# 郁

| 郁 | U+90C1, &#37057; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90C1 |
| ← 郀 [U+90C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 郂 → [U+90C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

郁 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 大月弓中 (KBNL) or 難大月弓中 (XKBNL), four-corner 4722$_7$, composition ⿰有阝)

#### Derived characters

* 喐, 𭎺, 𭝣, 𣹙, 𱀢, 㮋, 𭵊, 𩡏, 𦵁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1270, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39371
* Dae Jaweon: page 1769, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3766, character 5
* Unihan data for U+90C1

## Chinese

* 郁 (Cantonese)

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 郁
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 絠 | *kɯːʔ |
| 醢 | *qʰɯːʔ |
| 珛 | *qʰʷɯs |
| 栯 | *ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ |
| 有 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 友 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 右 | *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs |
| 宥 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 囿 | *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ |
| 侑 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 酭 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 姷 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 又 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 佑 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 祐 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 賄 | *qʰʷɯːʔ |
| 蛕 | *qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː |
| 烠 | *ɡʷɯː |
| 倄 | *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ |
| 鮪 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 洧 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 痏 | *ɢʷɯʔ |
| 郁 | *qʷɯ |
| 戫 | *qʷɯ |
| 哊 | *ɡʷɯ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʷɯ): phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) + semantic 邑.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): juk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): iuk
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): é̤ṳk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeh$^6$ / yeh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiok / iok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiog$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$ioq / $^7$iuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^1$
*** Yale: yūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: iuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: iug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: iug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uk̚²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /y²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: é̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /øyʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: e̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /œʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiok
*** Tâi-lô: hiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iok
*** Tâi-lô: iok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔk̚³²/
* hiok - vernacular;
* iok - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit郁 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /y²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /y⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yo³¹/ /y³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /iu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /yəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ioʔ⁵/ /yɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔyəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠ɤu²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /y⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /y²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iut̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vut̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jok̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiɔk̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /øyʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /y²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hiok̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zok̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'juwk
Rime :
| Character | 郁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於六切 |
| Baxter | 'juwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 郁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷək/ |
| English | stately, elegant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 郁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15615 |
| Phonetic component | 又 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 郁 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷɯ/ |

#### Definitions

郁
* Used in 郁夷 (“name of an ancient county in modern-day Shaanxi province”).
* sweet-smelling; rich in aroma; fragrant
* Alternative form of 彧 (yù, “adorned; elegant; ornate”)
* Alternative form of 薁 (“oriental bush berry”)
* Alternative form of 燠 (“warm”)
* fruit which lacks a kernel or stone inside
* a surname
    郁達夫／郁达夫 ― Yù Dáfū ― Yu Dafu (Chinese writer)

#### Compounds

* 淑郁
* 濃郁 (nóngyù)
* 芬郁 (fēnyù)
* 蓊郁 (wěngyù)
* 蔥蔥郁郁
* 蔥郁
* 郁哉
* 郁李 (yùlǐ)
* 郁樸
* 郁烈
* 郁穆
* 郁郁 (yùyù)
* 郁郁青青
* 郁離子
* 郁馥
* 醇郁
* 醲郁
* 馥郁 (fùyù)
* 鬱郁 (yùyù)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 郁 – see 鬱 (“lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick; depressed; gloomy; moody; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鬱).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 郁 – see 喐 (“(Cantonese) to move”). (This character is a variant form of 喐).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* culture, cultural progress
* fragrance, perfume

#### Readings

* Go-on: いく (iku)
* Kan-on: いく (iku)
* Kun: あきらか (akiraka, 郁らか)、かぐわしい (kaguwashii, 郁しい)、さかん (sakan)
* Nanori: あや (aya)、い (i)、か (ka)、かぐわ (kaguwa)、くに (kuni)、かおる (kaoru)、たかし (takashi)、ふみ (fumi)、ゆう (yū)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 郁
* いく Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 郁 (MC 'juwk).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ikɯ̟]

#### Affix

郁(いく) • (iku)
* fragrant; sweet-smelling
* cultured; refined

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かおる [kàórú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠o̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Proper noun

郁(かおる) • (Kaoru)
* a unisex given name

## Korean
### Hanja

郁 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk)
* sweet smelling
* rich in aroma

## Vietnamese
### Han character

郁: Hán Nôm readings: hóc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation