# prohibeo
## Latin
### Etymology

From prō- +‎ habeō (“I have”). Compare Old English forhealdan for the formation.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /proˈhi.be.oː/, [proˈ(ɦ)ɪbeoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /proˈi.be.o/, [proˈiːbeo]

### Verb

prohibeō (present infinitive prohibēre, perfect active prohibuī, supine prohibitum); second conjugation
* to hold back or before, keep or ward off, restrain; avert; prevent, hinder
    Synonyms: impediō, obstō, moror, arceō, cohibeō, supprimō, cūnctor, contineō, dētineō, retineō, refrēnō, tardō, intersaepiō, inclūdō, perimō, obstō, officiō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.540–541:“Hospitiō prohibēmur harēnae; bella cient, prīmāque vetant cōnsistere terrā.”“We [Trojans] are being kept back from the refuge of the beach; [the Carthaginians] provoke hostilities, and they forbid [us] to set foot on the first [part of your] land [i.e., the shoreline].” (Trojan envoy Ilioneus is addressing Queen Dido.)
* to forbid, prohibit
    Synonyms: abdīcō, vetō
    Male etiam, quī peregrīnōs urbibus ūtī prohibent eōsque exterminant.Those who prohibit foreigners from using their cities and expel them also act badly.
* to keep, preserve, defend, protect
    Synonyms: salvō, tūtor, vindicō, servō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, adsum, sustineō, dēfendō, tueor, arceō
    Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.525:“ōrāmus prohibē īnfandōs ā nāvibus ignīs”“We beg [you]: Keep dreadful fires [away] from [our] ships!” (Ilioneus petitions Queen Dido to protect the Trojan fleet now moored near Carthage.)
* to keep someone (accusative) off something (ablative)
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.14:ut pabulatione et commeatu Romani prohibeanturSo that the Romans should be prohibited from foraging and procuring the provisions

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

#### Derived terms

* prohibitiō
* prohibitor
* prohibitus

#### Related terms

* abhibeō
* adhibeō
* antehabeō
* cohibeō
* diribeō
* exhibeō
* habeō
* inhibeō
* perhibeō
* posthabeō
* praehibeō
* ratihabeō
* redhibeō

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: prohibir
* → English: prohibit
* → French: prohiber
* → Galician: prohibir
* → Italian: proibire
** → Neapolitan: proibbire
* → Occitan: proïbir
* → Portuguese: proibir
** Papiamentu: prohibí
* → Romanian: prohibi
* → Spanish: prohibir

### References

* “prohibeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “prohibeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* prohibeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. heaven forfend: di prohibeant, di meliora! to welcome to one's house (opp. to shut one's door against some one): tecto, (in) domum suam aliquem recipere (opp. prohibere aliquem tecto, domo) to strike off the burgess-roll: censu prohibere, excludere to cut off all supplies of the enemy: intercludere, prohibere hostes commeatu to be unable to land: portu, terra prohiberi (B. C. 3. 15)