# خراب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa.raːb/

### Noun

خَرَاب • (ḵarāb) m
* (uncountable) ruin, wreck
* (uncountable) ruination, wreckage, desolation

#### Declension
### Adjective

خَرَاب • (ḵarāb)
* ruined, wrecked, destroyed

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: xarab
* → Northern Kurdish: xirab
* → Ottoman Turkish: خراب (harâb)
** → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)
** → Greek: χρέπι (chrépi)
** Turkish: harap
* → Classical Persian: خَرَاب (xarāb)
** → Bengali: খারাপ (kharap)
** → Hindustani:
*** Hindi: ख़राब (xarāb), खराब (kharāb)
*** Urdu: خراب (xarāb)
** → Punjabi: ਖ਼ਰਾਬ (xarāb)
** → Northern Luri: خرۏ (xerö)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* խարապ (harab) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb, “ruined, wrecked”).

### Adjective

خراب • (harab)
* ruined, desolated, devastated
    Synonyms: ویران (viran), یباب (yebab), ییقق (yıkık)
* uninhabited, having no inhabitants
    Synonym: چول (çöl)
* spoilt, marred, wasted
* impoverished, dilapidated

### Noun

خراب • (harab)
* ruin, desolation, devastation, waste
    Synonym: تخریب (tahrib)
* impoverishment, immiseration, dilapidation
* decline, decay, deterioration

#### Derived terms

* خراب اتمك (harab etmek, “to devastate, ravage, ruin”)
* خراب اولمق (harab olmak, “to be devasted, ruined”)
* خرابلق (harablık, “desolation, ruin”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: harap
* → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “harap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1872
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خراب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 533
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 362
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خراب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1871
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خراب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 835

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xa.ˈɾɑːβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xä.ɾɔ́ːb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xæ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χä.ɾɔ́b]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Adjective

خراب • (xarâb)
* ruined, devastated, demolished, destroyed
    Synonyms: ویرانه (virâne), ویران (virân)
* drunk, intoxicated
* spoiled, rotten
* miserable
* (chiefly Dari) wrong; bad (not good)
    Synonym: بد
* (chiefly Dari) corrupt, wicked, bad
    Synonym: بد
* (chiefly Dari) out of order (machine, etc)
* (chiefly Tajik) thin, slim (not fat)
    Synonym: لاغر Antonym: فربه

### Noun

خراب • (xarâb)
* ruin, desolation
    Synonym: ویرانه (virâne)

### Derived terms

* خراب کردن (xarâb kardan)
* خراب شدن (xarâb šodan)

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [xərɑbʊ]

### Adjective

خَرَابُ • (xarābu) (Devanagari ख़राबु)
* bad

### References

* Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “خَرَابُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb), from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xə.ɾɑːb/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːb
* Hyphenation: خَ‧راب

### Adjective

خَراب • (xarāb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़राब)
* spoiled, ruined, damaged
* bad, evil
    Synonym: بُرا (burā)
* (food) rotten
* (machinery) out of order, broken
* volatile

#### Descendants

* → Ushojo: خراب

#### Further reading

* “خراب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “خراب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خراب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “خراب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “خراب”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “خراب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu خراب (xarāb).

### Adjective

خراب (xarāb)
* spoiled, ruined, damaged, broken
* bad, evil