# կուղբ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կուղբ (kułb), Middle Armenian կուղբ (kuġb).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kuʁb/, [kuʁb]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡuχp/, [ɡuχpʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

կուղբ • (kuġb)
* beaver
    Synonym: ջրշուն (ǰršun)

#### Declension
## Middle Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կուղբ (kułb).

### Noun

կուղբ • (kuġb) (genitive singular կղբու)
* beaver
** 1184, Mxitʻar Heracʻi, J̌ermancʻ mxitʻarutʻiwn [Relief of Fevers] : […] աֆթիմոն երեք դրամ. կղբու ձու մի դրամ […] […] aftʻimon erekʻ dram. kġbu ju mi dram […]
** 12–13th century, Mxitʻar Goš, Aṙakkʻ [Fables] :Մեղադիր եղեն ոմանք կղբու, եթէ զիա՞րդ ի ջուր յաճախ դեգերիս […] Meġadir eġen omankʻ kġbu, etʻē zia$^?$rd i ǰur yačax degeris […]
** 12–13th century, Vardan Aygekcʻi, Žołovacʻoykʻ aṙakacʻ Vardanay [Collections of Fables of Vardan]

#### Related terms

* կղբուձու (kġbuju)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: կուղբ (kuġb)

### References

* ↑ Марр, Н. (1894) Сборники притч Вардана. Часть II. Тексты [Collections of Vardan's fables. Part II. Texts], Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, § 194, page 225

### Further reading

* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “կուղբ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 385b
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “կուղբ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1122b

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

According to Ačaṙean, borrowed from Classical Syriac ܟܠܒܐ (kalbā, “dog”), more precisely from its dialectal form with an -u- vowel. For the semantics compare Armenian ջրշուն (ǰršun, “beaver”, literally “water-dog”), Middle Persian [script needed] (sag ī ābīg, “beaver”, literally “water-dog”) (whence Persian سگ آبی (sag-e âbi)), Old Irish doburchú (“otter”, literally “water-dog”).

### Noun

կուղբ • (kułb)
* beaver
    Synonym: կասդորիոս (kasdorios)
** 5th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Baroyaxōs [Physiologus] 26.1.:Է երէ ինչ, որ կոչի կասդորիոս, որ թարգմանի կուղբ․ հանդարտ եւ յոյժ զգաւն է երէն։Ē erē inčʻ, or kočʻi kasdorios, or tʻargmani kułb; handart ew yoyž zgawn ē erēn.Translation by Gohar MuradyanThere is an animal called castor, which is translated beaver; the animal is quite and very gentle.
** 6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʻ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen] :καστόριον· կղբու ձուκαστόριον· kłbu juκαστόριον = testicle of a beaver

#### Declension

the instrumental singular and the genitive/dative/instrumental plural are not attested, which does not allow determining whether the word followed an i-type or an i-a-type declension a manuscript variant գղբի (głbi, genitive) is also attested

#### Alternative forms

* գուղբ (guġb) — variant reading

#### Derived terms

* կղբուձու (kłbuju)

#### Descendants

* Middle Armenian: կուղբ (kuġb)
** Armenian: կուղբ (kuġb)

### References

* ↑ Muradyan, Gohar (2005) Physiologus: The Greek and Armenian Versions with a Study of Translation Technique (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 6)‎, Leuven – Paris – Dudley: Peeters, pages 130, 158

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կուղբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 657ab
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “կուղբ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1122b
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կուղբ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 358b
* Gabamačean, Simon (1910) “կուղբ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hayerēn Lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Constantinople: R. Sakayan press, page 743b
* Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen‎, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 54