# violence
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English violence, from Old French violence, from Latin violentia, from adjective violentus, see violent. Displaced native Old English stræc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/
* (obsolete or poetic) IPA: /ˈvaɪ(ə)ˌlɛns/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪələns, -aɪləns

### Noun

violence (countable and uncountable, plural violences)
* Extreme force.
    The violence of the storm, fortunately, was more awesome than destructive.
** 1570, Thomas Naogeorgus, translated by Barnabe Googe, The Popish Kingdome:Some others get a rotten wheele, all worne and cast aside, Which covered round about with strawe, and tow, they closely hide: And caryed to some mountaines top, being all with fire light, They hurle it down with violence, when darke appeares the night
* Physical action which causes destruction, harm, pain, or suffering.
    We try to avoid violence in resolving conflicts.
** 2003, Diana Abu-Jaber, Arabian Jazz, page 329:There is nothing unique or magical about the Middle East; it shares xenophobias and violences with all the rest of the world!
** 2013 July 19, Mark Tran, “Denied an education by war”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 1:One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of conflict on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools […] as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.
* Widespread fighting.
    Violence between the government and the rebels continues.
* (figuratively) Injustice, wrong.
    The translation does violence to the original novel.
** 2017, Kevin J. O'Brien, The Violence of Climate Change:Racism, classism, sexism, ethnocentrism, and heterosexism are also wicked problems of structural violence […]

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “action intended to cause destruction, pain or suffering”): peace, nonviolence

#### Hypernyms

* (extreme force): force

#### Derived terms

* choose violence
* do violence to
* I choose violence
* intimate partner violence
* male-pattern violence
* male pattern violence
* non-violence
* police violence
* pornoviolence
* self-violence
* sexual violence
* silence is violence
* spiritual violence
* ultraviolence
* violence-ridden

#### Related terms

* violent
* violate
* violation

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* domestic violence
* reverse domestic violence

### Verb

violence (third-person singular simple present violences, present participle violencing, simple past and past participle violenced)
* (nonstandard) To subject to violence.
** 1996, Professor Cathy Nutbrown, Respectful Educators - Capable Learners: Children's Rights and Early Education, SAGE, →ISBN, page 36:The key general point is that the idea of the agendered, asexual, aviolenced worker is a fiction; workers and organizational members do not exist in social abstraction; they are gendered, sexualed and violenced, partly by their position ...
** 2011, Timothy D. Forsyth, The Alien, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 24:And the triad is made complete by she who is violenced by him.
** 2012, Megan Sweeney, The Story Within Us: Women Prisoners Reflect on Reading, University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 46:He physically violenced my mother, physically violenced me and my brothers, and was sexually abusive to me until I was in second grade.

### References

* “violence”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* violence in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* "violence" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 329.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “violence”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French violence, from Latin violentia, from the adjective violentus, see violent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vjɔ.lɑ̃s/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Homophone: violences

### Noun

violence f (plural violences)
* (uncountable) violence
* (countable) act of violence

#### Synonyms

* ardeur
* brutalité
* force
* fougue
* fureur
* sévices
* virulence

#### Antonyms

* douceur

#### Derived terms

* faire violence
* plus fait douceur que violence
* violence conjugale

#### Related terms

* violemment
* violent
* violenter

### Further reading

* “violence”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* violens, vyolence, vyolens, vyalens, wiolence, violense

### Etymology

From Old French violence, from Latin violentia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌviːɔlˈɛns(ə)/, /ˌviːəlˈɛns(ə)/, /viəlˈɛns(ə)/, /ˈviːəlɛns(ə)/

### Noun

violence (uncountable)
* Violence (harmful manual force) or an example of it.
* A harmful force of nature; great natural force.
* Divine or religious force or strength.
* The force or power of one's feelings or mental state.
* Powerful or forceful movement or mobility.
* Misrule or malgovernance; abuse of authority.
* (rare) Beneficial manual force.
* (rare) The strength of an ache.
* (rare) The whims of chance.

#### Descendants

* English: violence

#### References

* “vī̆olence, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-05-30.

## Old French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin violentia.

### Noun

violence oblique singular, f (oblique plural violences, nominative singular violence, nominative plural violences)
* violence
* act of violence

#### Descendants

* → Middle English: violence, violens, vyolence, vyolens, vyalens, wiolence, violense
** English: violence
* Franc-Comtois: vyoleince
* French: violence