OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 確か
## Japanese
### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 確
* たし Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 慥か (uncommon)
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Derived from the tashi- element seen in たしに (tashi ni, “sufficiently; firmly; surely”) and たしない (tashinai, “difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking”) + adjective-forming suffix か (-ka).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たしか [táꜜshìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠ɕi̥ka̠]

### Adjective

確(たし)か • (tashika) -na (adnominal 確(たし)かな (tashika na), adverbial 確(たし)かに (tashika ni))
* [from 720] certain, clear, without a doubt
* [from 759] secure, reliable, able to be trusted completely

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 確かだろ | たしかだろ | tashika daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 確かで | たしかで | tashika de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 確かだ | たしかだ | tashika da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 確かな | たしかな | tashika na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 確かなら | たしかなら | tashika nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 確かであれ | たしかであれ | tashika de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 確かではない 確かじゃない | たしかではない たしかじゃない | tashika de wa nai tashika ja nai |
| Informal past | 確かだった | たしかだった | tashika datta |
| Informal negative past | 確かではなかった 確かじゃなかった | たしかではなかった たしかじゃなかった | tashika de wa nakatta tashika ja nakatta |
| Formal | 確かです | たしかです | tashika desu |
| Formal negative | 確かではありません 確かじゃありません | たしかではありません たしかじゃありません | tashika de wa arimasen tashika ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 確かでした | たしかでした | tashika deshita |
| Formal negative past | 確かではありませんでした 確かじゃありませんでした | たしかではありませんでした たしかじゃありませんでした | tashika de wa arimasen deshita tashika ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 確かで | たしかで | tashika de |
| Conditional | 確かなら（ば） | たしかなら（ば） | tashika nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 確かだったら | たしかだったら | tashika dattara |
| Volitional | 確かだろう | たしかだろう | tashika darō |
| Adverbial | 確かに | たしかに | tashika ni |
| Degree | 確かさ | たしかさ | tashikasa |

#### Synonyms

* (certain): 確実(かくじつ) (kakujitsu), 当(あ)てになる (ate ni naru)

### Adverb

確(たし)か • (tashika)
* if I remember correctly, in my memory, as I recall
    確(たし)か、ここに来(き)たことがある。
       Tashika, koko ni kita koto ga aru.
       I'm pretty sure that I've come here before.

#### Usage notes

Adverbial use without the particle に (ni) is colloquial. The meaning for this usage implies a degree of doubt, and is different from the certainly, surely sense of 確かに (tashika ni) that has no such implication.

### References

* 1 2 “確か・慥か”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
# Laylatul Qadr
## English
### Etymology

From Arabic لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر (laylatu l-qadr), from لَيْلَة (layla, “night”) and قَدْر (qadr).

### Proper noun

Laylatul Qadr
* (Islam) A night during Ramadan that commemorates the initial revelation of the Qur'an, usually on the 27th of Ramadan.
# Erinaceus europaeus
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Erinaceus europaeus m
* A taxonomic species within the family Erinaceidae – European hedgehog or common hedgehog.

#### Hypernyms

* (species): Eulipotyphla - order; Erinaceidae - family; Erinaceinae - subfamily; Erinaceus - genus

### References

* European hedgehog on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Erinaceus europaeus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Erinaceus europaeus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* List of sequenced animal genomes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# játék
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jukta- (“to speak, tell a tale/story”) + -ék (noun-forming suffix). Cognates include Finnish juttu (“talk, chat”) and Erzya ёвтамс (jovtams, “to say, to tell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjaːteːk]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: já‧ték
* Rhymes: -eːk

### Noun

játék (countable and uncountable, plural játékok)
* toy (something to play with)
    Synonym: (formal in this sense) játékszer
* game (playful or competitive activity)
* game (one’s manner, style, or performance in playing a game)
** 1964, J. D. Salinger (author), Judit Gyepes (translator), Zabhegyező [The Catcher in the Rye], Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó (1998), →ISBN, chapter 11, page 95:
    Már aznap délután együtt golfoztunk. Nyolc labdát elrontott, emlékszem. Nyolcat! Rém nehéz volt rávenni, hogy legalább kinyissa a szemét, mikor beleüt a labdába. De még így is óriásit javítottam a játékán [translating game].
       I played golf with her that same afternoon. She lost eight balls, I remember. Eight. I had a terrible time getting her to at least open her eyes when she took a swing at the ball. I improved her game immensely, though.
* play (activity for amusement only, especially among the young; similar activity in young animals, as they explore their environment and learn new skills; the conduct, or course, of a game; an individual’s performance in a sport or game)

#### Derived terms

* játékos
* játékbolt
* játékelmélet
* játékfilm
* játékszabály
* játékszín
* játékvezető
* árnyjáték
* előjáték
* gyerekjáték
* hadijáték
* harangjáték
* hazárdjáték
* kártyajáték
* kirakójáték
* labdajáték
* összjáték
* piramisjáték
* sakkjáték
* szerencsejáték
* szerepjáték
* szomorújáték
* szójáték
* táblajáték
* társasjáték
* tűzijáték
* utójáték
* videojáték
* vígjáték

#### Related terms

* játszik

### References

* ↑ játék in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
* ↑ játék in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Entry #197 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

### Further reading

* játék in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# transfoorme
## Middle English
### Verb

transfoorme
* Alternative form of transformen
# زنزانة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from Middle Persian zyndʾn' (zēndān, “prison”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zin.zaː.na/

### Noun

زِنْزَانَة • (zinzāna) f (plural زِنْزَانَات (zinzānāt) or زَنَازِين (zanāzīn))
* gaol cell, dungeon, oubliette

#### Declension
### References

* “زنزانة” in Almaany
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “زنزانة”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 532
# maladroit
## English
### Etymology

From French maladroit, from mal- (“bad, badly”) + adroit (“skilful”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˌmæl.əˈdɹɔɪt/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

maladroit (comparative more maladroit, superlative most maladroit)
* Not adroit; awkward, clumsy, inept. [from 1670s]
** 2002 April 12, Peter Bradshaw, “Three go mad in Mexico”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:Like the maladroit boy himself, the director does not believe in warming his audience up with narrative foreplay, and it's the same story when we cut to the family home of Julio's girlfriend, whose parents allow him into her bedroom to help her look for her passport, and she gleefully wrenches her tracksuit bottoms down.
** 2003 March, Jonathan Rauch, “Caring for Your Introvert”, in The Atlantic Monthly‎, archived from the original on 15 March 2010:Do you know someone who needs hours alone every day? Who loves quiet conversations about feelings or ideas, and can give a dynamite presentation to a big audience, but seems awkward in groups and maladroit at small talk? Who has to be dragged to parties and then needs the rest of the day to recuperate?

#### Derived terms

* maladroitly
* maladroitness

#### Translations
### Noun

maladroit (plural maladroits)
* Somebody who is inept, or lacking in skill, or talent.

### Anagrams

* matroidal

## French
### Etymology

From mal- +‎ adroit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.la.dʁwa/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

maladroit (feminine maladroite, masculine plural maladroits, feminine plural maladroites)
* awkward; clumsy; maladroit
    Antonyms: adroit, habile, dextre
** 2004 January 16, “Éditorial : Un cautère sur une jambe de bois”, in Aujourd'hui‎:Une revanche très maladroite et inopportune puisque les élus brillent par leur absence et les ingénieurs, informaticiens, physiciens et autres ne déméritent aucunement.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* maladroitement

#### Related terms

* maladresse

#### Descendants

* English: maladroit

### Further reading

* “maladroit”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# ngħatti
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnaːt.tɪ/
** IPA: /ˈnaˤːt.tɪ/ (archaic)
** IPA: /(ɪ)nˈɣat.tɪ/ (archaic, rustic)

### Verb

ngħatti
* first-person singular imperfect of għatta
# crablike
## English
### Etymology

From crab +‎ -like. In sense “moving sideways”, due to crab’s sideways walk.

### Adjective

crablike (comparative more crablike, superlative most crablike)
* Having some characteristics of a crab
** 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, chapter 6, in The Whisperer in Darkness:It was in this stream, I recalled from newspaper items, that one of the morbid crablike beings had been seen floating after the floods.
* Walking or moving sideways

#### Derived terms

* crab-like rove beetle

#### See also

* sidle

### Anagrams

* bark lice, barklice
# orrire
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin horrēre (“to dread ← to tremble, shiver ← to stand erect, stand on end”), from Proto-Italic *horzēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥séh₁(ye)ti, derived from the root *ǵʰers- (“stiff”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /orˈri.re/
* Rhymes: -ire
* Hyphenation: or‧rì‧re

### Verb

* This Italian verb needs to be reviewed and cleaned up.
* The definition(s) may be wrong or misleading, and important senses may be missing. The specified auxiliary may also be wrong. The remainder of the conjugation is probably correct for -are verbs but may be wrong in some particulars for -ire verbs (especially the present participle).
orrìre (first-person singular present orrìsco, first-person singular past historic orrìi, past participle orrìto, auxiliary avére or èssere) (archaic, rare)
* (transitive) to abhor (to regard with horror)
* (intransitive) to be horrified
    Synonym: inorridire

#### Usage notes

* The verb takes avere as the auxiliary when transitive, and essere when intransitive.

#### Related terms

* orrendo
* orribile
* orrido
* orrifico
* orrore

### Further reading

* orrire in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

### Anagrams

* errori
# ἀντιστροφή
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἀντιστρέφω (antistréphō) +‎ -ή (-ḗ) and/or ἀντι- (anti-) +‎ στροφή (strophḗ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /an.tis.tro.pʰɛ̌ː/ → /an.tis.troˈɸi/ → /an.dis.troˈfi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /an.tis.tro.pʰɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /an.tis.troˈpʰe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /an.tis.troˈɸi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /an.tis.troˈfi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /an.dis.troˈfi/

### Noun

ἀντιστροφή • (antistrophḗ) f (genitive ἀντιστροφῆς); first declension
* turning about
* (drama) antistrophe

#### Related terms

* ἀντίστροφος (antístrophos)

#### Descendants

* → Latin: antistrophē
** → English: antistrophe
** French: antistrophe
** Italian: antistrofe
** Portuguese: antístrofe
** Spanish: antistrofa

### Further reading

* ἀντιστροφή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀντιστροφή in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* ἀντιστροφή in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* “ἀντιστροφή”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἀντιστροφή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# tekint
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Likely from Proto-Ugric *täkkɜ- (“to look (at), observe”) + -int (instantaneous suffix). Cognate with Eastern Khanty täɣən (“to remember”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɛkint]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: te‧kint
* Rhymes: -int

### Verb

tekint
* (intransitive, literary, with -ra/-re) to view, to look at something
    Synonym: néz
* (transitive, with -nak/-nek) to regard, to consider as something

#### Derived terms

* tekinget (tekintget)
* tekintet → tekintetű, tekintetes → ténsúr, ténsasszony
* tekintély
* tekinthető
(With verbal prefixes):
* alátekint
* áttekint
* betekint
* eltekint
* előretekint
* feltekint
* hátratekint
* hazatekint
* idetekint
* kitekint
* körültekint
* közétekint
* letekint
* megtekint
* odatekint
* rátekint
* tovatekint
* továbbtekint
* utánatekint
* végigtekint
* visszatekint

### References

* ↑ Entry #1858 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ tekint in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* tekint in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# Great Lakes
## English
### Proper noun

the Great Lakes pl (normally plural, singular Great Lake)
* A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
* A group of lakes located in and around the East African Rift, including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Malawi, and several others.
# زواج
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.waːd͡ʒ/

### Noun

زَوَاج • (zawāj) m
* (uncountable) marriage

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: زواج (zawāj)
* Maltese: żwieġ
* Moroccan Arabic: زواج (zwāj)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic زَوَاج (zawāj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.ˈwaːd͡ʒ/

### Noun

زواج • (zawāj) m (plural زواجات (zawājāt))
* wedding
* marriage
    Synonym: (less common) جواز (jawāz, juwāz)
# bluoten
## Middle High German
### Etymology

From Old High German bluoten, from Proto-West Germanic *blōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną, from *blōþą + *-janą. By surface analysis, bluot +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈbluə̯tən/

### Verb

bluoten (class 2 weak, third-person singular present bluotet, past tense bluotete, past participle gebluotet, auxiliary hān)
* (intransitive) to bleed

#### Descendants

* Bavarian: bliatn
* German: bluten
* Central Franconian:
** Hunsrik: blude
** Luxembourgish: bludden

### References

* Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “bluote”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
* "bluoten" in Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *blōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną, from *blōþą + *-janą.

### Verb

bluoten or bluotēn
* (intransitive) to bleed

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: bluoten
** Bavarian: bliatn
** German: bluten
** Central Franconian:
*** Hunsrik: blude
*** Luxembourgish: bludden

### References

* "bluoten" in Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch (6th edition 2014)
# ngħażżew
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nazˈzɛw/
* IPA: /naˤːzˈzɛw/ (archaic)

### Verb

ngħażżew
* third-person plural perfect of ngħażż
# corpselike
## English
### Alternative forms

* corpse-like

### Etymology

From corpse +‎ -like.

### Adjective

corpselike (comparative more corpselike, superlative most corpselike)
* Resembling a corpse.
** 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:Upon the ground before the daïs were stretched scores of the corpselike forms of the spectators, till at last the long lines of them were lost in the gloomy background.
** 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, chapter 7, in The Whisperer in Darkness:With Akeley’s permission I lighted a small oil lamp, turned it low, and set it on a distant bookcase beside the ghostly bust of Milton; but afterward I was sorry I had done so, for it made my host’s strained, immobile face and listless hands look damnably abnormal and corpselike.

#### Synonyms

* cadaverous
* deathly

#### Derived terms

* uncorpselike
# eñe
## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eɲe/ [e.ɲe]
* Rhymes: -eɲe, -e
* Hyphenation: e‧ñe

### Noun

eñe inan
* The name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

### Further reading

* “eñe”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* enhe (reintegrationist)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

eñe m (plural eñes)
* The name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ.

## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɲe/ [ˈe.ɲe]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eɲe
* Syllabification: e‧ñe

### Noun

eñe f (plural eñes)
* The name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ.

#### Descendants

* → Tagalog: enye, eñe

### Further reading

* “eñe”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* enye

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish eñe, the Spanish name of the letter Ñ/ñ.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔenje/ [ˈʔɛː.ɲɛ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˈʔenje/ [ˈʔɛn̪.jɛ]
* Rhymes: -enje
* Syllabification: e‧ñe

### Noun

eñe (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜌᜒ)
* (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ, in the Abecedario
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) enye
* Alternative form of enye
# shortest-run
## English
### Adjective

shortest-run
* superlative form of short-run: most short-run
# devuelta
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deˈbwelta/ [d̪eˈβ̞wel̪.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -elta
* Syllabification: de‧vuel‧ta

### Participle

devuelta f sg
* feminine singular of devuelto

### Further reading

* “devuelta”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “devuelta”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
# زخرفة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of زَخْرَفَ (zaḵrafa, “to adorn, decorate, embellish”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zax.ra.fa/

### Noun

زَخْرَفَة • (zaḵrafa) f (plural زَخْرَفَات (zaḵrafāt) or زَخَارِف (zaḵārif))
* verbal noun of زَخْرَفَ (zaḵrafa, “to adorn, decorate, embellish”) (form Iq)
* adornment
* decoration
* ornamentation
* embellishment
* false gold, false ornaments or jewelry
* tinsel
* gilding, gloss
* ornateness of speech, tinsel of speech

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “زخرفة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “زخرفة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# 郵筒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yóutǒng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$ tung$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yù-thùng
    (Hailu, HRS): rhiu tung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iû-tâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu$^5$ dang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yeu-don
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yóutǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yóutǒng
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^2$-tʻung$^3$
*** Yale: yóu-tǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: youtoong
*** Palladius: ютун (jutun)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$ tung$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: yàuh túng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$ tung$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$ tung$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-thùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˇ$ tung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$ tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹ tʰuŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-thùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˇ$ tung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$ tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹ tʰuŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhiu tung
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒiu⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-tâng
*** Tâi-lô: iû-tâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iu'daang
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iu²⁴⁻²² taŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan): /iu²⁴⁻³³ taŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³⁻²² taŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iu$^5$ dang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iû tâng
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yeu-don
*** MiniDict: yeu$^去$ don
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhieu-don
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²² doŋ⁴⁴/

### Noun

郵筒
* postbox; mailbox (public collection box)
* (historical) bamboo tube used to contain letters
* (dated) letter
* (dated) envelope

#### Synonyms

* (postbox): 信箱 (xìnxiāng); (Jin) 信筒 (xìntǒng); (Hokkien) 批筒, 郵便箱／邮便箱 (yóubiànxiāng)

### Further reading

* “郵筒”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
# ngħeleb
## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* ingħeleb (optionally after a consonant, but almost always after the article)

### Etymology

From Arabic اِنْغَلَبَ (inḡalaba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnɛː.lɛp/
** IPA: /ˈnɛˤː.lɛp/ (archaic)
** IPA: /(ɪ)nˈɣɛ.lɛp/ (archaic, rustic)
* Homophone: negħleb (except rural; never prefixes i-)

### Verb

ngħeleb (imperfect jingħeleb)
* mediopassive of għeleb: to be overcome, defeated
# jukut riut
## Sundanese
### Noun

jukut riut (Sundanese script ᮓᮥᮓᮥᮄᮒᮔ᮪)
* sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica)
# إحسان
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of أَحْسَنَ (ʔaḥsana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔiħ.saːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Noun

إِحْسَان • (ʔiḥsān) m
* verbal noun of أَحْسَنَ (ʔaḥsana) (form IV)
* good deed (doing one's duty well towards God)
* acting kindly

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: احسان (ihsan)
    > Turkish: ihsan, İhsan (inherited)
* → Persian: احسان
** → Azerbaijani: ehsan
** → Bengali: এহসান (ehośan)
** → Gujarati: એહસાન (ehasān)
** → Hindustani:
*** → Hindi: एहसान (ehsān)
*** → Urdu: احسان
** → Turkmen: yhsan
** → Uyghur: ئېھسان (ëhsan)
** → Uzbek: ehson
* → Tatar: Ихсан (İxsan), Ixsan
# Pukanec
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpukaɲet͡s]

### Proper noun

Pukanec m pers (female equivalent Pukanecová or Pukancová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Pukanec”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025