OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# كورة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܟܘܪܐ (kōrā), from Ancient Greek χώρᾱ (khṓrā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuː.ra/

### Noun

كُورَة • (kūra) f (plural كُوَر (kuwar))
* (historical) a type of administrative division, translated as “district” or “province”, notably instituted by the Umayyad Caliphate and hence the Emirate of Córdoba
** a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, web 1/136, pages 374 m–u:وأما أرمينية فإنها كورة جليلة رسمها أرميني بن كنظر بن يافث بن نوح ومنها ترتفع الستور والزلاليُّ الرفيعة كثيرة الخصائص قصبتها دَبِيل ومن مدنها: بَدْلِيس، خِلَاط، أَرْجِيش، بَرْكَرِي، خُوَيُّ، سَلَمَاس، أُرْمِيَة، دَاخَرَّقَان، مَرَاغَة، أَهْرُ، مَرَنْد، سَِنْجَان، قالِيقَلَا، قندرية، قَلْعَة يُونِس، نورين.Concerning Armenia, it is a revered region of Armenian tradition, a son like the son of Japhet, the son of Noah, and from it hail draperies and fine rugs of lots of peculiarities the filament of which is like that of Dwin, and of its towns are: [a list of settlements follows].

#### Declension
## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* كوره (kōra)

### Etymology

From Arabic كُرَة (kura, “ball”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkoːɾɑ]

### Noun

كورة • (kōra) f (plural كُوَر (kówar) or كِوَر (kíwar) or كورَات (korāt))
* ball
    العربية داست الكورة وفجرتهاil-ʿarabíyya dāsit il-kōra wi-fagarít-ha.The car ran over the ball and burst it.
* football
    Synonym: كورة قدم (kōrit qádam)
    بدور على راجل كبير بيعرف يلعب كورة اكتر من ٥٠ او ٦٠ سنة...علشان شغلbadáwwar ʿála rāgil kibīr biyíʿraf yílʿab kōra ʾáktar min ḵamsīn ʾaw sittīn sána... ʿalašān šuḡl.I am looking for an old man who knows how to play football over 50 or 60 years old... for work.

#### Derived terms

* كروى (kárawi)
* كور (káwwar)
* كورة شراب (kōra šarāb)
* كورة طايرة (kōra ṭáyra)

#### References

* Spiro, Socrates (1895) “كورة”, in An Arabic-English Vocabulary of the Colloquial Arabic of Egypt, 1st edition, Cairo: Al-Mokattam Printing Office
* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كُرَة (kura, “ball”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkuːra/

### Noun

كورة • (kūra) f (plural كور (kuwar) or كورات (kūrāt))
* ball
* (sports) soccer, football
    Synonym: (classical) كورة قدم (kūrat gadam)

#### Derived terms

* كورة سلة (kūrat salla, “basketball”)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كُرَة (kura).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuː.ra/

### Noun

كورة • (kūra) f (plural كواري (kwāri) or كورات (kūrāt))
* ball
* (sports) football, soccer
# حقق
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaq.qa.qa/

#### Verb

حَقَّقَ • (ḥaqqaqa) II (non-past يُحَقِّقُ (yuḥaqqiqu), verbal noun تَحْقِيق (taḥqīq)) (transitive)
* to realize, to actualize, to make a reality or an actuality
    أَرَادَ أَنْ يُحَقِّقَ حُلْمَهُ. ― ʔarāda ʔan yuḥaqqiqa ḥulmahu. ― He wanted to realize his dream.
    Synonyms: أَرْسَى (ʔarsā), أَسَّسَ (ʔassasa)
** to finish or complete (something striven for, such as a project or a scheme)
    Synonyms: أَنْهَى (ʔanhā, “to finish”), أَنْجَزَ (ʔanjaza, “to fulfill”)
* to attain, to achieve
* to examine the reality, truth, or factuality of; to verify; to confirm; to ascertain; to establish
    Synonyms: بَحَثَ (baḥaṯa), دَقَّقَ (daqqaqa), اِسْتَثْبَتَ (istaṯbata), تَأَكَّدَ (taʔakkada)
* to and redact (a manuscript or other text)
* to pose questions [with مَعَ (maʕa) ‘to’] in a criminal procedure; to interrogate
    Synonyms: سَاءَلَ (sāʔala), اِسْتَجْوَبَ (istajwaba), نَاقَشَ (nāqaša)

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: -hakiki

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħu.qaq/

#### Noun

حُقَق • (ḥuqaq) f pl
* plural of حُقَّة (ḥuqqa)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَقَّقَ (ḥaqqaqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaɡ.ɡaɡ/

### Verb

حَقَّق • (ḥaggag) II (non-past يِحَقِّق (yiḥaggig))
* to investigate, to verify, to interrogate
* to attain, to achieve

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَقَّقَ (ḥaqqaqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ħaʔ.ʔaʔ/, [ˈħaʔ.ʔaʔ]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ħaɡ.ɡaɡ/, [ˈħaɡ.ɡaɡ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

حقّق • (ḥaʔʔaʔ) II (present بحقّق (biḥaʔʔeʔ))
* to investigate, to verify, to interrogate
* to attain, to achieve
    Synonym: توصّل (twaṣṣal)
# رئيسي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of رَئِيس (raʔīs, “chief, leader”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.ʔiː.sijj/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

رَئِيسِيّ • (raʔīsiyy) (feminine رَئِيسِيَّة (raʔīsiyya), masculine plural رَئِيسِيُّونَ (raʔīsiyyūna), feminine plural رَئِيسِيَّات (raʔīsiyyāt))
* main, chief, principal, leading, cardinal
    الفَضَائِل الرَئِيسِيَّة ― al-faḍāʔil ar-raʔīsiyya ― cardinal virtues
    مَقَالَة رَئِيسِيَّة ― maqāla(t) raʔīsiyya ― lead article, editorial

#### Declension
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic رَئِيسِيّ (raʔīsiyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.ʔiː.si/, [raˈʔiː.si]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

رئيسي • (raʔīsi) (feminine رئيسيّة (raʔīsiyye), masculine plural رئيسيّين (raʔīsiyyīn))
* main, principal
# سهل ممتنع
## Arabic
### Adjective

سَهْل مُمْتَنِع • (sahl mumtaniʕ)
* difficult or complicated (of thing, concept, or task) while looking easy to comprehend, do, or imitate at first sight

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* سهل و ممتنع (sahl-o-momtane')

### Etymology

From Arabic سَهْل مُمْتَنِع (sahl mumtaniʕ).

### Adjective

سهل ممتنع • (sahl-e momtane') (comparative سهل ممتنع‌تَر (sahl-e momtane'-tar), superlative سهل ممتنع‌تَرین (sahl-e momtane'-tarin))
* Difficult or complicated (of thing, concept, or task) while looking easy to comprehend, do, or imitate at first sight.
    بادگیر عنصری سهل ممتنع در معماری ایرانی است.The windcatcher is a sahl-e-momtane element in Persian architecture.

### Noun

سهل ممتنع • (sahl-e momtane')
* Something that looks simple or easy, but difficult to imitate.
** (poetry) A poem, verse, or literary work with inimitable simplicity, something that uses easy language, but is difficult to imitate; sahl-e-momtane', sahl-i-mumtani', sahl-e-mumtani', sahl-u-mumtani'.
    ویژگی اصلی شعر سعدی سهل ممتنع بودن آن است.The main feature of the poetry of Saadi is its inimitable simplicity.
# آمال
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaː.maːl/

### Noun

آمَال • (ʔāmāl) m pl
* plural of أَمَل (ʔamal)
    وَيُعَلِّقُ الأُرْدُنِيُّونَ الآمَالَ عَلَى الخصاونة. ― Jordanians pin their hopes on Al-Khasawneh.

### Proper noun

آمَال • (ʔāmāl) f
* a female given name, Amal
# أرجل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔar.d͡ʒul/

#### Noun

أَرْجُل • (ʔarjul) f pl
* plural of رِجْل (rijl)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

أرجل (form I)
* أَرْجَلُ (ʔarjalu) /ʔar.d͡ʒa.lu/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَجِلَ (rajila)
* أَرْجَلَ (ʔarjala) /ʔar.d͡ʒa.la/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of رَجِلَ (rajila)
* أَرْجَلْ (ʔarjal) /ʔar.d͡ʒal/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَجِلَ (rajila)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

أرجل (form II)
* أُرَجِّلُ (ʔurajjilu) /ʔu.rad͡ʒ.d͡ʒi.lu/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَجَّلَ (rajjala)
* أُرَجَّلُ (ʔurajjalu) /ʔu.rad͡ʒ.d͡ʒa.lu/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of رَجَّلَ (rajjala)
* أُرَجِّلَ (ʔurajjila) /ʔu.rad͡ʒ.d͡ʒi.la/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of رَجَّلَ (rajjala)
* أُرَجَّلَ (ʔurajjala) /ʔu.rad͡ʒ.d͡ʒa.la/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of رَجَّلَ (rajjala)
* أُرَجِّلْ (ʔurajjil) /ʔu.rad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَجَّلَ (rajjala)
* أُرَجَّلْ (ʔurajjal) /ʔu.rad͡ʒ.d͡ʒal/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَجَّلَ (rajjala)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* أركل (alternative spelling)
* أرغل (alternative spelling)

### Etymology

Denominal verb of أرجيلة (ʔarjīla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔar.ɡal/, [ˈʔar.ɡal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

أرجل • (ʔargal) Iq (present بأرجل (biʔargel))
* to smoke argileh
    Synonyms: شيّش (šayyaš), شرب أرجيلة (širib ʔargīle)
    شو رايك أروح عندك ومرّة تانية منأرجل؟šu rāyak ʔarūḥ ʕindak w-marra tānye minʔargelWhat do you say I come over to your place and we smoke argileh at another time?
# قتال
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

قِتَال • (qitāl) m (usually uncountable)
* verbal noun of قَاتَلَ (qātala) (form III)
* fighting, battle, warfare

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: قتال (kıtal)
** Turkish: kıtal
* → South Levantine Arabic: قتال (qitāl) (semi-learned)

### Adjective

قَتَّال • (qattāl) (feminine قَتَّالَة (qattāla), masculine plural قَتَّالُونَ (qattālūna), feminine plural قَتَّالَات (qattālāt))
* someone who kills many people
* very deadly
    سُمٌّ قَتَّال ― summun qattāl ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* فَتَّاك (fattāk)
* سَفَّاح (saffāḥ, “a person who sheds a lot of blood”)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: qattiel

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic قِتَال (qitāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔi.taːl/, [ʔ(ɪ)ˈtæːl]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡtaːl/, [ɡ(ɪ)ˈtæːl]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

قتال • (qitāl, ʔitāl) m
* struggle, battle
* fight, squabble, quarrel
# قرى
## Arabic
### Verb

قَرَى • (qarā) I (non-past يَقْرِي (yaqrī), verbal noun قِرًى (qiran))
* (transitive) to receive or treat as a guest, to entertain, to feed in hospitality

#### Conjugation
### Noun

قِرًى • (qiran) m (construct state قِرَى (qirā))
* verbal noun of قَرَى (qarā) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

قُرًى • (quran) pl
* plural of قَرْيَة (qarya)

## Karakhanid
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *karï (“old”).

#### Adjective

قَرىِ (qarï̄)
* old
    قَرىِ اَرْ ― Qarï̄ er ― Old man

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *karï (“forearm”). Cognate with قَرِشْ (qarïš, “handspan”).

#### Noun

قَرىِ (qarï̄)
* (anatomy) forearm
* the cubit with which the linen is measured

### References

* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “karı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 644-645

### Further reading

* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 222-223
# جميع
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.miːʕ/

### Adjective

جَمِيع • (jamīʕ)
* (with following genitive) whole, entire, all
    الْجَمِيع ― al-jamīʕ ― everybody, everyone
    جَمِيعًا ― jamīʕan ― altogether, entirely
* (obsolete, grammar) plural
    Synonym: جَمْع (jamʕ)
# أدنى
## Arabic
### Etymology

Elative of دَنِيّ (daniyy, “near, low, mean”), from the roots د ن و (d n w) and د ن ي (d n y).

### Adjective

أَدْنَى • (ʔadnā) (feminine دُنْيَا (dunyā), masculine plural أَدْنَوْنَ (ʔadnawna) or أَدَانٍ (ʔadānin), feminine plural دُنْيَيَات (dunyayāt) or دُنًى (dunan) or دُنًا (dunan))
* elative degree of دَنِيّ (daniyy, “near, low, mean”):
** nearer, closer; nearest, closest
    الشَّرْق الْأَدْنَىaš-šarq al-ʔadnāthe Near East, as opposed to الشَّرْق الْأَقْصَى (aš-šarq al-ʔaqṣā)
    Antonym: أَقْصَى (ʔaqṣā)
** lower; lowest
** lowlier; lowliest
** of less significance; of least significance
** more suitable; most suitable
** lesser; least
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 32:21:وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الأَدْنَى دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الأَكْبَرِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَwalanuḏīqannahum mina l-ʕaḏābi al-ʔadnā dūna l-ʕaḏābi l-ʔakbari laʕallahum yarjiʕūna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** inferior
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:61:أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ؟ʔatastabdilūna llaḏī huwa ʔadnā bi-llaḏī huwa ḵayrun?(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَدْنَى (ʔadnā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔad.na/, [ˈʔad.na]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

أدنى • (ʔadna) (feminine دنيا (dunya))
* lower, lowest, minimum
    Antonym: أعلى (ʔaʕla)
    الحدّ الأدنى للدفع خمسين دينار.il-ḥadd il-ʔadna lad-dafeʔ ḵamsīn dīnārThe minimum payment is fifty dinars.(literally, “The minimum limit for payment is fifty dinars.”)
* nearer, nearest
    Antonym: أقصى (ʔaqṣa)
# فلاح
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ف ل ح (f l ḥ). The sense of "farmer" is assumed to be borrowed from Aramaic פלחא / ܦܠܚܐ (pallāḥā, “worker; peasant”), owing to the dominant economy of Arabic speakers being nomadic when in contrast Aramaic speakers practised agriculture. This assumed, فَلَحَ (falaḥa, “to furrow, to plow; to slit, to cleave”) would be denominal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fal.laːħ/

### Noun

فَلَّاح • (fallāḥ) m (plural فَلَّاحُون (fallāḥūn), feminine فَلَّاحَة (fallāḥa))
* (countable) a farmer, a peasant
    Synonyms: مُزَارِع (muzāriʕ, “a farmer”), زَرَّاع (zarrāʕ, “planter, sower”), حَرَّاث (ḥarrāṯ, “tiller, plower, cultivator”), (archaic) أَكَّار (ʔakkār, “furrower”), (obsolete) كَافِر (kāfir, “a husbandman, a farmer, a peasant”)
    هٰؤُلَاءِ الْفَلَّاحُونَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَةِ الْمِصْرِيَّةِ الْكَبِيرَةِ.hāʔulāʔi al-fallāḥūna min tilka l-qaryati l-miṣriyyati l-kabīrati.These farmers are from that big Egyptian village.

#### Descendants

* → English: fellah
* → French: fellah
* → German: Fellache
* Kurdish
    → Northern Kurdish: file, fele, fileh, fillah, fille
    → Central Kurdish: فەلە (fele)
* → Russian: фелла́х (felláx)
* → Swahili: falahi
* → Ottoman Turkish: فلاح
** Turkish: felah, fellah
** → Aromanian: fileah
** → Bulgarian: фела́х (feláh)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
*** Cyrillic script: фѐла̄х
*** Latin script: fèlāh

### Noun

فَلَاح • (falāḥ) m
* (uncountable) success
    Antonym: خَيْبَة (ḵayba)

#### Declension
### References

* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 126
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “فلاح”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2439
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “فلح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 850
* Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “663. FILEAH”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 122

## Egyptian Arabic
### Noun

فلاح • (fallāḥ) m (plural فلّاحين, feminine فلّاحة)
* (countable) a farmer
** (countable, Cairene, derogatory, offensive, slang) a rustic, a peasant, a provincial
** (countable, Cairene, derogatory or humorous, slang) an ignorant, a peasant

#### Usage notes

The word is typically used by Egyptian urbanites to refer to migrants who have come from the countryside to the cities (such as Cairo and Alexandria), particularly those who are seen as exhibiting or normalizing socially disapproved-of behavior. However, it has also come to be used jocularly to signify "ignorance" in general, especially that which is envisioned as stereotypically rustic.
# جربان
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒar.baːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Adjective

جَرْبَان • (jarbān) m pl
* masculine plural of أَجْرَب (ʔajrab)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَجْرَب (ʔajrab) + ـَان (-ān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒar.baːn/

### Adjective

جربان • (jarbān) (feminine جربانة (jarbāna), common plural جربانين (jarbānīn))
* rotten, ruined
* mangy, scabby
    الشُّراب جَربان ― aš-šurrāb jarbān ― the sock is rotten/ruined

#### Usage notes

The common plural adjective is used with both feminine and masculine plural nouns, while the feminine plural adjective is rarely used and only used with feminine nouns.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒur.baːn/, [ʒʊrˈbæːn]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جربان • (jurbān) m (plural جرابين (jarābīn))
* sock
    Synonyms: جراب (jrāb), كلسة (kalse)
# إفادة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔi.faː.da/

### Noun

إِفَادَة • (ʔifāda) f
* verbal noun of أَفَادَ (ʔafāda) (form IV)
* advantage, gain
    فِي ٱلْإِعَادَةِ إِفَادَةfī l-ʔiʕādati ʔifāda(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (law) testimony
    أَدْلَى بِإِفَادَتِه ― ʔadlā biʔifādatih ― he testified

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: ifadə
* → Northern Kurdish: îfade
* → Ottoman Turkish: افاده (ifāde)
    > Turkish: ifade (inherited)
* → Uyghur: ئىپادە (ipade)
* → Uzbek: ifada, ifoda

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “إفادة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# استسقاء
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.tis.qaːʔ/

### Noun

اِسْتِسْقَاء • (istisqāʔ) m
* verbal noun of اِسْتَسْقَى (istasqā) (form X)
* (medicine) (collection of fluid in the organs and their body cavities)
* (medicine) ascites (collection of fluids in the abdomen due to liver disease)
* (Islam) Istisqāʾ asking God for rain in times of drought
    صَلَاةُ الاِسْتِسْقَاء ― ṣalātu l-istisqāʔ ― the prayer to ask for rain
    دُعَاءُ الاِسْتِسْقَاء ― duʕāʔu l-istisqāʔ ― the prayer/supplication to ask for rain

#### Descendants

* → Bashkir: истисҡа (istisqa)
* → Ottoman Turkish: استسقا
** → Turkish: istiska
* → Tajik: истисқо (istisqo)
* → Acehnese: istisqa
* → Indonesian: istisqa
# بقاء
## Arabic
### Noun

بَقَاء • (baqāʔ) m
* verbal noun of بَقِيَ (baqiya, “to remain”) (form I)
* remaining, lasting, enduring
* continuance, duration
* perpetual existence
    دَار اَلْبَقَاء ― dār al-baqāʔ ― the abode of everlasting existence, i.e. the hereafter, Heaven

#### Antonyms

* فَنَاء (fanāʔ), زَوَال (zawāl)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: baka
* Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: beqa
    → Central Kurdish: بەقا (beqa)
* → Malay: alam baqa (“afterlife”)
* → Persian: بقا (baqâ)
* → Turkish: beka

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بقاء”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بقاء”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# شدة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Verbal noun of شَدَّ (šadda).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃid.da/

#### Noun

شِدَّة • (šidda) f (plural شَدَائِد (šadāʔid) or شِدَّات (šiddāt) or شِدَد (šidad))
* verbal noun of شَدَّ (šadda)
* (uncountable) intensity
* (uncountable) strength, severity, violence
* (countable) misfortune, misery, distress, hardship, discomfort, affliction
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:مصيبة

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: şiddət
* → Persian: شدت
** → Urdu: شِدَّت (śiddat)
* → Ottoman Turkish: شدت (şiddet)
** Turkish: şiddet
* → Swahili: shida
* → Uyghur: شىددەت (shiddet)
* → Uzbek: shiddat

### Etymology 2

Instance noun of شَدَّ (šadda, “to geminate”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃad.da/

#### Noun

شَدَّة • (šadda) f (plural شَدَّات (šaddāt))
* (linguistics) shadda

##### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “شد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic شَدَّة (šadda).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃad.de/, [ˈʃad.de]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Noun

شدّة • (šadde) f (plural شدّات (šaddāt))
* shadda (Arabic diacritic indicating a geminated consonant)
* cards, card game
* deck of cards
    ورقة شدّة ― waraʔet šadde ― a playing card
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic شِدَّة (šidda).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃid.de/, [ˈʃɪd.de]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Noun

شدّة • (šidde) f (plural شدّات (šiddāt))
* a time of misfortune, hardship, discomfort
# Polemaetus
## Translingual

Wikispecies

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Polemaetus m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Accipitridae.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neognathae – infraclass; Neoaves – superorder; Accipitriformes – order; Accipitridae – family; Aquilinae - subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Polemaetus bellicosus – sole species

### References

* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# adabeso
## Basque
### Etymology

From ada- (combining form of adar (“branch”)) +‎ beso (“arm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adabes̺o/ [a.ð̞a.β̞e.s̺o]
* Rhymes: -es̺o, -o
* Hyphenation: a‧da‧be‧so

### Noun

adabeso inan
* main branch of a tree

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “adabeso”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “adabeso”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
# irisless
## English
### Etymology

From iris +‎ -less.

### Adjective

irisless (not comparable)
* (of eyes) Without irises.
** 1999, Colson Whitehead, The Intuitionist, Fleet (2017), page 245:Whether the granite menagerie was Arbo’s idea or the sculptor’s vision is not clear. The animals—a baby rhino, a lion, a hyena, on cocked forelegs, with drooping necks, irisless eyes—watch a horizon that does not exist for the buildings, stoop to drink from an oasis that does not exist for the concrete.
# jabłońca
## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *àblonica. By surface analysis, jabłoń +‎ -ica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjabwɔjnt͡sa/
* Rhymes: -abwɔjnt͡sa
* Homophone: Jabłońca
* Hyphenation: ja‧b‧łoń‧ca
* Syllabification: jab‧łoń‧ca

### Noun

jabłońca f
* (botany) apple tree (Malus domestica)
    Synonyms: jabłoń, jabłučina

#### Declension
### References

* Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “jabłońca”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 228
# jelenka
## Czech

Wikispecies

### Etymology

From jelen (“deer”) +‎ -ka. Old common name, which used to be used for mushrooms of the genera Elaphomyces and Phallus. Since 1901 the name is used solely for the genus Elaphomyces, following the suggestion of Czech botanist Jan Bezděk. The name probably reflects the fact that these mushrooms are liked by deer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɛlɛŋka]
* Rhymes: -ɛŋka
* Hyphenation: je‧len‧ka

### Noun

jelenka f
* Elaphomyces, genus of fungi in the family Elaphomycetaceae
** 2013, Michal Mikšík, Poznáváme jarní houby‎, Praha: Grada, →ISBN, page 11:Mezi zástupce askomycetů patří i některé podzemní rody hub, jako např. jelenka (rod Elaphomyces) nebo lanýž (rod Tuber).Some underground genera of fungi also belong among Ascomycota, such as "jelenka" (genus Elaphomyces) or truffle (genus Tuber).

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): houby – kingdom; vřeckovýtrusné – division; plesnivkotvaré – order; jelenkovité – family

#### Hyponyms

* (genus Chamaemyces): jelenka bradavčitá, jelenka draslavá, jelenka ježatá, jelenka obecná, jelenka pestrá, jelenka skvrnitá – species

#### Related terms

* jelen
* jelenice
* jelenicový
* jelení
* jelínek

### References

* ↑ Jan Bezděk (1901). Houby jedlé a jim podobné jedovaté 2. Praha.

### Further reading

* jelenka at Myko atlas, Česká mykologická společnost.
* “jelenka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “jelenka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# jespák
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɛspaːk]
* Hyphenation: jes‧pák

### Noun

jespák m anim
* Any bird of the genus Calidris; knot, sandpiper.

#### Derived terms

* jespáček
* jespák rezavý

### Further reading

* “jespák”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “jespák”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “jespák”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025