# 博

| 博 | U+535A, &#21338; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-535A |
| ← 卙 [U+5359] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 卛 → [U+535B] |
| 博 | U+2F82E, &#194606; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82E |
| ← 卑 [U+2F82D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 即 → [U+2F82F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

博 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十戈月戈 (JIBI), four-corner 4304$_6$, composition ⿰十尃)

#### Derived characters

* 𠽢, 𣽡, 𭧧, 𫓆, 𮑀, 簙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2761
* Dae Jaweon: page 360, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 66, character 2
* Unihan data for U+535A
* Unihan data for U+2F82E

## Bala
### Etymology

Cognate with Manchu ᠪᠣᠣ (boo).

### Noun

博 (bo)
* family

### References

* “The Only Known Text from Bala, an Extinct Tungusic Language”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica‎, volume 9, number 1, 2021, pages 173–191

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 博
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 豧 | *pʰoːs, *pʰa, *pʰas |
| 縛 | *baːɡs, *baɡ |
| 逋 | *paː |
| 餔 | *paː, *baːs |
| 晡 | *paː |
| 庯 | *paː |
| 陠 | *paː, *pʰaː |
| 鵏 | *paː, *baːs |
| 峬 | *paː |
| 誧 | *paː, *pʰaː, *pʰaːʔ, *pʰaːs |
| 秿 | *paː, *pʰa, *baʔ |
| 鯆 | *paː, *pʰaː, *paʔ |
| 補 | *paːʔ |
| 圃 | *paːʔ, *paːs |
| 鋪 | *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa |
| 痡 | *pʰaː, *pʰa |
| 浦 | *pʰaːʔ |
| 烳 | *pʰaːʔ |
| 溥 | *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ |
| 悑 | *pʰaːs |
| 酺 | *baː |
| 匍 | *baː |
| 蜅 | *baː, *paʔ |
| 脯 | *baː, *paʔ |
| 葡 | *baː |
| 蒱 | *baː |
| 蒲 | *baː |
| 簿 | *baːʔ, *baːɡ |
| 捕 | *baːs |
| 哺 | *baːs |
| 簠 | *pa, *paʔ, *pʰas |
| 甫 | *paʔ |
| 黼 | *paʔ |
| 莆 | *paʔ |
| 俌 | *paʔ, *pʰaʔ |
| 郙 | *paʔ, *pʰa |
| 傅 | *paɡs |
| 搏 | *paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ |
| 麱 | *pʰa |
| 尃 | *pʰa |
| 榑 | *ba |
| 輔 | *baʔ |
| 鬴 | *baʔ |
| 賻 | *baɡs |
| 博 | *paːɡ |
| 髆 | *paːɡ |
| 鎛 | *paːɡ |
| 猼 | *paːɡ |
| 餺 | *paːɡ |
| 簙 | *paːɡ |
| 鑮 | *paːɡ, *baːɡ |
| 欂 | *paːɡ, *baɡ, *breːɡ |
| 蒪 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 膊 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 薄 | *baːɡ |
| 礡 | *baːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paːɡ): semantic 十 (“ten”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bó (bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bok$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bok$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pok
    (Hailu, HRS): bog
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bog$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): báuk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): porh$^6$ / borh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phok / pok / poh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$poq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bok$^3$
*** Yale: bok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bok$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pok
*** Hakka Romanization System: bog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bog
*** Sinological IPA: /pok⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pɔk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: báuk
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑuʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: porh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: porh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɒʔ²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: borh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: borh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok
*** Tâi-lô: phok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pok
*** Tâi-lô: pok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poh
*** Tâi-lô: poh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /poʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /poʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ³²/
* phok/pok - literary;
* poh - vernacular (“to try without certainty; maybe”).
* Middle Chinese: pak
Rime :
| Character | 博 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (104) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 補各切 |
| Baxter | pak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pwɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /puɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pwak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /puɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /puɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pwɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 博 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pak › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁak/ |
| English | broad |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 博 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3474 |
| Phonetic component | 甫 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 博 |
| Old Chinese | /*paːɡ/ |

### Definitions

博
* abundant; plentiful; rich
* wide; broad
* to thoroughly understand; to be well versed in
* to win; to court
    以博歡心／以博欢心 ― yǐ bó huānxīn ― in order to win somebody's favour
    博同情 [Cantonese] ― bok$^3$ tung$^4$ cing$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to gain somebody's sympathy
* (historical) Liubo (an ancient Chinese board game)
    alt. forms: 簙 (bó)
* to gamble; to play games
* (Hokkien) to try without certainty (hoping to get some benefit by chance)
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) maybe; perhaps; probably
* Short for 博覽／博览 (bólǎn, “expo”).
* Short for 博客 (bókè, “blog”).
* Short for 博士 (bóshì, “doctoral degree”).
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (maybe):
* 也許 / 也许 (yěxǔ)
* 保不住 (bǎobuzhù) (colloquial)
* 保不定 (bǎobudìng) (colloquial)
* 保不齊 / 保不齐 (bǎobuqí) (colloquial)
* 備不住 / 备不住 (bèibuzhù) (regional)
* 凡勢 / 凡势 (hoān-sè) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 博定 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 可能 (kěnéng)
* 容許 / 容许 (róngxǔ) (literary)
* 怕係 / 怕系 (Hakka)
* 怕是 (pàshì)
* 或者 (huòzhě)
* 或許 / 或许 (huòxǔ)
* 指不定 (zhǐbùdìng)
* 搞不好 (gǎobùhǎo)
* 歉采 (Hokkien)
* 殼張 / 壳张 ($^7$khoq-tsan) (Wu, dated)
* 沒準兒 / 没准儿 (méizhǔnr) (colloquial)
* 興許 / 兴许 (xīngxǔ) (colloquial)
* 話勿出 / 话勿出 ($^6$gho-veq-tsheq) (Wu)
* 話唔埋 / 话唔埋 (waa$^6$ m$^4$ maai$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 話唔定 / 话唔定 (waa$^6$ m$^4$ ding$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 說不定 / 说不定 (shuōbùdìng)
* 講勿定 / 讲勿定 ($^5$kaon-veq-din) (Wu)
* 講唔定 / 讲唔定 (gong$^2$ m$^4$ ding$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 難免 / 难免 (nánmiǎn)

### Compounds

* 五經博士 / 五经博士
* 仁言利博
* 六博 (liùbó)
* 博克達山 / 博克达山
* 博取 (bóqǔ)
* 博古 (bógǔ)
* 博古兒 / 博古儿
* 博古圖錄 / 博古图录
* 博古知今
* 博古通今 (bógǔtōngjīn)
* 博士 (bóshì)
* 博士學位 / 博士学位 (bóshì xuéwèi)
* 博士弟子
* 博士買驢 / 博士买驴 (bóshìmǎilǘ)
* 博大 (bódà)
* 博大精深 (bódàjīngshēn)
* 博奕
* 博奧 / 博奥
* 博學 / 博学 (bóxué)
* 博學多才 / 博学多才 (bóxuéduōcái)
* 博學多聞 / 博学多闻 (bóxuéduōwén)
* 博學宏詞 / 博学宏词
* 博學洽聞 / 博学洽闻
* 博學篇 / 博学篇
* 博學鴻儒 / 博学鸿儒
* 博客 (bókè)
* 博局
* 博山香爐 / 博山香炉 (bóshān xiānglú)
* 博巴
* 博弈 (bóyì)
* 博弈論 / 博弈论 (bóyìlùn)
* 博徒
* 博得 (bódé)
* 博愛 / 博爱 (bó'ài)
* 博愛座 / 博爱座 (bó'àizuò)
* 博愛濟群 / 博爱济群
* 博戲 / 博戏
* 博換 / 博换
* 博文約禮 / 博文约礼 (bówényuēlǐ)
* 博斯坦 (Bósītǎn)
* 博斯騰湖 / 博斯腾湖
* 博施濟眾 / 博施济众
* 博易
* 博望侯
* 博望坡
* 博洽 (bóqià)
* 博浪
* 博浪沙
* 博浪飛椎 / 博浪飞椎
* 博浪鼓
* 博淄煤礦 / 博淄煤矿
* 博濟醫院 / 博济医院
* 博父國 / 博父国
* 博爾赤 / 博尔赤
* 博物 (bówù)
* 博物多聞 / 博物多闻
* 博物學 / 博物学 (bówùxué)
* 博物志
* 博物洽聞 / 博物洽闻
* 博物院 (bówùyuàn)
* 博物館 / 博物馆 (bówùguǎn)
* 博磨
* 博社 (Bóshè)
* 博而不精 (bó'érbùjīng)
* 博聞 / 博闻 (bówén)
* 博聞多見 / 博闻多见
* 博聞多識 / 博闻多识
* 博聞強記 / 博闻强记 (bówénqiángjì)
* 博聞強識 / 博闻强识 (bówénqiángzhì)
* 博聞彊志 / 博闻强志
* 博聞彊記 / 博闻强记
* 博聞閎覽 / 博闻闳览
* 博興 / 博兴 (Bóxīng)
* 博覽 / 博览 (bólǎn)
* 博覽五車 / 博览五车
* 博覽古今 / 博览古今
* 博覽會 / 博览会 (bólǎnhuì)
* 博覽群書 / 博览群书 (bólǎnqúnshū)
* 博識 / 博识 (bóshí)
* 博貫 / 博贯
* 博達 / 博达
* 博郎鼓
* 博雅 (bóyǎ)
* 國家博士 / 国家博士
* 土博士
* 地大物博 (dìdàwùbó)
* 太常博士
* 奧博 / 奥博 (àobó)
* 女博士
* 學問淵博 / 学问渊博
* 守約施博 / 守约施博
* 寬博 / 宽博
* 峨冠博帶 / 峨冠博带
* 廣博 / 广博 (guǎngbó)
* 彊記博聞 / 强记博闻
* 打博
* 旁徵博引 / 旁征博引 (pángzhēngbóyǐn)
* 氾博
* 沉博絕麗 / 沉博绝丽
* 汪洋浩博
* 洽聞博見 / 洽闻博见
* 浩博 (hàobó)
* 淄博 (Zībó)
* 淵博 / 渊博 (yuānbó)
* 淹博
* 淄博煤礦 / 淄博煤矿
* 深稽博考
* 溥博
* 由博返約 / 由博返约
* 知今博古
* 磨博士
* 算博士
* 米鹽博辯 / 米盐博辩
* 繁博
* 花博士
* 茶博士
* 袂博假博 (bē-phok-ké-phok) (Min Nan)
* 褒衣博帶 / 褒衣博带
* 見聞廣博 / 见闻广博
* 該博 / 该博
* 賅博 / 赅博
* 賭博 / 赌博 (dǔbó)
* 賭博場 / 赌博场
* 賭博罪 / 赌博罪
* 超博士
* 通今博古
* 通古博今
* 鄂博 (èbó)
* 酒博士
* 閎覽博物 / 闳览博物
* 零和博弈 (línghé bóyì)
* 風流博浪 / 风流博浪
* 高冠博帶 / 高冠博带
* 高才博學 / 高才博学
* 鴻博 / 鸿博

### References

* “博”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “博”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 18.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 博 |
| Kyūjitai | 博󠄁 博+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 博󠄄 博+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* wide, broad, extensive
* gambling

#### Readings

* Go-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 博い)、ひろめる (hiromeru)
* Nanori: とおる (tōru)、はか (haka)、ひろ (hiro)、ひろし (hiroshi)、ひろむ (hiromu)

#### Compounds

* 医博(いはく) (ihaku, “doctor of medicine”)
* 該博(がいはく) (gaihaku, “profundity; profound”)
* 賭博(とばく) (tobaku, “gambling”)
* 博士(はかせ) (hakase, “doctor; expert”)
* 博多(はかた) (hakata, “Hakata”)
* 博愛(はくあい) (hakuai, “fraternity”)
* 博奕(ばくえき) (bakueki, “gambling”)
* 博雅(はくが) (hakuga, “erudition; erudite”)
* 博学(はくがく) (hakugaku, “erudition; erudite”)
* 博戯(はくぎ) (hakugi, “gambling game”)
* 博士(はくし) (hakushi, “doctor”)
* 博識(はくしき) (hakushiki, “erudition; erudite”)
* 博捜(はくそう) (hakusō, “wide search”)
* 博大(はくだい) (hakudai, “large and wide​”)
* 博打(ばくち) (bakuchi, “gambling”)
* 博徒(ばくと) (bakuto, “gambler”)
* 博物(はくぶつ) (hakubutsu, “natural history; wide learning”)
* 博聞(はくぶん) (hakubun, “well-informed, erudite​”)
* 博覧(はくらん) (hakuran, “public exhibition; extensive knowledge”)
* 万博(ばんぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition, expo”)
* 文博(ぶんはく) (bunhaku, “doctor of literature​”)
* 理博(りはく) (rihaku, “doctor of science​”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 博
* はく Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 博 (MC pak).

#### Suffix

博(はく) • (-haku)
* doctor, PhD
    医(い)博(はく) ― ihaku ― doctor of medicine
* exposition, fair
    万国(ばんこく)博(はく) ― bankokuhaku ― international exposition

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 博
* ひろし Grade: 4
* nanori

#### Proper noun

博(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 367 (paper), page 233 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

博 (eumhun 넓을 박 (neolbeul bak))
* hanja form of 박 (“wide; broad”)

#### Compounds

* 도박 (賭博, dobak, “gambling”)
* 박사 (博士, baksa, “a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)”)
* 박물관 (博物館, bangmulgwan, “museum”)

## Tày
### Noun

博 (bạc)
* Nôm form of bạc (“paternal uncle”).
    寸太曾注博姑姨Thuổn thảy tằng chủ bảc cô tìAll people, including uncles and aunts.

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

博: Hán Nôm readings: bác, mác, bạc, vác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.