# նապաստակ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* dialectal forms recorded in dialectological notation
** նաբասդագ (nabasdag) — Sivas
** լափուստագ (lapʻustag) — Partizak
** լափուսդօգ (lapʻusdōg), լափուսդոգ (lapʻusdog) — Zeitun
** լապըստրակ (lapəstrak) — Salmas, Van
** լապըստրագ (lapəstrag) — Bulanık
** լապուստրակ (lapustrak) — Tbilisi
** լապըզտըրակ (lapəztərak) — Vozm
** լաբըստըրագ (labəstərag) — Mush
** լաբըզդըրագ (labəzdərag) — Alashkert
** լափըստրակ (lapʻəstrak) — Akhaltsikhe
** լըպըստրակ (ləpəstrak), լըպըզտրակ (ləpəztrak) — Moks
** ալապըստրակ (alapəstrak) — Ararat
** ըլըպա՛զտրակ (ələpáztrak) — Agulis
** ըլըբա՛ստրակ (ələbástrak) — Goris, Karabakh
** ապալօստրակ (apalōstrak) — Julfa
* dialectal forms recorded in any other notation
** լապստրակ (lapstrak) — Ararat, Mush, Van, Çatak, Erzurum
** լաբըստագ (labəstag) — Mush
** լապսդրակ (lapsdrak) — Sasun
** լապստակ (lapstak) — Sivas, Khotorjur, Ardeal
** լապզտրակ (lapztrak) — Ahlat, Alashkert, Van
** լափստրակ (lapʻstrak) — Urmia
** լափուստակ (lapʻustak) — Partizak
** ըլբաստրակ (əlbastrak) — Karabakh
** ալապաստրակ (alapastrak), ալափստրակ (alapʻstrak) — Ararat
** նապստակ (napstak)
** նապըստակ (napəstak)
** լամպըստակ (lampəstak)
** լապսթրակ (lapstʻrak)

### Etymology

The literary form նապաստակ (napastak) is a learned borrowing from Old Armenian նապաստակ (napastak). Most of the dialectal forms are inherited from Old Armenian *նապարստակ (*naparstak), in some cases via Middle Armenian լապաստակ (lapastak) and its parallel forms.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /nɑpɑsˈtɑk/, [nɑpɑstɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /nɑbɑsˈdɑɡ/, [nɑbɑstɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

նապաստակ • (napastak)
* hare (Lepus)
    նապաստակի ականջ ― napastaki akanǰ ― chanterelle, Cantharellus cibarius
** ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 25:լապսթրակ․ լիէվրօlapstʻrak; liēvrōլապսթրակ (lapstʻrak) = lievro

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orengo, Alessandro (2019) “Il ԲԱՌ ԳԻՐԳ ՏԱԼԻԱՆԻ Un dizionario armeno-italiano del XVII secolo”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, page 226

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “նապաստակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 405a
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “նապաստակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 428b
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2002), “լապստակ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 202b
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1998) “նապաստակ”, in Kendanineri anunneri hayeren-ṙuseren-latineren kargabanakan baṙaran. Girkʻ A. Katʻnasunner [An Armenian–Russian–Latin Taxonomic Dictionary of Animal Names. Book I. Mammals] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Pyunik, § 146, page 19
* Nierszesovicz, Deodatus (1695) “lepus”, in Dictionarium Latino-Armenum [Latin–Armenian Dictionary], Rome: Typographia Sacrae Congregationis de Propaganda Fide, page 301a, glossed as լապսթրակ (lapstʻrak)

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* լապըստկանք pl (lapəstkankʻ) — post-Classical

### Etymology

Ačaṙyan reconstructs the older form of the word as *նապարստակ (*naparstak), from which he explains the Middle Armenian and dialectal forms in լ- (l-) as a dissimilation of ն... ր... (n... r...) to լ... ր... (l... r...). The -ր- (-r-) was lost before a sibilant but survived in dialects thanks to a metathesis. Because լ- (l-) is not old Ačaṙyan rejects the attempts to connect with Latin lepus and leaves the origin open. Olsen remarks that the word has an appearance of an Iranian loan (compare the ending -ակ (-ak)) but the exact source has not been definitely established.

### Noun

նապաստակ • (napastak)
* hare (Lepus)
** 5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʻ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War] Chapter 2:շնջրիք եւ աղուէսք եւ նապաստակք մի՛ մեռցին։šnǰrikʻ ew ałuēskʻ ew napastakkʻ mí meṙcʻin.Translation by Robert W. ThomsonOtters, foxes, and hares shall not be killed.

#### Descendants

* Armenian: նապաստակ (napastak) (see there for more forms)
* Middle Armenian: լապաստակ (lapastak) (see there for more forms)

#### See also

* ճագար (čagar)

### References

* ↑ Ełišē (1957) E. Tēr-Minasean, editor, Vasn Vardanay ew hayocʻ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War], Yerevan: Academy Press, page 52
* ↑ Thomson, Robert W. (1982) Ełišē, History of Vardan and the Armenian War (Harvard Armenian texts and studies; 5)‎, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Harvard University Press, page 104

### Further reading

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “նապաստակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 523–524
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “նապաստակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 405a
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “նապաստակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 428b
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 245–246