方宝剑 (shàngfāng bǎojiàn)
* 上日 (shàngrì)
* 上旬 (shàngxún)
* 上昇 / 上升 (shàngshēng)
* 上映 (shàngyìng)
* 上星期 (shàngxīngqī)
* 上晝 / 上昼 (shàngzhòu)
* 上智 (shàngzhì)
* 上書 / 上书 (shàngshū)
* 上書房 / 上书房
* 上會 / 上会 (shànghuì)
* 上有天堂，下有蘇杭 / 上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
* 上有老，下有小
* 上服
* 上朝 (shàngcháo)
* 上朝取應 / 上朝取应
* 上木驢 / 上木驴
* 上板兒 / 上板儿
* 上林苑
* 上林賦 / 上林赋
* 上桌 (shàngzhuō)
* 上校 (shàngxiào)
* 上梓 (shàngzǐ)
* 上梁 (shàngliáng)
* 上梢
* 上梁不正
* 上梁文
* 上榜 (shàngbǎng)
* 上樁 / 上桩
* 上樣 / 上样
* 上樓 / 上楼 (shànglóu)
* 上檔 / 上档
* 上檯 / 上台
* 上次 (shàngcì)
* 上款 (shàngkuǎn)
* 上正
* 上歲數兒 / 上岁数儿
* 上氣不接下氣 / 上气不接下气 (shàngqì bù jiē xiàqì)
* 上水
* 上水船
* 上水道 (shàngshuǐdào)
* 上求下告
* 上江 (shàngjiāng)
* 上油 (shàngyóu)
* 上河堤 (Shànghédī)
* 上洲 (Shàngzhōu)
* 上津 (Shàngjīn)
* 上流 (shàngliú)
* 上活 (shànghuó)
* 上洞人
* 上流頭 / 上流头
* 上浮 (shàngfú)
* 上海 (Shànghǎi)
* 上浣 (shànghuàn)
* 上海公報 / 上海公报
* 上海灘 / 上海滩 (Shànghǎitān)
* 上清
* 上清童子 (shàngqīng tóngzǐ)
* 上游 (shàngyóu)
* 上湯 / 上汤 (shàngtāng)
* 上溯 (shàngsù)
* 上演 (shàngyǎn)
* 上漿 / 上浆 (shàngjiāng)
* 上漲 / 上涨 (shàngzhǎng)
* 上漏下溼 / 上漏下湿
* 上演稅 / 上演税
* 上火 (shànghuǒ)
* 上灶 (shàngzào)
* 上焦 (shàngjiāo)
* 上燈 / 上灯 (shàngdēng)
* 上營 / 上营 (Shàngyíng)
* 上片 (shàngpiàn)
* 上班 (shàngbān)
* 上班兒 / 上班儿 (shàngbānr)
* 上班族 (shàngbānzú)
* 上田 (Shàngtián)
* 上界 (shàngjiè)
* 上畫 / 上画 (shànghuà)
* 上當 / 上当 (shàngdàng)
* 上疏
* 上癮 / 上瘾 (shàngyǐn)
* 上皇 (shànghuáng)
* 上皮組織 / 上皮组织 (shàngpí zǔzhī)
* 上相 (shàngxiàng)
* 上真 (shàngzhēn)
* 上眼 (shàngyǎn)
* 上眼皮
* 上眼皮兒 / 上眼皮儿
* 上知 (shàngzhì)
* 上知天文，下知地理 (shàng zhī tiānwén, xià zhī dìlǐ)
* 上磺 (Shànghuáng)
* 上祭
* 上稅 / 上税 (shàngshuì)
* 上空 (shàngkōng)
* 上窮碧落下黃泉 / 上穷碧落下黄泉 (shàng qióng bìluò xià huángquán)
* 上竄下跳 / 上窜下跳 (shàngcuànxiàtiào)
* 三竿日上
* 上第 (shàngdì)
* 上等 (shàngděng)
* 上策 (shàngcè)
* 上算 (shàngsuàn)
* 上簇
* 上級 / 上级 (shàngjí)
* 上紙 / 上纸 (shàngzhǐ)
* 上綁 / 上绑 (shàngbǎng)
* 上網 / 上网 (shàngwǎng)
* 上緊 / 上紧 (shàngjǐn)
* 上線 / 上线 (shàngxiàn)
* 上線服務 / 上线服务
* 上聖 / 上圣 (shàngshèng)
* 上聞 / 上闻 (shàngwén)
* 上聲 / 上声
* 上聯 / 上联 (shànglián)
* 上聯兒 / 上联儿 (shàngliánr)
* 上肢 (shàngzhī)
* 上腰
* 上腰包
* 上膛 (shàngtáng)
* 上臂 (shàngbì)
* 上臉 / 上脸 (shàngliǎn)
* 上臕 / 上膘 (shàngbiāo)
* 上臺 / 上台 (shàngtái)
* 上舍
* 上色
* 上色徒弟
* 上花臺 / 上花台
* 上苑 (shàngyuàn)
* 上草 (shàngcǎo)
* 上菜 (shàngcài)
* 上落 (shàngluò)
* 上蒼 / 上苍 (shàngcāng)
* 上蓋 / 上盖
* 上藥 / 上药 (shàngyào)
* 上行 (shàngxíng)
* 上行下效 (shàngxíngxiàxiào)
* 上街 (shàngjiē)
* 上衣 (shàngyī)
* 上表 (shàngbiǎo)
* 上裝 / 上装 (shàngzhuāng)
* 上西天 (shàng xītiān)
* 上覆 (shàngfù)
* 上計 / 上计 (shàngjì)
* 上訪 / 上访 (shàngfǎng)
* 上訴 / 上诉 (shàngsù)
* 上詳 / 上详 (shàngxiáng)
* 上課 / 上课 (shàngkè)
* 上謁 / 上谒 (shàngyè)
* 上諭 / 上谕 (shàngyù)
* 上諱下諱 / 上讳下讳
* 上議院 / 上议院 (shàngyìyuàn)
* 上貨 / 上货 (shànghuò)
* 上賊船 / 上贼船 (shàng zéichuán)
* 上賓 / 上宾 (shàngbīn)
* 上賬 / 上账 (shàngzhàng)
* 上足
* 上路 (shànglù)
* 上身 (shàngshēn)
* 上車 / 上车 (shàngchē)
* 上車灣 / 上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
* 上軌道 / 上轨道 (shàng guǐdào)
* 上輩 / 上辈 (shàngbèi)
* 上輩子 / 上辈子 (shàngbèizi)
* 上述 (shàngshù)
* 上進 / 上进 (shàngjìn)
* 上道 (shàngdào)
* 上達 / 上达 (shàngdá)
* 上選 / 上选 (shànxuǎn)
* 上邊 / 上边 (shàngbiān)
* 上邊兒 / 上边儿
* 上邦 (shàngbāng)
* 上部 (shàngbù)
* 上都 (Shàngdū)
* 上醫 / 上医 (shàngyī)
* 上釉 (shàngyòu)
* 上鉤 / 上钩 (shànggōu)
* 上鎖 / 上锁 (shàngsuǒ)
* 上鏡頭 / 上镜头 (shàng jìngtóu)
* 上門 / 上门 (shàngmén)
* 上門女婿 / 上门女婿
* 上門怪人 / 上门怪人
* 上閂 / 上闩 (shàngshuān)
* 上限 (shàngxiàn)
* 上陣 / 上阵 (shàngzhèn)
* 上陳 / 上陈 (Shàngchén)
* 上陳橋 / 上陈桥 (Shàngchénqiáo)
* 上陽宮 / 上阳宫
* 上面 (shàngmiàn)
* 上面兒 / 上面儿 (shàngmiànr)
* 上鞋 (shàngxié)
* 上頭 / 上头
* 上頭上腦 / 上头上脑
* 上頭上臉 / 上头上脸
* 上頭鋪臉 / 上头铺脸
* 上顎 / 上颚 (shàng'è)
* 上風 / 上风 (shàngfēng)
* 上館子 / 上馆子 (shàng guǎnzi)
* 上饒 / 上饶 (Shàngráo)
* 上首 (shàngshǒu)
* 上首徒弟
* 上香 (shàngxiāng)
* 上馬 / 上马 (shàngmǎ)
* 上馬杯 / 上马杯
* 上馬石 / 上马石
* 上馮 / 上冯 (Shàngféng)
* 上駟 / 上驷 (shàngsì)
* 上體 / 上体 (shàngtǐ)
* 上高坐
* 上鬟 (shànghuán)
* 上黨梆子 / 上党梆子
* 上龕 / 上龛 (Shàngkān)
* 不上 (bùshàng)
* 不上不下 (bùshàngbùxià)
* 不上不落
* 不上串
* 不上心
* 不上眼
* 不上算
* 不上臺盤 / 不上台盘
* 不上蘆葦 / 不上芦苇
* 不上路
* 不在心上
* 不求上進 / 不求上进
* 不相上下 (bùxiāngshàngxià)
* 世上 (shìshàng)
* 中上 (zhōngshàng)
* 主上 (zhǔshàng)
* 五星上將 / 五星上将 (wǔ xīng shàngjiàng)
* 人上人 (rénshàngrén)
* 人間天上 / 人间天上 (rénjiān tiānshàng)
* 人面上
* 今上 (jīnshàng)
* 以上 (yǐshàng)
* 作壁上觀 / 作壁上观 (zuòbìshàngguān)
* 供不上
* 俎上肉 (zǔshàngròu)
* 做分上
* 僭上偪下
* 兩上領 / 两上领
* 公事上人
* 最上
* 分上
* 利上加利
* 利上滾利 / 利上滚利
* 刮上
* 力圖上進 / 力图上进
* 力求上進 / 力求上进
* 力爭上流 / 力争上流
* 力爭上游 / 力争上游
* 北上 (běishàng)
* 北上宣言
* 半上落下
* 占上
* 占上游
* 占上風 (zhàn shàngfēng)
* 卯上
* 同上 (tóngshàng)
* 合上
* 向上 (xiàngshàng)
* 吃不上
* 呈上 (chéngshàng)
* 喜上眉梢 (xǐshàngméishāo)
* 因此上
* 地上 (dìshang)
* 地上權 / 地上权
* 地上物
* 圯上老人
* 地方上
* 坐上客
* 垂白上僂 / 垂白上偻
* 堂上 (tángshàng)
* 基本上 (jīběnshàng)
* 塞上曲
* 墊上運動 / 垫上运动
* 壁上泥皮
* 壁上觀 / 壁上观 (bìshàngguān)
* 夠不上 / 够不上
* 大清早上
* 大致上 (dàzhìshang)
* 大面兒上 / 大面儿上
* 大體上 / 大体上 (dàtǐshang)
* 天上 (tiānshàng)
* 太上 (tàishàng)
* 天上人間 / 天上人间 (tiānshàng rénjiān)
* 太上忘情
* 天上無雙 / 天上无双
* 太上皇 (tàishànghuáng)
* 天上石麟
* 太上老君 (Tàishàng Lǎojūn)
* 天上聖母 / 天上圣母 (Tiānshàng Shèngmǔ)
* 天上麒麟
* 奉上 (fèngshàng)
* 奈上祝下
* 奮發向上 / 奋发向上
* 安上
* 尊上
* 對上 / 对上 (duìshàng)
* 對不上號 / 对不上号
* 小上墳 / 小上坟
* 小上海 (Xiǎo Shànghǎi)
* 居下訕上 / 居下讪上
* 屋上建瓴 (wūshàngjiànlíng)
* 屋上架屋
* 屋上瞻烏 / 屋上瞻乌
* 山上 (Shānshàng)
* 山陰道上 / 山阴道上
* 差不上下
* 巴高望上
* 席上
* 席上之珍
* 帶上一筆 / 带上一笔
* 帶上門 / 带上门
* 幕上
* 幕上燕巢
* 平上去入
* 幹上了 / 干上了
* 床上功夫
* 床上安床 (chuángshàng'ānchuáng)
* 床上施床 (chuángshàngshīchuáng)
* 府上 (fǔshàng)
* 庭上
* 座上客 (zuòshàngkè)
* 引鬼上門 / 引鬼上门
* 彈性上班 / 弹性上班
* 形上學 / 形上学 (xíngshàngxué)
* 形而上 (xíng'érshàng)
* 形而上學 / 形而上学 (xíng'érshàngxué)
* 後來居上 / 后来居上 (hòuláijūshàng)
* 後手不上 / 后手不上
* 徒不上墓
* 徹上徹下 / 彻上彻下
* 心上 (xīnshàng)
* 心上人 (xīnshàngrén)
* 忙上加忙
* 忐上忑下
* 忽上忽下
* 怯上
* 愛上 / 爱上 (àishàng)
* 成千上萬 / 成千上万 (chéngqiānshàngwàn)
* 扒上
* 打上來 / 打上来
* 把上了
* 承上啟下 / 承上启下 (chéngshàngqǐxià)
* 找上門 / 找上门
* 扶上馬 / 扶上马
* 扶搖直上 / 扶摇直上 (fúyáozhíshàng)
* 拉上補下 / 拉上补下
* 抬到天上
* 拔宅上昇 / 拔宅上升
* 披掛上陣 / 披挂上阵
* 拾級而上 / 拾级而上 (shèjí'érshàng)
* 掌上之珠
* 掠上心頭 / 掠上心头
* 掌上明珠 (zhǎngshàngmíngzhū)
* 掌上河山
* 掌上珠
* 掌上舞
* 掌上觀紋 / 掌上观纹
* 掛上鉤 / 挂上钩
* 搶上 / 抢上
* 損上益下 / 损上益下
* 搭不上線 / 搭不上线
* 撲上 / 扑上
* 擱在心上 / 搁在心上
* 擺在心上 / 摆在心上
* 攻心為上 / 攻心为上
* 放在心上
* 敝上
* 敬上
* 敬上愛下 / 敬上爱下
* 數不上 / 数不上
* 旁行斜上
* 日上三竿 (rìshàngsāngān)
* 早上 (zǎoshang)
* 春上 (chūnshang)
* 晚上 (wǎnshang)
* 更上一層樓 / 更上一层楼 (gèngshàngyīcénglóu)
* 更上層樓 / 更上层楼
* 朗朗上口 (lǎnglǎngshàngkǒu)
* 木上座
* 末上
* 板上釘釘 / 板上钉钉 (bǎnshàngdìngdīng)
* 桑間濮上 / 桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
* 桌面兒上 / 桌面儿上
* 梁上君子 (liángshàngjūnzǐ)
* 桿兒上的 / 杆儿上的
* 梁獄上書 / 梁狱上书
* 楓林上城 / 枫林上城 (Fēnglínshàngchéng)
* 榻上
* 槓上了 / 杠上了 (gàngshàngle)
* 榜上無名 / 榜上无名
* 槓上開花 / 杠上开花 (gàngshàng kāihuā)
* 樓上 / 楼上 (lóushàng)
* 樹上開花 / 树上开花 (shùshàngkāihuā)
* 櫃上 / 柜上
* 檯面上 / 台面上
* 欺上罔下
* 欺主罔上
* 欺君罔上 (qījūnwǎngshàng)
* 欺心誑上 / 欺心诳上
* 殿上虎
* 比不上 (bǐbùshàng)
* 氈上拖毛 / 毡上拖毛
* 氣頭上 / 气头上 (qìtóushàng)
* 水上人家
* 水上居民
* 水上活動 / 水上活动
* 水上漚 / 水上沤
* 水上芭蕾
* 水上警察 (shuǐshàng jǐngchá)
* 水上運動 / 水上运动
* 水上飛機 / 水上飞机 (shuǐshàng fēijī)
* 池上 (Chíshàng)
* 沒上下 / 没上下
* 沒上沒下 / 没上没下
* 洑上水
* 派上用場 / 派上用场 (pàishàngyòngchǎng)
* 海上 (hǎishàng)
* 海上保險 / 海上保险
* 海上偵察 / 海上侦察
* 海上大學 / 海上大学
* 海上封鎖 / 海上封锁
* 浮上心頭 / 浮上心头
* 海上採油 / 海上采油
* 海上救難 / 海上救难
* 海上權 / 海上权
* 浮上水
* 海上法
* 海上滲透 / 海上渗透
* 海上巡邏 / 海上巡逻
* 海上都市
* 滬上 / 沪上
* 濮上 (púshàng)
* 濮上之音 (púshàngzhīyīn)
* 濮上桑間 / 濮上桑间
* 火上加油 (huǒshàngjiāyóu)
* 火上弄冰
* 火上添油
* 火上澆油 / 火上浇油 (huǒshàngjiāoyóu)
* 火頭上 / 火头上 (huǒtóushàng)
* 灶上的
* 灶上騷除 / 灶上骚除
* 炎上 (yánshàng)
* 炕上地下
* 炕上安鍋 / 炕上安锅
* 無上 / 无上 (wúshàng)
* 蒸蒸日上 (zhēngzhēngrìshàng)
* 燕巢幕上
* 爆炸上限
* 爬上爬下
* 牆上泥皮 / 墙上泥皮
* 牆上草 / 墙上草
* 牆頭馬上 / 墙头马上
* 犯上 (fànshàng)
* 犯上作亂 / 犯上作乱
* 犯不上 (fànbùshàng)
* 犯得上 (fàndeshàng)
* 犯的上
* 玄天上帝 (Xuántiān Shàngdì)
* 玉皇上帝 (Yùhuáng Shàngdì)
* 琅琅上口
* 甚囂塵上 / 甚嚣尘上 (shènxiāochénshàng)
* 界上
* 登上甲
* 發憤向上 / 发愤向上
* 皇上 (huángshang)
* 益上損下 / 益上损下
* 直上
* 直上直下
* 直上青雲 / 直上青云
* 看上 (kànshàng)
* 看上了
* 看不上
* 看得上眼
* 瞞上欺下 / 瞒上欺下
* 瞧上
* 瞧不上
* 瞧不上眼
* 矢在弦上
* 破上
* 砧上之肉
* 祖上 (zǔshàng)
* 禮上 / 礼上
* 稍占上風
* 稱得上 / 称得上 (chēngdeshàng)
* 節上生枝 / 节上生枝
* 節骨眼上 / 节骨眼上
* 算上
* 箭在弦上
* 紙上作業 / 纸上作业
* 紙上封鎖 / 纸上封锁
* 紙上空談 / 纸上空谈
* 紙上談兵 / 纸上谈兵 (zhǐshàngtánbīng)
* 紙上電影 / 纸上电影
* 綿上 / 绵上
* 網上活動 / 网上活动
* 網上購物 / 网上购物
* 網上雜誌 / 网上杂志
* 線上交友 / 线上交友
* 線上交易 / 线上交易
* 線上價目 / 线上价目
* 線上出版 / 线上出版
* 線上叩應 / 线上叩应
* 線上導覽 / 线上导览
* 線上投票 / 线上投票
* 線上掛號 / 线上挂号
* 線上新聞 / 线上新闻
* 線上書屋 / 线上书屋
* 線上書店 / 线上书店
* 線上期刊 / 线上期刊
* 線上查詢 / 线上查询
* 線上求助 / 线上求助
* 線上牙醫 / 线上牙医
* 線上百貨 / 线上百货
* 線上聊天 / 线上聊天
* 線上訂位 / 线上订位
* 線上訂書 / 线上订书
* 線上訂購 / 线上订购
* 線上訂閱 / 线上订阅
* 線上評鑑 / 线上评鉴
* 線上論壇 / 线上论坛
* 線上諮詢 / 线上谘询
* 線上購物 / 线上购物
* 線上郵購 / 线上邮购
* 罔上虐下
* 罪上加罪
* 羲皇上人
* 聖上 / 圣上 (shèngshàng)
* 肝火上炎
* 肩上肩下
* 股掌之上 (gǔ zhǎng zhī shàng)
* 腎上腺 / 肾上腺 (shènshàngxiàn)
* 腎上腺素 / 肾上腺素 (shènshàngxiànsù)
* 腦上腺 / 脑上腺
* 臉上 / 脸上
* 臉上無光 / 脸上无光
* 臉上貼金 / 脸上贴金
* 至上 (zhìshàng)
* 至高無上 / 至高无上 (zhìgāowúshàng)
* 茶上
* 草上霜
* 草上飛 / 草上飞
* 華燈初上 / 华灯初上
* 蜂擁而上 / 蜂拥而上 (fēngyǒng'érshàng)
* 螞蟻上樹 / 蚂蚁上树 (mǎyǐshàngshù)
* 街上 (jiēshang)
* 表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
* 裊裊上升 / 袅袅上升
* 親上作親 / 亲上作亲
* 親上加親 / 亲上加亲
* 親上成親 / 亲上成亲
* 計上心來 / 计上心来 (jìshàngxīnlái)
* 計上心頭 / 计上心头
* 討分上 / 讨分上
* 誑上 / 诳上
* 說不上 / 说不上 (shuōbushàng)
* 說不上來 / 说不上来
* 說分上 / 说分上
* 諂上抑下 / 谄上抑下
* 談不上 / 谈不上 (tánbúshàng)
* 謹上 / 谨上 (jǐnshàng)
* 豎柱上梁
* 豐上銳下 / 丰上锐下
* 貴上 / 贵上
* 買上告下 / 买上告下
* 走為上策 / 走为上策 (zǒuwéishàngcè)
* 走馬上任 / 走马上任 (zǒumǎshàngrèn)
* 趕上 / 赶上 (gǎnshàng)
* 趕不上 / 赶不上 (gǎnbùshàng)
* 趕不上趟 / 赶不上趟
* 趕得上 / 赶得上
* 跟上 (gēnshàng)
* 路上 (lùshàng)
* 跟不上 (gēnbùshàng)
* 躍然紙上 / 跃然纸上 (yuèránzhǐshàng)
* 身上 (shēnshàng)
* 輪番上陣 / 轮番上阵
* 輟耕壟上 / 辍耕垄上
* 近上
* 迎頭趕上 / 迎头赶上 (yíngtóu gǎnshàng)
* 送上天
* 送上門 / 送上门 (sòngshàngmén)
* 通身上下
* 遇上 (yùshàng)
* 道上
* 逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
* 邁上 / 迈上
* 配上
* 配不上 (pèibushàng)
* 錯上墳 / 错上坟
* 錦上添花 / 锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
* 長上 / 长上 (zhǎngshàng)
* 長安道上 / 长安道上
* 門上 / 门上
* 門上人 / 门上人
* 門上楣 / 门上楣
* 門上的 / 门上的
* 閉上 / 闭上 (bìshang)
* 闔上 / 阖上
* 阪上走丸 (bǎnshàngzǒuwán)
* 附上罔下
* 附下罔上
* 陌上桑
* 陣面上 / 阵面上
* 陵上虐下
* 難上加難 / 难上加难 (nánshàngjiānán)
* 難於上天 / 难于上天
* 雪上加霜 (xuěshàngjiāshuāng)
* 霸上
* 青雲直上 / 青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
* 青龍頭上 / 青龙头上
* 非常上訴 / 非常上诉
* 面上
* 面子上
* 韝上鷹 / 𫖕上鹰
* 頂上 / 顶上
* 頂上功夫 / 顶上功夫
* 頂頭上司 / 顶头上司
* 頭上安頭 / 头上安头
* 頭上抹下 / 头上抹下
* 頭上末下 / 头上末下
* 頰上添毫 / 颊上添毫
* 頭直上 / 头直上
* 頭髮上指 / 头发上指
* 風行水上 / 风行水上
* 馬上 / 马上 (mǎshàng)
* 馬上吹 / 马上吹
* 馬上緣 / 马上缘
* 駕上人 / 驾上人
* 騎上老虎 / 骑上老虎
* 高上
* 高攀不上
* 高高在上 (gāogāozàishàng)
* 髮上指冠 / 发上指冠
* 髮上衝冠 / 发上冲冠
* 鬼酉上車 / 鬼酉上车
* 鴨子上架 / 鸭子上架

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 上(じょう) (jō)
* → Korean: 상(上) (sang)
* → Vietnamese: thượng (上, “upper”), thướng (上, “to go up”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàng (shang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$
*** Yale: shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
*** Palladius: шан (šan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saang$^3$
*** Yale: saang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saang$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːŋ³³/

#### Definitions

上
* (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note do (1).
* (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note do (1).

#### Derived terms

* 𪛚 (shàng)
* 仩 (shàng)
* 𱝫 (shàng)

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 上 – see 緔 (“to sole a shoe”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 緔).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 上 – see 鞝. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鞝).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Further reading

* “上”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “上”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, pages 91, 488.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* above, high, up
* earlier
* excellent, top
* certain time or place in the past
* limit
* climb, rise
* offer
* go to the center
* raise, bring up
* one of the four tones of Middle Chinese
* short for 上野国 (Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Sō-on: しゃん (shan)
* Kun: うえ (ue, 上, Jōyō)、うわ (uwa, 上, Jōyō $^†$)、かみ (kami, 上, Jōyō)、あげる (ageru, 上げる, Jōyō)、あがる (agaru, 上がる, Jōyō)、あがり (agari, 上がり)、のぼる (noboru, 上る, Jōyō)、のぼり (nobori, 上り)、のぼせる (noboseru, 上せる, Jōyō)、のぼす (nobosu, 上す, Jōyō)、たてまつる (tatematsuru, 上る)、ほとり (hotori, 上)
* Nanori: あおい (aoi)、あげ (age)、い (i)、か (ka)、かき (kaki)、かず (kazu)、かん (kan)、こう (kō)、のぼり (nobori)、ほつ (hotsu)

#### Compounds

* 上上(じょうじょう), 上々(じょうじょう) (jōjō)
* 上位(じょうい) (jōi)
* 上映(じょうえい) (jōei)
* 上演(じょうえん) (jōen)
* 上官(じょうかん) (jōkan)
* 上機(じょうき) (jōki)
* 上級(じょうきゅう) (jōkyū)
* 上京(じょうきょう) (jōkyō)
* 上空(じょうくう) (jōkū)
* 上下(じょうげ) (jōge)
* 上戸(じょうご) (jōgo)
* 上告(じょうこく) (jōkoku)
* 上司(じょうし) (jōshi)
* 上州(じょうしゅう) (Jōshū)
* 上旬(じょうじゅん) (jōjun)
* 上声(じょうしょう) (jōshō)
* 上昇(じょうしょう) (jōshō)
* 上場(じょうじょう) (jōjō)
* 上手(じょうず) (jōzu)
* 上声(じょうせい) (jōsei)
* 上船(じょうせん) (jōsen)
* 上層(じょうそう) (jōsō)
* 上奏(じょうそう) (jōsō)
* 上代(じょうだい) (jōdai)
* 上(じょう)達(たつ) (jōtatsu)
* 上段(じょうだん) (jōdan)
* 上等(じょうとう) (jōtō)
* 上人(しょうにん) (shōnin)
* 上納(じょうのう) (jōnō)
* 上品(じょうひん) (jōhin)
* 上部(じょうぶ) (jōbu)
* 上陸(じょうりく) (jōriku)
* 上流(じょうりゅう) (jōryū)
* 上林(じょうりん) (jōrin)
* 上石(あげいし) (ageishi)
* 平上(ひょうじょう)去入(きょにゅう) (hyōjōkyonyū)
* 上手(うま)い (umai)
* 上(シャン)海(ハイ) (Shanhai, “Shanghai”)
* 逆上(のぼ)せる (noboseru)
* 上枝(ほつえ) (hotsue)
* 嶺(リン)上(シャン)開(カイ)花(ホー) (rinshan kaihō)
* 嶺(リン)上(シャン)牌(パイ) (rinshanpai)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* うえ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
⟨upe$_2$⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.
Unbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うえ [ùé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟e̞]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

上(うえ) • (ue)
* the above
    『上(うえ)を向(む)いて歩(ある)こう』
       “Ue o Muite Arukō”
       Walk Looking Up
* the top (position or direction)
    箱(はこ)の上(うえ)
       hako no ue
       top of the box
* the surface
    水(みず)の上(うえ)に浮(う)かぶ
       mizu no ue ni ukabu
       to float upon the water
* superiority (in skill, age, level, etc.)
    一(ひと)つ上(うえ)の先輩(せんぱい)
       hitotsu ue no senpai
       senior who is one year older
    二(ふた)回(まわ)り上(うえ)の上司(じょうし)
       futamawari-ue no jōshi
       boss who is twenty-four years older (than someone else)

##### Antonyms

* 下(した) (shita)

##### Derived terms

* 上上(うえうえ), 上々(うえうえ) (ueue)
* 上方(うえざま) (ue-zama)
* 上杉(うえすぎ) (Uesugi)
* 上(うえ)野(の) (Ueno)
* 上(うえ)屋(や) (ueya)

##### Idioms

* 上(うえ)に立(た)つ (ue ni tatsu)
* 上(うえ)には上(うえ)がある (ue ni wa ue ga aru)
* 上(うえ)見(み)ぬ鷲(わし) (ue minu washi)
* 上(うえ)を行(い)く (ue o iku)
* 上(うえ)を下(した)へ (ue o shita e)
* 上(うえ)を見(み)る (ue o miru)

#### Suffix

上(うえ) • (-ue)
* suffix addressing to a superior

##### Derived terms

* 兄上(あにうえ) (ani-ue)
* 姉上(あねうえ) (ane-ue)
* 父上(ちちうえ) (chichi-ue)
* 母上(ははうえ) (haha-ue)

#### Proper noun

上(うえ) • (Ue)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* うわ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/
From Old Japanese. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɯ̟β̞a̠]

#### Noun

上(うわ) • (uwa)
* upper, over

##### Derived terms

* 上上(うわうわ), 浮浮(うわうわ) (uwauwa)
* 上顎(うわあご) (uwaago)
* 上臼(うわうす) (uwausu)
* 上(うわ)絵(え) (uwae)
* 上(うわ)枝(えだ) (uwaeda)
* 上襟(うわえり), 上衿(うわえり), 上領(うわえり) (uwaeri)
* 上帯(うわおび) (uwaobi)
* 上掛(うわがけ), 上(うわ)掛(が)け (uwagake)
* 浮気(うわき) (uwaki)
* 上(うわ)着(ぎ) (uwagi)
* 上(うわ)衣(ぎ) (uwagi)
* 噂(うわさ) (uwasa)
* 上棚(うわだな), 上枻(うわだな) (uwadana)
* 上(うわ)手(て) (uwate)
* 上(うわ)剥(は)げ (uwahage)
* 後妻(うわなり) (uwanari)
* 上(うわ)荷(に) (uwani)
* 上(うわ)値(ね) (uwane)
* 上(うわ)歯(ば) (uwaba)
* 上履(うわばき), 上(うわ)履(ば)き (uwabaki)
* 上張(うわばり), 上(うわ)張(ば)り (uwabari)
* 上(うわ)翳(ひ) (uwahi)
* 上(うわ)辺(べ) (uwabe)
* 上(うわ)目(め) (uwame)
* 上(うわ)屋(や) (uwaya)

#### Proper noun

上(うわ) • (Uwa)
* a place name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* へ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 上
* え Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
⟨upe$_2$⟩ → ⟨pe$_2$⟩ → */pe/ → /fe/ → /he/
Short-form of or shift from ue, ancient upe (see above). Realized as -e in some compounds.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [he̞]
* IPA: [e̞]

##### Usage notes

The senses are the same with ue.

##### Derived terms

* 尾上(おのえ) (onoe)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* かみ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
⟨kami$_1$⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/
From Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).
Distinct from 神 (⟨kami$_2$⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かみ [káꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠mʲi]

#### Noun

上(かみ) • (kami)
* the start
* a high place; the top
* one with higher rank

##### Antonyms

* 下(しも) (shimo)

##### Derived terms

* 上(かみ)する (kamisuru)
* 守(かみ) (kami)
* 上(かみ)泉(いずみ) (kamīzumi)
* 上(かみ)一段(いちだん)活用(かつよう) (kami ichidan katsuyō)
* 上(かみ)一人(いちにん) (kami ichinin), 上(かみ)御(ご)一人(いちにん) (kami go-ichinin)
* 上(かみ)女(おんな) (kami-onna)
* 上(かみ)掛(がかり) (kami-gakari)
* 上方(かみがた) (kamigata)
* 上(かみ)御所(ごしょ) (kami gosho)
* 上様(かみざま), 上方(かみざま) (kami-zama)
* 上下(かみしも), 裃(かみしも) (kamishimo)
* 上(かみつ)毛野(けの) (Kamitsukeno), 上野(こうずけ) (Kōzuke)
* 上(かみつ)総(ふさ) (Kamitsufusa), 上総(かずさ) (Kazusa)
* 上(かみ)つ世(よ), 上(かみ)つ代(よ) (kami tsu yo)
* 上(かみ)問(どい)屋(や) (kami-doiya)
* 上(かみ)長押(なげし) (kami nageshi)
* 上(かみ)二段(にだん)活用(かつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)
* 上(かみ)の戸(と) (kami no to)
* 上(かみ)の間(ま) (kami no ma)
* 上(かみ)の町(まち) (kami no machi)
* 上機(かみはた) (kamihata)
* 上(かみ)辺(べ) (kamibe)
* 上(かみ)無(む) (kami mu)
* 上(かみ)無調(むちょう) (kami muchō)
* 石(いその)上(かみ) (Isonokami)
* 氏(うじ)の上(かみ) (Uji no Kami)
* 兄(このかみ), 首(このかみ), 氏上(このかみ) (konokami)

##### Idioms

* 上(かみ)漏(も)り下(しも)潤(うるお)う (kami mori shimo uruou)
* 上(かみ)を学(まな)ぶ下(しも) (kami o manabu shimo)

#### Proper noun

上(かみ) • (Kami)
* a place name
* a surname

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* かん Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/
Contraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami$_1$⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

上(かん) • (kan)
* (obsolete) Same as かみ (kami) above

##### Usage notes

Generally only found when followed by the genitive / possessive particles の (no) or つ (tsu).

##### Derived terms

* 上達(かんだち)部(べ) (kandachibe), 上達(かんだち)部(め) (kandachime)
* 上(かん)林(ばやし) (Kanbayashi)
* 上牧(かんまき) (Kanmaki)

#### Proper noun

上(かん) • (Kan)
* a place name

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* じょう Grade: 1
* goon
/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょー [jóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ː]
* Pitch accent for suffix unknown.

#### Noun

上(じょう) • (jō)
* the first volume in a two- or three-volume set
    Antonym: 下 (ge)

#### Suffix

上(じょう) • (-jō)
* from the standpoint of...
    理(り)論(ろん)上(じょう)はありえないこと
       riron-jō wa arienai koto
       something that is impossible according to theory
    法(ほう)律(りつ)上(じょう)の争(そう)訟(しょう)
       hōritsu-jō no sōshō
       legal dispute
* aboard (a plane, ship, etc.)
* above, in, on

##### Derived terms

* 鞍上(あんじょう) (anjō)
* 海上(かいじょう) (kaijō)
* 階上(かいじょう) (kaijō)
* 机上(きじょう) (kijō)
* 機上(きじょう) (kijō)
* 計上(けいじょう) (keijō)
* 啓上(けいじょう) (keijō)
* 最上(さいじょう) (saijō)
* 參上(さんじょう) (sanjō)
* 至上(しじょう) (shijō)
* 紙上(しじょう) (shijō)
* 史上(しじょう) (shijō)
* 誌上(しじょう) (shijō)
* 主上(しゅじょう) (shujō)
* 水上(すいじょう) (suijō)
* 線上(せんじょう) (senjō)
* 船上(せんじょう) (senjō)
* 壇上(だんじょう) (danjō)
* 地上(ちじょう) (chijō)
* 天上(てんじょう) (tenjō)
* 殿上(てんじょう) (tenjō)
* 馬上(ばじょう) (bajō)
* 盤上(ばんじょう) (banjō)
* 陸上(りくじょう) (rikujō)

#### Proper noun

上(じょう) • (Jō)
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

上 (eumhun 윗 상 (wit sang))
* hanja form of 상 (“up; top; first; best”)

#### Compounds

* 향상 (向上, hyangsang)
* 이상 (以上, isang)
* 정상 (頂上, jeongsang)
* 세상 (世上, sesang)
* 황상 (皇上, hwangsang)
* 상경 (上京, sanggyeong)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

上: Hán Việt readings: thượng (時(thì)亮(lượng)切(thiết))
上: Nôm readings: thượng
* chữ Hán form of thượng (“upper; higher; top”).

#### Compounds

* 上佐 (thượng tá)
* 上士 (thượng sĩ)
* 上將 (thượng tướng)
* 上尉 (thượng úy/thượng uý)
* 上層 (thượng tầng)
* 上流 (thượng lưu)
* 上游 (thượng du)
* 上行 (thượng hạng)
* 上議士 (thượng nghị sĩ)
* 上議院 (thượng nghị viện)
* 上院 (thượng viện)
* 上頂 (thượng đỉnh)
* 皇上 (hoàng thượng)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).