# مرض
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From Proto-Semitic *maraṣ̂- (“to be ill”). Compare Biblical Hebrew נִמְרַץ (nimraṣ, “to be sore”) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎗𐎕 (mrṣ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.ri.dˤa/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

مَرِضَ • (mariḍa) I (non-past يَمْرَضُ (yamraḍu), verbal noun مَرَض (maraḍ))
* to be or become sick
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:80:وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِwaʔiḏā mariḍtu fahuwa yašfīniand when I get sick it is He who cures me

##### Descendants

* Maltese: marad

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mar.ra.dˤa/

#### Verb

مَرَّضَ • (marraḍa) II (non-past يُمَرِّضُ (yumarriḍu), verbal noun تَمْرِيض (tamrīḍ))
* (transitive) to nurse the sick

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /ma.radˤ/

#### Noun

مَرَض • (maraḍ) m (plural أَمْرَاض (ʔamrāḍ))
* verbal noun of مَرِضَ (mariḍa) (form I)
* disease, sickness, illness

##### Synonyms

* دَاء (dāʔ), عِلَّة (ʕilla), سُقْم (suqm)

##### Antonyms

* صِحَّة (ṣiḥḥa), عَافِيَة (ʕāfiya)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: mard
* → Azerbaijani: mərəz
* → Persian: مرض (maraz)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: मरज़ (marz)
    Urdu: مَرض (marz)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਜ਼ (maraz)
    Shahmukhi script: مرض (maraz)
* → Swahili: maradhi
** → Lingala: maláli
* → Ottoman Turkish: مرض (maraz)
** Turkish: maraz
** → Albanian: maraz
** → Armenian: մարազ (maraz)
** → Crimean Tatar: maraz
** → Greek: μαράζης (marázis), μαραζάρης (marazáris)
** → Northern Kurdish: meraz
** → Romanian: măraz, maraz
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: мараз
    Latin script: maraz

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic مَرِضَ (mariḍa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mi.ridˤ/, [mɪ.rɪdˤ]

#### Verb

مرض • (miriḍ) I (non-past يِمْرض (yimraḍ))
* to get sick

##### See also

* مَريض (marīḍ, “sick, unwell”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic مَرَّضَ (marraḍa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mar.radˤ/

#### Verb

مرّض • (marraḍ) II (non-past يِمرِّض (yimarriḍ))
* to cause sickness
    القهوة تمرّضني ! ― ʔal-gahwa timarriḍni ― Coffee makes me sick!

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.radˤ/

#### Noun

مرض • (maraḍ) m (plural أمراض (ʔamrāḍ))
* illness, sickness, disease

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ, “disease, illness”), from Proto-Semitic *maraṣ̂- (“to be ill”).

### Noun

مرض • (maraz) (definite accusative مرضی (marazı), plural امراض (emraz))
* disease, sickness, illness, an abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction
    Synonym: خسته‌لق (hastalık)
** 1910 April 24, “دوقتور صوجیان [Doctor Sodjian]”, in Tercüman-i Ahval, page 4:امراض بولیهٔ تناسلیه و امراض داخلیه متخصص اسكی و یكی بل صغوقلغی و فرنكی و بوبرك و مثانه و امعا و معده خسته‌لقلرینی غایت سریع و یکی اصول اوزره تداوی ایدر.Emraz bevliye tenasüliye ve emraz dahiliye mütehassıs eski ve yeni belsoğukluğu ve frengi ve böbrek ve masane ve ema ve mi'de hastalıklarını gayet seri ve yeni usul üzere tedavi eder.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* مرضلق (marazlık, “the state of one diseased”)
* مرضلو (marazlı, “suffering from any illness”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: maraz
* → Albanian: maraz
* → Armenian: մարազ (maraz)
* → Crimean Tatar: maraz
* → Greek: μαράζης (marázis), μαραζάρης (marazáris)
* → Northern Kurdish: meraz
* → Romanian: măraz, maraz
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: мараз
    Latin script: maraz

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “maraz1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3061
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “maraz”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 693
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مرض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1149
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Morbus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1080
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مرض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4574
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “maraz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مرض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1811

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ma.ɾaz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mä.ɾäz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mä.ɾäz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mä.ɾäz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mä.ɾäz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæ.ɹæz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mä.ɾäz]

### Noun

مرض • (maraz) (plural امراض (amrâz) or مرض‌ها (maraz-hâ))
* disease; illness, sickness
    Synonyms: ناخوشی (nâxoši), بیماری (bimâri)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: मरज़ (marz)
    Urdu: مَرض (marz)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਜ਼ (maraz)
    Shahmukhi script: مرض (maraz)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic مَرِضَ (mariḍa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mi.ridˤ/, [ˈmi.rɪdˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

مرض • (miriḍ) I (present بمرض (bimraḍ))
* to get sick

##### See also

* مريض (marīḍ, “sick, unwell”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.radˤ/, [ˈmɑ.rˤɑdˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

مرض • (maraḍ) m (plural أمراض (ʔamrāḍ))
* illness, sickness, disease

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَض (maraz), from Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /məɾz/

### Noun

مَرض • (marz) m (Hindi spelling मरज़)
* disease, illness, sickness, malady
    Synonyms: آزَار (āzār), بِیمَارِی (bīmārī)