OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ლორტუკი
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* ლორთუკი (lortuḳi)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Armenian լորտուկ (lortuk), լորտու (lortu). The ghost form ღორტუკი (ɣorṭuḳi) first found in Čubinov 1887 and thence copied into other dictionaries is a misspelling of ლორტუკი (lorṭuḳi).

### Noun

ლორტუკი • (lorṭuḳi)
* (dated) nonvenomous snake, probably the grass snake (Natrix natrix)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “լորտու”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 299a

### Further reading

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ლორტუკი”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
* Čubinov, David (1887) “ლორტუკი”, in Грузинско-русский словарь [Georgian–Russian Dictionary]‎, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, column 653
* Čubinov, David (1887) “ღორტუკი”, in Грузинско-русский словарь [Georgian–Russian Dictionary]‎, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, column 1365
* Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1974) “ლირტუკი”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words]‎ (in Georgian), volume I, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 332a, probably a misprint of ლორტუკი (lorṭuḳi)
* Grišašvili, Ioseb (1997) “ლორთული”, in Kalakuri leksiḳoni [Urban Dictionary]‎, prepared by Rusudan Ḳusrašvili, Tbilisi: Samšoblo, page 142, the online version misspelling as ლორთული (lortuli)
* Rayfield, Donald, editor (2006), “ლორტუკი”, in A Comprehensive Georgian–English Dictionary‎, London: Garnett Press, glossing as glass snake but probably meaning grass snake
* Tschenkéli, Kita (1960–1974) “ლორტუკი”, in Georgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch, appeared in 26 fascicles, since fascicle 8 edited by Yolanda Marchev, Zürich: Amirani-Verlag, page 690b, glossing as Natter
# forgery
## English
### Etymology

Recorded since 1574; from the verb to forge, from Middle English forgen, via Anglo-Norman forger, from Old French forgier, from Latin fabricari (“to frame, construct, fabricate”), itself from fabrica (“workshop; construction”), from faber (“workman, smith”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfɔː.dʒəɹ.ɪ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈfɔːɹ.d͡ʒəɹ.ɪ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

forgery (countable and uncountable, plural forgeries)
* The act of forging metal into shape.
    the forgery of horseshoes
* The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; especially the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another, the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud.
    the forgery of a bond
** 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.
* That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised or counterfeited.
* (archaic) An invention, creation.

#### Usage notes

The non-fraudulent meaning "metalworking" is more usually expressed with the noun forging, or with other words such as metalworking, smithcraft, etc.

#### Synonyms

* counterfeit
* fake

#### Derived terms

* cross-site request forgery
* forger
* philatelic forgery
* postal forgery
* sporgery

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
# אִירַה
## Judeo-Italian
### Etymology

Derived from Classical Latin īra (“ire, anger, wrath”), from earlier eira, from Proto-Italic *eizā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éysh₂eh₂, derived from the root *h₁eysh₂- (“to strengthen; to propel”)

### Noun

אִירַה (ʔirah /ira/) f
* rage, fury
    Synonym: פֿוּרוּרוֹ (p̄ururo /⁠fururo⁠/)
** 16th century [750–450 BCE], “לוּ לִיבֵירוֹ דֵי יִרְמִיַהוּ [Lu libero de Jirmiau, The Book of Jeremiah]”, in נְבִיאִים [Nəḇiʔim, Prophets]‎ (manuscript), translation of נְבִיאִים [Nəḇīʔīm, Prophets] (in Biblical Hebrew), chapter 7, verse 20, leaf 2, right page, lines 14–18:פֵיר צוֹ קוּסִי דִיסֵי דוּמֵידֵית דֵית אֵיקוֹ לוּ פֿוּרוּרוֹ מִיאוֹ אֵי לַה אִירַה מֵיאַה קוּלַאטַה אַה לוּ לוּקוֹ קוּוֵיסְטוֹ סוּפֵירַה לוּ אוֹמוֹ אֵי סוּפֵירַה לַה בֵיסְטִיאַה אֵי סוּפֵירַה לוּ אַרְבֵילוֹ אֵי לוּ קַאנְפוֹ אֵי סוּפֵירַה לוּ פְֿרוּטוֹ דֵי לַה טֵירַה אֵי אַרְדֵירַה אֵי נוּן סֵי סְטוּצַארַה׃ (Judeo-Roman)per ṣo qusi dise dumedeṯ deṯ ʔeqo lu fururo miʔo ʔe lah ʔirah meʔah qulaʔṭah ʔah lu luqo quwesəṭo superah lu ʔomo ʔe superah lah besəṭiʔah ʔe superah lu ʔarəbelo ʔe lu qanəpo ʔe lu p̄əruṭo de lah ṭerah ʔe ʔarəderah ʔe nun se səṭuṣaʔrah./Per ciò, cusì disse Dumedeo Deo: "Ecco lu fururo mio e la ira mea, culata a lu luco questo: supera lu omo, e supera la bestia, e supera lu arbelo, e lu canpo, e lu frutto de la terra; e arderà, e nun se stuzzarà."/Therefore, thus said the Lord God: "Behold, my fury and my rage, poured on this place: upon the man, and upon the beast, and upon the tree, and the field, and the fruit of the land; and it will burn, and it will not be extinguished."
# աղտոտ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* եղտոտ (eġtot) — dialectal

### Etymology

աղտ (aġt) +‎ -ոտ (-ot)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑχˈtot/, [ɑχtót]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑχˈdod/, [ɑχtód]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Homophone: ախտոտ (axtot)

### Adjective

աղտոտ • (aġtot) (superlative ամենաաղտոտ)
* dirty
    Synonym: կեղտոտ (keġtot)
** ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 17:եղտոտ․ ըսփօռքօeġtot; əspʻōṙkʻōեղտոտ (eġtot) = sporco

#### Derived terms

* աղտոտել (aġtotel)

### References

* ↑ Orengo, Alessandro (2019) “Il ԲԱՌ ԳԻՐԳ ՏԱԼԻԱՆԻ Un dizionario armeno-italiano del XVII secolo”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, page 220

### Further reading

* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2001), “եղտոտ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 369a
# گراز
## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wlʾc /⁠warāz⁠/, “boar”), from Old Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *warājáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *warāȷ́ʰás (“boar”). Cognate with Central Kurdish بەراز (beraz), Northern Kurdish beraz, Southern Kurdish وەراز (weraz), Mazanderani وراز (verâz), براز (berâz, “boar”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬰𐬀 (varāza, “boar”), and Sanskrit वराह (varāha, “boar”). Akin to Old Armenian վարազ (varaz, “wild boar”) and Classical Syriac ܘܪܙܐ (warzāʾ), Iranian borrowings.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡu.ˈɾɑːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊ.ɾɑ́ːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊ.ɾɑ́ːz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡʊ.ɾɑ́ːz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡu.ɾɔ́ːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥o.ɹɒ́ːz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡu.ɾɔ́z]

### Noun

گراز • (gorâz) (plural گرازها (gorâz-hâ))
* boar
** wild boar, wild pig (Sus scrofa, a species of swine)
    Synonym: خوک وحشی (xuk-e vahši)
*** c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 119”, in دیوان امیر معزی‎:سر شمشیر او برندهٔ چنگال شیر آمد سر پیکان او سنبندهٔ یشک‌ گراز آمدsar-i šamšēr⁠-i ō buranda-yi čangāl-i šēr āmad sar-i paykān-i ō sumbanda-yi yašk-i gurāz āmadThe edge of his blade slices through the lion's claws, The edge of his arrow bores through the boar's tusks.(Classical Persian transliteration)
** male of any pig species
    Synonym: خوک نر (xuk-e nar)

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “warāz”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “گراز”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “վարազ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 314b
# ǧʷ
## Kwak'wala
### Alternative forms

* ⟨g̱w⟩ in Uʼmista orthography (standard Kwakʼwala)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɢʷ/

### Letter

ǧʷ (upper case Ǧʷ)
* (Liqʼwala dialect) A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Uʼmista
* (Latin-script letters) A a, A̱ a̱, B b, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, K k, Kw kw, K̓ k̓, K̓w k̓w, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵ̓ ḵ̓, Ḵ̓w ḵ̓w, L l, ʼL ʼl, Ł ł, M m, ʼM ʼm, N n, ʼN ʼn, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Tł tł, T̓ł t̓ł, Ts ts, T̓s t̓s, U u, W w, ʼW ʼw, X x, Xw xw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, Y y, ʼY ʼy, ʼ
* Liq̓ʷala
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ə ə, B b, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, Dᶻ dᶻ, E e, G g, Gʷ gʷ, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧʷ ǧʷ, H h, I i, K k, Kʷ kʷ, K̓ k̓, K̓ʷ k̓ʷ, Q q, Qʷ qʷ, Q̓ q̓, Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ, L l, L̓ l̓, Ł ł, M m, M̓ m̓, N n, N̓ n̓, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, C c, C̓ c̓, U u, W w, W̓ w̓, X x, Xʷ xʷ, X̌ x̌, X̌ʷ x̌ʷ, Y y, Y̓ y̓, ʔ
# an sin
## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* (colloquial) a shin
* (Uist, colloquial) an sineach, a shineach

### Etymology

From an sin (literally “in that”). Akin to Irish ansin and Manx ayns shen.

### Pronunciation

* (careful speech) IPA: /əɲˈʃĩn/, /əɲˈʃĩɲ/
* (colloquial forms) IPA: /(ə)ˈʃĩn/, /(ə)ˈhĩn/, /an̪ˠəˈʃĩn/, /an̪ˠəˈhĩn/, /(ə)ˈʃĩɲ/, /an̪ˠəˈʃĩɲ/, /an̪ˠaˈʃĩɲ/, /an̪ˠəˈhĩɲ/
* (Harris and North Uist colloquial form) IPA: /(ə)ˈʃɛ̃n/ (as if spelled an sean)
* (Wester Ross colloquial form) IPA: /an̪ˠəˈʃĩnɔxkɪɲ/ (corresponding to the form an sineachdainn)

### Adverb

an sin
* there

#### See also
### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* 1 2 Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN, page 728
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, page 149

### Further reading

* Colin Mark (2003) The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 666
# ლუდსახარში
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫudsaχaɾʃi]
* Hyphenation: ლუდ‧სა‧ხარ‧ში

### Noun

ლუდსახარში • (ludsaxarši) (plural ლუდსახარშები)
* brewery

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# падац
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak padať, from Proto-Slavic *padati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpadat͡s]
* Rhymes: -adat͡s
* Hyphenation: па‧дац

### Verb

падац (padac) impf (perfective спаднуц)
* (intransitive) to fall
    пада зависа ― pada zavisa ― the curtain is falling
* (intransitive) to drop
* (intransitive, of governments/states) to collapse
* (intransitive) to drop, to wane (to reduce in intensity)
    пада напруженє ― pada napruženje ― the voltage is waning
* (intransitive) to rain, to snow, to hail
    идзме док нє пада ― idzme dok nje pada ― let's go, while it's not raining
    пада диждж ― pada diždž ― it's raining (literally, “rain is falling”)
* (transitive, impersonal) to endure, to sustain, to take [with dative]
    чежко ми то падало ― čežko mi to padalo ― it was difficult for me to take it
* (intransitive, obsolete) to apply, to relate, to pertain [with на (na) ‘to’]
    Synonym: одношиц (odnošic)
    тоти слова падали на ньго ― toti slova padali na nʹho ― these words applied to him

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Related terms

* опаднути (opadnuti)
* падаюци (padajuci)
* препаднути (prepadnuti)
* розпадоваци (rozpadovaci)
* розпадуюци (rozpadujuci)
* спаднути (spadnuti)
* опаданє n (opadanje)
* опадованє n (opadovanje)
* пад m inan (pad)
* паданє n (padanje)
* падачка f (padačka)
* випадац impf (vipadac)
* випаднуц pf (vipadnuc)
* випадовац impf (vipadovac)
* западац pf (zapadac)
* западовац impf (zapadovac)
* нападац impf or pf (napadac)
* нападнуц pf (napadnuc)
* одпадац impf (odpadac)
* одпадовац impf (odpadovac)
* опадац impf (opadac)
* опаднуц pf (opadnuc)
* опадовац impf (opadovac)
* паднуц (padnuc)
* подпадац impf (podpadac)
* подпаднуц pf (podpadnuc)
* подпадовац impf (podpadovac)
* попадац pf (popadac)
* препадац impf (prepadac)
* препаднуц pf (prepadnuc)
* препадовац impf (prepadovac)
* припадац impf (pripadac)
* припаднуц pf (pripadnuc)
* розпадац pf (rozpadac)
* розпаднуц pf (rozpadnuc)
* розпадовац impf (rozpadovac)
* спадац impf (spadac)
* спаднуц pf (spadnuc)
* спадовац impf (spadovac)
* упадац (upadac)
* упаднуц (upadnuc)
* упадовац (upadovac)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “падац”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “fall”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 110
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “rain”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 236
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “snow”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 288
# 냉면
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 冷麵, from 冷 (“cold”) + 麵 (“noodles”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈnɛ(ː)ŋmjʌ̹n] ~ [ˈne̞(ː)ŋmjʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [냉(ː)면/넹(ː)면]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| South Korean Standard Language | 냉면(冷麵) (naengmyeon) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 랭면(冷麵) (raengmyeon) |

### Noun

냉면 • (naengmyeon) (hanja 冷麵)
* naengmyeon, a cold Korean noodle dish, usually in a tangy broth with a slice of a pear, a boiled egg, and beef

#### Derived terms

* 물냉면 (—冷麵, mullaengmyeon, “naengmyeon soup”)
* 비빔냉면 (—冷麵, bibimnaengmyeon, “naengmyeon with spicy salad”)
* 열무냉면 (—冷麵, yeolmunaengmyeon, “naengmyeon with fermented baby radish”)
* 평양냉면 (平壤冷麵, pyeong'yangnaengmyeon, “pyongyang naengmyeon”)
* 회냉면 (膾冷麵, hoenaengmyeon, “naengmyeon with sliced raw fish”)

#### Descendants

* → English: naengmyeon
# Westerwijtwerd
## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as westerwidwerd in 1421. From wester- (“western, west-”) and a compound of Old Frisian uuide (“willow, Salix sp.”) and uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The element wester- was added to distinguish the settlement from Oosterwijtwerd.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌʋɛs.tərˈʋɛi̯t.ʋərt/
* Hyphenation: Wes‧ter‧wijt‧werd

### Proper noun

Westerwijtwerd n
* A village in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
# millionize
## English
### Etymology

From million +‎ -ize.

### Verb

millionize (third-person singular simple present millionizes, present participle millionizing, simple past and past participle millionized)
* (transitive, dated) To make extremely numerous.
* (transitive, dated) To make into a millionaire, or accustomed to a millionaire's habits.

#### Related terms

* millionism
* millionist
# گاومیش
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* گامیش (gâmiš)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian TWRAmyš (gāw-mēš, literally “cow-sheep”); compare Persian گاو (gâv, “cow”) and میش (miš, “ewe”) for the constituents. Old Armenian գոմէշ (gomēš), Classical Syriac ܓܡܘܫܐ (gāmōšā) and Old Georgian კამბეჩი (ḳambeči) are borrowed from Middle Iranian.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡɑːw.meːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡɑːw.meːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡɑːw.meːʃ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡɑːw.meːʃ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡäw.meːʃ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥ɒːv.miːʃ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡɔw.meʃ]

### Noun

گاومیش • (gâvmiš) (plural گاومیشان (gâvmišân) or گاومیش‌ها (gâvmiš-hâ))
* buffalo
    Synonym: بوفالو (bufâlo)

#### Inflection

$^△$ Colloquial.

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: جاموس (jāmūs)
** Hijazi Arabic: جاموس (jāmūs)
** Maltese: gemus
** Moroccan Arabic: جاموس (gāmūs)
** → Azerbaijani: camış
** → Ge'ez: ጋሙስ (gamus)
** → Italian: Giammusso
** → Ottoman Turkish: جاموس
    Turkish: camız, camış
* → Chechen: гомаш (gomaš)
* → Gujarati: ગાવમેશ (gāvmeś)
* → Old Georgian: გამეში (gameši)

### References

* Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 618
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գոմէշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 575b
* Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 137
* Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 886, page 198
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
# ʔəsʔil
## Lushootseed
### Etymology

ʔəs- +‎ ʔili

### Verb

ʔəsʔil
* leaning on something
# avanti Cristo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈvan.ti ˈkri.sto/
** Hyphenation: a‧vàn‧ti‧Crì‧sto
* IPA: /a.van.tiˈkri.sto/
** Rhymes: -isto
** Hyphenation: a‧van‧ti‧Crì‧sto

### Adverb

avanti Cristo
* before Christ
    Synonym: (abbreviation) a.C. Antonym: dopo Cristo

### References

* ↑ a.C. in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
# ლუდხანა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ლუდი (ludi, “beer”) +‎ -ხანა (-xana, “place, facility”). Uniquely Georgian formation, as the corresponding Persian word is میخانه (meyxâne, “alehouse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫudχana]
* Hyphenation: ლუდ‧ხა‧ნა

### Noun

ლუდხანა • (ludxana) (plural ლუდხანები)
* (dated) beerhouse

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ontsporing
## Dutch
### Etymology

ontsporen +‎ -ing

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ont‧spo‧ring

### Noun

ontsporing f (plural ontsporingen, diminutive ontsporinkje n)
* derailment
# forkball
## English
### Etymology

From fork +‎ ball, since it is held between the first two fingers.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

forkball (plural forkballs)
* (baseball) A baseball pitch, much like the sinker.

#### Derived terms

* forkballer

### Anagrams

* korfball
# krypsis
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κρύψις (krúpsis, “hiding, concealment”). Doublet of crypsis.

### Noun

krypsis (uncountable)
* (theology) The doctrine that Christ, during His state of humiliation, continued to possess in a veiled way the divine attributes of omnipotence, omniscience, etc.

#### Related terms

* kryptic
# գնդակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian գնդակ (gndak), from գունդ (gund).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɡənˈdɑk/, [ɡəndɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kənˈtɑɡ/, [kʰəntʰɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

գնդակ • (gndak)
* ball
    Բազմաթիվ խաղեր գնդակով են խաղում։ ― Bazmatʻiv xaġer gndakov en xaġum. ― Many games are played with a ball.
* bullet
    Synonym: (dialectal) գյուլլա (gyulla)
    մի գնդակով երկու նապաստակ խփել ― mi gndakov erku napastak xpʻel ― to kill two birds with one stone

#### Derived terms

* գնդացիր (gndacʻir)
# caddichus
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κάδδιχος (káddikhos, “a vessel used in voting”). Mentioned in Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus, describing Ancient Spartan customs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkædɪkəs/

### Noun

caddichus (plural caddichuses)
* (historical) In ancient Sparta, a deep basin used in a form of voting or election, particularly for membership in common messes (syssitia).
** 1847, Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus, as translated by John Dryden, pg. 12:
    Each man in the company took a little ball of soft bread, which they were to throw into a deep basin, which a waiter carried round upon his head; those that liked the person to be chosen dropped their ball into the basin without altering its figure, and those who disliked him pressed it between their fingers, and made it flat; and this signified as much as a negative voice. And if there were but one of these pieces in the basin, the suitor was rejected, so desirous were they that all the members of the company should be agreeable to each other. The basin was called caddichus, and the rejected candidate had a name thence derived.
* (historical, by extension) A person rejected from membership in a Spartan common mess through the voting process that used such a basin.
** 1847, Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus, as translated by John Dryden, pg. 12:
    The basin was called caddichus, and the rejected candidate had a name thence derived.

### See also

* ostracism
* blackball
# skyward
## English
### Alternative forms

* skywards

### Etymology

From sky +‎ -ward.

### Adverb

skyward (not comparable)
* At or toward the sky.
    The rocket shot skyward and exploded in a burst of glittering stars.
** 2008 January–February, Matt Bean, “Your cultural calendar: 7 things to look forward to this year”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 135:If there is a heaven up there, Carl Sagan will be in his element on November 30, when Venus, Jupiter, and the moon align in a facelike formation. Gaze skyward to appreciate this rare triple feature of the brightest planets with a wry grin from the moon.

### Adjective

skyward (not comparable)
* Pointing or facing at or moving toward the sky.
# Batoni
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Batoni m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# když nejde hora k Mohamedovi, musí Mohamed k hoře
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡdɪʃ nɛjdɛ ɦora k moɦamɛdovɪ | musiː moɦamɛt k ɦor̝ɛ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Proverb

když nejde hora k Mohamedovi, musí Mohamed k hoře
* if the mountain won't come to Muhammad, if the mountain won't come to Muhammad, then Muhammad must go to the mountain

### Further reading

* “hora”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “hora”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# tesh
## English
### Etymology

From t +‎ esh.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: tĕsh, IPA: /tɛʃ/
* Rhymes: -ɛʃ

### Noun

tesh (plural teshes)
* (phonetics) The IPA digraph "tʃ", or the obsolete ligature "ʧ".

### See also

* dezh

### Anagrams

* Esth, Esth., Seth, eths, hest, hets, shet

## Albanian
### Etymology

A derivative of teshë.

### Noun

tesh m (plural tesha, definite teshi, definite plural teshat) (medicine)
* syphilis
* herpes

#### Related terms

* teshë
# Westrik
## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as in westric in 1408. A contracted compound of wester- (“western, west-”) +‎ wijk (“farmstead, village, settlement”). Compare Middelijk, Noordijk, Oostenrijk, Schadijk, De Zoeke, Zoeke and Zuuk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɛst.rɪk/
* Hyphenation: West‧rik

### Proper noun

Westrik n
* A hamlet in Breda, North Brabant, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN