OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܡܛܒ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Univerbation of ܡܵܐ (mā) +‎ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ṭāḇā), literally “what good”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɑːtˤɑwː]

### Adverb

ܡܵܛܵܒ݂ • (māṭāḇ)
* (colloquial, dialectal, interrogative) how?
    Synonyms: ܕܵܐܟ݂ܝܼ (dāḵī), ܐܲܝܟܲܢܵܐ (aykannā)
    ܡܵܛܵܒ݂ ܒܪܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇؟ ― māṭāḇ brē lāh? ― How did that happen?
    ܡܵܛܵܒ݂ܸܬ؟ ― māṭāḇit? ― How are you? (to a male)
    ܡܵܛܵܒ݂ܲܬܝ؟ ― māṭāḇat? ― How are you? (to a female)
    ܡܵܛܵܒ݂ܝܼܬܘܿܢ؟ ― māṭāḇītōn? ― How are you? (to a group)
# ܕܥܝܟܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Passive participle of the verb ܕܵܥܹܟ݂ (dāˁēḵ, “to quench; to be/become extinguished”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [dəʕiːxɑː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [diːxa]

### Adjective

ܕܥܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ • (dˁīḵā) (feminine ܕܥܝܼܟ݂ܬܵܐ (dˁīḵtā), plural ܕܥܝܼ̈ܟ݂ܹܐ (dˁīḵē))
* turned off, switched off, off, extinguished, unlit
    Synonym: ܟ̰ܡܝܼܥܵܐ (čmīˁā)
    Antonym: ܠܗܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ (lhīḇā)
    ܟܠܗܘܿܢ ܫܪ̈ܵܓ݂ܵܬ݂ܹܐ ܕܥܝܼ̈ܟ݂ܹܐ ܝܢܵܐ.kullhōn šrāḡāṯē dˁīḵē ìnā.All the lights are off.
    ܢܘܼܪܵܐ ܕܥܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ― nūrā dˁīḵā ìlēh ― The fire is gone out.

#### Usage notes

This is used to describe things which have turned off or gone out by their own, not caused to be turn off. The adjective ܡܘܼܕܥܟ݂ܵܐ (mudˁḵā) is used to describe things which have been caused to turn off.
# ܡܨܠܡ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Intensitive stem derived from the noun ܨܲܠܡܵܐ (ṣalmā, “image”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [məsˤallɪm.]

### Verb

ܡܨܲܠܸܡ • (mṣallim)
* (transitive) to imagine, envision, picture
    ܡܨܘܼܠܸܡ ܠܵܗ̇ ܦܝܼܠܵܐ ܘܲܪܘܿܕ݂ܵܐ.mṣūlim lāh pīlā warōḏā.She imagined a pink elephant.
    ܨܲܠܸܡ ܚܲܕ݇ ܥܵܠܡܵܐ ܒܠܲܝ ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ.ṣallim ḥa ˁālmā blay qrāḇā.Imagine a world without war.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/D-strong|ܨ|ܠ|ܡ}}
# ܡܨܚ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Causative verb derived from ܨܚܵܚܬܵܐ (ṣḥāḥtā, “transcription”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [masˤsˤɪx.]

### Verb

ܡܲܨܸܚ • (maṣṣiḥ)
* to ; to change or alter
    Synonyms: ܡܥܲܬܸܕ݂ (mˁattiḏ), ܡܬܲܪܸܨ (mtarriṣ), ܡܲܪܝܸܙ (maryiz)
    ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܡܲܨܚܸܬ ܠܵܗ̇ ܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܬܵܐ، ܣܲܓܝܼ ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܝܲܪܝܼܟܬ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇.wālē d-maṣḥit lāh kṯāḇtā, sagī yatīr yarīkṯā ìlāh.You need to edit the writing, it is too long.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/C-weak-d|ܨ|ܚ}}
# ܫܚܪ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Inherited from Aramaic [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃaːxeːr]

### Verb

ܫܵܚܹܪ • (šāḥēr)
* to become black, sooty
* (figurative) to be exhausted from working
    ܐܸܒܪܘܼܟ݂ ܒܲܛܝܼܠܵܐ ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܒܵܥܹܐ ܕܫܵܚܹܪ ܐܘܼܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܩܸܨܵܐibrūḵ baṭīlā lā kē bāˁē dšāḥēr ūp ḥa qiṣṣāYour lazy son doesn’t want to be tired from working even a little!

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-strong|ܫ|ܚ|ܪ}}
# ܐܝܟܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic אַיכָּא (ˀaykā), from אַי (ˀay) + כָּא (kā, “here”), hence from Proto-Semitic *ʔayy-.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʔajkaː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ʔiːt͡ʃaː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ʔeːkaː]

### Adverb

ܐܲܝܟܵܐ • (aykā)
* (interrogative) where (In, at or to which place or situation)
    ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ؟ ― aykā ìwet? ― Where are you?
    ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܗܘܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ؟ ― aykā hwē lāḵ? ― Where were you born?
* (relative, colloquial) where (In, at or to the place (that) or a place (that))
    ܐܵܙܲܠ݇ܚ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܛܸܠܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ.āzaḥ aykā īṯ ṭillānīṯā.Let’s go where there’s shade.
* (conditional, with ܕ-) where (In, at or to any place (that); wherever; anywhere)
    ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܐܵܙܹܠ ܗܠܘܿܟ݂ ܒܵܬ݂ܪܹܗ.aykā d-āzēl hlōḵ bāṯrēh.Follow him wherever he goes.

#### Derived terms

* ܟܠ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ (kul aykā, “wherever”)
* ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܗܵܘܹܐ (aykā dhāwē, “wherever, anywhere”)
* ܡܐܲܝܟܵܐ (mˀaykā)
* ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕ- (aykā d-, “where (relative)”)
* ܟܲܝܠܹܗ (kaylēh)

## Turoyo
### Etymology

Inherited from Aramaic איכא (ˀaykā), from אַי (ˀay) + כָּא (kā, “here”), hence from Proto-Semitic *ʔayy-.

### Adverb

ܐܰܝܟܳܐ • (ayko)
* (interrogative) where (In, at or to which place or situation)
    ܐܰܝܟܳܐ ܝܳܐ؟ ― ayko yo? ― Where is he/she?
    ܐܰܝܟܳܐ ܗܰܘܰܬ؟ ― ayko hawat? ― Where were you born?

#### Derived terms

* ܡܰܝܟܳܐ (mayko, “from where”)
* ܠܰܝܟܳܐ (layko, “to where”)
# إسرائيلي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl, “Israel”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔis.raː.ʔiː.lijj/

### Adjective

إِسْرَائِيلِيّ • (ʔisrāʔīliyy) (feminine إِسْرَائِيلِيَّة (ʔisrāʔīliyya), masculine plural إِسْرَائِيلِيُّونَ (ʔisrāʔīliyyūna), feminine plural إِسْرَائِيلِيَّات (ʔisrāʔīliyyāt))
* Israeli

#### Declension
### Noun

إِسْرَائِيلِيّ • (ʔisrāʔīliyy) m (plural إِسْرَائِيلِيُّونَ (ʔisrāʔīliyyūna), feminine إِسْرَائِيلِيَّة (ʔisrāʔīliyya))
* Israelite
    سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ جَبِيرُولَ الْإِسْرَائِيلِيُّ الْفَيْلَسُوفُsulaymānu bnu jabīrūla al-ʔisrāʔīliyyu al-faylasūfuSolomon ibn Gabirol, the Israelite, the Philosopher
* Israeli

#### Related terms

* إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl)
# سيارة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Tool noun formed from the characteristic adjective of سَارَ (sāra, “to move, to travel”), as سَيَّار (sayyār, “moving frequently”) +‎ ـَة (-a). cognate to the Hebrew root סי"ר

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saj.jaː.ra/
** (Kuwait) IPA: /səj.jɑː.rə/
** (Morocco) IPA: /sij.jaː.ra/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

سَيَّارَة • (sayyāra) f (plural سَيَّارَات (sayyārāt))
* automobile, car, motorcar
* (collective) caravan, travellers
    Synonym: قَافِلَة (qāfila)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:19:وَجَاءَتْ سَيَّارَةٌ فَأَرْسَلُوا وَارِدَهُمْ فَأَدْلَى دَلْوَهُ قَالَ يَا بُشْرَى هَٰذَا غُلَامٌ وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَاعَةً وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَwa-jāʔat sayyāratun fa-ʔarsalū wāridahum fa-ʔadlā dalwahu qāla yā bušrā hāḏā ḡulāmun wa-ʔasarrūhu biḍāʕatan wa-l-lahu ʕalīmun bi-mā yaʕmalūnaAnd there came some travellers, and they sent their water-boy who let down his bucket into the well. He cried out, “Oh, what a great find! Here is a boy!” And they took him secretly ˹to be sold˺ as merchandise, but Allah is All-Knowing of what they did.
* (dated, by ellipsis of كَوْكَب سَيَّار (kawkab sayyār)) planet

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: səyyarə
* → Chagatai: سیاره
** Uyghur: سەييارە (seyyare)
** Uzbek: sayyora
* → Ottoman Turkish: سیاره (seyyâre)
** Turkish: seyyare
** Crimean Tatar: seyyare
* → Persian: سیاره (sayyâre)
** → Urdu: سیارہ (sayyārā)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سيار”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سير”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic سَيَّارَة (sayyāra).

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /səjːɑːrə/

### Noun

سيارة • (sayyāra) f (construct state سيارة (sayyārat), plural سيايير (siyāyīr) or سيارات (sayyārāt))
* car, automobile, motorcar
    امس وديت السيارة القراج عشان يغيرون الزيت.I took the car to the mechanic yesterday to change the oil

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic سَيَّارَة (sayyāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saj.jaː.ra/

### Noun

سيّارة • (sayyāra) f (plural سيّارات (sayyārāt))
* car

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic سَيَّارَة (sayyāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saj.jaː.ra/, [sajˈjɑː.rɑ]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Noun

سيّارة • (sayyāra) f (plural سيّارات (sayyārāt))
* car, automobile
# منطقة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Tool noun from the root ن ط ق (n ṭ q).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min.tˤa.qa/, /man.tˤi.qa/
** (Egyptian) IPA: /mɑnˈtˤeʔɑ/
** (Gulf Arabic (dialectal)) IPA: /mənˈtˤəɡə/
*** (Kuwait) IPA: /mənˈtˤəqə/
** (Hijazi) IPA: /manˈtˤiɡa/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /min.tˤa.qa/
* Audio:(file)
** (Najdi) IPA: /manˈtˤəɡa/
** (South Levantine) IPA: /ˈmɑn.tˤɪ.ʔɑ/

#### Noun

مِنْطَقَة • (minṭaqa) f (plural مِنْطَقَات (minṭaqāt) or مَنَاطِق (manāṭiq))
مَنْطِقَة • (manṭiqa) f (plural مَنْطِقَات (manṭiqāt) or مَنَاطِق (manāṭiq))
* zone
* vicinity, range, district, area, territory, sphere
* military sector
* (Kuwait) area, an administrative subdivision of Kuwait
* (Saudi Arabia) province
* belt, girdle

##### Usage notes

In the time of ʿUmar a زُنَّار (zunnār) would mean a belt worn by Christians, Jews, Sabians, Magians and other non-Muslims; for it had become fashionable in the Byzantine Empire under Diocletian and Constantine to wear a ζώνη (zṓnē) or cingulum which was first a symbol of servitude in public office and then in religious office. For Zoroastrians parallelly the conviction developed to wear a كُسْتِيج (kustīj, “belt”), whereas Babylonian Jews wore a هِمْيَان (himyān) הֶמְיָנָא (hemyānā, “belt”). Public officials in the Iranian empire wore a كَمَر (kamar, “belt”) without which no Iranian of distinction would go out, termed in Arabic مِنْطَقَة (minṭaqa, “belt”). With the new Muslim rulers the former girdles were imposed and the كَمَر (kamar) or مِنْطَقَة (minṭaqa) prohibited for non-Muslims. An Arabic term for “girdle” neutral from the beginning is حِزَام (ḥizām).

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: məntəqə
* → Indonesian: mintakat
* → Persian: منطقه (mantaqe)
** Tajik: минтақа (mintaqa)
* → Ottoman Turkish: منطقه
** Turkish: mıntıka, mıntaka
* → Urdu: منطقہ
* → Uzbek: mintaqa

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /man.tˤa.qa/

#### Noun

مَنْطَقَة • (manṭaqa) f
* verbal noun of مَنْطَقَ (manṭaqa) (form Iq)

##### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَنْطِقَة (manṭiqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /man.tˤi.ɡa/, [ˈman.tˤɪ.ɡa]

### Noun

منطقة • (manṭiga) f (plural مناطق (manāṭig) or منطقات (manṭigāt))
* zone
* vicinity, range, district, area, territory, sphere
* region
* province

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic مَنْطِقَة (manṭiqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /man.tˤi.ʔa/, [ˈmɑn.tˤɪ.ʔɑ]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Noun

منطقة • (manṭiʔa) f (plural مناطق (manāṭeʔ))
* area, region
# ؟

| ؟ | U+061F, &#1567; ARABIC QUESTION MARK |
| ← ؞ [U+061E] | Arabic | ؠ → [U+0620] |

## Translingual
### Punctuation mark

* Reversed eroteme (question mark).

#### Usage notes

* Commonly used in scripts that are written right‐to‐left, such as the Arabic script.

## Arabic
### Punctuation mark

* the question mark
    كَيْفَ حَالُك؟ ― kayfa ḥāluk? ― How are you?

## Central Kurdish
### Punctuation mark

* the question mark
    چۆنیت؟ ― çonît? ― How are you?

## N'Ko
### Punctuation mark

* the question mark

## Persian
### Punctuation mark

* the question mark
    ببخشید؟ ― bebaxšid? ― Excuse me?

## Urdu
### Punctuation mark

* the question mark
    ہمارا مقصد کیا ہے؟ ― hamārā maqsad kyā hai? ― What is our purpose?
# أسبوع
## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare with Hebrew שבוע (šavúaʿ, “week”) and Classical Syriac ܫܒܘܥܐ (šaḇoʿā, “week”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔus.buːʕ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

أُسْبُوع • (ʔusbūʕ) m (plural أَسَابِيع (ʔasābīʕ))
* week (unit of time)

#### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: اسبوع (ʔesboʕ)
* Gulf Arabic: إسبوع (ʔisbūʕ)
* Hijazi Arabic: أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
* Moroccan Arabic: أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)

### See also

* days of the week: أَيَّامُ الْأُسْبُوع (ʔayyāmu al-ʔusbūʕ) (appendix): الْأَحَد (al-ʔaḥad) · الْاِثْنَيْن (al-iṯnayn) · الثُّلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯulāṯāʔ) · الْأَرْبِعَاء (al-ʔarbiʕāʔ) · الْخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs) · الْجُمُعَة (al-jumuʕa) · السَّبْت (as-sabt)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أُسْبُوع (ʔusbūʕ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔus.buːʕ/, [ʔʊs.buːʕ]

### Noun

أسبوع • (ʔusbūʕ) m (plural أَسَابيع (ʔasābīʕ))
* week

#### See also

* سنة (sana)
* شهر (šahar)
* أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
* يوم (yōm)
* ساعة (sāʕa)
* دقيقة (dagīga)
* لحظة (laḥẓa)
* ثانية (ṯānya)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أُسْبُوع (ʔusbūʕ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔus.buːʕ/, [ʔʊsˈbuːʕ]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Noun

أسبوع • (ʔusbūʕ) m (plural أسابيع (ʔasābīʕ))
* week
    Synonym: جمعة (jumʕa)
    آخر الأسبوع ― ʔāḵer il-ʔusbūʕ ― the weekend
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### See also

* سنة (sane)
* شهر (šahr)
* أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
* يوم (yōm)
* ساعة (sāʕa)
* دقيقة (daʔīʔa)
* لحظة (laḥẓa)
* ثانية (ṯānye)
* days of the week: أيّام الأسبوع (ʔayyām il-ʔusbūʕ) (appendix): الأحد (il-ʔaḥad) · الإتنين (il-ʔitnēn) · التلاتا (it-talāta) · الأربعا (il-ʔarbiʕa) · الخميس (il-ḵamīs) · الجمعة (il-jumʕa) · السبت (is-sabt)
# ريال
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Spanish real.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ri.jaːl/

### Noun

رِيَال • (riyāl) m (plural رِيَالَات (riyālāt))
* riyal (the official currency of Saudi Arabia and Qatar).
    دَفَعْتُ لَهُ عَشَرَةَ رِيَالَاتٍdafaʕtu lahu ʕašarata riyālātinI paid him ten riyals
* rial (the official currency of Oman, Yemen, and Iran).
* real (the official currency of Brazil).
* real (any of a number of defunct currencies in the former Spanish and Portuguese Empires)

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: ريال (ryāl)
* → Malagasy: ariary
** → English: ariary
* → Persian: ریال (riyâl)
* → Swahili: riali

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

From one of the many variants of Arabic راجِل (rājil), رَجُل (rajul). Perhaps a backformation from the plural رَجّالة (rajjāla) or a singularisation of the plural رُجّال (rujjāl). Doublet of ريل (rayil, “husband”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rəˈjːɑːl/

#### Noun

ريال • (rayyāl) m (plural رِياييل (riyāyīl))
* man

### Etymology 2

From Arabic رِيَال (riyāl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rjɑːl/

#### Noun

ريال • (ryāl) m (dual ريالين (ryālēn), plural رْيالات (ryālāt))
* riyal, rial, real (currency)

## Malay
### Noun

ريال
* Jawi spelling of rial‎.
# خشب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa.ʃab/
* Noun:(file)

#### Noun

خَشَب • (ḵašab) m (plural أَخْشَاب (ʔaḵšāb) or خُشْبَان (ḵušbān) or خُشُب (ḵušub) or خُشْب (ḵušb))
* wood, lumber, timber

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Denominal verb derived from خَشَب (ḵašab, “wood”).

#### Verb

خَشَّبَ • (ḵaššaba) II (non-past يُخَشِّبُ (yuḵaššibu), verbal noun تَخْشِيب (taḵšīb))
* to lignify, to become woody, to become woodlike
* to line with wood, to panel, to wainscot

##### Conjugation
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خَشَب (ḵašab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈχə.ʃəb/

### Noun

خَشَب • (ḵašab) m (collective, singulative خشبة f (ḵšiba)) (before il- خَشَب (ḵašab))
* wood, lumber

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خَشَب (ḵašab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa.ʃab/, [ˈxa.ʃab]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

خشب • (ḵašab) m (collective, singulative خشبة f (ḵašabe), paucal خشبات (ḵašabāt), plural أخشاب (ʔaḵšāb))
* wood (material)
# ἀκριτομυθία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἀκριτόμυθος (akritómuthos) +‎ -ία (-ía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.kri.to.my.tʰí.a/ → /a.kri.to.myˈθi.a/ → /a.kri.to.miˈθi.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.kri.to.my.tʰí.a/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.kri.to.myˈtʰi.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.kri.to.myˈθi.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.kri.to.myˈθi.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.kri.to.miˈθi.a/

### Noun

ἀκριτομυθία • (akritomuthía) f (genitive ἀκριτομυθίας); first declension
* babbling

#### Derived terms

* ἀκριτομυθέω (akritomuthéō)

### References

* “ἀκριτομυθία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ἀκριτομυθία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* ἀκριτομυθία, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# ధన్వంతరి
## Telugu
### Noun

ధన్వంతరి • (dhanvantari) ? (plural ధన్వంతరులు)
* a name usually given to the physician of the gods

### References

* "ధన్వంతరి" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page {{{1}}}
# ÖV
## German
### Etymology

Abbreviation of öffentlicher Verkehr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /øːfaʊ/

### Noun

ÖV m
* public transport
# عارف
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of عَرَفَ (ʕarafa, “to know”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaː.rif/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

عَارِف • (ʕārif) (feminine عَارِفَة (ʕārifa), masculine plural عَارِفُونَ (ʕārifūna), feminine plural عَارِفَات (ʕārifāt) or عَوَارِف (ʕawārif), elative أَعْرَف (ʔaʕraf))
* knowing
* acquainted, familiar (بِ (bi) with)

#### Declension
### Noun

عَارِف • (ʕārif) m (feminine عَارِفَة (ʕārifa))
* expert, connoisseur
* (Tunisia) master

#### Declension
### Derived terms

* عَارِف بِالله (ʕārif bi-l-lāh)

### Descendants

* → Bashkir: Ғариф (Ğarif)
* → Classical Malay: عاريف (arif)
** → Malay: arif
*** → Indonesian: arif
* → Old Anatolian Turkish: عَارِفْ ('ārif)
** Azerbaijani: arif, Arif
** Gagauz: aarif
** Ottoman Turkish: عارف (arif)
*** Turkish: arif, Arif
*** → Albanian: Arif
* → Persian: عارف ('âref)
* → Tajik: ориф (orif), Ориф (Orif)
* → Tatar: Гариф (Ğarif)
* → Uzbek: orif, Orif

### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عرف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).

### Adjective

عارف • (ʕārif) (feminine عارفة (ʕarfa), masculine plural عارفين (ʕarfīn))
* knowing
    انتو عارفين انا مين. ― intu ʕarfīn ʔana mīn. ― You (pl.) know who I am.

## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).

### Adjective

عَارِفْ ('ārif)
* wise, skilled, knowledgeable, expert

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: arif, Arif
* Gagauz: aarif
* Ottoman Turkish: عارف (arif, Arif)
** Turkish: arif, Arif

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “arif”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish عَارِفْ ('ārif), which was borrowed from Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).

### Adjective

عارف • (arif)
* knowing, versed, skilled; an expert; especially, an adept in divine or mystical matters

### Proper noun

عارف • (arif)
* a male given name, Arif, from Arabic

#### Descendants

* Turkish: arif, Arif
* → Albanian: Arif

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عارف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔɑː.ˈɾif]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑː.ɾɪ́f]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑː.ɾɪ́f]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑː.ɾɪ́f]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔː.ɾíf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔɒː.ɹéf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔɔ.ɾíf]

### Noun

عارف • ('âref) (plural عارفان ('ârefân) or عارف‌ها ('âref-hâ) or عرفا ('orafâ))
* mystic, especially a sufi mystic

### Proper noun

عارف • ('âref)
* a male given name, Aref, from Arabic

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaː.rif/, [ˈʕæː.rɪf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Participle

عارف • (ʕāref) (feminine عارفة (ʕārfe), common plural عارفين (ʕārfīn))
* active participle of عرف (ʕirif, “to know”)
# ܡܒܙܒܙ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Reduplicated from ܒܵܐܹܙ (bāˀēz, “to spill”) or a denominal verb of ܒܸܙܵܐ (bizzā, “nipple”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [m(ə)baz.bɪz]

### Verb

ܡܒܲܙܒܸܙ • (mbazbiz)
* (transitive) to spurt, to squirt, to spray everywhere
    ܡܒܘܼܙܒܙܝܼܢ݇ ܠܹܗ ܡܲܝ̈ܵܐ ― mbuzbzī lēh mayyā ― he squirted the water
* (intransitive) to spurt, to squirt, to be sprayed everywhere
    ܡܒܘܼܙܒܸܙ ܠܹܗ ܚܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ ― mbuzbiz lēh ḥalḇā ― the milk spurted

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/Q-strong|ܒ|ܙ|ܒ|ܙ}}

#### Related terms

* ܡܒܲܪܒܸܙ (mbarbiz)
# ܙܝ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Derived from a form of Aramaic אֲזַל (ʾăzal, “to go”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ziː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ziː]

### Particle

ܙܝܼ • (zī)
* (non-auxillary and inflected) Used to form an immediate future tense.
    ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠܸܢ ܠܫܘܼܩܵܐ ― zīlin lšūqā ― I’m leaving now to the market.
* (auxillary or uninflected) Used to form a present progressive tense with a future aspect; going to
    ܙܝܼ ܐܵܡܪܹܢ ܠܹܗ ― zī āmrēn lēh ― I am going to tell him
** (with ܗ݇ܘܵܐ (wā)) Entails a past progressive action that preceded an ensuing occurrence or action in the past; was going to
    ܙܝܼ ܐܵܬ݂ܹܝܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܪܲܕܵܝܬܝܼ ܫܩܝܼܠܵܐ ܠܗܘܿܢzī āṯēn wā illā raddāytī šqīlā lhōnI was going to come but they took my car.

#### Usage notes

* In dialects which use this word, this word corresponds to “going to” in English, while the word ܒܸܕ (bid) corresponds to “will”. For example- ܒܸܕ ܐܵܟ݂ܠܸܢ (bid āḵlin, “I will eat”) but ܙܝܼ ܐܵܟ݂ܠܸܢ (zī āḵlin, “I am going to eat”).
* In the second usage only, this particle may stay as ܙܝܼ (zī) or optionally be inflected as a verb in which it specifically means “I am going to”, “You are going to”, etc. For the example above, this would be ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠܸܢ ܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܢ (zīlin āḵlēn) with the same meaning.

#### See also

* ܐܵܙܹܠ (āzēl, “to go”)
* ܒܸܬ (bit)
# ܫܘܝܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

Derived from the verb ܫܵܘܹܐ (šāwē, “to be equal; to be worth”); compare Hebrew שֹׁוִי (shóvi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃɑːwiːθɑː]

#### Noun

ܫܵܘܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ • (šāwīṯā) f sg (plural ܫܵܘ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (šāwyāṯā))
* value, worth
    ܟܹܐ ܡܲܩܕܸܪ ܫܵܘܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܸܫܠܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈.kē maqdir šāwīṯā d-ḥišlāṯī.He estimates the value of my jewellery.

##### See also

* ܕ̈ܡܲܝܵܐ (dmayyā)
* ܛܝܼܡܵܐ (ṭīmā)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃəwiːθɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ʃəwiːtɑː]

#### Adjective

ܫܘܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ • (šwīṯā) f sg (masculine ܫܸܘܝܵܐ (šiwyā), plural ܫܸ̈ܘܝܵܬ݂ܹܐ (šiwyāṯē))
* feminine of ܫܸܘܝܵܐ (šiwyā, “equal, even”)

#### Noun

ܫܘܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ • (šwīṯā) f sg (plural ܫܸ̈ܘܝܵܬ݂ܹܐ (šiwyāṯē) or ܫ̈ܘܝܼܵܬ݂ܹܐ (šwīyāṯē))
* Alternative form of ܬܸܫܘܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (tišwīṯā, “bed; bedding, mattress”)
# ܕܪܓܐ ܕܚܡܝܡܘܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Calque of Arabic دَرَجَة اَلْحَرَارَة (darajat al-ḥarāra)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [dar.ɣɑː‿dəxam.miːmuːθɑː]

### Noun

ܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܲܡܝܼܡܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ • (darḡā d-ḥammīmuṯā) m (plural ܕܲܪ̈ܓ݂ܹܐ ܕܚܲܡܝܼܡܘܼܬܵܐ (darḡē d-ḥammīmuṯā))
* (physics, weather) temperature
    ܟܡܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܲܡܝܼܡܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܠܒܲܪܵܐ؟kmā ìlēh darḡā d-ḥamīmūṯā l-barrā?What’s the temperature outside?
# ܫܓܫ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܫܵܥܹܫ (šāˁēš)

### Etymology

From Aramaic שְׁגַשׁ (šəḡaš).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃɑːɣeʃː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ʃɑːjeʃː]

### Verb

ܫܵܓ݂ܹܫ • (šāḡēš)
* (intransitive) to shake, tremble
    ܛܘܼܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܫܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܗܘܿܢ ― ṭūrānē šḡīš lhōn ― The mountains shook.
* (transitive) to shake
    ܫܓ݂ܘܿܫ ܠܵܗ̇!! ― šḡōš lāh!! ― Shake it!
    ܫܵܓ݂ܫܲܚ ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܹܐ. ― šāḡšaḥ īḏāṯē. ― Let’s shake hands.
* (intransitive) to be/become disturbed, troubled, confused
    Synonyms: ܡܒܲܠܒܸܠ (mbalbil), ܬܵܘܹܗ (tāwēh)
    ܫܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܹܗ ܟܸܢܫܵܐ. ― šḡīš lēh kinšā. ― The crowd became disturbed.
* (transitive) to stir up a rebellion, to rebel, to riot
    Synonym: ܡܵܪܹܕ݂ (mārēḏ)

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-strong|ܫ|ܓ݂|ܫ}}

#### Derived terms

* ܡܲܫܓ݂ܸܫ (mašḡiš)
# ܛܥܦ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤɑːʕɪp.]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [taʔɪp.]
* (Urmia) IPA: [tˤɑːjɪp.]

### Verb

ܛܵܥܹܦ • (ṭāˁēp)
* (transitive) to fold (clothes, paper, etc.)
    ܛܥܘܿܦ ܠܒ݂ܘܼܫ̈ܘܿܟ݂ ― ṭˁōp lḇūšōḵ ― fold your clothes
** Hebrews 1:12
    ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܥܵܒܵܝܬܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܛܵܥܦܹܬ ܠܗܘܿܢ؛ ܘܐܲܝܟ݂ ܠܒ݂ܝܼܫܬܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܫܲܚܠܸܦܝܼ. ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܲܢ݇ܬ ܒܸܬ ܗܵܘܹܝܬ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܕܝܼܘܸܬ، ܘܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ ܠܹܐ ܬܵܝܡܝܼ.ayḵ ˁābāytā bit ṭāˁpēt lhōn; w-ayḵ lḇīštā bit šaḥlipī. īnā at bit hāwēt ayḵ d-īwet, w-šinūḵ lē tāymī.Like a cloak You will fold them up, And they will be changed. But You are the same, And Your years will not fail.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-strong|ܛ|ܥ|ܦ}}

### References

* “ܛܵܥܹܦ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 October 31 (last accessed)
# ܪܐܚ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [raːʔexː]

### Verb

ܪܵܐܹܚ • (rāˀēḥ)
* to breathe easily
* (transitive) to smell
    Synonym: ܡܲܪܝܸܚ (maryiḥ)
    ܟܹܐ ܡܵܨܹܝܢ ܪܵܝܚܹܢ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܪܲܓ݂ܝܵܐ.kē māṣēn rāyḥēn laḥmā raḡyā.I can smell fresh bread.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-weak-2i|ܪ|ܚ}}