# فستان
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* فُسْطَان (fusṭān), فُشْطَان (fušṭān), فُشْطَال (fušṭāl) — the last two obsolete

### Etymology

Said to be from the Egyptian city الفُسْطَاط (al-fusṭāṭ), originally being markedly a raiment of Egyptian women, or so called because it was coloured with fustet, or related to the fabric fustian, the first usually derived as from Arabic فُسْتُق (fustuq) with an Occitanized ending and the second word family (see its translations), present in the early Middle Ages, derived sometimes via فُسْتَان (fustān) from الفُسْطَاط (al-fusṭāṭ) but this is probably not the case due to its arising early in the Middle Ages unlike the Arabic which is but known from the end of the European Middle Ages and the fustian family is rather from Latin fūstis (“cudgel”) relating to the fabrication of the material, and from the Old Occitan plant name fustet there is no way to this Arabic form. The appearance of ش (š), irregular for an Arabic derivation, the mere variation itself, and the ending variation ـَان (-ān) instead of ـَال (-āl) hint an adaptation from Romance, by way of the international textiles trade in the Old World – though this must have been the case already as early as the 14th century when this word already appears in the Ḥijāz –, compare قُرْصَان (qurṣān), بُرْتُقَان (burtuqān) and قَشْقَوَان (qašqawān), all with underlying -āl auslaut, which suggests a first formation in Medieval Latin -ālis, -āneum respectively its Romance equivalents.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fus.taːn/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

فُسْتَان • (fustān) m (dual فُسْتَانَانِ (fustānāni), plural فَسَاتِين (fasātīn))
* dress

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: فستان (fustān)
* South Levantine Arabic: فستان (fustān), فستيان (fustyān), فصطان (fuṣṭān)
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: fustã, fustam
** Portuguese: fustão
* → Old Spanish: fustán
** Spanish: fustán, fustal

### References

* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1845) Dictionnaire détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les arabes‎ (in French), Amsterdam: Jean Müller, page 337
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “فستان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 266

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فُسْتَان (fustān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fusˈtaːn/

### Noun

فستان • (fustān) m (plural فساتين (fasātīn))
* dress
    Synonym: (archaic) كرتة (kurta)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Greek φουστάνι (foustáni, “dress”), from Romance. Some descendants listed here may be directly borrowed from Romance or Greek.

### Noun

فستان • (fistan, fustan)
* woman's skirt, dress or petticoat
* fustanella

#### Descendants

* Turkish: fistan, (dialectal) fustan, fıstan, fiston, fisdan
* → Albanian: fistan, fustan
* → Armenian: ֆիստան (fistan), ֆստան (fstan) — Van, ֆիսդան (fisdan)
* → Bulgarian: фиста́н (fistán), фуста́н (fustán)
* → Hungarian: fosztán, foszlán, fosztány, foszlány, foszlyán, foszláng, foszláncz, foszlánk
* → Ladino: fostan
* → Macedonian: фустан (fustan), (dialectal) фастан (fastan), фистан (fistan)
* → Persian: فستان (festân)
* → Serbo-Croatian: fìstān, fùstān, vìstān / фѝста̄н, фу̀ста̄н, вѝста̄н

### Further reading

* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “fistan”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
* Kahane, Henry R., Kahane, Renée, Tietze, Andreas (1958) The Lingua Franca in the Levant: Turkish Nautical Terms of Italian and Greek Origin, Urbana: University of Illinois, § 314, pages 235–236
* Kakuk, Suzanne (1973) Recherches sur l’histoire de la langue osmanlie des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Les éléments osmanlis de la langue hongroise (Near and Middle East Monographs; 17) (in French), The Hague and Paris: Mouton, page 156
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فستان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 898
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فستان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3520
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فستان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1384
* Rocchi, Luciano (2011) Il dizionario turco-ottomano di Arcangelo Carradori (1650)‎ (in Italian), Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, pages 155–156
* Tietze, Andreas (2009) “fiston / fistan”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume II, Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 70a

## South Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* فستيان (fustyān), فصطان (fuṣṭān)

### Etymology

From Arabic فُسْتَان (fustān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fus.taːn/, [fʊsˈtæːn]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

فستان • (fustān) m (plural فساتين (fasātīn))
* dress

#### See also

* توبة (tōbe, “thobe”)