# 童

| 童 | U+7AE5, &#31461; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AE5 |
| ← 竤 [U+7AE4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竦 → [U+7AE6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

童 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿田土 (YTWG), four-corner 0010$_4$, composition ⿱立里)

#### Derived characters

* 僮, 墥, 幢, 憧, 撞, 獞, 潼, 曈, 膧, 橦, 犝, 疃, 瞳, 穜, 𧘂, 䡴, 鐘(钟), 艟, 氃, 蕫, 罿, 𩪘, 𧘂, 𤺄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25775
* Dae Jaweon: page 1302, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2711, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7AE5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 童 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 䇂 (“chisel”) + 見 (“kneeling person with a huge eye”). It depicts a person getting their eye (目) gouged out, a common punishment for slaves in ancient China. Compare 民, 臧.
In bronze inscriptions, the phonetic component 東 (OC *toːŋ) was added, making the character phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声).
In the modern form 䇂 has corrupted into 立. The bottom 里 derives from 東 combining with 土, similar to 重.

### Etymology
#### “child; servant boy; virgin; bare”

    Löffler (1966) compares it to Kukish dong (“boy”); see also Rengmitca tong-kléng' (“boy”), Areng thon-dén (“boy”) (Löffler, 1960). Schuessler (2007) also compares it to Hmong-Mien: White Hmong tub (“son”), Iu Mien dorn (“son”).

#### “shaman”

    Norman and Mei (1976) proposed that the Min Chinese word for “shaman” (*-dəŋ$^A$), written as 童, is from an Austroasiatic substratum, cognate with Vietnamese đồng, Mon ဒံၚ် (tòŋ, “to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”), ဒေါၚ် (tòŋ, “shaman called in to organise kəlok dances”). This is rebutted in Sagart (2008), who cited the wide distribution of the sense “magician; sorcerer” in late 19th-century & early 20th-century Chinese and the secondary meaning of 童 as “servant; messenger”, describing the resemblance between the Min and Austroasiatic terms as “undoubtedly fortuitous”.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tung$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thùng
    (Hailu, HRS): tung
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tung$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): tô̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tâng / tông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^5$ / tong$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$don
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tong$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: huung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuŋ²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tô̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dùng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâng
*** Tâi-lô: tâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /taŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
*** Tâi-lô: tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/
* tâng - vernacular;
* tông - literary.
* Middle Chinese: duwng
Rime :
| Character | 童 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | duwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 童 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁoŋ/ |
| English | boy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 童 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17439 |
| Phonetic component | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文重省聲 |

### Definitions

童
* child
    兒童／儿童 ― értóng ― child
    童子 ― tóngzǐ ― boy
    童年 ― tóngnián ― childhood
       Zhè jiā shāngdiàn tóngxié yǒu xiànhuò. [Pinyin]
       The store had children's shoes in stock.
       Nà ge bìngtóng de qíngkuàng jīntiān kànqǐlái bǐ zuótiān gèng bùmiào. [Pinyin]
       The sick child looks still worse today than yesterday.
* young servant; servant boy
    門童／门童 ― méntóng ― doorman
    書童／书童 ― shūtóng ― page boy
    球童 ― qiútóng ― caddie
* (Min, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu) shaman
* virgin
* bald; bare; exposed
    童山濯濯 ― tóngshān zhuózhuó ― hills denuded of vegetation
    From: c. 812~813, Han Yu, An Explication of “Progress in Learning” (《進學解》), translated by Charles Hartman
    Tóu tóng chǐ huò, jìng sǐ hé bì! [Pinyin]
    Your head's gone bald, your teeth are gapped; and things'll never get better till the day you die.
    From: c. 1088 CE, Shen Kuo, Dream Pool Essays
    Jīn Qí Lǔ jiān sōnglín jìn yǐ, jiàn zhì Tàiháng, jīng xī, jiāngnán, sōngshān dàbàn jiē tóng yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Today, the pine forests between Qi and Lu (nowadays Shandong) are depleted. Gradually, even in Taihang, the west of the capital, and Jiangnan, most of the pine-covered mountains have become barren.
* a surname
    童貫／童贯 ― Tóng Guàn ― Tong Guan (Song dynasty court eunuch)
* 12th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "youthfulness" (𝌑)

### Compounds

* 上清童子 (shàngqīng tóngzǐ)
* 乩童 (jītóng)
* 五尺之童
* 仙童
* 仙童仙女
* 低幼兒童 / 低幼儿童
* 兒童 / 儿童 (értóng)
* 兒童受虐 / 儿童受虐
* 兒童學 / 儿童学
* 兒童文學 / 儿童文学
* 兒童樂園 / 儿童乐园 (értóng lèyuán)
* 兒童畫 / 儿童画
* 兒童福利 / 儿童福利
* 兒童節 / 儿童节 (Értóngjié)
* 冥童
* 凡童
* 反老還童 / 反老还童
* 問題兒童 / 问题儿童
* 善才童子
* 報事靈童 / 报事灵童
* 報童 / 报童 (bàotóng)
* 天才兒童 / 天才儿童
* 失依兒童 / 失依儿童
* 失教兒童 / 失教儿童
* 奇童 (qítóng)
* 女童 (nǚtóng)
* 女童子軍 / 女童子军
* 女童軍 / 女童军 (nǚ tóngjūn)
* 孌童 / 娈童 (luántóng)
* 子童
* 孩童 (háitóng)
* 學童 / 学童 (xuétóng)
* 安童
* 安童哥
* 家童
* 小童 (xiǎotóng)
* 尼童子
* 幸童
* 幼童 (yòutóng)
* 幼童軍 / 幼童军
* 成童
* 文童
* 早熟兒童 / 早熟儿童
* 格林童話 / 格林童话
* 牛童馬走 / 牛童马走
* 牧童 (mùtóng)
* 特殊兒童 / 特殊儿童
* 狂童
* 狡童
* 玉童
* 球童 (qiútóng)
* 琴童 (qíntóng)
* 男童 (nántóng)
* 病童 (bìngtóng)
* 白叟黃童 / 白叟黄童
* 碧眼童顏 / 碧眼童颜 (bìyǎntóngyán)
* 神童 (shéntóng)
* 稚童
* 童便 (tóngbiàn)
* 童僕 / 童仆 (tóngpú)
* 童叟無欺 / 童叟无欺 (tóngsǒuwúqī)
* 童天王
* 童女 (tóngnǚ)
* 童婢
* 童子 (tóngzǐ)
* 童子崗 / 童子岗
* 童子癆 / 童子痨 (tóngzǐláo)
* 童子試 / 童子试
* 童子軍 / 童子军 (tóngzǐjūn)
* 童子軍節 / 童子军节
* 童山 (tóngshān)
* 童山濯濯
* 童工 (tónggōng)
* 童年 (tóngnián)
* 童心 (tóngxīn)
* 童心未泯 (tóngxīnwèimǐn)
* 童昏
* 童星 (tóngxīng)
* 童歌 (tónggē)
* 童烏 / 童乌
* 童牛角馬 / 童牛角马
* 童玩
* 童生 (tóngshēng)
* 童男
* 童男女
* 童男童女 (tóngnántóngnǚ)
* 童真 (tóngzhēn)
* 童稚 (tóngzhì)
* 童童 (tóngtóng)
* 童聲 / 童声 (tóngshēng)
* 童蒙 (tóngméng)
* 童蒙訓 / 童蒙训
* 童裝 / 童装 (tóngzhuāng)
* 童言無忌 / 童言无忌 (tóngyánwújì)
* 童話 / 童话 (tónghuà)
* 童話劇 / 童话剧
* 童語 / 童语
* 童謠 / 童谣 (tóngyáo)
* 童貞 / 童贞 (tóngzhēn)
* 童貫 / 童贯
* 童趣 (tóngqù)
* 童身
* 童軍 / 童军 (tóngjūn)
* 童農 / 童农
* 童顏 / 童颜 (tóngyán)
* 童顏鶴髮 / 童颜鹤发 (tóngyánhèfà)
* 童養媳 / 童养媳 (tóngyǎngxí)
* 童騃 / 童𫘤 (tóng'ái)
* 童黨 / 童党 (tóngdǎng)
* 老頑童 / 老顽童 (lǎowántóng)
* 耆童
* 花童
* 蒙童 (méngtóng)
* 行童
* 返老歸童 / 返老归童
* 返老還童 / 返老还童 (fǎnlǎohuántóng)
* 道童
* 金童
* 金童玉女 (jīntóngyùnǚ)
* 靈童 / 灵童 (língtóng)
* 頑童 / 顽童 (wántóng)
* 頭童齒豁 / 头童齿豁
* 馬童 / 马童
* 鶴髮童顏 / 鹤发童颜 (hèfàtóngyán)
* 麒麟童
* 黃童 / 黄童
* 黃童白叟 / 黄童白叟
* 齒豁頭童 / 齿豁头童

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 童 |
| Kyūjitai | 童󠄂 童+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* juvenile, child

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずう (zū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
* Kun: わらべ (warabe, 童, Jōyō)、わっぱ (wappa, 童)、わらし (warashi, 童)、わらわ (warawa, 童)、わらんべ (waranbe, 童)
* Nanori: わか (waka)、わらわ (warawa)

#### Compounds

* 童(どう)画(が) (dōga)
* 童(どう)顔(がん) (dōgan)
* 童(どう)形(ぎょう) (dōgyō)
* 童(どう)子(じ) (dōji)
* 童(どう)女(じょ) (dōjo)
* 童(どう)心(しん) (dōshin)
* 童(どう)貞(てい) (dōtei)
* 童男(どうなん) (dōnan)
* 童蒙(どうもう) (dōmō)
* 童(どう)謡(よう) (dōyō)
* 童(どう)話(わ) (dōwa)
* 童謡(わざうた) (wazauta)
* 悪(あく)童(どう) (akudō)
* 鶴(かく)髪(はつ)童(どう)顔(がん) (kakuhatsu dōgan)
* 怪(かい)童(どう) (kaidō)
* 学(がく)童(どう) (gakudō)
* 河(か)童(っぱ) (kappa)
* 造酒童女(さかつこ) (sakatsuko)
* 児(じ)童(どう) (jidō)
* 神(しん)童(どう) (shindō)
* 牧(ぼく)童(どう) (bokudō)
* 僕(ぼく)童(どう) (bokudō)
* 幼童(ようどう) (yōdō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 童
* わらわ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry. :
| 【わらわ】 | [noun] (archaic, historical) a hairstyle, with the hair not tied up but hanging loose, typically worn by children [noun] (by extension, archaic) a child older than a baby but not yet an adult [noun] (archaic) a child servant, a child who does errands; (especially) a young servant of a Buddhist temple [noun] (archaic, historical) short for 五節の童女 (gosechi no warawa), a girl who dances in 五節(ごせち) (gosechi) festivals |
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Derived terms

* 大(おお)童(わらわ) (ōwarawa)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 童
* わらべ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry. :
| 【わらべ】 | [noun] a child [noun] a young servant [noun] (humble) my wife |
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Derived terms

* 童歌(わらべうた) (warabeuta)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 童
* わらんべ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry. :
| 【わらんべ】 | [noun] (archaic) a child [noun] (archaic, by extension) someone who had not attained genpuku adulthood |
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 童
* わらし Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 童子

#### Noun

童(わらし) • (warashi)
* (Tōhoku) child

##### Derived terms

* 座敷童(ざしきわらし) (zashiki warashi)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 童
* わっぱ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
Cognate with 童 (warawa, “child”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わっぱ [wáꜜppà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) わっぱ [wàppá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [β̞a̠p̚pa̠]

#### Noun

童(わっぱ) • (wappa)
* (archaic) a child
* child, kid, boy (used in scolding a child or male person)
* (archaic) a young servant

##### Derived terms

* 小(こ)童(わっぱ) (kowappa)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1595 (paper), page 849 (digital)
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 童 (MC duwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 童 (eumhun 아이 동 (ai dong))
* hanja form of 동 (“child”)

#### Compounds

* 동시 (童詩, dongsi)
* 동심 (童心, dongsim)
* 동안 (童顔, dong'an)
* 동요 (童謠, dong'yo)
* 동자 (童子, dongja)
* 동화 (童話, donghwa)
* 신동 (神童, sindong)
* 아동 (兒童, adong)
* 옥동 (玉童, okdong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

童: Hán Nôm readings: đồng
* (occult, divination) of mediums or divination
    bà đồng ― a female medium