# ér
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈeːr]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːr

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *särä. Cognates include Northern Mansi та̄р (tār, “root”).

#### Noun

ér (plural erek)
* (anatomy) blood vessel (artery, vein, or capillary)
* (botany) vein (a thickened portion of the leaf containing the vascular bundle)

##### Derived terms

* eres
* erezet
* erű
* aranyér
* érrendszer
* érvéghüvely
* gyűjtőér
* hajszálér
* nyirokér
* ütőér
* verőér
* visszér

### Etymology 2

Controversial origin:
* From ér (“blood vessel”).
* From Proto-Uralic *šerɜ (“creek”).

#### Noun

ér (plural erek)
* brook, streamlet, rill
    Hypernym: folyóvíz
    Coordinate terms: csermely, patak, folyó, folyam

##### Derived terms

* erű
* szikér
* vízér

### Etymology 3

Uncertain; perhaps from a Turkic language, compare Uyghur [script needed] (er-), Chagatai [script needed] (ir-), Turkish er- (“to reach”) verb forms. The second main meaning derives from the first, ér (“to reach”).

#### Verb

ér
* (heading) To reach or extend until a point.
** (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (lative suffixes)
    Synonyms: odaér, elér, érkezik, megérkezik, jut, eljut
*** 1863, János Arany, Buda halála‎, canto 6:Értek vala éjszakára / Kur vizének a partjára; / Folyóvíznek partja mellett / Paripájok jól legelhet.They find themselves as daylight sinks / where Kur’s broad waters sweep and swell. / On meadows by the river-brinks / their weary steeds may pasture well.
** (intransitive) to touch something (lative suffixes)
    A fa ága a vízhez ér. ― The branch of the tree touches the water.
    Synonyms: hozzáér, érint, megérint, érintkezik, (the next two can only apply to deliberate action) nyúl, hozzányúl
** (intransitive) to reach, stretch, extend as far as something (-ig) (to be long or deep or high enough)
    A szekrény a falig ér. ― The wardrobe extends as far as the wall.
    A víz a derekamig ér. ― The water comes / rises up to my waist.
** (transitive) to hit, strike, afflict someone; meet with, be faced with something (of a disaster or sometimes luck)
    A szomszédomat baleset érte. ― My neighbor had / met with an accident.
** (transitive) to catch someone (to discover unexpectedly; to surprise)
    Synonym: rajtakap
*** 1974, Leo Tolstoy (author), László Németh (translator), Anna Karenina [Anna Karenina], Bucharest: Kriterion Könyvkiadó (1989), →ISBN, volume 1, part 1, chapter 1, page 7:
    Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.There happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful. He did not succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed towards his wife by the discovery of his fault.
** (transitive) to be able to use something (-val/-vel) meaningfully, to be of use to someone
    Synonyms: kezd, megy
    Mit érek húsz forinttal? ― What can I do with twenty forints? What use can twenty forints be to me?
* (heading) To have some value or validity.
** (transitive) to be worth something
    Ez a cipő húszezer forintot ér. ― This pair of shoes is worth twenty thousand forints.
** to count, to be fair (to be legal according to the rules of a game)
    Synonyms: érvényes, szabályos

##### Usage notes

* This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, hasonul–(meg)hasonlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

##### Derived terms

* érdekel
* érint
* érintkezés
* érintkezik
* érkezik
* ért
(With verbal prefixes):
* átér
* beér
* beleér
* egybeér
* elér
* felér
* hazaér
* hozzáér
* kiér
* körbeér
* körülér
* leér
* megér
* odaér
* összeér
* ráér
* utolér
* visszaér
* földet ér
* fülig ér a szája
* lassan járj, tovább érsz
* tetten ér
* véget ér
* érték
* értékel
* értékes
* értékesít
* érvény → érvényes → érvényesít, érvénytelen
(With verbal prefixes):
* felér
* fölér
* megér
* aranyat ér

### See also

* érik

### References

* ↑ ér² in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, page 207, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)
* ↑ ér¹ in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, page 206, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)

### Further reading

* (blood vessel; streamlet): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (to reach; to have value): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* ér in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

### Anagrams

* ré

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* er — nonstandard

### Romanization

ér (er$^2$, Zhuyin ㄦˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 侕
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 児
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒 / 儿
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 唲
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 栭
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 洏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 而
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 耏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 聏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 胹
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 荋
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 袻
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 輀 / 𮝵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 轜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 陑
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 隭
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 髵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鮞 / 鲕
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鴯 / 鸸

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* *īʀ — Old East Norse
* þér — younger form

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jīz, Northwest Germanic form of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. The vowel change of long ī to long é is due to West Norse R-umlaut, caused by the Proto-Germanic -z, which in Proto-Norse changed to a -R sound, before merging with regular r. The East Norse form is thus ír.

### Pronoun

ér (Old West Norse)
* you (plural); ye

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: ér
* ⇒ Old West Norse: þér (← hafið ér)
** Icelandic: þér
** Faroese: tær
** Old Swedish: þær, þæ