# جفت
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جفت (jaft).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaft/

#### Noun

جَفْت • (jaft) m
* (obsolete, possibly only of بَلُّوط (ballūṭ, “acorn”)) grilled inner skin
** a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 72 Nr. 80:سفوف ممسك للبول سعد سنبل أسطوخوذس كندر قشار الكندر جفت البلوط مشوي أجزاء سواء يدق ويجمع ويتناول منه بالغدوات مثقال وآخر النهار مثقالA powder which retains urine Cyperus, Indian spikenard, French lavender, frankincense and the bark of its tree, and the grilled inner skins of acorn-cups in equal parts. (This) is pounded, brought together, and one miṯqāl from it is taken in the mornings and (again) at the end of the day.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Palestinian dialects, borrowed from Aramaic גיפתא (gip̄tā).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒift/

#### Noun

جِفْت • (jift) m
* amurca, pomace of olives

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From Egyptian dialects, borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چفت (çift).

#### Alternative forms

* شِفْت (šift)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒift/

#### Noun

جِفْت • (jift) m (plural جُفُوت (jufūt))
* forceps, tweezers; clamp; inset

##### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywht /⁠ǰuxt⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *yuxtáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás, from Proto-Indo-European *yugtós. Doublet of یوغ (yuğ) and زوج (zowj).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒuft]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒʊft̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒʊft̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒʊft̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒuft̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒoft̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒuft̪]
* Rhymes: -oft (In Iran)

#### Noun

جفت • (joft) (plural جفت‌ها (joft-hâ))
* pair; couple
    Synonym: زوج (zowj)
    جفت جوراب ― joft-e jurâb ― pair of socks
* mate; partner
    Synonyms: زوج (zowj), همسر (hamsar)
* even number
    Synonym: زوج (zowj)
    Antonym: فرد (fard)
* yoke
    Synonym: یوغ (yuğ)
* Short for جفت جنین (joft-e janin, “placenta”).
    Synonyms: همراه (hamrâh), مشیمه (mašime)

#### Adjective

جفت • (joft)
* with a matching pair; joined as a couple
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 27—28:با لب دمساز خود گر جفتمی همچو نی من گفتنیها گفتمی‌‌ هر که او از هم زبانی شد جدا بی‌‌زبان شد گر چه دارد صد نواbā lab-i damsāz-i xwad gar juft-amē hamčō nay man guftanī-hā guftamē har ki ō az ham zabānī šud judā bē-zabān šud gar či dārad sad nawāWere I joined to the lip of one in accord with me, I too, like the reed, would tell all that may be told; [But] whoever is parted from one who speaks his language Becomes dumb, though he have a hundred songs.(Classical Persian transliteration)
* even (of numbers)

#### Derived terms

* جفت جفت (joft joft)
* جفت جنین (joft-e janin)
* جفت زدن (joft zadan)
* جفت شدن (joft šodan)
* جفت کردن (joft kardan)
* جفت گرفتن (joft gereftan)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: cift, cüt
* → Bashkir: йоп (yop), хәләл ефет (xələl yefet)
* → Chagatai: جفت (juft)
** Uzbek: juft
** Uyghur: جۈپ (jüp)
* → Georgian: ჯუფთი (ǯupti)
* → Kazakh: жұп (jūp)
* → Ottoman Turkish: چفت (çift), չիֆթ (çift) — Armeno-Turkish
** Turkish: çift
** → Albanian: çift
** → Arabic: جِفْت (jift), شِفْت (šift)
** → Armenian: չիֆթ (čʻiftʻ)
** → Macedonian: чифт (čift)
* → Turkmen: jüp, jübüt

### Etymology 2

Uncertain. Regard Sanskrit चाप (cāpa, “bow; arc”), Persian چپ (čap, “left”), چپه (čape, “topped over”), Old Armenian ճապուկ (čapuk, “supple”), Sangisari, Semnani, Lasgerdi, Sorkhrudi Mazanderani چفت (čeft, “sheepfold”), Shahmirzadi چفت (čoft, “sheepfold”), Shughni чаг̌ (čaɣ̌, “reed”), Chagatai چیغ (çığ, “reed, any stiff steppe grass; a mat or screen from stiff grass and sticks used as a covering of tents”), also borrowed into Persian as چیق (čiq) and Russian чий (čij), and Classical Syriac ܓܦܬܐ (gəp̄ettā, “vine”) akin to Arabic جَفْنَة (jafna).

#### Alternative forms

* جفته (jafta), چفت (čaft), چفته (čafta), چفد (čafd), چفده (čafda), چخت (čaxt, čuxt), چخد (čuxd)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒaft]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäft̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäft̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒäft̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒäft̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæft̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäft̪]

#### Noun

جفت • (jaft) (plural جفت‌ها (jaft-hâ)) (obsolete)
* trellis, espalier
* a bunch of grapes
* roof, especially a bowed one
* inner skin, rind, bast (possibly only of بَلُّوط (balūt, “acorns”), because of their “cups”)

#### Adjective

جفت • (jaft)
* curved, arcuate, bent, doubled
* wrinkled
* toasted

### Further reading

* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 404b
* Johnson, Francis (1852) “جفت”, in A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., page 431b
* Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎ (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 34–35 Nr. 89
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جفت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 364
* Vullers, Johann August (1855) “جفت”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 518–519