# permanent
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English permanent, permanente, from Middle French permanent, from Latin permanēns, from permaneō (“I stay through”). First attested in the 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpɜɹ.mə.nənt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)mənənt
* Hyphenation: per‧ma‧nent

### Adjective

permanent (comparative more permanent, superlative most permanent)
* Without end, eternal.
    Nothing in this world is truly permanent.
* Lasting for an indefinitely long time.
    The countries are now locked in a permanent state of conflict.

#### Synonyms

* (without end): everlasting, forever, neverending, unending; see also Thesaurus:eternal or Thesaurus:endless
* (lasting for an indefinitely long time): durable, intransient; see also Thesaurus:lasting

#### Antonyms

* impermanent, temporary

#### Derived terms

* impermanent
* permanent brain
* permanent dirt
* permanent income hypothesis
* permanent loan
* permanently
* permanent magnet
* permanent marker
* permanent paper
* permanent-press
* permanent press
* permanent private hall
* permanent residency
* permanent resident
* permanent revolution
* permanent revolutionary
* permanent revolutionist
* permanent shave
* permanent tooth
* permanent wave
* permanent way
* permanent white
* semi-permanent
* semipermanent
* there is nothing more permanent than a temporary solution

#### Related terms

* permafrost
* permatemp

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

permanent (plural permanents)
* A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.
** 1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin, published 2005, page 8:She had pewter-coloured hair set in a ruthless permanent, a hard beak and large moist eyes with the sympathetic expression of wet stones.
* (linear algebra, combinatorics) Given an $n\times n$ matrix $a_{ij}\,$, the sum over all permutations $\pi \,$ of $\prod _{i=1}^{n}{a_{i\pi (i)}}$.
* (collectible card games) A card whose effects persist beyond the turn on which it is played.

#### Translations
### See also

* determinant
* ephemeral
* relaxer
* temporary

### Verb

permanent (third-person singular simple present permanents, present participle permanenting, simple past and past participle permanented)
* (transitive, dated) To perm (the hair).

### Further reading

* “permanent”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “permanent”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “permanent”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* Petermann, merpentan

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [pər.məˈnen]
* IPA: (Balearic) [pər.məˈnent]
* IPA: (Valencia) [peɾ.maˈnent]

### Adjective

permanent m or f (masculine and feminine plural permanents)
* permanent

#### Related terms

* permanència
* permanentment

#### Further reading

* “permanent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin permanēns

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pæɐ̯maˈnɛnˀd]

### Adjective

permanent (neuter permanent, plural and definite singular attributive permanente)
* permanent
    Synonyms: vedvarende, stadig, konstant
    Antonym: temporær

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

“permanent” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French permanent, from Latin permanēns. The noun is a shortening of permanent hairwave, which was borrowed from English permanent hairwave, and may have been influenced by or borrowed from American English permanent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpɛr.maːˈnɛnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: per‧ma‧nent
* Rhymes: -ɛnt

### Adjective

permanent (not comparable)
* permanent
    Antonym: tijdelijk

#### Derived terms

* permanentie

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: permanen, pêrmanèn

### Noun

permanent m (plural permanenten, diminutive permanentje n)
* (chiefly diminutive) perm, permanent, permanent wave [from ca. 1930]
** 1932 February 6, "Nieuwe kapperszaak", Het Vaderland, vol. 63, evening edition, part 1, page 2.
    In elk kamertje is een keurige kaptafel met de bijbehoorende ingrediënten, knusse hoekjes, echt uitnoodigend tot een genoegelijk permanentje of watergolfje.In each cubicle there is a proper hairdressing table with the concomitant ingredients, cozy corners, really inviting for a perm or a setting hairstyle.
** 1937, H. Kuyper-van Oordt, "Jonker Costijn", in Het heerlijk ambacht, G. F. Callenbach (publ., 6th. print), page 121.
    Wat een lichte jurken, en lichte zomermantels, en permanentjes en nette beenen.Such light dresses, and light summer coats, and perms and tidy legs.

#### Derived terms

* permanenten

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French permanant, permanent, from Latin permanentem (accusative of permanēns).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛʁ.ma.nɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

permanent (feminine permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)
* permanent

#### Derived terms

* ordre permanent

### Noun

permanent m (plural permanents)
* (mathematics) permanent

#### Related terms

* permanence
* impermanent

### Further reading

* “permanent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from French permanent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛʁmaˈnɛnt/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

permanent (strong nominative masculine singular permanenter, not comparable)
* permanent

#### Declension
### Adverb

permanent
* permanently, incessantly
    Synonyms: ständig, unaufhörlich

### Further reading

* “permanent” in Duden online
* “permanent” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Ladin
### Alternative forms

* permanënt

### Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanenta, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)
* permanent

## Latin
### Verb

permanent
* third-person plural present active indicative of permaneō

## Middle French
### Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)
* permanent

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin permanēns.

### Adjective

permanent (neuter singular permanent, definite singular and plural permanente)
* permanent
* (as an adverb) permanently

### References

* “permanent” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin permanēns.

### Adjective

permanent (neuter singular permanent, definite singular and plural permanente)
* permanent

### References

* “permanent” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French permanent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /per.maˈnent/
* Rhymes: -ent
* Hyphenation: per‧ma‧nent

### Adjective

permanent m or n (feminine singular permanentă, masculine plural permanenți, feminine and neuter plural permanente)
* permanent

#### Declension
### Adverb

permanent
* permanently (forever)

#### Derived terms

* permanentiza

#### Related terms

* permanență

#### See also

* în permanență

### References

* permanent in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
* Iorgu Iordan, Alexandru Graur, Ion Coteanu, editors (1978), Dicționarul Limbii Române‎, volume 8, part 2, Bucharest: Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, page 452

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

permanent (not comparable)
* permanent
    Antonym: tillfällig

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### Noun

permanent c
* perm, permanent (a treatment to make hair curly)
* permed hair

#### Related terms

* permanenta

### References

* permanent in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* permanent in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* permanent in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)