# حرم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Compare Hebrew חֵרֶם (ḥērem, “taboo, consecration”).

#### Verb

حَرُمَ • (ḥaruma) I (non-past يَحْرُمُ (yaḥrumu), verbal noun حُرْم (ḥurm) or حُرُم (ḥurum) or حُرْمَة (ḥurma) or حِرْمَة (ḥirma) or حَرَام (ḥarām))
حَرِمَ • (ḥarima) I (non-past يَحْرَمُ (yaḥramu), verbal noun حَرَم (ḥaram) or حَرَام (ḥarām))
* to be sacred, to be sacrosanct, to be inviolable
* to be forbidden, to be prohibited, to be interdicted, to be unlawful [with عَلَى (ʕalā)]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

حَرَمَ • (ḥarama) I (non-past يَحْرِمُ (yaḥrimu), verbal noun حِرْم (ḥirm) or حِرْمَان (ḥirmān))
* to deprive, to dispossess, to divest, to bereave, to withhold, to withdraw, to deny, to refuse
    حُرِمَ ٱلطِّفْلُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ.ḥurima ṭ-ṭiflu min ʔummihi.The child was taken away from his mother.
* to exclude, to preclude
* to excommunicate

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

حَرَّمَ • (ḥarrama) II (non-past يُحَرِّمُ (yuḥarrimu), verbal noun تَحْرِيم (taḥrīm))
* to declare sacred, to declare sacrosanct, to declare inviolable, to declare taboo
    Antonym: أَحَلَّ (ʔaḥalla)
* to declare unlawful, to forbid, to interdict, to proscribe
    Antonym: أَحَلَّ (ʔaḥalla)
* to immunize

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Noun

حِرْم • (ḥirm) m
* verbal noun of حَرَمَ (ḥarama) (form I)
* (Christianity) excommunication
* pilgrim's cloak

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.5
#### Noun

حُرْم • (ḥurm) m
* verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
* anything sacred
* pilgrim's cloak

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.6
#### Adjective

حَرَم • (ḥaram) (masculine plural أَحْرَام (ʔaḥrām))
* forbidden, prohibited, interdicted
* taboo
* holy, sacred, sacrosanct

##### Declension
#### Noun

حَرَم • (ḥaram) m (plural أَحْرَام (ʔaḥrām))
* verbal noun of حَرِمَ (ḥarima) (form I)
* sacred object, sacred possession
* wife
* sanctum, sanctuary, sacred precinct
    اَلْحَرَمَيْن / اَلْحَرَمَان ― al-ḥaramayn / al-ḥaramān ― the two sanctuaries or sacred precincts (the two mosques or cities of Mecca and Medina)
    ثَالِث الْحَرَمَيْن ― ṯāliṯ al-ḥaramayn ― the third holiest site or pilgrimage destination (Jerusalem's Temple Mount) (literally, “the third of the two sanctuaries”)

##### Declension
#### Derived terms

* الْحَرَمَيْن (al-ḥaramayn)
* الْحَرَم الشَّرِيف (al-ḥaram aš-šarīf)

### Etymology 1.7
#### Noun

حُرُم • (ḥurum) m pl
* plural of حَرِيم (ḥarīm)
* plural of حَرَام (ḥarām)

#### Adjective

حُرُم • (ḥurum) m pl
* masculine plural of حَرَام (ḥarām)

### Etymology 1.8
#### Noun

حُرُم • (ḥurum) m
* verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.9
#### Noun

حُرَم • (ḥuram) f pl
* plural of حُرْمَة (ḥurma)

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حرم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 370–371
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حرم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 553–555
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “حرم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 201
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 273

## Kohistani Shina
### Adjective

حرم (haram)
* forbidden

### Noun

حرم (harem)
* Harem
* Kaaba
* Holy

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ha.ˈɾam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.ɾǽm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.ɾǽm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæ.ɹǽm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hä.ɾǽm]

### Noun

حرم • (haram)
* (Islam) sanctuary, sacred enclosure
    حرم امام حسین ― haram-e emâm hoseyn ― Imam Husayn Shrine
    حرم مکه ― haram-e makke ― the Sacred Mosque of Mecca
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 324”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:پاسبان حرم دل شده‌ام شب همه شب تا در این پرده جز اندیشه او نگذارمpāsbān-i haram-i dil šuda-am šab hama šab tā dar īn parda juz andīša-i ō naguzāramI have become the sentinel of my heart's sanctuary, night-long every night, So as to let in nothing but thoughts of her beyond this veil.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “حرم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَرَّمَ (ḥarrama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħar.ram/, [ˈħar.ram]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

حرّم • (ḥarram) II (present بحرّم (biḥarrem))
* to prohibit
    Synonym: منع (manaʕ)
    Antonym: سمح (samaḥ)

#### See also

* حرام (ḥarām, “forbidden, unlawful”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حرم (haram), from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram).

### Adjective

حرم • (haram) (Hindi spelling हरम)
* forbidden
* sacred

### Noun

حرم • (haram) ? (Hindi spelling हरम)
* sanctuary
* temple
* harem, seraglio