# 种

| 种 | U+79CD, &#31181; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79CD |
| ← 秌 [U+79CC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 秎 → [U+79CE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

种 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中 (HDL), four-corner 2590$_6$, composition ⿰禾中)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24942
* Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2593, character 13
* Unihan data for U+79CD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 中 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忠 | *tuŋ |
| 衷 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忡 | *tʰuŋ |
| 浺 | *tʰuŋ |
| 盅 | *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 种 | *duŋ |
| 沖 | *duŋ |
| 翀 | *duŋ |
| 仲 | *duŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *duŋ): semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs).

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 种 – see 種 (“seed; kernel; cereal; clan; ethnic group; ethnicity; race; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 種).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2

Altered from the original surname 仲 (MC drjuwngH).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhóng (zhong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhóng
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^2$
*** Yale: júng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jorng
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^4$
*** Yale: chùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiông
*** Tâi-lô: thiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɔŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: drjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 种 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直弓切 |
| Baxter | drjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*duŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 种 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17415 |
| Phonetic component | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蟲 |
| Old Chinese | /*duŋ/ |

#### Definitions

种
* a surname
    种輯／种辑 ― Chóng Jí ― Chong Ji (politician in the Han Dynasty)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02936-004

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)
* Kun: おさない (osanai, 种い)、わかい (wakai, 种い)

## Korean
### Hanja

种 (eum 충 (chung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

种: Hán Nôm readings: chủng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.