# aren
## English
### Alternative forms

* arn

### Etymology

From Middle English aren, from Old English earon, earun, present plural indicative of Old English bēon (“to be”). Equivalent to are +‎ -en. More at are.

### Verb

aren
* (obsolete or dialectal) first-person plural simple present of be
* (obsolete or dialectal) second-person plural simple present of be
** 2007, Theresa Kishkan, Phantom Limb, page 154:“Ye're not Irish, aren ye?” “No, we're from Canada.”
* (obsolete or dialectal) third-person plural simple present of be

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈarɛn]
* IPA: [ˈarɛːn]

### Noun

aren m inan
* (organic chemistry) arene

#### Declension
## Danish
### Noun

aren c
* definite singular of ar

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

aren
* plural of aar
* plural of are

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦫꦺꦤ꧀ (arén).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.rɛn/
* Rhymes: -ren, -en

### Noun

aren (Jawi spelling ارين, plural aren-aren, informal 1st possessive arenku, 2nd possessive arenmu, 3rd possessive arennya)
* sugar palm (Arenga pinnata)
    Synonyms: enau, kabung

#### Derived terms

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* gula aren

### Further reading

* “aren” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English earon, earun, aron, alternative present plural of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *arun, an innovated third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).

#### Alternative forms

* are, ere, eren

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːrən/, /ˈarən/

#### Verb

aren
* plural present indicative of been

##### Usage notes

The usual plural form of been is aren in the North, been in the Midlands, and beth in the South; sind also existed, especially early on, but was not the predominant form in any area.

##### Descendants

* English: are
* Scots: are

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

aren
* (Ormulum) Alternative form of oren

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃ln.

### Noun

aren f
* (anatomy) elbow

#### Synonyms

* enîşk

## Spanish
### Verb

aren
* inflection of arar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative

## Swedish
### Noun

aren
* definite plural of ar

### Anagrams

* -erna, Arne, Enar, Erna, enar, eran, rean, rena

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh arenn, from Proto-Celtic *ārū. Cognate with Old Irish áru and perhaps more distantly with Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ḫaḫri-⁠/), Latin rēn, and Tocharian A āriñc (“heart”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈarɛn/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈaːrɛn/, /ˈarɛn/
* Rhymes: -arɛn

### Noun

aren f (plural arennau)
* kidney

#### Derived terms

* uwcharennol (“suprarenal, adrenal”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “aren”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies