# Turkmen
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈtɜːk.mən/
* (US) IPA: /ˈtɝk.mən/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Etymology 1

The current majority view for the etymology of the ethnonym Türkmen or Turcoman is that it comes from Türk and the Turkic emphasizing suffix -men, meaning "'most Turkish of the Turks' or 'pure-blooded Turks.'" A folk etymology, dating back to the Middle Ages and found in al-Biruni and Mahmud al-Kashgari, instead derives the suffix -men from the Persian suffix -mānind, with the resulting word meaning "like a Turk". While formerly the dominant etymology in modern scholarship, this mixed Turkic-Persian derivation is now viewed as incorrect.

#### Alternative forms

* Turcoman, Turkoman (via Medieval Latin Turcomannus, itself derived from Turkic via Persian ترکمان (torkamân))
* Turkman, Turkmán, Türkman (via Ottoman Turkish تركمان (Türkmân), itself derived from Turkic via Persian ترکمان (torkamân), dated)
* Türkmen (rare)

#### Proper noun

Turkmen
* A Turkic language of the Turkmen spoken mostly in Turkmenistan.

##### Translations
#### Noun

Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens)
* A person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent.
** 2005, Chahryar Adle, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, page 316:The conquest took 16 years and ended in 1885 in a battle with the Afghans on the banks of the Murghab. During this period, the Turkmens offered the Russians stubborn resistance […]
** 2009, Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, page 841:Keimir-Ker, a Turkmen from the Tekke clan, led a rebellion against the Persians […]

##### Related terms

* Turcoman
* Turkoman
* Turkmenistan

##### Translations
#### Adjective

Turkmen (not comparable)
* Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Treated as a plural of the deprecated term Turkman, influenced by English man, plural men.

#### Alternative forms

* Türkmen (deprecated, rare)

#### Noun

Turkmen
* (deprecated) plural of Turkman

##### Usage notes

Usage of Turkman, especially as a singular of Turkmen, has steadily declined and has become rare in comparison with Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens) since the 19th century as can be seen here.

### References

* ↑ Clark, Larry (1996) Turkmen Reference Grammar‎, Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 4, Annanepesov, M. (1999) “The Turkmens”, in Dani, Ahmad Hasan, editor, History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 127, Golden, Peter (1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples : ethnogenesis and state-formation in the medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, pages 213–214.
* ↑ Clark, Larry (1996) Turkmen Reference Grammar‎, Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 4–5,Annanepesov, M. (1999) “The Turkmens”, in Dani, Ahmad Hasan, editor, History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 127,Golden, Peter (1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples : ethnogenesis and state-formation in the medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, pages 213–214.

### Further reading

* ISO 639-1 code tk, ISO 639-3 code tuk (SIL)
* Ethnologue entry for Turkmen, tuk ⁠

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈturkmɛn]

### Noun

Turkmen m anim (female equivalent Turkmenka)
* Turkmen, Turkoman, Turkman (person)

#### Related terms

* Turkmenistán
* Turkmenka
* turkmenský
* turkmenština

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /turˈkmɛːn/

### Adjective

Turkmen (feminine singular Turkmena, plural Turkmeni)
* Turkmen (of, from or relating to Turkmenistan)

### Noun

Turkmen m (plural Turkmeni, feminine Turkmena)
* Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan)

### Noun

It-Turkmen m
* Turkmen (language)

## Polish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Turkmen Türkmen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtur.kmɛn/
* Rhymes: -urkmɛn
* Syllabification: Tur‧kmen

### Noun

Turkmen m pers (female equivalent Turkmenka)
* Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan) (male or of unspecified gender)

#### Related terms

* Turkmenistan
* turkmeński

### Further reading

* Turkmen in Polish dictionaries at PWN