# 橘

| 橘 | U+6A58, &#27224; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A58 |
| ← 橗 [U+6A57] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 橙 → [U+6A59] |

## Translingual
### Han character

橘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 4792$_7$, composition ⿰木矞)

#### Derived characters

* 𮒬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551
* Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6A58

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 橘
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 瞲 | *qʰʷilʔ, *qʰʷids, *qʰʷiːd |
| 璚 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 劀 | *kʷriːd, *kʷreːd |
| 鱊 | *kʷriːd, *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid |
| 譎 | *kʷiːd |
| 潏 | *kʷiːd, *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid |
| 鐍 | *kʷiːd |
| 憰 | *kʷiːd |
| 噊 | *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid |
| 驈 | *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid |
| 橘 | *kʷid |
| 繘 | *kʷid, *ɢʷid |
| 獝 | *qʰʷid |
| 燏 | *ɢʷid |
| 遹 | *ɢʷid |
| 鷸 | *ɢʷid |
| 矞 | *ɢʷid |
| 霱 | *ɢʷid |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷid): semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid).

### Etymology

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.

#### slang for lesbian

    From the Chinese subtitle of a Japanese yuri manga series citrus～柑橘味香气.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jú (ju$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kit
* Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat / kit
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$cioq; $^7$ciuq / $^7$ciuq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jú
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^2$
*** Yale: jyú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwat$^1$
*** Yale: gwāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gued$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
*** Hakka Romanization System: gid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jyeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat
*** Tâi-lô: kiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiad
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kit
*** Tâi-lô: kit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kid
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kit̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$cioq; $^7$ciuq
*** MiniDict: cioh$^入$; ciuih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$jioq; $^4$jyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$ciuq
*** MiniDict: ciuih$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit橘 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕy³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕiu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕai²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕyn²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kit̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɐt̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kɐt̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kwɐt̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kut̚³²/ /kiat̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xi²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kik̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kit̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjwit
Rime :
| Character | 橘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居聿切 |
| Baxter | kjwit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ju |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷid/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 橘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjwit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.k]ʷi[t]/ |
| English | orange (tangerine?) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 橘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16015 |
| Phonetic component | 矞 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 橘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷid/ |

### Definitions

橘
* mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange
* (Mainland China, slang) lesbian [2018–]
    橘裡橘氣／橘里橘气 ― júlǐjúqì ― sapphic attachment (slang)
    橘外人 ― júwàirén ― a female (usually hetero) not involved in a lesbian relationship or group (a pun on 局外人 (júwàirén, “outsider”)

#### Usage notes

See 桔 (not applicable to the slang sense).

#### Compounds

* 千頭橘奴 / 千头橘奴
* 南橘北枳 (nánjúběizhǐ)
* 懷橘 / 怀橘
* 柑橘 (gānjú)
* 橘井
* 橘化為枳 / 橘化为枳
* 橘奴
* 橘子 (júzi)
* 橘柑
* 橘河
* 橘皮 (júpí)
* 橘紅 / 橘红 (júhóng)
* 橘絡 / 橘络 (júluò)
* 橘色 (júsè)
* 橘酒
* 橘頌 / 橘颂 (Júsòng)
* 橘餅 / 橘饼
* 橘黃 / 橘黄 (júhuáng)
* 砂糖橘 (shātángjú)
* 福橘
* 蔓越橘 (mànyuèjú)
* 蜜橘
* 越橘 (yuèjú)
* 金橘 (jīnjú)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 橘(きつ) (kitsu)
* → Korean: 귤(橘) (gyul)
* → Vietnamese: quất (橘)
* → Vietnamese: quít

### References

* “橘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: きち (kichi)
* Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
* Kun: たちばな (tachibana, 橘)

#### Compounds

* 橘(き)皮(がわ) (kigawa, peel of the tachibana fruit)
* 橘中(きっちゅう) (kitchū)
* 温州(うんしゅう)橘(きつ) (Unshūkitsu, Citrus unshiu)
* 柑(かんき)橘(つ) (kankitsu)
** 柑橘(かんきつ)類(るい) (kankitsu-rui, citrus fruits as a whole)
* 月(ゲッ)橘(キツ) (gekkitsu, “orange jessamine”, Murraya paniculata)
* 香(こう)橘(きつ) (kōkitsu)
* 四季(シキ)橘(キツ) (shikikitsu, “calamondin”, Citrus × microcarpa)
* 臭(しゅう)橘(きつ) (shūkitsu, trifoliate orange)
* 盧(ろ)橘(きつ) (rokitsu)
* 金橘(キンカン) (kinkan)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 橘
* たちばな Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.
According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.
A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (hana, “flower”).
Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たちばな [tàchíꜜbànà] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠t͡ɕiba̠na̠]

#### Noun

橘(たちばな) or 橘(タチバナ) • (tachibana)
* Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan
    Synonym: 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)
    Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)
* Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
* Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”)
* (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
* a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タチバナ.

##### Derived terms

* 橘(たちばな)を (tachibana o, pillow word)
* 橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
* 橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)
* 橘(たちばな)鳥(どり) (tachibanadori, “lesser cuckoo”)
* 橘(タチバナ)擬(モドキ) (tachibanamodoki, Pyracantha angustifolia)
* 橘(たちばな)屋(や) (Tachibana-ya)
* 橘(たちばな)焼(やき), 橘(たちばな)焼(や)き (tachibana-yaki)
* 橘(たちばな)湾(わん) (Tachibana-wan)
* 右近(うこん)の橘(たちばな) (Ukon no Tachibana), 御(み)階(はし)の橘(たちばな) (Mihashi no Tachibana)
* 弟橘(おとたちばな)媛(ひめ) (Ototachibana-hime), 橘(たちばな)媛(ひめ) (Tachibana-hime)
* 枸橘(カラタチ) (karatachi, “trifoliate orange”, Citrus trifoliata)
* 唐(カラ)橘(タチバナ) (kara-tachibana)
* 草(クサ)橘(タチバナ) (kusa-tachibana)
* 御(ゴ)前(ゼン)橘(タチバナ) (Gozen tachibana)
* 酢(ス)橘(ダチ) (sudachi, “sudachi”, Citrus sudachi)
* 大明(タイミン)橘(タチバナ) (Taimin-tachibana, “Myrsine neriifolia”)
* 花(はな)橘(たちばな) (hanatachibana)
* 姫(ひめ)橘(たちばな) (hime-tachibana)
* 山(やま)橘(たちばな) (yama-tachibana)
* 大和(やまと)橘(たちばな) (Yamato tachibana)

##### Idioms

* 江南(こうなん)の橘(たちばな)江(こう)北(ほく)の枳(からたち)となる (Kōnan no tachibana Kōhoku no karatachi to naru)

#### Proper noun

橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana)
* short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
* (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
    Hypernym: 桜 (Sakura)
* (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
* (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
* a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
* a surname

##### Derived terms

* 橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
* 橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 橘
* きつ Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 橘 (MC kjwit).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲit͡sɨ]

#### Affix

橘(きつ) • (kitsu)
* Citrus tachibana
* the Tachibana clan

##### Derived terms

* 橘家(きっけ)神道(しんとう) (Kikke Shintō)
* 源平藤橘(げんぺいとうきつ) (Genpeitōkitsu, the four major clans in the Nara period: Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana)

#### Proper noun

橘(きつ) • (Kitsu)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))
* hanja form of 귤 (“tangerine”)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.
According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.
A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (pana, “flower”).

### Noun

橘 (tatibana) (kana たちばな)
* any raw edible citrus fruit
* Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit

#### Derived terms

* 橘を (tatibana wo, pillow word)
* 弟橘媛 (Oto$_2$tatibana-pi$_1$me$_1$)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 橘 (tachibana)

### Proper noun

橘 (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)
* a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 橘 (Tachibana)

### References

* 1 2 “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Vietnamese
### Han character

橘: Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.