OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Βοιωτία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Βοιωτός (Boiōtós) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boi̯.ɔː.tí.aː/ → /βy.oˈti.a/ → /vi.oˈti.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /boi̯.ɔː.tí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /by.oˈti.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /βy.oˈti.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /vy.oˈti.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /vi.oˈti.a/

### Proper noun

Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ • (Boiōtĭ́ā) f (genitive Βοιωτῐ́ᾱς); first declension
* Boeotia

#### Descendants

* English: Boeotia, Beotia
* French: Béotie
* Greek: Βοιωτία f (Voiotía)
* Italian: Beozia
* Portuguese: Beócia
* Latin: Boeōtia

### References

* “Βοιωτία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Βοιωτία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,004

### Further reading

* Boeotia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Greek
### Alternative forms

* Βοιοτία f (Voiotía) (misspelling)

### Proper noun

Βοιωτία • (Voiotía) f
* Boeotia (a nome in Greece and state in the ancient country)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Βοιωτία on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# វិក្កយសាលា
## Khmer
### Etymology

Derived from Pali vikkaya + sālā.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | វិក្កយសាលា vik̥kysālā |
| Phonemic | វិ-ក្កៈ-យៈ-សា-ល៉ា / វិ-កៃ-យ៉ៈ-សា-ល៉ា vi-k̥k`-y`-sā-l″ā / vi-kai-y″`-sā-l″ā |
| WT romanisation | vɨkkaʼyĕəʼsaalaa, vikayyaʼsaalaa |
| (standard) IPA | /ʋɨk.kaʔ.jĕəʔ.saː.laː/ ~ /ʋi.kaj.jaʔ.saː.laː/ |

### Noun

វិក្កយសាលា • (vɨkkaʼyĕəʼsaalaa)
* (formal) store, department store
# pretightens
## English
### Verb

pretightens
* third-person singular simple present indicative of pretighten
# exprimido
## Portuguese
### Participle

exprimido (feminine exprimida, masculine plural exprimidos, feminine plural exprimidas)
* past participle of exprimir

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eɡspɾiˈmido/ [eɣ̞s.pɾiˈmi.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ido
* Syllabification: ex‧pri‧mi‧do

### Noun

exprimido m (plural exprimidos)
* (Rioplatense) Ellipsis of jugo exprimido (“cold-pressed juice”).

### Participle

exprimido (feminine exprimida, masculine plural exprimidos, feminine plural exprimidas)
* past participle of exprimir
# 㣴

| 㣴 | U+38F4, &#14580; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-38F4 |
| ← 㣳 [U+38F3] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 㣵 → [U+38F5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

㣴 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人廿一金 (HOTMC), four-corner 2428$_6$, composition ⿰彳黃)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 371, character 19
* Unihan data for U+38F4

## Korean
### Glyph origin

A Korean-coined Han character (국자 (國字, gukja)).
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, 황 (hwang)): semantic 彳 (“to walk slowly”) + phonetic 黃 (황 (hwang)).

### Hanja

㣴 (eum 황 (hwang))
* hanja form of 황 (“the first note, 황종 (黃鐘, hwangjong) of the Shí-èr-lǜ musical scale”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
# punchinello
## English
### Etymology

From Punchinello.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpʌnt͡ʃɪˈnɛləʊ/
* Rhymes: -ɛləʊ

### Noun

punchinello (plural punchinellos or punchinelloes)
* Alternative letter-case form of Punchinello
** 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 37:The children of George III played with an eight-inch-long rattle made of gold and coral and decorated with gold bells. The little King of Rome, Napoleon's son, had one with the face formed as a punchinello with an ivory handle and eight bells, in fact, a poupard. This punchinello had Napoleon's face, made expressly in order for his son.
* A small brown butterfly, Zemeros flegyas, family Riodinidae, of Asia.
# static cling
## English
### Noun

static cling (uncountable)
* The tendency for an object with a build-up of static electricity to stick or cling to other objects.

### See also

* triboelectric effect
* dust bunny
# cermin
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* tjermin (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

### Etymology

From Malay cermin, from Classical Malay cermin, from Proto-Malayic *CAɣ(ə)min.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /t͡ʃərˈmin/ [t͡ʃərˈmin]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -in
* Syllabification: cer‧min

### Noun

cêrmin (plural cermin-cermin)
* mirror (smooth reflecting surface)
    Synonym: kaca
    Aku melihat wajahku di cermin. ― I see my face in the mirror.

#### Derived terms

* becermin
* bercermin
* cerminan
* mempercermin
* mencermini
* mencerminkan
* pencerminan
* tecermin

### Further reading

* “cermin” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *CAɣ(ə)min.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃərˈmin/ [t͡ʃərˈmin]
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Hyphenation: cer‧min

### Noun

cermin (Jawi spelling چرمين, plural cermin-cermin, informal 1st possessive cerminku, 2nd possessive cerminmu, 3rd possessive cerminnya)
* mirror

#### Derived terms

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* batu cermin (“mica”)
* cermin mata (“glasses”)

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: cermin (inherited)
* → Bonggi: seromin
* → Bikol Central: salming
* → Cebuano: samin
* → Central Dusun: soromin
* → Ida'an: selammin
* → Ilocano: sarming
* → Kapampangan: salamin
* → Kimaragang: corimin
* → Maguindanao: sermin
* → Maranao: salamin
* → Pangasinan: salming
* → Rungus: soromin
* → Semai: cermin
* → Tagalog: salamin
* → Tobilung: soromin
* → Upper Kinabatangan: saramin
* → Waray-Waray: saraming
* → Yakan: sāmin

### Further reading

* “cermin” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Igbaras
## English
### Proper noun

Igbaras
* A municipality of Iloilo, Philippines.
# 䰶

| 䰶 | U+4C36, &#19510; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4C36 |
| ← 䰵 [U+4C35] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 䰷 → [U+4C37] |

## Translingual
### Han character

䰶 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+3, 14 strokes, cangjie input 弓火卜女 (NFYV), composition ⿰魚亡)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1465, character 21
* Unihan data for U+4C36

## Korean
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, 망 (mang)): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 亡 (망 (mang)).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ma̠(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [망(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

䰶 (eumhun 망둥이 망 (mangdung'i mang))
* hanja form of 망 (“common goby”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 망어 (䰶魚, mang'eo)
# New Lucena
## English
### Proper noun

New Lucena
* A municipality of Iloilo, Philippines.
# sự
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 事 (“abstract thing”), from Literary Chinese 事. Per Chinese morphology, it's used as a suffix and is fossilized in borrowings. In Vietnamese, it became a prefix to conform to native morphology. Compare other verbal nominalizers such as Rade klei and Japanese 事 (koto). Also see một cách (adverbializer).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [sɨ˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂɨ˨˩ʔ] ~ [sɨ˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂɨ˨˩˨] ~ [sɨ˨˩˨]

### Prefix

sự
* (collective) affairs (abstract)
    sự đời ― life affairs
    sự nghiệp ― career
* nominalizes verbs or adjectives
    sự sống còn ― survival
    sự đau đớn ― pain
    sự tương tác ― interaction

#### Derived terms

* cán sự
* chiến sự
* cộng sự
* dân sự
* đại sự
* hành sự
* hậu sự
* hình sự
* hôn sự
* khởi sự
* kí sự
* lí sự
* nhân sự
* phụng sự
* quân sự
* quốc sự
* sự kiện
* sự nghiệp
* sự thực
* sự tích
* sự tình
* sự vật
* sự việc
* tâm sự
* thời sự
* tự sự
* vô sự
* xử sự

#### See also

* việc
# verbéna
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Latin verbena.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɛrbeːnɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ver‧bé‧na
* Rhymes: -nɒ

### Noun

verbéna (usually uncountable, plural verbénák)
* verbena
    Synonym: vasfű

#### Declension
### Further reading

* verbéna in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* verbéna in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# Highlands
## English
### Etymology

Specific application of highlands, equivalent to high +‎ lands.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Proper noun

(the) Highlands pl (plural only)
* The mountainous northern area of Scotland.
* A town in Orange County, New York, United States.

#### Hypernyms

* Scotland

#### Coordinate terms

* Lowlands

#### Derived terms

* Addington Highlands
* Central Highlands
* Descartes Highlands
* Grey Highlands
* Highland (adj)
* Highlander
* Highlands County
* Highlands East
* Lanark Highlands
* Ozark Highlands
* Southern Highlands
* St Minver Highlands

#### Related terms

* highland, Highland (n)
# jázmin
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjaːzmin]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: jáz‧min
* Rhymes: -in

### Noun

jázmin (plural jázminok)
* jasmine

#### Declension
### Further reading

* jázmin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# suffrago
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin suffrāgō.

### Noun

suffrago
* (zoology) The joint between the tibia and tarsus, such as the hock of a horse's hind leg or the heel of a bird.

### Anagrams

* sugar off

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sufˈfra.ɡo/
* Rhymes: -aɡo
* Hyphenation: suf‧frà‧go

### Verb

suffrago
* first-person singular present indicative of suffragare

## Latin
### Etymology 1

This verb, its deponent version suffrāgor (“to vote for, support, favor”), and the related noun suffrāgium (“voting tablet, ballot, vote”) come from the prefix sub- (“under”) combined with an uncertain root.
One proposal derives them from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”), the root of frangō (“to break”). The semantic development might be along the same lines as in the related noun fragor (“crash, din, uproar”), with the sense "break, shatter, clash" shifting to "make clashing noises, make an uproar (in support of a candidate)" to "lend support, vote for someone".
Another proposal derives it from the same source as the noun suffrāgō (see below) and may have originally meant an ankle bone or knuckle bone.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /sufˈfraː.ɡoː/, [s̠ʊfˈfräːɡoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /sufˈfra.ɡo/, [sufˈfräːɡo]

#### Verb

suffrāgō (present infinitive suffrāgāre, perfect active suffrāgāvī, supine suffrāgātum); first conjugation
* to support; to vote for

##### Related terms

* suffrāgor
* suffrāgium

##### Descendants

* Catalan: sufragar
* Galician: sufragar
* Italian: suffragare
* Portuguese: sufragar
* Spanish: sufragar

### Etymology 2

From sub- +‎ *frāgō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrāg- (“rump, hock, hindquarters”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break, crack, split”). Cognate with Latin braca (“trousers”).

#### Noun

suffrāgō f (genitive suffrāginis); third declension
* the ham or hough, hock of a quadruped's hind leg

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

##### Descendants

* Catalan: sofraja, sofranya
* Galician: sofraxe
* → English: suffrago (learned)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “suffrāgium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 597-598

### Further reading

* “suffrago”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* suffrago in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# 白学堡
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 白学堡 – see 白學堡 (“Strasbourg”). (This term is the simplified form of 白學堡).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# jarm
## English
### Etymology

Variant of charm (“chirp”).

### Noun

jarm (plural jarms)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of charm (“sound of birds”)

## Icelandic
### Noun

jarm n (genitive singular jarms, no plural)
* baa (sound made by sheep)
* (Internet) meme
# Cold Spring
## English
### Proper noun

Cold Spring
* A place in the United States:
** A home rule city in Campbell County, Kentucky.
** A city in Stearns County, Minnesota.
** An unincorporated community in Cape May County, New Jersey.
** A village in Philipstown, Putnam County, New York.
** An unincorporated community in Bledsoe County, Tennessee.
** A town and unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.

#### Alternative forms

* Coldspring, Cold Springs
# driving force
## English
### Noun

driving force (plural driving forces)
* Impetus; a person or thing that causes, stimulates, or motivates something to happen.
** 2003, Manja Ledderhos, Strategy on Multiple Channels, →ISBN:Many authors see a digital revolution taking place today and stress that this is a driving force behind many changes in companies.
** 2012, Hugh Downs, Yours Truly, Hugh Downs, →ISBN:Every living creature has a driving force that pushes him in the direction of certain goals.
** 2015, Mark Horsley, The Dark Side of Prosperity: Late Capitalism’s Culture of Indebtedness, →ISBN:With the aim of moving toward our subsequent discussion of the driving forces behind mass indebtedness, however, we might take things a little further by condensing the original work's detailed breakdown into two very broad causes of individual indebtedness.
** 2015, Mohammed bin Maktoum, Flashes of Thought, →ISBN:Sheikh Mohammed is the driving force behind the transformation of Dubai into one of the great cities of the modern world: a hub for business and tourism, and the world's gateway to the Middle East.
** 2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 50:Marples, who later fled to Monaco to escape prosecution for fraud, was the driving force behind The Reshaping of British Railways report published on March 27 1963. Dr Richard Beeching [who wrote the report] was just his fall guy.
* The force that causes something to move or a physical process to occur.
** 2007, Helmut Mehrer, Diffusion in Solids, →ISBN, page 178:Diffusing particles experience a drift motion in addition to random diffusion, when an external driving force is applied.
** 2013, Nicholas Sperelakis, Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Heart, →ISBN, page 67:The total driving force is the sum of two forces: an electrical force (e.g. the negative potential in the cell tends to pull in positively charged ions) and a diffusion force (based on the concentration gradient) (fig. 3-5).
** 2016, Shripad T. Revankar, Pradip Majumdar, Fuel Cells: Principles, Design, and Analysis, →ISBN, page 277:The ions transport through the fuel cell electrolytes under the influence of both electrical potential gradient and concentration gradient as the driving forces.

#### Translations
### References

* “driving force”, in Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1999–present.
* “driving force” in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Longman.
* “driving force” (US) / “driving force” (UK) in Macmillan English Dictionary.
# zyufyou
## Japanese
### Romanization

zyufyou
* Rōmaji transcription of じゆひよう
# δραστηριοποιώ
## Greek
### Etymology

Learnedly from δραστήρι(ος) (drastíri(os)) +‎ -ο- (-o-) +‎ -ποιώ (-poió).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðɾa.sti.ɾi.o.piˈo/
* Hyphenation: δρα‧στη‧ρι‧ο‧ποι‧ώ

### Verb

δραστηριοποιώ • (drastiriopoió) (past δραστηριοποίησα, passive δραστηριοποιούμαι, p‑past δραστηριοποιήθηκα, ppp δραστηριοποιημένος) (transitive)
* to call to action, to mobilize
* to activate (to encourage development or induce increased activity)

#### Derived terms

* δραστηριοποίηση f (drastiriopoíisi)

#### Related terms

* δραστήριος (drastírios)
* δραστηριότητα f (drastiriótita)
* and see: δρω (dro)

### References

* ↑ δραστηριοποιώ, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# ail-
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* eil-

### Etymology

From ail (“second”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌai̯l/

### Prefix

ail-
* again, re-
    Synonyms: ad-, at-
    ‎ail- + ‎creu (“to create”) → ‎ail-greu (“to recreate”)
    ‎ail- + ‎cylchu (“to circle”) → ‎ailgylchu (“to recycle”)
    ‎ail- + ‎gwerthusiad (“appraisal”) → ‎ailwerthusiad (“reappraisal”)

#### Derived terms
### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ail-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# Aika
## Japanese
### Romanization

Aika
* Rōmaji transcription of あいか
* Rōmaji transcription of アイか
* Rōmaji transcription of アイカ
# aîká
## Old Tupi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ajˈka/
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: aî‧ká

### Noun

aîká (unpossessable)
* dolphin (carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea)
    Synonym: pukusĩ

### References

* anonymous author (1622) “Boto, certo peixe”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 58: “Aicâ. Pucuçĩ. [Aîká. Pukusĩ.]”
* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “aîká”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 17, column 1
# Pfefferminze
## German
### Etymology

From Pfeffer (“pepper”) +‎ Minze (“mint”). Compare English peppermint.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpfɛfɐmɪnt͡sə/, /ˈfɛfɐmɪnt͡sə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Pfef‧fer‧min‧ze

### Noun

Pfefferminze f (genitive Pfefferminze, plural Pfefferminzen)
* (botany) peppermint (A sweet medicinal and culinary plant with strongly flavored leaves.)

#### Related terms

* Pfefferminzblatt, Pfefferminzbonbon, Pfefferminzgeschmack, Pfefferminzkaugummi, Pfefferminzöl, Pfefferminztee

#### Descendants

* → Vilamovian: pfefferminc
# Pfefferminztee
## German
### Etymology

From Pfefferminze +‎ Tee.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈp͡fɛfɐmɪnt͡sˌteː], /ˈfɛfɐmɪnt͡sˌteː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Pfef‧fer‧minz‧tee

### Noun

Pfefferminztee m (strong, genitive Pfefferminztees, plural Pfefferminztees)
* peppermint tea

#### Hypernyms

* Kräutertee

#### Coordinate terms

* Kamillentee
* Salbeitee

### Further reading

* “Pfefferminztee” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Pfefferminztee” in Duden online
# Tathelm
## Old English
### Etymology

From Old English tāt (“glad, cheerful”) + helm (“defense, protection”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɑːtˌxelm/, [ˈtɑːtˌheɫm]

### Proper noun

Tāthelm m
* a male given name

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

### References

* Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis: Nec Non Obituaria Duo Ejusdem Ecclesiae (Durham Liber Vitae) page 28, line 21, recorded as "Tathelm".
# diidiłjeeh
## Navajo

di- (“into fire”, disjunct prefix) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (“fire”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -jeeh (imperfective stem of root -JÉÉʼ, “to lay down, to position — 3+ objects of animate, stick-like or string-like classes”).
Lit. to lay them (wood sticks) into fire.

### Verb

diidiłjeeh
* he/she is making it, starting it, building it (a fire)

#### Conjugation

Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/yi).
| FUTURE | singular | duoplural | plural |
| 1st person | didideeshjah | dididiiljah | didadidiiljah |
| 2nd person | dididííłjah | dididoołjah | didadidoołjah |
| 3rd person | diididoołjah | diididoołjah | dideididoołjah |
| 4th person | dizhdidoołjah | dizhdidoołjah | didazhdidoołjah |

#### Related terms

* IMPERFECTIVE: -jeeh
* PERFECTIVE: -jééʼ
* FUTURE: -jah
* ITERATIVE: -jah
* OPTATIVE: -jeeh
# vishing
## English
### Etymology

Blend of voice +‎ phishing

### Noun

vishing (uncountable)
* A form of phishing using a telephone call to the prospective victim.
** 2008, Gregory B. White, Dwayne Williams, Roger Davis, CompTIA Security+ All-in-One Exam Guide, Second Edition (Exam SY0-201), page 36:Vishing takes advantage of the trust that most people place in the telephone network.
** 2009, Ken Dunham, Mobile malware attacks and defense, page 188:Within just an hour, a new vishing infrastructure can be configured and put in place to launch a new attack.
** 2010, David A. Montague, Essentials of Online Payment Security and Fraud Prevention, page 85:Between 2006 and 2007, the number of vishing identity theft cases rose from 3 percent of theft to 40 percent (Source: Javelin Strategy & Research.)
** 2014, Nick Wingfield, Swindlers Use Telephones, With Internet’s Tactics‎:But there has been less public outreach about similar new types of phone schemes, sometimes called vishing.

#### Hypernyms

* phishing

#### Holonyms

* social engineering

#### Coordinate terms

* smishing
# grooming
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɹuːmɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːmɪŋ

### Verb

grooming
* present participle and gerund of groom

### Noun

grooming (usually uncountable, plural groomings)
* Care for one's personal appearance, hygiene, and clothing.
    I believe in good grooming.
* (biology) The practice of primates picking through the hair of others, looking for insects etc.
* The act of teaching someone, often for advancement at work.
* Caring for horses or other animals by brushing and cleaning them.
* The act of gaining the trust of a child or vulnerable person in order to take advantage of or exploit them, especially sexually.
* (software engineering) In agile software development, the reviewing and prioritization of items in the development backlog.
    Synonym: refinement

#### Synonyms

* (act of teaching): coaching, mentoring
* (caring for horses): currying

#### Coordinate terms

* (care for one's appearance): personal hygiene – more basic level of care

#### Derived terms

* allogrooming
* autogrooming
* cybergrooming
* snow grooming

#### Translations
### See also

* Sexual grooming on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾumin/ [ˈɡɾu.mĩn]
* Rhymes: -umin
* Syllabification: groo‧ming

### Noun

grooming m (uncountable)
* grooming

### Further reading

* “grooming”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# cá mực
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

cá (“fish”) +‎ mực (“ink”), semantically paralleling English inkfish (“cuttlefish, squid, or octopus”) and Chinese 墨魚 (“cuttlefish”, literally “inkfish”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kaː˧˦ mɨk̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [kaː˨˩˦ mɨk̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kaː˦˥ mɨk̚˨˩˨]

### Noun

(classifier con) cá mực
* inkfish (a cephalopod of the Coleoidea subclass, which comprises octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish)
# īgi
## Latvian
### Verb

īgi
* second-person singular past indicative of īgt
# -ígí
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* -aígí (broad version)

### Etymology

From -igh +‎ -igí.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iːɟiː/

### Suffix

-ígí
* second-person plural ending of second conjugation verbs in the imperative mood