# 粞

| 粞 | U+7C9E, &#31902; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C9E |
| ← 粝 [U+7C9D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 粟 → [U+7C9F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

粞 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火木一金田 (FDMCW), four-corner 9196$_3$, composition ⿰米西)

#### Derived characters

* 𥴅, 𪟱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 908, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26921
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3147, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7C9E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 粞 | *sɯːl, *sɯːl |
| 洒 | *sraːls, *sɯːlʔ |
| 西 | *sɯːl |
| 卤 | *sɯːl |
| 卥 | *sɯːl |
| 栖 | *sɯːl, *sɯːls |
| 茜 | *sʰɯːns |
| 哂 | *hjɯnʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī, sāi (xi$^1$, sai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄙㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cha̿i
* Eastern Min (BUC): chá̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se$^1$ / coe$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhòe / chhè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): coi$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): coi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sai
*** Wade–Giles: sai$^1$
*** Yale: sāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sai
*** Palladius: сай (saj)
*** Sinological IPA : /saɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^1$
*** Yale: sāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cha̿i
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chá̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: se$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sa̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬe⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: coe$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰø⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòe
*** Tâi-lô: tshuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoex
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰue¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhè
*** Tâi-lô: tshè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: coi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshòi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoi²¹³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: coi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔi²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sej, soj
Rime :
| Character | 粞 | 粞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 先稽切 | 蘇來切 |
| Baxter | sej | soj |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sei/ | /sʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sei/ | /səi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛi/ | /sɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛj/ | /səj/ |
| Li Rong | /sei/ | /sᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /siei/ | /sɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siei/ | /sɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī | sāi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^1$ | soi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 粞 | 粞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13234 | 13240 |
| Phonetic component | 西 | 西 |
| Rime group | 微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鰓 | 西 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɯːl/ | /*sɯːl/ |

### Definitions

粞
* (literary) crushed rice; broken rice
* (dialectal) rice husk
* (Min) rice flour; rice dough (made from grinding glutinous rice and with water squeezed out, used to make rice delicacies)

#### Synonyms

* (rice dough): (Hokkien) 米粞, 粿粞

### Compounds

* 圓仔粞 / 圆仔粞
* 大米粞
* 白粞粞
* 米粞
* 粞粞白
* 粿粞
* 糍粞
* 糠粞
* 肚裡無粞 / 肚里无粞
* 雨粞
* 麥粞 / 麦粞
* 麥粞包 / 麦粞包

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “粞”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 251.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せい (sei)、さい (sai)
* Kun: こごめ (kogome)