# صبر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.ba.ra/
* IPA: /sˤab.ba.ra/
* IPA: /sˤabr/
* IPA: /sˤa.bar/

#### Verb

صَبَرَ • (ṣabara) I (non-past يَصْبِرُ (yaṣbiru), verbal noun صَبْر (ṣabr))
* to be patient, to have patience
* to bind, to tie, to fetter, to shackle
* to persevere, to endure
* to refrain, to abstain, to renounce

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

صَبَّرَ • (ṣabbara) II (non-past يُصَبِّرُ (yuṣabbiru), verbal noun تَصْبِير (taṣbīr))
* to ask to be patient, to admonish to be patient
* to console, to comfort
* to conserve
* to preserve, to can

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

صَبْر • (ṣabr) m
* verbal noun of صَبَرَ (ṣabara) (form I)
* fettering, shackling
* patience, forbearance
    الصَّبْرُ مِفْتَاحُ ٱلْفَرَجِ (saying)aṣ-ṣabru miftāḥu l-farajiPatience is the key to deliverance.
* composure, self-control
* equanimity, steadfastness
* perseverance, endurance, hardiness

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: սաբր (sabr)
* → Azerbaijani: səbir
* → Bashkir: сабыр (sabır, “patience”)
* → Bengali: সবর (śobor)
* → Bashkir: сабыр (sabır, “patience”)
* Kurdish:
    → Central Kurdish: سەبر (sebir)
    → Northern Kurdish: sebir
* → Malay: sabar
** Indonesian: sabar
* → Northern Luri: سۋر
* → Ottoman Turkish: صبر
** Turkish: sabır
** →⇒ Laz: ისაპრამს (isap̌rams, “to be patient”), ისარბამს (isarbams) — Atina
* → Persian: صبر
* → Rohingya: sobór
* → Swahili: subira
* → Turkmen: sabyr
* → Uyghur: سەۋر (sewr)
* → Uzbek: sabr

#### Noun

صَبَر • (ṣabar) m (collective, singulative صَبَرَة f (ṣabara), plural أَصْبَار (ʔaṣbār))
* (collective) ice

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic, found in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic צברה and Classical Syriac ܨܒܪܐ (ṣabrā, ṣabbārā), ܨܘܪܐ (ṣawrā), from Akkadian [script needed] (ṣibaru, ṣiburu, “a pointed gardening instrument; a fleshy excrescence; a plant in medical texts a medication for gall-bladder disease, apparently aloe comparable to the garden-tool by its lanceolate leaves”). For relevant vocalization variants, against the standard Arabic صَبِر (ṣabir, “aloe”) and صَبْر (ṣabr, “aloe”), the Andalusi dialect, which has been reckoned the most conservative of the Middle Arabic ones, used صِبْر (ṣibr) and صِبَر (ṣibar), and صَبَّار (ṣabbār), صُبَّار (ṣubbār, “cactus; nonstandardly and also Andalusi aloe”) is extended from this word.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.bir/

#### Noun

صَبِر or صَبْر • (ṣabir or ṣabr) m
* aloe
    Synonyms: أَلْوَة (ʔalwa), مَقْر (maqr)
* (Classical Arabic) bitterness; juice of any bitter plant, aloe, myrrh
    Synonym: مَقْر (maqr)

##### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: սապռ (sapṙ), սապր (sapr)
** Armenian: սապռ (sapṙ), սապր (sapr, “bitter substance spread on nipples to wean off babies”) (dialectal)
* → Catalan: sèver, acèver
* → Ottoman Turkish: صبر (sabır)
** Turkish: sabır
* → Persian: صبر (saber)
* → Portuguese: azebre, azevre, azever, azevar, acevar, acêvar, acêver
* → Punjabi: ਸਬਰ (sabar)
* → Spanish: acíbar

### Etymology 3

Denominal verb of صَابُورَة (ṣābūra, “ballast”).

#### Verb

صَبَّرَ • (ṣabbara) II (non-past يُصَبِّرُ (yuṣabbiru), verbal noun تَصْبِير (taṣbīr))
* (nautical) to ballast

##### Conjugation
### References

* “ṣbr$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “صبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 476–477
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صبر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 1305–1306
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صبر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “صبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 693–694

## Bulgar
### Proper noun

صبر (Sabar)
* Sabir

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası‎, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 86

## Malay
### Adjective

صبر
* Jawi spelling of sabar‎

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صبر.

### Verb

صبر • (ṣabbar) II (non-past يصبّر (yṣabber))
* to embalm (a corpse)
* to stuff (an animal)
* to turn into ice, to freeze
* to become numb from the cold

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَبْر (ṣabr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [saβɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säbɾ], [sä.bǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säbɾ], [sä.bǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säbɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säbɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæbɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säbɾ]

### Noun

صبر • (sabr)
* patience, tolerating, endurance
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 348”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:دیده دریا کنم و صبر به صحرا فکنم واندر این کار دل خویش به دریا فکنمdīda daryā kunam u sabr ba sahrā fikanam w-andar īn kār dil-i xwēš ba daryā fikanamI make my eyes an ocean, and throw patience to the desert; And while doing this, I throw my heart into the ocean.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Related terms

* صبر کردن (sabr kardan)
* صبور (sabur)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “صبر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صبر (sabr), from Arabic صَبْر (ṣabr). Compare Urdu صبر.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsə.bəɾ/, [ˈsɐ.bəɾə̆]
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Noun

صَبر • (sabăr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਬਰ)
* patience, forbearance
    Synonym: حوصلہ (ḥauṉṣlā)
* tolerance
* contentment

### References

* “صبر”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* “ਸਬਰ”, in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Dictionary, SriGranth.org, 2025

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic صَبَرَ (ṣabara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.bar/, [ˈsˤɑ.bɑrˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

صبر • (ṣabar) I (present بصبر (boṣbor))
* to be patient

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic صَبْر (ṣabr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤabr/, [ˈsˤɑ.b(ɪ)rˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

صبر • (ṣabr) m
* patience

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صبر (sabr), from Arabic صَبْر (ṣabr). Compare Bengali সবর (śobor).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səbɾ/
* (colloquial) IPA: /sə.bəɾ/
* Rhymes: -əbɾ, -əɾ

### Noun

صبر • (sabr) m (Hindi spelling सब्र)
* patience
* tolerance

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu صبر (sabar).

### Noun

صبر (sabar)
* patience
* tolerance
* satisfaction