# 佇

| 佇 | U+4F47, &#20295; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F47 |
| ← 但 [U+4F46] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 佈 → [U+4F48] |

## Translingual
### Han character

佇 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人十一弓 (OJMN), four-corner 2322$_1$, composition ⿰亻宁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 496
* Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4F47

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 佇
* Small seal scripts05926Transcribed ancient scriptsL14451
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 貯 | *taʔ |
| 詝 | *taʔ |
| 柠 | *tʰaʔ |
| 宁 | *da, *daʔ |
| 佇 | *daʔ |
| 竚 | *daʔ |
| 苧 | *daʔ |
| 紵 | *daʔ |
| 羜 | *daʔ |
| 眝 | *daʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daʔ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with 著 (OC *tas, *taɡ, *daɡ), 署 (OC *djas) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù (zhu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cui$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): du$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tṳ̄
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tī / tū / tǐr / tīr / tǐ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): diu$^6$ / diu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyu$^5$
*** Yale: chyúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰui²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: du$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tu³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰy³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
*** Tâi-lô: tī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: di
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ti³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /ti²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tū
*** Tâi-lô: tū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: du
*** IPA (Taipei): /tu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tu²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐr
*** Tâi-lô: tǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²²/
*** IPA (Lukang): /tɨ³³/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tīr
*** Tâi-lô: tīr
*** IPA (Singapore): /tɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ
*** Tâi-lô: tǐ
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ti³³/
* Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
** tī - vernacular;
** tū - literary.
* Middle Chinese: drjoX
Rime :
| Character | 佇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直吕切 |
| Baxter | drjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 佇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17633 |
| Phonetic component | 宁 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*daʔ/ |

### Definitions

佇
* (literary) to stand (for a long time)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stop; to stay (for a long time)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to wait; to hope for; to look forward to
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to store; to accumulate
* (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located
* (Hokkien) (located) in; at
* (Hokkien) during; in

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 於 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 在, 挨, 跟, 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 在, 從 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 吖 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 喺, 在 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 響, 喺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 響, 揀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 揀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 響 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 響, 在, 喺 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 在 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 在 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 在 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 在 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嗨 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 在 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 在 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 在 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 在 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 在 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 在 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 在 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 在 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 在 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 在 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 在 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 在 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 在 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 在 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 到 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著, 在, 洽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 著, 洽 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 著 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佇, 咧, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 佇, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 佇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佇, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佇, 踮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 在, 壏, 放 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 著 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 在, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 佇, 放 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 佇 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 在 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 垃該, 拉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 立垃, 勒嵌 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 垃, 垃垃 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 有垃, 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 勒拉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 勒勒, 勒 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡 |
| Wu | Changshu | 勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 勒, 勒浪, 勒海 |
| Wu | Qidong | 勒 |
| Wu | Qidong (Lüsi) | 在, 來, 來該 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Haimen (Sijia) | 來, 來到 |
| Wu | Rudong | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏 |
| Wu | Liyang | 立 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 在, 則 |
| Wu | Danyang | 在, 則 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 來, 勒 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 拉 |
| Wu | Deqing | 垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好 |
| Wu | Deqing (Geting) | 拉 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 來, 來埭, 來同 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 來, 來裡, 來夯 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Keqiao) | 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 來固, 來蒙, 來頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 來 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Beilun) | 來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Yinzhou) | 立該, 來, 來的, 來該 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 來, 得, 來浪 |
| Wu | Ninghai | 來的 |
| Wu | Zhoushan (Dinghai) | 勒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 是 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 在 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 在 |

### Compounds

* 企佇
* 企佇之心
* 佇候 (zhùhòu)
* 佇候佳音
* 佇咧
* 佇眙
* 佇立 (zhùlì)
* 佇結之情 / 伫结之情
* 佇苦停辛
* 佇足
* 倚門佇望 / 倚门伫望
* 停辛佇苦
* 凝佇
* 延佇
* 欽佇 / 钦伫
* 盈盈佇立
* 躊佇 / 踌伫
* 鶴立企佇 / 鹤立企伫

### Further reading

* “佇”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫‎, Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to stand (for a while)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょ (jo)
* Kan-on: ちょ (cho)
* Kun: たたずむ (tatazumu, 佇む)

#### Compounds

* 佇(ちょ)立(りつ) (choritsu)
* 佇(ちょ)立(りゅう) (choryū)
* 延(えん)佇(ちょ) (encho)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 佇 (MC drjoX).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [저]

### Hanja

Wikisource 佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo))
* to stand (for a while)
* to stay
* to wait for
* to store; to accumulate

#### Compounds

* 근저 (勤佇, geunjeo)
* 저견 (佇見, jeogyeon)
* 저권 (佇眷, jeogwon)
* 저념 (佇念, jeonyeom)
* 저대 (佇待, jeodae)
* 저립 (佇立, jeorip)
* 저면 (佇眄, jeomyeon)
* 저사 (佇思, jeosa)
* 저상 (佇想, jeosang)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 佇

## Vietnamese
### Han character

佇: Hán Nôm readings: giữ, trữ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation