# 菽

| 菽 | U+83FD, &#33789; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83FD |
| ← 菼 [U+83FC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菾 → [U+83FE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菽 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜火水 (TYFE), four-corner 4494$_7$, composition ⿱艹叔)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1040, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31241
* Dae Jaweon: page 1499, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3232, character 9
* Unihan data for U+83FD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 菽
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 椒 | *ʔsliw |
| 茮 | *ʔsliw |
| 踧 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 蔋 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 惄 | *nɯːwɢ |
| 戚 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 慼 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 鏚 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 慽 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 磩 | *sʰlɯːwɢ |
| 寂 | *zlɯːwɢ |
| 嘁 | *ʔsluːb |
| 墄 | *sʰlɯːɡ |
| 摵 | *srɯːɡ, *ʔslɯwɢ, *srɯwɢ |
| 督 | *ʔl'uːwɢ |
| 錖 | *ʔl'uːwɢ |
| 裻 | *ʔl'uːwɢ, *sluːwɢ |
| 傶 | *ʔslɯːwɢ |
| 蹙 | *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 槭 | *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 縬 | *ʔslɯwɢ, *ʔsrɯwɢ |
| 顣 | *ʔslɯwɢ |
| 敊 | *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 琡 | *ʔljɯwɢ, *l̥ʰjɯwɢ |
| 俶 | *l̥ʰjɯwɢ |
| 埱 | *l̥ʰjɯwɢ |
| 淑 | *ɦljɯwɢ |
| 婌 | *ɦljɯwɢ |
| 尗 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 叔 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 掓 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 菽 | *hljɯwɢ |
| 鮛 | *hljɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljɯwɢ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 叔 (OC *hljɯwɢ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nuk (“bean, eye”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *(s-)nok (“bean”) (whence Burmese ပဲနောက် (pai:nauk, “bean”), Lahu nɔ̂ʔ, etc.), Jingpho nòʔ.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shū, shú
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ, ㄕㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): suk$^1$ / suk$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeh$^6$ / syeh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shū
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shu
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^1$
*** Yale: shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shú
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shú
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^2$
*** Yale: shú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^1$ / suk$^6$
*** Yale: sūk / suhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^7$ / suk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^1$ / sug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚⁵/, /sʊk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /søyʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬœʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok
*** Tâi-lô: siok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok
*** Sinological IPA : /sok̚²/
* Middle Chinese: syuwk
Rime :
| Character | 菽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式竹切 |
| Baxter | syuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-t(ʰ)uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 菽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-t(ʰ)uk/ |
| English | pulse, beans |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11761 |
| Phonetic component | 尗 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 叔 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljɯwɢ/ |
| Notes | 同尗 |

### Definitions

菽
* beans and peas collectively; pulse; legume

### Compounds

* 不辨菽麥 / 不辨菽麦 (bùbiànshūmài)
* 半菽
* 半菽不飽 / 半菽不饱
* 啜菽飲水 / 啜菽饮水
* 巴菽
* 布帛菽粟 (bùbóshūsù)
* 歠菽飲水 / 歠菽饮水
* 禾菽
* 粱菽
* 芻菽 / 刍菽
* 茙菽
* 菽乳
* 菽水 (shúshuǐ)
* 菽水之歡 / 菽水之欢 (shúshuǐ zhī huān)
* 菽水之養 / 菽水之养 (shúshuǐ zhī yǎng)
* 菽水承歡 / 菽水承欢 (shúshuǐ chénghuān)
* 菽粟 (shūsù)
* 菽糜
* 菽麥 / 菽麦
* 菽麥不辨 / 菽麦不辨
* 采菽
* 飲水啜菽 / 饮水啜菽
* 飲水食菽 / 饮水食菽

### References

* “菽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “菽”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 212.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅく (shuku)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
* Kun: まめ (mame, 菽)

## Korean
### Hanja

菽 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
* beans, peas (literary)

#### Compounds

* 菽麥不辨 (숙맥불변) : unable to tell bean and barley shoots apart; ignorant of the ways of things
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.