OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# putera
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

putera (plural putera-putera)
* Nonstandard form of putra.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* putra

### Etymology

From Sanskrit पुत्र (putra).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

putera (Jawi spelling ڤوترا, plural putera-putera, informal 1st possessive puteraku, 2nd possessive puteramu, 3rd possessive puteranya)
* prince
    Synonyms: pengiran, pangeran, anak raja
* (respectful, of prophets) son
    Synonyms: anak, anak lelaki

#### Antonyms

* puteri (“princess”)

### See also

* puteri

#### Affixed terms

* berputera
* bumiputera
* diputerakan
* keputeraan

### References

* Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 150
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “ڤترا poetĕra”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 52-3
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ڤترا putĕra”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 453
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “putĕra”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 293

### Further reading

* “putera” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Spanish
### Adjective

putera f
* feminine singular of putero
# woul
## Middle English
### Noun

woul
* Alternative form of wolle

## Yola
### Alternative forms

* wull, weel, well, will, ill

### Etymology

From Middle English wullen, welin, willen, from Old English willan, wyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *willjan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wuːl/, /wʊl/, /wɛːl/, /wɛl/, /wɪl/, /ɪl/
* Homophones: wou'll, wul

### Verb

woul
* will
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:Ich woul ich had.I wish I had.

### Noun

woul
* will

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 79
# exitar
## Portuguese

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /e.ziˈta(ʁ)/ [e.ziˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /e.ziˈta(ʁ)/ [e.ziˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /e.ziˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /e.ziˈta(ʁ)/ [e.ziˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /e.ziˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.ziˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.ziˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /i.ziˈta.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: e‧xi‧tar
* Homophone: hesitar

### Etymology 1

From êxito +‎ -ar.

#### Verb

exitar (first-person singular present exito, first-person singular preterite exitei, past participle exitado)
* to succeed
    Synonym: conseguir

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

exitar
* Misspelling of hesitar.

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.
# utbrist
## Swedish
### Verb

utbrist
* imperative of utbrista
# 𑀹

| 𑀹 | U+11039, &#69689; BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN BHATTIPROLU AA |
| ← 𑀸 [U+11038] | Brahmi | 𑀺 → [U+1103A] |

## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː/

### Letter

𑀹
* in Bhattiprolu Brahmi, this vowel diacritic is used for the long ā 𑀆 and 𑀸 is used for the short a 𑀅. Consonants with unmarked vowels are vowelless plain consonants.

### References

* ↑ https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07342-brahmi.pdf
# reaccionante
## Spanish
### Etymology

From reacción +‎ -ante.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /reaɡθjoˈnante/ [re.aɣ̞.θjoˈnãn̪.t̪e]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /reaɡsjoˈnante/ [re.aɣ̞.sjoˈnãn̪.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ante
* Syllabification: re‧ac‧cio‧nan‧te

### Adjective

reaccionante m or f (masculine and feminine plural reaccionantes)
* reacting
# kulka
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkulka]
* Rhymes: -ulka
* Hyphenation: kul‧ka

### Noun

kulka f
* bullet (projectile)
* small ball
* ball (testicle)

#### Related terms

* jako psí kulky
* koule f
* kulička f

### Further reading

* “kulka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kulka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kulka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

### Anagrams

* kukal, kukla, kulak

## Lithuanian
### Noun

kulka f
* bullet

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From kula (“ball”) +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkulka/

### Noun

kulka f (diminutive kulcycka)
* dumpling
* potato
    Synonyms: knedela, knedla, knydel, knydla, knygla, knyla, kulisko

#### Derived terms

* kulcyny
* kulkowy

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “kulka”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “kulka”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Polish
### Etymology

From kula +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkul.ka/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈkul.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ulka
* Syllabification: kul‧ka

### Noun

kulka f (diminutive kuleczka)
* diminutive of kula
* scoop (amount held by a scoop, e.g. of ice cream)
    Synonym: gałka
* (Kuyavia) hooklike bend of something for attaching or pulling

#### Derived terms

* kulkowy

### Further reading

* kulka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kulka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “kulka”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 272
# وداعا
## Arabic
### Etymology

Adverbial accusative of وَدَاع (wadāʕ, “farewell”), from the root و د ع (w d ʕ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wa.daː.ʕan/

### Interjection

وَدَاعًا • (wadāʕan)
* farewell, adieu, goodbye
    Synonym: الوَدَاع (al-wadāʕ)
# lokasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch locatie. Cognate to Afrikaans locasie. Doublet of loka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [loˈkasi]
* Hyphenation: lo‧ka‧si

### Noun

lokasi (plural lokasi-lokasi)
* location
    Synonyms: loka, letak, tempat
* brothel

#### Derived terms

* berlokasi
* pelokasi
* terlokasi

#### Related terms

* alokasi
* relokasi

#### Descendants

* → Malay: lokasi

### Further reading

* “lokasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Indonesian lokasi, from Dutch locatie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /loˈkasi/ [loˈka.si]

### Noun

lokasi (Jawi spelling لوکاسي, plural lokasi-lokasi, informal 1st possessive lokasiku, 2nd possessive lokasimu, 3rd possessive lokasinya)
* (Riau) location
* (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore) Nonstandard form of lokesyen (“location”).

### Further reading

* “lokasi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# 普裡戈任

* A user has marked this entry as having failed a request for verification. with the additional comment: “When transliteration into Chinese, “裡” or "裏" is not used , generally only "里" is used for transliteration unless by mistake or errnous machine translation and there's no need to have a entry for this.”
* It has been asserted that this term does not meet our attestation criteria and is awaiting speedy-deletion by an administrator. If you think it is attested, please provide appropriate citations and remove |fail=1 from the template to restart the discussion.

## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (普裡戈任/普裏戈任) | trad. (普裡戈任/普裏戈任) | 普 | 裡/裏 | 戈 | 任 |
| simp. (普里戈任) | simp. (普里戈任) | 普 | 里 | 戈 | 任 |
(This form in the hanzi box does not have a page created for it yet: "普裏戈任".)
* 普裡戈任

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Pǔlǐgērèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄍㄜ ㄖㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Pǔlǐgērèn [Phonetic: púlǐgērèn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄍㄜ ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Pǔlǐgerèn
*** Wade–Giles: Pʻu$^3$-li$^3$-ko$^1$-jên$^4$
*** Yale: Pǔ-lǐ-gē-rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Puuliigerenn
*** Palladius: Пулигэжэнь (Puligɛžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/

### Proper noun

普裡戈任
* A transliteration of the Russian surname Пригожин (Prigožin): Prigozhin
# disproportioneel
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French disproportionnel.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

disproportioneel (comparative disproportioneler, superlative disproportioneelst)
* disproportional, unequal
    Synonyms: buiten proportie, onproportioneel
    Antonym: proportioneel

#### Derived terms

* disproportionaliteit
# jordbors
## Swedish
### Noun

jordbors
* indefinite genitive plural of jordbo
# çinar
## Albanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چنار, itself derived from Persian چنار.

### Noun

çinar m (plural çinarë, definite çinari, definite plural çinarët)
* oriental plane (Platanus orientalis)
    Synonym: rrap

### References

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Bufli, G., Rocchi, L. (2021) “çinar”, in A historical-etymological dictionary of Turkisms in Albanian (1555–1954), Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, page 439

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Persian چنار.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

çinar (definite accusative çinarı, plural çinarlar)
* plane (deciduous tree, Platanus)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “çinar” in Obastan.com.
# Volodymyr
## English
### Etymology

From Ukrainian Володи́мир (Volodýmyr), Old East Slavic Володимѣръ (Volodiměrŭ). A Ukrainian cognate of Russian Влади́мир (Vladímir). Doublet of Vladimir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vələˈdiːmiə(ɹ)/, /vəˈlɒdɪmiə(ɹ)/, /ˌvoʊloʊˈdiːmiə(ɹ)/, /vəˈloʊdɪmiə(ɹ)/
* Hyphenation: Vo‧lo‧dy‧myr

### Proper noun

Volodymyr
* A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name Володи́мир (Volodýmyr), equivalent to Vladimir.
** 2022 April 28, Sandi Sidhu, Roman Tymotsko and Oleksandra Titorova, “After epic journey, orphaned Ukrainian girl is reunited with grandfather”, in CNN‎:On Tuesday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky visited Kira in the hospital to celebrate her return, also giving her an iPad to entertain her as she recovers.
* A city and raion of Volyn Oblast, in western Ukraine.
* Ukrainian form of Vladimir (that city, the administrative centre of Vladimir Oblast, Russia).
# ragħaj
## Maltese
### Etymology

Agent noun of ragħa (“to graze”). Arabic uses the active participle راعٍ (rāʕin) instead.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raːj/, /raj/
* IPA: /raˤːj/ (archaic)
* Homophone: raj (standard 2 only)
* Rhymes: -aːj, -aj, -aˤːj

### Noun

ragħaj m (plural ragħajja, feminine ragħajja)
* herdsman, shepherd
# وجود
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wu.d͡ʒuːd/

### Noun

وُجُود • (wujūd) m
* verbal noun of وُجِدَ (wujida) (form I)
* verbal noun of وَجَدَ (wajada) (form I)
* existence

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: ওজুদ (ojud)
* → Japanese: ウジュード (ujūdo)
* → Malay: wujud
** → Indonesian: wujud
* → Ottoman Turkish: وجود (vücud)
** Turkish: vücut
** → Azerbaijani: vücud
* → Persian: وجود (vojud)
** → Hindi: वजूद (vajūd)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਵਜੂਦ (vajūd)
    Shahmukhi script: وجود (vajūd)
* → Uyghur: ۋۇجۇت (wujut)
* → Uzbek: vujud

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic وُجُود (wujūd).

### Noun

وجود • (vücud)
* existence; being; substance
    وجوده كتیرمك ― vücuda getirmek ― to create
** 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎, page 8:بو جمعیتك مقصدی ، اجنبی تحت حمایه‌سنده ، بر كورد حكومتی وجوده كتیرمكدی.Bir cemiyetin maksadı, ecnebi tahte himayesinde, bir Kurd hükümeti vucuda getirmekti.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* human body

#### Descendants

* Turkish: vücut
* → Azerbaijani: vücud

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “وجود”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1304
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “vücut”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “وجود”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2129
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic وُجُود (wujūd).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [wu.ˈd͡ʒuːð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [wʊ.d͡ʒúːd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [wʊ.d͡ʒúːd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [wʊ.d͡ʒúːd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [wu.d͡ʒúd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [vo.d͡ʒúːd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [vu.d͡ʒúd̪]
* Rhymes: -uːd

### Noun

وجود • (vojud)
* existence
    Synonym: هستی (hasti)
* presence

#### Inflection

$^△$ Colloquial.

#### Derived terms

* به وجود آمدن (be vojud âmadan), به وجود اومدن (be vojud umadan)
* به وجود آوردن (be vojud âvardan, be vojud âvordan)
* پا به عرصه وجود گذاشتن (pâ be 'arse-ye vojud gozâštan)
* وجود داشتن (vojud dâštan)
* وجودی (vojudi)

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: वजूद (vajūd)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਵਜੂਦ (vajūd)
    Shahmukhi script: وجود (vajūd)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian وُجُود (wujūd), from Arabic وُجُود (wujūd).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʋə.d͡ʒuːd̪/

### Noun

وَجُود • (vajūd) m (Hindi spelling वजूद)
* existence
    Synonyms: ہونا (honā), ہَسْتِی (hastī)

#### Related terms

* مَوجُود (maujūd)
* کے باوَجُود (ke bāvajūd)
# panglinis
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pang- +‎ linis.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paŋˈlinis/ [pɐn̪ˈliː.n̪ɪs]
* Rhymes: -inis
* Syllabification: pang‧li‧nis

### Noun

panglinis (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜎᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* Nonstandard form of panlinis.
# بنگی
## Persian
### Etymology

From بنگ (bang) +‎ ـی (-i).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ban.ˈɡiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäŋ.ɡíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäŋ.ɡíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäŋ.ɡíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäŋ.ɡí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæɲ.ɡʲíː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bäŋ.ɡí]

### Noun

بنگی • (bangi)
* cannabis user, cannabis addict

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “بنگی”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# Wolfenbüttel
## German
### Etymology

From Old Saxon Wulferesbutle, Wulferisbutle

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌvɔlfn̩ˈbʏtl̩/, /ˈvɔlfn̩ˌbʏtl̩/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Wol‧fen‧büt‧tel

### Proper noun

Wolfenbüttel n (proper noun, genitive Wolfenbüttels or (optionally with an article) Wolfenbüttel)
* A town and rural district of Lower Saxony

#### Declension

$^1$Optionally with an article.

#### Derived terms

* Wolfenbütteler
** Wolfenbüttelerin

#### Related terms

* Wolfungen, Wolfsburg, Wolfsfurt, Wolfenstein
* Brunsbüttel, Fuhlsbüttel, Gerstenbüttel, Ottenbüttel
# revertancy
## English
### Noun

revertancy (uncountable)
* (genetics) The condition of being revertant.
# הפעם
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Definite form of פַּעַם (pá'am, “time, occasion, occurrence”).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /haˈpa(ʔ)am/

### Adverb

הַפַּעַם • (hapá'am) (Biblical Hebrew pausal form הַפָּעַם)
* this time
** 2005 The Idan Raichel Project - אולי הפעם
    אולי הפעם יישאר הבחור שאותו אני אוהבתuláy hapá'am yishaér habakhúr sheotó aní ohévetMaybe this time he'll stay, the man that I love

### Anagrams

* פעמה
# reġgħin
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛˈd͡ʒɛjn/, /rɛˈd͡ʒajn/
* IPA: /rɛˈd͡ʒəˤjn/ (archaic)

### Participle

reġgħin
* plural of rieġa’
# ياقة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish یاقه (yaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jaː.qa/

### Noun

يَاقَة • (yāqa) f (plural يَاقَات (yāqāt))
* collar (in clothing)

#### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish یاقه (yaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjaːɡa/

### Noun

يَاقَة • (yāga) f (plural ياقات (yāgāt))
* collar (in clothing)

#### Synonyms

* قَلّاب (gallāb)
# страми
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstrami]

### Verb

страми • (strami) third-singular present, impf (perfective застрами)
* (dialectal) Nonstandard form of срами (srami).

#### Derived terms

* се страми (se strami) (dialectal, reflexive, imperfective aspect)
* застрами (zastrami) (dialectal, perfective aspect)
* се застрами (se zastrami) (dialectal, reflexive, perfective aspect)

#### Related terms

* страм m (stram) (dialectal)
* страмота f (stramota) (dialectal)
# -yįįh
## Navajo
### Stem

-yįįh
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -YĮĮD (holy) -YĮĮD (holy)
# sự vật
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 事物 (“thing”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [sɨ˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂɨ˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ] ~ [sɨ˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂɨ˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨] ~ [sɨ˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨]

### Noun

sự vật
* a tangible thing, especially a physical object
    Dùng who khi nói về người, dùng which khi nói về sự vật, sự việc.Use "who" for people, and "which" for things.
# воспаление
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vɔspaˈlɛni(j)ɛ]

### Noun

воспаление • (vospalenie) n
* inflammation
    Synonym: запаление (zapalenie)

#### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic въспалѣниѥ (vŭspalěnije, “combustion, inflammation”). By surface analysis, воспали́ть (vospalítʹ) +‎ -е́ние (-énije). The modern meaning is probably a semantic loan from French inflammation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vəspɐˈlʲenʲɪje]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

воспале́ние • (vospalénije) n inan (genitive воспале́ния, nominative plural воспале́ния, genitive plural воспале́ний, relational adjective воспали́тельный)
* inflammation (medical condition)

#### Related terms

* воспали́ть pf (vospalítʹ), воспали́ться pf (vospalítʹsja)
* пали́ть impf (palítʹ)

#### Collocations

* воспале́ние лёгких (vospalénije ljóxkix)
# palıd
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَلُّوط (ballūṭ). Compare Crimean Tatar pelit, Turkish pelit, Turkish palıt, Ottoman Turkish بلوط (belūt), Ottoman Turkish پلیت (“acorn; valonia”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

palıd (definite accusative palıdı, plural palıdlar)
* oak (Quercus)
    palıd qozası ― oak acorn

#### Related terms

* şabalıd (“chestnut”)

### See also

* qoza (“acorn”)
# lactuca
## Latin
### Etymology

From lac (“milk”) +‎ -ūcus (suffix common to several plant names), in reference to the milky white substance (latex) exuded by cut lettuce stems.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /lakˈtuː.ka/, [ɫ̪äkˈt̪uːkä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /lakˈtu.ka/, [läkˈt̪uːkä]

### Noun

lactūca f (genitive lactūcae); first declension
* lettuce (Lactuca sativa), wolf's milk (Lactuca maritima), and other Lactuca species

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* lac
* lactāneus
* lactāris
* lactārius
* lactātum
* lacteō
* lacteolus
* lactēscō
* lacteus
* lacticīnium
* lactifer
* lactīneus
* lactō
* lactōris
* lactūcārius

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: lãptucã
** Romanian: lăptucă (with lapatica from lapathum and lappa)
* Dalmatian:
*** → Proto-Slavic: *loťika (see there for further descendants)
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: lattuga
** Sicilian: lattuca
* Padanian:
** Emilian: laciuga
** Friulian: latuie
** Ligurian: leitûga
** Lombard: laciuga
** Piedmontese: laitùa
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: lètua, lèitua, lètuva, lèituva
** Old French: laitue
*** French: laitue
*** Norman: laitue (Jersey)
*** → Middle Dutch: latuwe
**** Dutch: latuw, lattouwe
*** → Middle English: letuse, letus, letys, letuce, letuze, letes, letows, letyse
**** English: lettuce
**** Scots: lettuce, lattice
**** → Welsh: letys
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: lletuga, lletruga, lletua
    Septentrional: lleituga
** Occitan:
    Auvergnat: laituja
    Gascon: lèituga
    Languedocien: laituga, lachuga
    Limousin: laituja
    Provençal: lachuga
    Vivaro-Alpine: lachua
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: llechuga; lleituga (Occidental)
** Galician: leituga
** Leonese: lleituga
** Portuguese: leituga
** Spanish: lechuga
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: lattuca, làtua, làtia, latuca
* Borrowings:
** → Proto-West Germanic: *lahtukā (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lac, -tis (> Derivatives > lactūca 'lettuce')”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320

### Further reading

* “lactuca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lactuca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lactuca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “lactuca”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
# rgħajtu
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraːj.tu/, /ˈraj.tu/
* IPA: /ˈraˤːj.tu/ (archaic)
* Homophone: rajtu (standard 2)

### Verb

rgħajtu
* second-person plural perfect of ragħa
# حالي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of حَال (ḥāl, “condition, situation, present”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy)

### Adjective

حَالِيّ • (ḥāliyy) (feminine حَالِيَّة (ḥāliyya), masculine plural حَالِيُّونَ (ḥāliyyūna), feminine plural حَالِيَّات (ḥāliyyāt))
* current, present
    عَامٌ حَالِيٌّ ― ʕāmun ḥāliyyun ― current year
* immediate, instant
* circumstantial
# т’га
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tǫga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtəɡa]

### Noun

т’га • (t’ga) f
* (dialectal, poetic) Nonstandard form of тага f (taga).

#### Alternative forms

* туга f (tuga) — dialectal
# cham-
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /χam/

### Prefix

cham-
* Aspirate mutation of cam-.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# nocturnus
## Latin
### Etymology

From nox (“night”, oblique stem: noct-) +‎ -urnus (suffix forming adjectives), on the analogy of diurnus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /nokˈtur.nus/, [nɔkˈt̪ʊrnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /nokˈtur.nus/, [nokˈt̪urnus]

### Adjective

nocturnus (feminine nocturna, neuter nocturnum); first/second-declension adjective
* of or belonging to the night, nocturnal

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* nocturna (Medieval Latin)
* nocturnālis (Late Latin)

#### Descendants

* Italian: notturno
** → English: notturno
* Mirandese: noturno
* Piedmontese: noturn
* Sardinian: noturnu
* Spanish: *nochorno
** ⇒ *nochorniego, nocharniego
* → Catalan: nocturn
* → Old High German: nuohturn
** Middle High German: nüehtern, nüchtern, nüchtarn, nüchter
*** German: nüchtern
*** Hunsrik: nichter
* → Old French: notorne
* → French: nocturne (learned)
** → English: nocturne
** → Romanian: nocturn
** → Russian: ноктю́рн (noktjúrn)
* → Friulian: noturni
* → Galician: nocturno (learned)
* → Portuguese: noturno (learned)
* → Spanish: nocturno (learned)

### Further reading

* “nocturnus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “nocturnus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* nocturnus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum