# kamala
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कमल (kamala, “lotus”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʌm(ə)lə/

### Noun

kamala (countable and uncountable, plural kamalas)
* A small or medium-sized tree (Mallotus philippensis) in the spurge family, found in Asia and Australia.
    Synonyms: kamala tree, dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton
** (usually uncountable) An orange or red powder obtained from the fruit capsules of this plant, used as dyestuff for colouring silk or wool, and employed as an anthelmintic.
*** 1875 December 4, “Medical Societies: Medical Society of London”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet, number 2727, London: John James Croft, page 803:After stating the varieties met with in this country, […] he stated that the chief points to be observed in the treatment [of common tapeworm] were: a preliminary starvation of twenty-four hours, and the administration of a combination of kamala and male fern—namely, two drachms of kamala to be rubbed up with a little gum-and-water till an emulsion is formed, and then two drachms of oil of male fern to be added, and the whole triturated in a mortar, […]
*** 1876, Ferd[inand] von Mueller, Select Plants Readily Eligible for Industrial Culture or Naturalisation in Victoria, Melbourne: M‘Carron, Bird & Co., page 124:Mallotus Philippinensis, J. M. […] Though not of great importance this bush should not be passed on this occasion, inasmuch as the powdery substance investing the seed capsules constitutes the Kamala, which can be employed not only as an orange dye, but also as an anthelmintic remedy. The Hindoo silk-dyers use it for an orange colour, obtained by boiling the Kamala with carbonate of soda.
*** 1907, C[onrad] Lewis Diehl, “Report on the Progress of Pharmacy. From July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907”, in Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association at the Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting Held at New York, N. Y., September, 1907 […], Baltimore: American Pharmaceutical Association, page 815:In a recent examination of commercial kamalas, the mean percentage of ash found was 35.17 per cent., using a platinum crucible and as high a temperature as a common Bunsen burner would supply.

#### Derived terms

* buckthorn-leaved kamala (Mallotus rhamnifolius)
* orange kamala (Mallotus philippensis)
* red kamala (Mallotus philippensis)
* rusty kamala (Mallotus tetracoccus)

#### Translations
### References

* “kamala”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* kamala on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Mallotus philippensis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Mallotus philippensis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Anagrams

* Kalama, alamak

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kamala (compare Ingrian kamala, Karelian kamala, Votic kamalõ), possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hamalaz. Alternatively, possibly related to Erzya кама- (kama-) in камажа (kamaža, “bad”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑmɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝mɑ̝lɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑmɑlɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma‧la

### Adjective

kamala (comparative kamalampi, superlative kamalin)
* horrible, terrible
    se oli kamalaait was horrible
* (colloquial) terribly, an intensifier
    se oli kamalan hyvääit was terribly good

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kamala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamalani
kamalani
accusative
nom.
kamalani
kamalani
gen.
kamalani
genitive
kamalani
kamalieni kamalaini $^{rare}$
partitive
kamalaani
kamaliani
inessive
kamalassani
kamalissani
elative
kamalastani
kamalistani
illative
kamalaani
kamaliini
adessive
kamalallani
kamalillani
ablative
kamalaltani
kamaliltani
allative
kamalalleni
kamalilleni
essive
kamalanani
kamalinani
translative
kamalakseni
kamalikseni
abessive
kamalattani
kamalittani
instructive
comitative
—kamalineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamalasi
kamalasi
accusative
nom.
kamalasi
kamalasi
gen.
kamalasi
genitive
kamalasi
kamaliesi kamalaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kamalaasi
kamaliasi
inessive
kamalassasi
kamalissasi
elative
kamalastasi
kamalistasi
illative
kamalaasi
kamaliisi
adessive
kamalallasi
kamalillasi
ablative
kamalaltasi
kamaliltasi
allative
kamalallesi
kamalillesi
essive
kamalanasi
kamalinasi
translative
kamalaksesi
kamaliksesi
abessive
kamalattasi
kamalittasi
instructive
comitative
—kamalinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamalamme
kamalamme
accusative
nom.
kamalamme
kamalamme
gen.
kamalamme
genitive
kamalamme
kamaliemme kamalaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kamalaamme
kamaliamme
inessive
kamalassamme
kamalissamme
elative
kamalastamme
kamalistamme
illative
kamalaamme
kamaliimme
adessive
kamalallamme
kamalillamme
ablative
kamalaltamme
kamaliltamme
allative
kamalallemme
kamalillemme
essive
kamalanamme
kamalinamme
translative
kamalaksemme
kamaliksemme
abessive
kamalattamme
kamalittamme
instructive
comitative
—kamalinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamalanne
kamalanne
accusative
nom.
kamalanne
kamalanne
gen.
kamalanne
genitive
kamalanne
kamalienne kamalainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kamalaanne
kamalianne
inessive
kamalassanne
kamalissanne
elative
kamalastanne
kamalistanne
illative
kamalaanne
kamaliinne
adessive
kamalallanne
kamalillanne
ablative
kamalaltanne
kamaliltanne
allative
kamalallenne
kamalillenne
essive
kamalananne
kamalinanne
translative
kamalaksenne
kamaliksenne
abessive
kamalattanne
kamalittanne
instructive
comitative
—kamalinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamalansa
kamalansa
accusative
nom.
kamalansa
kamalansa
gen.
kamalansa
genitive
kamalansa
kamaliensa kamalainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kamalaansa
kamaliaan kamaliansa
inessive
kamalassaan kamalassansa
kamalissaan kamalissansa
elative
kamalastaan kamalastansa
kamalistaan kamalistansa
illative
kamalaansa
kamaliinsa
adessive
kamalallaan kamalallansa
kamalillaan kamalillansa
ablative
kamalaltaan kamalaltansa
kamaliltaan kamaliltansa
allative
kamalalleen kamalallensa
kamalilleen kamalillensa
essive
kamalanaan kamalanansa
kamalinaan kamalinansa
translative
kamalakseen kamalaksensa
kamalikseen kamaliksensa
abessive
kamalattaan kamalattansa
kamalittaan kamalittansa
instructive
comitative
—kamalineen kamalinensa :

#### Derived terms

* kamalahko
* kamalasti
* kamaluus

#### See also

* hirveä
* kauhea
* kaamea

### References

* ↑ Aikio, Ante: Muutamia lisiä suomen germaaniseen lainasanastoon (2019)

### Further reading

* “kamala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Noun

kamala m (plural kamalas)
* kamala (plant)

### Further reading

* “kamala”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kà.máː.làː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [kə̀.máː.làː]

### Noun

kàmālā̀ f (possessed form kàmālàr̃)
* decency, dignity

## Ingrian
### Alternative forms

* kamela

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kamala. Cognates include Finnish kamala.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkɑmɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑmɑɫ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkɑmɑːlɑ/, [ˈkɑmˑɑːɫɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑmɑl, -ɑmɑːlɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma‧la

### Adjective

kamala (comparative kamalamp)
* dirty
* bad, terrible
    kamala ilma ― bad weather
    kamala sana ― dirty word

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 129

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* कमल (Devanagari script)
* কমল (Bengali script)
* කමල (Sinhalese script)
* ကမလ or ၵမလ (Burmese script)
* กมล or กะมะละ (Thai script)
* ᨠᨾᩃ (Tai Tham script)
* ກມລ or ກະມະລະ (Lao script)
* កមល (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄟𑄣 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit कमल (kamala).

### Noun

kamala n
* lotus

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kamala”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French kamala.

### Noun

kamala f (uncountable)
* kamala