# 呻

| 呻 | U+547B, &#21627; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-547B |
| ← 呺 [U+547A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 呼 → [U+547C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

呻 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口中田中 (RLWL), four-corner 6500$_6$, composition ⿰口申)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3470
* Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 600, character 3
* Unihan data for U+547B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 呻
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 電 | *l'iːns |
| 胂 | *l̥ʰin, *hlin |
| 申 | *hlin |
| 伸 | *hlin |
| 呻 | *hlin |
| 紳 | *hlin |
| 眒 | *hlin, *hlins |
| 柛 | *hlin |
| 訷 | *hlin |
| 抻 | *hlins |
| 神 | *hlin |
| 朄 | *lins |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēn (shen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^1$ / ceng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin / chhan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shen
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$
*** Yale: shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$
*** Yale: sān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cheng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵³³/
* sing1 - literary;
* ceng1 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: syin
Rime :
| Character | 呻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 失人切 |
| Baxter | syin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕin/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hlin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 呻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syin › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥i[n]/ |
| English | chant, drone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 呻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11237 |
| Phonetic component | 申 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 申 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlin/ |

#### Definitions

呻
* to chant; to recite
* to groan; to moan

#### Compounds

* 呻吟 (shēnyín)
* 呻呼
* 呻喚 / 呻唤
* 呻嘶
* 呻嚬 / 呻𫫾
* 呻恫
* 呻楚
* 呻畢 / 呻毕
* 呻顰 / 呻颦
* 呻鳴 / 呻鸣
* 唫呻
* 唱呻
* 嚬呻 / 𫫾呻
* 悲呻
* 無故呻吟 / 无故呻吟
* 無病呻吟 / 无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)
* 酸呻
* 頻呻 / 频呻
* 顰呻 / 颦呻

### Pronunciation 2

* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): san$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^3$
*** Yale: san
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn³³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: san$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sən⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呻
* (Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua) to complain; to express discontent
       ngo$^5$ dou$^1$ hai$^6$ san$^3$ haa$^5$ ze$^1$, m$^4$ hai$^6$ gam$^2$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ bei$^2$ aa$^5$? [Jyutping]
       I'm just complaining a little bit. Even that's not allowed now?
* (Nanning Pinghua) to sigh (with regret); to heave a sigh; to let out a sigh

#### Compounds

* 呻氣 / 呻气
* 呻窮 / 呻穷
* 呻笨
* 呻飢莫呻飽 / 呻饥莫呻饱

### References

* “呻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “呻”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 208.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: うなる (unaru, 呻る)、うめく (umeku, 呻く)

## Korean
### Hanja

呻 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

呻: Hán Nôm readings: thân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.