# 杭州
## Chinese

* 杭州 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 杭州 (Cantonese)
* 杭州 (Classical)
* Hòng-chû (Hakka)
* Hòng-ciŭ (Eastern Min)
* Hâng-chiu (Southern Min)
* 杭州 (Wu)

### Etymology

The province's name derived from 餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng), traditionally glossed as a mistake for 禹航 (“Yu's ferry”) but more likely a transcription into Old Chinese characters of a native Proto-Wu placename.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Hángzhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hong$^4$ zau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong$^3$ ziu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Hòng-chû
    (Hailu, HRS): hong zhiu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hong$^2$ zu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Hòng-ciŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang$^2$ ziu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Hâng-chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hang$^5$ ziu$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ghaon-tseu$_1$ / $^2$ghan-tsei$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Hángzhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Hángjhou
*** Wade–Giles: Hang$^2$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: Háng-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Harngjou
*** Palladius: Ханчжоу (Xančžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hong$^4$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: hòhng jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hong$^4$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hong$^4$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hong$^3$ ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hòng-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: hong$^ˇ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hong$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hong zhiu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃiu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hong$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Hòng-ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /houŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^2$ ziu$^1$ [Phonetic: hang$^2$ niu$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Háng-ciu
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ¹³ $^{(t͡s-)}$niu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hâng-chiu
*** Tâi-lô: Hâng-tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hangciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hang$^5$ ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghaon-tseu$_1$
*** MiniDict: ghaon$^去$ tseu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhaan-tseu$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ghan-tsei$_1$
*** MiniDict: ghan$^平$ tsei$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦɑŋ²² t͡sei³⁴/

### Proper noun

杭州
* (～市) Hangzhou (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, China)
* (～灣) Hangzhou Bay (the adjacent bay of the East China Sea, separating Shanghai from Ningbo)
* (historical) Hang Prefecture or Province (former division of imperial China)

#### Synonyms

* (city): 杭 (háng), (historical, poetic) 武林 (wǔlín), (historical) 臨安／临安 (Lín'ān), (historical) 行在 (Xíngzài), (historical) 錢塘／钱塘 (Qiántáng)

#### Derived terms

* 蘇杭 / 苏杭 (Sūháng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)
* → Korean: 항주(杭州) (Hangju)
* → Vietnamese: Hàng Châu (杭州)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 杭 | 州 |
| こう Jinmeiyō | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Proper noun

杭(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)
* Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 杭 | 州 |
| くい Jinmeiyō | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi | on'yomi |
To distinguish it orally with 広州(こうしゅう) (Kōshū).

#### Proper noun

杭(くい)州(しゅう) • (Kuishū)
* Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 杭 | 州 |

### Proper noun

杭州 • (Hangju) (hangeul 항주)
* hanja form of 항주 (“Hangzhou”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 杭 | 州 |

### Proper noun

杭州
* chữ Hán form of Hàng Châu (“Hangzhou”).