# tuan
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Wathaurong duwan.

#### Noun

tuan (plural tuans)
* A brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa), endemic to Australia.

##### Synonyms

* common wambenger, black-tailed phascogale

#### References

* tuan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Phascogale tapoatafa on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Phascogale tapoatafa on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Etymology 2

From Malay tuan.

#### Noun

tuan (plural tuans)
* (obsolete, South Asia) Lord; master.
** 1975, Xavier Herbert, Poor Fellow My Country, Sydney: Collins Publishers, published 1988, page 129:"It gives you the Tuan touch. You learn to clap your hands to summon your coloured servants, instead of yelling...to drink stengahs, instead of plain whisky, to speak of lunch as tiffin...God help us!" He chuckled deeply.

#### References

* Henry Yule, A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903) “tuan”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […].

### Anagrams

* -naut, Tuna, aunt, naut., tuna

## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* doa (West Central Bavarian)

### Etymology

From Middle High German tuon, from Old High German tuon, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁t. Cognates include German tun, Dutch doen and Luxembourgish doen.

### Pronunciation

* (Vienna) IPA: /ˈd̥uɐ̯n/
* Hyphenation: tuan

### Verb

tuan (past participle tån) (East Central Bavarian)
* to do
** 2014, “Schau ma mal [Let's just see]”, performed by Wiener Blond:Weil vom zu vü tuan, krieg'ma ja ollaweil nua an Zurn.Because from doing too much, we'll only get angry.
** 2015, “Wien wort auf di [Vienna waits for you]”, performed by Granada:Hast so vü z'tuan, aber net genug Zeit dafür.You have so much to do, but not enough time for it.

#### Conjugation
### References

* Maria Hornung, Sigmar Grüner (2002) “duan”, in Wörterbuch der Wiener Mundart, 2nd edition, ÖBV & HPT
* Petr Šubrt (2010) Wiener dialekt (master thesis), Masaryk University, page 89

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay tuan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (“deity”). Doublet of tuhan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtuan]
* Hyphenation: tu‧an

### Noun

tuan (plural)
* master, lord.
** someone who has control over something or someone.
    Antonyms: hamba, abdi, budak
** someone who employs others.
    Synonyms: kepala, majikan, pemilik
* mister (title of adult male)

### Pronoun

tuan
* (formal) second person personal pronoun

### Affixed terms

* bertuan
* bertuankan
* dipertuan
* ketuan-tuanan
* mempertuan
* mempertuankan
* menuani
* menuankan
* pertuanan
* tuan-tuan

### Compounds

* tuan besar
* tuan hamba
* tuan kebun
* tuan tamu
* tuan tanah
* tuan toko

### Further reading

* “tuan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (“deity”). Doublet of tuhan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuan/
* (glide-sporadic) IPA: [tu.wan]
* Rhymes: -uan, -wan, -an

### Noun

tuan (Jawi spelling توان, plural tuan-tuan, informal 1st possessive tuanku, 2nd possessive tuanmu, 3rd possessive tuannya)
* Prince, Princess (title for royal family in kelantan and pattani)
* master, lord
* mister (title of adult male)
    Synonym: encik

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* ketuanan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* pertuan [causative passive] (peR-)
* bertuan [stative / habitual] (beR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tuan
* → Hokkien: 緞 / 缎 (toān, “master, mister”)
* →? Tagalog: tuwan (obsolete)
* → Tausug: tuwan

### References

* "tuan" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “tuan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* ↑ Salmon Claudine. Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges. In: Archipel, volume 78, 2009. pp. 181-208

## Mandarin
### Romanization

tuan
* Nonstandard spelling of tuān.
* Nonstandard spelling of tuán.
* Nonstandard spelling of tuǎn.
* Nonstandard spelling of tuàn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Tetum
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, compare Malay tua.

### Adjective

tuan
* old (of inanimate objects)