# know-how
## English
### Alternative forms

* knowhow

### Etymology

Deverbal from know how. American English, 1838.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈnəʊ.haʊ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈnoʊ.haʊ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: (UK) -əʊhaʊ, (US) -oʊhaʊ
* Homophone: nohow

### Noun

know-how (uncountable)
* The knowledge and skill to be able to (do something correctly).
    Synonym: expertise
    Marlo has the know-how to fix your computer.
** 2008 April 20, G. Pascal Zachary, “How Scientific Gains Abroad Pay Off in the U.S.”, in New York Times‎:American innovators — with their world-class strengths in product design, marketing and finance — may have a historic opportunity to convert the scientific know-how from abroad into market gains and profits. Mr. Hill views the transition to “the postscientific society” as an unrecognized bonus for American creators of new products and services.

#### Derived terms

* snow-how

#### Descendants

* → Danish: know-how
* → Dutch: knowhow
* → Finnish: know-how
* → German: Know-how
* → Italian: know-how
* → Japanese: ノウハウ (nōhau)
* → Portuguese: know-how
* → Russian: ноу-хау (nou-xau)
* → Spanish: know-how
* → Swedish: know-how
* → Thai: โนว์ฮาว

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “know-how, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “know-how”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ “know-how”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Further reading

* “know-how”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “know-how”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Finnish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English know-how

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈknou̯hɑu̯/, [ˈkno̞u̯ɦɑ̝u̯]
* Rhymes: -ouhɑu

### Noun

know-how
* know-how

#### Synonyms

* tietotaito
* osaaminen

### Further reading

* “know-how”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English know-how.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noˈaw/, /noˈwaw/, (careful style) /noˈhaw/
* Rhymes: -aw

### Noun

know-how m (invariable)
* know-how

### References

* ↑ know how in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English know-how.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈno(w).ʁaw/ [ˈno(ʊ̯).haʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈno(w).ʁaw/ [ˈno(ʊ̯).haʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈno(w).ʁaw/ [ˈno(ʊ̯).χaʊ̯]

### Noun

know-how m (plural know-hows)
* know-how
    Synonyms: saber-fazer, savoir-faire
** 2006, Daniela Zaitz, Direito & know-how, Jurua Editora, →ISBN, page 31:Outro tipo de conceitualização é aquela dada por François Magnin, que tenta sistematizar as diversas definições de know-how analisando a quais elementos a expressão se aplicaria. O autor conclui que podem ser objeto do know-how quatro tipos de elementos, considerados isoladamente ou em conjunto: a habilidade técnica, a experiência técnica, os conhecimentos técnicos e os processos.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2007, Ram Charan, Know-how: as 8 competências que separam os que fazem dos que não fazem, Elsevier Brasil, →ISBN, page 74:É necessário ter know-how para penetrar no caos organizado que existe na maior parte das empresas e concentrar-se no conjunto de elementos cruciais.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2007, R. Kelly Rainer Jr., Casey G. Cegielski, Introdução a Sistemas de Informação: Apoiando e transformando negócios na era da mobilidade, Elsevier Brasil, →ISBN, page 130:O conhecimento é criado conforme as pessoas determinam novas maneiras de fazer as coisas ou desenvolvem know-how. Algumas vezes, acrescenta-se conhecimento externo.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English know-how.

### Noun

know-how n (uncountable)
* know-how