# kul
## Albanian

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### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian * ̊kull-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to revolve, twist”). Occurs almost exclusively in prefixed form with për-. Probably related to ul.

### Verb

kul (aorist (për)kula, participle (për)kulur)
* to bend, crouch, bow

#### Derived terms

* përkul

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkul]

### Participle

kul
* masculine singular past active participle of kout

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, cognate with Swedish kol, German Kohle, Dutch kool, English coal.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kol/, [ˈkʰɔl]

#### Noun

kul n (singular definite kullet, plural indefinite kul)
* coal

##### Derived terms

* brunkul
* grillkul
* kulgrube
* kulhandel
* kulilte
* kulkraft
* kulkælder
* kullag
* kulmine
* kulsyre
* kultegning
* kultveilte
* stenkul

#### References

* “kul” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuːˀl/, [ˈkʰuˀl]

#### Verb

kul
* imperative of kule

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʏl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʏl

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cul, kul (“testicle”), from Old French coille, from Latin cōleus (“testicle”).

#### Noun

kul f (plural kullen, diminutive kulletje n)
* (obsolete) testicle
* (dialectal) marble (small ball used in various games)
* (obsolete) loser, wuss, wimp

##### Derived terms

* beverskul
* flauwekul
* kulkoek
* kullen
* vossenkulletje

### Etymology 2

Clipping of flauwekul, a univerbation of the adjective flauw (“insipid, tasteless”) and the noun kul (“testicle”).

#### Noun

kul m (uncountable)
* nonsense, rubbish

##### Derived terms

* kulargument
* kulverhaal

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰʏːl]
* Rhymes: -ʏːl

### Noun

kul n (genitive singular kuls, no plural)
* (light) breeze
    Synonym: gola

#### Declension
## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kul.

### Noun

kul
* slave

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kul”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

Related to the noun kule

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʉːl/
* Rhymes: -ʉːl

#### Noun

kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kuler, definite plural kulene)
* bump, swelling (in the head or on a level surface)

### Etymology 2

From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.

#### Alternative forms

* kuul

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʉːl/
* Rhymes: -ʉːl

#### Adjective

kul (masculine and feminine kul, neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulere, indefinite superlative kulest, definite superlative kuleste)
* cool (awesome)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʉːl/
* Rhymes: -ʉːl

#### Verb

kul
* imperative of kule

### References

* “kul” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* NAOB

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

Related to the noun kule

#### Noun

kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kular, definite plural kulane)
* bump, swelling (in the head or on a level surface)

### Etymology 2

From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.

#### Adjective

kul (neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulare, indefinite superlative kulast, definite superlative kulaste)
* cool (awesome)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

kul
* imperative of kule

### References

* “kul” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkul/
* Rhymes: -ul
* Syllabification: kul
* Homophone: cool

### Noun

kul f
* genitive plural of kula
    Synonym: kuli

### Verb

kul
* second-person singular imperative of kulić

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From English cool.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kûːl/

### Adjective

kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)
* cool: popular, great, in fashion
    Taj frajer je zbilja kul! — That dude is really cool!

### Adverb

kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)
* cool, in a cool manner

## Sumerian
### Romanization

kul
* Romanization of 𒆰 (kul)

## Swedish
### Etymology

Of unclear origin. Perhaps a clipping from an earlier kulan, from kula. First seen in 1911.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʉːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʉːl

### Adjective

kul (comparative mer kul, superlative mest kul)
* fun
    Det är kul att åka skateboardIt's fun to ride a skateboard
* funny
    Vill du höra ett kul skämt?Want to hear a funny joke?
* (nominalized) fun things
    Det finns mycket kul att göra på stadsfestivalenThere are lots of fun things to do at the city festival

#### Declension

No inflected forms. Sometimes kulig is used colloquially when inflected forms are needed.

#### Related terms

* jättekul
* kulig
* skitkul

#### See also

* kula
* rolig
* skoj

### References

* kul in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kul in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kul in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tocharian B
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Noun

kul ?
* bell

### Further reading

* Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kul”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 196

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قول (kul, “male slave, servant”), from Old Anatolian Turkish قل (qul), from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”). Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”), Karakhanid قُلْ (qul, “slave”), Kazakh құл (qūl), Khakas хул (xul).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʊl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kul

### Noun

kul (definite accusative kulu, plural kullar)
* slave (sense as a noun mostly archaic, except "kul köle" and similar idioms - even figuratively, where "köle" is commoner. An exception is the verb form "kulluk yapmak, "to serve" in pejorative sense)
* servant
* position of man according to God (No equivalent, even in "servant" of the lord this sense is preserved. In this context "mortal" sense in vernacular is understood, versus an "immortal god")

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kul
kullar
definite accusative
kulu
kulları
dative
kula
kullara
locative
kulda
kullarda
ablative
kuldan
kullardan
genitive
kulun
kulların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kulum
kullarım
2nd singular
kulun
kulların
3rd singular
kulu
kulları
1st plural
kulumuz
kullarımız
2nd plural
kulunuz
kullarınız
3rd plural
kulları
kulları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kulumu
kullarımı
2nd singular
kulunu
kullarını
3rd singular
kulunu
kullarını
1st plural
kulumuzu
kullarımızı
2nd plural
kulunuzu
kullarınızı
3rd plural
kullarını
kullarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
kuluma
kullarıma
2nd singular
kuluna
kullarına
3rd singular
kuluna
kullarına
1st plural
kulumuza
kullarımıza
2nd plural
kulunuza
kullarınıza
3rd plural
kullarına
kullarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kulumda
kullarımda
2nd singular
kulunda
kullarında
3rd singular
kulunda
kullarında
1st plural
kulumuzda
kullarımızda
2nd plural
kulunuzda
kullarınızda
3rd plural
kullarında
kullarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kulumdan
kullarımdan
2nd singular
kulundan
kullarından
3rd singular
kulundan
kullarından
1st plural
kulumuzdan
kullarımızdan
2nd plural
kulunuzdan
kullarınızdan
3rd plural
kullarından
kullarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kulumun
kullarımın
2nd singular
kulunun
kullarının
3rd singular
kulunun
kullarının
1st plural
kulumuzun
kullarımızın
2nd plural
kulunuzun
kullarınızın
3rd plural
kullarının
kullarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
kulum
kullarım
2nd singular
kulsun
kullarsın
3rd singular
kul kuldur
kullar kullardır
1st plural
kuluz
kullarız
2nd plural
kulsunuz
kullarsınız
3rd plural
kullar
kullardır :

#### Related terms

* kullu
* kulsuz
* kulluk
* kulluk yapmak, kulluk etmek, kul olmak
* kullanmak
* kul köle
* hatasız kul olmaz

### See also

* köle

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

## Yucatec Maya
### Verb

kul (positional)
* to sit