OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# roya
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈroja/ [ˈro.ja]
* Rhymes: -oja
* Syllabification: ro‧ya

### Noun

roya (plural roya-roya)
* (business, law) discharge of mortgage, hypothec cancellation: removing a legal mortgage or hypothec from a property.

#### Derived terms

* diroya
* meroya

### Further reading

* “roya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroʝa/ [ˈro.ʝa]
* IPA: (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈroʝa/ [ˈro.ʝa]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈroʃa/ [ˈro.ʃa]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈroʒa/ [ˈro.ʒa]
* Rhymes: -oʝa
* Syllabification: ro‧ya

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aragonese roya, feminine of royo, from Latin rubeus. Doublet of rubio.

#### Noun

roya f (uncountable)
* Plant rust or blight

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

roya
* inflection of roer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “royo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* rayo
# բազմազանություն
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* բազմազանութիւն (bazmazanutʻiwn) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian բազմազանութիւն (bazmazanutʻiwn). Equivalent to բազմազան (bazmazan) +‎ -ություն (-utʻyun).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /bɑzmɑzɑnuˈtʰjun/, [bɑzmɑzɑnut͡sʰjún]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /pɑzmɑzɑnuˈtʏn/, [pʰɑzmɑzɑnutʰʏ́n]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

բազմազանություն • (bazmazanutʻyun)
* variety, diversity

#### Declension

*colloquial **dated

#### Derived terms

* կենսաբազմազանություն (kensabazmazanutʻyun)
# stypendystką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɘ.pɛnˈdɘst.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɘstkɔw̃
* Syllabification: sty‧pen‧dyst‧ką

### Noun

stypendystką
* instrumental singular of stypendystka
# wnętrze
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* wnątrze, wnętrz (Lasovia)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n) *ǫtri.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvnɛn.tʂɛ/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈvnɛn.tʂɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛntʂɛ
* Syllabification: wnę‧trze

### Noun

wnętrze n
* inside
* interior (of a home)
    Antonym: zewnętrze
* (Kuyavia) Synonym of żołądek (“stomach”)
    Boli me na wnętrze. ― My stomach hurts.

#### Derived terms

* wnętrzarski
* wnętrzarstwo
* wnętrzarz
* wnętrzniak
* wnętrznik
* wywnętrzać impf, wywnętrzyć pf

#### Related terms

* wewnętrzny
* wewnątrz
* wnętrzności

### Further reading

* wnętrze in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wnętrze in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “wnętrze”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 278
# algarada
## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /alɡaˈɾada/ [al.ɣ̞aˈɾa.ð̞a]
* Rhymes: -ada
* Syllabification: al‧ga‧ra‧da

### Noun

algarada f (plural algaradas)
* disturbance, hoopla
** 2015 September 27, “¡Prohíban los toros!”, in El País‎:Todos estos españoles no son noticia, no protagonizan algaradas, ni se pintan el pecho con pintura roja, ni portan pancartas en las puertas de las plazas, ni mandan cartas a los periódicos, ni insultan a los que no van a los toros, pero están ahí, disfrutan con su afición y tienen derecho a ser respetados.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* “algarada”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# кире
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *kerü (“back”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰃𐰼𐰇 (kerü, “back, backward”); Kazakh кері (kerı), Kyrgyz кери (keri), Turkish geri (“back, backward”), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲe.ˈɾɪ̞]
* Hyphenation: ки‧ре

### Adjective

кире • (kire)
* (direction) back, reverse, return
* opposite, contrary
* negative
* obstinate, stubborn, contrarious

### Adverb

кире • (kire)
* (direction) back, backward, in the reverse direction
* (past status) back, to/toward a status or position which occurred in the past

#### Derived terms

* киреһенсә (kirehensə)

### References
## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kerä (“bunch, bundle, spool”). Cognate to Finnish kerä, Estonian kera, Livonian kierā.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

кире • (kire)
* ball of string
* lump
    Кирьга парентень куйсь чапамо кире.Kiŕga parenteń kujś čapamo kire .I got the lump in the throat feeling.

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “кире”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #285 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

## Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *gErü (“back”).

### Adverb

кире • (kire)
* back
# llwybr
## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sleikʷro- (compare Old Irish slicht, from *slixtus from the same root), from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ-.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ɬʊɨ̯br/, [ˈɬʊɨ̯br̩]
* (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /ɬʊi̯br/, [ˈɬʊi̯br̩]
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈɬʊi̯bɪr/
* Rhymes: -ʊɨ̯br

### Noun

llwybr m (plural llwybrau or llwybrwydd or llwybrydd)
* path

#### Derived terms

* (literary) cylchlwybr (“orbit”)
* llwybr halio (“towpath”)
* Llwybr Llaethog (“Milky Way”)
* llwybr tarw (“shortcut”)
* llwybro (“walk, wend”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llwybr”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 89 i
# 唐松
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 唐 | 松 |
| から Grade: S | まつ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 唐松 – see the following entry. :
| 【落葉松からまつ】 | [noun] Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi Alternative spelling カラマツ |
(This term, 唐松, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# միավորություն
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* միավորութիւն (miavorutʻiwn) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian միավորութիւն (miavorutʻiwn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /mijɑvoɾuˈtʰjun/, [mijɑvoɾut͡sʰjún]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /mijɑvoɾuˈtʏn/, [mijɑvoɾutʰʏ́n]

### Noun

միավորություն • (miavorutʻyun) (dated)
* union
    Synonym: միություն (miutʻyun)

#### Declension

*colloquial **dated
# perhappenstance
## English
### Etymology

Compound of per +‎ happenstance.

### Adverb

perhappenstance (not comparable)
* (nonstandard, humorous, rare) Perhaps.
** 1976 Spring, George W. Smyth, “Bending Hell”, in South Dakota Review, volume 14, number 1, Vermillion, S.D.: University of South Dakota, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 90:"Shove it," Sam concluded, and then went out, but came in soon, from the numbing cold of the Iranian plain, where he had been assistant-in-the-way in a half-cracked but hell-bent search for the elusive and abominable, so-called, snowman, or a facsimile reasonably thereof, perhappenstance, sponsored by a genial Texas oilman who was bored with searching just underground, and wanted to get into something deeper, or higher, depending upon the depletion of his resources, his mind among them.
** 2001 February 23, JnyVee., “Eminem Bites”, in rec.audio.pro‎ (Usenet):and just perhappenstance why shouldn;t YOU 'get over it' and stop supporting plagarism?
** 2003 December 13, Coin Saver, “F/A barber quarter”, in rec.collecting.coins‎ (Usenet):Or perhappenstance, the Three Stooges?
** 2004, Bernard M. Patten, The Blood of a Million Christs, Bookman, →ISBN, page 126:Morgan probably ran away at age fourteen to live adrift in the cities, perhappenstance to dine exclusively on Twinkies, a recreational breakfast food known to the state of California to induce criminal behaviors.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:perhappenstance.

#### Related terms

* mayhaps
* perhappen
# 報導
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bàodǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^3$ dou$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): po-thô / po-tó
    (Hailu, HRS): bo$^ˇ$ to$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor$^4$ dor$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pò-tō / pò-tō͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàodǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàodǎo
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$-tao$^3$
*** Yale: bàu-dǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawdao
*** Palladius: баодао (baodao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Yale: bou douh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³³ tou̯²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$佈道 / 布道 報導 / 报导 報道 / 报道
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: po-thô / po-tó
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo to$^ˊ$ / bo do$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^4$ to$^1$ / bo$^4$ do$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /po⁵⁵ tʰo²⁴/, /po⁵⁵ to³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˇ$ to$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /po¹¹ tʰo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bor$^4$ dor$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bo̤̍-dō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒ⁴² tɒ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò-tō
*** Tâi-lô: pò-tō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poirdoi
*** IPA (Taipei): /po¹¹⁻⁵³ to³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ tɤ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /po²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò-tō͘
*** Tâi-lô: pò-tōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poirdo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

### Verb

報導
* to report (news)

#### Synonyms

* 報道／报道 (bàodào)

### Noun

報導
* news report; story; coverage; press (Classifier: 篇 m c; 則／则 m c)

#### Usage notes

See 報道 / 报道 (bàodào).

#### Synonyms

* 報道／报道 (bàodào)
* 通訊／通讯 (tōngxùn)
* 新聞／新闻 (xīnwén)
# värderare
## Swedish
### Etymology

From värdera (“evaluate”) +‎ -are (“-er”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛːrˈdeːrare/
* Audio (Småland):(file)

### Noun

värderare c
* valuer, evaluator

#### Declension
### References

* värderare in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* värderare in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# Aromobatidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Aromobates +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Aromobatidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Anura.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Amphibia – class; Lissamphibia – subclass; Anura – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Allobatinae, Anomaloglossinae, Aromobatinae – subfamilies
** Allobates, Anomaloglossus, Aromobates, Mannophryne, Rheobates – genera

### References

* Aromobatidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Aromobatidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Aromobatidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# coşmak
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish جوشمق (cōşmak, “to boil up, overflow, become lively”), earliest attestation is from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (cōş, “boil”), ultimately from Proto-Common Turkic *čōš-. Either from Persian جوش (juš, “boil, simmer”) or directly from جوشیدن (jušidan, “to heat, boil”), however direct verb borrowings in Turkish historically has not been preferred. Cognate with Azerbaijani coşmaq, Turkmen jōşmak, Uzbek joshmoq, Uyghur [script needed] (cuşqunlimaq), maybe also Kyrgyz чочуу (cocuu), Southern Altai чочыыр (čočïïr), Kazakh шошу (şoşu, “to be frightened”), etc.

### Verb

coşmak (third-person singular simple present coşar)
* (intransitive) to get excited, enthusiastic, become exuberant, become ebullient
* (intransitive) to become turbulent; to become violent

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Synonyms

* kaynamak
* taşmak

#### Derived terms

* coşku
* coşkun
* Coşkun

#### Related terms

* coşma
* coşuş
* coşuşmak
* coşulmak
* coşturmak

### Further reading

* Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎ (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 71
# lazima
## Swahili
### Etymology

From Arabic لَازِم (lāzim).

### Pronunciation

* (prescribed, Arabic) IPA: /ˈlɑ.zi.mɑ/
* (colloquial) IPA: /lɑˈzi.mɑ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

lazima class IX (plural lazima class X)
* necessity, must, obligation
    Synonym: sharti
    Lazima ufanye kazi.You must work.(literally, “[It is] a necessity that you work.”)
** 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:Kwa hivyo, ni lazima mimi nione uchungu kuona mali yangu yanachezewa tu, […]As such, I can't but feel pained to see my money used for playing, […](literally, “Therefore, it is a necessity that I feel pain […]”)

#### Related terms

* -lazimu (“to need to”)

### Further reading

* Bernander, Rasmus (2024) “Lazima in Swahili and Beyond: Accounting for the Double Transfer of a Strong Necessity Marker in East Africa”, in Swahili Forum‎, volume 31, →ISSN, pages 104-141
# կայունություն
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* կայունութիւն (kayunutʻiwn) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian կայունութիւն (kayunutʻiwn). Equivalent to կայուն (kayun) +‎ -ություն (-utʻyun).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kɑjunuˈtʰjun/, [kɑjunut͡sʰjún]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑjunuˈtʏn/, [ɡɑʏnutʰʏ́n]

### Noun

կայունություն • (kayunutʻyun)
* stability

#### Declension

*colloquial **dated
# pogaduchą
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.ɡaˈdu.xɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -uxɔw̃
* Syllabification: po‧ga‧du‧chą

### Noun

pogaduchą
* instrumental singular of pogaducha
# 下雨天
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàyǔtiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haa$^6$ jyu$^5$ tin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàyǔtiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàyǔtian
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$-yü$^3$-tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: syà-yǔ-tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahyeutian
*** Palladius: сяюйтянь (sjajujtjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^6$ jyu$^5$ tin$^1$
*** Yale: hah yúh tīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^6$ jy$^5$ tin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^6$ yu$^5$ tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²² jyː¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

### Noun

下雨天
* rainy day
# wnętrz
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvnɛntʂ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈvnɛntʂ/
* Rhymes: -ɛntʂ
* Syllabification: wnętrz

### Etymology 1

See wnętrze.

#### Noun

wnętrz m inan
* (Lasovia) Alternative form of wnętrze (“stomach; insides”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

wnętrz n
* genitive plural of wnętrze

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “wnętrz”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 266
# 𐰽𐰲
## Old Turkic
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *s(i)ač (“hair”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫӳҫ (śüś), Khalaj saç, Turkish saç (“hair”), Uzbek soch, Bashkir сәс (səs), Yakut ас (as).

#### Noun

𐰽𐰲 (sač)
* (anatomy) hair (on head)
** 8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S12
    𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰽𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰴𐰴𐰃𐰤:𐰖----:𐰉𐰃𐰲𐰑𐰃bunča:bodun:sačïn:qulqaqïn:ya...:bïčdïThis many peoples cut out their hairs and tore their ears.

#### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “sač”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 366
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “saç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 794
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*s(i)ač”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *sạč- (“to scatter”). Cognate with Turkish saçmak (“to scatter”), Uzbek sochmoq, Bashkir сәсеү (səsew), Yakut ыс (ıs). Compare also Mongolian цацах (cacax), Manchu ᠰᡳᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (sisambi).

#### Verb

𐰽𐰲 (sač-)
* (transitive) to scatter, sprinkle
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 20
    𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰽𐰲𐰺:𐰢𐰤ürüŋ:köpükümin:sačar:menI scatter my white froth.

#### References

* Tekin, Talât (1993) “s(a)ç-”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 67
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “saç-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 794
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sạč-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# biwir
## Sundanese

Sundanese register set :
| lemes | lambey, lambé |
| lemes ka sorangan | {{{les}}} |
| lemes ka batur | {{{leb}}} |
| loma | biwir |
| cohag | {{{co}}} |

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bibiʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *biʀbiʀ.

### Noun

biwir (Sundanese script ᮘᮤᮝᮤᮁ)
* (anatomy) lip

#### Derived terms

* abong biwir teu diwengku
* ateul biwir
* biwir awéwéeun
* biwir nyiru rombéngeun
* biwir sambung lémék, suku sambung léngkah
* hawara biwir
* ipis biwir

### Further reading

* Maman Sumantri, et al. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia
* Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
# 払戻
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 払 | 戻 |
| はら(い) Grade: S | もど(し) Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 拂戾 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 払戻 – see the following entry. :
| 【払はらい戻もどし】 | [noun] refund Alternative spelling 払戻し |
(This term, 払戻, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# ռամիկ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ռամիկ (ṙamik).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /rɑˈmik/, [rɑmík]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɾɑˈmiɡ/, [ɾɑmíɡ]

### Noun

ռամիկ • (ṙamik)
* commoner, pleb
* (collective, definite) the common people, the populace, the vulgar, plebs
* (collective) a crowd of people
    Synonyms: ամբոխ (ambox), ժողովուրդ (žoġovurd), բազմություն (bazmutʻyun)

#### Declension
### Adjective

ռամիկ • (ṙamik)
* vulgar, low, plebeian, popular, common
    Synonyms: գռեհիկ (gṙehik), սինլքոր (sinlkʻor)

### Derived terms

* ռամկաբան (ṙamkaban)
* ռամկաբանական (ṙamkabanakan)
* ռամկաբանություն (ṙamkabanutʻyun)
* ռամկաբար (ṙamkabar)
* ռամկաբարո (ṙamkabaro)
* ռամկախոս (ṙamkaxos)
* ռամկախոսություն (ṙamkaxosutʻyun)
* ռամկածինռամկային (ṙamkacinṙamkayin)
* ռամկանալ (ṙamkanal)
* ռամկանվեր (ṙamkanver)
* ռամկասեր (ṙamkaser)
* ռամկասիրություն (ṙamkasirutʻyun)
* ռամկացնել (ṙamkacʻnel)
* ռամկացվել (ṙamkacʻvel)
* ռամկացում (ṙamkacʻum)
* ռամկերեն (ṙamkeren)
* ռամկորեն (ṙamkoren)
* ռամկուհի (ṙamkuhi)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian *ramīk, suffixed from the etymon of ռամ (ṙam), երամ (eram).

### Noun

ռամիկ • (ṙamik)
* (collective) the common people, the populace, the vulgar, plebs

#### Declension
### Adjective

ռամիկ • (ṙamik)
* vulgar, low, plebeian, popular, common

### Derived terms

* անռամիկ (anṙamik)
* ռամիկսպաս (ṙamikspas)
* ռամկական (ṙamkakan)
* ռամկապետ (ṙamkapet)
* ռամկապէս (ṙamkapēs)
* ռամկավար (ṙamkavar)
* ռամկութիւն (ṙamkutʻiwn)

### Related terms

* ռամ (ṙam)
* երամ (eram)

### Descendants

* Armenian: ռամիկ (ṙamik)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ռամիկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ռամիկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 233
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ռամիկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# 檔案
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàng'àn, dǎng'àn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄤˋ ㄢˋ, ㄉㄤˇ ㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dong$^2$ on$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tóng-on
    (Hailu, HRS): dong$^ˊ$ on$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng$^4$ ang$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tòng-àn / tóng-àn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^3$ uan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàng'àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˋ ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàng-àn
*** Wade–Giles: tang$^4$-an$^4$
*** Yale: dàng-àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danqann
*** Palladius: данъань (danʺanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎng'àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˇ ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎng-àn
*** Wade–Giles: tang$^3$-an$^4$
*** Yale: dǎng-àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daangann
*** Palladius: данъань (danʺanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dong$^2$ on$^3$
*** Yale: dóng on
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dong$^2$ on$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dong$^2$ on$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːŋ³⁵ ɔːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tóng-on
*** Hakka Romanization System: dong$^ˋ$ on
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dong$^3$ on$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /toŋ³¹ on⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dong$^ˊ$ on$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /toŋ²⁴⁻³³ on¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng$^4$ ang$^4$ [Phonetic: dorng$^1$ ang$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤̍ng-a̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng-àn
*** Tâi-lô: tòng-àn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dorng'axn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ an²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tóng-àn
*** Tâi-lô: tóng-àn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dofng'axn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^3$ uan$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàng uàⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ũã²¹³/

### Noun

檔案
* record; file; archive; dossier
* archives; archive library
* (computing) (computer) file; document (Classifier: 個／个 m)

#### Synonyms

* (record): 案卷 (ànjuàn), 卷宗 (juànzōng)
* (archives) 檔案館／档案馆 (dàng'ànguǎn)
* (computer file): 文檔／文档 (wéndàng), 文件 (wénjiàn)

#### Derived terms

* 檔案傳輸協定 / 档案传输协定
* 檔案夾 / 档案夹
* 檔案室 / 档案室
* 檔案館 / 档案馆 (dàng'ànguǎn)