# 魘

| 魘 | U+9B58, &#39768; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B58 |
| ← 魗 [U+9B57] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 魙 → [U+9B59] |

## Translingual
### Han character

魘 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+14, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一大竹戈 (MKHI), four-corner 7121$_3$, composition ⿸厭鬼)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1463, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45941
* Dae Jaweon: page 1997, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4438, character 6
* Unihan data for U+9B58

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猒 | *qem, *qems |
| 懕 | *qem |
| 饜 | *qem, *qems |
| 嬮 | *qem, *qems, *qeb |
| 厭 | *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb |
| 黶 | *qemʔ |
| 檿 | *qemʔ |
| 魘 | *qemʔ, *qeb |
| 厴 | *qemʔ |
| 擪 | *qemʔ, *qeb |
| 壓 | *qreːb |
| 靨 | *qeb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qemʔ, *qeb): phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 鬼 (“devil”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^2$ / jip$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /iæ̃⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^2$ / jip$^3$
*** Yale: yím / yip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^2$ / jip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^2$ / yib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm³⁵/, /jiːp̚³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jiemX, 'jiep
Rime :
| Character | 魘 | 魘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於琰切 | 於葉切 |
| Baxter | 'jiemX | 'jiep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiᴇm$^X$/ | /ʔiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɛm$^X$/ | /ʔiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjæm$^X$/ | /ʔjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiam$^X$/ | /ʔiap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɛm$^X$/ | /ʔiɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɛm$^X$/ | /ĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɛm$^X$/ | /ʔi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn | ye |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^2$ | jip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qemʔ/, /*qeb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 魘 | 魘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14423 | 14433 |
| Phonetic component | 猒 | 猒 |
| Rime group | 談 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黶 | 魘 |
| Old Chinese | /*qemʔ/ | /*qeb/ |

### Definitions

魘
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a nightmare; bad dream
* Used in 夢魘／梦魇 (mèngyǎn, “a nightmare; bad dream”).

### Compounds

* 夢魘 / 梦魇 (mèngyǎn)
* 狐媚魘道 / 狐媚魇道
* 魘寐 / 魇寐
* 魘樣 / 魇样
* 魘禳 / 魇禳
* 魘魅 / 魇魅
* 魘魔法 / 魇魔法

### References

* “魘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* To have a nightmare
* To make a noise during a nightmare

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)、よう (yō)
* Kun: おそわれる (osowareru)、おそう (osō)、うなされる (unasareru)

## Korean
### Hanja

魘 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

魘: Hán Nôm readings: yểm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.