OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# galactocentric
## English
### Etymology

From galacto- +‎ -centric.

### Adjective

galactocentric (not comparable)
* (astronomy)
** Having a galactic center at its center.
    a galactocentric coordinate system
    a galactocentric orbit
** Having an entire galaxy at its center.
* (cosmology) Of or relating to galactocentrism, the theory according to which the Milky Way is at or near the center of the Universe.

#### Usage notes

The Solar System orbits around the center of the Milky Way but not around the edges of this galaxy.

#### Derived terms

* galactocentrical
* galactocentrically
* galactocentricism

#### Related terms

* galactocentrism

#### See also

* heliocentric (the Sun), hermeocentric (Mercury), cytherocentric (Venus), geocentric (the Earth), selenocentric (the Moon), areocentric (Mars), zenocentric (Jupiter), cronocentric (Saturn), uranocentric (Uranus), planetocentric (a planet), astrocentric (a star), galactocentric (a galaxy)
# Bearlough
## Yola
### Alternative forms

* Barlough

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛːrˈlɔː/, /barˈlɔː/

### Proper noun

Bearlough
* A townland in Rosslare parish.
** 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 1:A moan vrim a Bearlough an anoor vrim a Baak,A woman from the Bearlough and another from the Beak,
** 1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, pages 18:A maide vrem a Bearlough,[A maiden from the Bearlough,]

### References

* ↑ Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
* ↑ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867
# commonious
## English
### Etymology

Perhaps from a misconstruction of commodious, under influence from other Latinate adjectives ending -onious; compare melonious.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kəˈməʊnɪ.əs/
* (General American) IPA: /kəˈmoʊni.əs/
* Rhymes: -əʊniəs

### Adjective

commonious (comparative more commonious, superlative most commonious)
* (uncommon, nonstandard) Commodious.
** 1881 October 29, The Times, number 30338, London, page 2:INNS of COURT FAMILY HOTEL, High Holborn and Lincoln's-inn-fields, London, W.O. Central, quiet, commonious. Situation unsurpassed. Dining and sitting rooms overlook beautiful gardens. Hydraulic lifts. Wedding breakfasts, &c. Table d'hôte.
** 1892, J. Cave-Browne, The History of Boxley Parish‎, page 105:Thus has grown by degrees, out of the humble two-roomed domicile of the medieval celibate priest, the commonious dwelling-house of the modern family-man Vicar, the type of an English home, the centre of the energizing activity of an English Parish.
** 1961, Earl Leon Werley Heck, The Rise of Higher Education in California, 1834–1910:In conformity with other institutions first known as "universities", the Methodist school decided to drop the more pretentious term, henceforth to be called the College of the Pacific. In 1924 it moved to a commonious campus at Stockton. Like other Californian colleges, however, it decided to remain a relative small institution.
# agri cultura
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.ɡriː kulˈtuː.ra/, [ˈäɡriː kʊɫ̪ˈt̪uːrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.ɡri kulˈtu.ra/, [ˈäːɡri kul̪ˈt̪uːrä]

### Noun

agrī cultūra f (genitive agrī cultūrae); first declension
* Alternative form of agricultūra

#### Declension

Indeclinable portion with a first-declension noun.
# Shuanghsi
## English
### Etymology

From Mandarin 雙溪 (Shuāngxī), Wade–Giles romanization: Shuang¹-hsi¹.

### Proper noun

Shuanghsi
* Alternative form of Shuangxi.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Shuanghsi.

### References

* ↑ “Taiwan place names”, in Pinyin.info‎, 2006, archived from the original on 2006-10-01‎:This list of city and county names of places in Taiwan gives Chinese characters, Hanyu Pinyin, Tongyong Pinyin, and a commonly seen older form (usually bastardized Wade-Giles). […] 鄉鎮市區別 / Hanyu Pinyin (recommended) / Hanyu Pinyin (with tones) / Tongyong Pinyin / old forms […] 雙溪鄉 / Shuangxi / Shuāngxī / Shuangsi / Shuanghsi
# Scot
## English
### Etymology

From Old English Scottas (“people from Ireland, Irishmen”), from Late Latin Scotti (see Scōtī for more).
See Scoti.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈskɒt/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈskɑt/
* (Scotland) IPA: /ˈskɔʔ/
* Rhymes: -ɒt
* Homophone: Scott

### Noun

Scot (plural Scots)
* A person born in or native to Scotland.
    Synonyms: Scotsman, Scotchman

#### Usage notes

* See Scottish and Scotch.

#### Hyponyms

* Lowlander, Highlander

#### Derived terms

* Scotch
* Scotizing
* Scots' Gap
* Scottish

#### Translations
### Proper noun

Scot (plural Scots)
* A surname
* A male given name transferred from the surname, of rare usage, variant of Scott.

### See also

* Scott
* Scotus

### References

* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “Scot”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* “Scot”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* C. Oman, A History of England before the Norman Conquest, London, 1910, p. 157

### Anagrams

* C.O.T.S., COTS, CSTO, CTOs, Cost, OCTS, OSTC, TOCs, cost, cots

## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

Scot m (genitive singular Scoit, nominative plural Scoit)
* (historical) Scot, Irishman

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
Scot
Scoit
vocative
a Scoit
a Scota
genitive
Scoit
Scot
dative
Scot
Scoit
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an Scot
na Scoit
genitive
an Scoit
na Scot
dative
leis an Scot don Scot
leis na Scoit :

#### Derived terms

* Scotach (“Scottish; Scotch-Irish”, adjective)
* Scotach m (“Scot, Scotsman; Irishman of Scottish descent”)

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “Scot”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# -dømme
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse -dǿmi, dǿmi

### Suffix

-dømme
* Forms nouns indicating the domain of a person.

#### Derived terms
### References

* “-dømme” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse dǿmi.

### Suffix

-dømme
* indicating a domain, an area of rule or power, more or less equivalent to -dom in English.

#### Derived terms
### References

* “-dømme” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
# rearing
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English rerynge (“raising”).

### Verb

rearing
* present participle and gerund of rear

### Noun

rearing (plural rearings)
* Act of raising young.
    We studied blowfly rearings in various environmental conditions.
** 1896, The Progressive Bee-keeper, page 320:In queening his apiary, he aims to keep about half of the queens of the current season's rearing, and the other of the summer preceding.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Garnier, Granier, angrier, earring, grainer, rangier
# ulezi
## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1

From u- +‎ -lea (“to raise a child”) +‎ -zi.

#### Noun

ulezi class XI (plural malezi class X)
* upbringing

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

#### Noun

ulezi class V (plural malezi class VI)
* millet (type of cereal)

#### See also

* (Cereals) nafaka; shayiri (“barley”), mahindi (“maize”), ulezi (“millet”), oti (“oats”), mchele (“husked rice”) / mpunga (“unhusked rice”) / wali (“cooked rice”), ngano nyekundu (“rye”), mtama (“sorghum”), ngano (“wheat”)
# kk
## Translingual
### Symbol

kk
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Kazakh.

## English
### Phrase

kk
* (Internet slang) Reduplication of k (“okay”) (indicates that no further explanation is necessary for a subject, or that the message was understood and will be acted upon without further confirmation).
* (aviation, travel) confirm (originally a GDS status code, now often used as shorthand).

## Dutch
### Interjection

kk
* (Internet slang) Abbreviation of kanker.

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoːkoː/, [ˈko̞ːko̞ː]
* Rhymes: -oːkoː

### Noun

kk
* Abbreviation of kuukausi (“month”).
* Abbreviation of kirkonkylä (“village with a church”).
* Abbreviation of konekivääri (“machine gun”).

## Portuguese
### Interjection

kk
* (Internet slang) Alternative form of kkk

#### Usage notes

May represent a shorter laugh than the average kkk.

## Spanish
### Noun

kk
* Abbreviation of caca (“poo”).

## Swedish
### Noun

kk c
* (slang) Abbreviation of knullkompis (“fuck buddy”).

## Tarifit
### Alternative forms

* ekk

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

kk (Tifinagh spelling ⴽⴽ)
* (transitive) to pass

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* Causative: sekk (“to pass along, to send”)
** Verbal noun: asekki (“sending; shipment”)
* Reciprocal: msekk (“to send each other”)
* Passive: twasek (“to be sent”)
* timekka
# παμπάλαιος
## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παμπάλαιος (pampálaios). By surface analysis, παμ- (pam-) +‎ παλαιός (palaiós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pamˈba.le.os/
* Hyphenation: πα‧μπά‧λαι‧ος

### Adjective

παμπάλαιος • (pampálaios) m (feminine παμπάλαιη or παμπάλαια, neuter παμπάλαιο)
* intensive form of παλαιός (palaiós): very old, ancient

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ παμπάλαιος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# gardhe
## Albanian
### Noun

gardhe
* inflection of gardh:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite nominative/accusative plural
** indefinite dative/ablative singular
# أصلي
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of أَصْل (ʔaṣl) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔasˤ.lijj/

#### Adjective

أَصْلِيّ • (ʔaṣliyy) (feminine أَصْلِيَّة (ʔaṣliyya), masculine plural أَصْلِيُّونَ (ʔaṣliyyūna), feminine plural أَصْلِيَّات (ʔaṣliyyāt))
* original, authentic
* radical (pertaining to the root)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əsli
* → Classical Persian: اَصْلِی (aslī)
** Tajik: аслӣ (asli)
** → Gujarati: અસલી (asalī)
** → Crimean Tatar: asliy, aslı
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: असली (aslī)
    Urdu: اَصْلِی (aslī)
** → Uzbek: asli, asliy
* → Hebrew: אסלי (asli)
* → Malay: asli
** Indonesian: asli
** → Ternate: asli (“origin”)
* → Middle Armenian: ասլի (asli)
** Armenian: ասլի (asli)
* → Northern Kurdish: eslî
* → Ottoman Turkish: اصلی (asli)
** Turkish: asli
* → Swahili: asilia

### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

أَصِّلِي • (ʔaṣṣilī) (form II) /ʔasˤ.sˤi.liː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of أَصَّلَ (ʔaṣṣala)

### Etymology 2.1
#### Verb

أصلي (form I)
* أَصْلِي (ʔaṣlī) /ʔasˤ.liː/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of صَلَى (ṣalā)
* أَصْلِيَ (ʔaṣliya) /ʔasˤ.li.ja/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of صَلَى (ṣalā)

### Etymology 2.2
#### Verb

أصلي (form II)
* أُصَلِّي (ʔuṣallī) /ʔu.sˤal.liː/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of صَلَّى (ṣallā)
* أُصَلِّيَ (ʔuṣalliya) /ʔu.sˤal.li.ja/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of صَلَّى (ṣallā)

### Etymology 2.3
#### Verb

أصلي (form IV)
* أُصْلِيَ (ʔuṣliya) /ʔusˤ.li.ja/: inflection of أَصْلَى (ʔaṣlā):
** third-person masculine singular past passive
** first-person singular non-past active subjunctive
* أُصْلِي (ʔuṣlī) /ʔusˤ.liː/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of أَصْلَى (ʔaṣlā)
* أَصْلِي (ʔaṣlī) /ʔasˤ.liː/: second-person feminine singular imperative of أَصْلَى (ʔaṣlā)
# أمسك
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔam.sa.ka/

#### Verb

أَمْسَكَ • (ʔamsaka) IV (non-past يُمْسِكُ (yumsiku), verbal noun إِمْسَاك (ʔimsāk))
* to seize, grasp, clutch, grip, hold
* to hold fast, grab
* to hold back, keep, detain, restrain
* to withhold
* to abstain, refrain, desist, cease (عَنْ (ʕan) from)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

أمسك (form I)
* أَمْسُكُ (ʔamsuku) /ʔam.su.ku/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أَمْسِكُ (ʔamsiku) /ʔam.si.ku/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أُمْسَكُ (ʔumsaku) /ʔum.sa.ku/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أَمْسُكَ (ʔamsuka) /ʔam.su.ka/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أَمْسِكَ (ʔamsika) /ʔam.si.ka/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أُمْسَكَ (ʔumsaka) /ʔum.sa.ka/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أَمْسُكْ (ʔamsuk) /ʔam.suk/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أَمْسِكْ (ʔamsik) /ʔam.sik/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of مَسَكَ (masaka)
* أُمْسَكْ (ʔumsak) /ʔum.sak/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of مَسَكَ (masaka)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

أمسك (form II)
* أُمَسِّكُ (ʔumassiku) /ʔu.mas.si.ku/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of مَسَّكَ (massaka)
* أُمَسَّكُ (ʔumassaku) /ʔu.mas.sa.ku/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of مَسَّكَ (massaka)
* أُمَسِّكَ (ʔumassika) /ʔu.mas.si.ka/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of مَسَّكَ (massaka)
* أُمَسَّكَ (ʔumassaka) /ʔu.mas.sa.ka/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of مَسَّكَ (massaka)
* أُمَسِّكْ (ʔumassik) /ʔu.mas.sik/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of مَسَّكَ (massaka)
* أُمَسَّكْ (ʔumassak) /ʔu.mas.sak/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of مَسَّكَ (massaka)
# أنا لا أتكلم العربية
## Arabic

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.For other Arabic entries on this topic, see Communication.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔa.na laː ʔa.ta.kal.la.mu‿l.ʕa.ra.bij.ja/

### Phrase

أَنَا لَا أَتَكَلَّمُ العَرَبِيَّة • (ʔanā lā ʔatakallamu l-ʕarabiyya)
* I don't speak Arabic
# أنثى
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanθ-at-. Related to the verb أَنُثَ (ʔanuṯa, “to be feminine”). Has the form of a feminine elative. Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎀𐎘𐎚 (ảṯt, “wife”), Akkadian 𒁮 (aššatum, “wife”), Aramaic אִנְתְּתָא (ʾintəṯā), אִיתְּתָא (ʾittəṯā), Hebrew אִשָּׁה (ʾiššâ) and Classical Syriac ܐܢܬܬܐ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔun.θaː/

### Noun

أُنْثَى • (ʔunṯā) f (dual أُنْثَيَانِ (ʔunṯayāni), plural إِنَاث (ʔināṯ) or أَنَاثَى (ʔanāṯā) or أُنُث (ʔunuṯ))
* a female
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 49:13:يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُم مِن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُواyā ʔayyuhā n-nāsu ʔinnā ḵalaqnākum min ḏakarin wa-ʔunṯā wa-jaʕalnākum šuʕūban wa-qabāʔila li-taʕārafūO mankind! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female and made you nations and tribes that you may be well acquainted with one another.
* (in the dual, obsolete) testicles

#### Declension
### Adjective

أُنْثَى • (ʔunṯā) (common plural إِنَاث (ʔināṯ) or أَنَاثَى (ʔanāṯā) or أُنُث (ʔunuṯ))
* female
* feminine

#### Antonyms

* ذَكَر (ḏakar, “male”)
# إيمان
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ء م ن (ʔ m n). Compare Hebrew אֱמוּנָה (emuna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔiː.maːn/

### Noun

إِيمَان • (ʔīmān) m
* verbal noun of آمَنَ (ʔāmana) (form IV)
* creed
* belief
* faith

#### Declension
### Proper noun

إِيمَان • (ʔīmān) f
* a female given name

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: iman
* → Classical Persian: اِیمَان (īmān)
** → Assamese: ঈমান (iman)
** → Bengali: ঈমান (iman)
** → Gujarati: ઈમાન (īmān)
** → Old Hindi: इमांन (imā̃n)
*** Hindustani: īmān
    Hindi: ईमान
    Urdu: اِیمَان (īmān)
** → Maithili: imān
    Devanagari script: इमान
    Tirhuta script: 𑒃𑒧𑒰𑒢
** → Malayalam: ഈമാൻ (īmāṉ)
** → Marathi: इमान (imān)
** → Marwari: इमान (imān), ईमांन (īmā̃n)
** → Nepali: इमान (imān)
** → Odia: ଇମାନ (imāna)
** → Old Punjabi: ਈਮਾਨੁ (īmānu)
*** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਇਮਾਨ (imān), ਈਮਾਨ (īmān)
    Shahmukhi script: اِمان (imān), اِیمان (īmān)
** → Rohingya: iman
** → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ايِمان
    Devanagari script: ईमानु
** → Tamil: ஈமான் (īmāṉ)
* Indonesian: iman
* Malay: iman
* → Middle Armenian: իման (iman)
** Armenian: իման (iman)
* → Ottoman Turkish: ایمان (iman)
** Turkish: iman
** → Albanian: iman
* → Hausa: īmānī̀
** → Nupe: imanì
* → Swahili: imani
# اختلاف
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of اِخْتَلَفَ (iḵtalafa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ix.ti.laːf/
* Rhymes: -aːf

### Noun

اِخْتِلَاف • (iḵtilāf) m
* verbal noun of اِخْتَلَفَ (iḵtalafa) (form VIII)
* disagreement
* difference
* variant
* discrepancy
* discord
* resistance
* contradiction

#### Antonyms

* إِجْمَاع (ʔijmāʕ)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: ixtilaf
* → Bengali: ইখতিলাফ (ikhtilaf)
* → Kazakh: ихтиляф (ixtiläf)
* → Ottoman Turkish: اختلاف
** Turkish: ihtilaf
* → Persian: اختلاف (extelâf)
** → Tajik: ихтилоф (ixtilof)
* → Swahili: hitilafu
* → Urdu: اختلاف (iḵtelāf)
* → Uyghur: ئىختىلاپ (ixtilap)
* → Uzbek: ixtilof

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “اختلاف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔix.ti.ˈlɑːf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔix.t̪ʰi.lɔ́ːf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔex.t̪ʰe.lɒ́ːf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔiχ.t̪ʰi.lɔ́f]

### Noun

اختلاف • (extelâf) (plural اختلافات (extelâfât))
* difference
    Synonyms: تفاوت (tafâvot), فرق (farq)
    Antonym: شباهت (šabâhat)
    اختلاف طبقاتی ― extelâf-e tabaqâti ― difference in social class
* discord, disagreement
    چین و آمریکا اختلاف دارند.čin o âmrikâ extelâf dârand.China and America have disputes.

#### Usage notes

* Compared to تفاوت (tafâvot) or فرق (farq), there is often a sense of opposition in addition to simply "difference".

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِخْتِلاف (ixtilāf), from Arabic اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪx.t̪ɪ.lɑːf/

### Noun

اِخْتِلاف • (ixtilāf) m (Hindi spelling इख़्तिलाफ़)
* discord, clash, difference, disagreement, misunderstanding, quarrel, schism, variance, variation, disparity, diversity
* dissent
# اختيار
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of اِخْتَارَ (iḵtāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ix.ti.jaːr/
* Rhymes: -aːr

### Noun

اِخْتِيَار • (iḵtiyār) m (plural اِخْتِيَارَات (iḵtiyārāt))
* (uncountable) verbal noun of اِخْتَارَ (iḵtāra) (form VIII)
* choice
* election
* (philosophy) free will

#### Derived terms

* اِخْتِيَارِيّ (iḵtiyāriyy)

#### Descendants

* → Classical Persian: اختیار (ixtiyâr)
** → Avar: ихтияр (ixtijar)
** → Azerbaijani: ixtiyar
** → Bashkir: ихтыяр (ixtıyar)
** → Bengali: এখতিয়ার (ekhtiẏar)
** → Chagatai: اختیار
*** Uyghur: ئىختىيار (ixtiyar)
*** Uzbek: ixtiyor
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: इख़्तियार (ixtiyār)
    Urdu: اختیار (ixtiyār)
** → Kazakh: ықтияр (yqtiär)
** → Kyrgyz: ыктыяр (ıktıyar)
** → Ottoman Turkish: اختیار (ihtiyar)
*** Turkish: ihtiyar
** → Vaghri: અખત્યાર (akhatyār)
** → Turkmen: ygtyýar
* → Malay: ikhtiar
** Indonesian: ikhtiar

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “اختيار”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “خير”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# ارتفع
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ir.ta.fa.ʕa/

### Verb

اِرْتَفَعَ • (irtafaʕa) VIII (non-past يَرْتَفِعُ (yartafiʕu), verbal noun اِرْتِفَاع (irtifāʕ))
* to lift, to rise, to ascend, to go higher
* to mount up, to climb, to soar, to skyrocket, to tower
* to grow, to increase
* to ring out, to be or become loud
* to rear, to recede, to be removed, to go away or off something after having been put there
** a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, web 1/136, pages 374 m–u:وأما أرمينية فإنها كورة جليلة رسمها أرميني بن كنظر بن يافث بن نوح ومنها ترتفع الستور والزَلاليُّ الرفيعة كثيرة الخصائص قصبتها دَبِيل ومن مدنها: بَدْلِيس، خِلَاط، أَرْجِيش، بَرْكَرِي، خُوَيُّ، سَلَمَاس، أُرْمِيَة، دَاخَرَّقَان، مَرَاغَة، أَهْرُ، مَرَنْد، سِنْجَان، قالِيقَلَا، قندرية، قَلْعَة يُونُس، نورين.As for Armenia, she is a majestic expanse, originally sketched and contoured by ʾArmīnī, the son of Ashkenaz, himself a descendant of Japheth, one of the sons of Noah. In Armenia, curtains, draperies, and rugs multifarious and fine hang down, the rod being Dabīl. Among her localities are Badlīs [Baghesh], Ḵilāṭ [Xlat], ʾArjīš [Arjesh], [the small town of] Barkarī [east of Ḵilāṭ], Ḵuway [Xoy], Salamās [Salamas], ʾUrmiyah [Urmia], Dāḵarraqān, Marāḡah, ʾAhr, Marand, Sinjān, Qālīqalā, Qandariyyah, Qalʿat Yūnus, Nūrīn.
* to pass away, to be eliminated, to disappear
* (grammar) to take an -u ending
    يَرْتَفِعُ الْفَاعِلُ وَيَنْتَصِبُ الْمَفْعُولُyartafiʕu l-fāʕilu wayantaṣibu l-mafʕūluThe subject takes an -u ending and the object an -a one.
** 794 CE, ʾAbū Zayd al-ʾAnṣāriyy, edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʾAḥmad, كتاب النّوادر في اللّغة, 1st edition, Dar El-Shorouk, published 1981, page 158:وَقَوْلُهُ: «مُجَرَّحَاتٌ بِأَجْرَاحٍ وَمَقْتُولُ» ٱرْتَفَعَ؛ لِأَنَّ التَّقْدِيرَ فِيهَا أَنْ يَقُولَ: مِنْهَا مُجَرَّحَاتُ، وَمِنْهَا مَقْتُولٌwaqawluhu: “mujarraḥātun biʔajrāḥin wamaqtūlu” rtafaʕa; liʔanna t-taqdīra fīhā ʔan yaqūla: minhā mujarraḥātu, waminhā maqtūlun(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* اِرْتِفاع (irtifāʕ)
# استهلك
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.tah.la.ka/

### Verb

اِسْتَهْلَكَ • (istahlaka) X (non-past يَسْتَهْلِكُ (yastahliku), verbal noun اِسْتِهْلَاك (istihlāk))
* (intransitive) to exhaust oneself, to exert oneself to the limit [with فِي (fī) ‘in something’]
* (transitive) to use up, to exhaust
* (transitive) to consume, to expend, to spend
* (transitive) to wear out
* (transitive) to amortize, to pay off (a debt)
* (passive voice) to be killed, to be blown away

#### Conjugation
### References

* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “استهلك”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1354

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic اِسْتَهْلَكَ (istahlaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stah.lak/

### Verb

استهلك • (stahlak) X (non-past يستهلك (yistahlak))
* (transitive) to use up, to consume, to expend