# 旬

| 旬 | U+65EC, &#26092; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65EC |
| ← 旫 [U+65EB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 旭 → [U+65ED] |

## Translingual
### Han character

旬 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心日 (PA), four-corner 2762$_0$, composition ⿹勹日)

#### Derived characters

* 侚, 迿, 咰, 姰, 峋, 徇, 恂, 洵, 狥, 栒, 殉, 毥, 珣, 絢 (绚), 𰃢, 詢 (询), 𤱬, 駨, 郇, 荀

#### See also

* 复 傷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13746
* Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1485, character 3
* Unihan data for U+65EC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旬 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 枃 | *skins |
| 笉 | *skʰinʔ |
| 郇 | *ɡʷreːn, *sqʰʷin |
| 絢 | *qʰʷiːns |
| 眴 | *qʰʷiːns, *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin, *qʰʷjins, *ŋʷjin |
| 盷 | *ɡʷiːn |
| 訇 | *ɡʷiːn, *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 迿 | *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷins |
| 姰 | *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin |
| 畇 | *l'iːŋ, *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin, *ɢʷin |
| 荀 | *sqʰʷin |
| 詢 | *sqʰʷin |
| 洵 | *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin |
| 恂 | *sqʰʷin |
| 峋 | *sqʰʷin |
| 珣 | *sqʰʷin |
| 槆 | *sqʰʷin |
| 筍 | *sqʰʷinʔ |
| 箰 | *sqʰʷinʔ |
| 旬 | *sɢʷin |
| 殉 | *sɢʷins |
| 徇 | *sɢʷins |
| 侚 | *sɢʷins |
| 均 | *kʷin |
| 鈞 | *kʷin |
| 袀 | *kʷin |
| 汮 | *kʷin, *kʷrin |
| 呁 | *kʷins |
| 筠 | *ɡʷin |
| 荺 | *ɢʷin, *ɡʷinʔ |
| 匀 | *ɢʷin |
| 韵 | *ɢʷins |
| 輷 | *qʰʷreːŋ, *qʰʷreːŋs |
| 揈 | *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 鍧 | *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 渹 | *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 赹 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 憌 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 惸 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 咰 | *sqʰʷrid |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sɢʷin): phonetic 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”).
The pictographic protoform of 螾 was borrowed to represent "period of days" in oracle bone script. In bronze inscriptions, the semantic component 日 (“sun/day”) was added to this character. In the Warring States period, the phonetic component was mistaken as 勹 (“bow down”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 勹 + 日.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xún (xun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sùn
    (Hailu, HRS): sun
* Eastern Min (BUC): sùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song$^2$ / suong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shiun
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xún
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syún
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^2$
*** Yale: syún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyun
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceon$^4$
*** Yale: chèuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun
*** Sinological IPA: /sun⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sùng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seóng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
*** Tâi-lô: sûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shiun
*** MiniDict: shiuin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕyn³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sən¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit旬 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕyn³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕyn²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕyn⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕyẽ⁴²/ /ɕyẽ⁵⁵/ 上～ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /syə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /syn⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕyẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕyə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕyŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕỹn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕyŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕyn²¹³/ 七～ /ɕin²¹³/ 上～ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕyn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕin²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕĩ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /syn²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕyn⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕyŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕỹŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕyŋ³⁵/ /ɕioŋ³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zin¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷen³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /joŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕyan⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕyn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sun¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sun¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sun³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sœyŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /suŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tun³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: zwin
Rime :
| Character | 旬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 詳遵切 |
| Baxter | zwin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwin/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭuĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceon$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-qʷi[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 旬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zwin › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-N-qʷi[n]/ |
| English | ten-day cycle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16395 |
| Phonetic component | 匀 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 旬 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɢʷin/ |

### Definitions

旬
* ten-day period
* ten years
    七旬老翁 ― qī xún lǎowēng ― seventy-year-old man
* period of time

### Compounds

* 上旬 (shàngxún)
* 下旬 (xiàxún)
* 中旬 (zhōngxún)
* 兼旬 (jiānxún)
* 初旬 (chūxún)
* 旬休
* 旬刊 (xúnkān)
* 旬始
* 旬年
* 旬日
* 旬月
* 旬朔 (xúnshuò)
* 旬歲 / 旬岁
* 淹旬曠月 / 淹旬旷月
* 由旬 (yóuxún)
* 經旬累月 / 经旬累月

### References

* “旬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “旬”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 272.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* period of ten days

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun, Jōyō $^†$)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 旬
* しゅん Grade: S
* on'yomi
Derived from Middle Chinese 旬 (MC zwin).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅん [shúꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しゅん [shùń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕɨ̃ɴ]

#### Noun

旬(しゅん) • (shun)
* season (of something, as in "in season")
    旬(しゅん)の野菜(やさい)
       shun no yasai
       in-season vegetables
    春(はる)に旬(しゅん)を迎(むか)える
       haru ni shun o mukaeru
       to be in season come spring
    旬(しゅん)のジャンル
       shun no janru
       in-vogue genre

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 旬
* ひとし Grade: S

#### Proper noun

旬(ひとし) • (Hitoshi)
* a male given name

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旬 (MC zwin). Recorded as Middle Korean 슌 (sywun) (Yale: syun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 旬 (eumhun 열흘 순 (yeolheul sun))
* hanja form of 순 (“ten-day period”)

#### Compounds

* 사순절 (四旬節, sasunjeol)
* 오순절 (五旬節, osunjeol)
* 중순 (中旬, jungsun)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

旬: Hán Nôm readings: tuần
* week

### References

* Nom Foundation