# delirium
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēlīrium (“derangement, madness”).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: dĭlĭʹrēəm
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɪˈlɪ.ɹi.əm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /dɪˈlɪɹ.i.əm/
* Rhymes: -ɪəɹiəm

### Noun

delirium (countable and uncountable, plural deliriums or deliria)
* (medicine) A temporary mental state with a sudden onset, usually reversible, including symptoms of confusion, inability to concentrate, disorientation, anxiety, and sometimes hallucinations. Causes can include dehydration, drug intoxication, and severe infection.
** 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:The popular delirium [of the French Revolution] at first caught his enthusiastic mind.
** 1826, [Mary Shelley], The Last Man. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:Better to decay in absolute delirium, than to be the victim of the methodical unreason of ill-bestowed love.
** 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Return to Courtenaye Hall”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 149:The evening wore away, and the long grass was silvery with dew; the consequence was what might have been expected,—next day, he was laid up with a violent cold; and the fever soon ran so high, that delirium came on; and before three days were past, his life hung upon a thread.
** 1879, John Morley, Burke:the delirium of the preceding session (of Parliament)
* Wild, frenzied excitement or ecstasy.

#### Derived terms

* agitated delirium
* deliriogen
* excited delirium
* nocturnal delirium

#### Related terms

* deliracy
* delirament
* delirancy
* delirant
* delirate
* delirating
* deliration
* delire
* delirement
* deliriant
* deliriate
* delirifacient
* deliring
* delirious
* deliriously
* deliriousness
* delirium tremens
* delirous
* delirousness
* deliry

#### Translations
### References

* “delirium”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “delirium”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Danish
### Noun

delirium n (singular definite deliriet, plural indefinite delirier)
* delirium

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “delirium” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēlīrium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deːˈliː.ri.ʏm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: de‧li‧ri‧um

### Noun

delirium n (plural deliria or deliriums, diminutive deliriumpje n)
* delirium

#### Synonyms

* delier

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: delirium

## Finnish
### Etymology

< Latin dēlīrium

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdeli(ː)rium/, [ˈde̞li(ː)ˌrium]
* Rhymes: -ium
* Hyphenation: de‧li‧ri‧um

### Noun

delirium
* (medicine) delirium (temporary mental state of confusion, disorientation and anxiety)
    Synonyms: sekavuus, houretila

#### Usage notes

* This term is chiefly used by the medical profession.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of delirium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
deliriumini
deliriumini
accusative
nom.
deliriumini
deliriumini
gen.
deliriumini
genitive
deliriumini
deliriumieni
partitive
deliriumiani
deliriumejani
inessive
deliriumissani
deliriumeissani
elative
deliriumistani
deliriumeistani
illative
deliriumiini
deliriumeihini
adessive
deliriumillani
deliriumeillani
ablative
deliriumiltani
deliriumeiltani
allative
deliriumilleni
deliriumeilleni
essive
deliriuminani
deliriumeinani
translative
deliriumikseni
deliriumeikseni
abessive
deliriumittani
deliriumeittani
instructive
comitative
—deliriumeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
deliriumisi
deliriumisi
accusative
nom.
deliriumisi
deliriumisi
gen.
deliriumisi
genitive
deliriumisi
deliriumiesi
partitive
deliriumiasi
deliriumejasi
inessive
deliriumissasi
deliriumeissasi
elative
deliriumistasi
deliriumeistasi
illative
deliriumiisi
deliriumeihisi
adessive
deliriumillasi
deliriumeillasi
ablative
deliriumiltasi
deliriumeiltasi
allative
deliriumillesi
deliriumeillesi
essive
deliriuminasi
deliriumeinasi
translative
deliriumiksesi
deliriumeiksesi
abessive
deliriumittasi
deliriumeittasi
instructive
comitative
—deliriumeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
deliriumimme
deliriumimme
accusative
nom.
deliriumimme
deliriumimme
gen.
deliriumimme
genitive
deliriumimme
deliriumiemme
partitive
deliriumiamme
deliriumejamme
inessive
deliriumissamme
deliriumeissamme
elative
deliriumistamme
deliriumeistamme
illative
deliriumiimme
deliriumeihimme
adessive
deliriumillamme
deliriumeillamme
ablative
deliriumiltamme
deliriumeiltamme
allative
deliriumillemme
deliriumeillemme
essive
deliriuminamme
deliriumeinamme
translative
deliriumiksemme
deliriumeiksemme
abessive
deliriumittamme
deliriumeittamme
instructive
comitative
—deliriumeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
deliriuminne
deliriuminne
accusative
nom.
deliriuminne
deliriuminne
gen.
deliriuminne
genitive
deliriuminne
deliriumienne
partitive
deliriumianne
deliriumejanne
inessive
deliriumissanne
deliriumeissanne
elative
deliriumistanne
deliriumeistanne
illative
deliriumiinne
deliriumeihinne
adessive
deliriumillanne
deliriumeillanne
ablative
deliriumiltanne
deliriumeiltanne
allative
deliriumillenne
deliriumeillenne
essive
deliriuminanne
deliriumeinanne
translative
deliriumiksenne
deliriumeiksenne
abessive
deliriumittanne
deliriumeittanne
instructive
comitative
—deliriumeinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
deliriuminsa
deliriuminsa
accusative
nom.
deliriuminsa
deliriuminsa
gen.
deliriuminsa
genitive
deliriuminsa
deliriumiensa
partitive
deliriumiaan deliriumiansa
deliriumejaan deliriumejansa
inessive
deliriumissaan deliriumissansa
deliriumeissaan deliriumeissansa
elative
deliriumistaan deliriumistansa
deliriumeistaan deliriumeistansa
illative
deliriumiinsa
deliriumeihinsa
adessive
deliriumillaan deliriumillansa
deliriumeillaan deliriumeillansa
ablative
deliriumiltaan deliriumiltansa
deliriumeiltaan deliriumeiltansa
allative
deliriumilleen deliriumillensa
deliriumeilleen deliriumeillensa
essive
deliriuminaan deliriuminansa
deliriumeinaan deliriumeinansa
translative
deliriumikseen deliriumiksensa
deliriumeikseen deliriumeiksensa
abessive
deliriumittaan deliriumittansa
deliriumeittaan deliriumeittansa
instructive
comitative
—deliriumeineen deliriumeinensa :

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch delirium, from Latin dēlīrium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de.li.ˈri.ʊm/
* Rhymes: -ʊm
* Hyphenation: de‧li‧ri‧um

### Noun

delirium (uncountable)
* (psychiatry) delirium

#### Derived terms

* delirium emosional
* delirium tremens

### Further reading

* “delirium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From dēlīrō (“to deviate from a straight track; to be crazy or deranged”) +‎ -ium (nominal suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /deːˈliː.ri.um/, [d̪eːˈlʲiːriʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /deˈli.ri.um/, [d̪eˈliːrium]

### Noun

dēlīrium n (genitive dēlīriī or dēlīrī); second declension
* (medicine) Delirium, madness, frenzy.
    Synonyms: dēlīrātiō, dēlīritās
** c. 47 C.E., Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 2.7.28:[…] aut quī febre aequē nōn quiēscente simul et dēlīrio et spīrandī difficultāte vexātur […] […] or when, likewise without the fever subsiding, he is distressed at once by delirium and difficulty in breathing […]

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Related terms

* dēlīrāmentum
* dēlīrātiō
* dēlīritās
* dēlīrō
* dēlīrus

#### Descendants

* >? Asturian: deleres
* Catalan: deler, → deliri
* → Asturian: deliriu
* → Bulgarian: дели́р (delír)
* → Catalan: deliri
* → Czech: delirium
* → Danish: delirium
* → Dutch: delier, delirium
* → English: delirium
* → Esperanto: deliro
* → Estonian: deliirium
* → Finnish: delirium
* → French: délire, delirium
** → Romanian: delir
* → German: Delirium
* → Hungarian: delírium
* → Ido: deliro
* → Interlingua: delirio
* → Italian: delirio
* → Northern Kurdish: delîriyûm
* → Norwegian: delirium, dille
* → Polish: delirium
* → Portuguese: delírio
* → Russian: дели́рий (delírij)
* → Serbo-Croatian: делиријум
* → Slovak: delírium
* → Spanish: delirio, delírium
* → Swedish: delirium
* → Turkish: deliriyum

### References

* “delirium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin dēlīrium.

### Noun

delirium n (definite singular deliriet, indefinite plural delirier, definite plural deliria or deliriene)
* a delirium

### References

* “delirium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin dēlīrium.

### Noun

delirium n (definite singular deliriet, indefinite plural delirium, definite plural deliria)
* a delirium

### References

* “delirium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin dēlīrium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛˈli.rjum/
* Rhymes: -irjum
* Syllabification: de‧li‧rium

### Noun

delirium n
* (pathology) delirium (mental state of confusion)
    Synonym: majaczenie

#### Derived terms

* deliryczny
* delirka
* deliryk
* delirować

#### Related terms

* delirium tremens

### Further reading

* delirium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* delirium in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēlīrium.

### Noun

delirium n
* delirium
    Synonym: (colloquial) dille