# tart
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /tɑɹt/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɑːt/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t

### Etymology 1

From Middle English tart, from Old English teart (“sharp, rough, severe”), from Proto-West Germanic *tart, from Proto-Germanic *tartaz (“rough, sharp, tearing”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, cleave”). Related to Scots tairt (“tart; tartness”), Dutch tarten (“to defy, challenge, mock”), German trotzen (“to defy, brave, mock”), perhaps Albanian thartë (“sour, acid, sharp”).

#### Adjective

tart (comparative tarter, superlative tartest)
* Sharp to the taste; acid; sour.
    I ate a very tart apple.
* (of wine) high or too high in acidity.
* (figuratively) Sharp; keen; severe.
    He gave me a very tart reply.

##### Synonyms

* (of wine: high in acidity): green

##### Derived terms

* tarten
* tartness

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English tart, tarte, from Old French tarte, tartre (“flat pastry”) (compare Medieval Latin tarta), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Old French torte, tourte, from Latin turta, perhaps from tŏrta f (“twisted”), in which case it would be cognate to torta.

#### Noun

tart (plural tarts)
* A type of small open pie, or piece of pastry, now typically containing jelly (US) / jam (UK) or conserve, or sometimes other fillings (chocolate, custard, egg, butter, historically even meat or other savory fillings).
* A melt (block of wax for use in a tart burner).

##### Derived terms

* Bakewell tart
* Banbury tart
* butter tart
* chess tart
* custard tart
* egg custard tart
* egg tart
* gooseberry tart
* gypsy tart
* kueh tart
* kuih tart
* Linzer tart
* maid-of-honor tart
* maid of honor tart
* maid-of-honour tart
* Maid of Honour tart
* maid of honour tart
* maids of honour tart
* Manchester tart
* neenish tart
* pineapple tart
* raspberry tart
* snake tart
* taffety tart
* tart ring
* treacle tart

##### Related terms

* tort
* torta
* torte
* torture

##### Descendants

* → Cantonese: 撻 / 挞 (taat$^1$)

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From a rebracketing of sweetheart, or from jam tart (“attractive woman”) by shortening.

#### Noun

tart (plural tarts)
* (British, slang) A prostitute.
* (British, slang, derogatory, by extension) Any woman with loose sexual morals.
** 1950, Roy E. Blick (police inspector), testimony before the United States Congress‎:We know the majority of the places that these tarts will hang out at.
** 2013 November 13, “Costa Concordia captain's mistress reveals late night sex sessions in cabin before doomed cruise liner sank”, in Daily Mirror‎:She told the Sun: "I'm talked about as an 'easy girl', the 'blonde slut' who distracted the captain and caused the crash. It's so wrong. I'm not some little tart."

##### Synonyms

* (prostitute): See also Thesaurus:prostitute
* (prostitute): See also Thesaurus:promiscuous woman

##### Derived terms

* card tart
* cart tart
* credit card tart
* rate tart
* tart card
* tartlet

##### Translations
#### Verb

tart (third-person singular simple present tarts, present participle tarting, simple past and past participle tarted)
* To practice prostitution.
* To practice promiscuous sex.
* To dress garishly, ostentatiously, whorishly, or sluttily.

##### Derived terms

* pop tart (slang)
* tart up

### Anagrams

* Trat, trat, attr

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑrt

### Verb

tart
* inflection of tarten:
** first/second/third-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɒrt]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒrt

### Etymology 1

Of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tarttɜ- (“to cling to, stick to, get caught”), compare Proto-Finnic *tarttudak (“to stick, adhere; grab, seize”).

#### Verb

tart
* (heading) To force someone or something to remain in place or in position by counteracting another force.
** (transitive) to hold, keep (with locative suffixes or lative suffixes)
    Synonym: fog
    Könyvet tart a kezében. ― He holds a book in his hand.
** (transitive) to support (keep in the same place, withstanding its weight)
    Synonyms: támaszt, megtámaszt, megtart
    Antonym: elenged (“to let go”)
    A falak tartják a tetőt. ― The walls support the roof.
** (transitive) to keep, keep up, preserve, retain (to hold something in the same status or condition, not letting it change or cease)
    Synonyms: őriz, megőriz
    A hűtő hidegen tartja az ételt. ― The refrigerator keeps the food cold.
    Tartja az iramot. ― He/she/it keeps up the pace.
** (transitive) to keep (not give up or relinquish)
    Synonyms: őriz, megőriz, megtart
    Tudsz titkot tartani? ― Can you keep a secret?
** (transitive) to keep back, hold back, hinder, detain, retain (optionally with locative suffixes)
    Synonyms: tartóztat, marasztal, hátráltat, akadályoz, gátol, visszatart, visszafog, visszafojt, elfog, megállít
** (transitive) to keep, observe, follow (rule, obligation, custom, tradition, or ritual)
    Synonyms: követ, betart, megtart, igazodik
** (transitive) to keep (to remain faithful to a given promise, word, bet or wager)
    Synonyms: betart, megtart
    (idiomatic): Tartja a szavát. ― He keeps his word. (i.e. a promise)
** (transitive) to keep, maintain, cultivate, foster, harbor, nurse, nurture, cherish (relationship with any acquaintance, familial relations, or bad feelings, grudge towards someone)
    Synonyms: fenntart, ápol, táplál
* (heading) To provide some person or another being with a place to stay or a way of life, supplying them, or to keep, own something temporarily somewhere.
** (transitive) to employ, hire, keep, have (someone for regular service)
    Synonyms: alkalmaz, foglalkoztat
    Bejárónőt tart. ― S/he employs a daily help.
** (transitive) to keep, raise, farm (a pet or other animal)
    Synonyms: gondoz, gondoskodik
    Kutyát tart. ― S/he keeps a dog.
** (transitive) to keep, store (to hold something in the same place; with locative suffixes)
    Synonyms: tárol (“to store”), őriz (“to guard”), eltesz
    A fontos papírokat a fiókban tartom. ― I keep the important documents in the drawer.
* (heading) To perform an action that takes some time.
** (transitive) to have, hold, give, conduct, perform (a lecture, performance, presentation, meeting, etc.; on something: -ról/-ről)
    Synonyms: rendez, szervez
** (transitive) to take (a break)
    szünetet tart ― to take a break
* (heading) To believe, deem, consider.
** (transitive) to find, think, deem, consider, regard something (with -nak/-nek)
    Synonyms: gondol, vél, lát, ítél, tekint
    Ezt az ötletet jónak tartom. ― I think this is a good idea. (literally, “I find this idea good.”)
    Saját felelősségemnek tartom. ― I consider it (as) my own responsibility
** (transitive) to esteem, deem, regard, think highly or poorly of (with -ra/-re)
    Synonyms: becsül, értékel
    Sokra tartom ezt az embert. ― I highly think of this person.
* (heading) To go on for a certain time, to extend to a certain limit.
** (intransitive, of some program, event etc.) to last, continue, go on, to be in progress (used with -tól/-től … -ig)
    Synonyms: folyik, zajlik
    Antonyms: befejeződik, végződik, véget ér (“to end”), megszakad, félbeszakad (“to be interrupted”)
    Az előadás délig tart. ― The lecture goes on until noon. (The lecture ends at noon)
    Tart még a film a tévében? ― Is the film still playing on TV?
** (intransitive) to take up space, extend
    Synonyms: ér, terjed
    A dugó a Petőfi utcától a Kossuth utcáig tart. ― The traffic jam extends from Petőfi Street up to Kossuth Street.
* (heading) To be somewhere in a progress or to go somewhere.
** (intransitive) to be at, to have got(ten) to some point (while proceeding, momentarily describing how far a process has gone; used with locative suffixes)
    Synonyms: van, áll, jut(ott)
    A könyv elején tartok. ― I am at the beginning of the book.
    Hol tartasz a munkával? ― How far have you got with your work?
** (intransitive, slightly literary) to head to some direction, to be bound somewhere (with lative suffixes)
    Synonyms: megy, halad, (of a road, path, etc.) vezet
    Merre tartasz? ― Where are you headed?
** (intransitive, slightly literary) to join or accompany someone (with -val/-vel)
    Synonyms: megy, jön, csatlakozik
    Velünk tartasz? ― Will you join us?
** (intransitive, mathematics) to converge, have limit at (-hoz/-hez/-höz or -ba/-be)
    Synonym: konvergál
    A sorozat 0-hoz tart. ― The sequence converges to 0.
* (heading) To be afraid of or sorry about something.
** (intransitive) to fear, to be afraid or apprehensive (of someone or something -tól/-től)
    Synonyms: fél, aggódik
    Tartok a betörőktől. ― I’m afraid of burglars.
*** 1990, Róbert Hámori, Egérderby, Budapest: Eötvös Kiadó, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 8:A dzsip a lépcsőháztól nem messze parkol, balra, ide tessékelnek be, a feszültség azért már oldódik, a rendőrök is érzik, tudják, nincs mitől tartaniuk, épp eléggé elfoglal engem a magam baja, nemhogy szökésre gondoljak.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (intransitive, construed with attól) to be afraid, to be regretful, to be sorry
    Synonyms: sajnál, restell
    Attól tartok, nem tudok ebben segíteni önnek/neked. ― I am afraid I cannot help you in this matter.

##### Derived terms

* tartalék
* tartalom
* tartam
* tartály
* tartás
* tarthatatlan
* tartható
* tartogat
* tartomány
* tartó
* tartós
* tartózik (obsolete) → tartóztat
* jóltart
* karbantart
* nyilvántart
(With verbal prefixes):
* áttart
* betart
* eltart
* előretart
* feltart
* fenntart
* idetart
* kitart
* megtart
* odatart
* összetart
* rátart
* széttart
* visszatart
* becsben tart
* észben tart
* féken tart
* fogva tart
* lépést tart
* sakkban tart
* szemmel tart
* tartja a szavát
* titokban tart

### Etymology 2

tar (“bald”) +‎ -t (accusative suffix)

#### Adjective

tart
* accusative singular of tar

### References

* ↑ Entry #1029 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ tart in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

### Further reading

* tart in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish tart, from Proto-Celtic *tartus, from Proto-Indo-European *térstus, from *ters- (“dry”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /t̪ˠɑɾˠt̪ˠ/
* (Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /t̪ˠaɾˠt̪ˠ/

### Noun

tart m (genitive singular tarta)
* thirst
    Tá tart orm. ― I am thirsty. (literally, “Thirst is on me.”)
    Chuir an liamhás tart air. ― The ham made him thirsty. (literally, “The ham put thirst on him.”)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
tart
vocative
a thart
genitive
tarta
dative
tart
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an tart
genitive
an tarta
dative
leis an tart don tart :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tart”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 24, page 14
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 380, page 128

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tart”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 722
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tart”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English teart, from Proto-Germanic *tartaz.

#### Alternative forms

* (Early ME) teart
* tarte, terte

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tart/
* (dialectal) IPA: /tɛːrt/

#### Adjective

tart (rare)
* Sour, tart; having much acidity.
* (Early Middle English) Acute, keen; showing sharpness.

##### Descendants

* English: tart, teart
* Scots: tairt

##### References

* “tart, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-25.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

tart
* Alternative form of tarte

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse tartr. Doublet of tert.

### Noun

tart m (definite singular tarten, indefinite plural tarter, definite plural tartene)
* (zoology) a small salmon
    Synonym: svele

### References

* “tart” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* ratt

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse tartr. Doublet of tert.

### Noun

tart m (definite singular tarten, indefinite plural tartar, definite plural tartane)
* (zoology) a small salmon
    Synonyms: silung, svelung, svele

### References

* “tart” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* ratt

## Old French
### Adjective

tart m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tarde)
* late (after the end of a given period)

### Adverb

tart
* late (after the end of a given period)

#### Related terms

* tarder

#### Descendants

* French: tard

## Old Irish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *tartus, from Proto-Indo-European *térstus, from *ters- (“dry”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tar͈t/

#### Noun

tart m (genitive tarta)
* thirst

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Descendants

* Irish: tart
* Scottish Gaelic: tart
* Manx: taart

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tart”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tar͈d/

#### Verb

·tart
* first-person singular present subjunctive perfective prototonic of do·beir

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Norse
### Noun

tart
* accusative singular indefinite of tartr m

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtart/
* Rhymes: -art
* Syllabification: tart

### Noun

tart
* genitive plural of tarta