# sw
## Translingual
### Symbol

sw
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Swahili.

## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Afroasiatic *su. Cognate to Proto-Semitic *šuʔa and Central Atlas Tamazight -ⴰⵙ (-as).

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /suw/ → /suw/ → /su/ → /su/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /suw/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /suw/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /su/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /su/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /suː/
** Conventional anglicization: su

#### Pronoun

m sg 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
* he, him (see usage notes)

##### Usage notes

By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun was no longer strictly masculine but common to both genders, as it had entirely merged with the feminine equivalent st through sound change.
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
* When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
* In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
* When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
* When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
* When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
* When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

##### Inflection

$^1$ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
$^1$ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle. $^2$ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. $^3$ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
$^1$ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. $^2$ Later form.

##### Alternative forms

| sw | s | s | sw | st | st |
| | [Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [since the New Kingdom] | [Late Egyptian] | [Late Egyptian] |
| | | | rare | after merger with feminine st | after merger with feminine st, by confusion with plural st |

##### Derived terms

* swt

#### Pronoun

m sg 3. proclitic (‘subject form’) pronoun
* he [since the 17th Dynasty]

##### Usage notes

This form of pronoun is a proclitic that must stand at the beginning of a sentence (generally adverbial) and cannot come after any particles. It always indicates the subject of the sentence.

##### Inflection

$^1$ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
$^1$ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle. $^2$ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. $^3$ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
$^1$ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. $^2$ Later form.

##### Alternative forms

See under the enclitic pronoun above.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

m
* used with an ordinal number, indicates a day of the month [since the Middle Kingdom]
    ― sw snnw ― the second day of the month

##### Alternative forms

| sw | sw | sw | sw | s | sw | sw | sw |
| | | | [Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] | [Late Period] | [Late Period] |
| This was the usual writing before the Late Period. |

##### Descendants

* Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩ- (sou-)

#### See also

* hrw

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 51, 107, 116.
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
* Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77
* 1 2 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 34

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English zoo.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /suː/
* (South Wales) IPA: /zuː/
* Rhymes: -uː

### Noun

sw m (plural sŵau, not mutable)
* zoo

#### Derived terms

* fformat sw (“zoo format”)
* Sw Mynydd Cymru (“Welsh Mountain Zoo”)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Zhuang
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /θɯ˨˦/
* Tone numbers: sw$^1$
* Hyphenation: sw

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *sɯːᴬ (“writing; book”), from Middle Chinese 書 (MC syo, “writing; book”). Cognate with Lao ສື (sư̄), Thai สือ (sʉ̌ʉ).

#### Noun

sw (1957–1982 spelling sɯ)
* (dialectal) (Chinese) character
    Synonym: saw
* (dialectal) book
    Synonym: saw

### Etymology 2

From Chinese 輸 (MC syu).

#### Verb

sw (1957–1982 spelling sɯ)
* (dialectal) to lose
    Synonym: saw

### Etymology 3

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with Thai เสือ (sʉ̌ʉa)?”

#### Noun

sw (Sawndip form ⿰犭書, 1957–1982 spelling sɯ)
* (dialectal) tiger
    Synonym: guk

##### Derived terms

* swbeuq