# برق
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ب ر ق (b r q). From Proto-Semitic *baraḳ- (“lightning”), although Fronzaroli states that the noun "lightning" may be a deverbal form, in which case only the verb would be inherited.

### Pronunciation

* Audio; “بَرَق” (“baraq”, verb, without final vowel):(file)
* IPA: /ba.ra.qa/
* IPA: /barq/

### Verb

بَرَقَ • (baraqa) I (non-past يَبْرُقُ (yabruqu), verbal noun بُرُوق (burūq) or بَرِيق (barīq) or بَرْق (barq) or بَرَقَان (baraqān))
* to produce lightning
* to shine, to glitter, to sparkle, to flash

#### Conjugation
### Noun

بَرْق • (barq) m (plural بُرُوق (burūq))
* verbal noun of بَرَقَ (baraqa) (form I)
* lightning
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:19-20:أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ حَذَرَ ٱلْمَوْتِ […] ۝ يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* flash of lightning
* telegraph

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: برق (barg)
* Maltese: beraq
* Moroccan Arabic: برق (barq)
* South Levantine Arabic: برق (barq)
* → Ottoman Turkish: برق (berk)
* → Persian: برق (barq)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /barɡ/

### Noun

برق • (barg) m (plural بروق (burūg))
* lightning

#### See also

* رعد (raʕad, raʕd, “thunder”)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /barq/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

برق • (barq) m (plural بروق (brūq) or بروقة (brūqa), diminutive بريق (briyyiq))
* lightning

#### See also

* رعد (raʕd)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

### Noun

برق • (berk)
* lightning
    Synonym: شمشك (şimşek)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: berk

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* بلق (balq) (colloquial, Tehrani)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْق (barq).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [baɾq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäɾq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäɾq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäɾq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäɾq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæɹɢ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæɹɢ̥]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [bælɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bäɾq]

### Noun

برق • (barq)
* electricity
    طلا هادی برق است. ― talâ hâdi-ye barq ast. ― Gold conducts electricity.
* lightning
    سگ از رعد و برق می‌ترسد.sag az ra'd o barq mi-tarsad.The dog is afraid of thunder and lightning.
** c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎:برق را در خرمن مردم تماشا کرده است آن که پندارد که حال مردم دنیا خوش است؟barq rā dar xirman-i mardum tamāšā karda ast ān ki pindārad ki hāl-i mardum-i dunyā xwaš ast?Has he observed how the lightning strikes the haystack of Man [reducing it to ashes in a moment]— He who thinks that the state of Man in the mortal world is worthwhile?(Classical Persian romanization)
* (chiefly Dari) electric light (source of illumination)
    برق را داغ کن (Dari, more formal) ― barq rā dāğ kun ― turn on the light
* brilliance, glint, flash, sparkle
** c. 1649, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “On the conquest of Qandahār and praise of Shah ʿAbbās II”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎:از برق تیغ و خنجر بی زینهار شد در فوج خصم هر علم انگشت زینهارaz barq-i tēğ u xanjar bē zēnhār šud dar fawj-i xasm har alam angušt-i zēnhārWithout warning, due to the flash of swords and daggers, Every flag in the enemy host became a finger [raised in] warning.(Classical Persian romanization)
* glaze, sheen

#### Derived terms

* برق زدن (barq zadan)
* برق کردن (barq kardan)
* برق گرفتن (barq gereftan)
* برقی (barqi)
* برق‌رسانی (barq-resâni)
* برق‌کار (barq-kâr)
* تابلو برق (tâblo-ye barq)
* تیر برق (tir-e barq)
* دکل برق (dakal-e barq)
* رعد و برق (ra'd o barq)
* قطع برق (qat'-e barq)
* کلید برق (kelid-e barq)

### References

* ↑ Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran‎, University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أبرَق.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ba.raʔ/, [ˈba.raʔ]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ba.raɡ/, [ˈba.raɡ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

برق • (baraʔ) I (present ببرق (bibriʔ))
* (weather) to be stormy with lightning

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْق (barq).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bəɾq/

### Noun

بَرْق • (barq) f (Hindi spelling बर्क़)
* electricity
    Synonym: بجلی (bijlī)
* lightning

### Adjective

بَرْق • (barq) (Hindi spelling बर्क़)
* quick, active, brisk, alert

### References

* “برق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “barq”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.