# 自分
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zìfèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄈㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ fan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zìfèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄈㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zìhfèn
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^4$-fên$^4$
*** Yale: dz̀-fèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhfenn
*** Palladius: цзыфэнь (czyfɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ fan$^1$
*** Yale: jih fān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ fan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² fɐn⁵⁵/

### Verb

自分
* (literary) to evaluate oneself; to assess oneself; to self-estimate
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Wǔ yuē: “Zìfèn yǐ sǐ jiǔ yǐ! Wáng bì yù xiáng Wǔ, qǐng bì jīnrì zhī huān, xiàosǐ yú qián!” [Pinyin]
    For a long time I've thought of myself as already dead,”said Su Wu. “King that you are, if you are bent upon forcing me to renounce my allegiance to the Han, then when today's festivities are over, I request permission to end my life in your presence.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 自 | 分 |
| じ Grade: 2 | ぶん Grade: 2 |
| goon ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じぶん [jìbúń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑibɯ̟̃ɴ]

### Noun

自(じ)分(ぶん) • (jibun)
* oneself
    過(か)去(こ)とは違(ちが)う自(じ)分(ぶん)
       kako to wa chigau jibun
       a self who is different from the [self of the] past
    太(た)郎(ろう)は自(じ)分(ぶん)を責(せ)めた。
       Tarō wa jibun o semeta.
       Taro blamed himself.
** 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)34(さんじゅうよん)話(わ)　Ｌｅｔ’ｓ(レッツ) お見(み)舞(ま)い [Chapter 34: Let’s Go for a Hospital Visit]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 161–162:
    いいえ　俺(おれ)が勝(か)ちたいのは自(じ)分(ぶん)です
       Īe ore ga kachitai no wa jibun desu
       No, the one I want to beat is myself
* first-person pronoun: I, me (often shows the speaker's lower position in a hierarchy than the addressee)
* (Kansai) you

#### Usage notes

* 自(じ)分(ぶん) (jibun) means “oneself”, with 自(じ)分(ぶん)で (jibun de) meaning “by oneself, by one’s own efforts”. By contrast, 一(ひと)人(り)で and 独(ひと)りで (hitori de) mean rather “alone”. Compare doing an assignment by oneself (without help) versus doing an assignment alone (without any other person around).

#### Synonyms

* 一(ひと)人(り) (hitori), 独(ひと)り (hitori)

### See also

* 自(じ)己(こ) (jiko)
Japanese first-person pronouns by speakers and situations according to Yuko Saegusa, Concerning the First Personal Pronoun of Native Japanese Speakers (2009)
First-person pronouns by elementary school pupils (2008) :
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Female | To friends | うち (uchi) 49% | First name 26% | あたし (atashi) 15% |
| Female | In the family | First name 33% | あたし (atashi) 29% | うち (uchi) 23% |
| Female | In a class | わたし (watashi) 86% | あたし (atashi) 7% | うち (uchi) 6% |
| Female | To an unknown visitor | わたし (watashi) 75% | あたし (atashi), first name, うち (uchi) 8% each | あたし (atashi), first name, うち (uchi) 8% each |
| Female | To the class teacher | わたし (watashi) 66% | First name 13% | あたし (atashi) 9% |
| Male | To friends | おれ (ore) 72% | ぼく (boku) 19% | First name 4% |
| Male | In the family | おれ (ore) 62% | ぼく (boku) 23% | うち (uchi) 6% |
| Male | In a class | ぼく (boku) 85% | おれ (ore) 13% | First name, nickname 1% each |
| Male | To an unknown visitor | ぼく (boku) 64% | おれ (ore) 26% | First name 4% |
| Male | To the class teacher | ぼく (boku) 67% | おれ (ore) 27% | First name 3% |
First-person pronouns by university students (2009) :
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Female | To friends | うち (uchi) 39% | あたし (atashi) 30% | わたし (watashi) 22% |
| Female | In the family | あたし (atashi) 28% | First name 27% | うち (uchi) 18% |
| Female | In a class | わたし (watashi) 89% | あたし (atashi) 7% | 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 3% |
| Female | To an unknown visitor | わたし (watashi) 81% | あたし (atashi) 10% | 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 6% |
| Female | To the class teacher | わたし (watashi) 77% | あたし (atashi) 17% | 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 7% |
| Male | To friends | おれ (ore) 87% | うち (uchi) 4% | わたし (watashi), 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 2% each |
| Male | In the family | おれ (ore) 88% | ぼく (boku), 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 5% each | ぼく (boku), 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 5% each |
| Male | In a class | わたし (watashi) 48% | 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 28% | ぼく (boku) 22% |
| Male | To an unknown visitor | ぼく (boku) 36% | 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 29% | わたし (watashi) 22% |
| Male | To the class teacher | 自分(じぶん) (jibun) 38% | ぼく (boku) 29% | わたし (watashi) 22% |

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.