# جد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Hebrew גד (gad).

#### Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I (non-past يَجِدُّ (yajiddu), verbal noun جِدَّة (jidda))
* to be new

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I (non-past يَجِدُّ (yajiddu), verbal noun جِدّ (jidd))
* to be serious
* to be earnest

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

جِدّ • (jidd) m
* verbal noun of جَدَّ (jadda, “to be serious, to be earnest”)
* seriousness, earnestness
* diligence, assiduity, eagerness

##### Declension
#### Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural جُدُود (judūd))
* good luck, good fortune

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒadd/

#### Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural أَجْدَاد (ʔajdād) or جُدُود (judūd) or جُدُودَة (judūda), feminine جَدَّة (jadda))
* grandfather
* ancestor
* (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) glory
* (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) Majesty
* (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) grandeur
* (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) excellence
* (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) ancient

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: يد (yad(d))
* Maltese: ġidd

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “جد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

جِدْ • (jid) (form I) /d͡ʒid/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of وَجَدَ (wajada)

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd, “grandfather”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡidd/, [ɡɪdː], [ˈɡɪdːe] (before a consonant), [ɡed] (sentence final)

#### Noun

جدّ • (gidd) m (plural اجداد (agdād), feminine جدّة (gidda))
* grandfather
    Synonym: جدّو (giddu) (familiar)
* (chiefly in the plural) ancestor

##### Derived terms

* جدّو (giddu)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic جَادّ (jādd, “serious”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡadd/, [ɡædː], [ˈɡædːe] (before a consonant), [ɡæd] (sentence final)

#### Adjective

جدّ • (gadd) (singular only, masculine only)
* serious
    الموضوع جدّ ― il-mawḍūʕ gadd ― The situation is serious

##### Related terms

* بجدّ (bigadd, “actually; really”)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic جَدَّ (jadda, “to work diligently; to be serious”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡadd/, [ɡædː], [ˈɡædːe] (before a consonant), [ɡæd] (sentence final)

#### Verb

جدّ • (gadd) (verbal noun جدّ (gidd))
* (uncommon, somewhat formal) to work hard, to work diligently
    Synonym: اجتهد (igtahad)

##### Usage notes

Usually only used with اجتهد (igtahad).
    جدّ واجتهد ― gidd w-igtihid ― Work hard (imperative)

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒadd/

### Noun

جد • (jadd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدة (jadda))
* grandfather
    جدي توفى هادي شي سبع سنين.jaddi twaffa hādi ši sabʕ snīn.My grandfather died approximately 7 years ago.
* ancestor
    جدودنا كانوا ناس. ― jdūdna kānu nās. ― Our ancestors were brave people.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

### Noun

جد • (cedd) (plural اجداد)
* ancestor

#### Descendants

* Turkish: cet

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒadð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæd̪̥(ː)]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]

### Noun

جد • (jadd) (plural اجداد (ajdād))
* ancestor
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 367:گر نبودی کوشش احمد تو هم میپرستیدی چو اجدادت صنمgar na-būdī kōšiš-i ahmad tū ham mē-parastīdī čō ajdād-at sanamHad it not been for the efforts of Ahmad, you also, like your ancestors, would be worshipping idols.

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “جد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒadd/, [ʒad]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

#### Noun

جدّ • (jadd, jidd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدّة (jadde, jidde))
* grandfather
    Endearing form: جدّو (jaddo, jiddo)
    Synonym: سيد (sīd)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic جِدّ (jidd).

#### Noun

جدّ • (jadd) m
* seriousness, earnestness

##### Derived terms

* عن جد (ʕan jadd, “seriously, really”)