# 鳶

| 鳶 | U+9CF6, &#40182; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CF6 |
| ← 鳵 [U+9CF5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鳷 → [U+9CF7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鳶 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+3, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心竹日火 (IPHAF), four-corner 4332$_7$, composition ⿱弋鳥)

#### Derived characters

* 𦿂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1482, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46674
* Dae Jaweon: page 2015, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4615, character 13
* Unihan data for U+9CF6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鳶
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷen): semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzwan (“hawk; kite”). Cognate with Burmese စွန် (cwan, “kite”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuān (yuan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^1$ / jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên / yân
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^1$
*** Yale: ywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^1$ / jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yūn / yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^1$ / jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^1$ / yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn⁵⁵/, /jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: eng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
* Middle Chinese: ywen
Rime :
| Character | 鳶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 與專切 |
| Baxter | ywen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /juæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwian/ |
| Li Rong | /iuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷen/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鳶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16103 |
| Phonetic component | 鳶 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沿 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷen/ |
| Notes | 會意遊弋以獵之鷙鳥， 弋非聲 |

### Definitions

鳶
* hawk; kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans)
* kite (aircraft)

#### Synonyms

* (bird): (Dungan) ңәлойин (ŋəloyin)

### Compounds

* 木鳶 / 木鸢
* 紙鳶 / 纸鸢 (zhǐyuān)
* 跕鳶之悟 / 跕鸢之悟
* 魚躍鳶飛 / 鱼跃鸢飞
* 鳶尾 / 鸢尾 (yuānwěi)
* 鳶形 / 鸢形 (yuānxíng)
* 鳶飛戾天 / 鸢飞戾天
* 鳶飛魚躍 / 鸢飞鱼跃

### Descendants

* → Korean: 연(鳶) (yeon)

### References

* “鳶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鸢”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 293.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* kite

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: とび (tobi, 鳶)、とんび (tonbi, 鳶)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鳶
* とび Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 鴟 鵄
Perhaps from 飛び (tobi, “flying”, stem form of 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”)).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とび [tóꜜbì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [to̞bʲi]

#### Noun

鳶(とび) or 鳶(トビ) • (tobi)
* black kite, Milvus migrans
    Synonym: 鳶 (tonbi)
* Short for 鳶口 (tobi-guchi, “a fire hook”).
* Short for 鳶の者 (tobi no sha, “a construction worker, an Edo period fireman”).
* Short for 鳶色 (tobi iro, “kite-wing brown”).
* someone of no fixed employment, a playboy

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鳶
* とんび Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とんび [tóꜜǹbì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [tõ̞mbʲi]

#### Noun

鳶(とんび) or 鳶(トンビ) • (tonbi)
* Alternative form of 鳶 (tobi, “black kite, Milvus migrans”)
* someone who steals things from the front of a house or shop as they pass by
* Short for 鳶合羽 (tonbi-kappa, “a caped overcoat”).

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鳶 (eumhun 솔개 연 (solgae yeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鳶: Hán Nôm readings: diên, diều
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.