# 吼

| 吼 | U+543C, &#21564; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-543C |
| ← 吻 [U+543B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 吽 → [U+543D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

吼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口弓木山 (RNDU), four-corner 6201$_0$, composition ⿰口孔)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 180, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3377
* Dae Jaweon: page 397, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 596, character 7
* Unihan data for U+543C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 吼
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 吼 | *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs |
| 孔 | *kʰloːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hǒu (hou$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hou$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ху (hu, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hau$^3$ / haau$^1$ / hau$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vau$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): heu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hô / ho / heu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gêu$^4$ / kêu$^4$ / hau$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hou$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): ě
* Eastern Min (BUC): hāu / hēu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): háu / hó͘ / hió
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hao$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$heu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǒu
*** Wade–Giles: hou$^3$
*** Yale: hǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoou
*** Palladius: хоу (xou)
*** Sinological IPA : /xoʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hou$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xou
*** Sinological IPA : /xəu⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ху (hu, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /xou⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hau$^3$ / haau$^1$ / hau$^2$
*** Yale: hau / hāau / háu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hau$^3$ / haau$^1$ / hau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heo$^3$ / hao$^1$ / heo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐu̯³³/, /haːu̯⁵⁵/, /hɐu̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /vau⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: heu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛu²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hô / ho / heu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ho$^ˊ$ / ho / heu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ho$^1$ / ho$^4$ / heu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ho²⁴/, /ho⁵⁵/, /heu̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gêu$^4$ / kêu$^4$ / hau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /keu⁵³/, /kʰeu⁵³/, /hau⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəu⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě
*** Sinological IPA : /e²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hāu / hēu
*** Sinological IPA : /hau³³/, /hɛu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: háu
*** Tâi-lô: háu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hao
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hau⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘
*** Tâi-lô: hóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hor
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hió
*** Tâi-lô: hió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hioir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hio⁵⁵⁴/
* háu - vernacular;
* hó͘/hió - literary.
* Middle Chinese: xuwX, xuwH
Rime :
| Character | 吼 | 吼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼后切 | 呼漏切 |
| Baxter | xuwX | xuwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /həu$^X$/ | /həu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /həu$^X$/ | /həu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xəu$^X$/ | /xəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həw$^X$/ | /həw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xu$^X$/ | /xu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xəu$^X$/ | /xəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xə̯u$^X$/ | /xə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hǒu | hòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^2$ | hau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰloːʔ/, /*qʰloːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 吼 | 吼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7487 | 7488 |
| Phonetic component | 孔 | 孔 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 吼 | 蔻 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰloːʔ/ | /*qʰloːs/ |

#### Definitions

吼
* (of a large animal) to roar
* (of people) to shout
* (of inanimate objects such as cars) to squeal
* (Hokkien, Puxian Min) to cry; to sob; to weep
* a surname, Hou

##### Synonyms

* (to cry):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 泣, 哭 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 哭, 哭泣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 哭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 哭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 哭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 哭, 哭鼻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 哭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 哭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 哭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 叫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 哭, 喊 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 哭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 哭, 叫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 啼 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 哭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 叫, 叫眵, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 叫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 哭 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 叫 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 哭 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 叫 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 叫 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 叫 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 叫 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 唩 |
| Hakka | Changting | 唩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 唩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 唩 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 唩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 叫 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 唩 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 叫 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 唩 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 叫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唩, 唩眵 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唩 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 叫 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 叫, 喊 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 叫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 叫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 嚎 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 哭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 哭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 啼, 啼嘛 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 啼, 哭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 啼, 啼嘛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 啼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 啼 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 啼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 哭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 吼 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 吼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 哭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 哭 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 叫 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 叫 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 叫 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 叫 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 叫 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 叫 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 叫 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 叫 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 叫 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 叫 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 叫 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 叫 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 叫 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 啼 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 啼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 哭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 哭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 哭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 哭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 哭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 哭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 哭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 哭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 哭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 哭 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 哭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 哭 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 哭 |

#### Compounds

* 一牛吼地
* 厲吼 / 厉吼
* 叫吼
* 吼叫 (hǒujiào)
* 吼怒 (hǒunù)
* 吼猴 (hǒuhóu)
* 吼猿
* 吼聲 / 吼声 (hǒushēng)
* 吼鶴 / 吼鹤
* 哮吼 (xiàohǒu)
* 嘶吼
* 大吼
* 怒吼 (nùhǒu)
* 急吼吼
* 戇吼吼 / 戆吼吼
* 河東獅吼 / 河东狮吼 (hédōng-shīhǒu)
* 浪吼風號 / 浪吼风号
* 獅子吼 / 狮子吼 (shīzihǒu)
* 龜吼 / 龟吼 (Guīhǒu)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): lung$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lung$^1$
*** Yale: lūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

吼
* (Hong Kong, construction, informal) Alternative form of 窿

#### References

* 「地盤佬」術語全攻略 幫您更快適應地盤工作

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* howl, roar, cry, bark

#### Compounds

* 吼(ほ)える (hoeru): howl, bark
* 咆(ほう)吼(こう) (hōkō): a howl, a roar (alternative to 咆哮)
* 獅(し)子(し)吼(く) (shishiku): lion's roar
* 吼(ほ)え声(ごえ) (hoegoe): a bark, a howl

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)、く (ku)
* Kun: ほえる (hoeru, 吼える)

#### Derived terms

* 吼(ほ)える (hoeru)

## Korean
### Hanja

吼 (eum 후 (hu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

吼: Hán Nôm readings: hống, hổng, khỏng, rống
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.