# 曝

| 曝 | U+66DD, &#26333; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66DD |
| ← 曜 [U+66DC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曞 → [U+66DE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

曝 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日日廿水 (AATE), four-corner 6603$_2$, composition ⿰日暴)

#### Related characters

* 爆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 501, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14239
* Dae Jaweon: page 871, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1540, character 13
* Unihan data for U+66DD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 暴 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 曝 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 瀑 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 虣 | *boːwɢs |
| 爆 | *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ |
| 襮 | *poːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 嚗 | *proːwɢ |
| 謈 | *pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ |
| 犦 | *broːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 懪 | *broːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ). However, the phonetic component was phonetically borrowed to mean "to expose to the sun", hence it adds part of the meaning. A conservative version is 𣌑, then the character was stylized into 曝.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pù, bào (pu$^4$, bao$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ, ㄅㄠˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu$^2$ / bao$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): buk$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): buuk$^5$ / bau$^5$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): pug$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bau$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): pū
* Eastern Min (BUC): puŏh
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pha̍k / pho̍k / po̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pag$^8$ / bao$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$boq; $^6$bau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pù
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pù
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^4$
*** Yale: pù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pu$^2$ / bao$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu / bao
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu²¹/, /pau²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^6$
*** Yale: buhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: buuk$^5$ / bau$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɵk̚³²/, /pau³²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰʊk̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bau$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁵⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pū
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏh
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuoʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pha̍k
*** Tâi-lô: pha̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phak
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰak̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: pho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phok
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
*** Tâi-lô: po̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹/
* pha̍k - vernacular (“to sun”);
* pho̍k/po̍k - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit曝 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰu⁵¹/ /pau⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pɔ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pɔ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pau⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰv̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pɔ¹³/ /pʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰu³¹/ /pau¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pao²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pɔo⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pau⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /boʔ¹/ /bɔ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /boʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /boʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /bo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰuk̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pɔk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pok̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pɔk̚⁵/ /pʰak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰuoʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbau³³/ /fak̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: bawH, buwk
Rime :
| Character | 曝 | 曝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 薄報切 | 蒲木切 |
| Baxter | bawH | buwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑu$^H$/ | /buk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑu$^H$/ | /buk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑu$^H$/ | /buk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baw$^H$/ | /bəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑu$^H$/ | /buk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑu$^H$/ | /buk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑu$^H$/ | /bʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào | bú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^6$ | buk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pˤawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ buwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-pˁawk/ |
| English | expose to the sun |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曝 | 曝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 331 | 344 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 | 暴 |
| Rime group | 貌 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 | 暴 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːwɢs/ | /*boːɡ/ |

### Definitions

曝
* to sun; to air in the sun; to expose or dry in the sun
* to expose; to reveal

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 曬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 曬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 曬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 曬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 曬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 曬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 曬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 曬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 曬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 曬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 曬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 曬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 曬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 曬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 曬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 曬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 曬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 曬 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 曬 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 曬 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 曬 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 炙 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 炙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 曬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 曝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 曝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 曝 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 曬 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 曬 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 曬 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 曬 |

### Compounds

* 一曝十寒 (yīpù-shíhán)
* 中途曝光
* 多次曝光
* 曝光 (bàoguāng)
* 曝光表 (bàoguāngbiǎo)
* 曝曬 / 曝晒 (pùshài)
* 曝書 / 曝书
* 曝氣 / 曝气
* 曝獻 / 曝献
* 曝背
* 曝腮龍門 / 曝腮龙门
* 曝衣
* 曝露 (pùlù)
* 曝鰓龍門 / 曝鳃龙门
* 獻曝 / 献曝
* 野人獻曝 / 野人献曝
* 野叟曝言

### References

* “曝”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* bleach
* refine
* expose
* air

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼく (boku)
* Kan-on: ほく (hoku)
* Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku)
* Kun: さらす (sarasu, 曝す)

#### Compounds

* 曝白(ばくはく) (bakuhaku): whitening in exposure to the sun

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 曝
* さら(し) Jinmeiyō
For pronunciation and definitions of 曝 – see the following entry. :
| 【さらし】 | [noun] 晒し, 晒, 曝し, 曝: exposing to the sun; bleaching in the sun [noun] 晒し, 晒, 曝し, 曝: exposing to the public Alternative spellings 晒し, 晒, 曝し |
(This term, 曝, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

曝 • (po, pok) (hangeul 포, 폭, revised po, pok, McCune–Reischauer p'o, p'ok, Yale pho, phok)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

曝: Hán Nôm readings: bộc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation