# اختیار
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِيَار (iḵtiyār, “choice, election”).

### Noun

اختیار • (ihtiyâr) (definite accusative اختیاری (ihtiyârı), plural اختیارات (ihtiyârât))
* choice, selection, decision, the process or act of choosing or selecting one or more elements of a set
    Synonyms: انتخاب (intihâb), سچمه (seçme)
* choice, option, possibility, the freedom or right to choose between several elements or alternatives
    Synonym: انتخاب (intihâb)
* free will, agency, the capacity of individuals to act indipendently and to make their own free choices

### Adjective

اختیار • (ihtiyâr)
* (of a living creature) old, aged, eldern, having existed for a relatively long period of time
    Synonyms: بزرك (büzürg), قوجه (koca), یاشلو (yaşlı)

#### Derived terms

* اختیار الدن كیتمك (ihtiyâr elden gitmek, “to lose freewill”)
* اختیار الده اولمق (ihtiyâr elde olmak, “to have freewill”)
* اختیار ایتمك (ihtiyâr etmek, “to choose, elect, prefer”)
* اختیار سكوت (ihtiyâr-ı sükut, “voluntary silence”)
* اختیارانه (ihtiyârane, “senile, peculiar to an old man”)
* اختیاراً (ihtiyâren, “of one's own choice”)
* اختیارسز (ihtiyârsız, “optionless, choiceless”)
* اختیارلاتمق (ihtiyârlatmak, “to make one become old”)
* اختیارلامق (ihtiyârlamak, “to grow old and senile”)
* اختیارلق (ihtiyârlık, “old age, senility”)
* اختیاری (ihtiyârî, “facultative”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ihtiyar

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “اختیار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 22
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ihtiyar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2117
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ihtiyâr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 504
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اختیار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 59
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Electio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 455
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اختیار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 94
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ihtiyar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اختیار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 43

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِيَار (iḵtiyār).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔix.ti.ˈjɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔix.t̪ʰi.jɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔex.t̪i.jɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔiχ.t̪ʰi.jɔ́ɾ]
* Rhymes: -ɑːr

### Noun

اِختِیار • (extiyâr) (plural اختیارات (extiyârât))
* option
    Synonyms: خیار (xiyâr), گزینه (gozine), انتخاب (entexâb)
* choice
    Synonym: انتخاب (entexâb)
* authority, power to choose
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 267”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎, archived from the original on 2023-12-09:دل به رغبت می‌سپارد جان به چشم مست یار گرچه هشیاران ندادند اختیار خود به کسdil ba rağbat mē-sipārad jān ba čašm-i mast-i yār garči hušyārān na-dādand ixtiyār-i xwad ba kasMy soul joyfully entrusts my heart to the beloved's drunken eyes, Though the wise do not grant authority [over them] to anyone.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Derived terms

* اختیاری (extiyâri)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِخْتِیَار (ixtiyār), from Arabic اِخْتِيَار (iḵtiyār).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪx.t̪ɪ.jɑːɾ/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Audio (India):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

### Noun

اِخْتِیَار • (ixtiyār) m (formal plural اِخْتِیَارَات (ixtiyārāt), Hindi spelling इख़्तियार)
* power, authority, jurisdiction
* choice, adoption, control, discretion, option
* imprimatur

#### Derived terms

* اِخْتِیَارِی (ixtiyārī)

### Further reading

* “اختیار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “اختیار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اختيار”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.