# 政治
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhèngzhì
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җынҗы (žɨnžɨ, III-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ zi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳn-chhṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): zhin$^ˇ$ chi$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zen$^4$ ci$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): céng-dê
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^4$ di$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chèng-tǐ / chèng-tī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^3$ di$^7$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$tsen-zy$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzhì → zhèngzhi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˋ → ㄓㄥˋ ˙ㄓ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngjhi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-chih$^5$
*** Yale: jèng-jr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq.jyh
*** Palladius: чжэнчжи (čžɛnčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$政治 正治
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җынҗы (žɨnžɨ, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ zi$^6$
*** Yale: jing jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$政治 正字 正治 正自
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-chhṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziin cii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zin$^4$ ci$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhin$^ˇ$ chi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ t͡ʃʰi³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zen$^4$ ci$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sən⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: céng-dê
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(t-)}$nɛi²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^4$ di$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci̍ng-dī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁴² ti²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-tǐ
*** Tâi-lô: tsìng-tǐ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-tī
*** Tâi-lô: tsìng-tī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeangdi
*** IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^3$ di$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsèng tī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ti¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsen-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: tsen$^去$ zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsen-zr$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³³ zz̩⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sən⁴⁴ zz̩²¹/

### Noun

政治
* politics
    身份政治 ― shēnfèn zhèngzhì ― identity politics
    政治面貌 ― zhèngzhì miànmào ― political affiliation
    政治體系／政治体系 ― zhèngzhì tǐxì ― political system
    政治格局 ― zhèngzhì géjú ― political landscape
    政治計謀／政治计谋 ― zhèngzhì jìmóu ― political plot
    政治舞臺／政治舞台 ― zhèngzhì wǔtái ― political arena
    政治傾向／政治倾向 ― zhèngzhì qīngxiàng ― political leanings
    政治導向／政治导向 ― zhèngzhì dǎoxiàng ― political orientation
    政治正當性／政治正当性 ― zhèngzhì zhèngdàngxìng ― political legitimacy
    民族政治 ― mínzú zhèngzhì ― ethnopolitical
       Nǐ shì wénhuàrén, bù shìhé gǎo zhèngzhì. [Pinyin]
       You are a cultured person — not suited to politics.
       Zhōngguó rénmín zhèngzhì xiéshāng huìyì [Pinyin]
       Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
       Tā zài zhèngzhì shàng yǒu hěn dà de yěxīn. [Pinyin]
       She has great political ambitions.

#### Derived terms

* 地緣政治 / 地缘政治 (dìyuán zhèngzhì)
* 多頭政治 / 多头政治 (duōtóu zhèngzhì)
* 寡頭政治 / 寡头政治 (guǎtóu zhèngzhì)
* 強權政治 / 强权政治 (qiángquán zhèngzhì)
* 政治光譜 / 政治光谱 (zhèngzhì guāngpǔ)
* 政治制度 (zhèngzhì zhìdù)
* 政治化 (zhèngzhìhuà)
* 政治婚姻 (zhèngzhì hūnyīn)
* 政治學 / 政治学 (zhèngzhìxué)
* 政治家 (zhèngzhìjiā)
* 政治局 (zhèngzhìjú)
* 政治庇護 / 政治庇护 (zhèngzhì bìhù)
* 政治性 (zhèngzhìxìng)
* 政治文明 (zhèngzhì wénmíng)
* 政治權利 / 政治权利 (zhèngzhì quánlì)
* 政治正確 / 政治正确 (zhèngzhì zhèngquè)
* 政治犯 (zhèngzhìfàn)
* 政治界 (zhèngzhìjiè)
* 政治真空 (zhèngzhì zhēnkōng)
* 政治經濟學 / 政治经济学 (zhèngzhì jīngjìxué)
* 政治迫害 (zhèngzhì pòhài)
* 政治避難 / 政治避难 (zhèngzhì bìnàn)
* 政治面目 (zhèngzhì miànmù)
* 政治面貌 (zhèngzhì miànmào)
* 政治體制 / 政治体制 (zhèngzhì tǐzhì)
* 政治體系 / 政治体系 (zhèngzhì tǐxì)
* 權力政治 / 权力政治 (quánlì zhèngzhì)
* 民主政治 (mínzhǔ zhèngzhì)
* 現實政治 / 现实政治 (xiànshí zhèngzhì)
* 精英政治 (jīngyīng zhèngzhì)
* 貴族政治 / 贵族政治 (guìzú zhèngzhì)
* 身份政治 (shēnfèn zhèngzhì)

#### Descendants

* → Zhuang: cwngci

### Adjective

政治
* (colloquial) politically charged (of content); politically motivated (of a person)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 政 | 治 |
| せい Grade: 5 | じ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーじ [sèéjí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːʑi]

#### Noun

政(せい)治(じ) • (seiji) (uncountable)
* politics

##### Derived terms

* 政治学(せいじがく) (seijigaku, “the study of politics”)
* 政治家(せいじか) (seijika, “politician”)

##### Descendants

* → Okinawan: 政治
* → Chinese: 政治 (zhèngzhì)
* → Korean: 정치 (jeongchi)
* → Vietnamese: chính trị

#### See also

* 国会(こっかい) (kokkai): the diet (of Japan)
* 米国議会(べいこくぎかい) (beikokugikai): the Congress (of USA)
* 英国議会(えいこくぎかい) (eikokugikai): the Parliament (of UK)
* 衆議院(しゅうぎいん) (shūgiin): the house of representatives (of Japan)
* 参議院(さんぎいん) (sangīn): the house of Councilors (of Japan)
* 永田町(ながたちょう) (nagatachō): Nagata-chō
* 議員(ぎいん) (gīn): member of the Diet, Congress or Parliament

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 政 | 治 |
| まさ Grade: 5 | はる Grade: 4 |
| nanori ||

#### Proper noun

政(まさ)治(はる) • (Masaharu)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 政 | 治 |

### Noun

政治 • (jeongchi) (hangeul 정치)
* hanja form of 정치 (“politics”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 政 | 治 |
| しー Grade: 5 | じ Grade: 4 |

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 政治 (seiji).

### Noun

政(しー)治(じ) (shīji)
* politics
* government
    沖(うち)縄(なー)ぬ政(しー)治(じ)
       Uchinā nu shīji
       Okinawan politics, Okinawan government

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 政 | 治 |

### Noun

政治
* chữ Hán form of chính trị (“politics”).