# 章

| 章 | U+7AE0, &#31456; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AE0 |
| ← 竟 [U+7ADF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竡 → [U+7AE1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

章 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿日十 (YTAJ), four-corner 0040$_6$, composition ⿱立早 or ⿱音十)

#### Derived characters

* 障, 蟑, 嶂, 墇, 嫜, 傽, 彰, 璋, 獐, 幛, 瘴, 暲, 樟, 漳, 慞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25761
* Dae Jaweon: page 1301, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2709, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7AE0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 章 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 章 | *kjaŋ |
| 樟 | *kjaŋ |
| 彰 | *kjaŋ |
| 漳 | *kjaŋ |
| 鄣 | *kjaŋ |
| 璋 | *kjaŋ |
| 嫜 | *kjaŋ |
| 獐 | *kjaŋ |
| 慞 | *kjaŋ |
| 墇 | *kjaŋ, *kjaŋs |
| 障 | *kjaŋ, *kjaŋs |
| 麞 | *kjaŋ |
| 蔁 | *kjaŋ |
| 暲 | *kjaŋ |
| 嶂 | *kjaŋs |
| 瘴 | *kjaŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): A chisel 辛 piercing a piece of untreated jade in the middle of the character (now 日). Originally meaning "to treat jade", likely the original character of 璋 or 彰.

### Etymology

STEDT compares the word to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”); see 陽 (OC *laŋ, “sunshine”) for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhāng (zhang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җон (žon, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chông
    (Hailu, HRS): zhong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ció̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo$^1$ / ziuⁿ$^1$ / zyong$^1$ / zyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiuⁿ / chioⁿ / chiong / chiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zion$^1$ / ziên$^1$ / ziang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhang
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^1$
*** Yale: jāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jang
*** Palladius: чжан (čžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җон (žon, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^1$
*** Yale: jēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ziang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chông
*** Hakka Romanization System: zong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃoŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sæ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ció̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ziuⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩũ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁵³³/
* zieo1/ziuⁿ1 - vernacular;
* zyong1/zyeng1 - literary (incl. surname).
* Middle Chinese: tsyang
Rime :
| Character | 章 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸良切 |
| Baxter | tsyang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*taŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kjaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 章 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyang › |
| Old Chinese | /*taŋ/ |
| English | brilliant; distinctive mark; to display |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 章 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16817 |
| Phonetic component | 章 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 章 |
| Old Chinese | /*kjaŋ/ |

### Definitions

章
* chapter; section
    九章算術／九章算术 ― jiǔ zhāng suànshù ― The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
    章節／章节 ― zhāngjié ― chapter, section
    樂章／乐章 ― yuèzhāng ― (music) movement
* composition; structure
    文章 ― wénzhāng ― article, essay
* rules; regulations; constitution; charter
    章程 ― zhāngchéng ― rules; charter
    按章工作 ― ànzhānggōngzuò ― work-to-rule
* seal; stamp
    圖章／图章 ― túzhāng ― stamp, seal
* badge; medal; emblem
    徽章 ― huīzhāng ― badge, emblem
* order (Can we verify this sense?)
    雜亂無章／杂乱无章 ― záluànwúzhāng ― confusing and disordered; chaotic
* memorial to the throne
    奏章 ― zòuzhāng ― memorial to the throne
* (Cantonese) mahjong tiles
* (alt. form 彰) obvious; well-known
* (alt. form 彰) to make manifest; to display; to express
* (alt. form 彰) to commend; to praise; to distinguish
    From: c. early 1st century, Huan Tan (桓譚), New Treatise (《新論》)
    “Yīn zhī sānrén” jiē àn yú qián ér zhāng yú hòu, hé yì yú shì? Hé bǔ yú jūn? [Pinyin]
    The so-called "three virtuous men of Yin" were all in various forms of oblivion beforehand and were accorded great fame after the fact. How did that help with the matters of their country? What use were there to their prince?
* Classifier for chapters, etc.
* (Chinese astronomy) the cycle of 19 years (approximate common multiple for the synodic month and tropical year, similar to the Metonic cycle)
    章動／章动 ― zhāngdòng ― nutation
    From: c. early 3rd century, Zhao Shuang (趙爽), editor. Zhoubi Suanjing (《周髀算經》)
    Shíjiǔ suì wéi yī zhāng. Sì zhāng wèi yī bù, qīshíliù suì. [Pinyin]
    [The cycle of] nineteen years constitute one zhang. Four zhang make one bu, which is seventy-six years.
* a surname, Zhang or Cheung
    章子怡 ― Zhāng Zǐyí ― Zhang Ziyi

#### Synonyms

* (chapter): 章段 (zhāngduàn)

### Compounds

* 三侯之章
* 下筆成章 / 下笔成章
* 不成章
* 九章
* 九章律
* 九章算術 / 九章算术
* 作文章
* 便章
* 保章氏
* 像章
* 八股文章
* 公章 (gōngzhāng)
* 典章 (diǎnzhāng)
* 典章制度 (diǎnzhāng zhìdù)
* 出口成章 (chūkǒuchéngzhāng)
* 出言成章
* 勛章 / 勋章 (xūnzhāng)
* 千章
* 印章 (yìnzhāng)
* 印章學 / 印章学
* 含章
* 周章 (zhōuzhāng)
* 周章狼狽 / 周章狼狈 (zhōuzhānglángbèi)
* 國光勛章 / 国光勋章
* 國光獎章 / 国光奖章
* 圖章 / 图章 (túzhāng)
* 報章 / 报章 (bàozhāng)
* 壓角章 / 压角章
* 大做文章 (dàzuòwénzhāng)
* 大塊文章 / 大块文章
* 大憲章 / 大宪章 (Dà Xiànzhāng)
* 大諫章 / 大谏章
* 大費周章 / 大费周章 (dàfèizhōuzhāng)
* 天章
* 奎章
* 奏章 (zòuzhāng)
* 孔章望斗
* 官樣文章 / 官样文章 (guānyàngwénzhāng)
* 定章
* 官章
* 密章
* 寶章 / 宝章
* 寶鼎勛章 / 宝鼎勋章
* 尋章摘句 / 寻章摘句 (xúnzhāngzhāijù)
* 帽章
* 平章
* 平章百姓
* 店章
* 建章 (jiànzhāng)
* 引首章
* 彈章 / 弹章
* 彫章鏤句 / 雕章镂句
* 徽章 (huīzhāng)
* 急就章 (jíjiùzhāng)
* 憲章 / 宪章 (xiànzhāng)
* 成章 (chéngzhāng)
* 抗章
* 招生簡章 / 招生简章
* 按章工作 (ànzhānggōngzuò)
* 援筆成章 / 援笔成章
* 搜章擿句
* 摘句尋章 / 摘句寻章 (zhāijùxúnzhāng)
* 摛藻雕章
* 摛章繪句 / 摛章绘句
* 操翰成章
* 敷章
* 文虎章
* 文章 (wénzhāng)
* 文章憎命
* 文章星斗
* 文章鉅公 / 文章巨公
* 文章魁首
* 斐然成章
* 斷章取義 / 断章取义 (duànzhāngqǔyì)
* 斷章截句 / 断章截句
* 斷章摘句 / 断章摘句
* 昄章
* 明章之治
* 星章 (xīngzhāng)
* 景星勛章 / 景星勋章
* 會章 / 会章
* 有文章
* 有章
* 服章
* 榮譽勛章 / 荣誉勋章
* 樂章 / 乐章 (yuèzhāng)
* 橡皮圖章 / 橡皮图章 (xiàngpí túzhāng)
* 正章
* 殘章斷簡 / 残章断简
* 毫無章法 / 毫无章法
* 沉吟章句
* 河女之章
* 滿腹文章 / 满腹文章
* 煞費周章 / 煞费周章
* 照章 (zhàozhāng)
* 爪章
* 牙章
* 獎章 / 奖章 (jiǎngzhāng)
* 率爾成章 / 率尔成章
* 率由舊章 / 率由旧章
* 班馬文章 / 班马文章
* 瑤章 / 瑶章
* 真章
* 私章
* 篇章 (piānzhāng)
* 簡章 / 简章 (jiǎnzhāng)
* 簽章 / 签章
* 紀念章 / 纪念章 (jìniànzhāng)
* 約法三章 / 约法三章 (yuēfǎsānzhāng)
* 約章 / 约章 (yuēzhāng)
* 紫綬金章 / 紫绶金章
* 絕章 / 绝章
* 總章 / 总章
* 老章程
* 肩章 (jiānzhāng)
* 胸章
* 脫口成章 / 脱口成章
* 臂章 (bìzhāng)
* 舉筆成章 / 举笔成章
* 蓋章 / 盖章 (gàizhāng)
* 表章 (biǎozhāng)
* 袖章 (xiùzhāng)
* 褒章
* 見真章 / 见真章 (jiànzhēnzhāng)
* 規章 / 规章 (guīzhāng)
* 詞章 / 词章 (cízhāng)
* 誕章 / 诞章
* 說章兒 / 说章儿
* 諫章 / 谏章
* 證章 / 证章 (zhèngzhāng)
* 豫章 (Yùzhāng)
* 費周章 / 费周章
* 賞罰無章 / 赏罚无章
* 走筆成章 / 走笔成章
* 走馬章臺 / 走马章台
* 轉章 / 转章
* 辨章
* 辭章 / 辞章 (cízhāng)
* 辯章 / 辩章
* 連章累牘 / 连章累牍
* 違章建築 / 违章建筑
* 都鄙有章
* 鉤章棘句 / 钩章棘句
* 閒章 / 闲章
* 雕章繢句 / 雕章缋句
* 雕章鏤句 / 雕章镂句
* 雜亂無章 / 杂乱无章 (záluàn wú zhāng)
* 雲章 / 云章
* 雲麾勛章 / 云麾勋章
* 露章
* 章則 / 章则
* 章動 / 章动 (zhāngdòng)
* 章句
* 章句之徒
* 章句儒
* 章回小說 / 章回小说 (zhānghuí xiǎoshuō)
* 章奏
* 章服 (zhāngfú)
* 章水
* 章決句斷 / 章决句断
* 章法 (zhāngfǎ)
* 章甫
* 章甫縫掖 / 章甫缝掖
* 章甫薦履 / 章甫荐履
* 章田寺 (Zhāngtiánsì)
* 章程
* 章節 / 章节 (zhāngjié)
* 章臺 / 章台
* 章臺柳 / 章台柳
* 章臺楊柳 / 章台杨柳
* 章興 / 章兴 (Zhāngxīng)
* 章草
* 章莊鋪 / 章庄铺 (Zhāngzhuāngpù)
* 章華 / 章华
* 章表
* 章身
* 章魚 / 章鱼 (zhāngyú)
* 順理成章 / 顺理成章 (shùnlǐchéngzhāng)
* 領章 / 领章 (lǐngzhāng)
* 顯章 / 显章 (xiǎnzhāng)
* 飲章 / 饮章
* 騎縫章 / 骑缝章
* 鬆章 / 松章
* 鵬舉獎章 / 鹏举奖章
* 黨章 / 党章 (dǎngzhāng)
* 龍蛇之章 / 龙蛇之章
* 龍章 / 龙章 (lóngzhāng)
* 龍章鳳姿 / 龙章凤姿
* 龍章鳳篆 / 龙章凤篆

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 章(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 장(章) (jang)
* → Vietnamese: chương (章)
Others:
* → English: Chang, Zhang, Cheung, Chiang, Cheang, Cheong

### References

* “章”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、あや (aya)、ふみ (fumi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 章
* しょう Grade: 3
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

章(しょう) • (shō)
* chapter; section
* badge

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 章
* あきら Grade: 3
* nanori

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あきら [áꜜkìrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠kʲiɾa̠]

#### Proper noun

章(あきら) • (Akira)
* a male given name

#### Compounds

* 章魚
* 章識
* 章章
* 章奏
* 章程
* 章表
* 章服
* 章法
* 文章

## Korean
### Hanja

章 (eumhun 글 장 (geul jang))
* hanja form of 장 (“chapter”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

章: Hán Nôm readings: chương

### Noun

章
* chữ Hán form of chương (“(of a book, guideline or legislative document) a chapter”).
    Synonym: 回 (hồi)
    小說章回 (tiểu thuyết chương hồi)novels that are divided into multiple chapters

#### Derived terms

* 印章 (ấn chương) (seal)
* 章程 (chương trình)
* 章程𣛠併 (chương trình máy tính)