OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܦܪܣ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

From Aramaic פָּרָס (pārās), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /⁠Pārsa⁠/); compare Hebrew פָּרָס (parás, “Persia”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [pɑːresː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [pɑːrɪsː]

#### Proper noun

ܦܵܪܹܣ • (pārēs) f
* (historical, archaic) Persia (the former term referring to Iran)
** Esther 1:18:
    ܒܐܵܗܵܐ ܝܵܘܡܵܐ ܡܵܪ̈ܵܬܹܐ ܕܦܵܪܹܣ ܘܡܵܕܵܝ ܕܫܡܝܼܥ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܠܥܒ݂ܵܕܵܐ ܕܡܲܠܟܬܵܐ، ܒܸܬ ܥܵܒ݂ܕܝܼ ܗܵܕܵܐ ܥܲܡ ܟܠܵܝܗܝ ܓܘܼܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܕܡܲܠܟܵܐ، ܘܠܹܐ ܗܵܘܹܐ ܬܝܵܡܵܐ ܠܡܲܣܠܵܝܬܵܐ ܘܟܲܪܒܵܐ.b-āhā yāwmā mārātē dpārēs w-mādāy dšmīˁ lhōn lˁḇādā dmalktā, bit ˁāḇdī hādā ˁam kullāyh gūrānē dmalkā, w-lē hāwē tyāmā lmaslāytā w-karbā.This very day the noble ladies of Persia and Media will say to all the king’s officials that they have heard of the behaviour of the queen. Thus there will be excessive contempt and wrath.

##### Derived terms

* ܦܵܪܣܵܝܵܐ (pārsāyā, “Persian”)
* ܦܵܪܣܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (pārsāˀīṯ, “Farsi, Persian (language)”)

##### See also

* ܐܝܼܪܵܢ (īrān, “Iran”)

### Etymology 2

From Aramaic פְּרַס (pəras); related to Hebrew פָּרַשׂ (parás) and Arabic فَرَشَ (faraša).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [pɑːresː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [pɑːrɪsː]

#### Verb

ܦܵܪܹܣ • (pārēs)
* to spread
    ܗܵܢܵܐ ܟܘܼܪܗܵܢܵܐ ܚܲܕܬܵܐ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܦܵܪܹܣ ܒܲܥܓ݂ܲܠ.hānā kurhānā ḥadtā rābā kē pārēs baˁḡal.This new disease spreads really quickly.
* to stretch out
* to extend, to expand

##### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-strong|ܦ|ܪ|ܣ}}
# ܚܡܝܡܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic חַמִּימָא (ḥamīmā); compare Arabic حَمِيم (ḥamīm) and Hebrew חַם (kham). Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [xam.miːmɑː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [xamiːmɑː]

### Adjective

ܚܲܡܝܼܡܵܐ • (ḥamīmā) (feminine ܚܲܡܝܼܡܬܵܐ (ḥamīmtā), plural ܚܲܡܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (ḥamīmē))
* (physically) hot (relating to having or giving off a high temperature)
    Antonym: ܩܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ (qarīrā, “cold”)
    ܙܗܘܿܪ! ܡܲܩܠܝܵܐ ܚܲܡܝܼܡܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ.zhōr! maqlyā ḥamīmā ìlēh.Be careful! the pan is hot!
    ܐܝܼܬ ܡ̈ܝܼܵܐ ܚܲܡܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ ܒܟܠܹܗ ܝܵܘܡܵܐ؟īt mīyā ḥamīmē bkullēh yāwmā?Is there hot water all day?
* hot, spicy
    Synonyms: ܚܲܪܝܼܦܵܐ (ḥarīpā), ܨܲܪܘܼܦܵܐ (ṣarūpā)
* (slang) horny, excited, passionate, randy,
* (slang) enthusiastic, willing, up for

#### Usage notes

To express feeling the sensation of heat, possessive pronouns are added to ܚܸܡܵܐ (ḥimmā), e.g ܚܸܡܝܼ ܝܠܹܗ (ḥimī ìlēh, “I am hot”, literally “he (it) is my heat”).

#### See also

* ܚܸܡܬܵܐ (ḥimtā, “heat”)
* ܚܸܡܵܐ (ḥimmā, “heat, hot weather”)
# ܡܛܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic מְטָא (məṭā); compare Hebrew מָצָא (matsá, “to find”) and doublet of ܡܵܨܹܐ (māṣē, “to be able”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [mɑːtˤeː]

### Verb

ܡܵܛܹܐ • (māṭē)
* to arrive
    ܡܛܹܐ ܠܲܢ! ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܐܝܼܬ݂. ― mṭē lan! ḥārāˀīṯ. ― We finally made it!
    ܡܛܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ! ― mṭē lāh ˁiddānā! ― The time has come!
    ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܟܡܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܡܵܛܹܝܬܘܿܢ ܠܬܲܡܵܐ؟šāˁaṯ kmā bit māṭētōn l-tammā?What time do you arrive there?
    ܛܲܝܵܣܬܵܐ ܡܛܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܒܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܬܫܲܥ.ṭayyāstā mṭē lāh b-šāˁaṯ tšaˁ.The plane arrived at nine.
* to be able to reach
    ܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܵܛܝܵܐ ܠܵܗ̇īḏī lā kē māṭyā lāhMy hand is not able to reach it.
    ܢܘܼܪܵܐ ܡܛܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܡܵܬ݂ܲܢ. ― nūrā mṭē lēh māṯan. ― The fire reached our town.
    ܐܲܨܠܝܼ ܗ̇ܘ ܨܲܢܕܘܼܩܵܐ ܩܵܬܝܼ، ܡܸܛܠ ܐܲܢ݇ܬ ܟܹܐ ܡܵܨܹܝܬ ܡܵܛܹܝܬ ܠܹܗ.aṣlī awa ṣandūqā qātī, miṭṭul at kē māṣēt māṭēt lēh.Get me down that box, since you can reach it.
* to afford
    Synonyms: ܣܵܒ݂ܹܠ (sāḇēl), ܣܵܦܹܩ (sāpēq)
    ܠܹܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܒܸܡܛܵܝܵܐ ܠܐܝܼܕܝܼlē ìlēh bimṭāyā l-īdīI cannot afford it(literally, “It is not arriving to my hand.”)
* to mature, develop, grow, ripen
    Synonyms: ܫܵܠܹܡ (šālēm), ܓܲܪܘܸܣ (garwis)

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-weak-3i|ܡ|ܛ}}

### Interjection

ܡܵܛܹܐ • (māṭē)
* Affirmative yes in response to an especially personal or direct request for the performance of some action.
    ܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܬ ܫܠܵܡܹ̈ܐ ܠܝܸܡܘܼܟ݂ — ܐܹܝܢ ܡܵܛܹܐ.yāḇēt šlāmē l-yimmōḵ — ēn māṭē.Say hello to your mother — Yes will do (literally, “may it arrive”)
# ܒܘܫ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Persian بیش (biš).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [buʃː]

### Adverb

ܒܘܼܫ • (buš)
* more forming the comparative of adjectives and adverbs
    ܗ̇ܝ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܒܘܼܫ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܬܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܡ̣ܢ ܗ̇ܝ ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܝܬܵܐ.ayā šētā buš ānanqāytā ìlāh min ayā ḵārāytā.This year is more important than the last.
    ܗ̇ܘ ܐܲܬܪܵܐ ܒܘܼܫ ܥܲܬܝܼܪܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܬܵܐ.awā atrā buš ʿatīrā ìlēh min qamāytā.This country is wealthier than before.

#### See also

* ܝܲܬܝܼܪ (yatīr)
* ܒܨܝܼܪ (bṣīr)
# وحد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Compare وَاحِد (wāḥid, “one”).

#### Verb

وَحَدَ • (waḥada) I (non-past يَحِدُ (yaḥidu), verbal noun حِدَة (ḥida) or وَحْد (waḥd) or وَحْدَة (waḥda) or وُحُود (wuḥūd)) وَحِدَ • (waḥida) I (non-past يَوْحَدُ (yawḥadu), verbal noun حِدَة (ḥida) or وَحْد (waḥd) or وَحْدَة (waḥda) or وُحُود (wuḥūd)) وَحُدَ • (waḥuda) I (non-past يَوْحُدُ (yawḥudu), verbal noun وَحَادَة (waḥāda) or وُحُودَة (wuḥūda))
* to be single
* to be alone
* to be unique
* to be incomparable

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “وحد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “وحد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* “وحد” in Almaany

### Etymology 1.2

Causative of وَحَدَ (waḥada) and وَحِدَ (waḥida) and وَحُدَ (waḥuda).

#### Verb

وَحَّدَ • (waḥḥada) II (non-past يُوَحِّدُ (yuwaḥḥidu), verbal noun تَوْحِيد (tawḥīd))
* to unify, to unite, to reduce to one
    ووحَّد محمّدُ العربَ لأوّل مرّة على ديانة توحيدية ودولة موحّدة.Muhammad united the Arabs for the first time in a monotheistic religion and a unified state.[translit?]
* to regularize
* to consider as single or unique
* to profess the unity of
* to connect
* to combine

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “وحد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “وحد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Etymology 1.3
#### Noun

وَحْد • (waḥd) m
* verbal noun of وَحَدَ (waḥada, “to be single, alone, unique, incomparable”) (form I)
* verbal noun of وَحِدَ (waḥida, “to be single, alone, unique, incomparable”) (form I)
* solitude

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “وحد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

#### Adjective

وَحْد • (waḥd)
* by one's self (with pronoun affixes)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic وَحَّدَ (waḥḥada).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /waħ.ħad/, [ˈwaħ.ħad]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

وحّد • (waḥḥad) II (present بوحّد (biwaḥḥed), passive participle موّحد (mwaḥḥad))
* to unify, to unite, to combine

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic وَحْد (waḥd).

#### Adverb

وحد • (waḥd-)
* (with personal suffix) alone

##### Derived terms

* لوحد (la-waḥd-, “by oneself”)
# se'n sortir
## Occitan
### Verb

se'n sortir
* to overcome a difficult situation; to manage
# PG-13s
## English
### Noun

PG-13s
* plural of PG-13
# substituir
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin substituere, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [sups.ti.tuˈi]
* IPA: (Valencia) [sups.ti.tuˈiɾ]
* Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

### Verb

substituir (first-person singular present substitueixo, first-person singular preterite substituí, past participle substituït)
* (transitive) to substitute

#### Related terms

* substitució
* substitut

### Further reading

* “substituir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “substituir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “substituir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “substituir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Occitan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin substituō.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

substituir
* (Limousin, Gascony, Provençal) to substitute one thing for another

#### Related terms

* substitut
* substitucion

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin substituere.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtujʁ/ [su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯h], /subs.t͡ʃiˈtujʁ/ [subs.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯h]
* (Brazil) IPA: /su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtujʁ/ [su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯h], /subs.t͡ʃiˈtujʁ/ [subs.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯h]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtujɾ/ [su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯ɾ], /subs.t͡ʃiˈtujɾ/ [subs.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯ɾ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /su.biʃ.t͡ʃiˈtujʁ/ [su.biʃ.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯χ], /subʃ.t͡ʃiˈtujʁ/ [subʃ.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯χ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /subs.t͡ʃiˈtujɻ/ [subs.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯ɻ], /su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtujɻ/ [su.bis.t͡ʃiˈtuɪ̯ɻ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /subʃ.tiˈtujɾ/ [suβʃ.tiˈtujɾ]
* Hyphenation: subs‧ti‧tu‧ir

### Verb

substituir (first-person singular present substituo, first-person singular preterite substituí, past participle substituído)
* (transitive) to replace, substitute
    Minha perna se machucou durante o jogo de futebol, então outro jogador me substituiu.My leg was hurt during the soccer game, so another player replaced me.

#### Related terms

* substituição

### Further reading

* “substituir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /substiˈtwiɾ/ [suβ̞s.t̪iˈt̪wiɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: subs‧ti‧tuir

### Verb

substituir (first-person singular present substituyo, first-person singular preterite substituí, past participle substituido)
* Alternative form of sustituir

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “substituir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# temptar lo còp
## Occitan
### Verb

temptar lo còp (Provençal)
* to give it a try
# tornejar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From torn +‎ -ejar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [tur.nəˈʒa]
* IPA: (Balearic) [tor.nəˈʒa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [toɾ.neˈd͡ʒaɾ]

### Verb

tornejar (first-person singular present tornejo, first-person singular preterite tornegí, past participle tornejat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
* (transitive) to lathe
* to encircle
    Synonym: circuir

#### Derived terms

* torneig
* tornejament

### Further reading

* “tornejar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “tornejar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “tornejar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “tornejar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Occitan
### Etymology

From tornar +‎ -jar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuɾneˈd͡ʒa/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

tornejar
* to spin around
* to wheel
* to circle

#### Related terms

* tornejament
* torneg
* torna
* tornada
# tajki
## Upper Sorbian
### Alternative forms

* tajkile

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *takъ. Cognate with Lower Sorbian taki.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtajki/
* Rhymes: -ajki
* Hyphenation: taj‧ki
* Syllabification: taj‧ki

### Pronoun

tajki
* such
** 1862, Křesćan Bohuwěr Pful, Hornjołužiska serbska ryčnica na přirunowacym stejišću‎, volume 1, Z nakł. Maćicy Serbskeje, page 31:Tola tajke počinanje bjez swědomja je nimo.But such behavior without conscience is over.

#### Declension
### References

* “tajki” in Soblex
* Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “tajki”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 735
# क्लीबों
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kliː.bõː/

### Noun

क्लीबों • (klībõ) m
* oblique plural of क्लीब (klīb)
# motocampestre
## Italian
### Etymology

From moto- +‎ campestre.

### Adjective

motocampestre (plural motocampestri)
* (rare) cross-country (motor sports)

### Noun

motocampestre f (plural motocampestri)
* (rare) motocross
    Synonyms: motocross, (rare) motocrossismo, (rare) motopratismo

### Anagrams

* scompatteremo
# çəki
## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃæki], [t͡sæt͡ʃi]
* Hyphenation: çə‧ki

### Etymology 1

From çək- +‎ -i.

#### Noun

çəki (definite accusative çəkini, plural çəkilər)
* weight
    Synonyms: vəzn, ağırlıq
** 2015 January 1, Musavat.com‎:Tovuzda çəkisi 2 kiloqram olan limon yetişdirilir.In Tovuz, a lemon weighing 2 kilograms is being grown.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

çəki (definite accusative çəkini, plural çəkilər)
* sazan
    Synonyms: sazan, çəkibalığı

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “çəki” in Obastan.com.
# lipunang sibil
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From lipunan +‎ sibil.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /liˌpunaŋ siˈbil/ [lɪˌpuː.n̪ɐn̪ sɪˈbil]
* Rhymes: -il
* Syllabification: li‧pu‧nang si‧bil

### Noun

lipunang sibíl (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜉᜓᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎ᜔)
* civil society
    Synonym: lipunang pambayan
# మాధవము
## Telugu
### Etymology

From Sanskrit माधव (mādhava, “relating to the spring”) +‎ -ము (-mu).

### Noun

మాధవము • (mādhavamu) ? (plural మాధవములు)
* a poetical name of the second Telugu lunar month
* the spring season

#### Synonyms

* (month) వైశాఖము (vaiśākhamu)
* (season) వసంతము (vasantamu)

### See also

* seasons: కాలములు) (kālamulu)), ఋతువులు (r̥tuvulu): వసంతము (vasantamu) · వేసవికాలము (vēsavikālamu) · గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu) · వర్షాకాలము (varṣākālamu) · శరదృతువు (śaradr̥tuvu) · చలికాలము (calikālamu) · హేమంతము (hēmantamu) · శిశిరము (śiśiramu)

### References

"మాధవము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 972
# Ich-Laut
## German
### Alternative forms

* ich-Laut (officially nonstandard, but very common)
* Ichlaut (recommended by Duden, but quite rare)

### Etymology

From ich (“I”, first-person singular prounoun) +‎ Laut (“sound”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪçlaʊ̯t/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Ich-Laut m (strong, genitive Ich-Lauts or Ich-Lautes, plural Ich-Laute)
* ich-laut (the voiceless palatal fricative)
    Synonym: stimmloser palataler Frikativ/Reibelaut

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Coordinate terms

* Ach-Laut

#### Descendants

* → English: ich-laut
# Brendan
## English
### Alternative forms

* Brandon, Brenden, Brendon, Brennan

### Etymology

Anglicized form of the name of Irish saints, Irish Bréanainn (via Latin Brendanus), from Old Irish Brénainn, from Old Welsh breenhin (“prince, king”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *brigantīnos (“(someone) preeminent, outstanding”), a diminutive of *brigantī (“high, exalted”).

### Proper noun

Brendan
* A male given name from Irish.
** 2025 February 3, Brian Stelter, “The FCC’s battle with CBS over its Harris interview is raising red flags”, in CNN‎:That’s what prompted new FCC Chairman Brendan Carr to send a “letter of inquiry” to CBS, asking the network to hand over the unedited tapes and transcript.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Brendan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Branden

## Faroese
### Etymology

Germanic form of Latin Brendanus

### Proper noun

Brendan m
* a male given name

#### Usage notes

* son of Brendan: Brendansson
* daughter of Brendan: Brendansdóttir
# dwyreiniol
## Welsh
### Etymology

From dwyrain (“east”) +‎ -ol.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Adjective

dwyreiniol (feminine singular dwyreiniol, plural dwyreiniol, equative mor ddwyreiniol, comparative mwy dwyreiniol, superlative mwyaf dwyreiniol)
* eastern

#### Coordinate terms

* deheuol (“southern”)
* gogleddol (“northern”)
* gorllewinol (“western”)

#### Derived terms

* berwr dwyreiniol (“eastern rocket”)
* blodyn-y-cleddyf dwyreiniol (“eastern gladiolus”)
* cog ddwyreiniol (“oriental cuckoo”)
* colomen-graig ddwyreiniol (“eastern rock pigeon”)
* crëyr traethau dwyreiniol (“reef heron”)
* cwtiad-wennol dwyreiniol (“eastern collared pratincole”)
* delor cnau'r graig dwyreiniol (“eastern rock nuthatch”)
* ehedydd dwyreiniol (“oriental skylark”)
* gwennol glennydd ddwyreiniol (“eastern sand martin”)
* Gweriniaeth Ddwyreiniol Wrwgwái (“Oriental Republic of Uruguay”)
* gwylan ddwyreiniol y gweunydd (“eastern mew gull”)
* yr India Ddwyreiniol (“the East Indies”)
* llwyn-ehedydd dwyreiniol (“eastern singing bush lark”)
* llysiau'r llewpart dwyreiniol (“eastern leopard's-bane”)
* paladr-y-wal dwyreiniol (“eastern pellitory-of-the-wall”)
* pig-y-crëyr ddwyreiniol (“eastern stork's-bill”)
* telor cyrs dwyreiniol (“oriental reed warbler”)
* tylluan sgops ddwyreiniol (“oriental scops owl”)
* tylluan sgrech ddwyreiniol (“eastern screech owl”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “dwyreiniol”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dwyreiniol”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# Livineius
## Latin
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /liː.u̯iˈnei̯.i̯us/, [lʲiːu̯ɪˈnɛi̯ːʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /li.viˈne.jus/, [liviˈnɛːjus]

### Proper noun

Līvineius m sg (genitive Līvineiī or Līvineī); second declension
* a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name" famously held by:
** Livineius Regulus, a Roman senator

#### Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

### References

* “Livineius”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* Livineius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# Farsuleius
## Latin
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /far.suˈlei̯.i̯us/, [färs̠ʊˈɫ̪ɛi̯ːʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /far.suˈle.jus/, [färsuˈlɛːjus]

### Proper noun

Farsuleius m sg (genitive Farsuleiī or Farsuleī); second declension
* a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name" famously held by:
** Lucius Farsuleius Mensor, a Roman moneyer

#### Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
# ܡܚܕܬ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic חֲדַת (ḥăḏaṯ), from Proto-Semitic *ḥdṯ-; compare Arabic حَدُثَ (ḥaduṯa) and Hebrew חִדֵּשׁ (khidésh).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [məxad.diθ.]

### Verb

ܡܚܲܕܸܬ݂ • (mḥaddiṯ)
* (transitive) to update, modernise
    ܒܩܲܕ݇ܡܬܵܐ، ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܡܚܲܕܬ݂ܸܬ ܬܲܚܪܸܙܬܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܚܵܫܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ.bqamtā, wālē d-mḥadṯit taḥriztā ˁal ḥāšōḇā.Firstly, you must update the software on the computer.
* (transitive) to renew, renovate, restore
    ܫܡܝܼܥ ܠܝܼ ܕܡܚܲܕܘܼܬ݂ܹܐ ܝܢܵܐ ܒܲܝܬܗܘܿܢ.šmīˁ lī d-mḥadūṯē ìnā baythōn.I heard that they are renovating their house.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/D-strong|ܚ|ܕ|ܬ݂}}
# ܗܘܝܬ ܒܣܝܡܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Etymology

Literally, “May you be pleased”.

### Interjection

ܗܵܘܹܝܬ ܒܲܣܝܼܡܵܐ • (hāwēt basīmā)
* I appreciate it, thank you, thanks (to a man)
    ܬܵܘܕܝܼ، ܗܵܘܹܝܬ ܒܲܣܝܼܡܵܐ ܪܵܒܵܐ!tāwdī, hāwēt basīmā rābā!Thank you, I appreciate it a lot!(literally, “Thank you, may you be very pleased!”)

#### Usage notes

* This is used when said to a single male; the feminine singular is ܗܵܘܝܵܬܝ ܒܲܣܝܼܡܬܵܐ (hāwyāt basīmtā), and the plural is ܗܵܘܹܝܬܘܿܢ ܒܲܣܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (hāwētōn basīmē).

#### See also

* ܬܵܘܕܝܼ (tāwdī, “thank you”)
# ܐܢ ܒܣܡܐ ܠܘܟ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Etymology

Literally, “If it pleases you”. Compare the same in French s’il vous plaît.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [in.‿bɑsːmɑː‿loːx.]

### Phrase

ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܘܿܟ݂ • (in bāsmā lōḵ)
* (formal) please, if you please
    ܡܵܨܹܝܬ ܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܬ ܠܝܼ ܚܲܕ݇ܟ̰ܵܐ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܘܿܟ݂ ؟māṣēt yāḇēt lī ḥačā laḥmā in bāsmā lōḵ ?Can you give me some bread please ?

#### Usage notes

* This is used when said to a single male; the feminine singular is ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (in bāsmā lāḵ), and the plural is ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (in bāsmā lāwḵōn).

#### See also

* ܒܒ݂ܵܥܘܼ (bḇāˁū, “please”)
* ܢܹܐ (nē, “please”)
# ܛܠܒ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَلَبَ (ṭalaba), creating the denominal root

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤɑːlebː]

### Verb

ܛܵܠܹܒ • (ṭālēb)
* to ask for; request; order
    ܝܵܠܵܕ݇ܐ ܒܥܵܠܘܿܠܵܐ ܛܠܝܼܒ ܠܹܗ ܙܘܼܙܹ̈ܐ ܡܸܢܝܼ.yālā b-ˁālōlā ṭlīb lēh zūzē minī.A boy in the street asked me for money.
* to propose; get engaged; be betrothed
    ܒܪܵܬܝܼ ܛܠܝܼܒܬܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇. ― brātī ṭlībtā ìlāh. ― My daughter is engaged.
** Matthew 1:18:
    ܡܵܘܠܵܕܵܐ ܕܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ ܗܵܕܟ݂ܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ: ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܡܲܪܝܲܡ ܝܸܡܹܗ ܛܠܝܼܒܬܵ‌ܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܝܵܘܣܸܦ، ܡ̣ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡ ܫܲܪܲܟܬܵܝܗ‌ܝ ܦܝܼܫ ܠܵܗ̇ ܚܙܝܼܬܵ‌ܐ ܒܛܝܼܢܬܵ‌ܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕܫܵܐ.māwlādā d-īšōˁ mšīḥā hādḵā wē lēh: īman dmaryam yimmēh ṭlībtā‌ā ìwā lyāwsip, min qam šarraktāyh‌y pīš lāh ḥzītā‌ā bṭīntā‌ā min rūḥā dqudšā.Now the birth of Jesus Christ was as follows: After His mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-strong|ܛ|ܠ|ܒ}}

### See also

* (request): ܒܲܩܸܪ (baqir)
* (propose, betroth): ܡܵܟ݂ܹܪ (māḵēr)
# ܝܢ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Northern Kurdish یان (yan); related to Persian یا (yâ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [jan.]

### Conjunction

ܝܲܢ • (yan)
* Or
    ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܝܲܢ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܐ ― madnḵā yan maʿrwā ― East or west
    ܒܹܐ݇ܬܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܲܢ ܠܵܐ؟ ― bētāyā ìlēh yan lā? ― Is he coming or not?
    ܒܹܐ݇ܙܵܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܐܸܕܝܵܘܡ ܝܲܢ ܩܘܼܕܡܹܐ؟bēzālā ìwet idyāwm yan qudmē?Are you going today or tomorrow?
** Romans 8:35:
    ܡܵܢܝܼ ܒܸܬ ܦܵܪܹܫ ܠܲܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܕܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ؟ ܐܘܼܠܨܵܢܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܥܵܘܩܵܢܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܪܕܘܼܦܝܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܟܸܦܢܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܫܘܼܠܚܵܝܘܼܬܵ‌ܐ، ܝܲܢ ܩܹܘܲܢܕܹܢܘܿܣ، ܝܲܢ ܣܲܝܦܵܐ؟mānī bit pārēš lan min ḵubbā d-mšīḵā? ulṣānā, yan ʿāwqānā, yan rdupyā, yan kipnā, yan šulḵāyutā, yan qēwandēros, yan saypāWho shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?

#### See also

* ܘ- (w-)
* ܐܵܘ (āw)
# ܕܘܫ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܕܘܼܫܵܐ (dūšā)

### Etymology

Ultimately from French douche.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [duʃː]

### Noun

ܕܘܼܫ • (dūš) f (plural ܕܘܼܫܹ̈ܐ (dūšē) or ܕܘܼܫܵܬܹ̈ܐ (dūšātē))
* shower (device for bathing)
    ܕܲܟ݂ܝܼ ܠܵܗ̇ ܕܘܼܫ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡ ܦܵܝܫܵܐ ܫܸܚܬܵܢܬܵܐ!daḵī lāh dūš min qam pāyšā šiḥtāntā!Clean the shower before it becomes dirty!
* shower (an instance of washing under the above)

#### See also

* ܫܲܚܠܵܐ (šaḥlā)
# ܐܚܪܝܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From the older form *ܐܲܚܪܵܝܵܐ (*ˀaḥrāyā). Compare Classical Syriac ܐܲܚܪܵܝܵܐ, Turoyo ܚܰܪܳܝܐ (ḥaroyo).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [xɑːrɑːjɑː]

### Adjective

ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܝܵܐ • (ḥārāyā) (feminine ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܝܬܵܐ (ḥārāytā), plural ܐ݇ܚܵܪ̈ܵܝܹܐ (ḥārāyē))
* last, final, ultimate
* recent

### Noun

ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܝܵܐ • (ḥārāyā) m (plural ܐ݇ܚܵܪ̈ܵܝܹܐ (ḥārāyē), feminine ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܝܬܵܐ (ḥārāytā))
* anything or anyone being last; last one
    ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܝܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ― ḥārāyā ìwen wā ― I was the last one.

#### Derived terms

* ܐ݇ܚܵܪܵܐܝܼܬ (ḥārāˀīt, “finally, recently”)