# 鳥

| 鳥 | U+9CE5, &#40165; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE5 |
| ← 鳤 [U+9CE4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鳦 → [U+9CE6] |
| ⿃ | U+2FC3, &#12227; KANGXI RADICAL BIRD |
| ← ⿂ [U+2FC2] | Kangxi Radicals | ⿄ → [U+2FC4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鳥 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜火 (HAYF), four-corner 2732$_7$, composition ⿴烏一)
* Kangxi radical #196, ⿃.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/鳥
* 嶋, 㨶, 隝, 樢(㭤), 殦, 瞗, 翵, 鵤, 鿂, 鷠
* 鄥, 㠀, 䙚, 嶌, 蔦(茑), 窵(窎), 穒, 䉆
* 𠌵, 𡡅, 𡰎, 𢄦, 𤡕, 𭧘, 𭿼, 𧜣, 𦄋, 𦉓, 𧽪, 𨄙, 𩘲, 𬳥, 𭿱, 𪋞
* 𠞸, 𣦘, 𫼃, 𪾖, 𦾉, 𩘵, 𡃸, 𦠂, 𠟀, 𤹷, 𨶠, 𡈙

#### See also

* 𠒎 島(岛) 梟(枭) 裊(袅) 烏(乌) 焉 舃 舄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1480, character 52
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46634
* Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9CE5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鳥 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 島 | *tuːwʔ |
| 搗 | *taːwʔ |
| 鵃 | *rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw |
| 瞗 | *tɯːw |
| 鳥 | *tɯːwʔ |
| 蔦 | *tɯːwʔ, *tɯːws |
| 窵 | *tɯːws |
Pictogram (象形): a bird with a dangling tail.
Compare 烏, which is very similar, of similar origin, and 隹, which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable. Compare to Egyptian 𓄿

### Etymology

Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare 島 (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word 屌 (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare 雀 (“sparrow > penis”) and 雞 (“chicken > penis”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; compare Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”), whence Thai นก (nók).
The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (“bird”) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): niǎo (niao$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiao$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): niu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): niau$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nyieu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tiâu / niâu / to̍k / tio̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): diau$^ˋ$ / niau$^ˋ$ / dog$^ˋ$ / diog$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): diau$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): niau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): niǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): cēu / nēu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo$^3$ / nieo$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiáu / niáu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziao$^2$ / ziou$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$tiau; $^5$gniau / $^3$tiau; $^3$gniau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): diau$^3$ / nyiau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǎo
*** Wade–Giles: niao$^3$
*** Yale: nyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neau
*** Palladius: няо (njao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (鳥兒 / 鸟儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǎor
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǎor
*** Wade–Giles: niao$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: nyǎur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neaul
*** Palladius: няор (njaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiao$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niao
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiau⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: niu$^5$
*** Yale: níuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: niu$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: niu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /niːu̯¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: niau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdiau²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nyieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲiɛu²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâu / niâu / to̍k / tio̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: diau$^ˊ$ / niau$^ˊ$ / dog / diog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: diau$^1$ / niau$^1$ / dog$^6$ / diog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ti̯au̯²⁴/, /ni̯au̯²⁴/, /tok̚⁵/, /ti̯ok̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: diau$^ˋ$ / niau$^ˋ$ / dog$^ˋ$ / diog$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tiau⁵³/, /niau⁵³/, /tok²/, /tiok²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: diau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tiau⁴⁴/
* tiâu - vernacular;
* niâu - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鳥 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niɑu²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /niau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /niɑu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tiɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /niɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /niau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /niau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /niɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ȵiɔ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵiɔ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niau⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵiau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /niao⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /niɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liɔo²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɔ⁵⁵/ /tiɔ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niau⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /tiɔ⁵³/ /ȵiɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiæ⁵¹/ /tiæ⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵa³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /niɔ³⁵/ 飛～ /tiɔ³⁵/ 啄木～ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /liun²⁴/ /lin²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiau⁴¹/ /tiau⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /tiaɯ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɛu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tiau⁴⁴/ ～兒 /tiau³¹/ 罵人話 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋiɑu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /niu²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tiu³⁵/ /niu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /niu¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tiau⁵³/ /niau⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɛu³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niau²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siau⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡siau²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tewX
Rime :
| Character | 鳥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都了切 |
| Baxter | tewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /teu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /teu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /teu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /teu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tieu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tieu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | diu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤiwʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːwʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鳥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | niǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tew$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁiwʔ/ |
| English | bird |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鳥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9511 |
| Phonetic component | 鳥 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鳥 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːwʔ/ |

#### Definitions

鳥
* bird (Classifier: 隻／只 m; 群 m)
    養鳥／养鸟 ― yǎngniǎo ― to breed birds
* (slang, dialectal) to pay attention; to heed; to take notice of
    我才不鳥他。／我才不鸟他。 ― Wǒ cái bù niǎo tā. ― I don't give a damn about him.
* (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) unpleasant thing
    什麼鳥?!／什么鸟?! ― shénme niǎo?! ― What the fuck?!
* (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) inferior or objectionable (a general term of disparagement)
    這事情太鳥了！／这事情太鸟了！ ― Zhè shìqíng tài niǎo le! ― This thing really sucks!

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鳥 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鳥 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 鳥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鳥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 鳥兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 鳥兒, 雀兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 鳥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鳥, 小鳥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 鳥兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 鳥兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 鳥兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 鳥兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 鳥兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 鳥兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鳥, 鳥兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 雀兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 鳥兒, 雀兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 雀兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 家雀兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 鳥兒, 𪁏子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蟲蟻兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 鳥兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蟲蟻兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 鳥兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 鳥兒, 蟲蟻得 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 鳥兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 蟲蟻兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 鳥兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 鳥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鳥兒, 蟲蟻兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 鳥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 鳥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 雀兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鳥兒, 鳥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 鳥, 蟲蟻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 雀兒, 雀雀子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 鳥鳥子, 鳥兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 鳥兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 鳥兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 鳥兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鳥, 雀娃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 雀雀, 雀兒, 鳥兒 formal, 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 鳥兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 雀雀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 雀兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 鳥, 雀兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 雀子, 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 鳥兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 雀雀兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 雀鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 鳥, 小雀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 鳥, 鳥崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鳥, 鳥崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 雀兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 鳥兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 鳥兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 鳥, 雀子, 雀兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 雀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 鳥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 鳥, 雀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 雀兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 鳥雀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 鳥雀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 鳥, 雀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 鳥, 雀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 雀仔, 雀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 雀仔, 雀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 雀仔, 雀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 甩仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 雀仔, 雀 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 雀仔, 鷝仔 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 鳥仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 雀兒 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 雀仔, 鳥仔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 雀兒, 鳥 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 竹仔 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 雀兒 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 雀, 雀兒 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 雀兒 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 雀兒, 鳥 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 鳥 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 雀仔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 雀 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 雀仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 雀子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鳥兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 鳥哩 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 鳥兒 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 雀仔, 雀 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 雀 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 雀哩 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 雀仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 雀哩 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 烈 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 雀哎 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 鳥哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 鳥哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 鳥哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 鳥哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 雀 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 雀 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 雀哎 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 雀哎 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 鷝子, 鳥, 雀 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 雀, 鳥 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Changting | 鳥哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鳥子, 鳥 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鳥仔, 鳥 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 鳥子 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 雀子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 雀 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 鳥 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Meixian) | 鳥仔 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 鳥子 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 鳥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 雀雀 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 鳥 |
| Jin | Linhe | 鳥 |
| Jin | Jining | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 鳥 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 鳥兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 雀兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 隻仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 鳥囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鳥仔, 鳥隻 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鳥仔, 鳥隻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鳥仔, 鳥隻 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鳥仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 鳥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鳥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鳥, 鳥囝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 鳥囝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 鳥, 鳥囝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 鳥, 鳥囝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 鳥, 鳥囝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 鳥, 鳥囝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 鳥, 鳥囝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 鳥 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鳥 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 鳥 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 雀子 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 雀子子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鳥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 將 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鳥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 雀子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 鳥, 鳥兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鳥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鳥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鳥 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 鳥唧 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 鳥 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 鳥 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 鳥唧 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 鳥嘀 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 鳥哩 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 鳥哩 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 雀哩 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 鳥仔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 雀 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 屙鳥 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 鳥咯, 鳥得 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 鳥仔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 鳥崽 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 鳥得 |

#### Compounds

* 一石二鳥 / 一石二鸟 (yīshí'èrniǎo)
* 一石兩鳥 / 一石两鸟
* 丹鳥 / 丹鸟
* 九官鳥 / 九官鸟 (jiǔguānniǎo)
* 九頭鳥 / 九头鸟
* 了鳥 / 了鸟
* 人為財死，鳥為食亡 / 人为财死，鸟为食亡 (rén wèi cái sǐ, niǎo wèi shí wáng)
* 伯勞鳥 / 伯劳鸟 (bóláoniǎo)
* 伺晨鳥 / 伺晨鸟
* 伽藍鳥 / 伽蓝鸟 (qiélánniǎo)
* 保護鳥 / 保护鸟
* 信鳥 / 信鸟
* 候鳥 / 候鸟 (hòuniǎo)
* 倦鳥知返 / 倦鸟知返
* 傷弓之鳥 / 伤弓之鸟
* 催明鳥 / 催明鸟
* 八色鳥 / 八色鸟
* 共命鳥 / 共命鸟 (gòngmìngniǎo)
* 出籠鳥 / 出笼鸟
* 出頭鳥 / 出头鸟
* 反舌鳥 / 反舌鸟
* 同命鳥 / 同命鸟
* 同林鳥 / 同林鸟
* 呆鳥 / 呆鸟
* 啄木鳥 / 啄木鸟 (zhuómùniǎo)
* 坌鳥先飛 / 坌鸟先飞 (bènniǎoxiānfēi)
* 夏候鳥 / 夏候鸟
* 天堂鳥 / 天堂鸟 (tiāntángniǎo)
* 太陽鳥 / 太阳鸟
* 好鳥 / 好鸟 (hǎoniǎo)
* 如鳥獸散 / 如鸟兽散
* 始祖鳥 / 始祖鸟 (shǐzǔniǎo)
* 孝鳥 / 孝鸟
* 孤鳥 / 孤鸟
* 害鳥 / 害鸟 (hàiniǎo)
* 小鳥依人 / 小鸟依人 (xiǎoniǎoyīrén)
* 屁鳥人 / 屁鸟人
* 崎嶇鳥道 / 崎岖鸟道
* 布穀鳥 / 布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
* 干鳥
* 干鳥氣 / 干鸟气
* 恐鳥 / 恐鸟 (kǒngniǎo)
* 撮鳥 / 撮鸟
* 攛哄鳥亂 / 撺哄鸟乱
* 文鳥 / 文鸟
* 暗光鳥 / 暗光鸟 (àm-kong-chiáu) (Min Nan)
* 朱鳥 / 朱鸟
* 梟鳥 / 枭鸟 (xiāoniǎo)
* 極樂鳥 / 极乐鸟 (jílèniǎo)
* 橿鳥 / 橿鸟 (jiāngniǎo)
* 檻猿籠鳥 / 槛猿笼鸟
* 比翼鳥 / 比翼鸟 (bǐyìniǎo)
* 水鳥 / 水鸟 (shuǐniǎo)
* 池魚籠鳥 / 池鱼笼鸟
* 漂鳥 / 漂鸟
* 火鳥 / 火鸟
* 烏鳥之情 / 乌鸟之情
* 烏鳥私情 / 乌鸟私情
* 無翼鳥 / 无翼鸟 (wúyìniǎo)
* 熊經鳥申 / 熊经鸟申
* 犀鳥 / 犀鸟 (xīniǎo)
* 獸聚鳥散 / 兽聚鸟散
* 獵鳥 / 猎鸟 (lièniǎo)
* 玄鳥 / 玄鸟
* 玄鳥氏 / 玄鸟氏
* 琴鳥 / 琴鸟 (qínniǎo)
* 留鳥 / 留鸟 (liúniǎo)
* 白鳥 / 白鸟 (báiniǎo)
* 百靈鳥 / 百灵鸟 (bǎilíngniǎo)
* 百鳥 / 百鸟 (bǎiniǎo)
* 百鳥朝鳳 / 百鸟朝凤 (bǎiniǎocháofèng)
* 益鳥 / 益鸟 (yìniǎo)
* 相思鳥 / 相思鸟
* 知更鳥 / 知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo)
* 禽息鳥視 / 禽息鸟视
* 禽鳥 / 禽鸟 (qínniǎo)
* 窮鳥入懷 / 穷鸟入怀
* 笨鳥先飛 / 笨鸟先飞 (bènniǎoxiānfēi)
* 籠中之鳥 / 笼中之鸟
* 籠中窮鳥 / 笼中穷鸟
* 籠中鳥 / 笼中鸟
* 籠鳥檻猿 / 笼鸟槛猿
* 粉鳥 / 粉鸟 (hún-chiáu) (Min Nan)
* 精鳥賬 / 精鸟账
* 綬帶鳥 / 绶带鸟
* 羅含夢鳥 / 罗含梦鸟
* 羊腸鳥道 / 羊肠鸟道
* 翠鳥 / 翠鸟 (cuìniǎo)
* 翳鳥 / 翳鸟
* 老鳥 / 老鸟 (lǎoniǎo)
* 能言鳥 / 能言鸟 (néngyánniǎo)
* 花香鳥語 / 花香鸟语
* 花鳥使 / 花鸟使
* 花鳥畫 / 花鸟画
* 菜鳥 / 菜鸟 (càiniǎo)
* 蒼鳥 / 苍鸟
* 蜂鳥 / 蜂鸟 (fēngniǎo)
* 象鳥 / 象鸟
* 越鳥 / 越鸟 (yuèniǎo)
* 越鳥南棲 / 越鸟南栖
* 軍艦鳥 / 军舰鸟
* 遛鳥 / 遛鸟 (liùniǎo)
* 野鳥 / 野鸟 (yěniǎo)
* 錦花鳥 / 锦花鸟
* 鐵鳥 / 铁鸟 (tiěniǎo)
* 長頸鳥喙 / 长颈鸟喙
* 陽鳥 / 阳鸟
* 隴鳥 / 陇鸟
* 雛鳥 / 雏鸟 (chúniǎo)
* 雷鳥 / 雷鸟 (léiniǎo)
* 青鳥 / 青鸟
* 韓朋鳥 / 韩朋鸟
* 飛鳥 / 飞鸟 (fēiniǎo)
* 飛鳥使 / 飞鸟使
* 飛鳥依人 / 飞鸟依人
* 駝鳥 / 驼鸟 (tuóniǎo)
* 駝鳥政策 / 驼鸟政策
* 驚弓之鳥 / 惊弓之鸟 (jīnggōngzhīniǎo)
* 魚潰鳥散 / 鱼溃鸟散
* 魚驚鳥散 / 鱼惊鸟散
* 魚鳥 / 鱼鸟
* 鰹鳥 / 鲣鸟 (jiānniǎo)
* 鱉鳥 / 鳖鸟
* 鳥人 / 鸟人
* 鳥信 / 鸟信
* 鳥卜 / 鸟卜
* 鳥喙 / 鸟喙 (niǎohuì)
* 鳥嘴銃 / 鸟嘴铳
* 鳥囀 / 鸟啭
* 鳥園 / 鸟园
* 鳥夷 / 鸟夷
* 鳥媒花 / 鸟媒花
* 鳥尾花 / 鸟尾花
* 鳥屋 / 鸟屋
* 鳥嶼 / 鸟屿 (Niǎoyǔ)
* 鳥巢 / 鸟巢 (niǎocháo)
* 鳥庭 / 鸟庭
* 鳥房 / 鸟房
* 鳥散 / 鸟散
* 鳥散魚潰 / 鸟散鱼溃
* 鳥松 / 鸟松 (Niǎosōng)
* 鳥梨 / 鸟梨
* 鳥槍 / 鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng)
* 鳥爪 / 鸟爪
* 鳥獸 / 鸟兽 (niǎoshòu)
* 鳥獸散 / 鸟兽散 (niǎoshòusàn)
* 鳥獸行 / 鸟兽行
* 鳥王 / 鸟王
* 鳥盡弓藏 / 鸟尽弓藏 (niǎojìngōngcáng)
* 鳥瞰 / 鸟瞰 (niǎokàn)
* 鳥窩 / 鸟窝 (niǎowō)
* 鳥篆 / 鸟篆
* 鳥籠 / 鸟笼 (niǎolóng)
* 鳥糞層 / 鸟粪层
* 鳥紋 / 鸟纹
* 鳥舉 / 鸟举
* 鳥葬 / 鸟葬
* 鳥蟲書 / 鸟虫书
* 鳥裡鳥氣 / 鸟里鸟气
* 鳥語 / 鸟语 (niǎoyǔ)
* 鳥語花香 / 鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
* 鳥道 / 鸟道
* 鳥道羊腸 / 鸟道羊肠
* 鳥銃 / 鸟铳 (niǎochòng)
* 鳥集鱗萃 / 鸟集鳞萃
* 鳥面鵠形 / 鸟面鹄形
* 鳥革翬飛 / 鸟革翚飞
* 鳥類 / 鸟类 (niǎolèi)
* 鳥食 / 鸟食
* 鳥驚魚潰 / 鸟惊鱼溃
* 鳥鼠 / 鸟鼠 (niáu-chhí) (Min Nan)
* 鴇鳥 / 鸨鸟
* 鴕鳥 / 鸵鸟 (tuóniǎo)
* 鴕鳥蛋 / 鸵鸟蛋
* 鵠面鳥形 / 鹄面鸟形
* 鶉鳥 / 鹑鸟
* 鷙鳥 / 鸷鸟 (zhìniǎo)
* 鷙鳥不群 / 鸷鸟不群
* 鷗鳥忘機 / 鸥鸟忘机
* 黃鳥 / 黄鸟 (huángniǎo)
* 龜文鳥跡 / 龟文鸟迹

#### Descendants

* → Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diǎo (diao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄠˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tiao$^3$
*** Yale: dyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: deau
*** Palladius: дяо (djao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

鳥
* (vulgar) Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo)
** penis
** (intensifier) damned; goddamn
    你這鳥人！／你这鸟人！ ― Nǐ zhè diǎorén! ― You fucking prick!

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鳥(ちょう) (chō)
* → Korean: 조(鳥) (jo)
* → Vietnamese: điểu (鳥)
Others:
* → Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kun: とり (tori, 鳥, Jōyō)、と (to)
* Nanori: か (ka)

#### Compounds

* 鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん) (chōkan)
* 鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)図(ず) (chōkanzu)
* 鳥(ちょう)獣(じゅう) (chōjū)
* 鳥(ちょう)葬(そう) (chōsō)
* 鳥(ちょう)類(るい) (chōrui, “bird, birds; avian”)
* 愛(あい)鳥(ちょう) (aichō, “beloved bird; love for birds”)
* 益(えき)鳥(ちょう) (ekichō, “beneficial bird”)
* 害(がい)鳥(ちょう) (gaichō, “harmful bird”)
* 楓鳥(カエデチョウ) (kaedechō)
* 伽(カ)藍(ラン)鳥(チョウ) (karanchō, “pelican”)
* 小紋鳥(コモンチョウ) (komonchō)
* 七(シチ)面(メン)鳥(チョウ) (shichimenchō, “turkey”)
* 慈(ジ)鳥(チョウ) (jichō, “crow, raven”)
* 人(ジン)鳥(チョウ) (jinchō, “penguin”)
* 駝(ダ)鳥(チョウ) (dachō, “ostrich”)
* 火(ひ)の鳥(とり) (hi no tori, “phoenix”, in Western mythology)
* 不(ふ)死(し)鳥(ちょう) (fushichō, “undying bird”)
* 雷(ライ)鳥(チョウ) (raichō, “ptarmigan, a snow grouse”)
* 雷(らい)神(じん)鳥(ちょう) (raijinchō, “thunderbird”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鳥
* とり Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨to$_2$ri⟩ → /tori/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean 닭 (dak, “fowl; chicken”).

#### Alternative forms

* (usually a chicken): 鶏
* 禽 (rare)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とり [tòrí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

鳥(とり) • (tori)
* a bird
** 1999 July 5, “タクヒ [Takuhi]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
    このトリが現(あらわ)れた時(とき)は、何(なに)か不(ふ)吉(きつ)な事(こと)が起(お)こる前(まえ)ぶれ。
       Kono tori ga arawareta toki wa, nani ka fukitsu na koto ga okoru maebure.
       This bird brings bad luck to wherever it comes.
** 1999 August 26, “セイント・バード [Saint Bird]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
    非(ひ)常(じょう)に尾(お)の長(なが)い鳥(とり)。全(ぜん)身(しん)から聖(せい)なる光(ひかり)を発(はっ)する。
       Hijō ni o no nagai tori. Zenshin kara seinaru hikari o hassuru.
       A bird with an unusually long tail. It illuminates with holy light.
* a chicken
** 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 16, poem 939; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 62)
    夜(よ)をこめて鳥(とり)のそらねははかるともよに逢坂(あふさか)の関(せき)はゆるさじ
       yo o komete tori no sorane wa hakaru tomo yo ni Ōsaka-no-seki wa yurusaji
       Try if you wish to fool others with rooster calls in the depths of night―but still closed to your passage will be the gate at Meeting Hill.
* fowl or chicken meat

##### Derived terms

* 酉(とり) (Tori): the Cock in the Chinese zodiac
* 鳥(とり)居(い) (torī, “torii gate”, literally "bird stand, bird perch")
* 鳥(とり)インフルエンザ (tori infuruenza, “avian influenza, bird flu”)
* 鳥兜(とりかぶと), 鳥甲(とりかぶと) (torikabuto)
* 鳥籠(とりかご) (torikago, “birdcage”)
* 鳥(とり)刺(さ)し (torisashi, “chicken sashimi, raw chicken meat”)
* 信天翁(アホウドリ) (ahōdori, “albatross”)
* 臼(うす)辺(べ)鳥(どり) (usubedori): chicken (bird)
* 鴛鴦(おしどり) (oshidori, “mandarin duck”)
* 鶏(にわとり) (niwatori, “chicken”)

#### Proper noun

鳥(とり) • (Tori)
* a surname
* a unisex given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鳥
* と Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨to$_2$ri⟩ → ⟨*to$_2$⟩ → /to/
From Old Japanese. Appears to be a shift from tori above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [to̞]
* The pitch accent is determined by the entire word.

#### Prefix

鳥(と) • (to-)
* a bird
* (more specifically) a chicken

##### Usage notes

* Appears in old compounds. Does not appear to be productive in modern Japanese.

##### Derived terms

* 鳥(と)網(あみ) (toami, “fowling net, bird net”)
* 鳥(と)狩(が)り (togari, “bird hunting; bird hunter”)
* 鳥(と)栖(ぐら) (togura, “bird coop, chicken coop”)
* 鶏(と)冠(さか) (tosaka, “cockscomb, crest on a bird's head”)
* 鳥屋(とや) (toya, “bird coop, chicken coop”)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 225
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鳥 (MC tewX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 됴ᇢ〯 (Yale: tyǒw) | 됴ᇢ〯 (Yale: tyǒw) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 새〯 (Yale: sǎy) | 됴〮 (Yale: tyó) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [조]

### Hanja

Wikisource 鳥 (eumhun 새 조 (sae jo))
* hanja form of 조 (“bird”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 백조 (白鳥, baekjo, “swan”)
* 불사조 (不死鳥, bulsajo, “phoenix”)
* 일석이조 (一石二鳥, ilseogijo, “kill two birds with one stone”)
* 조류 (鳥類, joryu, “birds”)
* 칠면조 (七面鳥, chilmyeonjo, “turkey”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* bird
* chicken

#### Readings

* Kun: とぅい (tui, 鳥)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鳥
* とぅい Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Proto-Ryukyuan *tori, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Cognate with Japanese 鳥 (tori).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tui]

### Noun

鳥(とぅい) (tui)
* bird
* chicken

### References

* “とぅい【鳥】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鳥: Hán Nôm readings: điểu, đeo, đéo, đẽo
* chữ Hán form of điểu (“bird”).

#### Compounds

* 鴕鳥 (đà điểu)