# 辛辣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīnlà
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ laat$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-loa̍h
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shin-laq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīnlà
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sinlà
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^1$-la$^4$
*** Yale: syīn-là
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinlah
*** Palladius: синьла (sinʹla)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵ lä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ laat$^6$
*** Yale: sān laaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ laat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ lad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ laːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-loa̍h
*** Tâi-lô: sin-lua̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinloah
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ luaʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² luaʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² luaʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shin-laq
*** MiniDict: shin$^平$ lah
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xin-laq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵⁵ laʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sin lat
Rime :
| Character | 辛 | 辣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 息鄰切 | 盧達切 |
| Baxter | sin | lat |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪn/ | /lɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sin/ | /lɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjen/ | /lɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sin/ | /lat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siĕn/ | /lɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭĕn/ | /lɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ĕn/ | /lɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xīn | là |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^1$ | laat$^6$ |

### Adjective

辛辣
* (of taste) spicy; pungent
    From: 544 CE, Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu
    Cháogē dàsuàn, xīnlà yìcháng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figurative, of wording, criticism, etc.) biting; incisive

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 辛 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 辣, 辛辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 辣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 辣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 辣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 辣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 辣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 辣 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 辣 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 辣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 辣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 辣 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 辣 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 辣 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 辣 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Changting | 辣 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 辣 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 辣 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 辣 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 辣 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 薟 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 辣 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 辣 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 辣 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 辣 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 辣 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 辣 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 辣 |
| Jin | Linhe | 辣 |
| Jin | Jining | 辣 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 辣 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 辣 |
| Jin | Handan | 辣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 辣, 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 薟, 辣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 薟, 辣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 風, 辣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 辣 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 辣 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 辣 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 辣 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 辣 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 辣 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 辣 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 辣 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 辣 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 辣 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 辣 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 辣 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 辣 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 辣 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 辣 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 辣 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 辣 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 辣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 辣 |
| Wu | Danyang | 辣 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 辣 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 辣 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 辣 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 辣 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 辣農 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 辣 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 辣 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 辛辣(しんらつ) (shinratsu)
* → Korean: 신랄(辛辣) (sillal)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 辛 | 辣 |
| しん Grade: S | らつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 辛らつ (mazegaki)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんらつ [shìńrátsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩn̺ɾa̠t͡sɨ]

### Adjective

辛(しん)辣(らつ) • (shinratsu) -na (adnominal 辛(しん)辣(らつ)な (shinratsu na), adverbial 辛(しん)辣(らつ)に (shinratsu ni))
* (of wording, criticism, etc.) biting; incisive
    辛辣(しんらつ)な発言(はつげん)
       shinratsu na hatsugen
       pointed remarks

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 辛辣だろ | しんらつだろ | shinratsu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 辛辣で | しんらつで | shinratsu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 辛辣だ | しんらつだ | shinratsu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 辛辣な | しんらつな | shinratsu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 辛辣なら | しんらつなら | shinratsu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 辛辣であれ | しんらつであれ | shinratsu de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 辛辣ではない 辛辣じゃない | しんらつではない しんらつじゃない | shinratsu de wa nai shinratsu ja nai |
| Informal past | 辛辣だった | しんらつだった | shinratsu datta |
| Informal negative past | 辛辣ではなかった 辛辣じゃなかった | しんらつではなかった しんらつじゃなかった | shinratsu de wa nakatta shinratsu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 辛辣です | しんらつです | shinratsu desu |
| Formal negative | 辛辣ではありません 辛辣じゃありません | しんらつではありません しんらつじゃありません | shinratsu de wa arimasen shinratsu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 辛辣でした | しんらつでした | shinratsu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 辛辣ではありませんでした 辛辣じゃありませんでした | しんらつではありませんでした しんらつじゃありませんでした | shinratsu de wa arimasen deshita shinratsu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 辛辣で | しんらつで | shinratsu de |
| Conditional | 辛辣なら（ば） | しんらつなら（ば） | shinratsu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 辛辣だったら | しんらつだったら | shinratsu dattara |
| Volitional | 辛辣だろう | しんらつだろう | shinratsu darō |
| Adverbial | 辛辣に | しんらつに | shinratsu ni |
| Degree | 辛辣さ | しんらつさ | shinratsusa |

### Noun

辛(しん)辣(らつ) • (shinratsu)
* (of wording, criticism, etc.) bite; incisiveness

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN