# वर्ष
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain, raining; year”). Doublet of बरस (baras).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋəɾʂ/, [ʋɐɾʃ]

### Noun

वर्ष • (varṣ) m
* annum, year
    Synonyms: बरस (baras), साल (sāl)

#### See also

* वर्ष (varṣ), साल (sāl), बरस (baras)
* मास (mās), महीना (mahīnā)
* सप्ताह (saptāh)
* दिन (din)
* घंटा (ghaṇṭā)
* मिनट (minaṭ)
* सैकंड (saikaṇḍ)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain, raining; year”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋəɾ.ʂə/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

वर्ष • (varṣa) n
* year
    Synonyms: वरीस (varīs), साल (sāl)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱৰ্ষ (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬃᬱ (Balinese script)
* বর্ষ (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰨𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀭𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
* ဝရ္ၑ (Burmese script)
* વર્ષ (Gujarati script)
* ਵਰ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌰𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦂꦰ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂩𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
* ವರ್ಷ (Kannada script)
* វឞ៌ (Khmer script)
* ວຣ຺ຩ (Lao script)
* വര്ഷ (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠠᡵᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠠᠷᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧈𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐬𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
* ଵର୍ଷ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢬ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆫𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖨𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
* වර්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩼 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
* வர்ஷ (Tamil script)
* వర్ష (Telugu script)
* วรฺษ (Thai script)
* ཝ་རྵ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒩𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨫𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwaršám, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-ó-s (“rainy, wet”, adjective), from the root *h₁wers- (“to rain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕρση (hérsē, “dew”), Old Irish frass (“rain-shower”). By surface analysis, वृष् (vṛṣ, “rain”, root) +‎ -अ (-a).
The meaning "year" developed from the fact that a year can be interpreted as the period of time from one monsoon to the next and any point of time a particular number of years into the past or future can be expressed as that many monsoons ago or later.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋɐɾ.ʂɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋɐɾ.ʂɐ/

### Noun

वर्ष • (varṣá) stem, n or m
* rain, raining, a shower
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.58.7:प्रथिष्ट यामन्पृथिवी चिदेषां भर्तेव गर्भं स्वमिच्छवो धुः। वातान्ह्यश्वान्धुर्यायुयुज्रे वर्षं स्वेदं चक्रिरे रुद्रियासः॥prathiṣṭa yāmanpṛthivī cideṣāṃ bharteva garbhaṃ svamicchavo dhuḥ. vātānhyaśvāndhuryāyuyujre varṣaṃ svedaṃ cakrire rudriyāsaḥ.Even Earth hath spread herself wide at their coming, and they as husbands have with power impregned her. They to the pole have yoked the winds for coursers: their sweat have they made rain, these Sons of Rudra.
* (in the plural) the rains, rainy season
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
* a year
* a division of the earth as separated off by certain mountain ranges (9 such divisions are enumerated, namely कुरु (kuru), हिरण्मय (hiraṇmaya), रम्यक (ramyaka), इलावृत (ilāvṛta), हरि (hari); केतुमाला (ketumālā), भद्राश्व (bhadrāśva), किंनर (kiṃnara), and भारत (bhārata); sometimes the number given is 7)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* वर्षा (varṣā́)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kalasha: báṣik
** Kashmiri:
    Arabic script: ؤری (wạrī), वॅरी (wạrī)
    Devanagari script: वऺरी (wạrī)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀲 (varisa)
** Konkani: vars
    Devanagari script: वर्स
    Konkani: ವರ್ಸ್
    Latin script: voros
** Marathi: वरीस (varīs)
* Niya Prakrit: 𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨮 (varṣa)
* Pali: vassa
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀲 (varisa)
** Old Hindi: बरस (barasa)
*** Hindi: बरस (baras)
** Gujarati: વરસ (varas)
** Romani: berś
* → Hindi: वर्ष (varṣ)
* → Kannada: ವರ್ಷ (varṣa)
* → Malayalam: വർഷം (vaṟṣaṁ)
* → Mannan: വരികം (varikaṁ)
* → Marathi: वर्ष (varṣa)
* → Old Javanese: warṣa
** Javanese: ꦮꦂꦱ (warsa)
*** → Indonesian: warsa
** → Balinese: ᬯᬃᬱ (warsa)
* → Old Tamil: 𑀯𑀭𑀼𑀝𑀫𑁆 (varuṭam)
** Tamil: வருடம் (varuṭam)
* → Punjabi: ਵਰਸ਼ (varaś)
* → Tamil: வருஷம் (varuṣam)
* → Telugu: వర్షము (varṣamu)
* → Thai: พรรษ (pát), พรรษา (pan-sǎa), วรรษ (wát), วรรษา

### Adjective

वर्ष • (varṣá) stem
* raining
    कामवर्ष ― kāmavarṣa ― raining according to one's wish

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “वर्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0926/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 522-3