# карандаш
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* karandasz, karandaš — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Ultimately from a Turkic language.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [karanˈdaʂ]
* Rhymes: -aʂ
* Hyphenation: ка‧ран‧даш

### Noun

каранда́ш • (karandáš) m inan (genitive карандаша́, nominative plural карандашы́, genitive plural карандашо́ў, relational adjective каранда́шны)
* pencil (a device for writing, sketching, drawing in the form of a thin stick with a graphite or other core)
    Synonym: ало́вак (alóvak)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “карандаш”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “карандаш” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* каранда́шъ (karandáš) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

In Russian from the 16–17th centuries. Borrowing from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish karataş (“black slate”), composed of kara (“black”) + taş (“stone”), Tatar кара таш (qara taş, “graphite, black lead”). The origin of epenthetic -н- (-n-) is unclear. Compare каланча́ (kalančá) for the same epenthesis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kərɐnˈdaʂ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aʂ

### Noun

каранда́ш • (karandáš) m inan (genitive карандаша́, nominative plural карандаши́, genitive plural карандаше́й, relational adjective каранда́шный, diminutive каранда́шик)
* pencil
    У тебя́ есть каранда́ш? ― U tebjá jestʹ karandáš? ― Do you have a pencil?
* (uncountable) pencil marks, pencil drawing
* (by extension) stick (a small, thin cylinder of some material)
    кле́ящий каранда́ш ― kléjaščij karandáš ― glue stick
    ля́писный каранда́ш ― ljápisnyj karandáš ― silver nitrate caustic stick

#### Derived terms

* брать на каранда́ш impf (bratʹ na karandáš), взять на каранда́ш pf (vzjatʹ na karandáš)
* каранда́шница f (karandášnica)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: karandaş
* → Chuvash: кӑранташ (kărant̬aš)
* → Ingrian: krandošši, krantossi, krandašši
* → Kazakh: қарындаш (qaryndaş)
* → Korean: 가름다시 (gareumdasi) (Yukjin)
* → Mongolian: харандаа (xarandaa)
** * → Kalmyk: харнда (xarnda)
* → Kildin Sami: карндашш (karndašš)
* → Skolt Sami: karndaš
* → Southern Altai: карандаш (karandaš)
* → Yakut: харандаас (qarandaas)
* → Yup'ik: kalantaassaq

#### See also

кара- (black):
* караку́рт m anim (karakúrt)
* карамульту́к m (karamulʹtúk)
* ка́рий (kárij)
instruments:
* ла́стик m (lástik), стира́тельная рези́нка f (stirátelʹnaja rezínka), стира́шка f (stiráška)
* точи́лка f (točílka)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “карандаш”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “карандаш”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 379
* Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “карандаш”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 379

## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Russian карандаш (karandaš).

### Noun

карандаш • (karandaš)
* pencil

### References

* Теленет тили Телеутский Язык -Токмашев (11 pages)