# jarl
## English
### Etymology

From Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ). Cognates include Old English eorl. Doublet of earl and eorl.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /jɑɹl̩/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /jɑːl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)l

### Noun

jarl (plural jarls)
* (historical) A medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark.
    Coordinate terms: karl, thrall
** 2016, Louise Spilsbury, “Powerful Kings and Suffering Slaves”, in The Vikings: Dig Up the Secrets of the Dead (History Hunters), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Raintree, →ISBN, page 18:There were three kinds of Viking: thralls, karls and jarls. Thralls were the slaves. They were owned by karls and jarls.

#### Translations
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *erlaz, akin to Old English eorl (English earl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjarl/, /ˈjɑːˀl/, [ˈjɑ̰̈ˑl̺]

### Noun

jarl c (singular definite jarlen, plural indefinite jarler)
* (historical) jarl (a title given to the highest noblemen in Norse times.)
* an earl (British nobleman)

#### Inflection
### References

* “jarl” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *erlaz, akin to Old English eorl (English earl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jartl/
* Rhymes: -artl

### Noun

jarl m (genitive singular jarls, nominative plural jarlar)
* jarl
* earl (especially applied to nobles of Britain in modern times)

#### Declension
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse jarl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɑːɭ/

### Noun

jarl m (definite singular jarlen, indefinite plural jarler, definite plural jarlene)
* (historical) jarl (a title given to the highest noblemen in Norse times. Went out of use in the 14th century.)
* an earl (British nobleman)

### References

* “jarl” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse jarl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɑrl/, /jɑːɭ/

### Noun

jarl m (definite singular jarlen, indefinite plural jarlar, definite plural jarlane)
* (historical) jarl (a title given to the highest noblemen in Norse times. Went out of use in the 14th century).
* an earl (British nobleman)

### References

* “jarl” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* ᛁᛅᚱᛚ (iarl) — Old East Norse

### Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *erlaz.

### Noun

jarl m (genitive jarls)
* (poetic) a highborn, noble man or warrior
* earl (in dignity next to the king)

#### Derived terms

* jarlborinn
* jarldómr
* jarldœmi
* jarlsdóttir
* jarlsmaðr
* jarlsnafn
* jarlsríki
* jarlssonr
* jarlssæti

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: jarl
* Faroese: jallur
* Norwegian Nynorsk: jarl
* Old Swedish: iarl, iærl
** Swedish: järl
* Old Danish: ierl
* → Danish: jarl (reborrowed)
** Norwegian Bokmål: jarl
* → English: jarl
* → Finnish: jaarli
* → Swedish: jarl (reborrowed)

### Further reading

* “jarl” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “jarl”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Norse jarl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjarl/
* Rhymes: -arl
* Syllabification: jarl

### Noun

jarl m pers
* (historical) jarl (medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark)
* (historical) jarl (leader of a viking team)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* jarl in Polish dictionaries at PWN