# dearg
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish derg, from Proto-Celtic *dergos (“red, crimson”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”); compare Old English deorc (“dark”) and Tocharian A tärkär/B tarkär (“cloud”).
The verb is from Middle Irish dergaid, from the adjective.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈdʲaɾˠək/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /ˈdʲæɾˠəɡ/, [ˈdʲæːɾˠəɡ]

### Adjective

dearg (genitive singular masculine deirg, genitive singular feminine deirge, plural dearga, comparative deirge)
* red
* live (being in a state of ignition; burning)
* extreme, tremendous, utter
    dithneas dearg ― a tearing hurry

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Synonyms

* rua
* (being in a state of ignition; burning): beo

#### Derived terms

* aibhleog dhearg (“ember”)
* broinndearg (“redbreast”)
* cailín dearg (“tongue”)
* deargach (“red, communist”)
* dearglach (“red glow”)
* deargmhaidin (“early morning”)
* dearg­náire (“utter shame”)
* scothdhearg (“reddish”)

### Verb

dearg (present analytic deargann, future analytic deargfaidh, verbal noun deargadh, past participle deargtha)
* (transitive) to redden
* (transitive) to light (cigarette, pipe, etc.)

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | deargadh | deargadh | deargadh | deargadh | deargadh | deargadh | deargadh | deargadh |
| past participle | deargtha | deargtha | deargtha | deargtha | deargtha | deargtha | deargtha | deargtha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | deargaim | deargann tú; deargair$^†$ | deargann sé, sí | deargaimid | deargann sibh | deargann siad; deargaid$^†$ | a dheargann; a dheargas / a ndeargann* | deargtar |
| past | dhearg mé; dheargas | dhearg tú; dheargais | dhearg sé, sí | dheargamar; dhearg muid | dhearg sibh; dheargabhair | dhearg siad; dheargadar | a dhearg / ar dhearg* | deargadh |
| past habitual | dheargainn / ndeargainn‡‡ | dheargtá / ndeargtá‡‡ | dheargadh sé, sí / ndeargadh sé, sí‡‡ | dheargaimis; dheargadh muid / ndeargaimis‡‡; ndeargadh muid‡‡ | dheargadh sibh / ndeargadh sibh‡‡ | dheargaidís; dheargadh siad / ndeargaidís‡‡; ndeargadh siad‡‡ | a dheargadh / a ndeargadh* | dheargtaí / ndeargtaí‡‡ |
| future | deargfaidh mé; deargfad | deargfaidh tú; deargfair$^†$ | deargfaidh sé, sí | deargfaimid; deargfaidh muid | deargfaidh sibh | deargfaidh siad; deargfaid$^†$ | a dheargfaidh; a dheargfas / a ndeargfaidh* | deargfar |
| conditional | dheargfainn / ndeargfainn‡‡ | dheargfá / ndeargfá‡‡ | dheargfadh sé, sí / ndeargfadh sé, sí‡‡ | dheargfaimis; dheargfadh muid / ndeargfaimis‡‡; ndeargfadh muid‡‡ | dheargfadh sibh / ndeargfadh sibh‡‡ | dheargfaidís; dheargfadh siad / ndeargfaidís‡‡; ndeargfadh siad‡‡ | a dheargfadh / a ndeargfadh* | dheargfaí / ndeargfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go ndearga mé; go ndeargad$^†$ | go ndearga tú; go ndeargair$^†$ | go ndearga sé, sí | go ndeargaimid; go ndearga muid | go ndearga sibh | go ndearga siad; go ndeargaid$^†$ | — | go ndeargtar |
| past | dá ndeargainn | dá ndeargtá | dá ndeargadh sé, sí | dá ndeargaimis; dá ndeargadh muid | dá ndeargadh sibh | dá ndeargaidís; dá ndeargadh siad | — | dá ndeargtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | deargaim | dearg | deargadh sé, sí | deargaimis | deargaigí; deargaidh$^†$ | deargaidís | — | deargtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Alternative forms

* deargaigh

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

Colors in Irish · dathanna (layout · text) :
| bán | liath | dubh |
| dearg; corcairdhearg | oráiste, flannbhuí; donn | buí; bánbhuí |
| líoma-ghlas, glas líoma | glas, uaine | dath an mhiontais |
| cian | gormghlas, spéirghorm | gorm |
| corcairghorm; indeagó | maigeanta; corcra | bándearg |

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “derg”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dergaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 83, page 44
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 54
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 75
* ↑ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975) The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, revised edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 224, page 42

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “dearg”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 231
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “deargaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 231
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dearg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “dearg”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “dearg”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish derg, from Proto-Celtic *dergos (“red, crimson”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”); compare Old English deorc (“dark”) and Tocharian A tärkär/B tarkär (“cloud”).

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /ˈd̥ʲaɾak/
* (Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈd̥ʒɛɾak/
* (Skye) IPA: /ˈd̥ʒɛɾɛk/
* (Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈd̥ʲɛɾɛk/

### Noun

dearg m (genitive singular deirg)
* red

### Adjective

dearg (genitive singular masculine deirg, genitive singular feminine deirge, nominative plural dearga, comparative deirge)
* red
* reddish (forming compounds with other colours)
* complete, utter (as intensifier)

#### Derived terms

* brù-dhearg (“robin redbreast”)
* deocan-dearga (“red clover”)
* fiabhras-dearg (“scarlet fever”)
* fo-dhearg (“infrared”)

#### See also

Colors in Scottish Gaelic · dathan (layout · text) :
| bàn, geal | glas | dubh |
| dearg; ruadh | orains; donn | buidhe; donn |
| uaine | uaine | gorm |
| liath; glas | liath | gorm |
| purpaidh; guirmean | pinc; purpaidh | pinc |

### Adverb

dearg
* completely, utterly

### Verb

dearg (past dhearg, future deargaidh, verbal noun deargadh)
* redden
* blush
* make an impression
* (Benbecula, South Uist) be able to

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “derg”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. II: The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “dearg”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN