# 葬

| 葬 | U+846C, &#33900; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-846C |
| ← 葫 [U+846B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 葭 → [U+846D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

葬 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿一心廿 (TMPT), four-corner 4444$_1$, composition ⿳艹死廾)

#### Derived characters

* 髒 𠿺 𩦦

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1046, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31448
* Dae Jaweon: page 1507, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3246, character 2
* Unihan data for U+846C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 葬 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 髒 | *ʔsaːŋʔ |
| 葬 | *ʔsaːŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 茻 (“grass”) + 死 (“dead person”) – bury the dead 死 in the grass 茻. Top is now grass radical (艹), while bottom is simplified to 廾, hence graphically 艹 + 死 + 廾.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zàng (zang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chong
* Northern Min (KCR): co̤̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cáung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zeng$^3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàng
*** Wade–Giles: tsang$^4$
*** Yale: dzàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzanq
*** Palladius: цзан (czan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^3$
*** Yale: jong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chong
*** Hakka Romanization System: zong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: co̤̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cáung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng
*** Tâi-lô: tsòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zeng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɯŋ²¹³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡san⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsangH
Rime :
| Character | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則浪切 |
| Baxter | tsangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁaŋ-s/ |
| English | bury |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16545 |
| Phonetic component | 葬 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 葬 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaːŋs/ |

### Definitions

葬
* to bury; to inter
    葬身 ― zàngshēn ― to be buried
    葬花詞／葬花词 ― Zàng Huā Cí ― Poem of Burying Flowers (a poem in Dream of the Red Chamber)
       keoi$^5$ lou$^5$ dau$^6$ zong$^3$ zo$^2$ hai$^2$ wo$^4$ hap$^6$ sek$^6$. [Jyutping]
       His father is buried in Wo Hop Shek Cemetery.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Shēng shì zhī yǐ lǐ; sǐ zàng zhī yǐ lǐ, jì zhī yǐ lǐ.” [Pinyin]
    The Master replied, "That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety."
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約書亞記 (Joshua) 24:30
    Yǐsèlièrén jiāng tā zàng zài tā dìyè de jìngnèi, jiùshì zài Yǐfǎlián shān dì de Tíngnáxīlā, zài Jiāshí shān de běibiān. [Pinyin]
    And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathheres, in the mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill Gaash.
* to bury in a specified way according to local customs
    火葬 ― huǒzàng ― to cremate
* a surname, Zang

#### Synonyms

* (to bury):
* 下葬 (xiàzàng)
* 入土 (rùtǔ)
* 埋葬 (máizàng)
* 埋藏 (máicáng)
* 安厝 (āncuò) (literary, or Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 安土 (Hokkien)
* 安葬 (ānzàng)
* 掩埋 (yǎnmái)
* 落塗 / 落涂 (Hokkien)
* 落葬 (luòzàng)

### Compounds

* 下葬 (xiàzàng)
* 亂葬埂 / 乱葬埂 (luànzànggěng)
* 亂葬崗 / 乱葬岗 (luànzànggǎng)
* 亂葬崗子 / 乱葬岗子 (luànzànggǎngzi)
* 厚葬 (hòuzàng)
* 叢葬 / 丛葬
* 合葬 (hézàng)
* 喪葬 / 丧葬 (sāngzàng)
* 國葬 / 国葬 (guózàng)
* 土葬 (tǔzàng)
* 埋葬 (máizàng)
* 壁葬 (bìzàng)
* 天葬 (tiānzàng)
* 安葬 (ānzàng)
* 懸棺葬 / 悬棺葬
* 拾骨葬 (shígǔzàng)
* 改葬 (gǎizàng)
* 敕葬
* 族葬
* 會葬 / 会葬 (huìzàng)
* 歸葬 / 归葬 (guīzàng)
* 殉葬 (xùnzàng)
* 殉葬品
* 殯葬 / 殡葬 (bìnzàng)
* 水葬 (shuǐzàng)
* 海葬 (hǎizàng)
* 渴葬
* 濫葬 / 滥葬
* 火葬 (huǒzàng)
* 燒葬 / 烧葬
* 營葬 / 营葬
* 碧葬
* 稿葬
* 臝葬 / 裸葬
* 葬儀社 / 葬仪社
* 葬師 / 葬师
* 葬玉埋香
* 葬禮 / 葬礼 (zànglǐ)
* 葬身 (zàngshēn)
* 葬身之地 (zàngshēnzhīdì)
* 葬身火窟
* 葬身魚腹 / 葬身鱼腹
* 葬送 (zàngsòng)
* 賣身葬父 / 卖身葬父
* 送葬 (sòngzàng)
* 遷葬 / 迁葬 (qiānzàng)
* 野葬
* 陪葬 (péizàng)
* 陪葬品 (péizàngpǐn)
* 隨葬 / 随葬 (suízàng)
* 鳥葬 / 鸟葬
* 黛玉葬花

### References

* “葬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* funeral, bury

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ほうむる (hōmuru, 葬る, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 葬式(そうしき) (sōshiki): funeral
* 葬儀(そうぎ) (sōgi): funeral service
* 土葬(どそう) (dosō): burial, interment
* 水葬(すいそう) (suisō): sea burial
* 鳥葬(ちょうそう) (chōsō): vulture burial, sky burial
* 火葬(かそう) (kasō): cremation
* Kanji in this term
* 葬
* そう Grade: S
* on'yomi

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 葬 (tsang$^H$, “burial”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [so̞ː]

### Noun

葬(そう) • (sō)
* burial

### References

* ↑ Jack Halpern (1991) New Japanese–English Character Dictionary, Bookwise International, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

葬 (eum 장 (jang))
* hanja form of 장 (“burial; burial place; burial customs”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

葬: Hán Nôm readings: táng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.