# ab
## Translingual
### Symbol

ab
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Abkhaz terms

## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æb/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æb

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ab (plural abs)
* (informal) Clipping of abdominal muscle. [Mid 20th century.]
** 2006, H. Peter Steeves, The Things Themselves, page 75:The bikinied models in most of the ESPN2 shows have abs. Many of the malnourished bikinied models in the commercials have visible rib cages. How did the two get conflated into a shared vision of beauty?
** 2010, Bill Geiger, "6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks", Reps! 17:106
    When possible, do your ab workout on a day when you're not training a major muscle group […] .

##### Usage notes

* Most often used attributively. Substantive use is more common in the plural form abs.

##### Derived terms

* ab roller
* ab roller wheel
* ab wheel

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of abscess.

#### Noun

ab (plural abs)
* (slang) An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Abbreviations.

#### Verb

ab (third-person singular simple present abs, present participle abbing, simple past and past participle abbed)
* (climbing, informal) To abseil.
** 1998, Climbing, numbers 178-180, page 22:I had a climbing rope in my pack, set up an abseil with it, and abbed down to him.
* Abbreviation of abort.

#### Noun

ab
* Abbreviation of abortion.

#### Preposition

ab
* Abbreviation of about.

#### Adverb

ab
* Abbreviation of about.

### Etymology 4

From the spelling books and the fact that it was the first of the letter combinations.

#### Noun

ab (plural abs)
* (US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start.

### References

* ↑ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “ab”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
* ↑ Mathews, Mitford M, ed. A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles. 1st. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.
* “ab”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
* "ab" in Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, 2002.
* “ab”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

### Anagrams

* -ba-, B. A., B.A., BA, Ba, ba, ba'

## Äynu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian آب (âb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑb/

### Noun

ab
* water

### References

* Otto Ladstätter, Andreas Tietze, Die Abdal (Äynu) in Xinjiang (1994)

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آب (āb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑb]
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Noun

ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)
* (Classical Azerbaijani) water
    Synonym: su

#### Related terms

* ab-hava (“climate”)
* abı (“sky-blue”)

## Blagar
### Noun

ab
* fish

### References

* A. Schapper (citing Steinhauer), Elevation in the spatial deictic systems of Alor-Pantar languages, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
* ASJP, citing L. C. Robinson and G. Holton, Internal classification of the Alor-Pantar language family using computational methods applied to the lexicon (2012)

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap/
* (Before a voiced consonant or a vowel) IPA: /ab/
* (Before a voiced consonant or a vowel in betacist dialects) IPA: /aβ/

### Preposition

ab
* Obsolete form of amb.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Persian [Term?]

### Noun

ab
* water
    Synonyms: suv, su, bum-bum

#### Declension
### References

* “ab”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Latin ab (“of, from”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ab/, [ɑb̥]

#### Preposition

ab
* ex (out of, sold from)
* from (with the origin in time)

### Etymology 2

See abe (“to ape, mimic”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːb/, [æːˀb̥]

#### Verb

ab
* imperative of abe

### Further reading

* “ab” in Den Danske Ordbog

## East Central German
### Particle

ab
* (Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian) negative particle, do not

## East Yugur
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *ab-, compare Mongolian авах (avax).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abqʰə/, [aβqʰə]

### Verb

ab
* to take
    Ci ghudal kelese bu cini arasini xuulj' abqu.If you tell a lie I will skin you [take your skin].

## German
### Pronunciation

* (Germany) IPA: /ap/, /ɑp/
* (Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian) IPA: /ɑb̥/
* Rhymes: -ap

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

#### Preposition

ab [with dative]
* beginning at that time or location; from
    Ab heute verfügbar.Available from today.

##### Derived terms

* ab und zu

##### Descendants

* Norwegian Bokmål: ab

### Etymology 2

From adverbial use of the prefix ab- in verbs such as abschlagen, abgehen etc. Compare English off.

#### Adjective

ab (indeclinable, predicative only)
* (colloquial, predicative only) off; not attached to anything anymore
    Der Arm ist ab.The arm is (hewn) off.
* (nonstandard, attributive) off; not attached to anything anymore
    Der abbe Arm ist verschwunden.The (hewn) off arm has disappeared.

##### Usage notes

* The predicative use is common in colloquial German throughout the country.
* The attributive forms are mostly used in Western and Northern Germany and are considerably less common than the predicative use. They used to be used mostly jocularly, but become gradually more frequent since they are much shorter than the appropriate full verb forms such as abgetrennt (“disconnected, severed”).
* The inflected attributive forms retain the devoiced consonant. Hence, sometimes they are spelled with p, rather than b: appes Bein.

##### Declension

Indeclinable, predicative-only.

### Related terms

* abseits

## Hamer-Banna
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔáb/, [ʔáb̚]

### Determiner

ab
* Alternative form of ábi

### References

* Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎, Leiden University, page 297

## Indonesian
### Noun

ab (plural ab-ab)
* small pot
* (dated) father (aba)

## Interlingua
### Preposition

ab
* from

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abˠ/

#### Noun

ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)
* (Christianity) abbot
    Coordinate terms: ban-ab, máthairab

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
ab
abaí
vocative
a ab
a abaí
genitive
aba
abaí
dative
ab
abaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-ab
na habaí
genitive
an aba
na n-abaí
dative
leis an ab don ab
leis na habaí :

##### Derived terms

* mac an aba m (“ring finger”)
* tánaiste an aba m (“the next in rank to the abbot”)
* tiarna aba m (“lord abbot”)

### Etymology 2

Contraction of the relative particle a and the prevocalic variant of the past/conditional copula particle b’.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əbˠ/

#### Particle

ab
* Alternative form of ba (used in relative clauses before a vowel sound).
    Fear maith ab ea é.He was a good man.
    buachaill ab áirde ná mo dheartháir ― a boy (who was) taller than my brother

##### Related terms

Present/future :
| | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
| Main clauses | is | ní | an | nach |
| Direct relative clauses | is | nach | | |
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arb$^v$ | nach | | |
| Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurb$^v$ | nach | an | nach |
| Past/conditional |||||
| | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
| Main clauses | ba, b’$^v$ | níor, níorbh$^v$ | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ |
| Direct relative clauses | ba, ab$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | | |
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | | |
| Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ |
| Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive | | |
| | Affirmative | Negative | | |
| | gura, gurab$^v$ | nára, nárab$^v$ | | |
| Base word | Present/future | Past/conditional |
| cá | cár, cárb$^v$ | cár, cárbh$^v$ |
| cé | cér, cérb$^v$ | cér, cérbh$^v$ |
| dá | | dá mba, dá mb’$^v$ |
| de/do | dar, darb$^v$ | dar, darbh$^v$ |
| faoi | faoinar, faoinarb$^v$ | faoinar, faoinarbh$^v$ |
| i | inar, inarb$^v$ | inar, inarbh$^v$ |
| le | lenar, lenarb$^v$ | lenar, lenarbh$^v$ |
| má | más | má ba, má b’$^v$ |
| mura | mura, murab$^v$ | murar, murarbh$^v$ |
| ó (prep.) | ónar, ónarb$^v$ | ónar, ónarbh$^v$ |
| ó (conj.) | ós | ó ba, ó b’$^v$ |
| trí | trínar, trínarb$^v$ | trínar, trínarbh$^v$ |
$^v$ Used before vowel sounds :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ab”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ab”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “ab”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Kein
### Noun

ab
* fire

### Further reading

* Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975) (as ʌb)
* Bemal Organized Phonology Data (as ab)

## K'iche'
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːɓ/

### Noun

ab
* hammock
* steam
* mist

### References

* Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary, page 7

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* ā (not used before a vowel or h)
* abs (Old Latin, exclusively before the pronoun tē)
* af (Old Latin)
* dē ab (Late Latin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (ăpó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ab/, [äb]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ab/, [äb]

### Preposition

ab (+ ablative)
* (indicating ablation): from, away from, out of
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.
* (indicating ablation): down from
* (indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4:Rex ab suis appellatur.The king is saluted by his men.
* (indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with
** 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92:Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur....so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.
* (indicating association): to, with
** Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
    Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.
       I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
* (indicating location): at, on, in
* (time) after, since

#### Usage notes

Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.
* Liber ā discipulō aperītur.The book is opened by the student.

#### Related terms

* abhinc

#### Descendants

* French: à
* Italian: a
* Spanish: a
* Portuguese: a
* → Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ab, abs, as-, ā-, af-, au-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 19-20
* ↑ Vaan, M. A. C. de. (2009). Latin au- 'away', an allomorph of ab-. Anuari De Filologia 25-26 [2003-2004]. Secció D: Studia Graeca Et Latina. Número 12, 25-26, 141-147. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18683

### Further reading

* “ab”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ab in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “ab”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a gentle ascent: collis leniter ab infimo acclivis (opp. leniter a summo declivis) the east winds are blowing: venti ab ortu solis flant the Rhone[TR2] is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani: Rhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividit to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus) in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto to be always at a person's side: ab alicuius latere non discedere to turn one's gaze away from an object: oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re to trace one's descent from some one: originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere a native of England: ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis from one's entry into civil life: ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97) to begin with a thing: initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re to start from small beginnings: ab exiguis initiis proficisci the motive, cause, is to be found in..: causa repetenda est ab aliqua re (not quaerenda) to originate in, arise from: ab aliqua re proficisci to rescue from destruction: ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare to gain a person's esteem, friendship: gratiam inire ab aliquoor apud aliquem to look favourably upon; to support: propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo) to gain one's point with any one: aliquid ab aliquo impetrare to win golden opinions from every one: maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo) to use up, make full use of one's spare time: otio abūti or otium ad suum usum transferre to draw away some one's attention from a thing: alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere to hold the same views: idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo) to apply to a person for advice: consilium petere ab aliquo to rescue from oblivion: aliquid ab oblivione vindicare to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3) to be educated by some one: litteras discere ab aliquo to receive instruction from some one: institui or erudiri ab aliquo to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re to disagree with a person: dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus to have no taste for the fine arts: abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibus) to go a long way back (in narrative): longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere (either absolute or ab aliqua re) no sound passed his lips: nulla vox est ab eo audita to extract an answer from some one: responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex... the word amicitia comes from amare: nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2) to prevent some one from growing angry, appease his anger: animum alicuius ab iracundia revocare to revenge oneself on some one: ulcisci aliquem, poenas expetere ab aliquo to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo to protect any one from wrong: ab iniuria aliquem defendere to neglect one's duty: ab officio discedere to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere to let oneself be perverted from one's duty: ab officio abduci, avocari to have an inclination for a thing: propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re) the principles which I have followed since I came to man's estate: meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae (Imp. Pomp. 1. 1.) to summon some one from the dead: aliquem ab inferis or a mortuis evocare, excitare (passive ab inferis exsistere) to ask for an oracular response: oraculum petere (ab aliquo) from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.) the conversation began with..: sermo ortus est ab aliqua re something has been left as a legacy by some one: hereditate aliquid relictum est ab aliquo I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10) to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo to borrow money from some one: pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem alicuius rei reposcere aliquem or ab aliquo to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104) to gain some one's favour: gratiam inire apud aliquem, ab aliquo (cf. sect. V. 12) to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273) to hold different views in politics: ab aliquo in re publica dissentire to deliver some one from slavery: ab aliquo servitutem or servitutis iugum depellere to exact a penalty from some one: poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo to exact a penalty from some one: poenas expetere ab aliquo to lay down arms: ab armis discedere (Phil. 11. 33) to demand satisfaction, restitution: res repetere (ab aliquo) (Off. 1. 11. 36) to gain a victory over the enemy: victoriam reportare ab hoste putting aside, except: cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab
* Lingua Latina, Hans H. Ørberg, 2005.

## Latvian
### Conjunction

ab
* (archaic) or

#### Synonyms

* vai

### Preposition

ab
* (archaic) around

#### Synonyms

* ap

## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑb/

### Noun

a'b
* (anatomy) shoulder
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    pǟ um abūd vaisõ sizzõl viedtõd
       recoiled, flinched (lit. "head is drawn in shoulders")
* help

#### Usage notes

LĒL also features a partitive plural form with -īdi as in the example abīdi nustõ "to shrug."

#### Declension
## Middle Irish
### Alternative forms

* aband, abann

### Etymology

From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū.

### Noun

ab f (genitive aba)
* river

#### Descendants

* Irish: abha, abhainn
* Manx: awin
* Scottish Gaelic: abhainn

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːb/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːb
* Hyphenation: ab

### Etymology 1

From German ab (“from”), from Middle High German ab, from Old High German ab (“of”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

#### Preposition

ab
* (economics) from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense
    ab Frankfurt ― from Frankfurt
    ab varelager ― from inventory
    ab fabrikk ― from factory
* (economics, obsolete) as of
    ab maias of May

##### Derived terms

* abgeschmackt (“gross, tasteless”)
* abgeschmackthet (“grossness, tastelessness”)

### Etymology 2

From Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

#### Pronunciation

* (modern) IPA: /ˈɑːbə/
* (older) IPA: /ɑˈbeː/
* Audio (modern):(file)
* Audio (older):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːbə, -eː
* Hyphenation: a‧b

#### Preposition

ab
* Only used in ab ovo (“ab ovo”)

### Etymology 3

Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”), verbal noun form of avbetale (“to pay off”), a compound of av +‎ betale, first part av (“of, from, by, off”), from Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + second part betale (“pay, purchase”), from Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”), last part is the suffix -ing (“-ing”), from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.

#### Noun

ab
* (colloquial) Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”).
** 1974, Kari Bakke, Gråspurven, page 22:møbler og vaskemaskin på ABfurniture and washing machine on installments

##### Derived terms

* ab-kjøp
* ab-kontrakt

##### Related terms

* avbetale (“pay in installments”)

### References

* “ab_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “ab_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “ab_3” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “ab” in Store norske leksikon

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* amb
* dab (Gascon)
* damb (Gascon, Aranese)
* ambé (Provençal)
* embé (Provençal, Niçard)

### Etymology

From Latin ab.

### Preposition

ab
* (Guardiol) with

### References

* Pei, Mario A. 1948. Ab and the survival of the Latin genitive in Old Italian. Italica 25. 104–106.

## Old French
### Etymology

Reduced form of Latin apud.

### Preposition

ab
* (10th century) with

#### Synonyms

* avoec (used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods)

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ab.

### Preposition

ab
* of

#### Descendants

* German: ab
** Norwegian Bokmål: ab

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

Reduced form of Latin apud

### Preposition

ab
* with
** c. 1000, unknown, Lo Poèma de Boecis:Non comprarias ab mil liuras d’argent.[That] you couldn't buy with a thousand pounds of silver.

#### Descendants

* Occitan: amb
* Catalan: amb

## Parauk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap/

### Verb

ab
* to give, hand over.

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German ab, Dutch af, English off.

### Preposition

ab
* off
* from
* away

## Pumpokol
### Noun

ab
* father

## Scots
### Etymology

Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ab/

### Noun

ab (plural abs)
* (Orkney) impediment, hindrance, objection.

### Verb

ab (simple past abed)
* (Orkney) to hinder

### References

* “ab, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)
* Alternative form of aba

## Sumerian
### Romanization

ab
* Romanization of 𒀊 (ab)
* Romanization of 𒀖 (ab)

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* âb

### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آب (āb, “water”), from Persian آب (âb).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)
* (obsolete, poetic) water

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
ab
ablar
definite accusative
abı
abları
dative
aba
ablara
locative
abda
ablarda
ablative
abdan
ablardan
genitive
abın
abların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
abım
ablarım
2nd singular
abın
abların
3rd singular
abı
abları
1st plural
abımız
ablarımız
2nd plural
abınız
ablarınız
3rd plural
abları
abları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
abımı
ablarımı
2nd singular
abını
ablarını
3rd singular
abını
ablarını
1st plural
abımızı
ablarımızı
2nd plural
abınızı
ablarınızı
3rd plural
ablarını
ablarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
abıma
ablarıma
2nd singular
abına
ablarına
3rd singular
abına
ablarına
1st plural
abımıza
ablarımıza
2nd plural
abınıza
ablarınıza
3rd plural
ablarına
ablarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
abımda
ablarımda
2nd singular
abında
ablarında
3rd singular
abında
ablarında
1st plural
abımızda
ablarımızda
2nd plural
abınızda
ablarınızda
3rd plural
ablarında
ablarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
abımdan
ablarımdan
2nd singular
abından
ablarından
3rd singular
abından
ablarından
1st plural
abımızdan
ablarımızdan
2nd plural
abınızdan
ablarınızdan
3rd plural
ablarından
ablarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
abımın
ablarımın
2nd singular
abının
ablarının
3rd singular
abının
ablarının
1st plural
abımızın
ablarımızın
2nd plural
abınızın
ablarınızın
3rd plural
ablarının
ablarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
abım
ablarım
2nd singular
absın
ablarsın
3rd singular
ab abdır
ablar ablardır
1st plural
abız
ablarız
2nd plural
absınız
ablarsınız
3rd plural
ablar
ablardır :

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ab”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from German aber (“but”).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ab/

### Conjunction

ab
* but.

## Welsh
### Etymology

From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ab/

### Prefix

ab
* A patronymic indicator; son of.

#### Usage notes

This form is found before vowels. Before a consonant, the form ap is used.

#### Antonyms

* ach
* ferch

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ab”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Wolof
### Article

ab
* a/an (singular indefinite article)

#### Usage notes

Precedes the noun.