# mistress
## English
### Alternative forms

* mistris (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English maistresse, from Old French maistresse (whence French maîtresse), feminine of maistre (“master”). By surface analysis, mist(e)r +‎ -ess.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: mĭsʹtrĭs, IPA: /ˈmɪstɹɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

mistress (plural mistresses)
* A woman, specifically one with great control, authority or ownership.
    Synonyms: (applicable to either sex) boss, (applicable to either sex) head, (applicable to either sex) leader
    male equivalent: master
** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIX, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:At the far end of the houses the head gardener stood waiting for his mistress, and he gave her strips of bass to tie up her nosegay. This she did slowly and laboriously, with knuckly old fingers that shook.
    She was the mistress of the estate-mansion, and owned the horses.
* A female teacher.
    Synonym: schoolmarm
    male equivalent: master
    games mistress
* The other woman in an extramarital relationship, generally including sexual relations.
    Synonyms: (applicable to either sex) bit on the side, fancy woman, comaré, goomah; see also Thesaurus:mistress
    Antonyms: cicisbeo, fancy man
* A dominatrix.
    male equivalent: master
** 2006, Amelia May Kingston, The Triumph of Hope, page 376:As part of BDSM play they can enhance the domineering tread of a mistress or hobble the steps of a slave.
* A woman well skilled in anything, or having the mastery over it.
** 1711 June 26 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “FRIDAY, June 15, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 92; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:A letter desires all young wives to make themselves mistresses of Wingate's Arithmetic.The spelling has been modernized.
* a woman regarded with love and devotion; a sweetheart.
** 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:he could not forbear putting his horse out of the way , and rode with his mistress behind him round about it
* (Scotland) A married woman; a wife.
** 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:Several of the neighbouring mistresses […] had assembled to witness the event of this memorable evening.
* (obsolete) The jack in the game of bowls.
** c. 1613, Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, “Wit at Several Weapons. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):Faith, keep a bachelor still, and go to bowls, sir, Follow your mistress there, and prick and save, sir; For other mistresses will make you a slave, sir
** 2001, Paul Hemenway Altrocchi, Most Greatly Lived:She took a bowl, drew up her skirt with her left hand, and rolled the weighted ball with a deft motion. It lightly kissed the mistress and stopped a few inches away.
* A female companion to a master (a man with control, authority or ownership).
* female equivalent of master
* female equivalent of mister

#### Usage notes

In the extramarital sense, mistress is often narrowly taken to mean a woman involved in a committed extramarital relationship (an affair), often supported financially (a kept woman). It can also be taken to mean broadly a woman involved in an extramarital relationship regardless of the level of commitment, but requires more than a single act of adultery.

#### Derived terms

* ballet mistress
* bandmistress
* beastmistress
* blogmistress
* choirmistress
* concertmistress
* cruel mistress
* dockmistress
* grandmistress
* guildmistress
* harbormistress
* headmistress
* herbmistress
* housemistress
* Jill of all trades, mistress of none
* jobmistress
* loremistress
* mistressdom
* mistresshood
* mistressless
* mistressly
* mistressmind
* mistress of ceremonies
* mistress of the robes
* mistresspiece
* Mistress Santa Claus
* mistressship
* mistressy
* Mrs, Mrs., Miss, miss, Ms, Ms.
* past mistress
* paymistress
* postmistress
* quartermistress
* quizmistress
* ringmistress
* runemistress
* schoolmistress
* scoutmistress
* shipmistress
* slavemistress
* spellmistress
* spymistress
* stationmistress
* subpostmistress
* surmistress
* swordmistress
* taskmistress
* toastmistress
* wagonmistress
* wardrobe mistress
* webmistress
* whoremistress
* workmistress

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: ミストレス (misutoresu)

#### Translations

Albanian: zonjë (sq)
Arabic: سَيِّدَة f (sayyida)
Belarusian: спада́рка f (spadárka), гаспады́ня f (haspadýnja)
Bulgarian: госпо́дарка (bg) f (gospódarka)
Catalan: mestressa (ca) f
Danish: frue (da) f, herskerinde f
Dutch: mevrouw (nl) f, meesteres (nl) f
Egyptian: (ḥnwt f)
Esperanto: mastrino, sinjorino (eo)
Finnish: rouva (fi)
French: maîtresse (fr) f
Galician: ama (gl) f, señora (gl) f, misía f, miona f, madama f
German: Frau (de) f, Meisterin (de) f, Herrscherin (de) f
Greek: κυρία (el) f (kyría)
Ancient: δέσποινα f (déspoina)
Hebrew: גבירה f (gvirá)
Hungarian: úrnő (hu)
Irish: máistreás f
Italian: signora (it) f, padrona (it) f
Kazakh: ханым (xanym)
Latin: domina (la) f
Macedonian: госпо́дарка f (gospódarka), газда́рица f (gazdárica), сто́панка f (stópanka)
Malay: please add this translation if you can
Norman: maitrêsse f
Norwegian:
Bokmål: frue (no) m or f
Nynorsk: frue f
Old English: hlǣfdīġe f
Ottoman Turkish: قادین (kadın), سیده (seyyide)
Persian: بانو (fa) (bânu), شهبانو (fa) (šahbânu)
Polish: pani (pl) f
Portuguese: senhora (pt) f
Romani: rani f
Russian: госпожа́ (ru) f (gospožá), хозя́йка (ru) f (xozjájka)
Scottish Gaelic: bana-mhaighstir (gd) f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: га̏здарица f, господа̀рица f
Roman: gȁzdarica (sh) f, gospodàrica (sh) f
Sicilian: donna (scn) f, gna (scn) f, signura (scn) f, patruna f
Spanish: dueña (es) f
Swedish: härskarinna (sv) c
Thai: คุณนาย (th) (kun-naai), นายหญิง, นาง (th) (naang)
Ukrainian: господи́ня f (hospodýnja), хазя́йка f (xazjájka) :

### Verb

mistress (third-person singular simple present mistresses, present participle mistressing, simple past and past participle mistressed)
* (transitive, rare) Of a woman: to master; to learn or develop to a high degree of proficiency.
** 2013, Andrea Khalil, North African Cinema in a Global Context: Through the Lens of Diaspora:These films give a glimpse of women on the way to mistressing their own destiny.
* (intransitive) To act or take the role of a mistress.
** 1905, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, Maid Margaret of Galloway:[…] housewifery, maternity, charity, the life conventual, the chatter of a court, the mistressing of a great house […]

### See also

* (titles) (of a man): Mr (Mister, mister), Sir (sir); (of a woman): Ms (Miz, mizz), Mrs (Mistress, mistress), Miss (miss), Dame (dame), Madam (madam, ma'am); (of a non-binary person): Mx (Mixter); (see also): Dr (Doctor, doctor)

### References

* ↑ Tiger Woods Does Not Have 11 “Mistresses”: His many paramours aren’t committed enough to merit that term. by Jesse Sheidlower, Slate.com, Dec. 10, 2009.