# 佐

| 佐 | U+4F50, &#20304; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F50 |
| ← 住 [U+4F4F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 佑 → [U+4F51] |

## Translingual
### Han character

佐 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人大一 (OKM), four-corner 2421$_1$, composition ⿰亻左)

#### Derived characters

* 𪘡, 𪘓(𬺇)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 506
* Dae Jaweon: page 207, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 6
* Unihan data for U+4F50

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 佐
* Transcribed ancient scriptsL36863L23690L23691L23692L23693L23694L23695L23696
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 左 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls |
| 佐 | *ʔsaːls |
| 袏 | *ʔslaːls |
| 蹉 | *sʰlaːl |
| 瑳 | *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ |
| 搓 | *sʰlaːl |
| 磋 | *sʰlaːl |
| 溠 | *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls |
| 傞 | *sʰlaːl, *slaːl |
| 醝 | *zlaːl |
| 瘥 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls |
| 鹺 | *zlaːl |
| 嵯 | *zlaːl, *sʰral |
| 嵳 | *zlaːl |
| 蒫 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl |
| 艖 | *zlaːl, *sʰraːl |
| 齹 | *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral |
| 縒 | *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ |
| 褨 | *slaːlʔ |
| 嗟 | *ʔsljal |
| 差 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral |
| 鎈 | *sʰraːl |
| 槎 | *zraːl, *zraːlʔ |
| 髊 | *zlals |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsaːls): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls).

### Etymology

Compare 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist; to help; to protect”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuǒ (zuo$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zo$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chó
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘ / chó / chò / chô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuǒ
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^3$
*** Yale: dzwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoo
*** Palladius: цзо (czo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zo$^3$
*** Yale: jo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chó
*** Hakka Romanization System: zo$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡so³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zor
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó
*** Tâi-lô: tsó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoir
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chò
*** Tâi-lô: tsò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡so¹¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chô
*** Tâi-lô: tsô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zooi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡so²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zo$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsó
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsu
*** MiniDict: tsu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡su³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsaH
Rime :
| Character | 佐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則箇切 |
| Baxter | tsaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zuò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zo$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤarʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 佐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zuǒ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsa$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsˁarʔ-s/ (dialect: *-r > *-j) |
| English | aid, assist |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 佐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 18005 |
| Phonetic component | 左 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 佐 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaːls/ |

### Definitions

佐
* to assist; to aid; to second
* assistant; aide; subordinate

### Compounds

* 七佐
* 上佐
* 中佐
* 九佐
* 五佐
* 亭佐
* 佐乘
* 佐事
* 佐享
* 佐佑
* 佐使
* 佐僚
* 佐券
* 佐助
* 佐助器
* 佐史
* 佐吏
* 佐命
* 佐將 / 佐将
* 佐屬 / 佐属
* 佐州
* 佐幕
* 佐弋
* 佐戎
* 佐政
* 佐敦 (Zuǒdūn)
* 佐料 (zuǒliào)
* 佐時 / 佐时
* 佐書 / 佐书
* 佐棘
* 佐檢 / 佐检
* 佐歡 / 佐欢
* 佐治 (Zuǒzhì)
* 佐理 (zuǒlǐ)
* 佐疾
* 佐相
* 佐策
* 佐膳
* 佐觴 / 佐觞
* 佐謀 / 佐谋
* 佐證 / 佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
* 佐貳 / 佐贰
* 佐車 / 佐车
* 佐輿 / 佐舆
* 佐轝 / 佐𬛼
* 佐郡
* 佐酒 (zuǒjiǔ)
* 佐釗 / 佐钊
* 佐附
* 佐隸 / 佐隶
* 佐雜 / 佐杂
* 佐領 / 佐领
* 佐食
* 佐餐 (zuǒcān)
* 佐饔得嘗 / 佐饔得尝
* 佐鬥 / 佐斗
* 保佐
* 保佐人
* 假佐
* 僉佐 / 佥佐
* 僚佐 (liáozuǒ)
* 儲佐 / 储佐
* 元佐
* 出佐
* 匡佐
* 協佐 / 协佐
* 卿佐
* 參佐 / 参佐 (cānzuǒ)
* 史佐
* 吏佐
* 君臣佐使 (jūnchénzuǒshǐ)
* 四佐
* 坊佐
* 奉佐
* 孔佐
* 官佐
* 寮佐
* 將佐 / 将佐 (jiàngzuǒ)
* 屈佐
* 屠佐
* 屬佐 / 属佐
* 帝佐
* 幹佐 / 干佐
* 府佐
* 弼佐
* 從佐 / 从佐
* 御佐
* 扶佐
* 掾佐
* 擢佐
* 啟佐 / 启佐
* 旁佐
* 書佐 / 书佐
* 末佐
* 榦佐 / 干佐
* 正佐
* 毗佐
* 營佐 / 营佐
* 王佐
* 王佐之才
* 王佐才
* 皇佐
* 綱佐 / 纲佐
* 縣佐 / 县佐
* 翊佐
* 翼佐
* 臣佐
* 良佐
* 規佐 / 规佐
* 證佐 / 证佐
* 護佐 / 护佐
* 豐佐 / 丰佐
* 貞佐 / 贞佐
* 貳佐 / 贰佐
* 賓佐 / 宾佐
* 賢佐 / 贤佐
* 贊佐 / 赞佐
* 軍佐 / 军佐
* 輔佐 / 辅佐 (fǔzuǒ)
* 輔佐人 / 辅佐人
* 巡佐
* 運佐 / 运佐
* 邦佐
* 郡佐
* 鄉佐 / 乡佐
* 酒佐

### References

* “佐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* aid
* help
* field officer (Military)

#### Readings

* Go-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
* Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 佐ける)、たすけ (tasuke)、すけ (suke, 佐)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 佐 (MC tsaH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 장〮 (Yale: cá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 좌 (cwa) (Yale: cwa) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕwa̠(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [좌(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 佐 (eumhun 도울 좌 (doul jwa))
* hanja form of 좌 (“(literary) subordinate”)
* hanja form of 좌 (“(military) commander; a field grade officer in the Korean People's Army”)
    (North Korea) 소좌 (少佐) ― Sojwa ― Junior Commander
    (North Korea) 중좌 (中佐) ― Jungjwa ― Lieutenant-Colonel; Middle Commander
    (North Korea) 상좌 (上佐) ― Sangjwa ― Colonel; High Commander
    (North Korea) 대좌 (大佐) ― Daejwa ― Senior Colonel; Brigadier; Grand Commander

#### Compounds

* 군신좌사 (君臣佐使, gunsinjwasa)
* 대좌 (大佐, daejwa, “senior colonel; brigadier”)
* 보좌 (輔佐, bojwa, “assistance”)
* 상좌 (上佐, sangjwa, “colonel”)
* 소좌 (少佐, sojwa, “major; lieutenant commander”)
* 속좌 (屬佐, sokjwa)
* 장좌 (將佐, jangjwa)
* 좌거 (佐車, jwageo)
* 좌료 (佐僚, jwaryo)
* 좌리 (佐吏, jwari)
* 좌리 (佐理, jwari)
* 좌막 (佐幕, jwamak)
* 좌명 (佐命, jwamyeong)
* 좌반, 자반 (佐飯, jwaban, jaban)
* 좌사 (佐史, jwasa)
* 좌융 (佐戎, jwayung)
* 좌주 (佐酒, jwaju)
* 좌질 (佐疾, jwajil)
* 좌치 (佐治, jwachi)
* 중좌 (中佐, jungjwa, “lieutenant colonel”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

佐: Hán Nôm readings: tá, tớ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation