# 惇

| 惇 | U+60C7, &#24775; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60C7 |
| ← 惆 [U+60C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 惈 → [U+60C8] |
| 惇 | U+2F8A5, &#194725; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A5 |
| ← 𢛔 [U+2F8A4] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 慈 → [U+2F8A6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

惇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心卜口木 (PYRD), four-corner 9004$_7$, composition ⿰忄享)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 390, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10759
* Dae Jaweon: page 724, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2318, character 4
* Unihan data for U+60C7
* Unihan data for U+2F8A5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 弴 | *tjuː, *tuːn |
| 敦 | *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns |
| 錞 | *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun |
| 憝 | *duːls |
| 憞 | *duːls |
| 譈 | *duːls |
| 鐓 | *duːls |
| 鷻 | *doːn |
| 鶉 | *doːn, *djun |
| 惇 | *tuːn, *tjun |
| 墩 | *tuːn |
| 驐 | *tuːn |
| 燉 | *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 焞 | *tʰuːn, *djun |
| 啍 | *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 暾 | *tʰuːn |
| 噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 諄 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
| 稕 | *tjuns |
| 醇 | *djun |
| 淳 | *djun |
| 犉 | *njun |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dūn (dun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): deon$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong$^1$ / duong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dun
*** Wade–Giles: tun$^1$
*** Yale: dwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen
*** Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: deon$^1$
*** Yale: dēun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doen$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵn⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dong$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: deong
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: duong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuoŋ⁵³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsywin, twon
Rime :
| Character | 惇 | 惇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 章倫切 | 都昆切 |
| Baxter | tsywin | twon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiuɪn/ | /tuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʷin/ | /tuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjuen/ | /tuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cwin/ | /twən/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuĕn/ | /tuən/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuĕn/ | /tuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uĕn/ | /tuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhūn | dūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeon$^1$ | deon$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuːn/, /*tjun/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惇 | 惇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2598 | 2612 |
| Phonetic component | 敦 | 敦 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敦 | 諄 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuːn/ | /*tjun/ |

### Definitions

惇
* (literary) sincere; honest
* (literary) to advise; to encourage
* (literary) to value; to emphasize

### Compounds

* 惇大
* 惇惇
* 惇敘 / 惇叙
* 惇睦
* 惇篤 / 惇笃 (dūndǔ)
* 惇誨 / 惇诲

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惇”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅん (shun)、とん (ton)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun)、とん (ton)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅん (jun)
* Kun: あつい (atsui, 惇い)、まこと (makoto, 惇)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 惇
* あつし Jinmeiyō
* nanori
* Kanji in this term
* 惇
* じゅん Jinmeiyō
* kan'yōon
* Kanji in this term
* 惇
* つとむ Jinmeiyō
* nanori
* (Tokyo) あつし [áꜜtsùshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠t͡sɨɕi]
* (Tokyo) じゅん [júꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨ̃ɴ]
* (Tokyo) つとむ [tsùtómú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨto̞mɯ̟]

### Proper noun

惇(あつし) or 惇(じゅん) or 惇(つとむ) • (Atsushi or Jun or Tsutomu)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

惇 (eum 돈 (don))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

惇: Hán Nôm readings: đôn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.