# дума
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdumɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).

#### Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f
* word (unit of language)
* word, account (the thing one talks about)
* word, talk, conversation
* word, promise, pledge
* word, say, opinion, verdict
* the right to speak, floor

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), from the same source as Etymology 1.

#### Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f
* duma (Russian legislative assembly)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “дума”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈduma]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

#### Noun

дума • (duma) f (plural думи)
* (regional) word (unit of language)
    Synonym: збор (zbor)
* (regional) thought
    Synonym: мисла (misla)

##### Declension
#### Verb

дума • (duma) third-singular present, impf
* (regional, archaic) to remember

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

#### Noun

дума • (duma) f (uncountable)
* duma (Russian legislature)

##### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdumə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́мы, nominative plural ду́мы, genitive plural дум, relational adjective ду́мский, diminutive ду́мка)
* thought, meditation
    Synonyms: мысль (myslʹ), разду́мье (razdúmʹje)
    Вечерний звон, вечерний звон, как много дум наводит он! - The evening bell, the evening bell, how much thoughts does it bring!
* duma (Russian legislature)
    Synonym: парла́мент (parláment)

#### Related terms

* ду́матель (dúmatelʹ)
* ду́мный (dúmnyj)
* ду́мать (dúmatʹ)

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: дума (duma)
* → Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)
* → Chinese: 杜馬 / 杜马 (dùmǎ)/杜马 (dùmɑ̌)
* → English: duma
* → Finnish: duuma
* → Finnish: tuuma
* → Macedonian: дума (duma)
* ⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)
* → Romanian: dumă
* → Yakut: дума (duma)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdumɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́ми, nominative plural ду́ми, genitive plural дум)
* A thought, meditation, idea.
* A sung epic poem, of a type invented by Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th century; a ballad, elegy.

#### Derived terms

* думка (dumka) (diminutive)

#### Related terms

* ду́мати (dúmaty)

#### Descendants

* → English: dumka
* → Polish: dumka

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дума”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka