OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# oilman
## English
### Etymology

From oil +‎ -man.

### Noun

oilman (plural oilmen)
* Somebody involved in the production, refinement or delivery of oil; such as an oil field worker or executive, or the owner of an oil well.
* (dated) A retailer who sells vegetable oils, and food preserved in oil
** 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:If the wife buys fish or vegetables in the street, as is generally done, she will, at the same time, buy her piece of bacon or cheese at the cheesemonger’s, her small quantity of tea and sugar at the grocer’s, her fire-wood at the oilman’s, or her pound of beef or liver at the butcher’s.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Maolin, Molina, aminol, lamino-, monial, nomial, -nomial
# linger on
## English
### Verb

linger on (third-person singular simple present lingers on, present participle lingering on, simple past and past participle lingered on)
* (idiomatic, transitive) To continue to ponder or observe something for longer than normal.
# Mbappé
## French
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /m̩ˈbaˌpe/, /ɛm.ba.pe/

### Proper noun

Mbappé ?
* a surname

#### Descendants

* English: Mbappe
# Yngvarr
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* Ingvarr

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Norse *Inguharjaz. The first part (*Ingu-, Yngv-) is from Proto-Germanic *Ingwaz. The second part (*harjaR, -arr) stems from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”).

### Proper noun

Yngvarr m
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: Ingvar, Yngvar
* Faroese: Ingvar, Yngvar
* Norwegian: Ingvar, Yngvar
* Old Swedish: Inguar, Ingvar
** Swedish: Ingvar, Yngvar
* → Belarusian: І́гар (Íhar)
* → Carpathian Rusyn: І́ґорь (Ígorʹ)
* → Pannonian Rusyn: Иґор (Igor)
* → Russian: И́горь (Ígorʹ)
* → Ukrainian: І́гор (Íhor)

### Further reading

Ingvar; in: Eivind Vågslid, Norderlendske fyrenamn, 1988, →ISBN
# mặn
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *-maɲʔ (“salted”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [man˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [maŋ˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [maŋ˨˩˨]

### Adjective

mặn • (曼, 𪉾, 𠼦, 慢, 漫, 𪉽)
* salty (tasting of salt)
    nước mặn ― salty water
* (of foods) too salty
* having meat or fish; not vegan
    Antonyms: chay (“vegan”), ngọt (“sweet”)
* (figurative, colloquial) passionate; ardent

#### Derived terms

* mặn chát
* mặn đắng
* mặn mà
* mặn mòi
* mặt lè
* nước mặn

#### See also

* muối
Basic tastes in Vietnamese (layout · text) :
| ngọt | chua | mặn | đắng | cay | ngọt, ngọt thịt |
# translationese
## English
### Etymology

From translation +‎ -ese.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

translationese (uncountable)
* (translation studies) Language exhibiting awkwardness or ungrammaticality of translation, such as due to overly literal translation of idioms or syntax.
    Synonyms: translatese, translatorese
** 2021, M.D. Usher, transl., edited by M.D. Usher, How to Be a Farmer: An Ancient Guide to Life on the Land (Ancient Wisdom for Modern Readers series)‎, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page xiii:Note on the Sources and Translations / Some of the works translated here are poetic in form. Hesiod, the hymnists, Lucretius, Vergil, and Horace, for example, all wrote in meter. I have not attempted to render these works metrically in English, and to capture all the irony, double-entendres, and wordplay of these texts was simply not possible, though I have striven to communicate some of their poetic qualities. In any event, at every turn I have studiously avoided translationese, while still trying to convey accurately what a given author actually wrote and meant. I hope I have succeeded, and also captured something of each writer's personality and charm.
# цецилия
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Transliteration of the scientific name Caeciliidae, ultimately from Latin caecus (“blind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sɛˈt͡silijɐ]

### Noun

цеци́лия • (cecílija) f (relational adjective цеци́лиев)
* caecilian (limbless vermiform amphibian of clade Apoda, native to the tropics; the only extant branch of order Gymnophiona)
    Synonym: безкра́ко земново́дно (bezkráko zemnovódno)

#### Alternative forms

* цеци́лий m (cecílij)

#### Hyponyms

* обикнове́ни цеци́лии (obiknovéni cecílii, “family Caeciliidae (literally: common caecilians)”)
* голе́ми цеци́лии (golémi cecílii, “family Dermophiidae”) (literally: great caecilians)
* пръстенча́ти цеци́лии (prǎstenčáti cecílii, “family Siphonopidae”) (literally: ringed caecilians)
* опаша́ти цеци́лии (opašáti cecílii, “family Rhinatrematidae”) (literally: tailed caecilians)
* во́дни цеци́лии (vódni cecílii, “family Typhlonectidae”) (literally: aquatic caecilians)
* рибозми́йски цеци́лии (ribozmíjski cecílii, “family Ichthyophiidae”) (literally: ichtoserpentine caecilians)
# co-herdeiras
## Portuguese
### Noun

co-herdeiras
* plural of co-herdeira
# محمصة
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَحْمَصَة (maḥmaṣa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maħ.ma.sˤe/, [ˈmaħ.mɑ.sˤɑ]
* IPA: /maħ.ma.sˤa/, [ˈmaħ.mɑ.sˤɑ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

محمصة • (maḥmaṣa) f (plural محمصات (maḥmaṣāt))
* roaster
    محمصة قهوة ― maḥmaṣet ʔahwe ― coffee roaster
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
* toaster
    محمصة خبز ― maḥmaṣet ḵubz ― bread toaster
    Synonym: توستر (tōster)
# تعظيم
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of عَظَّمَ (ʕaẓẓama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʕ.ðˤiːm/
* Rhymes: -iːm

### Noun

تَعْظِيم • (taʕẓīm) m
* verbal noun of عَظَّمَ (ʕaẓẓama) (form II)
* honoring, glorification, reverencing

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: təzim
* → Kazakh: тағзым (tağzym)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تعظیم (tazim)
** Turkish: tazim
* → Persian: تعظیم
** → Marwari: ताजीम (tājīm)
** → Urdu: تعظیم (ta'zīm)
* → Turkmen: tagzym
* → Uzbek: taʼzim

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Arabic تَعْظِيم (taʕẓīm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌta.a.ˈdim/

### Noun

تعظيم (Rumi taadim)
* homage, respect
* tribute

### Verb

تعظيم (Rumi taadim)
* (transitive) to honor, revere
    ڠومي ميتعظيم اين ― ngomi mitaadim ena ― we (excl.) revere it
* (intransitive) to show respect

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# كلأ
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.la.ʔa/

### Verb

كَلَأَ • (kalaʔa) I (non-past يَكْلَأُ (yaklaʔu), verbal noun كَلْء (kalʔ) or كِلَاءَة (kilāʔa) or كِلَاء (kilāʔ))
* to guard, to protect
* to be postponed, to be delayed, to be long
    كَلَأَ ٱلدَّيْنُ ― kalaʔa d-daynu ― The paying of the debt was postponed.
    كَلَأَ عُمْرُهَاkalaʔa ʕumruhāHer life came to an end.(literally, “Her life was long.”)
* to fix repeatedly one's look at
    كَلَأَ بَصَرَهُ فِي شَيْءٍkalaʔa baṣarahu fī šayʔinHe repeatedly turned his eye to a thing.
* to beat, to whip
# تخطى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.xatˤ.tˤaː/

### Verb

تَخَطَّى • (taḵaṭṭā) V (non-past يَتَخَطَّى (yataḵaṭṭā), verbal noun تَخَطٍّ (taḵaṭṭin))
* to overstep, to step over, to walk over
    تَخَطَّى عَتَبَةَ بَيْتِهِtaḵaṭṭā ʕatabata baytihiHe stepped over the threshold of his house.
    تَخَطَّى عَنِّي بَصَرُكَtaḵaṭṭā ʕannī baṣarukaYour eye/sight passed me over.
* to skip
    بابا فرانسيس يتخطى موكب الجمعة العظيمة ― Pole Francis skips Good Friday procession.
# عادم
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of عَدِمَ (ʕadima, “to lose”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaː.dim/

### Noun

عَادِم • (ʕādim) m (plural عَوَادِم (ʕawādim))
* waste, exhaust
    أُنْبُوبُ ٱلْعَادِمِ ― ʔunbūbu l-ʕādimi ― exhaust pipe.

#### Declension
### Adjective

عَادِم • (ʕādim) (feminine عَادِمَة (ʕādima), masculine plural عَادِمُون (ʕādimūn) or عَوَادِم (ʕawādim), feminine plural عَادِمَات (ʕādimāt))
* active participle of عَدِمَ (ʕadima)
* devoid
    مَا أَنَا عَادِمُ الجَوَابِ وَلَكِن مَا مِنَ الأُسْدِ أَنْ تُجِيبَ الكِلَابmā ʔanā ʕādimu al-jawābi walakin mā mina l-ʔusdi ʔan tujība l-kilābI am not devoid of an answer, but: it is not necessary for a lion to answer the dogs.
# قرم
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.ra.ma/

### Verb

قَرَمَ • (qarama) I (non-past يَقْرِمُ (yaqrimu), verbal noun قَرْم (qarm) or قُرُوم (qurūm) or قَرَمَان (qaramān))
* to gnaw, to nibble

#### Conjugation
### Noun

قُرْم or قُرَّم • (qurm or qurram) m
* (Al-Fujayra, Oman, Yemen) grey mangrove, white mangrove, Avicennia marina (so-called because it was exploited as camel-fodder and their green fruits and sometimes salty leaves were eaten by shepherds)
    Synonym: شُورَى (šūrā)
** 2019 June 2, “2500 شتلة قرم في «البدية»”, in al-ʾimārāt al-yawm‎:

#### Alternative forms

* قُرَّام (qurrām)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Crimean Tatar Qırım, possibly via Ottoman Turkish قریم (Kırım).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qi.ɾim]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qɪ.ɾɪm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qɪ.ɾɪm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qɪ.ɾɪm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qi.ɾim]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qe.ɹem]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qɾim]

### Proper noun

قرم • (qerem)
* (dated or Tajik) Crimea
    Synonym: کریمه (kerime)
    نورالدوله دومین و چهارمین از خانان قرم است. بار اول از سال ۸۷۱ تا ۸۷۳ ه.ق. و دیگر بار از ۸۷۸ تا ۸۸۲ حکم رانده است.nur-od-dowle dovomin o čahâromin az xânân-e qerem ast. bâr-e avval az sâl-e 871 tâ 873 h.q. va digar bâr az 878 tâ 882 hokm rânde ast.Nur Devlet was the second and fourth of the khans of Crimea. He ruled the first time from 871 to 873 AH and the second time from 878 to 882.

#### Derived terms

* قرمی (qeremi, “Crimean”)

### References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “قرم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
# بقرب
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic يَقْرُبُ (yaqrubu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /biʔ.rab/, [ˈbɪʔ.rab]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /biɡ.rab/, [ˈbɪɡ.rab]

### Verb

بقرب • (biʔrab) I
* to be related to (someone)
    بقربلي. ― biʔrab-li ― He is related to me.
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Usage notes

This verb has no attested past tense form.

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of بقرب (biʔrab) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| present | m | بقرب (baʔrab) | بتقرب (btiʔrab) | بقرب (biʔrab) | منقرب (mniʔrab) | بتقربو (btiʔrabu) | بقربو (biʔrabu) |
| present | f | بقرب (baʔrab) | بتقربي (btiʔrabi) | بتقرب (btiʔrab) | منقرب (mniʔrab) | بتقربو (btiʔrabu) | بقربو (biʔrabu) |
| subjunctive | m | أقرب (ʔaʔrab) | تقرب (tiʔrab) | يقرب (yiʔrab) | نقرب (niʔrab) | تقربو (tiʔrabu) | يقربو (yiʔrabu) |
| subjunctive | f | أقرب (ʔaʔrab) | تقربي (tiʔrabi) | تقرب (tiʔrab) | نقرب (niʔrab) | تقربو (tiʔrabu) | يقربو (yiʔrabu) |
| imperative | m | | اقرب (iʔrab) | | | اقربو (iʔrabu) | |
| imperative | f | | اقربي (iʔrabi) | | | اقربو (iʔrabu) | |
# مقبول
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of the verb قَبِلَ (qabila, “to accept”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maq.buːl/
* Rhymes: -uːl

### Adjective

مَقْبُول • (maqbūl) (feminine مَقْبُولَة (maqbūla), masculine plural مَقْبُولُونَ (maqbūlūna), feminine plural مَقْبُولَات (maqbūlāt))
* passive participle of قَبِلَ (qabila)
** acceptable, accepted, admissible, acknowledged
** (Islam) accepted (an accepted Hadith)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: məqbul
* → Persian: مقبول
** → Hindi: मक़बूल (maqbūl)
** → Urdu: مَقبُول (maqbūl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: مقبول (makbûl)
** Turkish: makbul
** → Ladino: mahpul
* → Uyghur: مەقبۇل (meqbul)
* → Uzbek: maqbul

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَقْبُول (maqbūl), passive participle of قَبِلَ (qabila, “to accept”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maq.buːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäq.buːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäq.buːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mäq.buːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mäq.bul̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʁ.buːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäq.bul]

### Adjective

مقبول • (maqbûl)
* (all dialects) accepted, assenting
* (chiefly Dari) beautiful, pretty, lovely, elegant; handsome
    مویش خیلی مقبوله! (colloquial Dari) ― mūyš-i xēlī maqbūl-a! ― their hair is very pretty!
* (chiefly Dari) cute, adorable
* known

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مقبول (maqbūl), from Arabic مَقْبُول (maqbūl), passive participle of قَبِلَ (qabila, “to accept”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /məq.buːl/
* Rhymes: -uːl
* Hyphenation: مَق‧بُول

### Adjective

مَقبُول • (maqbūl) (Hindi spelling मक़बूल)
* accepted, assenting
* known
    Synonyms: نامِی (nāmī), پْرَکھْیات (prakhyāt), وِکھْیات (vikhyāt), مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf), مَشْہُور (maśhūr)

### References

* “مقبول”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “مقبول”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
# اختلس
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ix.ta.la.sa/

### Verb

اِخْتَلَسَ • (iḵtalasa) VIII (non-past يَخْتَلِسُ (yaḵtalisu), verbal noun اِخْتِلَاس (iḵtilās))
* to embezzle
    Synonym: غَلَّ (ḡalla)
    اِخْتَلَسَ أَمْوَالَ ٱلْبَلَدِيَّةِ.iḵtalasa ʔamwāla l-baladiyyati.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to do furtively, to sneak in, to turn (النَّظَر (an-naẓar), الْخُطُوَات (al-ḵuṭuwāt) …)
# انثقب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.θa.qa.ba/

### Verb

اِنْثَقَبَ • (inṯaqaba) VII (non-past يَنْثَقِبُ (yanṯaqibu), verbal noun اِنْثِقَاب (inṯiqāb))
* to be pierced, to be punctured
    اِنْثَقَبَ إِطَارُ عَجَلَةِ سَيَّارَتِنَاinṯaqaba ʔiṭāru ʕajalati sayyāratināWe've got a puncture. / We've got a flat tire.
# جغتائي
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* جَغَطَائِيّ (jaḡaṭāʔiyy)

### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of جَغَتَاي (jaḡatāy, “Chaghatay (Mongol ruler)”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.ɣa.taː.ʔijj/

### Adjective

جَغَتَائِيّ • (jaḡatāʔiyy) (feminine جَغَتَائِيَّة (jaḡatāʔiyya), masculine plural جَغَتَائِيُّونَ (jaḡatāʔiyyūna), feminine plural جَغَتَائِيَّات (jaḡatāʔiyyāt))
* of or relating to Chaghatay (Mongol ruler)
    الدَّوْلَة ٱلْجَغَتَائِيَّة ― ad-dawla(t) l-jaḡatāʔiyya ― the Chaghatay state
    اللُّغَة ٱلْجَغَتَائِيَّة ― al-luḡa(t) l-jaḡatāʔiyya ― the Chaghatay language

#### Derived terms

* جَغَتَائِيَّة (jaḡatāʔiyya)
# ألتائي
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* أَلْطَائِيّ (ʔalṭāʔiyy)

### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of أَلْتَاي (ʔaltāy, “the Altay (mountain range)”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔal.taː.ʔijj/

### Adjective

أَلْتَائِيّ • (ʔaltāʔiyy) (feminine أَلْتَائِيَّة (ʔaltāʔiyya), masculine plural أَلْتَائِيُّونَ (ʔaltāʔiyyūna), feminine plural أَلْتَائِيَّات (ʔaltāʔiyyāt))
* of or relating to the Altay (mountain range); Altaic
    اللُّغَات الْأَلْتَائِيَّة ― al-luḡāt al-ʔaltāʔiyya ― the Altaic languages
# عسى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.saː/

### Verb

عَسَى • (ʕasā) I (non-past اِعْسِ (iʕsi), verbal noun ?)
* it is hoped [with non-past or أَن (ʔan, + subjunctive clause)]
    Synonyms: (rare) حَرَى (ḥarā), (rare) اِخْلَوْلَقَ (iḵlawlaqa)
    عَسَى ٱلْمُشْكِلَةُ تُحَلُّ.ʕasā l-muškilatu tuḥallu.I hope the problem will be resolved.
    عَسَى ٱلطَّالِبُ أَنْ يَنْجَحَ فِي ٱلاِمْتِحَانِ.ʕasā ṭ-ṭālibu ʔan yanjaḥa fī l-imtiḥāni.I hope the student succeeds in the exam.
    عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ ٱلْغَدُ أَفْضَلَ.ʕasā ʔan yakūna l-ḡadu ʔafḍala.Tomorrow is another day.
* to be near, to be possible, perhaps [with non-past or أَن (ʔan, + subjunctive clause)]
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 60:7:عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَوَدَّةًʕasā al-lahu ʔan yajʕala baynakum wabayna llaḏīna ʕādaytum minhum mawaddatanAllah may bring about goodwill between you and those of them you hold as enemies.

#### Conjugation

This is a defective verb. It has only perfect (past) tense and isn't usually conjugated, but it can be:
# حرى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.raː/

### Verb

حَرَى • (ḥarā) I (non-past يَحْرِي (yaḥrī), verbal noun حَرْي (ḥary))
* to become scarce (e.g. of food)
* to be or become angry
* to intend, to aim for (a goal, etc.)

#### Conjugation
### Verb

حَرَى • (ḥarā) (invariable) (archaic)
* (impersonal) it is hoped, it may be [with أَن (ʔan, + subjunctive clause) ‘that ...’]
    Synonyms: عَسَى (ʕasā), (archaic) اِخْلَوْلَقَ (iḵlawlaqa)
    حَرَى ٱلطَّبِيبُ أَنْ يُعَالِجَ ٱلْمَرْضَى.ḥarā ṭ-ṭabību ʔan yuʕālija l-marḍā.It is hoped that the doctor cures the patients

#### Usage notes

* This verb is defective and does not conjugate or receive mood endings; it is used the same way with the same final vowels in all contexts.
* The verbs حَرَى (ḥarā) and اِخْلَوْلَقَ (iḵlawlaqa) are rarely used in contemporary Arabic.
# خادوم
## Arabic
### Noun

خَادُوم • (ḵādūm) m (plural خَوَادِيم (ḵawādīm))
* (computing) server
    يُتَمُّ تَحْدِيثُ الْبَرَمَجِيَّاتِ عَلَى الْخَادِمِ بِانْتِظَامٍ.Software updates are regularly applied to the server.
    تَعْطُلُ الْخَادُومُ الْلَّيْلَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ، مُسَّبًّبًا انْقِطَاعًا مُؤَقَّتًا فِي خِدْمَاتِنَا عَبْرَ الْإِنْتِرْنِت.The server malfunctioned last night, causing a temporary interruption in our internet services.
# أثاري
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

See the etymology at North Levantine Arabic تاري (tāri).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔa.taː.ri/, /ʔa.θaː.ri/

### Particle

أثاري • (ʔatāri or ʔaṯāri)
* (exclamative) that's why, apparently
    قعدت أدور فين موقف أحمد، أثاريه موقف ورا البيتɡaʕadt ʔadawwir fēn muwaggif ʔaḥmad, ʔatārī muwaggif wara al-bētI went looking where Ahmad Parked, apparently he was parking behind the house
* it seems, it looks like, it should be
    أثاريك فاهم ― ʔatārīk fāhim ― So...it looks like you already understand
# فخري
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of فَخْر (faḵr, “pride”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ف خ ر (f ḵ r).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fax.rijj/

### Adjective

فَخْرِيّ • (faḵriyy) (feminine فَخْرِيَّة (faḵriyya), masculine plural فَخْرِيُّونَ (faḵriyyūna), feminine plural فَخْرِيَّات (faḵriyyāt))
* honorary (Given as an honor, with no duties attached, and without payment)
    Synonym: شَرَفِيّ (šarafiyy)
    شَهَادَة فَخْرِيَّة ― šahāda(t) faḵriyya ― honorary degree
    مَنْصِب فَخْرِيّ ― manṣib faḵriyy ― honorary position

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: fəxri
* → Ottoman Turkish: فخری
** → Turkish: fahri
** → Crimean Tatar: fahriy
* → Uyghur: پەخرى (pexri)
* → Uzbek: faxriy
# عصبة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Instance noun from عَصَبَ (ʕaṣaba, “to bind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕusˤ.ba/

### Noun

عُصْبَة • (ʕuṣba) f (plural عُصَب (ʕuṣab) or عُصُبَات (ʕuṣubāt) or عُصْبَات (ʕuṣbāt))
* a league (a group or association of cooperating members)
    عُصْبَةُ الأُمَم ― ʕuṣbatu al-ʔumam ― League of Nations
* a faction (a group of people)
* a clique (a small, exclusive group of individuals)
# تشويه
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʃ.wiːh/

### Noun

تَشْوِيه • (tašwīh) m
* verbal noun of شَوَّهَ (šawwaha) (form II)
* disfiguring, mutilating
* defaming, slandering, tarnishing (reputation)
    حَمْلَة تَشْوِيه سُمْعَة ― ḥamla(t) tašwīh sumʕa ― a smear campaign
# قارس
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* قَارِص (qāriṣ) — alternative spelling

### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of قَرَسَ (qarasa, “to bite”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qaː.ris/

### Adjective

قَارِس • (qāris) (feminine قَارِسَة (qārisa), masculine plural قَارِسُون (qārisūn), feminine plural قَارِسَات (qārisāt))
* biting, bitter, harsh (used to describe extreme cold)
    شِتَاء قَارِس ― šitāʔ qāris ― a harsh winter
    بَرْد قَارِس ― bard qāris ― a bitter cold
# انفرادي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of اِنْفِرَاد (infirād, “seclusion”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ف ر د (f r d).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.fi.raː.dijj/

### Adjective

اِنْفِرَادِيّ • (infirādiyy) (feminine اِنْفِرَادِيَّة (infirādiyya), masculine plural اِنْفِرَادِيُّونَ (infirādiyyūna), feminine plural اِنْفِرَادِيَّات (infirādiyyāt))
* (law) solitary
    حَبْس اِنْفِرَادِيّ ― ḥabs infirādiyy ― solitary confinement

#### Descendants

* → Persian: انفرادی
** → Hindi: इन्फ़िरादी (infirādī)
** → Urdu: انفرادی
# معدني
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of مَعْدِن (maʕdin, “metal”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ.di.nijj/

### Adjective

مَعْدِنِيّ • (maʕdiniyy) (feminine مَعْدِنِيَّة (maʕdiniyya), masculine plural مَعْدِنِيُّونَ (maʕdiniyyūna), feminine plural مَعْدِنِيَّات (maʕdiniyyāt))
* (relational, metallurgy) of metal, metallic
* (relational) mineral
    مِيَاه مَعْدِنِيَّة ― miyāh maʕdiniyya ― mineral water

#### Descendants

* → Persian: معدنی
* → Ottoman Turkish: معدنی
** → Turkish: madenî
# دبل
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English double

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dəbəl/

#### Noun

دَبَل • (dabal) m (plural دَبَلات (dabalāt))
* double
    سعر السهم صار دبل ― siʕr is-saham ṣār dabal ― The price of the stock became double
* (in the plural) -fold
    اسعار التذاكر زادت اربع دبلات قبل الرحلة بيومasʕār it-taḏākir zādat arbaʕ dabalāt gabḷ ir-riḥla b-yōmthe prices of the tickets increased fourfold one day before the journey

##### Derived terms

* دوبل (dōbal, “to cause to double, to cause to increase twofold”)
* تدوبل (tdōbal, “to double, to increase twofold”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɪbəl/

#### Noun

دِبَل • (dibal)
* plural of دبلة (dibla)
# غدو
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of غَدَا (ḡadā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣu.duww/

### Noun

غُدُوّ • (ḡuduww) m
* verbal noun of غَدَا (ḡadā) (form I)
* daybreak, early morning, time between fajr and sunrise
    Synonym: غَدَاة (ḡadāh)
    Coordinate term: رَوَاح (rawāḥ)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:36:يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ فِيهَا بِٱلْغُدُوِّ وَٱلْـَٔاصَالِHe is glorified there morning and evening.
* morning journey
    مَن اِشْتَدَّ إِلْحَاحُهُ تَوَالَى غُدُوُّهُ وَرَوَاحُهُman ištadda ʔilḥāḥuhu tawālā ḡuduwwuhu warawāḥuhuWhoever becomes persistent, his coming and going become more frequent (Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 34:12:وَلِسُلَيْمَـٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌۭ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌۭ ۖAnd to Solomon ˹We subjected˺ the wind: its morning stride was a month’s journey and so was its evening stride.
# مصفف
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of صَفَّفَ (ṣaffafa, “to arrange in a line”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.sˤaf.faf/

### Adjective

مُصَفَّف • (muṣaffaf) (feminine مُصَفَّفَة (muṣaffafa), masculine plural مُصَفَّفُونَ (muṣaffafūna), feminine plural مُصَفَّفَات (muṣaffafāt))
* active participle of صَفَّفَ (ṣaffafa)
* arranged in a line
    طِلَائِيَّة مُصَفَّفَة ― ṭilāʔiyya(t) muṣaffafa ― stratified epithelium
* styled (of hair)

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: مصفف (musaffef)
# لا محالة
## Arabic
### Adverb

لَا مَحَالَةَ • (lā maḥālata)
* absolutely, inevitably, by all means, most certainly
    هُوَ آتٍ لَا مَحَالَةَ. ― huwa ʔātin lā maḥālata. ― He shall come inevitably.
# ببلاش
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

Probably from Arabic بِلَا شَيْء (bi-lā šayʔ, “for nothing”). Eventually the b- was considered part of the word, and the preposition ب (b(i)-) is now added before it again.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.ba.ˈlaːʃ/

### Adjective

ببلاش • (bibalāš)
* free; (in context) for free; gratis.
    الكتاب دا ببلاش. ― al-kitaab dā bi-balāš. ― This book is free.
# بنفس الوقت
## Hijazi Arabic
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Prepositional phrase

بنفس الوقت • (bi-nafs al-wagt)
* at the same time
    بنفس الوقت انا محتاره ― bi-nafs al-wagt ʔana muḥtāra ― At the same time, I am confused.
# متقاطع
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of تَقَاطَعَ (taqāṭaʕa, “to intersect”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.ta.qaː.tˤiʕ/

### Adjective

مُتَقَاطِع • (mutaqāṭiʕ)
* intersecting, decussating, crisscrossing
    Synonym: مُتَصَالِب (mutaṣālib)
    كَلِمَات مُتَقَاطِعَة ― kalimāt mutaqāṭiʕa ― crossword
* (geometry) mutually intersecting
* who mutually cut off friendly relationships, estranged
    إخْوَة مُتَقَاطِعُون ― ʔiḵwa(t) mutaqāṭiʕūn ― estranged brothers

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: متقاطع (mütekatı)