# -ino
## English
### Etymology

From Italian -ino (“-ine, -o: forming diminutives”), from the dative form of Latin -īnus. In its use in physics, originally after the model of earlier neutrino, coined by Enrico Fermi in 1933. Internet slang usages gained currency in the second half of the 2010s.

### Suffix

-ino
* (physics) The fermionic supersymmetric partner of a boson (a bosino), symbolized by a tilde over the nonsupersymmetric particle symbol.
    The supersymmetric partner of the photon is a photino.
    In supersymmetry theory, all bosons have fermionic counterparts, known as bosinos.
* (DoggoLingo) A diminutive or endearing suffix.
    ‎pupper + ‎-ino → ‎pupperino
* (Internet slang, 4chan, derogatory) Used to mock progressives through association with DoggoLingo.
** 2020 January 31, @Styx666Official, Twitter‎:How dare you motherfuckers suggest not to eat species known to carry pathogens able to infect humans NOOOOOO NOT THE HECKIN BAT SOUPERINOS!!!!!!
** 2020 April 2, u/BasicallyADoctor, “Not the doggos”, in Reddit‎:Reddit: NOOO NOT THE HECKIN LIVES THAT MATTERINO! THIS IS LIKE THE HECKIN TRAYVON MARTINORINO! WHAT ABOUT THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIALARINO! EVERYONE DESERVES A SECOND CHANCEAROO!

#### Coordinate terms

* (physics): s-

#### Derived terms
### References

* “-ino, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

### Anagrams

* -ion, Ion, NIO, NOI, ONI, ion, oni

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From German -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈino]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ino
* Hyphenation: i‧no

### Suffix

-ino
* of feminine sex
    ‎bovo (“head of cattle, bull”) + ‎-ino → ‎bovino (“cow”)
    ‎ĉevalo (“horse, stallion”) + ‎-ino → ‎ĉevalino (“mare”)
    ‎filo (“son”) + ‎-ino → ‎filino (“daughter”)
    ‎fraŭlo (“bachelor”) + ‎-ino → ‎fraŭlino (“bachelorette, Miss”)
    ‎karulo (“dear”) + ‎-ino → ‎karulino (fem.)
    ‎knabo (“boy”) + ‎-ino → ‎knabino (“girl”)
    ‎koko (“chicken, rooster”) + ‎-ino → ‎kokino (“hen”)
    ‎koramiko (“boyfriend”) + ‎-ino → ‎koramikino (“girlfriend”)
    ‎leono (“lion”) + ‎-ino → ‎leonino (“lioness”)
    ‎lupo (“wolf”) + ‎-ino → ‎lupino (“she-wolf”)
    ‎onklo (“uncle”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”)
    ‎patro (“father”) + ‎-ino → ‎patrino (“mother”)
    ‎sinjoro (“Mister”) + ‎-ino → ‎sinjorino (“Madam, Mistress”)
    ‎viro (“man”) + ‎-ino → ‎virino (“woman”)
    ‎vulpo (“fox”) + ‎-ino → ‎vulpino (“vixen”)
    Coordinate term: (neologism) -iĉo (“male”)

#### Usage notes

Unqualified words for professions and animals do not assume either sex in modern usage, but this was not always the case. When Esperanto was created, people or animals not specifically specified female were traditionally assumed to be male. So, instruisto used to be assumed to mean a male teacher, and a female teacher was an instruistino; the title doktoro used to be assumed to be a man with a doctorate, for a woman it was doktorino. With animals, a bovo was assumed to be a bull, a cow was a bovino. Nowadays, instruisto means a teacher of either gender, though bovo may be either a head of cattle or a bull.
In modern usage, one should only assume a particular sex for family relationships, such as patro (“father”)/patrino (“mother”), edzo (“husband”)/edzino (“wife”), frato (“brother”)/fratino (“sister”), and certain titles, such as sinjoro (“Mister”)/sinjorino (“Missus”).
A common idiom to designate male animals is to make compounds with viro (“man”), such as virbovo for bull (although unidiomatically, this could mean a minotaur). L.L. Zamenhof, the founder of Esperanto, began this usage in the 1920s with his translation of Genesis, and it is now widespread. To designate male professionals, it is common to use the adjective vira, such as vira kelnero for a male waiter.
Of the several neologisms coined to be a male counterpart to -in-, the most frequently used is -iĉ-, which has appeared in some books, but does not have official recognition. For example, boviĉo would be a bull like bovino is a cow, and in such usage bovo would only be a head of cattle.

#### See also
## Ido
### Etymology

Back-formation of femino (“female”).

### Suffix

-ino
* suffix denoting femininity or a female
    Synonym: -femino
    Antonym: -ulo
    ‎avo (“grandparent”) + ‎-ino → ‎avino (“grandmother”)
    ‎filio (“child, offspring”) + ‎-ino → ‎filiino (“daughter”)
    ‎frato (“sibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎fratino (“sister”)
    ‎kavalo (“horse”) + ‎-ino → ‎kavalino (“mare”)
    ‎kuzo (“cousin”) + ‎-ino → ‎kuzino (“(female) cousin”)
    ‎nepoto (“grandchild”) + ‎-ino → ‎nepotino (“granddaughter”)
    ‎nevo (“nephew or niece, nibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎nevino (“niece”)
    ‎onklo (“uncle or aunt”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”)
    ‎rejo (“monarch”) + ‎-ino → ‎rejino (“queen”)
    ‎spozo (“spouse”) + ‎-ino → ‎spozino (“wife”)
    ‎yuno (“child”) + ‎-ino → ‎yunino (“girl”)

#### Derived terms
## Italian
### Etymology 1

From Latin -īnus. Compare English -ine.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.no/
* Rhymes: -ino
* Hyphenation: -ì‧no

#### Suffix

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ini, feminine -ina)
* used to form diminutives
    Synonyms: -cino, -ello, -cello, -etto, -uccio
    ‎gatto (“cat”) + ‎-ino → ‎gattino (“kitten”)
* used to indicate a profession
    ‎ciabatta (“slipper”) + ‎-ino → ‎ciabattino (“shoe repairer”, “cobbler”)
* used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin
    ‎Alessandria (“resident or native of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino
* used to indicate tools or instruments
    ‎lavanda (“wash”, noun) + ‎-ino → ‎lavandino (“washbasin”)

#### Suffix

-ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ini, feminine plural -ine)
* used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin
    ‎Alessandria (“of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino
* used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities
    ‎smeraldo (“emerald”) + ‎-ino → ‎smeraldino (“emerald (relational); emerald green”)

#### Derived terms

* ino

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.no/ (stress falls on the preceding syllable)
* Hyphenation: -i‧no

#### Suffix

-ino
* used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are verbs

### Anagrams

* -oni, noi

## Latin
### Suffix

-īnō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -īnus

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈĩ.nu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈĩ.nu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈi.no/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈi.nu/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -īnus (“-ine”). Doublet of -inho.

#### Suffix

-ino m (feminine -ina, plural -inos, feminine plural -inas)
* -ine (of or relating to)
    ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“relating to diamonds”)
* -ine; -like (sharing some properties with; similar to)
    ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“diamond-like”)
* -ine; -er; -ese (forms demonyms (adjectives and nouns))
    ‎Nova Iorque (“New York”) + ‎-ino → ‎nova-iorquino (“New Yorker”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ino m
* (chemistry) -yne (forms the name of unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond)

### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

-ino m
* (particle physics) -ino (forms the name of supersymmetric partners)

##### Usage notes

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:
* ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine abstract nouns, incl. plurals) → ⟨-cion⟩, ⟨-sion⟩
* ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, incl. plurals) → ⟨-on⟩
* ⟨-ã(o)⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-(i)an⟩, ⟨-am⟩, or ⟨-(i)on⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
* ⟨-m⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-n⟩
* ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c(i)⟩
* ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, incl. plurals) → ⟨-bil⟩
* ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c⟩

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈino/ [ˈi.no]
* Rhymes: -ino
* Syllabification: -i‧no

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin -īnus

#### Alternative forms

* -ina (after feminine nouns)

#### Suffix

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)
* forms diminutives from masculine nouns or adjectives

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)
* -ine (on adjectives)
* (organic chemistry) -yne

### Further reading

* “-ino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10