# pencil
## English
### Alternative forms

* pensill (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”). Not related to pen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛnsəl/, /ˈpɛntsəl/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation, Indic, also) IPA: /ˈpɛnsɪl/
* Rhymes: -ɛnsəl
* Hyphenation: pen‧cil

### Noun

pencil (plural pencils)
* (now chiefly historical) A paintbrush. [from 14th c.]
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Prologue”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 389:But living art may not least part expresse, / Nor life-resembling pencill it can paynt […].
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 17, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:why is it not lawfull for every man to pourtray himself with his pen, as it was for him to doe it with a pensell?
** 1791, James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Oxford, published 2008, page 1390:He requested three things of Sir Joshua Reynolds:—To forgive him thirty pounds which he had borrowed of him; to read the Bible; and never to use his pencil on a Sunday.
* A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]
    Synonym: lead pencil
* (optics) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point. [from 17th c.]
* (geometry) A family of geometric objects with a common property, such as the set of lines that pass through a given point in a projective plane. [from 19th c.]
** 1863, The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal:When, by the pencil becoming oblique to the surface, the vergency produced on the pencil becomes changed, the primary and secondary focal points, V and H, separate […]
** 1987, R. E. Trahan, Applied Identification, Modelling and Simulation, page 107:A drillable robot is capable of placing its end link in any orientation in the pencil of planes containing its first link.
** 2012, G. E. Martin, The Foundations of Geometry and the Non-Euclidean Plane, page 357:Let l and m be two hyperparallel lines. All the transversals to l and m that form congruent corresponding angles with l and m lie in a pencil.
* (medicine, obsolete, rare) A small medicated bougie. [19th c.]
* (gambling) Ellipsis of power of the pencil.
** 1978, Mario Puzo, Fools Die:And most important of all, Cully now had 'The Pencil', that most coveted of Las Vegas powers.

#### Derived terms

* automatic pencil
* beard pencil
* blue-pencil
* blue pencil doctrine
* bow pencil
* carpenter pencil
* carpenter's pencil
* caustic pencil
* china pencil
* click pencil
* clutch pencil
* colored pencil, coloured pencil
* coloring pencil, colouring pencil
* color pencil, colour pencil
* drafting pencil
* eyebrow pencil
* golf pencil
* grease pencil
* hair pencil
* hot pencil
* kohl pencil
* lead in one's pencil
* lead pencil
* mechanical pencil
* number 2 pencil
* pencil-blue
* pencil box
* pencil case
* pencil crayon
* pencil cricket
* pencil detonator
* pencil dick
* pencil fever
* pencil fish
* pencil flower
* pencil geek
* pencil heel
* pencil holder
* pencil ladder
* pencil lead
* pencil moustache
* pencil mustache
* pencil-neck
* pencil neck
* pencil-necked
* pencil parer
* pencil pine
* pencil pleat
* pencil pointer
* pencil-post bed
* pencil pouch
* pencil pusher
* pencil-pusher
* pencil pushing
* pencil sharpener
* pencil skirt
* pencil-skirted
* pencil squid
* pencil stub
* pencil test
* pencil-thin
* pencil topper
* pencil tower
* pencil tree
* pencil whip
* pen pencil
* power of the pencil
* propelling pencil
* red-pencil
* retractable pencil
* slate pencil
* styptic pencil
* technical pencil
* time pencil
* wax pencil
* № 2 pencil

#### Descendants

* Tok Pisin: pensil
* → Bole: pensur
* → Central Dusun: pinsil
* → Central Melanau: pisil
* → Dhivehi: ފަންސުރު (fan̊suru)
* → Gulf Arabic: بِنْسِل (pinsil, binsil) (obsolete)
* → Hausa: fensir
* → Hindi: पेंसिल (pensil), पेन्सिल (pensil)
* → Iban: pinsil
* → Indonesian: pènsil
* → Maguindanao: pinsil
* → Maia: pensil (or via Tok Pisin pensil)
* → Malay: pensel
* → Malayalam: പെൻസിൽ (peṉsil)
* → Marshallese: pinjeļ
* → Pennsylvania German: Bensil
* → Scottish Gaelic: peansail
* → Swahili: penseli
* → Swazi: ípénseli
* → Tagalog: pensil
* → Tausug: pinsil
* → Telugu: పెన్సిలు (pensilu)
* → Welsh: pensil, pensel
* → Xhosa: ípénsile
* → Yoruba: pẹ́ńsù

#### Translations
### Verb

pencil (third-person singular simple present pencils, present participle (UK) pencilling or (US) penciling, simple past and past participle (UK) pencilled or (US) penciled)
* (transitive) To write (something) using a pencil.
    I penciled (BrE: pencilled) a brief reminder in my notebook.
** 1888, Thomas Hardy, “An Imaginative Woman”, in Wessex Tales:She had hardly got back when she encountered a piece by Robert Trewe in the new number of her favourite magazine, which must have been written almost immediately before her visit to Solentsea, for it contained the very couplet she had seen pencilled on the wallpaper by the bed, and Mrs. Hooper had declared to be recent.
* (transitive) To mark with, or as if with, a pencil.
** 1852, The Ark, and Odd Fellows' Western Magazine:It pencilled each flower with rich and variegated hues, and threw over its exuberant foliage a vesture of emerald green.

#### Derived terms

* pencil in
* pencil out

#### Translations
### Further reading

* pencil on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Malay
### Adjective

pĕncil (Jawi spelling ڤنچيل)
* to be isolated, separated

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pemencil [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* pencilan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* kepencilan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* pencil-pencil [reduplication] (redup)
* perpencil [causative passive] (peR-)
* pencilkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
* pencili [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
* terpencil [agentless action] (teR-)

### Further reading

* “pencil” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.