# Iran
## English
### Alternative forms

* Irân, Irān, Îrân, Īrān (all rare)

### Etymology

From Iranian Persian ایران (irân), from Classical Persian ایران (ērān), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates. The name of the political entity is a 3rd-century development that derives from the indigenous ethnolinguistic name of the Iranian peoples, i.e. the great variety of Iranian tribes that spoke an Iranian language.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɪˈɹɑːn/, /ɪˈɹæn/
* (US) IPA: /ɪˈɹɑːn/, /ɪˈɹæn/, (proscribed) /aɪˈɹæn/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːn, -æn

### Proper noun

Iran
* A country in West Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran. Capital: Tehran.
** ca. 1675, Jean Chardin (Sir John Chardin), Travels in Persia, 1673-1677, fasc. reprint 1988, Dover, page 126:
    "The Persians, in naming their country, make use of one word, which they indifferently pronounce Iroun, and Iran."
** 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 25:Light was happiness; and the people of Iran, the land of light, were the favourites of heaven; while those of Turan, the gloomy region beyond the mountains to the north, were its enemies.
** 2005, Massoume Price, editor, Iran's Diverse Peoples, ABC-Clio, page xiii:"Iran is a vast and ancient country in a strategic location in the Middle East. It borders Russia, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, the Gulf of Oman, and the Persian Gulf."
* (literary, technical) regions inhabited by the Iranian peoples.
** 1882, James Darmesteter, The Zend-Avesta, volume 1 (SBE, volume 31), Oxford UP, page 7, xxviii:
    "Kavi means a king, but it is particularly used of the kings belonging to the second and most celebrated of the two mythical dynasties of Iran."
    "One certain fact is the occurrence of geographical names [Bactria, Sogdiana, etc] in Vendidad I, which are obviously intended to describe the earliest homes of the Iranian races whose lore was the Avesta."
** 1898, A. V. W. Jackson, Zoroaster: The Prophet of Ancient Iran, Macmillan, page 10:"Zoroaster of Iran. — Zoroaster, it is believed, sprang up in the seventh century before the Christian era, somewhere in the land between the Indus and the Tigris."
** 1909, “Iran”, in John Huston Finley, editor, Nelson's Perpetual Loose-leaf Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 479:"Iran. in early times, the name applied to the great Asiatic plateau which comprised the entire region from the Caucasus, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan on the north to the Tigris, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea on the west and south, and extending to the Indus on the east, likewise comprising the modern Afghanistan and the territory to the north of it as far as the Jaxartes River."
** 1985, J. M. Cooke, “The Rise of the Achaemenids”, in Cambridge Historiy of Iran, volume 2, page 290:"[W]e may surmise that there was a strong sense of Iranian unity lending solidarity to the eastern half of the empire. It is only in the generations after Alexander, in Eudemus and in Eratosthenes (ap. Strabo), that we find mention of the concept of a greater nation of Iran (Arianē) stretching from the Zagros to the Indus; but the sense of unity must have been there, for Herodotus tells us that the Medes were formerly called Arioi, and Darius I (followed by Xerxes) in his inscriptions proclaims himself an Iranian (Ariya) by race - he speaks of himself in ascending order as an Achaemenid, a Persian and an Iranian (Naqsh-i Rustam)."
** 1990, Hubert Darke, “Cambridge History of Iran”, in Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 4, page 724:"[The] Cambridge History of Iran [is] a survey of the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent."

#### Derived terms

* Greater Iran
* Iranianization
* Iranianize
* Iranify
* Iranization
* Iranize
* Iranologist
* Iranology
* Iranophile
* Iranophobe
* Iranophone

#### Related terms

* Iranian

#### Translations
### See also

* Persia (archaic exonym)
* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

### References

* ↑ MacKenzie, David Niel (1998). "Ērān, Ērānšahr". Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 8. Costa Mesa: Mazda, page 534.
* ↑ “Iran”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “Iran”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* Rina, rani, Nair, rain, ARNI, Rain, arni, NIRA, Rian, ARIN, airn, RNAi, Rani, Arin

## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East; capital: Teheran)

#### Derived terms

* Iraniër
* Irannees
* Irans

## Albanian
### Proper noun

Iran m (definite Irani)
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* iranian, iraniane

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɾan/ [i.ɾãn]
* Rhymes: -iɾan, -an
* Hyphenation: I‧ran

### Proper noun

Iran inan
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* irandar (“Iranian”)
* Irango Islamiar Errepublika (“Islamic Republic of Iran”)

#### Related terms

* iraniar (“Iranian”)

#### See also

* Afganistan
* Arabiar Emirerri Batuak
* Armenia
* Azerbaidjan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Birmania
* Brunei
* Ekialdeko Timor
* Errusia
* Filipinak
* Georgia
* Hego Korea
* India
* Indonesia
* Ipar Korea
* Irak
* Iran
* Israel
* Japonia
* Jordania
* Kanbodia
* Kazakhstan
* Kirgizistan
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Libano
* Malaysia
* Maldivas
* Mongolia
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestina
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapur
* Siria
* Sri Lanka
* Tadjikistan
* Taiwan
* Thailandia
* Turkia
* Turkmenistan
* Txina
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen
* Zipre

## Breton
### Proper noun

Iran ?
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [iˈɾan]
* Audio (Valencia):(file)
* Rhymes: -an

### Proper noun

Iran m
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Usage notes

* Catalan uses the definite article l’ in front of Iran, but not in enumerations (such as "Canada, China and Iran are big countries.")

#### Derived terms

* iranià

## Central Nahuatl
### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

## Danish
### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* iraner
* iransk

## Dutch
### Etymology

Ultimately from Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyʿʾn). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈrɑn/, (somewhat dated) /iˈraːn/, (dated) /ˈiː.rɑn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Iran

### Proper noun

Iran n
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* Iraans, Iraanse
* Iraniër

### See also

* Perzisch (archaic exonym)

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiːɹan/
* Homophone: iðran

### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* iranskur

### Anagrams

* Arni
* Rani

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Persian ایران.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈirɑn/, [ˈirɑ̝n]
* Rhymes: -irɑn
* Hyphenation: I‧ran

### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of Iran (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Iranini
accusative
nom.
Iranini
gen.
Iranini
genitive
Iranini
partitive
Iraniani
inessive
Iranissani
elative
Iranistani
illative
Iraniini
adessive
Iranillani
ablative
Iraniltani
allative
Iranilleni
essive
Iraninani
translative
Iranikseni
abessive
Iranittani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Iranisi
accusative
nom.
Iranisi
gen.
Iranisi
genitive
Iranisi
partitive
Iraniasi
inessive
Iranissasi
elative
Iranistasi
illative
Iraniisi
adessive
Iranillasi
ablative
Iraniltasi
allative
Iranillesi
essive
Iraninasi
translative
Iraniksesi
abessive
Iranittasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Iranimme
accusative
nom.
Iranimme
gen.
Iranimme
genitive
Iranimme
partitive
Iraniamme
inessive
Iranissamme
elative
Iranistamme
illative
Iraniimme
adessive
Iranillamme
ablative
Iraniltamme
allative
Iranillemme
essive
Iraninamme
translative
Iraniksemme
abessive
Iranittamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Iraninne
accusative
nom.
Iraninne
gen.
Iraninne
genitive
Iraninne
partitive
Iranianne
inessive
Iranissanne
elative
Iranistanne
illative
Iraniinne
adessive
Iranillanne
ablative
Iraniltanne
allative
Iranillenne
essive
Iraninanne
translative
Iraniksenne
abessive
Iranittanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Iraninsa
accusative
nom.
Iraninsa
gen.
Iraninsa
genitive
Iraninsa
partitive
Iraniaan Iraniansa
inessive
Iranissaan Iranissansa
elative
Iranistaan Iranistansa
illative
Iraniinsa
adessive
Iranillaan Iranillansa
ablative
Iraniltaan Iraniltansa
allative
Iranilleen Iranillensa
essive
Iraninaan Iraninansa
translative
Iranikseen Iraniksensa
abessive
Iranittaan Iranittansa
instructive
comitative

#### Derived terms

* iranilainen
* iraninmyyrä
* iraninruohomyyrä

### Anagrams

* Arin, arin

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ʁɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑ̃

### Proper noun

Iran m
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East; official name: République islamique d’Iran)

#### Related terms

* iranien, iranienne

### See also

* persane (archaic exonym)
* Perse (archaic exonym)

### See also

* Afghanistan
* Arabie saoudite
* Arménie
* Azerbaïdjan
* Bahreïn
* Bangladesh
* Bhoutan
* Birmanie
* Brunei
* Cambodge
* Chine
* Chypre
* Corée du Nord
* Corée du Sud
* Émirats arabes unis
* Géorgie
* Inde
* Indonésie
* Irak
* Iran
* Israël
* Japon
* Jordanie
* Kazakhstan
* Kirghizistan
* Koweït
* Laos
* Liban
* Malaisie
* Maldives
* Mongolie
* Népal
* Oman
* Ouzbékistan
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russie
* Singapour
* Sri Lanka
* Syrie
* Tadjikistan
* Thaïlande
* Timor oriental
* Turkménistan
* Turquie
* Vietnam
* Yémen

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈʁaːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Proper noun

Iran n (proper noun, genitive Irans or (optionally with an article) Iran)
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

### Proper noun

Iran m (proper noun, strong, genitive Irans or Iran)
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Usage notes

* The word is sometimes used without a definite article as in English: Iran, in Iran. In this case, the genitive is always Irans, for example Irans Hauptstadt – "Iran's capital".
* More commonly, however, the definite article is used with the name: der Iran, im Iran. In this case, the genitive usually is des Iran, although des Irans is also correct: die Hauptstadt des Iran(s) – "the capital of Iran".

#### Derived terms

* Iraner
* iranisch

#### Related terms

* Iranier

### See also

* Persien

### Further reading

* “Iran” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates. Doublet of aria, arya, Arya, and ayah.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈiran/ [ˈi.ran]
* Rhymes: -iran
* Syllabification: I‧ran

### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

### See also

* Afganistan
* Arab Saudi
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Filipina
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Irak
* Iran
* Israel
* Jepang
* Kamboja
* Kazakhstan
* Kirgizstan
* Korea Selatan
* Korea Utara
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Libanon
* Maladewa
* Malaysia
* Mesir
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestina
* Qatar
* Rusia
* Singapura
* Siprus
* Sri Lanka
* Suriah
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor Leste
* Tiongkok
* Turki
* Turkmenistan
* Uni Emirat Arab
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yaman
* Yordania

### Further reading

* “Iran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.ran/, (traditional) /iˈran/
* Rhymes: -iran, (traditional) -an
* Hyphenation: Ì‧ran, (traditional) I‧ràn

### Proper noun

Iran m
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* iraniano
* iranico
* iranista

### See also

* Persia (archaic exonym)

### References

* ↑ Iran in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* Rina, nari

## Japanese
### Romanization

Iran
* Rōmaji transcription of イラン

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪˈraːn/

### Proper noun

L-Iran m
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East; official name: Repubblika Iżlamika tal-Iran)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* iraner
* iransk

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Proper noun

Iran
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* iranar
* iransk

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.ran/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iran
* Syllabification: I‧ran

### Proper noun

Iran m
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* irański
* Iranka
* Irańczyk

### Further reading

* Iran in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Iran in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Iran n
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǐraːn/
* Hyphenation: I‧ran

### Proper noun

Ìrān m (Cyrillic spelling Ѝра̄н)
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Iran n (genitive Irans)
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* iranier
* iransk
* iranska

### References

* Iran in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* Svensk MeSH

### Anagrams

* inar, rian

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Irán (“Iran”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiˈɾan/ [ʔɪˈɾan̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: I‧ran

### Proper noun

Irán (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜈ᜔)
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Coordinate terms

* Apganistan
* Armenya ~ Armenia
* Aserbayan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Biyetnam
* Brunei ~ Brunay
* Ehipto
* Emiratos Arabes Unidos
* Hapon
* Heorhiya
* Hilagang Korea
* Indiya
* Indonesya ~ Indonesia
* Irak
* Iran
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kambodya
* Kazakhstan
* Kirgistan
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Libano, Lebanon
* Malasya, Malaysia
* Maldibas, Maldives
* Mongolya ~ Mongolia
* Myanmar, Birmanya
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestina
* Pilipinas
* Qatar
* Rusya
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapura
* Sirya ~ Siria
* Sri Lanka
* Tayikistan ~ Tajikistan
* Taylandiya
* Taywan
* Timog Korea
* Timor-Leste, Silangang Timor
* Tsina
* Tsipre
* Turkiya
* Turkmenistan
* Usbekistan
* Yemen

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪˈran/
* Rhymes: -an

### Proper noun

Iran f
* Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Coordinate terms

* Affganistan
* Armenia
* Aserbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Bahrain
* Bhwtan
* Brwnei
* Cambodia
* Casachstan
* Catar
* Cirgistan
* Coweit
* Cyprus
* De Corea
* Dwyrain Timor
* Fietnam
* Georgia
* Gogledd Corea
* Gwlad Tai
* Gwlad yr Iorddonen
* Iemen
* India
* Indonesia
* Irac
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* Laos
* Libanus
* Maldives
* Maleisia
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pacistan
* Palesteina
* Rwsia
* Sawdi Arabia
* Singapôr
* Sri Lanca
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Tajicistan
* Tsieina
* Twrci
* Tyrcmenistan
* Wsbecistan
* y Philipinau
* yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig

#### Derived terms

* Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Iran (“Islamic Republic of Iran”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.