# sturdy
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.
Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstɜːdi/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈstɜrdi/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)di

### Adjective

sturdy (comparative sturdier, superlative sturdiest)
* Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
    a sturdy oak tree
** 1657, Henry Wotton, Characters of some Kings of England:He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.
* Solid in structure or person.
    It was a sturdy building, able to withstand strong winds and cold weather.
    The dog was sturdy and could work all day without getting tired.
** April 5 2022, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair‎:Diana’s most recent romantic adventure at that time was with the sturdy hunk Will Carling, captain of the England rugby team, whom she had met in 1995 working out at the Chelsea Harbor Club gym.adapted from the book The Palace Papers, published 2022 by Penguin Books
* (obsolete) Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn.
** 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 2:This must be done, and I would fain see / Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay.
** 1705 November 8 (Gregorian calendar), Francis Atterbury, “A Standing Revelation, the Best Means of Conviction. A Sermon Preach’d before Her Majesty, at St. James’s Chapel, on Sunday, October 28. 1705, being the Festival of St. Simon and St. Jude.”, in Fourteen Sermons Preach’d on Several Occasions. […], London: […] E. P. [Edmund Parker?] for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1708, →OCLC, page 339:[A] ſturdy, hardned Sinner ſhall advance to the utmoſt pitch of Impiety with leſs difficulty, leſs reluctance of Mind, than perhaps he took the firſt ſteps in Wickedneſs, whilſt his Conſcience was yet Vigilant and Tender.
* Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality.
    a man of sturdy piety or patriotism

#### Synonyms

* hardy

#### Derived terms

* get sturdy
* sturdily
* sturdiness
* sturdy beggar

#### Translations
### Noun

sturdy (uncountable)
* A disease caused by a coenurus infestation in the brain of an animal, especially a sheep or canid; coenurosis.
    Synonyms: gid, (obsolete) turnsick

#### Derived terms

* sturdied

#### Translations
### References

* 1 2 Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “sturdy”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ OED
* “sturdy”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* stordy, stourdy

### Etymology

From Old French estourdi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsturdiː/

### Adjective

sturdy
* bold, valiant; strong in fight, mighty; bellicose

#### Descendants

* English: sturdy
* Yola: sturdy

#### References

* “sturdī, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English sturdy, from Old French estourdi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstʊrdiː/

### Adjective

sturdy
* sturdy
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86