# 濫

| 濫 | U+6FEB, &#28651; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FEB |
| ← 濪 [U+6FEA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濬 → [U+6FEC] |
| 濫 | U+F922, &#63778; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F922 |
| ← 嵐 [U+F921] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 藍 → [U+F923] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14 in Chinese, 水+15 in Japanese, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水尸戈廿 (ESIT) or 水尸一廿 (ESMT), four-corner 3811$_7$, composition ⿰氵監)

#### Derived characters

* 蘫(𬞫) 𠑈 𪸄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 657, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18521
* Dae Jaweon: page 1067, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1766, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6FEB
* Unihan data for U+F922

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): làn (lan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laam$^6$ / laam$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lam$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lâng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$le
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làn
*** Wade–Giles: lan$^4$
*** Yale: làn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
*** Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /län⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laam$^6$ / laam$^5$
*** Yale: laahm / láahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laam$^6$ / laam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lam$^6$ / lam$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːm²²/, /laːm¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lam
*** Hakka Romanization System: lam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lam⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lâng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɑŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lām
*** Tâi-lô: lām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lam
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lam³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lam$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lām
*** Sinological IPA : /lam¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$le
*** MiniDict: le$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$le
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/
* Middle Chinese: lamH
Rime :
| Character | 濫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧𣊟切 |
| Baxter | lamH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | làn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 6094 |
| Phonetic component | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːms/ |

#### Definitions

濫
* to overflow; to flood
* excessive; indiscriminate
* (Eastern Min) wet

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 濕 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 濕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 濕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 濕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 濕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 濕 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 濕 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 濕 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 濕 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 濕 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 濕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 濕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 濕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 濕 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 潮, 濕 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 潮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 削 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 削 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 濕, 削 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 濕, 削 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 削 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 濕, 削 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 削, 濕 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 濕 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 濕 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 濕 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 濕 |
| Hakka | Changting | 濕 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 濕 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 濕 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 濕 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 濕 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 濕 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 濕 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 濕 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 濕 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 濕 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 濕 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 濕 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 濕 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 濕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 澹, 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 澹, 濫 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 澹 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 濫, 澹 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 澹 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 澹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 澹 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 濫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 澹, 濕 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 濕 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 濕 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 濕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 澹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 澹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 澹, 澬 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 泱 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 澹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 澹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 泱, 澹 rare, 澬 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 泱, 澹 rare, 澬 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 泱, 澹 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 濕 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 濕 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 濕 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 澹 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 濕 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 濕 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 濕 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 濕 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 濕 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 濕 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 濕 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 濕 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 濕 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 濕 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 濕 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 濕 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 濕 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 濕 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 濕, 潮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 潮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 濫, 濕 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 濕 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 濕 |

#### Compounds

* 下三濫 / 下三滥 (xiàsānlàn)
* 乞留惡濫 / 乞留恶滥
* 偏濫 / 偏滥
* 冒濫 / 冒滥
* 叨濫 / 叨滥
* 寧缺勿濫 / 宁缺勿滥 (níngquēwùlàn)
* 寧缺毋濫 / 宁缺毋滥 (nìngquēwúlàn)
* 愚濫 / 愚滥
* 放刁把濫 / 放刁把滥
* 泛濫 / 泛滥 (fànlàn)
* 泛濫成災 / 泛滥成灾 (fànlànchéngzāi)
* 浮濫 / 浮滥
* 淫濫 / 淫滥
* 濫交 / 滥交 (lànjiāo)
* 濫伐 / 滥伐
* 濫刑 / 滥刑 (lànxíng)
* 濫取 / 滥取
* 濫吃濫用 / 滥吃滥用
* 濫吏贓官 / 滥吏赃官
* 濫墾 / 滥垦
* 濫套 / 滥套
* 濫好人 / 滥好人 (lànhǎorén)
* 濫官污吏 / 滥官污吏 (lànguān-wūlì)
* 濫情 / 滥情 (lànqíng)
* 濫支 / 滥支
* 濫殺無辜 / 滥杀无辜 (lànshā wúgū)
* 濫汙 / 滥污
* 濫漫 / 滥漫
* 濫用 / 滥用 (lànyòng)
* 濫發 / 滥发 (lànfā)
* 濫竽 / 滥竽 (lànyú)
* 濫竽充數 / 滥竽充数 (lànyúchōngshù)
* 濫葬 / 滥葬
* 濫行 / 滥行
* 濫觴 / 滥觞 (lànshāng)
* 濫調 / 滥调 (làndiào)
* 濫貨 / 滥货
* 濫造 / 滥造
* 狂嫖濫賭 / 狂嫖滥赌
* 粗製濫造 / 粗制滥造 (cūzhìlànzào)
* 苛濫 / 苛滥
* 陳腔濫調 / 陈腔滥调 (chénqiānglàndiào)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^5$
*** Yale: háahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm¹³/
* Middle Chinese: haemX
Rime :
| Character | 濫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡黤切 |
| Baxter | haemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠam$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚam$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 6112 |
| Phonetic component | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 檻 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːmʔ/ |

#### Definitions

濫
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 監 / 监 (“eunuch, supervisor”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)
* Kun: あふれる (afureru, 濫れる)、ひたす (hitasu, 濫す)、みだりに (midarini, 濫りに)、みだれる (midareru, 濫れる)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 濫
* らん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾã̠ɴ]

### Affix

濫(らん) • (ran)
* to overflow
* excessive; superfluous

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 濫 is mostly replaced by 乱, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Derived terms

(Replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):
* 濫獲(らんかく) (rankaku)
* 濫作(らんさく) (ransaku)
* 濫(らん)訴(そ) (ranso)
* 濫造(らんぞう) (ranzō)
* 濫読(らんどく) (randoku)
* 濫入(らんにゅう) (rannyū)
* 濫伐(らんばつ) (ranbatsu)
* 濫発(らんぱつ) (ranpatsu)
* 濫(らん)費(ぴ) (ranpi)
* 濫用(らんよう) (ran'yō)
* 濫立(らんりつ) (ranritsu)
(Not replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):
* 濫(らん)觴(しょう) (ranshō)
* 氾濫(はんらん), 汎濫(はんらん), 泛濫(はんらん) (hanran)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (Yale: lám) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (Yale: lám) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 넘〯ᄯᅵᆯ 람〮 | Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (lám) (Yale: lám) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |

### Pronunciation

* (initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [na̠(ː)m]
** Phonetic hangul: [남(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* (non-initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾa̠m]
** Phonetic hangul: [람]

### Hanja

Wikisource 濫 (eumhun 넘칠 람 (neomchil ram), word-initial (South Korea) 넘칠 남 (neomchil nam))
* hanja form of 람/남 (“to overflow”)
* hanja form of 람/남 (“excessive; superfluous”)

#### Compounds

* 남발 (濫發, nambal)
* 남용 (濫用, namyong)
* 범람 (氾濫/汎濫, beomnam)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濫: Hán Nôm readings: lạm, giậm, làm, lặm, lòm, lộm, lợm, lụm, luộm, trộm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.