OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Orne
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French Orne.

### Proper noun

Orne (countable and uncountable, plural Ornes)
* A department of Normandy, France.
* A river in France.
* A surname from French.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Orne is the 38389th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 577 individuals. Orne is most common among White (90.99%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Orne”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* Nero, Oren, Reno, Roen, Rone, oner, reno, reno-

## French
### Etymology

From Latin olinas, a homonym of Fluvius Olne, of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *olīnā (“elbow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔʁn/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Orne f
* Orne (a department of Normandy, France)
* Orne (a river in Normandy, in northwestern France)

### References

* DELAMARRE 2003 : 237
# pseudo-Freudianism
## English
### Noun

pseudo-Freudianism (uncountable)
* (derogatory) Freudianism considered as a pseudoscience.
** 1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 81:"The dealers snatched at the state of intellectual exhaustion and scepticism of all values that followed the first world war to abolish values and substitute for them an arbitrary mumbo-jumbo of occultism and pseudo-Freudianism, which they tagged on to the works of studio clowns like Picasso and Modigliani and the like. Oh, it's a depressing subject - let's forget it."
# refuelling
## English
### Alternative forms

* (US) refueling

### Verb

refuelling
* (British spelling) present participle and gerund of refuel

### Noun

refuelling (countable and uncountable, plural refuellings)
* (British spelling) The provision of more fuel to replace that used up.
** 2019 October, James Abbott, “Esk Valley revival”, in Modern Railways, page 77:The DMUs [diesel multiple units] used on the branch (mainly Class 158s) are based at Heaton depot in Newcastle; with a 1,500 mile range, the DMUs have to visit for refuelling once every three days.
** 2025 February 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway heritage saved in 2024”, in RAIL, number 1028, page 54:Another site of early railway enterprise to be upgraded to 2* before benefiting from restoration (which would remove it from the 2024 at-risk register) is the S&DR [Stockton & Darlington Railway] coal drops, located in Shildon's Locomotive museum. After it was upgraded in 2021 […] , 2022 research by Historic England found that the drops, constructed in 1847, were the world's first attempt at mechanising locomotive refuelling. The drops worked by chaldron wagons being taken up the incline, and their loads dropped down chutes into tenders of steam locomotives waiting below.
# ганьба
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* hańba — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish hańba or possibly Inherited from Old Belarusian ганьба (hanʹba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɣanʲba]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

га́ньба • (hánʹba) f inan (genitive га́ньбы, uncountable)
* disgrace, shame

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “Ганьба”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 252

### Further reading

* “ганьба” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
* “ганьба”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)

## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak haňba, háňba, from Proto-Slavic *ganьba. By surface analysis, ганїц (hanjic) +‎ -ба (-ba). Cognates include Czech hanba and Polish hańba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦaɲba]
* Rhymes: -aɲba
* Hyphenation: гань‧ба

### Noun

ганьба (hanʹba) f
* (uncountable) shame (something to regret)
    яка ганьба! ― jaka hanʹba! ― what a shame!
* (uncountable) disgrace, shame, infamy
    Synonym: нєчесносц (nječesnosc)

#### Related terms

* ганєбни (hanjebni)
* ганьблїви (hanʹbljivi)
* ганьбиц impf (hanʹbic)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “ганьба”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “infamy”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 148
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “shame”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 274

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish hańba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦɐnʲˈba]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: гань‧ба

### Noun

ганьба́ • (hanʹbá) f inan (genitive ганьби́, uncountable)
* disgrace, shame, ignominy, opprobrium
    Synonym: безче́стя n (bezčéstja)

#### Derived terms

* гане́бний (hanébnyj)
* ганьби́ти impf (hanʹbýty)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ганьба”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “ганьба”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# ماوا
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَأْوًى (maʔwan).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mɑː.ˈwɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɑː.wɑ́ː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɑː.wɑ́ː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.wɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.wɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mɒː.vɒ́ː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mɔ.vɔ́]

### Noun

ماوا • (mâvâ)
* domicile, residence, abode
    Synonyms: مسکن (maskan), اقامتگاه (eqâmatgâh), باششگاه (bâšešgâh)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ماوا”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# hoại
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 壞 (“rotten”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hwaːj˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [hwaːj˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [waːj˨˩˨]

### Verb

hoại
* (uncommon) to rot
    Synonym: rữa
    Lá hoại ra thành mùn ― Leaves rot into humus.
# ܦܘܡܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܟܸܡܵܐ (kimmā)

### Etymology

From Aramaic פּוּמָא (pumā), from Proto-Semitic *pay-; compare Arabic فَم (fam), Hebrew פֶּה (pe) and Akkadian 𒅗 (pûm).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [pum.mɑː]

### Noun

ܦܘܼܡܵܐ • (pummā) m sg (plural ܦܘܼܡܹ̈ܐ (pummē) or ܦܘܼܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ (pūmānē) or ܦܘܼܡܵܡܹ̈ܐ (pūmāmē) or ܦܘܼ̈ܡܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (pūmawwāṯā))
* (anatomy) mouth
* (animal anatomy) beak
* mouthful
* entrance, opening, orifice
* command, order, decree

#### Derived terms

* ܡܪܲܫܠܘܼܬ݂ ܦܘܼܡܵܐ (mrašlūṯ pummā, “facial paralysis”)
* ܦܘܼܡܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (pūmāˀīṯ, “orally”)
* ܦܘܼܡܵܝܵܐ (pummāyā, “oral”)
* ܦܘܼܡܵܢܵܐ (pummānā, “glutton”)
* ܦܘܼܡܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (pūmānāˀīṯ, “aloud”)
* ܫܘܼܠܗܵܒ݂ ܦܘܼܡܵܐ (šulhāḇ pummā, “stomatitis”)
* ܫܡܲܝ ܦܘܼܡܵܐ (šmay pummā, “palate”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *pay-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pumɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [pume] (plural)

### Noun

ܦܘܡܐ • (pūmā) m (plural ܦܘܡܐ (pūmē))
* (anatomy) mouth
* (animal anatomy) beak
* mouthful
* entrance, opening, orifice
* command, order, decree
* surface, peel
* riverbank
* blade, edge of a sword

#### Inflection
### References

* “pwm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 271a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 437b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1165a–b
# nadgodziną
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nad.ɡɔˈd͡ʑi.nɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -inɔw̃
* Syllabification: nad‧go‧dzi‧ną

### Noun

nadgodziną
* instrumental singular of nadgodzina
# blocnote
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bloc-notes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈblɔkˌnoːt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bloc‧note, bloc‧no‧te

### Noun

blocnote m (plural blocnotes, diminutive blocnotetje n)
* Synonym of kladblok
# tʼiisbáí
## Navajo
### Etymology

tʼiis (“cottonwood”) + łibá (“gray”) + -í (nominalizer)

### Noun

tʼiisbáí
* quaking aspen, American aspen (Populus tremuloides)
# ܬܢܚܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɛnnaħtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [tɛnħɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܢܚܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܬܢܚܬܐ)
* Alternative form of ܬܐܢܚܬܐ
# chiropteran
## English
### Etymology

From Chiroptera +‎ -an.

### Noun

chiropteran (plural chiropterans)
* (zoology) Any mammal, of the order Chiroptera, that has forelimbs modified to form wings; a bat.

#### Synonyms

* bat

### Adjective

chiropteran (comparative more chiropteran, superlative most chiropteran)
* (zoology) Of or relating to the order Chiroptera.
# ܦܘܣܩܢܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܦ ܣ ܩ related to cutting off.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pusqɑnɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [pusqɑne] (plural)

### Noun

ܦܘܣܩܢܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܘܣܩܢܐ)
* portion
* decision, decree, ordinance, sentence, judgement
* fixed price
* fortune, fate
* (astronomy) constellation

#### Derived terms

* ܦܘܣܩܢܐ ܕܕܗܒܐ
* ܟܬܒܐ ܕܦܘܣܩܢܐ

### References

* “pwsqn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 282a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 438a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1167b
# omutima
## Herero
### Noun

omutima (plural omitima)
* heart (organ)

## Nyankole
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀tɪ́mà.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /omutíma/, [omutɨ́ma]

### Noun

omutima class 3 (plural emitima class 4, augmentless mutima, plural augmentless mitima)
* (anatomy) heart
* (figurative) heart (mind, feeling(s))
* (figurative) heart (soul, humanity)
* high blood pressure

#### Derived terms

* entima (“core of a tree”)
* ekitima (“state of the heart”)
* emitimanyima (“whole back region”)

### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2004) A Runyankore Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 22, 243, 289
* Taylor, Charles V. (1998) A simplified Runyankore-Rukiga-English and English-Runyankore-Rukiga dictionary‎, Kampala: Fountain Publishers, →ISBN, page 117

## Tooro
### Alternative forms

* omutuma

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀tɪ́mà. Cognate with Chuabo murima, Lingala motéma, Swahili mtima and Rwanda-Rundi umutíma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /omutíma/

### Noun

omutima class 3 (plural emitima class 4, augmentless mutima, plural augmentless mitima)
* (anatomy) heart

#### See also

* omwoyo (“soul, spirit”)
* ekihaha (“lung”)
* obune (“liver”)

### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 19
# papraniną
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.praˈɲi.nɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -inɔw̃
* Syllabification: pa‧pra‧ni‧ną

### Noun

papraniną
* instrumental singular of papranina
# вару
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvarʊ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ва́ру • (váru) m inan
* dative singular of вар (var)
# pneumatosaccus
## English
### Noun

pneumatosaccus (uncountable)
* (zoology) The subumbrellar surface of siphonophorous pneumatophores.

#### See also

* nectophore
* zooid
# ܬܡܗܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܬ ܡ ܗ related to amazement. Compare Hebrew תֵּמַהּ (tēmah).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɛmhɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [tɛmhe] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܡܗܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܬܡܗܐ)
* amazement, wonder, reverence, prodigy
* dullness, insensibility, stupor, torpor

#### Inflection
### References

* “tmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 615a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1651b
# егерме
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yėgirmi (“twenty”).

### Numeral

егерме • (yegerme)
* twenty

## Tatar
### Numeral

егерме • (yegerme) (Latin spelling yegerme)
* twenty
# курчецина
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

From курче (kurče) +‎ -ина (-ina).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kurt͡ʃɛˈt͡sina]
* Rhymes: -ina
* Hyphenation: кур‧че‧ци‧на

### Noun

курчецина (kurčecina) f
* (uncountable) chicken (meat)
    Near-synonym: курецина (kurecina)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M. (1997) “пилетина”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Сербско-руски словнїк [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (О – Ш), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 147
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “chicken”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 53
# shunos
## Swedish
### Noun

shunos
* indefinite plural of shuno
# aniżeli
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* anizeli (“if”) (Lasovia)

### Etymology

Univerbation of a +‎ ni +‎ że +‎ li.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ɲiˈʐɛ.li/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛli
* Syllabification: a‧ni‧że‧li

### Conjunction

aniżeli
* (literary) than (used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison)
    Synonyms: aniżeliby, niż, niżby, niźli, niźliby, niżeli, niżeliby

### Preposition

aniżeli
* than (introduces a comparison)
    Synonyms: aniżeliby, od, niż, niżby, niźli, niźliby, niżeli, niżeliby

### Further reading

* aniżeli in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* aniżeli in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# tátłʼid
## Navajo
### Noun

tátłʼid
* algae
* water moss

#### Derived terms

* tátłʼidgo
# ܬܥܠܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic תַּעֲלָא (taʿălā), from Proto-Semitic *ṯaʕlab-; compare Akkadian 𒈜 (šēlebum), Arabic ثَعْلَب (ṯaʕlab), Hebrew שׁוּעָל (shu'ál), and Ugaritic 𐎘𐎓𐎍𐎁 (ṯʿlb).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [taʕ.lɑː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [teʔ.l]
* (Urmia) IPA: [taːlɑː]

### Noun

ܬܲܥܠܵܐ • (taˁlā) m (plural ܬܲܥ̈ܠܹܐ (taˁlē), feminine ܬܲܥܠܬ݂ܵܐ (taˁlṯā))
* fox
* (figuratively) deceptive or cunning person

#### Derived terms

* ܡܬܲܥܸܠ (mtaˁil)
* ܬܲܥܠܵܝܵܐ (taˁlāyā, “foxy, vulpine”)
* ܬܲܥܠܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (taˁlūṯā, “foxiness, slyness”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ṯaʕlab-. Compare Akkadian 𒈜 (šēlebu), Arabic ثَعْلَب (ṯaʕlab), Hebrew שׁוּעָל (šûʿāl), and Ugaritic 𐎘𐎓𐎍𐎁 (ṯʿlb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [taʕlɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [taʕle] (plural)

### Noun

ܬܥܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܬܥܠܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܬܥܠܬܐ)
* fox

#### Inflection
### References

* “tˁl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 395a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 617a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1657b
# ете
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yẹt(t)i (“seven”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰘𐱅𐰃 (yeti, “seven”), Turkish yedi (“seven”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jɪ̞ˈtɪ̞]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: е‧те

### Numeral

ете • (yete)
* seven
    Тәүлегенә кәмендә ете сәғәт йоҡлау кәрәк.Təwlegenə kəmendə yete səğət yoqlaw kərək.One should sleep at least seven hours a day.

#### Derived terms

* етәү (yetəw, “seven”, collective numeral)

## Macedonian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Cognate with Bulgarian ето (eto) and Serbo-Croatian ето／eto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛtɛ]
* (Bitola) IPA: /ˈæte̞/
* Rhymes: -ɛtɛ

### Particle

ете • (ete)
* there, there it is, there you are, voilà (presenting something)
    Ете ме.Ete me.There I am.
    Ете ти го чадорот.Ete ti go čadorot.There is your umbrella.
    Ете ги и децата.Ete gi i decata.There are the children as well.

#### See also

* еве (eve)
* ене (ene)
# Chancellorsville
## English
### Etymology

After George Chancellor; from Chancellor +‎ -s- +‎ -ville.

### Proper noun

Chancellorsville
* An unincorporated community in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, United States.
* The Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863, which occurred there.
# ܦܠܚܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܦ ܠ ܚ related to working.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɑlħɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [pɑlħe], [pɑlaħwɑθɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܦܠܚܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܠܚܘܬܐ or ܦܠܚܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܦܠܚܬܐ)
* servant, attendant, agent, minister
* artisan
* (military) soldier
* worker, peasant
* vintner
* worshipper
Chess pieces in Classical Syriac (layout · text) :
| ܡܠܟܐ | ܬܘܪܬܢܐ | ܡܓܕܠܐ | ܦܝܠܐ | ܣܘܣܝܐ | ܦܠܚܐ |

##### Usage notes

Usually, the plural ܦܠܚܐ (pālḥē) is a paucal plural (from two to ten) while the plural ܦܠܚܘܬܐ (pālaḥwāṯā) is a multiple plural (eleven or more).

##### Descendants

* Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: pale
    → Central Kurdish: پاڵە (palle)

### Etymology 2

From the root ܦ ܠ ܚ related to working. Compare Aramaic פלחא.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pallɑħɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [pallɑħe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܦܠܚܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܠܚܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܦܠܚܬܐ)
* worker
    Synonym: ܦܥܠܐ
* tiller, cultivator, farmer, agriculturalist
    Synonym: ܐܟܪܐ
* vintner, vinedresser
    Synonyms: ܟܪܡܐ, ܚܡܪܐ
* worshipper

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: فَلَّاح (fallāḥ)
** → English: fellah
** → French: fellah
** → German: Fellache
** Kurdish
    → Northern Kurdish: file, fele, fileh, fillah, fille
    → Central Kurdish: فەلە (fele)
** → Russian: фелла́х (felláx)
** → Swahili: falahi
** → Ottoman Turkish: فلاح
*** Turkish: felah, fellah
*** → Aromanian: fileah
*** → Bulgarian: фела́х (feláh)
*** → Serbo-Croatian:
**** Cyrillic script: фѐла̄х
**** Latin script: fèlāh

### References

* “plḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 277a, b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 448a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1197b–1198a
# zázrak
## Czech
### Etymology

From za- +‎ zrak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzaːzrak]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

zázrak m inan
* miracle

#### Derived terms

* zázračný
* zázračně

### Further reading

* “zázrak”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “zázrak”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “zázrak”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

From za- +‎ zrak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzaːzrak]

### Noun

zázrak m inan
* miracle
    v ríši zázrakov - in the realm of miracles

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “zázrak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# pijaczyną
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pi.jaˈt͡ʂɘ.nɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɘnɔw̃
* Syllabification: pi‧ja‧czy‧ną

### Noun

pijaczyną
* instrumental singular of pijaczyna
# 고이다
## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 괴다 (goeda)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ko̞ida̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [고이다]

### Etymology 1

First attested as Middle Korean 곱다〮 (kwòptá) in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 上:47a, 1447.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

고이다 • (goida) (infinitive 고여 or 고이어, sequential 고이니)
* (intransitive) to pool, to form a puddle

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Of native Korean origin.

#### Verb

고이다 • (goida) (infinitive 고여 or 고이어, sequential 고이니)
* (transitive) to support, prop

##### Derived terms

* 고인돌 (goindol, “dolmen”)
# ܬܦܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܬܐܦܐ

### Etymology

From Akkadian 𒉽𒂊 (/⁠atappu, adappu⁠/, “canal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tappɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [tappe] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܬܦܐ • (transliteration needed) c (plural ܬܦܐ)
* brook, stream, canal
* (figuratively, of a liquid) stream, flow (e.g., of tears)

#### Inflection
### References

* “tp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 395a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 617b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1658a
# אירע
## Hebrew
### Verb

אירע / אֵרֵעַ • (eréa') (pi'el construction) אירע / אֵרַע • (erá') (pi'el construction)
* to happen, occur

#### Related terms

* אֵרוּעַ (erúa', “event, happening, occurrence”)

## Yiddish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

אירע • (ire) pl
* people

#### Usage notes

* This word can only be used when preceded by a quantity.

### Pronoun

אירע • (ire)
* all-case plural of איר (ir)
# шветлосц
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak svetlosť, from Proto-Slavic *světьlostь. By surface analysis, шветли (švetli) +‎ -осц (-osc). Semantically influenced by Serbo-Croatian светлост / svetlost.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃvɛtlɔst͡s]
* Rhymes: -ɛtlɔst͡s
* Hyphenation: швет‧лосц

### Noun

шветлосц (švetlosc) f (uncountable)
* light
    Synonym: (poetic) луч (luč)
* (physics) visible light

#### Usage notes

* As with the Serbo-Croatian term, шветло (švetlo) is used for more concrete cases, such as tangible light sources; whereas шветлосц (švetlosc) may be used for more abstract and/or figurative senses.

#### Related terms

* шветло f (švetlo)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “шветлосц”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “light”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 166