# 噂

| 噂 | U+5642, &#22082; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5642 |
| ← 噁 [U+5641] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 噃 → [U+5643] |

## Translingual
### Han character

噂 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 口廿田戈 (RTWI), four-corner 6804$_6$, composition ⿰口尊)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 208, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4286
* Dae Jaweon: page 431, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 686, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5642

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 尊 | *ʔsuːn |
| 樽 | *ʔsuːn |
| 罇 | *ʔsuːn |
| 嶟 | *ʔsuːn, *ʔsun |
| 繜 | *ʔsuːn |
| 撙 | *ʔsuːnʔ |
| 噂 | *ʔsuːnʔ |
| 譐 | *ʔsuːnʔ |
| 僔 | *ʔsuːnʔ |
| 蹲 | *zuːn |
| 鱒 | *zuːnʔ, *zuːns |
| 鐏 | *zuːns |
| 遵 | *ʔsun |
| 鷷 | *ʔsun, *zun |
| 墫 | *sʰun |
| 竴 | *sʰun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsuːnʔ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǔn (zun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zong$^3$ / zuong$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chún
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔn
*** Wade–Giles: tsun$^3$
*** Yale: dzwǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoen
*** Palladius: цзунь (czunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyun$^2$
*** Yale: jyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syːn³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zong$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceông
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zuong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suoŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chún
*** Tâi-lô: tsún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tswonX
Rime :
| Character | 噂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 兹損切 |
| Baxter | tswonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡suən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡swən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡suən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suən$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡suən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǔn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 噂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17990 |
| Phonetic component | 尊 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𠟃 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsuːnʔ/ |

### Definitions

噂
* to talk together

#### Compounds

* 噂噆
* 噂噂
* 噂沓
* 噂議 / 噂议

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “噂”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 321.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| 噂󠄂 噂+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| Kyūjitai | 噂 |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son)
* Kan-on: そん (son)
* Kun: うわさ (uwasa, 噂)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 噂
* うわさ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
/ufasa/ → /uwasa/
First attested in works from the Muromachi period.
Considering that the meaning originally referred to private conversation about one's social superiors, possibly derived as a compound of 上 (ufa, “up, upward”, ancient reading of modern uwa, the combining form of modern ue; in reference to those of higher social standing) +‎ さ (sa, “-ness”, suffix indicating state or degree). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うわさ [ùwásá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟β̞a̠sa̠]
* (Kyoto) う​わさ [úꜜwàsà] (Kōki)

### Noun

噂(うわさ) • (uwasa)
* rumor, rumour
* gossip
* Abbreviation of 噂付け (uwasazuke, obsolete): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Synonyms

* 風(ふう)説(せつ) (fūsetsu)
* 風(ふう)聞(ぶん) (fūbun)
* 世(せ)評(ひょう) (sehyō)

### Verb

噂(うわさ)する • (uwasa suru) transitive suru (stem 噂(うわさ)し (uwasa shi), past 噂(うわさ)した (uwasa shita))
* to talk gossip (about)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 噂し | うわさし | uwasa shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 噂し | うわさし | uwasa shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 噂する | うわさする | uwasa suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 噂する | うわさする | uwasa suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 噂すれ | うわさすれ | uwasa sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 噂せよ¹ 噂しろ² | うわさせよ¹ うわさしろ² | uwasa seyo¹ uwasa shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 噂される | うわさされる | uwasa sareru |
| Causative | 噂させる 噂さす | うわささせる うわささす | uwasa saseru uwasa sasu |
| Potential | 噂できる | うわさできる | uwasa dekiru |
| Volitional | 噂しよう | うわさしよう | uwasa shiyō |
| Negative | 噂しない | うわさしない | uwasa shinai |
| Negative continuative | 噂せず | うわさせず | uwasa sezu |
| Formal | 噂します | うわさします | uwasa shimasu |
| Perfective | 噂した | うわさした | uwasa shita |
| Conjunctive | 噂して | うわさして | uwasa shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 噂すれば | うわさすれば | uwasa sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Idioms

* 噂(うわさ)をすれば (uwasa o sureba)

### References

* 1 2 3 “うわさ［うはさ］ 【噂】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

噂 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

噂: Hán Nôm readings: ton
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.