# 龐

| 龐 | U+9F90, &#40848; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F90 |
| ← 龏 [U+9F8F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 龑 → [U+9F91] |

## Translingual
### Han character

龐 (Kangxi radical 212, 龍+3, 19 strokes, cangjie input 戈卜月心 (IYBP), four-corner 0021$_1$, composition ⿸广龍)
* disorderly, messy
* huge, big
* large house
* face

#### Derived characters

* 𧕻

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1537, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48824
* Dae Jaweon: page 2077, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4804, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9F90

## Chinese

* 龐姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Pang (surname) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 龐 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 驡 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 龐 | *broːŋ |
| 瀧 | *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ |
| 籠 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 豅 | *roːŋ |
| 朧 | *roːŋ, *roŋs |
| 龓 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 聾 | *roːŋ |
| 礱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋs |
| 嚨 | *roːŋ |
| 蘢 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 櫳 | *roːŋ |
| 襱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ |
| 瓏 | *roːŋ |
| 曨 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 鸗 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 蠪 | *roːŋ |
| 巃 | *roːŋʔ |
| 竉 | *roːŋʔ |
| 攏 | *roːŋʔ |
| 儱 | *roːŋʔ, *roŋs |
| 龍 | *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ |
| 躘 | *roŋ, *roŋs |
| 隴 | *roŋʔ |
| 壠 | *roŋʔ |
| 壟 | *roŋʔ |
| 寵 | *r̥ʰoŋʔ |
| 龏 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *broːŋ): semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páng (pang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): pong$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pang$^2$ / pang$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phâng / pâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pang$^5$ / bong$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$
*** Yale: páng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰɔŋ¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phâng
*** Tâi-lô: phâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phaang
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰaŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâng
*** Tâi-lô: pâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paang
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /paŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pang$^5$ / bong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phâng / pông
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /poŋ⁵⁵/
* pang5 - literary (including surname);
* bong5 - vernacular ("bad facial expression").
* Middle Chinese: baewng
Rime :
| Character | 龐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 薄江切 |
| Baxter | baewng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | páng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤroŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*broːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 龐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | páng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bæwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁroŋ/ |
| English | huge |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 龐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8409 |
| Phonetic component | 龍 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 龐 |
| Old Chinese | /*broːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

龐
* huge; big
* disorderly; messy
* shape of the face; facial contours
* a surname
    龐德／庞德 ― Páng Dé ― Pang De (military general during the late Eastern Han dynasty)

#### Synonyms

* (huge):
* 光大 (guāngdà)
* 宏大 (hóngdà)
* 寬大 / 宽大 (kuāndà)
* 寬闊 / 宽阔 (kuānkuò)
* 巨大 (jùdà)
* 廣 / 广
* 廣大 / 广大 (guǎngdà)
* 廣闊 / 广阔 (guǎngkuò)
* 龐大 / 庞大 (pángdà)
* 洪大 (hóngdà)
* 浩大 (hàodà)
* 無邊 / 无边 (wúbiān)
* 甚大 (shèndà) (literary)
* 莽莽 (mǎngmǎng)
* 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 薄海 (bóhǎi) (literary, figurative, of an area)
* 遼闊 / 辽阔 (liáokuò)
* (shape of the face):
* 臉龐 / 脸庞 (liǎnpáng)
* 臉盤 / 脸盘 (liǎnpán) (colloquial)
* 臉膛兒 / 脸膛儿 (liǎntángr) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 面龐 / 面庞 (miànpáng)
* 面架子 ($^6$mi-ka-tsy) (Wu)

#### Compounds

* 俊龐兒 / 俊庞儿
* 奇龐福艾 / 奇庞福艾
* 龐克 / 庞克 (pángkè)
* 龐克頭 / 庞克头
* 龐兒 / 庞儿
* 龐公 / 庞公 (Pánggōng)
* 龐大 / 庞大 (pángdà)
* 龐大無比 / 庞大无比
* 龐龐 / 庞庞
* 龐德 / 庞德
* 龐德公 / 庞德公
* 龐然 / 庞然
* 龐然大物 / 庞然大物 (pángrándàwù)
* 龐琴曲線 / 庞琴曲线
* 龐眉白髮 / 庞眉白发
* 龐眉皓首 / 庞眉皓首
* 龐眉皓髮 / 庞眉皓发
* 龐貝 / 庞贝 (Pángbèi)
* 龐貝壁畫 / 庞贝壁画
* 龐道 / 庞道
* 龐雜 / 庞杂 (pángzá)
* 打腫臉龐 / 打肿脸庞
* 月貌花龐 / 月貌花庞
* 淳龐 / 淳庞
* 臉龐 / 脸庞 (liǎnpáng)
* 面龐 / 面庞 (miànpáng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lóng (long$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
*** Wade–Giles: lung$^2$
*** Yale: lúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
*** Palladius: лун (lun)
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ³⁵/

#### Definitions

龐
* Used in 龐龐／庞庞 (lónglóng).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* disorderly
* messy
* huge
* big

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō)、る (ru)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)、ろう (rō)
* Kun: たかどの (takadono)

## Korean
### Hanja

龐 • (bang, nong) (hangeul 방, 농, revised bang, nong, McCune–Reischauer pang, nong, Yale pang, nong)
* disorderly
* huge, big
* high

## Vietnamese
### Han character

龐: Hán Việt readings: bàng
* chữ Hán form of bàng (“used in Chinese derived compounds to mean big, large, disorderly, messy or to refer to the face”).
* chữ Hán form of Bàng (“referring to the Hồng Bàng dynasty and the associated surname”).

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).