# 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠
## Old Persian
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hr̥taxšaθrah. Equivalent to 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (r̥taʰ, “Asha; truth”) +‎ 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaçam, “realm; reign”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ʾrtḥštr /⁠Ardaxšahr⁠/).

### Proper noun

𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (a-r-t-x-š-ç-a /R̥taxšaçāʰ/) m
* a male given name, Artaxerxes

#### Descendants

(Taking Old Persian as representative for all Old Iranian)
* Middle Persian: (/⁠Ardašīr, Ardaxšahr⁠/)
** Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾltšdl)
** Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥 (ʾrtḥštr)
*** Classical Persian: اردشیر (Ardašēr)
**** Iranian Persian: اردشیر (Ardešīr)
**** Dari: اردشیر (Ardašēr)
**** Tajik: Ардашер (Ardašer)
*** → Old Armenian: Արտաշիր (Artašir), Արտաշէս (Artašēs), Արտասիրէս (Artasirēs)
*** → Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξίας (Artaxías)
* → Sanskrit: अर्तक्षयर्ष (artakṣayarṣa), ऋतक्षयर्ष (ṛtakṣayarṣa)
** → Hindi: अर्तक्षयर्ष (artakṣayarṣ), अर्तक्षयार्ष (artakṣayārṣ)
** → Marathi: अर्तक्षयर्ष (artakṣayarṣa), अर्तक्षयार्ष (artakṣayārṣa)
** → Odia: ଅର୍ତକ୍ଷୟର୍ଷ (artakshayarsha), ଅର୍ତକ୍ଷୟାର୍ଷ (artakshayārsha)
* → Akkadian:
** Late Babylonian: 𒅈 (ar /⁠Ar⁠/), 𒌒 (ár /⁠Ar⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒀪𒄩𒐼𒄑𒋢 (ar-ta-ʾ-ḫa-šá-is-su /⁠Artaʾḫašaisu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒀝𒁲𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-ak-šá-as-su /⁠Artakšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ar-tak-šat-su /⁠Artakšatsu⁠/), 𒌒𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ár-tak-šat-su /⁠Artakšatsu⁠/), 𒀸𒋫𒀝𒐼𒊍𒋢 (aš-ta-ak-šá-as-su /⁠Aštakšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒄴𒊓𒋢 (ar-ta-aḫ-sa-su /⁠Artaḫsasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒄴𒐼𒊍𒋛𒅖 (ar-ta-aḫ-šá-as-si-iš /⁠Artaḫšasiš⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒄴𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-aḫ-šá-as-su /⁠Artaḫšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒀝𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-ak-šá-as-su /⁠Artakšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-as-su /⁠Artasu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒊓𒋢 (ar-taḫ-sa-su /⁠Artaḫsasu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒊓𒌅 (ar-taḫ-sa-tu /⁠Artaḫsatu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒊭𒊍𒋢 (ar-taḫ-ša-as-su /⁠Artaḫšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍 (ar-taḫ-šá-as /⁠Artaḫšas⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒄴𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-aḫ-su /⁠Artaḫšasaḫsu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒄑𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-is-su /⁠Artaḫšasisu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒊓𒀾 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-sa-áš /⁠Artaḫšasaš⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋛𒅖 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-si-iš /⁠Artaḫšasiš⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋀 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-siš /⁠Artaḫšasiš⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-su /⁠Artaḫšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒈭𒆳𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šat-su /⁠Artaḫšatsu⁠/), 𒅈𒃮𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-táḫ-šá-as-su /⁠Artaḫšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒀀𒄭𒅆 (ar-tak-a-ḫi-ši /⁠Artakaḫiši⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒊍𒋢 (ar-tak-as-su /⁠Artakasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒅗𒋢 (ar-ta-ka-su /⁠Artakasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒊍𒋛 (ar-tak-šá-as-si /⁠Artakšasi⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-tak-šá-as-su /⁠Artakšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒄿𒋢 (ar-tak-šá-i-su /⁠Artakšaisu⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒋛 (ar-tak-šá-si /⁠Artakšasi⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒋢 (ar-tak-šá-su /⁠Artakšasu⁠/), 𒅈𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ar-tak-šat-su /⁠Artakšatsu⁠/), 𒅈𒋫𒊑𒋫𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-ri-ta-as-su /⁠Artaritasu⁠/), 𒌒𒆳𒋢 (ár-šat-su /⁠Aršatsu⁠/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋛 (ár-taḫ-šá-as-si /⁠Artaḫšasi⁠/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-as-su /⁠Artaḫšasu⁠/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒊍𒌑𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-as-ú-su /⁠Artaḫšasusu⁠/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-su /⁠Artaḫšasu⁠/), 𒌒𒈭𒆳𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šat-su /⁠Artaḫšatsu⁠/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒍝𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-za-su /⁠Artaḫšazasu⁠/), 𒌒𒋳𒀪𒋢 (ár-tak-ʾ-su /⁠Artakʾsu⁠/), 𒌒𒋳𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ár-tak-šá-as-su /⁠Artakšasu⁠/), 𒌒𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ár-tak-šat-su /⁠Artakšatsu⁠/), 𒌒𒋫𒆳𒋢 (ár-ta-š[at-su] /⁠Artaš[atsu]⁠/), 𒀸𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (aš-taḫ-šá-as-su /⁠Aštaḫšasu⁠/), 𒀸𒈭𒐼𒋛 (aš-taḫ-šá-si /⁠Aštaḫšasi⁠/), 𒀸𒈭𒆳𒋢 (aš-taḫ-šat-su /⁠Aštaḫšatsu⁠/), 𒀸𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (aš-taḫ-šá-as-su /⁠Aštaḫšasu⁠/), □𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋛𒍪 (□-taḫ-šá-as-si-sú /⁠□taḫšasisu⁠/)
* → Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης (Artaxérxēs), Ἀρταξέσσης (Artaxéssēs), Ἀρτασέσσης (Artaséssēs)
** → Latin: Artaxerxēs
*** → English: Artaxerxes
* → Aramaic:
** Biblical Aramaic: אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא (ʾartaḥšaśt), אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא (ʾartaḥšast)
** Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡇𐡔‬𐡎‬‬𐡔 (ʾrtḥšsš)
** → Biblical Hebrew: אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא (ʾartaḥšáśtā), אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא (ʾartaḥšaśt), אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא (ʾartaḥšast)
* → Egyptian:
** Demotic: ꜣrṱẖšsš, ꜣrṱẖštš, ꜣrṱẖšṱš, ꜣrṱẖṱš
** Late Egyptian: (ꜣrwṯḫꜣšsšꜣ), (ꜣrtꜣḫꜣšꜣsšꜣ), (ꜣrwtꜣḫšꜣšꜣs), (ꜣrwtꜣḫꜣšꜣsšꜣ), (ꜣrwṯḫšsꜣ)
* → Elamite:
** Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒅅𒐼𒆜𒐼 (ir-da-ik-šá-iš-šá /⁠Irdaikšaiša⁠/), 𒅕𒋳𒅅𒐼𒀾𒐼 (ir-tà-ik-šá-áš-šá /⁠Irtaikšaša⁠/), 𒅕𒋳𒅅𒐼𒅖𒐼 (ir-tà-ik-šá-iš-šá /⁠Irtaikšaiša⁠/)
* → Lycian: 𐊁𐊕𐊗𐊀𐊋𐊖𐊖𐊆𐊕𐊀𐊈𐊀- (ertakssiraza-) (possibly)
* → Lydian: 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤠𐤨𐤮𐤠𐤳𐤳𐤠𐤬 (artaksaššao), 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤠𐤨𐤮𐤠𐤮𐤳𐤠 (artakśaś[sa])

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN
* ↑ Gindro, S. with Scarlata, S. and Widmer, P. (2013) “Old Persian Corpus”, in TITUS: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien‎, section 125
* Rüdiger Schmitt (December 15, 1986), "Artaxerxes", Encyclopædia Iranica.