# 唅

| 唅 | U+5505, &#21765; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5505 |
| ← 唄 [U+5504] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 唆 → [U+5506] |

## Translingual
### Han character

唅 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈口 (ROIR) or 難口人戈口 (XROIR), four-corner 6806$_2$, composition ⿰口含)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 191, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3695
* Dae Jaweon: page 411, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 632, character 4
* Unihan data for U+5505

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hān, hán, hàn (han$^1$, han$^2$, han$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ, ㄏㄢˊ, ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^4$ / ham$^6$ / ham$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ām
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hān
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: han
*** Wade–Giles: han$^1$
*** Yale: hān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hán
*** Wade–Giles: han$^2$
*** Yale: hán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^4$ / ham$^6$ / ham$^3$
*** Yale: hàhm / hahm / ham
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^4$ / ham$^6$ / ham$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^4$ / hem$^6$ / hem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm²¹/, /hɐm²²/, /hɐm³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ām
*** Tâi-lô: ām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: am
*** IPA (Xiamen): /am²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /am⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /am²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /am³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /am³³/
* Middle Chinese: xom, homH
Rime :
| Character | 唅 | 唅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 火含切 | 胡紺切 |
| Baxter | xom | homH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hʌm/ | /ɦʌm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /həm/ | /ɦəm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɒm/ | /ɣɒm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həm/ | /ɦəm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xᴀm/ | /ɣᴀm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɒm/ | /ɣɒm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xăm/ | /ɣăm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hān | hàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^1$ | ham$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-m-kˤ[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯːm/, /*ɡɯːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 唅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hom › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə-m-kˁ[ə]m/ |
| English | hold in the mouth |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 唅 | 唅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6559 | 6571 |
| Phonetic component | 今 | 今 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㟏 | 憾 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰɯːm/ | /*ɡɯːms/ |
| Notes | 見漢書 | 見漢書 |

#### Definitions

唅
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a piece of jade or gemstone put into the mouth of a dead body at funeral
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 含

#### References

* 唅 in ZDIC

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Possibly a contraction of 哈啊 (hâⁿ--ah) as recorded in Douglas (1873) and Ogawa (1932) as in a univerbation of 哈 (hâⁿ) +‎ 啊 (--ah)? Also related to Hokkien 哄 (háⁿ) in Douglas (1873)? See also Tagalog ha, Malaysian and Singaporean English har / ah, Indonesian ha, Dutch hè, English huh, Japanese ええ (ē), へえ (hē), and ああ (ā).”

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): --hahⁿ / --haⁿ / hahⁿ / hàⁿ / hà
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --hahⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: --hannh
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --haⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: --hann
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hahⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: hannh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hvaq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hãʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: hànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hvax
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hã²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hã¹¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hà
*** Tâi-lô: hà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hax
*** IPA (Taipei): /ha¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²¹/

#### Interjection

唅
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to indicate confusion or pondering when the speaker did not hear or comprehend clearly: huh; hmm; what; pardon?; what did (they/you/he/she) say?
       Hahⁿ? Lí kóng siáⁿ-mi̍h? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Huh? What did you say?
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express doubt or disbelief: huh?; hmm?; what?; oh?; what do you mean?
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express subtle surprise or amusement/astonishment: huh!; oh!; what!
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express consent or agreement or approval: huh ok; oh alright; yeah; sure; ah yes

##### Usage notes

* When the vowel phoneme is pronounced lengthily, it usually means that the speaker is expressing either their displeasure, surprise, disregard, level of difficulty in hearing, or unwillingness to listen.

##### Synonyms

* 哈 (hâⁿ)
* 啊 (a / ah / --a / --ah)
* 蛤 (há)

##### Descendants

* →? Taiwanese Mandarin: 蛤 (há)

#### References

* “唅”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* Embree, Bernard L.M. (1973) “hâⁿ”, in A Dictionary of Southern Min (overall work in Hokkien, English, and Mandarin), Hong Kong: Hong Kong Language Institute, page 76.
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “唯”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 510
* William Campbell (1913) “hâⁿ”, in A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 156.
* Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “hâⁿ”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 115; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 115

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* sound
* to put in the mouth

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、こん (kon)、ごん (gon)
* Kun: ふくむ (fukumu, 唅む)

## Korean
### Hanja

唅 • (ham) (hangeul 함)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

唅: Hán Nôm readings: hầm, gầm, hằm, hàm, hợm, ngậm, hăm, hụm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.