# ad hominem
## English
### Etymology

Ellipsis of the Latin expression argumentum ad hominem (“argument at the person”). It can also mean attacking the messenger.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

ad hominem (plural ad hominems)
* Short for argumentum ad hominem: A fallacious objection to an argument or factual claim by appealing to a characteristic or belief of the person making the argument or claim, rather than by addressing the substance of the argument or producing evidence against the claim; an attempt to argue against an opponent's idea by discrediting the opponent themselves.
* (informal) A personal attack.
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Antonyms

* ad verecundiam (see Wikipedia:Argument from authority)
* appeal to authority
* ipse dixit

#### Hyponyms

* appeal to motive
* argumentum ad feminam
* argumentum ad invidiam
* damn by association (“a.k.a. guilt by association”)
* Kafkatrap
* playing the man and not the ball
* poisoning the well
* tone policing
* traitorous critic fallacy
* tu quoque

#### Translations
### Adjective

ad hominem (not comparable)
* Of or relating to this kind of fallacious objection.
    Well that's an ad hominem argument.

#### Collocations

* ad hominem attack
* ad hominem argument
* ad hominem argumentation
* ad hominem fallacy
* ad hominem criticism
* ad hominem nature
* ad hominem remarks
* ad hominem comments
* ad hominem critique
* ad hominem criticism
* ad hominem style
* ad hominem approach
* ad hominem abuse
* ad hominem basis
* ad hominem point

### Adverb

ad hominem (not comparable)
* In an ad hominem manner.
    He tried to make his case by arguing ad hominem.

### References

* ↑ Byrd, Nick (2017 March 17) “The Bias Fallacy”, in Nick Byrd's Blog‎

### Further reading

* “ad hominem”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “ad hominem”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “ad hominem”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
* “ad hominem”, in Collins English Dictionary.
* “ad hominem” (US) / “ad hominem” (UK) in Macmillan English Dictionary.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad hominem

### Phrase

ad hominem
* ad hominem

### Further reading

* “ad hominem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad hominem.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.d͡ʒi ˈõ.mi.nẽj̃/ [ˈa.d͡ʒi ˈõ.mi.nẽɪ̯̃]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.d͡ʒi ˈõ.mi.nẽj̃/ [ˈa.d͡ʒi ˈõ.mi.nẽɪ̯̃]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.d͡ʒi ˈo.mi.nẽj̃/ [ˈa.d͡ʒi ˈo.mi.nẽɪ̯̃]

### Adjective

ad hominem (invariable)
* (of an argument) ad hominem (being a personal attack)

### Adverb

ad hominem (not comparable)
* in an ad hominem manner

## Spanish
### Adjective

ad hominem (invariable)
* ad hominem

### Adverb

ad hominem
* (Can we verify this sense?) ad hominem

### Further reading

* “ad hominem”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10