# arna
## Albanian
### Noun

arna
* inflection of arnë:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite nominative/accusative plural

## Asturian
### Etymology

Probably from a a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from Proto-Celtic *arona (“ring” or “wheel”) due to the cylindrical shape around the trunk of a tree.

### Noun

arna f (plural arnes)
* bark, especially of the oak or chestnut tree
* vessel made of bark
    Les tendelaes nos pueblos facíenles les muyeris en inḷḷiendo les arnes con ḷḷexía .In the villages, the women used to fill bark vessels with lye to hang the laundry.
* bark shavings
    Dái-yos más de xintar a les vueses vaques ca paecin afamiaes comu les arnes l'añu pasáu.Give your cows more to eat because they look as hungry as last year's shavings.

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈar.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈaɾ.na]

### Etymology 1

Probably from Proto-Celtic *arona (“ring” or “wheel”) due to these structures first being built in a cylindrical form from woven wood or vegetation.

#### Noun

arna f (plural arnes)
* beehive
    Synonyms: buc, casera, rusc
* Synonym of arnot

##### Holonyms

* (beehive): apiari

##### Derived terms

* arnot

### Etymology 2

Unknown origin, but possibly cognate to Basque arr (“worm, insect”). Cognate to Occitan arna and Sardinian arna.

#### Noun

arna f (plural arnes)
* moth

##### Derived terms

* arnar-se

##### See also

* eruga (“caterpillar”)
* papallona (“butterfly”)

### Etymology 3

Possibly the same origin as Etymology 2 above, but also possibly by refactoring of sarna (“scabies”) as s’ + arna.

#### Noun

arna f (plural arnes)
* (Mallorca) dandruff
    Synonym: caspa

### Further reading

* “arna” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “arna”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “arna” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “arna” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

Uncertain. Probably from a a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from *arona (“ring”, “wheel”, "rim"); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European. Cognate with Asturian arna and Catalan arna

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaɾnɐ]

### Noun

arna f (plural arnas)
* bark (the exterior covering of the trunk of a tree, especially when thick and old)
    Synonyms: arneca, arnela, casca, cortiza
* a round, large section of bark

#### Derived terms

* arnal (“harsh; large”)
* arneca (“bark”)
* arneiro (“barnacles”)
* arneirón (“barnacles”)
* arnela (“bark”)
* arneste (“barnacles”)

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “arna”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “arna”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “arna”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “arna”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Icelandic
### Noun

arna
* indefinite genitive plural of örn

## Irish
### Etymology

From ar (“on, upon”) + a (“his, her, their”).

### Preposition

arna
* Only used in arna mhárach

### Contraction

arna
* used with a verbal noun to indicate completion of an action and its direct object
    ‘upon his/its’ / ‘when he/it’ (triggers lenition): arna shailleadh ― upon its being salted, when it had been salted
    ‘upon her/its’ / ‘when she/it’ (triggers h-prothesis): arna hinsint ― upon its being told, when it had been told
    ‘upon their’ / ‘when they’ (triggers eclipsis): arna ndearbhú i gcruatan ― upon their being tested in hardship, when they were tested in hardship
* used to form the equivalent of a past participle that agrees with a third-person subject
    masculine singular agreement triggers lenition: arna chur in eagar ag ― edited by (of something masculine)
    feminine singular agreement triggers h-prothesis: arna hoscailt ― (being) opened (of something feminine)
    plural agreement triggers eclipsis: arna bhfoilsiú ag ― published by (of something plural)

#### Related terms

* arnár

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “arna”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “arna”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “arna”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* arda, arla (Gascon)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate with Catalan arna and Sardinian arna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈarno/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

arna f (plural arnas)
* moth
* (Attagenus pellio) fur beetle, carpet beetle

#### Synonyms

* [2]: cuca, darna, tenha

### References

* ↑ Gui Benoèt, "Las bèstias", 2008, Toulouse, IEO Edicions, 2008, →ISBN, p. 60

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈar͈n͈a]

### Etymology 1

Univerbation of ara (“so that”) +‎ ná (“not”)

#### Conjunction

arna (triggers /h/-prothesis)
* so that … not, lest
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9$^d$24
    arna dich cách assa dligud i n-adaltras tri láthar demuin et tri bar nebcongabthetit-silest everyone go out of his duty into adultery through the Devil's machination and through your incontinence
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 126$^a$4
    arna té .i. féith forsna muireso that it may not go, i.e. a calm over the seas
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 203$^a$6
    arna derṅmis cum nobis; air dïa ndénmis cum me, do·génmis dano cum nobisthat we might not make cum nobis; for if we made cum me, then we should make cum nobis
* that … not (introduces a noun clause)

##### Alternative forms

* arnach- (used before an infixed pronoun)

#### Further reading

* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 898; reprinted 2017

### Etymology 2

Univerbation of ar (“for (the sake of), because of”) +‎ inna (“the”, accusative plural)

#### Article

arna (triggers /h/-prothesis)
* for (the sake of) the (accusative plural), because of the (accusative plural)

#### Further reading

* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 823 C, page 498; reprinted 2017

## Old Norse
### Noun

arna
* indefinite accusative/genitive plural of arinn
* indefinite genitive plural of ǫrn

## Sardinian
### Alternative forms

* arnia, arrana, arrina, arrala, arrentza, arrenza, rentza

### Etymology

Cognate with Catalan arna and Occitan arna.

### Noun

arna m (plural arnas)
* moth
    Synonyms: maniposa, babbaliscu, tacatia

#### See also

* ruga f, mamaruga f

### References

* àrna - Ditzionàriu in línia, Regione Autonoma della Sardegna
* Vocabolariu Sardu-Italianu et Italianu-Sardu, Canonigu Johanne Ispanu

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* arnaf, arno

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈarna/

### Pronoun

arna
* (colloquial) first-person singular of am