# زیر
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* زیل (zil) (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hcdl /⁠azēr⁠/, “underneath”), from Old Persian *hacā-adari, equivalent to 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /⁠hacā⁠/, “from”, from Proto-Iranian *háčaH, from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂) + *adari (“under”, from Proto-Iranian *Hadárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadʰáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰ-ér-o-s, distantly related to English under).
The prepositional usage is a contraction of older در زیرِ (dar zir-e, literally “in the underneath of”) or به زیرِ (be zir-e, literally “at the underneath of”); the full forms are dated in Iran but more common in the eastern lands.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zeːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zeːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zeːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ziːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zeɾ]

### Noun

زیر • (zir) (plural زیرها (zir-hâ))
* lower part; bottom
* something underneath
* kasra (vowel diacritic placed under the letter)
    Synonym: کسره (kasre)
* (music) high-pitched tune; soprano or treble
** 1177, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, “The tale of the nightingale”, in منطق‌الطیر [The Conference of the Birds]‎:زاری اندر نی ز گفتار منست زیر چنگ از نالهٔ زار من استrāzē andar nay zi guftār-i man ast zēr-i čang az nāla-yi zār-i man astThe mystery in the flute is from my speech; The treble of the harp is from my forlorn cries.(Classical romanization)

#### Derived terms

* زیر بغل (zir-e bağal, “armpit”)

### Preposition

Picture dictionary :
زیر
فوق
زیر
در
جلوی
پشت
روی
کنار
میان :
زیر • (zir-e)
* (with ezâfe) under; underneath; beneath
    Synonym: تحت (taht-e)
    زیر میز ― zir-e miz ― under the table
    زیر نظر ستاد ― zir-e nazar-e setâd ― under the oversight of EIKO
** 1967, Samad Behrangi, ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish]:خانه ی ماهی کوچولو و مادرش پشت سنگ سیاهی بود؛ زیر سقفی از خزه.xâne-ye mâhi-ye kučulu o mâdar-eš pošt-e sang-e siyâhi bud; zir-e saqfi az xaze.The house of the little fish and his mother was behind a black stone, under a roof of moss.

### Adjective

زیر • (zir)
* under; below
    این کلمه می‌تواند به موارد زیر اشاره داشته باشد.in kalame mi-tavânad be mavâred-e zir ešâre dâšte bâšad.This word may refer to the topics below.
* high-pitched
    Synonym: نازک (nâzok)

#### Derived terms

* زیر گرفتن (zir gereftan, “to run over”, literally “to take under”)
* لباس زیر (lebâs-e zir, “underwear”)

### Descendants

* → Arabic: زِير (zīr)
* → Azerbaijani: zil
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ज़ेर (zer)
    Urdu: زیر (zer)
* →? Ottoman Turkish: زل (zil), زیل (zil)
** Turkish: zil
** → Albanian: zile
** → Cypriot Greek: ζίλιν (zílin)
** → English: zill, zil
** → Georgian: ზილი (zili)
** → Middle Armenian: զիլ (zil)
*** Armenian: զիլ (zil)
** → Serbo-Croatian: zȉl / зи̏л
* → Pashto: زير (zir)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “զիլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 95a
* Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 680, pages 258—259
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 71
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 265
* Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 82