# हृदय
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of हिया (hiyā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, [ɦɾɪ.d̪ɐj]

### Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)
* (anatomy) heart
    रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.The patient's heart is still beating.
    मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.My father has a very weak heart.
    उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया।uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.His speech touched my heart.

#### Synonyms

* दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)

#### Derived terms

* हृदयाघात (hŕdayāghāt, “heart attack”)
* हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
* हृदयग्राही (hŕdayagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
* हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
* विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
* मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Compare Old Marathi हृदा (hṛdā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦɾu.d̪əj/

### Noun

हृदय • (hruday) n
* (anatomy) heart
    Synonym: काळीज (kāḷīj)

#### Derived terms

* हृदय विकाराचा झटका (hruday vikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
* हृदयहीन (hrudayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)

### See also

* धमनी (dhamnī, “artery”)
* नस (nas, “vein”)
* रक्ताभिसरण (raktābhisraṇ, “blood circulation”)
* रक्तदाब (raktadāb, “blood pressure”)
* रक्तपुरवठा (raktapuravṭhā, “blood supply”)
* रक्तपेढी (raktapeḍhī, “blood bank”)
* रक्तपेशी (raktapeśī, “blood cell”)
* रक्तवाहिनी (raktavāhinī, “blood vessel”)
* शीर (śīr, “vein”)

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾid̪ʌe]
* Phonetic Devanagari: रिदए

### Noun

हृदय • (hr̥daya)
* heart

#### See also

* मुटु (muṭu)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* হৃদয় (Assamese script)
* ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (Balinese script)
* হৃদয় (Bengali script)
* 𑰮𑰴𑰟𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀳𑀾𑀤𑀬 (Brahmi script)
* ဟၖဒယ (Burmese script)
* હૃદય (Gujarati script)
* ਹ੍ਰਦਯ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌹𑍃𑌦𑌯 (Grantha script)
* ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (Javanese script)
* 𑂯𑃂𑂠𑂨 (Kaithi script)
* ಹೃದಯ (Kannada script)
* ហ្ឫទយ (Khmer script)
* ຫ຺ຣິທຍ (Lao script)
* ഹൃദയ (Malayalam script)
* ᡥᡵᡳᡩᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘧 (Modi script)
* ᠾᠷᠢᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧎𑧖𑦿𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐴𑐺𑐡𑐫 (Newa script)
* ହୃଦଯ (Odia script)
* ꢲꢺꢣꢫ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆲𑆸𑆢𑆪 (Sharada script)
* 𑖮𑖴𑖟𑖧 (Siddham script)
* හෘදය (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪂𑩙𑩭𑩻 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚩𑚛𑚣 (Takri script)
* ஹ்ரித³ய (Tamil script)
* హృదయ (Telugu script)
* หฺฤทย (Thai script)
* ཧྲྀ་ད་ཡ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒯𑒵𑒠𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨱𑨼𑨉𑨛𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdìs; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦŕ̩.dɐ.jɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/

### Noun

हृदय • (hṛ́daya) stem, n
* (anatomy) the heart
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.53.8:यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे । तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe. táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu.Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.
* soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.9.6:वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् । वि मे॒ मन॑श्चरति दू॒रआ॑धीः॒ किं स्वि॑द्व॒क्ष्यामि॒ किमु॒ नू म॑निष्ये ॥ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát. ví me mánaścarati dūráādhīḥ kíṃ svidvakṣyā́mi kímu nū́ maniṣye.Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens. Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?
* the heart or interior of the body
* (figuratively) the heart, centre, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
** Assamese: হিয়া (hia)
** Bengali: হিয়া (hiẏa)
** Hindi: हिया (hiyā)
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੀਆ (hīā), ਹੀਆਂ (hīā̃)
    Shahmukhi script: ہِیا (hīyā), ہِیاں (hīyāṉ)
** Lahnda:
*** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹਾਂ (hā̃), ਹਾਂਹ (hā̃h)
    Shahmukhi script: ہاں (hāṉ), ہان٘ہہ (hāṉh)
*** Saraiki: ہاں (hāṉ)
** Eastern Indo-Aryan:
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
* Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
* Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
* Pali: hadaya
** → Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
** → Thai: หทัย
* Romani: ilo
* → Old Javanese: hṛdaya
** > Javanese: ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (hredaya), ꦮꦂꦢꦪ (wardaya), ꦢꦪ (daya) (inherited)
** → Balinese: ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (hredaya)
* → Old Javanese: darya, daya
* → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā)
    Shahmukhi script: ہِردا (hirdā)
* → Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)
* → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
* → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)
* → Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy) (learned)
* → Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ) (learned)
* → Hindi: हृदय (hŕday) (learned)
* → Marathi: हृदय (hruday) (learned)

### Adjective

हृदय • (hṛdaya) stem
* going to the heart
** (by extension) inward

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/3.
* “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
* Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818