# 贛

| 贛 | U+8D1B, &#36123; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D1B |
| ← 贚 [U+8D1A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 贜 → [U+8D1C] |
| 贛 | U+2F9D6, &#195030; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D6 |
| ← 賁 [U+2F9D5] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 起 → [U+2F9D7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

贛 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+17, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜十竹水金 (YJHEC), four-corner 0748$_6$, composition ⿰章⿱夂貢)

#### Derived characters

* 㔶 灨 𢦅 戇 䀍 𧗜 𰃴 𧆐 𥸡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1213, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36984
* Dae Jaweon: page 1680, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3661, character 19
* Unihan data for U+8D1B
* Unihan data for U+2F9D6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 贛
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 贛 | *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms |
| 灨 | *kluːmʔ, *kluːms |
| 竷 | *kʰluːms |
| 戇 | *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms |
| 洚 | *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ |
| 降 | *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ |
| 絳 | *kruːŋs |
| 栙 | *ɡruːŋ |
| 夅 | *ɡruːŋ |
| 跭 | *ɡruːŋ |
| 隆 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
| 癃 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
| 窿 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
| 霳 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs).
Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms): abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gàn (gan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gam$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kam
    (Hailu, HRS): gam$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gam$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gan$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): go̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáng / góng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^3$ / gong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$koe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^4$
*** Yale: gàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
*** Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^3$
*** Yale: gam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kam³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: go̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng / góng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ²¹³/, /kouŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
*** Tâi-lô: kàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^3$ / gong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng / kòng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ²¹³/, /koŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$koe
*** MiniDict: koe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$koe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: komX, komH
Rime :
| Character | 贛 | 贛 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古禫切 | 古暗切 |
| Baxter | komX | komH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʌm$^X$/ | /kʌm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəm$^X$/ | /kəm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɒm$^X$/ | /kɒm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəm$^X$/ | /kəm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kᴀm$^X$/ | /kᴀm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɒm$^X$/ | /kɒm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăm$^X$/ | /kăm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǎn | gàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^2$ | gam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k[o]mʔ/, /*[k]ˤom-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kluːmʔ/, /*kluːms/, /*kromʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 贛 | 贛 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gàn | gàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kom$^X$ › | ‹ kom$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k[o]mʔ/ | /*[k]ˁom-s/ |
| English | the Gàn river | the Gàn river in Jiangxi |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 贛 | 贛 | 贛 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 |
| No. | 6271 | 6272 | 6276 |
| Phonetic component | 夅 | 夅 | 夅 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 感 | 紺 | 檢 |
| Old Chinese | /*kluːmʔ/ | /*kluːms/ | /*kromʔ/ |
| Notes | | | 贛榆漢縣 |

#### Definitions

贛
* (～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China)
* Alternative name for 江西 (Jiāngxī, “Jiangxi, a province of China.”).
* Gan; Gan Chinese
    贛語／赣语 ― gànyǔ ― Gan (a variant of the Chinese language)

#### Compounds

* 贛劇 / 赣剧 (gànjù)
* 贛州 / 赣州 (Gànzhōu)
* 贛江 / 赣江 (Gàn Jiāng)
* 贛縣 / 赣县 (Gànxiàn)
* 贛語 / 赣语 (gànyǔ)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 貢?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòng (gong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$
*** Yale: gùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^3$
*** Yale: gung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 贛 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古送切 |
| Baxter | kuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤom-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 贛 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁom-s/ (dialect: *-om > *-oŋ) |
| English | tribute |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 贛 |
| Reading # | 4/4 |
| No. | 6290 |
| Phonetic component | 夅 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貢 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːms/ |

#### Definitions

贛
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to grant; to bestow
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 贛 – see 戇 (“stupid and honest; simple; blunt and tactless; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 戇).

#### Compounds

* 愚贛 / 愚赣
* 贛愚 / 赣愚

### References

* “贛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Jiangxi province
* various places in Jiangxi province

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)、かう (kau)、かん (kan)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)、かう (kau)、かん (kan)
* Kun: たまう (tamau, 贛う)

## Korean
### Hanja

贛 (eumhun 줄 공 (jul gong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
贛 (eumhun 강 이름 감 (gang ireum gam))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
贛 (eumhun 미련할 장 (miryeonhal jang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

贛: Hán Việt readings: cống
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.