# cár
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), ultimately from Latin Caesar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡saːr]
* Rhymes: -aːr

### Noun

cár (plural cárok)
* tsar, czar, tzar

#### Derived terms

* cári
* cárné
* cárnő

#### Related terms

* cárevics
* cárevna

### Further reading

* cár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* cár in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

### Anagrams

* rác

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Ulster) IPA: /kaːɾˠ/
* Homophone: carr

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

cár m (genitive singular cáir or cárach)
* mouth (showing teeth); grin, grimace
* (collective) teeth; set of teeth

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
cár
vocative
a cháir
genitive
cáir
dative
cár
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an cár
genitive
an cháir
dative
leis an gcár don chár :

##### Derived terms

* cáraí m (“grinner, grimacer”)

### Etymology 2

From cá +‎ -r.

#### Adverb

cár
* where
    Cár chodail tú aréir? ― Where did you sleep last night?
    Cár chuala tú é sin? ― Where did you hear that?

##### Usage notes

Used only with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs. Triggers lenition of a following consonant.

#### Particle

cár (copular form used before a consonant, present/future form used before a vowel cárb, past/conditional form used before a vowel cárbh)
* where is..., what is...
    Cár locht ortsa é? ― What fault is it of yours?
* where was/would be..., what was/would be
    Cár thairbhe domsa é? ― What would it profit me?
    Cár chás má dúirt sé é? ― What would it matter if he said it?

##### Related terms

Present/future :
| | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
| Main clauses | is | ní | an | nach |
| Direct relative clauses | is | nach | | |
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arb$^v$ | nach | | |
| Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurb$^v$ | nach | an | nach |
| Past/conditional |||||
| | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
| Main clauses | ba, b’$^v$ | níor, níorbh$^v$ | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ |
| Direct relative clauses | ba, ab$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | | |
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | | |
| Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ |
| Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive | | |
| | Affirmative | Negative | | |
| | gura, gurab$^v$ | nára, nárab$^v$ | | |
| Base word | Present/future | Past/conditional |
| cá | cár, cárb$^v$ | cár, cárbh$^v$ |
| cé | cér, cérb$^v$ | cér, cérbh$^v$ |
| dá | | dá mba, dá mb’$^v$ |
| de/do | dar, darb$^v$ | dar, darbh$^v$ |
| faoi | faoinar, faoinarb$^v$ | faoinar, faoinarbh$^v$ |
| i | inar, inarb$^v$ | inar, inarbh$^v$ |
| le | lenar, lenarb$^v$ | lenar, lenarbh$^v$ |
| má | más | má ba, má b’$^v$ |
| mura | mura, murab$^v$ | murar, murarbh$^v$ |
| ó (prep.) | ónar, ónarb$^v$ | ónar, ónarbh$^v$ |
| ó (conj.) | ós | ó ba, ó b’$^v$ |
| trí | trínar, trínarb$^v$ | trínar, trínarbh$^v$ |
$^v$ Used before vowel sounds :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 267, page 95

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Slovak
### Etymology

Derived from Russian царь (carʹ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡saːr/

### Noun

cár m pers (female equivalent cárovná)
* emperor of Russia
* emperor of Bulgaria
* czar / tsar / tzar

#### Derived terms

* cárov
* cárovič m
* cárica f
* cárik m
* cársky
* cárstvo n

#### See also

* cisár n

### References

* “cár”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025