# 序

| 序 | U+5E8F, &#24207; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E8F |
| ← 庎 [U+5E8E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 庐 → [U+5E90] |

## Translingual
### Han character

序 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈弓戈弓 (ININ), four-corner 0022$_2$, composition ⿸广予)

#### Derived characters

* 垿, 𡜾, 𢭸, 𨹘, 𫸉, 𦯅

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 343, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9253
* Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 875, character 18
* Unihan data for U+5E8F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 野 | *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
| 壄 | *laːʔ |
| 序 | *ljaʔ |
| 抒 | *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
| 芧 | *l'aʔ |
| 杼 | *l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
| 墅 | *ɦljaːʔ |
| 舒 | *hlja |
| 紓 | *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
| 妤 | *la |
| 伃 | *la |
| 予 | *la, *laʔ |
| 預 | *las |
| 忬 | *las |
| 豫 | *las |
| 蕷 | *las |
| 澦 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljaʔ): semantic 广 + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xù (xu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xu$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeoi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dui$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xy$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): si
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): sê̤ṳ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sǐr / sū / sī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): su$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhiu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syù
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^4$
*** Yale: syù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tui³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /sy⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /søy²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐr
*** Tâi-lô: sǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
*** Tâi-lô: sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: su
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
*** Tâi-lô: sī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: si
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si³³/
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /si⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: su$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /su³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zhiu
*** MiniDict: zhiu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$xxy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑy²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /si⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /ɕi⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit序 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /sy⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /sy³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /sy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩ʷ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕy⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ʑy²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zi³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷ¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zz̩³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰy²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕy²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕy²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /si⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡søy²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sy²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡søy²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /su²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /søy²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /su³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /si³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjoX
Rime :
| Character | 序 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 徐吕切 |
| Baxter | zjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ziɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[sə.l]aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 序 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[sə.l]aʔ/ |
| English | walls at side of palace |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 序 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15724 |
| Phonetic component | 予 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ljaʔ/ |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Dungan”

### Definitions

序
* order; sequence
* preface (of a book); foreword (Classifier: 篇)
    Antonym: 跋 (bá)
* introductory
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) school

#### Synonyms

* (preface):
* 前序 (qiánxù)
* 前言 (qiányán)
* 前記 / 前记 (qiánjì)
* 卷首語 / 卷首语 (juànshǒuyǔ)
* 導言 / 导言 (dǎoyán)
* 小序 (xiǎoxù)
* 小引 (xiǎoyǐn)
* 序文 (xùwén)
* 序言 (xùyán)
* 弁言 (biànyán) (literary)
* 引言 (yǐnyán)
* 抐話頭 / 抐话头 (Hokkien)
* 發刊詞 / 发刊词 (fākāncí) (to a new periodical)
* 短序 (duǎnxù)
* 緒言 / 绪言 (xùyán)
* 緒論 / 绪论 (xùlùn)
* 自序 (zìxù) (by the author)
* 話頭 / 话头 (Hokkien)
* 踏話頭 / 踏话头 (Hokkien)
* 開場白 / 开场白 (kāichǎngbái)
* 頭序 / 头序 (Hokkien)

### Compounds

* 主序帶 / 主序带
* 主序星 (zhǔxùxīng)
* 亂中有序 / 乱中有序 (luànzhōngyǒuxù)
* 井然有序 (jǐngrányǒuxù)
* 代序 (dàixù)
* 依序 (yīxù)
* 保全程序
* 倫序 / 伦序
* 出言有序
* 分班序齒 / 分班序齿
* 卷繖花序 / 卷伞花序
* 原子序 (yuánzǐxù)
* 原子序數 / 原子序数 (yuánzǐ xùshù)
* 向心花序
* 四序
* 壽序 / 寿序
* 大序
* 孝經序 / 孝经序
* 寒溫序 / 寒温序
* 小序 (xiǎoxù)
* 層序分明 / 层序分明
* 差序 (cīxù)
* 平鋪直序 / 平铺直序
* 序列 (xùliè)
* 序升
* 序卦
* 序大 (sī-tōa) (Min Nan)
* 序幕 (xùmù)
* 序戰 / 序战 (xùzhàn)
* 序數 / 序数 (xùshù)
* 序文 (xùwén)
* 序時帳 / 序时帐
* 序曲 (xùqǔ)
* 序次 (xùcì)
* 序班
* 序目 (xùmù)
* 序言 (xùyán)
* 序論 / 序论
* 序跋 (xùbá)
* 序錄 / 序录 (xùlù)
* 序齒 / 序齿 (xùchǐ)
* 庠序 (xiángxù)
* 循序 (xúnxù)
* 循序漸進 / 循序渐进 (xúnxùjiànjìn)
* 愆序
* 拍序
* 敦序
* 新序 (Xīnxù)
* 旻序 (mínxù)
* 時序 / 时序
* 有限花序
* 本末有序
* 次序 (cìxù)
* 毛序
* 法定程序
* 流水序
* 滕王閣序 / 滕王阁序
* 無序 / 无序 (wúxù)
* 無限花序 / 无限花序
* 班序
* 產銷秩序 / 产销秩序
* 短序 (duǎnxù)
* 破邪論序 / 破邪论序
* 社會秩序 / 社会秩序 (shèhuì zhìxù)
* 秩序 (zhìxù)
* 秩序井然
* 程序 (chéngxù)
* 程序修憲 / 程序修宪
* 程序問題 / 程序问题 (chéngxù wèntí)
* 程序圖 / 程序图
* 程序控制 (chéngxù kòngzhì)
* 程序法 (chéngxùfǎ)
* 程序違建 / 程序违建
* 穗狀花序 / 穗状花序
* 立法程序
* 紀序 / 纪序
* 紛亂無序 / 纷乱无序
* 總狀花序 / 总状花序
* 繖房花序 / 伞房花序
* 聖教序 / 圣教序
* 聚繖花序 / 聚伞花序
* 肉穗花序
* 脫序 / 脱序
* 膠序 / 胶序
* 自序 (zìxù)
* 花序 (huāxù)
* 芳序
* 葉序 / 叶序
* 蘭亭序 / 兰亭序 (Lántíngxù)
* 蘭亭集序 / 兰亭集序
* 詞序 / 词序 (cíxù)
* 詩序 / 诗序
* 語序 / 语序 (yǔxù)
* 贈序 / 赠序
* 輪繖花序 / 轮伞花序
* 逆序
* 長幼有序 / 长幼有序
* 隱頭花序 / 隐头花序
* 雁序
* 順序 / 顺序 (shùnxù)
* 鴈序
* 鷺序 / 鹭序 (lùxù)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “序”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 268.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* order, sequence
* mention, speak
* beginning
* preface
* school
    Synonym: 庠

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)
* Kun: ついで (tsuide, 序で)、のべる (noberu, 序べる)、はしがき (hashigaki, 序)、まなびや (manabiya, 序)

### Noun

For pronunciation and definitions of 序 – see the following entry. :
| 【学まなび舎や】 | [noun] school, school building Alternative spelling 庠 |
(This term, 序, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 序 (MC zjoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔〯 (syě) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 序 (eumhun 차례 서 (charye seo))
* hanja form of 서 (“sequence; order”)
* hanja form of 서 (“preface”)

#### Compounds

* 서론 (序論, seoron)
* 서막 (序幕, seomak)
* 서열 (序列, seoyeol)
* 서장 (序章, seojang)
* 순서 (循序, sunseo)
* 질서 (秩序, jilseo)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

序: Hán Nôm readings: tựa, tự
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.