# 逆行
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nìxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jik$^6$ hang$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gia̍k-hêng / ge̍k-hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêh$^8$ gian$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nìxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nìsíng
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^4$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: nì-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihshyng
*** Palladius: нисин (nisin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^6$ hang$^4$
*** Yale: yihk hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^9$ hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^6$ heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚² hɐŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: gia̍k-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giagheeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: gi̍k-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gegheeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêh$^8$ gian$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke̍h kiâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /keʔ⁴⁻² kĩã⁵⁵/

### Verb

逆行 (intransitve)
* (of vehicles) to go in the wrong direction; to drive against traffic
* (astronomy) to retrograde
* (neologism) to be contrary to the common run
    逆行者 ― nìxíngzhě ― hero in harm's way
       Rújīn zài Déguó shùshí tiáo jiēdào yǐ Georg Elser de míngzì mìngmíng, háiyǒu duō zuò jìniànbēi wèi qí chùlì, yǐ jìniàn zhèwèi gūdú nìxíng de yǒngzhě. [Pinyin]
       Dozens of streets in Germany are named after Georg Elser, multiple monuments standing in his honor, commemorating this solitary warrior who defied the tide.

#### Derived terms

* 逆行者 (nìxíngzhě)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 逆行(ぎゃっこう) (gyakkō)
* → Korean: 역행(逆行) (yeokhaeng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 逆 | 行 |
| ぎゃく > ぎゃっ Grade: 5 | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎゃっこー [gyàkkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡʲa̠k̚ko̞ː]

### Noun

逆(ぎゃっ)行(こう) • (gyakkō)
* going backwards

### Verb

逆(ぎゃっ)行(こう)する • (gyakkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 逆(ぎゃっ)行(こう)し (gyakkō shi), past 逆(ぎゃっ)行(こう)した (gyakkō shita))
* to go back; to regress; to retrograde

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 逆行し | ぎゃっこうし | gyakkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 逆行し | ぎゃっこうし | gyakkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 逆行する | ぎゃっこうする | gyakkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 逆行する | ぎゃっこうする | gyakkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 逆行すれ | ぎゃっこうすれ | gyakkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 逆行せよ¹ 逆行しろ² | ぎゃっこうせよ¹ ぎゃっこうしろ² | gyakkō seyo¹ gyakkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 逆行される | ぎゃっこうされる | gyakkō sareru |
| Causative | 逆行させる 逆行さす | ぎゃっこうさせる ぎゃっこうさす | gyakkō saseru gyakkō sasu |
| Potential | 逆行できる | ぎゃっこうできる | gyakkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 逆行しよう | ぎゃっこうしよう | gyakkō shiyō |
| Negative | 逆行しない | ぎゃっこうしない | gyakkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 逆行せず | ぎゃっこうせず | gyakkō sezu |
| Formal | 逆行します | ぎゃっこうします | gyakkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 逆行した | ぎゃっこうした | gyakkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 逆行して | ぎゃっこうして | gyakkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 逆行すれば | ぎゃっこうすれば | gyakkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 逆 | 行 |

### Noun

逆行 • (yeokhaeng) (hangeul 역행)
* hanja form of 역행