# 備

| 備 | U+5099, &#20633; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5099 |
| ← 傘 [U+5098] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 傚 → [U+509A] |
| 備 | U+2F809, &#194569; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F809 |
| ← 偺 [U+2F808] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 僧 → [U+2F80A] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 備 |
| Simplified | 备 |
| Japanese | 備 |
| Korean | 備 |

### Han character

備 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人廿竹月 (OTHB), four-corner 2422$_7$, composition ⿰亻𤰇 (GT) or ⿰亻⿱卄⿸厂用 (JK))

#### Derived characters

* 憊, 㷶
* 𡀠, 𭢨, 𮉹, 𬣈, 𮣆, 𮧫, 𮧳, 𤏛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 113, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 967
* Dae Jaweon: page 241, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 200, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5099
* Unihan data for U+2F809

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 備 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb12291b12292b12293b12294b12295Transcribed ancient scriptsL35726L35727L19650L19651L19652L19653L19654 |||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 憊 | *brɯːɡs |
| 韛 | *brɯːɡs |
| 備 | *brɯɡs |
| 俻 | *brɯɡs |
| 鞴 | *brɯɡs, *baːɡs, *bɯɡ |
| 糒 | *brɯɡs |
| 犕 | *brɯɡs |
Phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声, OC *brɯɡs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): a person (亻) carrying a quiver (𤰈 OC *bɯɡ) – "ready; prepared".

### Etymology

Area word; compare Burmese ပြင် (prang, “to get ready; to prepare”), Jingpho hpra (pʰraʔ³¹, “to complete”), Mon ပြေၚ် (“to prepare; to arrange for”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèi (bei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^6$ / bei$^{6-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bei$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bê
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$be
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$
*** Yale: bèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
*** Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^6$ / bei$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: beih / béi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^6$ / bei$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^6$ / béi$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯²²/, /pei̯²²⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
*** Hakka Romanization System: pi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bê
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛi²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bi$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bī
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī
*** Tâi-lô: pī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pi
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pi³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /pi³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$be
*** MiniDict: be$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$be
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /be²³/
* Middle Chinese: bijH
Rime :
| Character | 備 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 平祕切 |
| Baxter | bijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bji$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bji$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*brɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 備 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]rək-s/ |
| English | complete (adj.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 備 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 426 |
| Phonetic component | 備 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 備 |
| Old Chinese | /*brɯɡs/ |

### Definitions

備
* to prepare
    備而不用／备而不用 ― bèi'érbùyòng ― to have something ready just in case; to keep something for possible future use
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Kǒngmíng suǒ zhǐbǐ, píngtuì zuǒyòu, mì shū shíliù zì yuē: “Yù pò Cáo gōng, yí yòng huǒgōng; wànshì jù bèi, zhǐ qiàn dōngfēng.” [Pinyin]
    Kongming asked for papers and pen, dismissed the attendants, then secretly wrote sixteen words: "To defeat Lord Cao, must use fire attack; everything is ready, only missing the easternly wind."
* to provide or prepare against; to take precautions against
    攻其不備／攻其不备 ― gōngqíbùbèi ― to attack when the enemy is unprepared
    以備不時之需／以备不时之需 ― yǐ bèi bùshízhīxū ― for unexpected future use
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Jūnzǐ yuē: “Bùbèi bùyú, bùkěyǐ shī.” [Pinyin]
    The gentleman said: "One who is not prepared against the unexpected cannot command troops."
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Jiāng bīng běitún Xiàqūyáng, bèi Xiōngnú. [Pinyin]
    (Ma Wu) led his troops, whom he stationed north – at Xiaquyang – to defend against the Xiongnu.
* equipment
    軍備／军备 ― jūnbèi ― armament; arms
* to possess
    才德兼備／才德兼备 ― cáidéjiānbèi ― to possess both ability and integrity
* complete
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Jū wū zài. Rén shì yě. Lù wū zài. Yì shì yě. Jūrén yóuyì, dàrén zhī shìbèi yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Wherever you dwell, make it Humane; whatever course you travel, make it Just. Abiding in humaneness and acting through fairness—this is how the great man completes his work
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zhōugōng wèi Lǔgōng yuē: “Jūnzǐ bù chí qí qīn, bù shǐ dàchén yuàn hū bù yǐ. Gùjiù, wú dàgù, zé bù qì yě. Wú qiú bèi yú yīrén.” [Pinyin]
    The Duke of Zhou said to Duke of Lu: "The gentleman does not neglect his kinsmen, does not make the great ministers grudge over being not used, and certainly does not reject old friends without great causes. Neither does he not seek perfection in one man."
* fully
    備受關注／备受关注 ― bèi shòu guānzhù ― to attract a lot of attention
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Nǎi mìng zhǒngzǎi, nóngshì bèi shōu. [Pinyin]
    Orders are also given to the chief minister, after the fruits of husbandry have all been gathered in, […]

#### Compounds

* 不備 / 不备 (bùbèi)
* 乘人不備 / 乘人不备
* 乘其不備 / 乘其不备
* 俱備 / 俱备 (jùbèi)
* 備件 / 备件 (bèijiàn)
* 備份 / 备份 (bèifèn)
* 備位 / 备位
* 備取 / 备取 (bèiqǔ)
* 備受好評 / 备受好评
* 備受威脅 / 备受威胁
* 備受矚目 / 备受瞩目
* 備受禮遇 / 备受礼遇
* 備品 / 备品 (bèipǐn)
* 備嘗憂患 / 备尝忧患
* 備嘗艱苦 / 备尝艰苦
* 備嘗辛苦 / 备尝辛苦
* 備妥 / 备妥
* 備安庫 / 备安库
* 備家 / 备家
* 備役 / 备役
* 備忘錄 / 备忘录 (bèiwànglù)
* 備悉 / 备悉
* 備戰 / 备战 (bèizhàn)
* 備料 / 备料 (bèiliào)
* 備查 / 备查 (bèichá)
* 備案 / 备案 (bèi'àn)
* 備注 / 备注 (bèizhù)
* 備用 / 备用 (bèiyòng)
* 備用品 / 备用品 (bèiyòngpǐn)
* 備用車胎 / 备用车胎
* 備禦 / 备御 (bèiyù)
* 備細 / 备细
* 備考 / 备考 (bèikǎo)
* 備而不用 / 备而不用 (bèi'érbùyòng)
* 備耕 / 备耕 (bèigēng)
* 備胎 / 备胎 (bèitāi)
* 備荒 / 备荒 (bèihuāng)
* 備補 / 备补
* 備言 / 备言 (bèiyán)
* 備註 / 备注 (bèizhù)
* 備詢 / 备询
* 備身府 / 备身府
* 備辦 / 备办 (bèibàn)
* 備陳 / 备陈
* 備馬 / 备马 (bèimǎ)
* 儲備 / 储备 (chǔbèi)
* 儲備幹部 / 储备干部
* 儲備銀行 / 储备银行 (chǔbèi yínháng)
* 內備 / 内备
* 全備 / 全备 (quánbèi)
* 兵備 / 兵备
* 具備 / 具备 (jùbèi)
* 兼備 / 兼备 (jiānbèi)
* 冷氣設備 / 冷气设备
* 出其不備 / 出其不备
* 劉備 / 刘备
* 劉備失箸 / 刘备失箸
* 吉備真備 / 吉备真备
* 周備 / 周备
* 周邊設備 / 周边设备 (zhōubiān shèbèi)
* 國際準備 / 国际准备
* 圓備 / 圆备
* 報備 / 报备 (bàobèi)
* 夜視設備 / 夜视设备
* 守備 / 守备 (shǒubèi)
* 守備率 / 守备率
* 完備 / 完备 (wánbèi)
* 常備不懈 / 常备不懈
* 常備兵 / 常备兵 (chángbèibīng)
* 常備兵役 / 常备兵役
* 常備軍 / 常备军 (chángbèijūn)
* 後備 / 后备 (hòubèi)
* 後備軍人 / 后备军人
* 德容兼備 / 德容兼备
* 德才兼備 / 德才兼备 (décáijiānbèi)
* 必備 / 必备 (bìbèi)
* 戒備 / 戒备 (jièbèi)
* 戰備 / 战备 (zhànbèi)
* 戰備跑道 / 战备跑道
* 才德兼備 / 才德兼备 (cáidéjiānbèi)
* 排備 / 排备
* 掩其不備 / 掩其不备
* 掩其無備 / 掩其无备
* 推崇備至 / 推崇备至 (tuīchóngbèizhì)
* 揚揚無備 / 扬扬无备
* 攻其不備 / 攻其不备 (gōngqíbùbèi)
* 攻其無備 / 攻其无备 (gōngqíwúbèi)
* 整備 / 整备 (zhěngbèi)
* 文修武備 / 文修武备
* 文武兼備 / 文武兼备
* 有備無患 / 有备无患 (yǒubèiwúhuàn)
* 有備而來 / 有备而来 (yǒubèi'érlái)
* 材能兼備 / 材能兼备
* 核備 / 核备
* 機器設備 / 机器设备
* 武備 / 武备
* 毫不為備 / 毫不为备
* 求備 / 求备
* 求全責備 / 求全责备
* 消防設備 / 消防设备
* 準備 / 准备 (zhǔnbèi)
* 準備金 / 准备金 (zhǔnbèijīn)
* 火備 / 火备
* 無一不備 / 无一不备
* 百廢備舉 / 百废备举
* 空調設備 / 空调设备
* 籌備 / 筹备 (chóubèi)
* 置備 / 置备 (zhìbèi)
* 美備 / 美备
* 聊備一格 / 聊备一格 (liáobèiyīgé)
* 聊復備數 / 聊复备数
* 自備 / 自备 (zìbèi)
* 衛浴設備 / 卫浴设备
* 衛生設備 / 卫生设备 (wèishēng shèbèi)
* 裝備 / 装备 (zhuāngbèi)
* 製備 / 制备 (zhìbèi)
* 設備 / 设备 (shèbèi)
* 該備 / 该备
* 謀勇兼備 / 谋勇兼备
* 警備 / 警备 (jǐngbèi)
* 警備區 / 警备区
* 警備森嚴 / 警备森严
* 豫備 / 豫备 (yùbèi)
* 責備 / 责备 (zébèi)
* 貯備 / 贮备 (zhùbèi)
* 購備 / 购备
* 趁人不備 / 趁人不备
* 軍備 / 军备 (jūnbèi)
* 辦備 / 办备
* 配備 / 配备 (pèibèi)
* 醇備 / 醇备
* 野戰裝備 / 野战装备
* 鑒核備查 / 鉴核备查
* 關懷備至 / 关怀备至 (guānhuáibèizhì)
* 防備 / 防备 (fángbèi)
* 防火設備 / 防火设备
* 隄備 / 隄备
* 電化設備 / 电化设备
* 電氣設備 / 电气设备
* 預備 / 预备 (yùbèi)
* 預備役 / 预备役 (yùbèiyì)
* 預備金 / 预备金
* 養兒備老 / 养儿备老
* 齊備 / 齐备 (qíbèi)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* equip, provision

#### Readings

* Go-on: び (bi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ひ (hi)
* Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 備える, Jōyō)、そなわる (sonawaru, 備わる, Jōyō)、つぶさに (tsubusani, 備に)
* Nanori: そなう (sonau)、たる (taru)、とも (tomo)、なが (naga)、なり (nari)、のぶ (nobu)、まさ (masa)、みつ (mitsu)、みな (mina)、よ (yo)、よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

#### Compounds

* 備(び)蓄(ちく) (bichiku, “emergency stores”)
* 備(び)品(ひん) (bihin, “fixtures”)
* 準(じゅん)備(び) (junbi, “preparation”)
* 装(そう)備(び) (sōbi, “equipment”)

#### Usage notes

The printed form of this character typically differs from its handwritten form, with the latter nearly matching the Traditional Chinese form.

## Korean
### Hanja

備 (eumhun 갖출 비 (gatchul bi))
* hanja form of 비 (“equip, provision”)

#### Compounds

* 준비 (準備, junbi, “preparation”)
* 비축 (備蓄, bichuk, “reserve”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

備: Hán Nôm readings: bị, bẹ, bợ, vựa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.