# 神風
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 神風 (kamikaze).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shénfēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ ㄈㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^4$ fung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîn-hong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shénfēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ ㄈㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shénfong
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^2$-fêng$^1$
*** Yale: shén-fēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shernfeng
*** Palladius: шэньфэн (šɛnʹfɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Yale: sàhn fūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn-hong
*** Tâi-lô: sîn-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinhofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

### Noun

神風
* kamikaze

### Verb

神風
* to kamikaze

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 風 |
| かみ Grade: 3 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神風 (kyūjitai)
/kamukaze/ → /kamikaze/
Shift from Old Japanese kamukaze (see below).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かみかぜ [kàmíꜜkàzè] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ka̠mʲika̠ze̞]

#### Noun

神(かみ)風(かぜ) • (kamikaze)
* a divine wind
* a kamikaze, a suicide pilot in World War Two
* (figurative) a reckless and dangerous action
* the typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the late 1200s: see Mongol invasions of Japan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

##### Usage notes

This kamikaze spelling is also the ultimate source of English kamikaze, but by a circuitous route. The characters appear in 神(しん)風(ぷう)特(とく)別(べつ)攻(こう)撃(げき)隊(たい) (shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai, “shinpū special attack unit”), the name of airborne kamikaze units surely named after the typhoon but using the on'yomi or Sino-Japanese reading shinpū (see below). The kamikaze reading was used informally in the Japanese media at the time, and this made its way into English. For more, see Kamikaze on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
The Japanese term for referring to the WWII suicide pilots is the abbreviated form 特(とっ)攻(こう)隊(たい) (tokkōtai).

##### Derived terms

* 神(かみ)風(かぜ)タクシー (kamikaze takushī): a kamikaze taxi, a taxi driven recklessly fast
* 神(かみ)風(かぜ)の (kamikaze no): an epithet alluding to Ise
* 神(かみ)風(かぜ)や (kamikaze ya): an epithet alluding to Ise

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 風 |
| かむ Grade: 3 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神風 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Compound of 神 (kamu, “god, deity”, the ancient combining form of modern kami) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠mɯ̟ka̠ze̞]

#### Noun

神(かむ)風(かぜ) • (kamukaze)
* (archaic) a divine wind
* (archaic) the typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the late 1200s: see Mongol invasions of Japan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

##### Derived terms

* 神(かむ)風(かぜ)の (kamukaze no): an epithet alluding to Ise
* 神(かむ)風(かぜ)や (kamukaze ya): an epithet alluding to Ise

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 風 |
| かん Grade: 3 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神風 (kyūjitai)
/kamukaze/ → /kankaze/
From Old Japanese. Shift from earlier kamukaze (see above).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ŋka̠ze̞]

#### Noun

神(かん)風(かぜ) • (kankaze)
* (archaic) a divine wind
* (archaic) the typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the late 1200s: see Mongol invasions of Japan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 風 |
| しん Grade: 3 | ふう > ぷう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神風 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 神風 (MC zyin pjuwng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんぷう [shìńpúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩmpɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

神(しん)風(ぷう) • (shinpū)
* a divine wind

##### Derived terms

* 神(しん)風(ぷう)連(れん) (Shinpūren): the Shinpūren or “Divine Wind League”, an association of ex-samurai committed to the violent undoing of the Meiji Restoration: see Shinpūren rebellion on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* 神(しん)風(ぷう)特(とく)別(べつ)攻(こう)撃(げき)隊(たい) (shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai): “Divine Wind” special attack unit (airborne kamikaze unit)

### See also

* 特(とっ)攻(こう)隊(たい) (tokkōtai)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 162:, text here
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Discussion of this term on Languagehat, a language blog

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 神 | 風 |

### Noun

神風
* chữ Hán form of thần phong (“kamikaze”).