# خار
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

خَارَ • (ḵāra) I (non-past يَخُورُ (yaḵūru), verbal noun خُوَار (ḵuwār))
* to moo, to low (of cattle)

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

خَارَ • (ḵāra) I (non-past يَخُورُ (yaḵūru), verbal noun خَوَر (ḵawar))
* to decrease in strength, to become weak, to languish (of a person)
* to dwindle, to flag (of one's strength)

##### Alternative forms

* خَوِرَ (ḵawira)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

خَارَ • (ḵāra) I (non-past يَخِيرُ (yaḵīru), verbal noun خَيْر (ḵayr) or خِيرَة (ḵīra) or خِيَرَة (ḵiyara))
* (transitive) to select, to choose
* (transitive) to prefer [with accusative ‘someone/something’ and عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘to someone/something else’]

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

خَارَ • (ḵāra) I (non-past يَخِيرُ (yaḵīru), verbal noun خَيْر (ḵayr) or خَيَارَة (ḵayāra))
* to become wealthy
* (transitive) to outdo (someone)
* to make good [with فِي (fī) ‘an issue’ and لِ (li) ‘for someone’] (especially of God)

##### Conjugation
## Mazanderani
### Adjective

خار (xâr)
* well
    ته خار هستی؟ ― te xâr hasti? ― Are you well?

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian thorn (hʾl /⁠xār⁠/), related to Sanskrit खर (khara, “sharp, rough, harsh”)). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian xʾr (xār).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɑːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xɔːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xɒːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χɔɾ]

### Noun

خار • (xâr) (plural خارها (xâr-hâ))
* thorn
** c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎:ز خاشاک وز خار و شاخ درخت یکی آتشی برفروزید سختzi xāšāk w-az xār u šāx-i diraxt yakē ātašē barfurōzīd saxtWith straws, thorns, and tree branches, He quickly lit up a fire.(Classical Persian romanization)

#### Derived terms

* خارشُتُر (xâr-e šotor)

#### Descendants

* → Urdu: خار (xār)

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 94
* ↑ “artichoke”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

## Urdu
### Etymology

From Classical Persian خار (xār, “thorn”), from Middle Persian hʾl (xār, “thorn”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xɑːɾ/

### Noun

خار • (xār) ? (Hindi spelling ख़ार)
* thorn, prickle

#### Derived terms

* بے خار (bexār, “fearless, young, without thorns”)
* خار بَسْت (xār-bast, “bound by thorn”)
* خار بَنْد (xār-band, “barbed-wire fence”)
* خار خُشْک (xār-e-xusk, “dry thorn”)
* خار دار تار (xār-dār-tār, “barbed wire”)
* خار دینا (xār dēnā, “to hurt”)
* خار راہ (xār-e-rāh, “obstacle, thorn in the path”)
* خار و خَس (xār-o-xas, “trash, rubbish, sweepings”)
* خارا تَراشی (xara-tarāšī, “the work of stone carving”)
* خارا شِکَنی (xārā-šikānī, “breaking thorn, hard work”)
* خارا شِگاف (xārā-šigāf, “stone-spliting, very sharp”)
* خاردار (xārdār, “thorny, prickly, bearded, troublesome, arduous”)
* خارزار (xārzār, “place of thorns or thistles”)
* خارَک (xārak, “little thorn, dried or unripe dates”)
* خارِ تَرازُو (xār-e-tarāzū, “the hook of a weighting scale”)
* خارِ شُتُر (xār-e-sutur, “Echimops Echinatu”)
* خارِ عَقْرَب (xār-e-'aqrab, “scorpion sting”)
* خارِ ماہی (xār-e-mahī, “fish hook”)
* خارِ مُغِیلاں (xār-e-mugīlañ, “acacia thorn”)
* خارِ پُشْت (xār-e-pust, “a type of Indo-Persian weapon, hedgehog, porcupine, jackfruit”)
* خارِسْتان (xāristān, “field of thorns”)
* خارِش (xāris, “itch”)
* نوک خار (nōk-e-xār, “tip of the thorn, spearhead of the thorn”)
* وادیٔ پُر خار (vādī-e-por-xār, “valley of dangers, the path of hardship”)
* گُلِ بے خار (gul-e-bexār, “thornless rose, a harmless thing”)