# شمشیر
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Persian شمشیر (šamšir).

#### Pronunciation

* (educated) IPA: [ʃɛm.ˈʃiɾ]
* (common) IPA: [ʃim.ˈʃiɾ]

#### Noun

شمشیر • (şemşir, şimşir)
* sword, sabre
    Synonyms: (sword) سیف (seyf), قلج (kılıc)

##### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: շիմշիր (šimšir)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃim.ˈʃiɾ]

#### Noun

شمشیر • (şimşir)
* alternative form of چمشیر (çimşir, “box tree”)

### Further reading

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شمشیر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 734
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Gladius”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 652
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شمشیر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 2860–2861
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شمشیر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1136

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šmšyl /⁠šamšēr⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (špšyl), 𐫢𐫜𐫢𐫏𐫡 (šfšyr /⁠šafšēr⁠/, “sword”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫘𐫜𐫘𐫏𐫡 (sfsyr /⁠safsēr⁠/, “sword”). Compare Iranian borrowings Old Armenian սուսեր (suser, “sword”), Classical Syriac ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic ספסרא, ספסירא (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Ancient Greek σαμψήρα (sampsḗra, “foreign sword”), and possibly Italian scimitarra (“scimitar”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃam.ʃeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäm.ʃeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäm.ʃeːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃäm.ʃeːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃäm.ʃeːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃæm.ʃiːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃäm.ʃeɾ]

### Noun

شمشیر • (šamšir) (plural شمشیرها (šamšir-hâ))
* sword, scimitar, shamshir
    Synonym: (archaic) سیف (seyf)

#### Derived terms

* شمشیرزن (šamširzan)

#### Related terms

* شفشه (šafše), شوشه (šuše, “ingot”).

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: শমশের (śomośer)
* → Ottoman Turkish: شمشیر (şemşir, şimşir)
** → Middle Armenian: շիմշիր (šimšir)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਮਸ਼ੀਰ (śamśīr)
    Shahmukhi script: شمشیر (śamśīr)
* → Urdu: شمشیر (śamśīr)
* → Zazaki: şımşêr

### References

* “spsyr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šafšēr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
* M. J. Kümmel, "Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel", 2010, page 33

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شمشیر (šamšēr, “scimitar”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃəm.ʃiːɾ/, /ʃəm.ʃeːɾ/
* Rhymes: -iːɾ, -eːɾ

### Noun

شمشیر • (śamśīr or śamśer) f (Hindi spelling शमशेर or शमशीर)
* sword; scimitar, shamshir
    Synonym: تلوار (talvār)

#### Derived terms

* شَمْشِیْرْ زَن (śamśīr-zan, “swordsman”)
* شَمْشِیر زَنی (śamśīr-zanī, “swordsmanship”)
* شَمْشِیرِ بَرْہَنَہ (śamśīr-e-barahna, “unsheathed sword; a warrior”, literally “naked scimitar”)
* شَمْشِیر کَشِیدَہ (śamśīr-e-kaśīda, “drawn scimitar”)
* شَمْشِیرِ ہِلالی (śamśīr-e-hilālī, “scimitar-shaped crescent moon”)

### References

* “شمشیر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “شمشیر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “شمشیر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “شمشیر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.