# ray
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: rā, IPA: /ɹeɪ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪ
* Homophones: Rae, Ray, re (one pronunciation), Re, Rea, Rhea (one pronunciation)

### Etymology 1

Via Middle English, borrowed from Old French rai, from Latin radius (“staff, stake, spoke”). Doublet of radius.

#### Noun

ray (plural rays)
* A beam of light or radiation.
    I saw a ray of light through the clouds.
** 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros‎, London: Jonathan Cape, page 5:Strangely light and delicate was his frame and seeming, yet with a sense of slumbering power beneath, as the delicate peak of a snow mountain seen afar in the low red rays of morning.
* (zoology) A rib-like reinforcement of bone or cartilage in a fish's fin.
* (zoology) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.
* (botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.
* (obsolete) Sight; perception; vision; from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.
** 1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin, London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:All eyes direct their rays / On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.
* (mathematics) A line extending indefinitely in one direction from a point.

##### Hyponyms

* beta ray
* cathode ray
* death ray
* delta ray
* derma ray
* gamma ray
* grenz ray
* N-ray
* Roentgen-ray
* T-ray
* X-ray

##### Derived terms

* alpha ray
* anticrepuscular ray
* Becquerel calorific ray
* Becquerel ray
* Blu-ray
* calorific ray
* catch some rays
* cosmic ray
* crepuscular ray
* distributed ray tracing
* extraordinary ray
* god ray
* grocery shrink ray
* Gurwitsch ray
* half-ray
* heat-ray
* Lenard ray
* lightray
* medullary ray
* meridional ray
* mitogenetic ray
* number ray
* ray casting
* ray floret
* ray grass
* ray gun
* raying room
* rayless
* raylet
* raylike
* ray marching
* ray of hope
* ray of light
* ray of sunshine
* ray tracer
* ray tracing
* repulsor ray
* starry ray
* X-ray

##### Translations

Albanian: rreze (sq) f
Arabic: شُعَاع m (šuʕāʕ)
Armenian: ճառագայթ (hy) (čaṙagaytʻ), ճաճանչ (hy) (čačančʻ), շող (hy) (šoġ)
Aromanian: aradzã f, radzã f
Azerbaijani: şüa (az)
Bashkir: нур (nur)
Belarusian: праме́нь m (pramjénʹ)
Bengali: রশ্মি (bn) (rośmi)
Berber:
Tashelhit: aẓnẓar m
Bulgarian: лъч (bg) m (lǎč)
Burmese: အလင်းတန်း (my) (a.lang:tan:), ရောင်ခြည် (my) (raunghkrany), ခြည် (my) (hkrany)
Catalan: raig (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 射線 / 射线 (zh) (shèxiàn), 光線 / 光线 (zh) (guāngxiàn)
Czech: paprsek (cs) m
Dalmatian: rus m
Danish: stråle c
Dutch: straal (nl) f
Egyptian: (stwt f pl)
Esperanto: radio (eo), radiuso, raio
Estonian: kiir (et)
Finnish: säde (fi)
French: rayon (fr) m
Friulian: rai
Galician: raio (gl) m
Georgian: შუქი (šuki)
German: Strahl (de) m
Greek: ακτίνα (el) f (aktína)
Ancient: ἀκτίς f (aktís)
Hebrew: קֶרֶן (he) f (kéren)
Hindi: किरण (hi) f (kiraṇ), रश्मि (hi) (raśmi)
Hungarian: sugár (hu)
Icelandic: geisli (is) m
Indonesian: sinar (id)
Irish: ga m
Italian: raggio (it) m, filo (it) m
Japanese: 光線 (ja) (こうせん, kōsen)
Javanese: sorot
Kapampangan: simbul (specifically from a stellar object)
Kazakh: сәуле (säule), нұр (nūr)
Khmer: រស្មី (km) (rĕəʼsməy)
Korean: 광선(光線) (ko) (gwangseon)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: تشک (tişk)
Northern Kurdish: tîroj (ku) f
Kyrgyz: нур (ky) (nur), шоола (ky) (şoola)
Lao: ແສງ (lo) (sǣng)
Latgalian: spaits
Latin: radius m
Latvian: stars (lv) m
Lithuanian: spindulys
Luxembourgish: Stral
Macedonian: зрак (mk) m (zrak)
Malay: sinaran (ms)
Maltese: raġġ m
Maori: ihi, pūhihi, wana, hihi
Mongolian: туяа (mn) (tujaa)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: stråle (no) m
Nynorsk: stråle m
Occitan: rai (oc)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: лоуча f (luča)
Old East Slavic: лучь m (lučĭ)
Old English: sċīma m
Pashto: شعاع f (šo'ã), پلوشه (ps) f (palwaša), څريکه f (críka) (of sun)
Persian: پرتو (fa) (partow), فروغ (fa) (foruğ), برازه (barâze)
Polish: promień (pl) m
Portuguese: raio (pt) m
Punjabi: ਕਿਰਨ f (kiran)
Romanian: rază (ro) f
Russian: луч (ru) m (luč), излуче́ние (ru) n (izlučénije)
Sanskrit: रश्मि (sa) m or f (raśmi)
Sardinian: ragiu m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: зрака f, зрак m
Roman: zrȁka (sh) f, zrȃk (sh) m
Slovak: lúč m
Slovene: žarek (sl) m
Spanish: rayo (es) m
Swahili: kianga, mwale
Swedish: stråle (sv) c
Tagalog: ligos (sun)
Tajik: шуоъ (šuoʾ), нур (tg) (nur)
Telugu: కిరణము (te) (kiraṇamu)
Thai: แสง (th) (sɛ̌ɛng), รังสี (th) (rang-sǐi)
Tocharian B: swāñco
Turkish: ışın (tr), hüzme (tr), şua (tr) (archaic)
Turkmen: şöhle, nur
Ukrainian: про́мінь (uk) m (próminʹ)
Urdu: کرن f (kiran)
Uyghur: نۇر (ug) (nur), شولا (shola)
Uzbek: nur (uz), shula
Venetan: rajo
Vietnamese: tia (vi)
Walloon: rai (wa) m, rayeye (wa) f
Welsh: pelydr m
Yiddish: שטראַל m (shtral) :

#### Verb

ray (third-person singular simple present rays, present participle raying, simple past and past participle rayed)
* (transitive) To emit something as if in rays.
** 1889, Robert Browning, letter to Dr. Furnivall:I had no particular woman in my mind; certainly never intended to personify wisdom, philosophy, or any other abstraction; and the orb, raying colour out of whiteness, was altogether a fancy of my own.
* (intransitive) To radiate as if in rays.
* (transitive) To expose to radiation.
** 1928, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, page 219:Rats' eyes with ulcus serpens were successfully treated; one second of raying stopped the progress of the ulcer, which healed uninterruptedly.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English raye, rayȝe, from Old French raie, from Latin raia, of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English reyhhe, reihe, reȝge (“ray, skate”), from Old English reohhe (“ray”).

#### Noun

ray (plural rays)
* Any marine fish in the superorder Batoidea, having a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail.

##### Derived terms

* bat ray
* butterfly ray
* cownose ray
* devil ray
* eagle ray
* electric ray
* manta ray
* ray-finned
* shark ray
* spinal butterfly ray
* spotted eagle ray
* stingray

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Shortened from array.

#### Verb

ray (third-person singular simple present rays, present participle raying, simple past and past participle rayed)
* (obsolete) To arrange. [14th–18th c.]
* (now rare) To dress, array (someone). [from 14th c.]
* (obsolete) To stain or soil; to defile. [16th–19th c.]
** 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:From his soft eyes the teares he wypt away, / And from his face the filth that did it ray […] .

#### Noun

ray (uncountable)
* (obsolete) Array; order; arrangement; dress.
** 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 50:spoyling all her geares and goodly ray

### Etymology 4

From its sound, by analogy with the letters chay, jay, gay, kay, which it resembles graphically.

#### Noun

ray (plural rays)
* The letter ⟨/⟩, one of two which represent the r sound in Pitman shorthand.

##### Related terms

* ar, in Latin and the name of the other Pitman r

### Etymology 5

Alternative forms.

#### Noun

ray (plural rays)
* (music) Alternative form of re

### Anagrams

* -ary, Ary, Ayr, RYA, ary, ayr, rya, yar

## Ainu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾaj/

### Verb

ray (Kana spelling ラィ)
* (intransitive) to die

#### Derived terms

* rayke (“to kill”)

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɾaj/ [ˈɾaɪ̯]

### Noun

ráy (Basahan spelling ᜍᜌ᜔)
* Alternative form of rahay

## Buhi'non Bikol
### Noun

ray
* good

#### Derived terms

* maray

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Arabic رَأْي (raʔy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑːj/

### Noun

ray ?
* opinion

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish رای, from French rail.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ray (definite accusative rayı, plural raylar)
* rail

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
ray
raylar
definite accusative
rayı
rayları
dative
raya
raylara
locative
rayda
raylarda
ablative
raydan
raylardan
genitive
rayın
rayların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
rayım
raylarım
2nd singular
rayın
rayların
3rd singular
rayı
rayları
1st plural
rayımız
raylarımız
2nd plural
rayınız
raylarınız
3rd plural
rayları
rayları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
rayımı
raylarımı
2nd singular
rayını
raylarını
3rd singular
rayını
raylarını
1st plural
rayımızı
raylarımızı
2nd plural
rayınızı
raylarınızı
3rd plural
raylarını
raylarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
rayıma
raylarıma
2nd singular
rayına
raylarına
3rd singular
rayına
raylarına
1st plural
rayımıza
raylarımıza
2nd plural
rayınıza
raylarınıza
3rd plural
raylarına
raylarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
rayımda
raylarımda
2nd singular
rayında
raylarında
3rd singular
rayında
raylarında
1st plural
rayımızda
raylarımızda
2nd plural
rayınızda
raylarınızda
3rd plural
raylarında
raylarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
rayımdan
raylarımdan
2nd singular
rayından
raylarından
3rd singular
rayından
raylarından
1st plural
rayımızdan
raylarımızdan
2nd plural
rayınızdan
raylarınızdan
3rd plural
raylarından
raylarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
rayımın
raylarımın
2nd singular
rayının
raylarının
3rd singular
rayının
raylarının
1st plural
rayımızın
raylarımızın
2nd plural
rayınızın
raylarınızın
3rd plural
raylarının
raylarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
rayım
raylarım
2nd singular
raysın
raylarsın
3rd singular
ray raydır
raylar raylardır
1st plural
rayız
raylarız
2nd plural
raysınız
raylarsınız
3rd plural
raylar
raylardır :

### References

* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN