# file
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /faɪl/, [faɪ̯(ə)ɫ]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪl

### Etymology 1

From Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of filum.

#### Noun

file (plural files)
* A collection of papers collated and archived together.
** c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:It is upon a file with the duke's other letters.
** 1968 April 5, Paul Simon, “Mrs. Robinson”, in Bookends‎, performed by Simon & Garfunkel:We'd like to know a little bit about you for our files We'd like to help you learn to help yourself
* A roll or list.
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:a file of all the gentry
* A course of thought; a thread of narration.
** 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers:Let me resume the file of my narration.
* (computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.
    I'm going to delete these unwanted files to free up some disk space.
* (computing) The primary item on the menu bar, containing commands such as open, save, print, etc.
* A row of modular kitchen units and a countertop, consisting of cabinets and appliances below (dishwasher) and next to (stove/cooker) a countertop.
    Many homes now have double-file kitchens.
* (Canada, US) Clipping of file cabinet.
** 2010, Beth Critchley Charlton, Englaging the DisEngaged‎, page 71:The Nonfiction Vertical File: […] I spent my university years working in the library at the Maritime School of Social Work. One of my responsibilities was to keep the library's vertical file up to date. The vertical file was a cabinet full of current newspaper and magazine clippings on topics of interest to the students and faculty of the school.

##### Synonyms

* (collection): document, paper

##### Hyponyms

* accordion file
* audio file
* barrel file
* batch file
* binary file
* box file
* cabinet file
* casefile
* chronofile
* circular file
* code file
* datafile
* destination file
* diff file
* dirt file
* dotfile
* dropfile
* fact file
* factfile
* file 13
* flat file
* goat file
* header file
* hosts file
* hypertext file
* Jenkinsfile
* kill file
* long file name
* make file
* patch file
* pseudofile
* round file
* sequential file
* serial file
* sidecar file
* source code file
* source file
* swap file
* system file
* text file
* tickler file
* tub file
* .txt file
* video file
* zip file

##### Derived terms

* backfile
* case file
* device file
* file allocation table
* file association
* file cabinet
* file card
* file carving
* file clerk
* file descriptor
* file-drawer problem
* file extension
* file film
* file folder
* file footage
* file format
* Filegate
* filegroup
* file handle
* filehandle
* fileless
* filelike
* file manager
* filemark
* filemask
* file name
* filename
* filepath
* file photo
* file photograph
* file picker
* file pointer
* file section
* fileserver
* file server
* fileset
* filesharer
* file sharing
* file shredder
* file size
* filespace
* filestore
* file system
* filesystem
* file type
* filetype
* file video
* file videotape
* fileworthy
* helpfile
* logfile
* mailfile
* metafile
* mindfile
* molfile
* multifile
* notefile
* on file
* page file
* paging file
* PDF file
* per-file
* run someone's file
* savefile
* scorefile
* shapefile
* sigfile
* subfile
* swipe file
* tarfile

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: ֆայլ (fayl)
* → Azerbaijani: fayl
* → Belarusian: файл (fajl)
* → Bulgarian: файл (fajl)
* → Bengali: ফাইল (phail)
* → Burmese: ဖိုင် (hpuing)
* → Dutch: file
* → Estonian: fail
* → Finnish: faili
* → German: File
* → Hindi: फ़ाइल (fāil)
* → Hungarian: fájl
* → Italian: file
* → Japanese: ファイル (fairu)
* → Korean: 파일 (pail)
* → Lao: ໄຟລ໌ (fain)
* → Latvian: fails
* → Lithuanian: failas
* → Macedonian: фајл (fajl)
* → Malay: fail
* → Maltese: fajl
* → Oromo: faayila
* → Persian: فایل (fâyl)
* → Portuguese: file
* → Russian: файл (fajl)
** → Kazakh: файл (fail)
** → Kyrgyz: файл (fayl)
** → Mongolian: файл (fajl)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: фајл
    Latin script: fajl
* → Slovak: fajl
* → Swahili: faili
* → Tajik: файл (fayl)
* → Thai: ไฟล์ (faai)
* → Turkmen: faýl
* → Ukrainian: файл (fajl)
* → Urdu: فائل (fāil)
* → Uzbek: fayl
* → Welsh: ffeil

##### Translations
#### Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
* (transitive) To commit (official papers) to some office.
    She filed their accounts yesterday.
** 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:The episode’s unwillingness to fully commit to the pathos of the Bart-and-Laura subplot is all the more frustrating considering its laugh quota is more than filled by a rollicking B-story that finds Homer, he of the iron stomach and insatiable appetite, filing a lawsuit against The Frying Dutchman when he’s hauled out of the eatery against his will after consuming all of the restaurant’s shrimp (plus two plastic lobsters).
* (transitive) (of a journalist) To submit (an article) to a newspaper or similar publication.
    I filed my copy soon after the interview.
* (transitive) To place in an archive in a logical place and order.
    Troves of documents filed away in the depository.
* (transitive) To store a file (aggregation of data) on a storage medium such as a disc or another computer.
* (intransitive, with for, chiefly law) To submit a formal request to some office.
    She filed for divorce the next day.
    The company filed for bankruptcy when the office opened on Monday.
    They filed for a refund under their warranty.
* (transitive, obsolete) To set in order; to arrange, or lay away.
** 1606, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Woman-Hater”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:I would have my several courses and my dishes well filed.

##### Derived terms

* enfile
* fileable
* file away
* filing clerk
* filing fee
* filings
* interfile
* misfile
* prefile
* refile
* unfile
* unfiled

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).

#### Noun

file (plural files)
* A column of people one behind another, whether "single file" or in a grid pattern.
    Antonym: rank
    The troops marched in Indian file.
* (military) A small detachment of soldiers.
* (chess) One of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).
    Antonym: rank

##### Derived terms

* closed file
* double file
* e-file
* file-card
* file closer
* half-open file
* Indian file
* open file
* ranger file
* rank and file
* semi-open file
* single file

##### Translations
#### Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
* (intransitive) To move in a file.
    The applicants kept filing into the room until it was full.

##### Derived terms

* file in
* file off the serial numbers
* file out
* file past
* file with
* unfiled

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Middle English file, fyle, from Old English fēl, fēol (“file”), from earlier fīil, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō, *finhilō (“file, rasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to adorn, form”). Cognate with West Frisian file (“file”), Dutch vijl (“file”), German Feile (“file”).

#### Noun

file (plural files)
* A hand tool consisting of a handle to which a block of coarse metal is attached, and used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
* (slang, archaic) A cunning or resourceful person.
** 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:Will is an old file, in spite of his smooth face.
** 1743, Henry Fielding, The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great:The greatest character among them was that of a Pickpocket, or, in truer language, a File.

##### Hyponyms

* rasp

##### Derived terms

* bastard file
* cross file
* filefish
* filelike
* filemaker
* filemaking
* file shell
* filesmith
* file snake
* filetail
* nail file
* pippin file
* rat-tail file
* round file
* saw file

##### Translations
#### Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
* (transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file.
    I'd better file the bottoms of the table legs. Otherwise they will scratch the flooring.
** 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

##### Derived terms

* file down
* file off
* filing
* unfiled

##### Translations
### Etymology 4

From Middle English filen (“to defile”), from Old English fȳlan (“to defile, make foul”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make foul”). More at defile.

#### Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
* (archaic) To defile.
** 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:I cannot thinke […] So true a bird would file ſo faire a neſt, […]
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:for Banquo's issue have I fil'd my mind
* To corrupt.

##### Derived terms

* befile

### Anagrams

* flie, elif, life, lief, Life, Fiel

## Dutch
### Etymology 1

From French file (“line, row”), from Late Latin filare, from Latin filum (“thread”). Related to fileren (“to fillet”) and file (“computer file”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfilə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: fi‧le

#### Noun

file f (plural files, diminutive filetje n)
* traffic jam
* queue

##### Synonyms

* opstopping

### Etymology 2

From English file (“computer file”), from Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin filum (“thread”). Related to fileren (“to fillet”) and file (“queue, traffic jam”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɑi̯l/, /fɛi̯l/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: file

#### Noun

file m (plural files, diminutive filetje n)
* (computing) file (an aggregation of data on a storage device identified by a name)

### Anagrams

* lief

## Esperanto
### Etymology

fil- + -e

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfile]
* Rhymes: -ile
* Hyphenation: fi‧le

### Adverb

file
* filially (in a filial manner or way)

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfileˣ/, [ˈfile̞(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ile
* Hyphenation: fi‧le

### Noun

file
* Alternative form of filee.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of file (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fileeni
fileeni
accusative
nom.
fileeni
fileeni
gen.
fileeni
genitive
fileeni
fileideni fileitteni
partitive
filettäni
fileitäni
inessive
fileessäni
fileissäni
elative
fileestäni
fileistäni
illative
fileeseeni
fileisiini fileihini
adessive
fileelläni
fileilläni
ablative
fileeltäni
fileiltäni
allative
fileelleni
fileilleni
essive
fileenäni
fileinäni
translative
fileekseni
fileikseni
abessive
fileettäni
fileittäni
instructive
comitative
—fileineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fileesi
fileesi
accusative
nom.
fileesi
fileesi
gen.
fileesi
genitive
fileesi
fileidesi fileittesi
partitive
filettäsi
fileitäsi
inessive
fileessäsi
fileissäsi
elative
fileestäsi
fileistäsi
illative
fileeseesi
fileisiisi fileihisi
adessive
fileelläsi
fileilläsi
ablative
fileeltäsi
fileiltäsi
allative
fileellesi
fileillesi
essive
fileenäsi
fileinäsi
translative
fileeksesi
fileiksesi
abessive
fileettäsi
fileittäsi
instructive
comitative
—fileinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fileemme
fileemme
accusative
nom.
fileemme
fileemme
gen.
fileemme
genitive
fileemme
fileidemme fileittemme
partitive
filettämme
fileitämme
inessive
fileessämme
fileissämme
elative
fileestämme
fileistämme
illative
fileeseemme
fileisiimme fileihimme
adessive
fileellämme
fileillämme
ablative
fileeltämme
fileiltämme
allative
fileellemme
fileillemme
essive
fileenämme
fileinämme
translative
fileeksemme
fileiksemme
abessive
fileettämme
fileittämme
instructive
comitative
—fileinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fileenne
fileenne
accusative
nom.
fileenne
fileenne
gen.
fileenne
genitive
fileenne
fileidenne fileittenne
partitive
filettänne
fileitänne
inessive
fileessänne
fileissänne
elative
fileestänne
fileistänne
illative
fileeseenne
fileisiinne fileihinne
adessive
fileellänne
fileillänne
ablative
fileeltänne
fileiltänne
allative
fileellenne
fileillenne
essive
fileenänne
fileinänne
translative
fileeksenne
fileiksenne
abessive
fileettänne
fileittänne
instructive
comitative
—fileinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fileensä
fileensä
accusative
nom.
fileensä
fileensä
gen.
fileensä
genitive
fileensä
fileidensä fileittensä
partitive
filettään filettänsä
fileitään fileitänsä
inessive
fileessään fileessänsä
fileissään fileissänsä
elative
fileestään fileestänsä
fileistään fileistänsä
illative
fileeseensä
fileisiinsä fileihinsä
adessive
fileellään fileellänsä
fileillään fileillänsä
ablative
fileeltään fileeltänsä
fileiltään fileiltänsä
allative
fileelleen fileellensä
fileilleen fileillensä
essive
fileenään fileenänsä
fileinään fileinänsä
translative
fileekseen fileeksensä
fileikseen fileiksensä
abessive
fileettään fileettänsä
fileittään fileittänsä
instructive
comitative
—fileineen fileinensä :

#### Derived terms

* häränfile
* kalafile
* kinkkufile
* paahtofile
* porsaanfile
* silakkafile
* sillifile
* sisäfile
* ulkofile

### Further reading

* “file”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

From fil or the verb filer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fil/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: fil, filent, files, fils, Phil, -phile

### Noun

file f (plural files)
* a line of objects placed one after the other
* (Belgium) traffic jam
    Synonyms: bouchon, embouteillage

#### Derived terms

* chef de file
* faire la file
* file d’attente
* file indienne

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: file (“queue, traffic jam”)
* → English: file (“column of people”)
* → Spanish: fila

### Verb

file
* inflection of filer:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “file”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* fiel

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish fili, from Primitive Irish ᚃᚓᚂᚔᚈᚐᚄ (velitas), from Proto-Celtic *welīts.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfʲɪlʲə/
* (Ulster, also) IPA: /ˈfʲɨ̞lʲə/

### Noun

file m (genitive singular file, nominative plural filí)
* poet

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
file
filí
vocative
a fhile
a fhilí
genitive
file
filí
dative
file
filí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an file
na filí
genitive
an fhile
na bhfilí
dative
leis an bhfile don fhile
leis na filí :
Archaic declension:
bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
file
fileadha
vocative
a fhile
a fhileadha
genitive
fileadh
fileadh
dative
filidh
fileadha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an file
na fileadha
genitive
an fhileadh
na bhfileadh
dative
leis an bhfilidh don fhilidh
leis na fileadha :

#### Derived terms

* filíocht
* pribhléid an fhile (“poetic licence”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fili”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 111
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 39

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “file”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from English file.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfa.il/
* Rhymes: -ail

#### Noun

file m (invariable)
* (computing) file

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.le/
* Rhymes: -ile
* Hyphenation: fì‧le

#### Noun

file f
* plural of fila

### References

* ↑ file in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* elfi

## Northern Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* fele, fileh, fillah, fille

### Etymology

From Arabic فَلَّاح (fallāḥ), from Classical Syriac ܦܠܚܐ (pallāḥā). Sedentary Armenians called so after their way of life by nomadic Kurds. Doublet of pale.

### Noun

| Central Kurdish | فەلە (fele) |
file m or f
* Armenian
* Christian
* peasant, farmer

#### Derived terms

* filekî (Armenian language)
* filetî (Christianity)

### References

* ↑ Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “file”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 195a
* ↑ Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 354

### Further reading

* Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 294b
* Kurdojev, K. K. (1960) “file”, in Курдско-русский словарь [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словарей, page 263a

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From fil f (“a file”).

#### Alternative forms

* fila (a infinitive)

#### Verb

file (present tense filar/filer, past tense fila/filte, past participle fila/filt, passive infinitive filast, present participle filande, imperative file/fil)
* (transitive) To use a file to file.
* (transitive) To rub (making a sound).
* (transitive, figurative) To polish, refine.

### Etymology 2

Probably related to Swedish fil.

#### Noun

file m (definite singular filen, indefinite plural filar, definite plural filane)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “file” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Irish
### Verb

file
* Alternative form of fil

## Picard
### Etymology

From Latin filia.

### Noun

file f (plural files)
* girl
* daughter

#### Related terms

* fiu

## Portuguese
### Verb

file
* inflection of filar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /filéː/
* Hyphenation: fi‧lé

### Noun

filẹ̑ m inan
* fillet

#### Inflection
## Spanish
### Verb

file
* inflection of filar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Swahili
### Verb

-file (infinitive kufile)
* (Sheng) to file (to make a formal request)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From French filée.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.le/, /fiˈle/
* Hyphenation: fi‧le

### Noun

file (definite accusative fileyi, plural fileler)
* A net made of wool, cotton etc.; mesh.
* A meshwork bag used for shopping.
* A hairnet.
* (sports) A net inside the goal in games like association football, handball etc.
* (sports) A net that divides the court in games like tennis, volleyball, badminton etc.

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
file
fileler
definite accusative
fileyi
fileleri
dative
fileye
filelere
locative
filede
filelerde
ablative
fileden
filelerden
genitive
filenin
filelerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
filem
filelerim
2nd singular
filen
filelerin
3rd singular
filesi
fileleri
1st plural
filemiz
filelerimiz
2nd plural
fileniz
fileleriniz
3rd plural
fileleri
fileleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
filemi
filelerimi
2nd singular
fileni
filelerini
3rd singular
filesini
filelerini
1st plural
filemizi
filelerimizi
2nd plural
filenizi
filelerinizi
3rd plural
filelerini
filelerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
fileme
filelerime
2nd singular
filene
filelerine
3rd singular
filesine
filelerine
1st plural
filemize
filelerimize
2nd plural
filenize
filelerinize
3rd plural
filelerine
filelerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
filemde
filelerimde
2nd singular
filende
filelerinde
3rd singular
filesinde
filelerinde
1st plural
filemizde
filelerimizde
2nd plural
filenizde
filelerinizde
3rd plural
filelerinde
filelerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
filemden
filelerimden
2nd singular
filenden
filelerinden
3rd singular
filesinden
filelerinden
1st plural
filemizden
filelerimizden
2nd plural
filenizden
filelerinizden
3rd plural
filelerinden
filelerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
filemin
filelerimin
2nd singular
filenin
filelerinin
3rd singular
filesinin
filelerinin
1st plural
filemizin
filelerimizin
2nd plural
filenizin
filelerinizin
3rd plural
filelerinin
filelerinin :

#### Derived terms

* file bekçisi
* Filenin Sultanları

#### See also

* filament
* sürfile

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “file”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “file”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “file”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1591

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English file.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [faːj˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [faːj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [faːj˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: phai

### Noun

file
* (computing) file