# 化成
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huàchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^4$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: hwà-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
*** Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

#### Verb

化成
* to transform; to turn into

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huàchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^4$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: hwà-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
*** Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xwaeH dzyeng
Rime :
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 呼霸切 | 是征切 |
| Baxter | xwaeH | dzyeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠua$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷᵚa$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xua$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwaɨ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xua$^H$/ | /ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xwa$^H$/ | /ʑĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xwa$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huà | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faa$^3$ | sing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s m-[d]eŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷraːls djeŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huà | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwæ$^H$ › | ‹ dzyeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/ | /*m-[d]eŋ/ |
| English | transform | to complete (tr. v) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5327 | 1417 |
| Phonetic component | 化 | 成 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 化 | 成 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋʷraːls/ | /*djeŋ/ |
| Notes | | 說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成 |

#### Verb

化成
* (Classical) to civilize successfully
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Shèngrén jiǔ yú qí dào, ér tiānxià huàchéng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huàchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^4$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: hwà-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
*** Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xwaeH dzyeng
Rime :
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 呼霸切 | 是征切 |
| Baxter | xwaeH | dzyeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠua$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷᵚa$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xua$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwaɨ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xua$^H$/ | /ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xwa$^H$/ | /ʑĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xwa$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huà | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faa$^3$ | sing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s m-[d]eŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷraːls djeŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huà | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwæ$^H$ › | ‹ dzyeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/ | /*m-[d]eŋ/ |
| English | transform | to complete (tr. v) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5327 | 1417 |
| Phonetic component | 化 | 成 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 化 | 成 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋʷraːls/ | /*djeŋ/ |
| Notes | | 說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成 |

#### Proper noun

化成
* (～郡) Former name of Myonggan, a county of North Hamgyong Province, North Korea

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 化 | 成 |
| か Grade: 3 | せい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 化 (ka, “change into”) + 成 (sei, “form”).

### Noun

化(か)成(せい) • (kasei)
* chemical synthesis, transformation

#### Derived terms

* 化成工業 (kasei kōgyō): chemical industry
* 化成肥料 (kasei hiryō): chemical fertilizer

### Verb

化(か)成(せい)する • (kasei suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 化(か)成(せい)し (kasei shi), past 化(か)成(せい)した (kasei shita))
* chemically transform