OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# إدرار
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of أَدَرَّ (ʔadarra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔid.raːr/

### Noun

إِدْرَار • (ʔidrār) m
* verbal noun of أَدَرَّ (ʔadarra) (form IV)
* making or letting a fluid flow copiously (milk, urine, etc)
    إِدْرَار الحَلِيب ― ʔidrār al-ḥalīb ― milk let-down
    إِدْرَار البَوْل ― ʔidrār al-bawl ― diuresis

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: idrar
* → Ottoman Turkish: ادرار (idrâr)
** → Turkish: idrar
* → Persian: ادرار (edrâr)
* → Kashmiri: اِدرار (idrār)
# بلوغ
## Arabic
### Noun

بُلُوغ • (bulūḡ) m
* verbal noun of بَلَغَ (balaḡa, “to reach”) (form I)
* reaching, attaining
    بُلُوغُ قِمَّةِ إِڤِرِسْت لَيْسَ بِالْأَمْرِ السَّهْل.bulūḡu qimmati ʔivirist laysa bi-l-ʔamri s-sahl.Reaching Mount Everest is not an easy thing.
* puberty, maturity
* full age, majority
* execution, accomplishment, completion

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بلوغ”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# tuyển mộ
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 選 (“to choose, to select”) and 募 (“to recruit”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [twiən˧˩ mo˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [twiəŋ˧˨ mow˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ mow˨˩˨]

### Verb

tuyển mộ
* (business, military) to recruit
    Near-synonym: tuyển dụng (for business only)
# kalendářem
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkalɛndaːr̝ɛm]

### Noun

kalendářem
* instrumental singular of kalendář
# أرجوحة
## Arabic
### Noun

أُرْجُوحَة • (ʔurjūḥa) f (plural أَرَاجِيح (ʔarājīḥ) or أُرْجُوحَات (ʔurjūḥāt))
* any contrivance or application that swings, swing
    الْأَطْفَالُ يُحِبُّونَ اللَّعِبَ عَلَى الْأَرْجُوحَةِ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.al-ʔaṭfālu yuḥibbūna l-laʕiba ʕalā l-ʔarjūḥati fī l-ḥadīqati.Children love to play on the swing in the park.
    يُمْكِنُكَ تَثْبِيتُ الْأَرْجُوحَةِ فِي الْفَنَاءِ الْخَلْفِيِّ لِمَنْزِلِك.yumkinuka taṯbītu l-ʔarjūḥati fī l-fanāʔi l-ḵalfiyyi limanzilik.You can install the swing in your backyard.
** seesaw, bascule
** (firearms) bascule
** cradle
** hammock
** trapeze
** carousel, merry-go-round
# kucaklamak
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قوجاقلامق (kucaklamak), from Proto-Turkic *kūč- (“to embrace”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ku.dʒɑk.ɫɑ.mɑk/

### Verb

kucaklamak (third-person singular simple present kucaklar)
* to hug

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Related terms

* kucak

#### Further reading

* “kucaklamak”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# whirlwind
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English whirlewind, whirlewynde, equivalent to whirl +‎ wind. Compare Middle Dutch wervelwint, Old Norse hvirfilvindr.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈwɜːlwɪnd/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈ(h)wɝlwɪnd/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

whirlwind (plural whirlwinds)
* A windstorm of limited extent, such as a tornado, dust devil, or waterspout, characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward current in the center; a vortex of air.
** 1668, Franciscus Euistor the Palæopolite [pseudonym; Henry More], “The Fifth Dialogue”, in Divine Dialogues, Containing Sundry Disquisitions & Instructions Concerning the Attributes of God and His Providence in the World. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Joseph Downing […], published 1713, →OCLC, paragraph XXXVIII, page 515:VVhile in the mean time there iſſued out on the Eaſt-ſide a ſtrong VVind, but pure and refreſhing, vvhich dividing into ſeveral parts that turned round became ſo many innocuous VVhirl-vvinds of ſincere Air, tinctured only vvith a cool refreſhing ſmell, as if it had paſſed over ſome large field of Lilies and Roſes.
** 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “(please specify the page)”, in The Revolt of Islam; […], London: […] [F]or C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier, […]; by B[uchanan] M‘Millan, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):And his hoofs ground the rocks to fire and dust, / His strong sides made the torrents rise in spray, / And turbulence, as if a whirlwind’s gust / Surrounded us; […]
* (figuratively) A person or body of objects or events sweeping violently onward.
    Once he got that new scooter he turned into a whirlwind and damaged all the flowers.
    The weeks leading up to the convention were a whirlwind of preparation and hurried activity.

#### Hyponyms

* dust devil
* fire whirl
* landspout
* tornado
* waterspout

#### Derived terms

* sow the wind, reap the whirlwind

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Adjective

whirlwind (not comparable)
* Rapid and minimal.
    a whirlwind tour, a whirlwind romance
** 2016, Nina Milne, Rafael's Contract Bride, page 60:So you aren't deserting the Caversham ship. They'll understand. After all, their courtship was pretty whirlwind itself.

#### See also

* whistle-stop
# పడకిల్లు
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* పడకయిల్లు (paḍakayillu)

### Etymology

From పడక (paḍaka) +‎ ఇల్లు (illu).

### Noun

పడకిల్లు • (paḍakillu) n (plural పడకిల్ళ్ళు)
* a bedroom
    Synonyms: పడకగది (paḍakagadi), శయ్యాగృహము (śayyāgr̥hamu)
# شارك
## Arabic
### Verb

شَارَكَ • (šāraka) III (non-past يُشَارِكُ (yušāriku), verbal noun مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka))
* to share, to participate
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:64:وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ وَعِدْهُمْwašārikhum fī l-ʔamwāli wālʔawlādi waʕidhumAnd share with them in wealth and children, and promise them
* to form a partnership, to join, to merge
* to sympathize

#### Descendants

* → Swahili: shirika, -shiriki

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شَارَكَ (šāraka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaː.rak/, [ˈʃæː.rak]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

شارك • (šārak) III (present بشارك (bišārek))
* to share
    ما تنسو تشاركو الفيديو مع صحابكم.mā tinsu tšāreku il-vidyo maʕ ṣḥābkom.Don't forget to share the video with your friends.
* to participate, to take part, to join in
    Synonym: اشترك (ištarak)
# سرع
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Verb

سَرُعَ • (saruʕa) I (non-past يَسْرُعُ (yasruʕu), verbal noun سِرَع (siraʕ) or سَرَع (saraʕ) or سُرْعَة (surʕa))
* to be quick, to hurry
    السَّيَّارَةُ تُسْرِع بِسُرْعَةٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ.as-sayyāratu tusriʕ bisurʕatin ʕalā ṭ-ṭarīqi.The car speeds quickly on the road.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2

Causative of سَرُعَ (saruʕa, “to be quick, to hurry”).

#### Verb

سَرَّعَ • (sarraʕa) II (non-past يُسَرِّعُ (yusarriʕu), verbal noun تَسْرِيع (tasrīʕ))
* (transitive) to hasten, to quicken (e.g. a pace)
* to urge on
* (transitive) to speed up, cause to hurry

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “سرع”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سرع”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Etymology 1.3
#### Noun

سِرَع • (siraʕ) m
* verbal noun of سَرُعَ (saruʕa) (form I)
* haste, hurry

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سرع”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 1.4
#### Noun

سَرَع • (saraʕ) m
* verbal noun of سَرُعَ (saruʕa) (form I)
* haste, hurry

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سرع”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# عزا
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.zaː/

### Verb

عَزَا • (ʕazā) I (non-past يَعْزُو (yaʕzū), verbal noun عَزْو (ʕazw))
* to attribute, to ascribe, to impute, to chalk up [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to someone or something’]
    إِلَامَ تَعْزُو نَجَاحَكَ اَلْمُبَكِّرَ كَمُغَنٍّ؟ʔilāma taʕzū najāḥaka l-mubakkira kamuḡannin?To what do you attribute your early success as a singer?
* to assert, to claim (especially of relationships), to make a claim of paternity

#### Conjugation
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَزَاءْ (ʕazāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.za/

### Noun

عزا • (ʕaza) m
* mourning
* funeral

#### Related terms

* عَزَّى (ʕazza, “to offer condolences”)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَزَاء (ʕazāʔ, “solace, mourning”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

عزا • ('azâ)
* mourning

#### Derived terms

* عزادار ('azâ-dâr)
* عزاداری ('azâdâri)
* عزاخانه ('azâ-xâne)
# بارد
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of بَرَدَ (barada, “to be cold, to freeze”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baː.rid/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

بَارِد • (bārid) (feminine بَارِدَة (bārida), masculine plural بَارِدُونَ (bāridūna), feminine plural بَارِدَات (bāridāt), elative أَبْرَد (ʔabrad))
* cold, cooling
* dull, slow
* poor (wit, poetry)
* incontestable (right)
* safely placed (money)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: biered
* Moroccan Arabic: بارد (bāred)
* → Swahili: baridi

### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بارد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَارِد (bārid).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baː.rid/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

بارد • (bārid) (feminine باردة (bārda), common plural براد (brād), masculine plural باردين (bārdīn), feminine plural باردات (bārdāt), elative أبرد (ʔabrad) or برد (brad))
* cold
* dull

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَارِد (bārid). Equivalent to the active participle of برد (barad, “to become cold”) .

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baː.red/, [ˈbæː.rɪd]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

بارد • (bāred) (feminine باردة (bārde), common plural باردين (bārdīn), elative أبرد (ʔabrad))
* cold
    الطقس بارد. ― iṭ-ṭaʔs bāred ― The weather is cold.
* unemotional, cold-hearted
* sluggish
    Synonym: خامل (ḵāmel)

#### Usage notes

* When describing the weather with الدنيا (id-dinya), the noun برد (bard) is used instead.

#### See also

Temperature · حرارة (ḥarāra) :
| | Cold | Warm | Hot | Hot (Weather) | Very Hot |
| Noun | برد (bard) | دفا (dafa) | حرّ (ḥarr) | شوب (šōb) | حمّ (ḥamm) |
| Verb | برد (barad) | دفي (difi) | سخن (saḵan) | شوّب (šawwab) | حمي (ḥimi) |
| Adjective | بارد (bāred) | دافي (dāfi) | سخن (suḵn), حارّ (ḥārr) | مشوّب (mšawweb) | حامي (ḥāmi) |
| Feeling | بردان (bardān) | دفيان (dafyān) | | شوبان (šōbān) | حميان (ḥamyān) |
# سرعان
## Arabic
### Verb

سُرْعَانَ • (surʕāna)
* (defective) How quickly! in a short time
    سُرْعَانَ مَا قَرَأَ ٱلْكِتَابَ.surʕāna mā qaraʔa l-kitāba.He read the book in a short time.

#### Usage notes

This word belongs to a special group of words known in Arabic as أَسْمَاء أَفْعَال (ʔasmāʔ ʔafʕāl), plural of اِسْم فِعْل (ism fiʕl), literally noun verbs. They act grammatically as nouns more than verbs, but carry the function of a verb. They do not conjugate, but each word signify a grammatical time on its own, in this case the past/perfective. However, they are different from nouns in that they do not receive declensions and inflections (are in the مَبْنِي (mabnī) state), and some (but not all) do not allow possessive enclitics.

### Adjective

سُرْعَان • (surʕān) m pl
* masculine plural of سَرِيع (sarīʕ)
# قفا
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ق ف و (q f w). From Proto-Semitic *ḳapy- (“back of the head”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ḳapay- (“back of the head”).

### Noun

قَفًا • (qafan) m or f (dual قَفَوَان (qafawān), plural أَقْفِيَة (ʔaqfiya) or أَقْفٍ (ʔaqfin) or أَقْفَاء (ʔaqfāʔ) or قُفِيّ (qufiyy) or قِفِيّ (qifiyy))
* (countable, anatomy) the back of the neck, the nape

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: kafa

### Verb

قَفَا • (qafā) I (non-past يَقْفُو (yaqfū), verbal noun قَفْو (qafw) or قُفُوّ (qufuww))
* to go behind, to follow the track, to persecute, to attach to the trail

#### Conjugation
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَفًا (qafan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.fa/

### Noun

قفا • (gafa) m (plural أَقْفِيَة (ʔagfiya))
* the back of the neck, the nape

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَفًا (qafan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔa.fa/, [ˈʔa.fa]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡa.fa/, [ˈɡa.fa]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

قفا • (ʔafa) m
* back (side of something), reverse side, wrong side
* nape
    قفا رقبة ― ʔafa raʔabe ― nape of the neck
* bottom, buttocks, ass
    Synonym: (vulgar) طيز (ṭīz)
# إذن
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔi.ðan/

### Noun

إِذْن • (ʔiḏn) m (plural أُذُون (ʔuḏūn))
* verbal noun of أَذِنَ (ʔaḏina) (form I)
* permission, authorization
* (in the plural) postal money order

#### Alternative forms

* إِذًا (ʔiḏan)

### Adverb

إِذَنْ • (ʔiḏan)
* then, therefore

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic أُذُن (ʔuḏun).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔi.din/, /ʔi.ðin/

#### Noun

إذن • (ʔidin) f (construct state إذْن (ʔidn), plural أذاني (ʔadāni))
* ear
    إذني توجعني…أية/أي إذن؟ ― ʔidni tiwjaʕni…ʔayyat/ʔay ʔidin? ― my ear hurts…which ear?

### Etymology 2

From Arabic إِذِن (ʔiḏin).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔi.zin/, /ʔi.ðin/

#### Noun

إذن • (ʔizin) m (construct state إذْن (ʔizn), plural أذون (ʔuzūn))
* permission

## South Levantine Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔizn/, [ˈʔɪ.z(ɪ)n]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Arabic إِذْن (ʔiḏn).

#### Noun

إذن • (ʔizn) m (plural أذون (ʔuzūn))
* permission
    أخدت إذن من أهلك عشان تروح على هالرحلة؟ʔaḵadt ʔizn ʕašān trūḥ ʕala hār-riḥleDid you get permission from your parents to go on the trip?

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic إِذَنْ (ʔiḏan).

#### Adverb

إذن • (ʔiḏan)
* so, then, therefore
    Synonym: فـ (fa-)
# اعتناء
## Arabic
### Noun

اِعْتِنَاء • (iʕtināʔ) m
* verbal noun of اِعْتَنَى (iʕtanā) (form VIII)
* care
    علينا أن نفحص باعتناء الأسفار المقدسة ― We must carefully examine the Holy Scriptures.

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: اعتنا (itina, “great care; attention”)
** Turkish: itina
# خلاء
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa.laːʔ/
* Rhymes: -aːʔ

### Adjective

خَلَاء • (ḵalāʔ)
* free, independent
* empty

#### Declension
### Noun

خَلَاء • (ḵalāʔ) m
* verbal noun of خَلَا (ḵalā) (form I)
* empty space, void
* privy

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “خلاء”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* خلأ (xala')

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَلَاء (ḵalāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xa.ˈlɑːʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xä.lɑ́ːʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xä.lɑ́ːʔ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xä.lɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xä.lɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xæ.lɒ́ːʔ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χä.lɔ́ʔ]

### Noun

خلاء • (xalâ')
* (physics) vacuum; void
    خلاء امید ― xalâ'-e omid ― total lack of hope
    خلاء عاری از ماده است. ― xalâ' 'âri az mâde ast. ― The vacuum is empty of matter.
* privy; toilet
# لحاظ
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li.ħaːðˤ/

### Noun

لِحَاظ • (liḥāẓ) m (plural لُحُظ (luḥuẓ))
* (anatomy) canthus (corner of the eye)

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic لِحَاظ (liḥāẓ), plural of لَحْظ (laḥẓ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [li.ˈhɑːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [le̞.ɦɑ́ːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [le̞.ɦɑ́ːz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [li.jɑ́ːz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [li.jɔ́ːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [le.ɦɒ́ːz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [li.ɦɔ́z]

### Noun

لحاظ • (lehâz)
* Arabic plural of لحظ (lahz)

### Noun

لحاظ • (lehâz)
* perspective, vintage point
    از لحاظ کشاورزی ― az lehâz-e kešâvarzi ― with regards to agriculture
# أوسط
## Arabic
### Etymology

An elative adjective, from the root و س ط (w s ṭ); compare وَسْط (wasṭ, “center”).

### Adjective

أَوْسَط • (ʔawsaṭ) (feminine وُسْطَى (wusṭā), masculine plural أَوَاسِط (ʔawāsiṭ), feminine plural وُسَط (wusaṭ))
* elative degree of وَسِيط (wasīṭ)
    خَيْرُ الْأُمُورِ أَوْسَطُهَاḵayru l-ʔumūri ʔawsaṭuhā(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* middle, central

#### Derived terms

* الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط (aš-šarq al-ʔawsaṭ)
* الْعُصُور الْوُسْطَى (al-ʕuṣūr al-wusṭā), الْقُرُون الْوُسْطَى (al-qurūn al-wusṭā)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: অওসত (ousôt)
* → Classical Persian: اَوْسَط (awsat)
** → Hindi: औसत (ausat)
# طباخ
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ط ب خ (ṭ b ḵ). Cognate with Hebrew טַבָּח (ṭabāḥ, “butcher, cook”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤab.baːx/

### Noun

طَبَّاخ • (ṭabbāḵ) m (plural طَبَّاخُون (ṭabbāḵūn), feminine طَبَّاخَة (ṭabbāḵa))
* cook

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: طباخ (ṭabbāḵ)
* Moroccan Arabic: طباخ (ṭabbāḵ)
* South Levantine Arabic: طباخ (ṭabbāḵ)

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

Likely analogical.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤbaːχ/

#### Noun

طْباخ • (ṭbāḵ) m
* cooking, preparation of food
    Synonym: طبخ (ṭabḵ)
    طباخ ليلة العاشر ― ṭbāḵ lēlat il-ʕāšir ― The cooking of/for the night of Ashura

### Etymology 2

From Arabic طَبّاخ (ṭabbāḵ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤəˈbːaːχ/

#### Noun

طَبّاخ • (ṭabbāḵ) m (plural طَبّاخين (ṭabbāḵīn), feminine طَبّاخة (ṭabbāḵa))
* cook, chef
    Synonym: شيف (šīf)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic طَبَّاخ (ṭabbāḵ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤab.baːx/

### Noun

طباخ • (ṭabbāḵ) m (plural طباخة (ṭabbāḵa), feminine طباخة (ṭabbāḵa))
* cook
    Synonym: طياب (ṭayyāb)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic طَبَّاخ (ṭabbāḵ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤab.baːx/, [tˤɑbˈbɑːx]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

طبّاخ • (ṭabbāḵ) m (plural طبّاخين (ṭabbāḵīn), feminine طبّاخة (ṭabbāḵa))
* cook

### See also

* إذا كترو طباخين بتنحرق الطبخة (ʔiza kitru ṭ-ṭabbāḵīn btinḥreʔ iṭ-ṭabḵa, “too many cooks spoil the broth”)
# بضاعة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.dˤaː.ʕa/

### Noun

بِضَاعَة • (biḍāʕa) f (plural بَضَائِع (baḍāʔiʕ) or بِضَاعَات (biḍāʕāt))
* commodity, goods, merchandise
    وَجَدَ عُلَمَاءُ الآثَارِ بَضَائِعَ مُصَنَّعَةً فِي مِصْرَwajada ʕulamāʔu l-ʔāṯāri baḍāʔiʕa muṣannaʕatan fī miṣraArchaeologists found manufactured goods in Egypt.
# ربع
## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare أَرْبَعَة (ʔarbaʕa, “four”).

### Noun

رُبُع or رُبْع • (rubuʕ or rubʕ) m (plural أَرْبَاع (ʔarbāʕ))
* one fourth, one quarter
* quarter (area or region)

#### Derived terms

* اَلرُّبْع اَلْخَالِي (ar-rubʕ al-ḵālī)

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: ربع (rubiʕ)
* Moroccan Arabic: ربع (rubʕ, rubuʕ)
* → Catalan: arrova
* → Middle Armenian: ռուպ (ṙup), ըռուպ (əṙup)
** Armenian: ռուբ (ṙub)
* → Italian: rubbio
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: arrova, arroba
** Galician: arroba
** Portuguese: arroba
* → Old Spanish: arroua
** Spanish: arroba
*** → English: arroba
*** → French: arobase
* → Persian: ربع (rob')
** → Azerbaijani: rüb
** → Ottoman Turkish: ربع (rub)
* → Swahili: robo

#### See also

* نِصْف (niṣf, “a half”), ثُلْث (ṯulṯ, “a third”), خُمْس (ḵums, “a fifth”), سُدْس (suds, “a sixth”), سُبْع (subʕ, “a seventh”), ثُمْن (ṯumn, “an eighth”), تُسْع (tusʕ, “a ninth”), عُشْر (ʕušr, “a tenth”)

## Gulf Arabic
### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) (quarter): IPA: /rʊbɪʕ/
* (Kuwait) (friends): IPA: /rəbɪʕ/

### Etymology 1

From Arabic رُبُع (rubuʕ).

#### Noun

رُبِع • (rubiʿ) m (dual رُبْعين (rubʿēn), plural اَرْباع (arbāʿ))
* quarter, one fourth
* (Kuwait) a quarter Kuwaiti Dinar, equivalent to 250 Fils

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

رَبِع • (rabiʿ) m (plural only)
* (plural only) friends
    Synonyms: (singular) رفيج (rfīj), (singular) صاحب (ṣāḥib)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رُبْع (rubʕ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾuβʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rʊbʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rʊbʔ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rʊb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rub̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹobʔ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾubʔ]

### Noun

ربع • (rob')
* quarter, one-fourth
    Synonym: چهارم (čahârom)
    ربع ساعت ― rob' sâ'at ― quarter-hour
    دو و ربع ― do o rob' ― two and a quarter; quarter past two

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: rüb
* → Ottoman Turkish: ربع (rub)

#### See also

* نیم (nim, “half”)
* نصف (nesf, “half”)
* ثلث (sols, “third”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic رُبُع (rubuʕ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rubʕ/, [ˈrʊ.b(ʊ)ʕ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

ربع • (rubʕ) m (plural رباع (rbāʕ))
* quarter
# سوى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

سَوَّى • (sawwā) II (non-past يُسَوِّي (yusawwī), verbal noun تَسْوِيَة (taswiya))
* to equalize
* to make even, to straighten
* to settle (a dispute)
* to smooth
* to reconcile (بَيْنَ (bayna))
* to regularize
* to restore
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 75:3-4:أَیَحۡسَبُ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ أَلَّن نَّجۡمَعَ عِظَامَهُۥ (٣) بَلَىٰ قَـٰدِرِینَ عَلَىٰۤ أَن نُّسَوِّیَ بَنَانَهُۥ (٤)3. Thinketh man that We shall not assemble his bones? 4. Yea, verily. We are Able to restore his very fingers!

#### Synonyms

* (to equalize): سَاوَى (sāwā)

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: سَوَّى (səwwə, “to make, to do”)
* Hijazi Arabic: سَوَّى (sawwa, “to make, to do”)
* Maltese: sewwa
* South Levantine Arabic: سوّى (sawwa, “to make, to do”)

### Noun

سِوًى • (siwan) m
* verbal noun of سَوِيَ (sawiya) (form I)
* used in the construct state in ways which are translated into Standard Average European languages as prepositions like except, but, short of; of very frequent occurrence (followed by genitive)
    لَا أُحِبُّ سِوَى تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةِ.lā ʔuḥibbu siwā tilka l-marʔati.I love no one but that woman.
    مَن سَيَفْتَدِي طُهْرَ الْعِرَاقِ سِوَانَا؟man sayaftadī ṭuhra l-ʕirāqi siwānā?Who will save the purity of the Iraq if not us?
** a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 71 Nr. 79:سفوف لأصحاب السعال مع خلفة شاه بلوط وقشور اللوز الأحمر الرقيق وخروب شامي وخرنوب نبطي وطين أرمني مغسول وصمغ عربي ونشاء وبزر بقلة وخشخاش يحمص سوى الطين ويستعملA powder for those who suffer from the cough in conjunction with diarrhoea Sweet chestnut, the peels of dainty reddish almonds, Syrian carob, Nabataean carob, washed Armenian bole, gum-arabic, starch, purslane seeds, and poppy. (This) is roasted except the bole, and used.

#### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَوَّى (sawwā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saw.wa/

### Verb

سوى • (sawwa) II (non-past يِسَوِّي (yisawwi))
* to do, to make
    Synonym: (rare) عمل (ʕimil)
    إيش سوَّى؟ ― ʔēš sawwa? ― what did he do?

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* ساوى (sāwa, Galilee)

### Etymology

From Arabic سَوَّى (sawwā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saw.wa/, [ˈsaw.wa]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

سوّى • (sawwa) II (present بسوّي (bisawwi))
* to do, to make
    Synonym: عمل (ʕimil)
# شكو
## Arabic
### Noun

شَكْو • (šakw) m
* verbal noun of شَكَا (šakā) (form I)

#### Declension
## Iraqi Arabic
### Etymology

ش +‎ ـأكو

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɜku/

### Phrase

شكو (šakū)?
* What is there?
    شكو بالمطعم؟ ― šaku bil maṭʕam? ― What's there in the restaurant?

## Soqotri
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃko/

### Noun

شكُو (ško) m
* sword

### References

* Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2018) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 592