# عرف
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.ra.fa/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

عَرَفَ • (ʕarafa) I (non-past يَعْرِفُ (yaʕrifu), verbal noun مَعْرِفَة (maʕrifa) or عِرْفَان (ʕirfān)) (transitive)
* to be familiar with (a person, a place, a piece of news or information, and so on); to know
    Synonym: خَبُرَ (ḵabura)
    Antonyms: أَنْكَرَ (ʔankara), جَهِلَ (jahila)
    Coordinate terms: عَلِمَ (ʕalima), دَرَى (darā)
    هَلْ تَعْرِفُهَا؟ ― hal taʕrifuhā? ― Do you know her?
    أَعْرِفُ أَنَّهَا دَرَسَتِ الْحُقُوقَ.ʔaʕrifu ʔannahā darasati l-ḥuqūqa.I know that she studied law.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:58:وَجَاءَ إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَعَرَفَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ مُنْكِرُونَwajāʔa ʔiḵwatu yūsufa fadaḵalū ʕalayhi faʕarafahum wahum lahu munkirūnaThen Joseph's brothers came in, and he knew them, while they did not recall him.
* to be familiar with (a skill or profession); to be experienced in; to be proficient at or in; can
    Synonym: أَجَادَ (ʔajāda, “to excel at”)
    هُوَ عَارِفٌ بِالْيَابَانِيَّةِhuwa ʕārifun bi-l-yābāniyyatiHe is proficient in Japanese.
    أَعْرِفُ الْعَزْفَ وَالْغِنَاءَ.ʔaʕrifu al-ʕazfa wālḡināʔa.I know how to sing and play music.
    هُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ السِّبَاحَةَ.hum lā yaʕrifūna as-sibāḥata.They cannot swim.
* to recognise (a person, a place, and so on); to identify; to recall
    Synonym: تَذَكَّرَ (taḏakkara, “to remember”)
    .أَرَيْتُهَا صُورَتَهُ فَلَمْ تَعْرِفْهُ.ʔaraytuhā ṣūratahu falam taʕrifhuI showed her his picture, but she could not recognize him.
* to become aware of; to find out
    Synonym: أَدْرَكَ (ʔadraka)
    فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ كاذِبٌ.faʕaraftu ʔannahu kāḏibun.That is when I knew he was lying.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕar.ra.fa/

#### Verb

عَرَّفَ • (ʕarrafa) II (non-past يُعَرِّفُ (yuʕarrifu), verbal noun تَعْرِيف (taʕrīf))
* (transitive) to define
* (ditransitive) to tell about, to inform of, to make aware of; to acquaint with, to introduce to

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕurf/

#### Noun

عُرْف • (ʕurf) m (plural أَعْرَاف (ʔaʕrāf)) (countable)
* a practice that is widely known somewhere or in some group; a convention; custom; a tradition
    Synonym: سُنَّة (sunna, “a characteristic practice, especially one that is popularized or enforced”)
* the crest or comb of a rooster, a cockscomb
** any tuftlike protuberance; an outgrowth
    Synonym: نُتُوء (nutūʔ, “a protrusion; a projection; a protuberance”)
** (uncommon) the forelock of a horse

##### Descendants

* → Northern Kurdish: urf
* → Ottoman Turkish: عرف (ʿörf)
    > Turkish: örf (inherited)
* → Uyghur: ئۇرپ (urp)
* → Uzbek: urf

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕarf/

#### Noun

عَرْف • (ʕarf) m
* scent, aroma

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: harufu

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عرف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Mace, John (2007) “عرف”, in Arabic Verbs, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.rif/

### Verb

عرف • (ʕirif) I (non-past يعرف (yiʕraf))
* to know
* to recognize, to distinguish
* to discover, to find out
* to show consideration for
* to have the ability, to be able
    للأسف معرفتش أصور في الحفلة.li-l-ʔasaf ma-ʕriftiš ʔaṣawwir fi-l-ḥaflaUnfortunately I couldn't film in the party.
* to be familiar with; to be proficient in; to be conversant with [with ل]

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.raf/

#### Verb

عِرِف • (ʕirif) I (non-past يِعْرِف (yiʕrif))
* to know
    Synonym: دِري (diri)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَرَّفَ (ʕarrafa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕar.raf/

#### Verb

عَرَّف • (ʕarraf) II (non-past يِعَرِّف (yiʕarrif))
* to inform, to let know
    Synonyms: بَلَّغ (ballaḡ), دَرَّى (darra)
* to introduce (someone)

##### Conjugation
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕraf/

### Verb

عرف • (ʕraf) I (non-past يعرف (yiʕraf))
* to know

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.rif/, [ˈʕi.rˤɪf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

عرف • (ʕirif) I (present بعرف (biʕrif), active participle عارف (ʕāref))
* to know
    لو عرفت، كنت قلتلّك.law ʕrift, kunt ʔoltillak.If I had known, I would have told you.
    ما بعرف وين البنك. ― mā baʕref wēn il-bank. ― I don't know where the bank is.
    بتعرفو تسبحو؟ ― btiʕrefu tisbaḥu? ― Do you know how to swim?

##### Usage notes

* Like عمل (ʕimil), non-past forms may use “a” as the core vowel and in the prefix, so forms like بِعْرَف (beʕraf) and بْيَعْرِف (byaʕref) are possible as well.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَرَّفَ (ʕarrafa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕar.raf/, [ˈʕarˤ.rˤɑf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

عرّف • (ʕarraf) II (present بعرّف (biʕarref))
* to inform, to let know
    Synonyms: خبّر (ḵabbar), بلّغ (ballaḡ)
* to introduce (someone)