# 漫画
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 漫画 – see 漫畫 (“comics; caricature; cartoon; manga; manhwa; manhua”). (This term is the simplified form of 漫畫).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 漫 | 画 |
| まん Grade: S | が Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 漫畫 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

/manɡwa/ → /manɡa/
Coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 漫 (man, “as one pleases”) +‎ 画 (ga, “picture”). First appears in 1798 in the foreword to Santō Kyōden's picture book 四時交加 (Shīshi Kōga) already using the modern simplified kanji spelling of 漫画.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まんが [màńgá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mã̠ŋɡa̠]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

漫(まん)画(が) or 漫画(マンガ) • (manga)
* (drawing, painting) a drawing or painting made as one pleases without restraint, such as those by Hokusai
* (art) a caricature (pictorial representation of someone or something for comic effect)
* a comic (cartoon story)

#### Usage notes

* All comics in general are called 漫画 (manga) in Japanese. In other countries, the romanization manga is typically used for comics produced primarily for the Japanese market.

#### Derived terms

* 漫(まん)画(が)本(ほん) (mangahon), 漫(まん)画(が)本(ぼん) (mangabon)
* 漫(まん)画(が)家(か) (mangaka)
* 漫(まん)画(が)字(じ) (mangaji)
* 4(よん)コマ漫(まん)画(が) (yon-koma manga)

#### Descendants

* → Cantonese: 漫畫 / 漫画 (maan$^6$ waa$^{6-2}$)
* → Danish: manga
* → English: manga, mangwa (obsolete)
** → Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā), मैंगा (maiṅgā)
* → French: manga
* → German: Manga
* → Hakka: 漫畫 / 漫画 (man-fa, mang-ká)
* → Hokkien: 漫畫 / 漫画 (bān-ōa, bān-ūi, bān-ōe, bàng-gà)
* → Khmer: ម៉ានហ្គា (maan-gaa)
* → Indonesian: manga
* → Korean: 만화 (manhwa)
** → English: manhwa
** → French: manhwa
** → Russian: ма́нхва (mánxva)
** → Ukrainian: ма́нхва (mánxva)
* → Macedonian: манга (manga)
* → Mandarin: 漫畫 / 漫画 (mànhuà)
** → English: manhua
** → French: manhua
** → Russian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá)
** → Ukrainian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá), ма́ньхва (mánʹxva)
* → Mongolian: манга (manga)
* → Portuguese: mangá, manga (Portugal)
* → Russian: ма́нга (mánga)
** → Bashkir: манга (manga)
** → Tatar: манга (manga)
* → Thai: มังงะ (mang-ngá)
* → Ukrainian: ма́нґа (mánga)
* → Vietnamese: mạn hoạ
* → Wu: 漫畫 / 漫画 ($^6$me-gho)

### References

* ↑ Yoshiko Fukushima (2013) Manga Discourse in Japan Theatre, →ISBN, page 19
* ↑ 山東京伝 (Santō Kyōden) (1798) 四時交加 (Shīshi Kōga) [Four-o'clock Traffic], 鶴屋喜右衛門 (Tsuruya Kiemon) Relevant text shown towards the bottom of the second column from the right in the online copy (in Japanese) in the collection of the 国立国会図書館 (Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, “National Diet Library”) (accessed 2018-11-07).
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.