# زند
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zng /⁠zang⁠/, “ankle, shank”).

### Noun

زَنْد • (zand) m (plural زِنَاد (zinād) or أَزْنُد (ʔaznud) or أَزْنَاد (ʔaznād)) (countable)
* a combustible typically wooden rod for making fire through friction (as in drilling)
    قَدَحَ بِزَنْدٍ نَارًا فِي اللَّيْلِqadaḥa bizandin nāran fī l-layliHe kindled with a rod a fire in the night.
    Synonyms: مِقْدَاح (miqdāḥ), زِنَاد (zinād)
** (Can we date this quote?), السيرة النبوية لابن هشام [Ibn Hišām's Chronicle of the Life of the Prophet]:وَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِكِنَانَةَ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ كَنْزُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ. فَجَحَدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ يَعْرِفُ مَكَانَهُ ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - رَجُلٌ مِنْ يَهُودَ ، فَقَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إنِّي رَأَيْتُ كِنَانَةَ يُطِيفُ بِهَذِهِ الْخَرِبَةِ كُلَّ غَدَاةٍ ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِكِنَانَةَ : أَرَأَيْتُ إنْ وَجَدْنَاهُ عِنْدَكَ ، أَأَقْتُلُكَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْخَرِبَةِ فَحُفِرَتْ ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا بَعْضَ كَنْزِهِمْ ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَمَّا بَقِيَ ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَهُ ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ ، فَقَالَ : عَذِّبْهُ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْصِلَ مَا عِنْدَهُ فَكَانَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَقْدَحُ بِزَنْدٍ فِي صَدْرِهِ ، حَتَّى أَشْرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ بِأَخِيهِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ .waʔutiya rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - bikinānata bni r-rabīʕi, wakāna ʕindahu kanzu banī n-naḍīri, fasaʔalahu ʕanhu. fajaḥada ʔan yakūna yaʕrifu makānahu , faʔatā rasūla l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - rajulun min yahūda , faqāla lirasūli l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - : ʔinnī raʔaytu kinānata yuṭīfu bihaḏihi l-ḵaribati kulla ḡadātin ; faqāla rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - likinānata : ʔaraʔaytu ʔin wajadnāhu ʕindaka , ʔaʔaqtuluka ? qāla : naʕam . faʔamara rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - bi-l-ḵaribati faḥufirat , faʔaḵraja minhā baʕḍa kanzihim , ṯumma saʔalahu ʕammā baqiya , faʔabā ʔan yuʔaddiyahu , faʔamara bihi rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - az-zubayra bna l-ʕawwāmi , faqāla : ʕaḏḏibhu ḥattā tastaʔṣila mā ʕindahu fakāna z-zubayru yaqdaḥu bizandin fī ṣadrihi , ḥattā ʔašrafa ʕalā nafsihi , ṯumma dafaʕahu rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - ʔilā muḥammadi bni maslamata , faḍaraba ʕunuqahu biʔaḵīhi maḥmūdi bni maslamata .Then the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—brought Kinānah ibn al-Rabīʿ, who had the treasures of Banū al-Naḍīr, and he [the Prophet] asked him about it. Yet he [Kinānah] denied that he knew where it was. Then a man from the Jews came to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and he [the man] said to him, "I saw Kinānah ambling around some ruins every dayspring. Thus, the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said to Kinānah, "What would you say if we did find it with you? Should I then kill you?" So he [Kinānah] said, "Yes!" Thus, the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—ordered that the ruins be dug, and brought out some of their treasures. Then he [the Prophet] asked him [Kinānah] about the remainder, yet he [Kinānah] refused to hand it over. Thereafter, the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—called al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām and said to him, "Torture him till you get it out of him!" And so al-Zubayr would sear and brand him with a [fiery] rod in his chest until he was about to kill him. Then the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—passed him [Kinānah] to Muḥammad ibn Maslamah, and he [Muḥammad ibn Maslamah] struck his neck, avenging his brother, Maḥmūd ibn Maslamah.
** the trigger of a gun with which it is fired
    دَاسَ عَلَى ٱلزَّنْدِ فَقَتَلَهُمَاdāsa ʕalā z-zandi faqatalahumāHe squeezed the trigger and killed them both.
    يَدُسُّ المُسَدَّسَ فِي فَمِهِ وَيَضْغَطُ الزِّنَادَyadussu l-musaddasa fī famihi wayaḍḡaṭu z-zinādaHe puts the gun in his mouth and pulls the trigger
    دَقَّ ٱلزَّنْدَ وَأَطْلَقَ النَّار.daqqa z-zanda waʔaṭlaqa n-nār.He pulled the trigger and discharged the gun.
* (anatomy, of primates, obsolete) either of the two bones of the forearm, the ulna or the radius
    Synonym: زَانِد (zānid)
* (anatomy, of primates, Modern Standard Arabic) the comparatively longer and thinner long bone of the two bones in the forearm that is connected with the carpus at the wrist joint and with the humerus at the elbow joint, the ulna
    Coordinate term: كُعْبُرَة (kuʕbura, “the comparatively thicker long bone in the forearm that articulates with the scaphoid in the carpus, the radius”)
    فِي ذِرَاعِ ٱلْإِنْسَانِ ثَلَاثَةُ عِظَامٍ: اِثْنَتَانِ فِي ٱلسَّاعِدِ ٱسْمَاهُمَا ٱلزَّنْدُ وَٱلْكُعْبُرَةُ وَوَاحِدَةٌ فِي ٱلْعَضُدِ.fī ḏirāʕi l-ʔinsāni ṯalāṯatu ʕiẓāmin: iṯnatāni fī s-sāʕidi smāhumā z-zandu wal-kuʕburatu wawāḥidatun fī l-ʕaḍudi.There are three bones in the human arm: two in the lower arm (called the ulna and the radius) and one in the upper arm.

#### Usage notes

* زَنْد (zand) is a singular noun, while زِنَاد (zinād) is either the plural of زَنْد (zand) (on the pattern of such plurals as حِبَال (ḥibāl, “ropes”)) or a singular with the plural أَزْنِدَة (ʔaznida) (similarly to the pluralization of such singulars as وِعَاء (wiʕāʔ, “a container; a vessel”)). Either may be employed to mean "a fire-making rod" or, by extension, "a trigger", though زِنَاد (zinād) is far more common in the latter sense.
* The ulna and radius are often not lexically distinguished in medieval texts. The Modern Arabic scientific vocabulary, however, reserves زَنْد (zand) for the thinner bone (the ulna).

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology 1

Reborrowed from Arabic زَنْد (zand), from Middle Persian [script needed] (zng /⁠zang⁠/, “ankle, shank”). Cognate with English shank.

#### Noun

زند • (zand)
* forearm bone

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, explanation, commentary”), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”), from Avestan verbal root Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬥- (zan-, “to know, to understand”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-ti-. Cognate with Ancient Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis).

#### Noun

زند • (zand)
* exegesis, interpretation

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “zang”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
* Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “زند”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 150

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic زَنْد (zand).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zind/, [zɪnd]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

زند • (zind) m
* wrist
* forearm