OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ثمن
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek τίμημα (tímēma), from τιμή (timḗ), from τῑ́ω (tī́ō), leveled to the root ث م ن (ṯ m n); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“value, honor”). Compare Classical Syriac ܛܝܼܡܵܐ (ṭīmā, “price, value”) and Jewish Literary Aramaic תמא (tmˀ, “duty, tax, fee”); for more see τιμή (timí) and τῑμάω (tīmáō).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /θa.man/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /ta.man/

#### Noun

ثَمَن • (ṯaman) m (plural أَثْمَان (ʔaṯmān) or أَثْمِنَة (ʔaṯmina) or أَثْمُن (ʔaṯmun))
* (countable) a price
    Synonyms: سِعْر (siʕr), قِيمَة (qīma)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:20:وَشَرَوْهُ بِثَمَنٍ بَخْسٍ دَرَاهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍwašarawhu biṯamanin baḵsin darāhima maʕdūdatinAnd they sold him for cheap, [merely] a few pennies.

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: thamani

### Etymology 2

From the root ث م ن (ṯ m n); compare ثَمَانِيَة (ṯamāniya, “eight”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /θu.mun/, /θumn/
** (Morocco) IPA: /tu.mun/

#### Noun

ثُمُن or ثُمْن • (ṯumun or ṯumn) m (plural أَثْمَان (ʔaṯmān))
* (countable) an eighth

##### Descendants

* Andalusian Arabic: ثمن (ṯumn)
** → Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: tomín
**** → Classical Nahuatl: tomīn
***** Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: tomi
***** Tetelcingo Nahuatl: tomi
***** → Cora: túmiin
**** → Southeastern Tepehuan: tuumiñ
** → Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: azumbre
*** Andalusian Arabic: çǔmri
*** → Old Galician-Portuguese:
**** Galician: azumbre
** → Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: celemín
*** → Old Galician-Portuguese:
**** Portuguese: celamim
**** Galician: celamín
* → Italian: tomolo
* → Medieval Latin: thuminus, tumulus
* → Sicilian: tùmminu
* → Swahili: thumuni

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

ثَمُنَ • (ṯamuna) I (non-past يَثْمُنُ (yaṯmunu), verbal noun ثَمَانَة (ṯamāna))
* (intransitive) to be or become valuable; to appreciate

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4
#### Verb

ثَمَّنَ • (ṯammana) II (non-past يُثَمِّنُ (yuṯamminu), verbal noun تَثْمِين (taṯmīn))
* (transitive) to set or fix the price of, to price
** (transitive) to try to assess the price or value of, to value; to evaluate; to appreciate
** (transitive) to deem valuable, to value, to appreciate
* (transitive) to divide into eight parts

##### See also

* نِصْف (niṣf, “a half”), ثُلْث (ṯulṯ, “a third”), رُبْع (rubʕ, “a fourth, a quarter”), خُمْس (ḵums, “a fifth”), سُدْس (suds, “a sixth”), سُبْع (subʕ, “a seventh”), تُسْع (tusʕ, “a ninth”), عُشْر (ʕušr, “a tenth”)
# جذر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

A phonetic variant of the root ج د ر (j d r), which is related to things being separated, set apart, distinguishing themselves, hence a root or a stub cut off, whereafter metaphoric denominals related to roots.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.ða.ra/

#### Verb

جَذَرَ • (jaḏara) I (non-past يَجْذُرُ (yajḏuru), verbal noun جَذْر (jaḏr))
* to uproot, to tear out by the roots

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒað.ða.ra/

#### Verb

جَذَّرَ • (jaḏḏara) II (non-past يُجَذِّرُ (yujaḏḏiru), verbal noun تَجْذِير (tajḏīr))
* (mathematics) to extract the root (of a number)
* to take root
* to cause to become deeply rooted

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaðr/, /d͡ʒiðr/

#### Noun

جَذْر or جِذْر • (jaḏr or jiḏr) m (plural جُذُور (juḏūr))
* (botany) root (of a plant)
* (anatomy) root (of a tooth)
* (arithmetic) root (of a polynome)
* (grammar) root (of a word)
* stem, base

##### Related terms

* جَذْرِيّ (jaḏriyy)

#### Noun

جَذْر or جِذْر • (jaḏr or jiḏr) m (plural أَجْذَار (ʔajḏār))
* stub (of a receipt book, ticket stub, etc.)

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaðr/

#### Noun

جَذْر • (jaḏr) m
* verbal noun of جَذَرَ (jaḏara, “to uproot”) (form I)
* uprooting

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 254
# جمال
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Verbal noun of جَمُلَ (jamula, “to be beautiful”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.maːl/

#### Noun

جَمَال • (jamāl) m
* verbal noun of جَمُلَ (jamula) (form I)
* beauty
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:6:وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا جَمَالٌ حِينَ تُرِيحُونَ وَحِينَ تَسْرَحُونَwalakum fīhā jamālun ḥīna turīḥūna waḥīna tasraḥūnaThere is in them [cattle] a beauty for you when you bring them home for rest and when you drive them forth to pasture.

##### Synonyms

* حُسْن (ḥusn)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ġmiel

#### Proper noun

جَمَال • (jamāl) m
* a male given name, Jamal

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inflected form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒi.maːl/

#### Noun

جِمَال • (jimāl) m pl
* plural of جَمَل (jamal)

### Etymology 3

Occupational noun derived from جَمَل (jamal, “camel”).

#### Noun

جَمَّال • (jammāl) m (plural جَمَّالُون (jammālūn) or جَمَّالَةٌ (jammālatun), feminine جَمَّالَة (jammāla))
* camel driver

##### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَمَال (jamāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒa.ˈmɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.mɑ́ːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.mɑ́ːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒä.mɑ́ːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒä.mɔ́ːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæ.mɒ́ːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.mɔ́l]

### Noun

جمال • (jamâl)
* beauty (quality of pleasing appearance)
    Synonym: زیبایی (zibâyi)
# -arnia
## Polish
### Etymology

From -arz +‎ -nia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈar.ɲa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arɲa
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Suffix

-arnia f
* forms names of designated rooms or shops
    Synonyms: -alnia, -elnia
    ‎kawa + ‎-arnia → ‎kawiarnia

#### Descendants

* → Yiddish: ־אַרניע (-arnye)

### Further reading

* -arnia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# حبل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ḥabl-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħabl/

#### Noun

حَبْل • (ḥabl) m (plural حِبَال (ḥibāl) or أَحْبُل (ʔaḥbul) or حُبُول (ḥubūl) or أَحْبَال (ʔaḥbāl))
* (countable) a rope, a cable; a hawser; a cord; a string; a thread
    Synonyms: سَبَب (sabab, “a rope”), وَتَر (watar, “a cord; a string; a band”), خَيْط (ḵayṭ, “a thread”), عَصَب (ʕaṣab, “a band; a sinew”), رِبَاط (ribāṭ, “tie, bond”), مَرَسَة (marasa), قَلْس (qals), أَشْل (ʔašl), طُنُب (ṭunub), مَرَار (marār), إِصَار (ʔiṣār), مَأْصِر (maʔṣir), سِلْسِلَة (silsila), مِقَاط (miqāṭ)
** (countable) something resembling, likened to, or related to a rope (such as a ray, a beam, a jet, a vein, and so on)
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 50:16:وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَنَ وَنَعْلَمُ مَا تُوَسْوِسُ بِهِۦ نَفْسُهُۥۖ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ ٱلْوَرِيدِwa-laqad xalaqnā l-ʾinsana wa-naʿlamu mā tuwaswisu bihī nafsuhū wa-naḥnu ʾaqrabu ʾilayhi min ḥabli l-warīdiWe have created man and know what his spirit suggests to him, and We are closer to him than the rope of his [jugular] vein.

##### Derived terms

* حَبْلُ الوَرِيدِ (ḥabl al-warīd)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ħabel

### Etymology 2.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.bi.la/

#### Verb

حَبِلَ • (ḥabila) I (non-past يَحْبَلُ (yaḥbalu), verbal noun حَبَل (ḥabal))
* (intransitive) to become pregnant; to conceive
    Synonym: حَمَلَ (ḥamala)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħab.ba.la/

#### Verb

حَبَّلَ • (ḥabbala) II (non-past يُحَبِّلُ (yuḥabbilu), verbal noun تَحْبِيل (taḥbīl))
* (transitive) to make pregnant, to impregnate
    Synonym: اِسْتَوْلَدَ (istawlada, “to father a child with”)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.bal/

#### Noun

حَبَل • (ḥabal) m
* verbal noun of حَبِلَ (ḥabila) (form I)
* conception
* pregnancy

##### Declension
## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبْل (ḥabl).

### Noun

حبل • (habil) m (plural حبال (hubāl))
* rope

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 54
* Pommerol, Patrice Jullien de (1999) Dictionnaire Arabe Tchadien ~ Français (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN, page 524

## Persian
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبْل (ḥabl).

### Noun

حبل • (habl)
* (obsolete, rare) rope
    Synonyms: طَناب (tanâb), ریسمان (rismân)

#### Derived terms

* حَبل‌ُالمَتین (habl-ol-matin)
# دمغة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish تمغا (damga, “stamp”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dam.ɣa/

### Noun

دَمْغَة • (damḡa) f (plural دَمْغَات (damḡāt))
* stamp, hallmark, imprint, mark

#### Derived terms

* دَمَغَ (damaḡa, “to stamp, to imprint”)

### References

* Procházka, Stephan (2009) “Turkish Loanwords”, in Versteegh, Kees, editor, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 590
# دونمة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دونمه (Dönme).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duːn.ma/

### Noun

دُونْمَة • (dūnma) m pl (collective, singulative دُونْمِيّ m (dūnmiyy))
* Dönmeh, a group of Sabbatean crypto-Jews

#### See also

* يَهُودِيّ (yahūdiyy, “Jewish”)
# رطوبة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ru.tˤuː.ba/

### Noun

رُطُوبَة • (ruṭūba) f
* verbal noun of رَطِبَ (raṭiba), رَطُبَ (raṭuba), and رَطَبَ (raṭaba) (form I)
* humidity, moistness, dampness

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: رطوبة (rṭūba)
* Moroccan Arabic: رطوبة (rṭūba, ruṭūba)
* → Azerbaijani: rütubət
* → Classical Persian: رُطُوبَت (rutūbat)
** Tajik: рутубат (rutubat)
** → Uyghur: رۇتۇبەت (rutubet)
** → Uzbek: rutubat
* → Ottoman Turkish: رطوبت (rütubet)
** Turkish: rutubet
* → Swahili: rutuba
# زيارة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zi.jaː.ra/

### Noun

زِيَارَة • (ziyāra) f (plural زِيَارَات (ziyārāt))
* verbal noun of زَارَ (zāra, “to visit”) (form I)
* visit
* pilgrimage
* bow

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: զիարաթ (ziaratʻ)
* → Persian: زیارت
* → Bashkir: зыярат (zıyarat)
* → Japanese: ズィヤーラ (ziyāra)
* → Kazakh: зиярат (ziärat), зират (zirat)
* → Kyrgyz: зыярат (zıyarat), зират (zirat)
* → Ladino: ziara
* → Lishana Deni: זיאר֗א (zyāṛa, “pilgrimage, visit to a shrine”)
* → Malay: ziarah, jirat
* → Ottoman Turkish: زیارت (ziyâret)
** → Turkish: ziyaret
* → Swahili: ziara
* → Somali: siyaarad
* → Tatar: зират (zirat)
** → Bulgar: زِيرَت (zîrat), زِيَارَة (ziyârat)
* → Turkmen: zyýarat
* → Uyghur: زىيارەت (ziyaret)
* → Uzbek: ziyorat

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “زيارة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “زور”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Bulgar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زِيَارَة (ziyāra). Doublet of زيرت.

### Noun

زِيَارَة (ziyârat)
* visit, grave
    Synonym: زيرت

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 158, 202
# سراط
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܐܣܛܪܛ (ˀesṭrāṭ), from Latin strāta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si.raːtˤ/

### Noun

سِرَاط • (sirāṭ) m (plural سُرُط (suruṭ))
* path, way, road

#### Alternative forms

* صِرَاط (ṣirāṭ)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: sirat
* → Persian: سراط (serât)
# شبكة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ش ب ك (š b k). Compare Hebrew שְׂבָכָה (səḇāḵā), Classical Syriac ܣܒܟܐ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ba.ka/

### Noun

شَبَكَة • (šabaka) f (plural شِبَاك (šibāk) or شَبَكَات (šabakāt) or شَبَك (šabak))
* net, fishing net
* network
* (electricity) grid
* knit veil
* trellis, trelliswork
* noose
* complication, intricacy, confusion

#### Descendants

* Maltese: xibka
* Sicilian: sciàbbica
* → Azerbaijani: şəbəkə
* → English: shebka
* → French: chebka
* → Harari: ሸበክ (šäbäk)
* → Italian: sciabica
* → Ottoman Turkish: شبكه (şebeke)
** Turkish: şebeke
* → Persian: شبکه (šabake)
* → Portuguese: xávega
* → Spanish: jábega

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شبكة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# شرقي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of شَرْق (šarq, “east”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ش ر ق (š r q).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃar.qijj/

### Adjective

شَرْقِيّ • (šarqiyy) (feminine شَرْقِيَّة (šarqiyya), masculine plural شَرْقِيُّونَ (šarqiyyūna), feminine plural شَرْقِيَّات (šarqiyyāt))
* eastern
    Coordinate term: غَرْبِيّ (ḡarbiyy)
* Eastern, Oriental

#### Descendants

* → English: sharqi
* → Azerbaijani: şərqi
* → French: chergui
* → Pashto: شرقي
* → Persian: شرقی
* → Tajik: шарқӣ (šarqi)
* → Ottoman Turkish: شرقی
** Turkish: şarkı
** → Armenian: շարքի (šarkʻi)
* → Urdu: شَرْقی (śarqī)
* → Uzbek: sharqiy
* → Uyghur: شەرقىي (sherqiy)

#### References

* Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “شرقي”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شَرْقِيّ (šarqiyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃar.ɡi/

### Adjective

شرقي • (šargi) (feminine شرقية (šargiyya), common plural شرقيين (šargiyyīn))
* eastern
    Antonym: غربي (ḡarbi)
# французки
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak francúzsky. By surface analysis, Француз (Francuz) +‎ -ски (-ski).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [franˈt͡suzki]
* Rhymes: -uski
* Hyphenation: фран‧цу‧зки

### Adjective

французки (francuzki) (not comparable)
* French

#### Derived terms

* Французка f (Francuzka)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “французки”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “French”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 121
# probosciformed
## English
### Adjective

probosciformed
* Obsolete form of probosciform.
# ქალური
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ქალი (kali) +‎ -ური (-uri).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰaɫuɾi]
* Hyphenation: ქა‧ლუ‧რი

### Adjective

ქალური • (kaluri) (comparative უფრო ქალური, superlative ყველაზე ქალური)
* womanly, feminine, womanish, womanlike

#### Derived terms

* ქალური რითმა (kaluri ritma)
* ქალურად (kalurad)
# ibqa'
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪp.ʔa/
* IPA: /ˈɪp.ʔaˤ/ (archaic)

### Verb

ibqa’
* second-person singular imperative of baqa’
# културни
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

From култура (kultura) +‎ -ни (-ni). Cognate with Russian культу́рный (kulʹtúrnyj), Slovak kultúrny and Ukrainian культу́рний (kulʹtúrnyj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kulˈturni]
* Rhymes: -urni
* Hyphenation: кул‧тур‧ни

### Adjective

културни (kulturni) (comparative културнєйши, superlative найкултурнєйши, adverb културно)
* (not comparable) cultural (relating to culture)
    културне нашлїдство ― kulturne našljidstvo ― cultural inheritance
* (comparable, of people) cultured, civilized
    Antonym: нєкултурни (njekulturni)
* (not comparable, botany) cultured, cultivated (not wild)
    Antonym: дзиви (dzivi)

#### Declension
### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “културни”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “cultural”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 74
# guianici
## Latin
### Adjective

guiānicī
* inflection of guiānicus:
** nominative/vocative masculine plural
** genitive masculine/neuter singular
# itilgħu
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪˈtɪ.law/, /ɪˈtɪ.lɔw/
* IPA: /ɪˈtɪ.ləˤw/ (archaic)

### Verb

itilgħu
* second-person plural imperative of tela’
# شعاع
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃu.ʕaːʕ/

#### Noun

شُعَاع • (šuʕāʕ) m (plural أَشِعَّة (ʔašiʕʕa))
* ray, beam
** 2015 January 29, “جهاز جديد يكشف عن سرطان الثدي و الكبد عن بُعد”, in Al-Maṣr Al-Yawm‎:وأوضح أن الجهاز الجديد، الذي يدعى «أكسبلورير»، يعطى أشعه صوتية حيث يقوم بعملية لمس عن بعد لأنه يقبس قوة النسيج عن طريق ذبذبات ميكانيكية دقيقة جدا بفضل الموجات التى تحدث قص داخل الجسم.He elucidated that the new device he calls “Explorer” gives sound waves where it undertakes a process of touching from afar for it derives the tissue strength by way of very subtle mechanical oscillations thanks to the waves which cause cutting inside the body.
* crossbar, spoke etc.

##### Related terms

* شُعَاعَة (šuʕāʕa)

##### Descendants

* → Kazakh: шуақ (şuaq)
* → Azerbaijani: şüa
* → Persian: شعاع
* → Ottoman Turkish: شعاع (şüa')
** → Turkish: şua

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ʕaːʕ/

#### Noun

شَعَاع • (šaʕāʕ) m
* verbal noun of شَعَّ (šaʕʕa) (form I)

##### Declension
#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “شع”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شُعَاع (šuʕāʕ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃʕaːʕ/

### Noun

شعاع • (šʕāʕ) m (plural شعاعات (šʕāʕāt))
* ray, beam
** c. 1742-1850, الشيخ عبد القادر العلمي, “غيتنا يا خير هادي”, in ديوان الشيخ عبد القادر العلمي (موسوعة الملحون), الرباط: أكاديمية المملكة المغربية, published 2009, →ISBN, →OCLC:يا نور شعاع تمادي سلكني من شر العدا ومن كيد الحسودyā nūr šʕāʕ tmādi sallakni min šarr le-ʕdā w-min kīd le-ḥsūd(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شُعَاع (šuʕāʕ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃu.ˈʔɑːʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃo̞.ʔɑ́ːʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃo̞.ʔɑ́ːʔ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃʊ.wɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃu.wɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃo.ʔɒ́ːʔ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃu.ʔɔ́ʔ]

### Noun

شعاع • (šo'â')
* ray, beam (of light)
    شعاع نور ― šo'â'-e nur ― beam of light
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 421”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:شعاع جام و قدح نور ماه پوشیده عذار مغبچگان راه آفتاب زدهšu'ā'-i jām u qadah nūr-i māh pōšīda izār-i muğbaččagān rāh-i āftāb zadaThe beam from the goblet and cup have veiled the light of the moon, The cheeks of the Magian boys have plundered the way of the sun.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شعاع”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# xw
## Egyptian
### Romanization

xw
* Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḫw.

## Hupa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xʷ/

### Letter

xw (upper case Xw)
* A letter of the Hupa alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Kwak'wala
### Alternative forms

* xʷ in Liqʼwala dialect

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xʷ/

### Letter

xw (upper case Xw)
* A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Uʼmista
* (Latin-script letters) A a, A̱ a̱, B b, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, K k, Kw kw, K̓ k̓, K̓w k̓w, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵ̓ ḵ̓, Ḵ̓w ḵ̓w, L l, ʼL ʼl, Ł ł, M m, ʼM ʼm, N n, ʼN ʼn, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Tł tł, T̓ł t̓ł, Ts ts, T̓s t̓s, U u, W w, ʼW ʼw, X x, Xw xw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, Y y, ʼY ʼy, ʼ
* Liq̓ʷala
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ə ə, B b, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, Dᶻ dᶻ, E e, G g, Gʷ gʷ, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧʷ ǧʷ, H h, I i, K k, Kʷ kʷ, K̓ k̓, K̓ʷ k̓ʷ, Q q, Qʷ qʷ, Q̓ q̓, Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ, L l, L̓ l̓, Ł ł, M m, M̓ m̓, N n, N̓ n̓, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, C c, C̓ c̓, U u, W w, W̓ w̓, X x, Xʷ xʷ, X̌ x̌, X̌ʷ x̌ʷ, Y y, Y̓ y̓, ʔ

## Squamish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xʷ/

### Letter

xw (upper case Xw)
* A letter of the Squamish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, E e (É é), H h, I i (Í í), K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, Kwʼ kwʼ, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵwʼ ḵwʼ, L l, Lʼ lʼ, Lh lh, M m, Mʼ mʼ, N n, Nʼ nʼ, P p, Pʼ pʼ, S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u (Ú ú), W w, Wʼ wʼ, X x, Xw xw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, Y y, Yʼ yʼ, 7

## Tlingit
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xʷ/

### Letter

xw (upper case Xw)
* A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Canada:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à, Â â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
* US:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․
# proclamators
## English
### Noun

proclamators
* plural of proclamator
# ქალწულობა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ქალწული (kalc̣uli) +‎ -ობა (-oba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰalt͡sʼuɫoba]
* Hyphenation: ქალ‧წუ‧ლო‧ბა

### Noun

ქალწულობა • (kalc̣uloba) (uncountable)
* maidenhead, maidenhood

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ifgħal
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪ.fal/
* IPA: /ˈɪ.faˤːl/ (archaic)

### Verb

ifgħal
* second-person singular imperative of fagħal
# 䢘

| 䢘 | U+4898, &#18584; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4898 |
| ← 䢗 [U+4897] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 䢙 → [U+4899] |

## Translingual
### Han character

䢘 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜十木戈 (YJDI), composition ⿺辶守)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1257, character 4
* Unihan data for U+4898

## Korean
### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 辶 (“walking”) + 守 (“defend”). After the character fell out of regular use, it was reinterpreted as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 (xíngshēng)), whence the modern reading.
The original reading is not known.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰu]
* Phonetic hangul: [수]

### Hanja

䢘 (eumhun 땅 이름 수 (ttang ireum su))
* This term is used in Korean place names from the first millennium and has also been attested in wooden tablets from the same period, where it apparently intervenes between the name of a gate or building and a personal name. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
** guard, gatekeeper

### References

* 이문기 (Yi Mun-gi) (2005) “雁(안)鴨(압)池(지) 출토 木(목)簡(간)으로 본 新(신)羅(라)의 宮(궁)廷(정)業(업)務(무) 宮(궁)中(중)雜(잡)役(역)의 遂(수)行(행)과 宮(궁)廷(정)警(경)備(비) 관련 木(목)簡(간)을 중심으로 ”, in Han-guk godaesa yeon-gu (in Korean), volume 39, pages 157—207fix
# guianicorum
## Latin
### Adjective

guiānicōrum
* genitive masculine/neuter plural of guiānicus
# jagħqad
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjaː.ʔat/
* IPA: /ˈjaˤː.ʔat/ (archaic)

### Verb

jagħqad
* third-person masculine singular imperfect of għaqad