# درس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

According to Geiger meanings of interpreting pettily much, the meaning “deuteln”, specifically in Qurʔān 6:105 and Qurʔān 6:156, are a semantic loan from Hebrew דָּרַשׁ (dāráś).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.ra.sa/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I (non-past يَدْرُسُ (yadrusu), verbal noun دَرْس (dars) or دِرَاس (dirās) or دِرَاسَة (dirāsa))
* to erase, to efface, to obliterate, to wipe out, to make hard to see
* to thresh, to flail
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 416:وَأَمَّا المُصَنَّبُ فَيُؤْخَذُ الصِنَابُ الْحَدِيثُ وَيُجْتَنَبُ الْقَدِيمُ وَيُغْسَلُ حَبُّهُ بِالْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَيُجَفَّفُ ثُمَّ يُدْرَسُ وَيُغَرْبَلُ ثُمَّ يُعْمَدُ إِلَى الْمُصْطَارِ الْحُلْوِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْحَلَاوَةِ فَيُمْلِئ مِنْهُ خَابِيَةً وَيُقَسَّمُ ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابُ أَقْسَامًا ثَلَاثَةً وَيُجْعَلُ كُلُّ ثُلْثٍ فِي خَرِيطَةٍ وَيُرْبَطُ فِي قَصَبَةٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ وَيُذْرَى مِن ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُصْطَارِ فِي أَعْلَا الْخَابِيَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ وَيَنْعَقِدَ.wa-ʔammā l-muṣannabu fayuʔḵaḏu ṣ-ṣinābu l-ḥadīṯu wa-yujtanabu l-qadīmu wa-yuḡsalu ḥabbu-hū bi-l-māʔi l-ʕaḏbi wa-yujaffafu ṯumma yudrasu wa-yuḡarbalu ṯumma yuʕmadu ʔilā l-muṣṭāri l-ḥulwi l-ḡāyati fī l-ḥalāwati fa-yumliʔ min-hu ḵābiyatan wa-yuqassamu ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābu ʔaqsāman ṯalāṯatan wa-yujʕalu kullu ṯulṯin fī ḵarīṭatin wa-yurbaṭu fī qaṣabatin miṯla mā taqaddama wa-yuḏrā min ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābi ʕalā wajhi l-muṣṭāri fī ʔaʕlā l-ḵābiyati ḥattā yustara wa-yanʕaqida.In what concerns the mustard preparation, one takes new mustard, avoiding the old, and cleans its grains with sweet water and dries them, then one threshes and sieves it, thereafter puts it to must of utmost sweetness, and it fills from it a vessel, and this mustard is dealt into three portions, of which all thirds are transferred into a pouch tied up with a cane in the way said earlier, and from this mustard one sews onto the must’s surface in the upper part of the vessel until it is covered and thickens.
* to study, to learn
    يَدْرُسُ ٱلْهَنْدَسَةَ فِي ٱلْجَامِعَةِ.yadrusu l-handasata fī l-jāmiʕati.He studies engineering at the university.

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I (non-past يَدْرُسُ (yadrusu), verbal noun دُرُوس (durūs))
* to become erased, to become effaced, to become obliterated, to become wiped out, to become hard to see

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dar.ra.sa/

#### Verb

دَرَّسَ • (darrasa) II (non-past يُدَرِّسُ (yudarrisu), verbal noun تَدْرِيس (tadrīs))
* (ditransitive) to teach, to educate

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dars/

#### Noun

دَرْس • (dars) m (plural دُرُوس (durūs))
* verbal noun of دَرَسَ (darasa) (form I)
* study, studies
* lesson
* class, class hour, period
* lecture

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: դարս (dars) (Karadagh)
* → Azerbaijani: dərs
* → Bashkir: дәрес (dəres)
* → Hausa: dar̃àsī
* → Kazakh: дәріс (därıs)
* → Kyrgyz: дарыс (darıs)
* → Nogai: дерис (deris)
* → Northern Kurdish: ders
* → Ottoman Turkish: درس (ders)
** Turkish: ders
** → Laz: დერსი (dersi)
* → Persian: درس (dars)
* → Swahili: darasa
* → Tatar: дәрес (däres)
* → Turkmen: ders
* → Uyghur: دەرس (ders)
* → Uzbek: dars

### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dirs/

#### Noun

دِرْس • (dirs) m (plural أَدْرَاس (ʔadrās))
* relic, trace, mark (of a thing effaced)
* tail

##### Declension
### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “درس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 433
* Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, pages 50–51
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “درس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 870–871
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “درس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 321

## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

### Noun

درس • (darsun)
* lesson

### See also

* سبک (sabak)
* سبق (sabaq)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

### Noun

درس • (ders)
* lesson
* lecture

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ders
* → Laz: დერსი (dersi)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [daɾs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɹs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɹs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äɹs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äɹs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æɹs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äɹs]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

درس • (dars)
* lesson
    درس اول ― dars-e avval ― first lesson
* lecture
* (agriculture) threshing, act of separation of grain from the straw or husks by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery.

#### Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of درس (dars) (Iranian Persian) :
Basic forms of درس
singular
plural
bare
درس (dars)
درس‌ها، درسا$^△$ (dars-hấ, darsấ$^△$)
definitive direct object
درس را، درس رو$^△$ (dars râ, darso$^△$)
درس‌ها را، درسا رو$^△$ (dars-hấ râ, darsấ ro$^△$)
ezâfe
درس (dars-e)
درس‌های، درسای$^△$ (dars-hấ-ye, darsấ-ye$^△$)
marked indefinite or relative definite
درسی (dars-i)
درس‌هایی، درسایی$^△$ (darsấn-i, dars-hấ-i, darsấi$^△$)
$^△$ Colloquial. :

#### Derived terms

* درس خواندن (dars xândan)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic دَرَسَ (darasa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.ras/, [ˈda.ras]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

درس • (daras) I (present بدرس (bodros))
* to study
    لازم ندرس الموضوع منيح. ― lāzem nodros il-mawḍūʕ mnīḥ. ― We must study the subject well.
* (by extension) to learn
    Synonym: تعلم (tʕallam)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dars/, [dars]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

درس • (dars) m (plural دروس (drūs))
* lesson
* study