OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# erica
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from translingual Erica.

### Noun

erica (plural ericas)
* Any of many heathers, of the genus Erica, used as garden plants
** 1840, John Claudius Loudon, The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement:I have now arrived at the third year since the ericas were seedlings and cuttings; and, as much can be said in this stage of their growth applicable to future years, it is my intention to do so.

### Anagrams

* Ciera, areic, ceria

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.ri.ka/
* Rhymes: -ɛrika
* Hyphenation: è‧ri‧ca

### Noun

erica f (plural eriche)
* heather

### Anagrams

* -icare, aceri, carie, cerai, creai, irace, recai

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /eˈriː.ka/, [ɛˈriːkä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /eˈri.ka/, [eˈriːkä]

### Noun

erīca f (genitive erīcae); first declension
* (Medieval Latin) Alternative form of erīcē ("heath, heather")

#### Declension

First-declension noun.
# posterior ethmoidal artery
## English
### Noun

posterior ethmoidal artery (plural posterior ethmoidal arteries)
* One of the arteries of the eye, branching off the ophthalmic artery.
# amredita
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit आम्रेडित (āmreḍita) meaning repetition.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

amredita (plural amreditas)
* (Sanskrit grammar) A compound consisting of the same word repeated with the first occurrence accented, used to express repetitiveness or distributivity.
# bolest
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech bolest, from Proto-Slavic *bolěstь. Cognate with Slovak bolesť and Polish boleść.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbolɛst]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bolest f
* pain
    cítit bolest ― to feel pain
    snést bolest ― to endure the pain
    vyvolat bolest ― to cause pain
    nesnesitelná bolest ― unbearable pain

#### Derived terms

* bezbolestný
* bolestivý
* bolestín m
* bolestný
* bolístka f

#### Related terms

* bolavý
* bolet

### Further reading

* “bolest”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “bolest”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “bolest”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From bol +‎ -est.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bôleːst/
* Hyphenation: bo‧lest

### Noun

bȍlēst f (Cyrillic spelling бо̏ле̄ст, augmentative boleščurina or bolèština)
* sickness, disease

#### Derived terms

* bȍlestan
# magħġen
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaː.d͡ʒɛn/
* IPA: /ˈmaˤː.d͡ʒɛn/ (archaic)
* Rhymes: -aːd͡ʒɛn, (archaic) -aˤːd͡ʒɛn

### Noun

magħġen m (plural mgħaġen, paucal magħġniet, diminutive mgħajġna)
* kneading trough
# eenvoudigs
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌeːnˈvɑu̯.dəxs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: een‧vou‧digs

### Adjective

eenvoudigs
* partitive of eenvoudig
# 鹿港
## Chinese

* 鹿港鎮 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Lu̍k-kóng-chṳ́n (Hakka)
* Lo̍k-káng (Southern Min)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Lùgǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ ㄍㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): luk$^6$ gong$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorh$^7$ gang$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Lo̍k-káng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lùgǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ ㄍㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lùgǎng
*** Wade–Giles: Lu$^4$-kang$^3$
*** Yale: Lù-gǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luhgaang
*** Palladius: Луган (Lugan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: luk$^6$ gong$^2$
*** Yale: luhk góng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: luk$^9$ gong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lug$^6$ gong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊk̚² kɔːŋ³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh$^7$ gang$^3$ [Phonetic: lorh$^6$ gang$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Lo̤̍h-gâng
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒʔ⁴⁻¹ kaŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh$^7$ gang$^3$ [Phonetic: lorh$^6$ gang$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒʔ²⁴⁻² kaŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lo̍k-káng
*** Tâi-lô: Lo̍k-káng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: logkarng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /lɔk̚³⁵⁻² kaŋ⁵⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

### Proper noun

鹿港
* (～鎮) Lukang (an urban township in Changhua County, Taiwan)

#### Synonyms

* (old name) 鹿仔港 (Lùzǐgǎng)

#### Descendants

* → English: Lu-kang, Lugang, Lukang
# UKERNA
## English
### Proper noun

UKERNA
* (historical) Abbreviation of United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association.
# -yoʼ
## Navajo
### Stem

-yoʼ
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -YOOD (flee) CON/DIV -YOOD (flee)
# Tomaszów Mazowiecki
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Polish Tomaszów Mazowiecki.

### Proper noun

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
* A city in the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland.

## Polish
### Etymology

From Tomasz +‎ -ów +‎ Mazowiecki. The name was modelled on Tomaszów Lubelski, a city named after its founder Jan Zamoyski's son Tomasz Zamoyski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔˈma.ʂuf ma.zɔˈvjɛt͡s.ki/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Syllabification: To‧ma‧szów Ma‧zo‧wiec‧ki

### Proper noun

Tomaszów Mazowiecki m inan
* Tomaszów Mazowiecki (a city in the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

#### Derived terms

* tomaszowski
* tomaszowianin
* tomaszowianka

### Further reading

* Tomaszów Mazowiecki in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Tomaszów Mazowiecki in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# shule
## English
### Noun

shule (plural shules)
* Alternative form of shul (“Ashkenazic synagogue”)

## Swahili
### Alternative forms

* skule, skuli

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Schule.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

shule class IX (plural shule class X)
* school
    Synonym: chuo

#### Derived terms

* shule ya bweni
* shule ya chekechea
* shule ya Jumapili
* shule ya kibinafsi
* shule ya kitaifa
* shule ya kutwa
* shule ya msingi
* shule ya sekondari
* shule ya umma
* shule ya upili

### References

* ↑ Mugane, John M. (2015) The Story of Swahili (Africa in World History), Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “Nonetheless, the Swahili took in a number of German words to talk about their experiences with these intruders. […] So too has the word shule, from the German word Schule, referring to the basic educational system established in the colony.”

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English shoule, from Old English *sċufl. Cognate with dialectal English shool.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃuːl/

### Noun

shule
* shovel

### Verb

shule
* to turn
** 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 19:An eachy tear ud shule a millAnd every tear would turn a mill,

### References

* ↑ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 67
* ↑ Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
# щастие
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian счастье (sčastʹje). By surface analysis, с- (s-, “part, lot”) +‎ част (čast) +‎ -ие (-ie).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃtastiɛ]

### Noun

ща́стие • (štástie) n
* happiness
* luck, good fortune

#### Derived terms

* неща́стие (neštástie), злоща́стие (zloštástie, “misfortune”)
* ща́стлив (štástliv, “happy, fortunate”)
** ощастливя́ pf (oštastlivjá), ощастливя́вам impf (oštastlivjávam, “to make happy”)

#### Related terms

* честота́ (čestotá, “frequency”)
* прича́стие (pričástie, “communion”)
* уча́стие (učástie, “participation”)
* у́част (účast, “lot, fate”)

### References

* “щастие”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “щастие”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
# dreser
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* dresel

### Etymology

Borrowed from English dresser.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “drèser in both NW and SW”

### Noun

dreser m (plural dreserau)
* dresser
    Synonym: seld

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “dreser”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dreser”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# first philosophy
## English
### Noun

first philosophy (uncountable)
* Metaphysics.
# -NIZH
## Navajo
### Root

-NIZH
* to pluck, pick, break

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| MOM | -níísh | -nizh | -nish | -ʼnish | -níísh |
| CON/DIS | -nizh | -nizh | -nish | -ʼnish | -nizh |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

#### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIZH (break SFO)

### References

* Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 340.
# acımasız
## Turkish
### Etymology

acıma +‎ -sız (“-less”), from acımak.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧cı‧ma‧sız

### Adjective

acımasız
* ruthless, brutal
    Synonyms: merhametsiz, zalim

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “acımasız”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “acımasız”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# luginë
## Albanian
### Etymology

A formation from lug with Albanian -inë suffix.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /luˈɡinə/, [lʊˈɡiːn]

### Noun

luginë f (plural lugina, definite lugina, definite plural luginat)
* valley
    Lugina e Vdekjes është djepi më i thellë që shtrihet në Amerikën Veriore, në teritorin e shtetit federal të Kalifornisë.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Vendndodhja gjeografike e Luginës së Preshevës është shumë e përshtatshme edhe pse ajo ndodhet në periferi të Kosovës, pasi ajo shtrihet jo vetëm në pjesën qëndrore të Gadishullit Ballkanik, por përmbledh edhe rrjedhat ujore të Moravës dhe Vardarit.The geographical location of the Presheva Valley is very convenient, even though it is located on the outskirts of Kosovo, as it lies not only in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, but also encompasses the watercourses of the Morava and Vardar.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “luginë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “luginë”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# blanquillo
## English
### Etymology

From Spanish blanquillo.

### Noun

blanquillo (plural blanquillos)
* tilefish (Malacanthidae spp.)

#### Derived terms

* banded blanquillo (Malacanthus latovittatus)
* blue blanquillo (Malacanthus latovittatus)
* flagtail blanquillo ((Malacanthus brevirostris)
* striped blanquillo (Malacanthus latovittatus)

## Spanish
### Etymology

From blanco (“white”) +‎ -illo (“diminutive suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blanˈkiʝo/ [blãŋˈki.ʝo]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /blanˈkiʝo/ [blãŋˈki.ʝo]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /blanˈkiʎo/ [blãŋˈki.ʎo]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /blanˈkiʃo/ [blãŋˈki.ʃo]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /blanˈkiʒo/ [blãŋˈki.ʒo]
* Rhymes: -iʝo
* Rhymes: -iʝo
* Rhymes: -iʎo
* Rhymes: -iʃo
* Rhymes: -iʒo
* Syllabification: blan‧qui‧llo

### Adjective

blanquillo (feminine blanquilla, masculine plural blanquillos, feminine plural blanquillas)
* whitish

### Noun

blanquillo m (plural blanquillos)
* tilefish (Malacanthidae spp.)
* Eggs

### Further reading

* “blanquillo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Kuwayt
## English
### Proper noun

Kuwayt
* Alternative spelling of Kuwait: A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: State of Kuwait. Capital: Kuwait City
# magħlaq
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaː.laʔ/
** IPA: /ˈmaˤː.laʔ/ (archaic)
** IPA: /ˈmaɣ.laʔ/ (archaic, rustic)

### Noun

magħlaq m (plural mgħalaq)
* (obsolete) a water enclosure to breed fish

#### Derived terms

* Il-Magħlaq
# Liebesverhältnis
## German
### Etymology

From Liebe +‎ -s- +‎ Verhältnis.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Lie‧bes‧ver‧hält‧nis

### Noun

Liebesverhältnis n (strong, genitive Liebesverhältnisses, plural Liebesverhältnisse)
* love affair

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.
# Blessing Ways
## English
### Noun

Blessing Ways
* plural of Blessing Way
# Grenoble
## English
### Etymology

From French Grenoble.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ɡɹəˈnoʊbəl/
* (UK) IPA: /ɡɹəˈnəʊbəl/

### Proper noun

Grenoble
* A commune in the French Alps in Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Blorenge, belonger

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French Graignovol, ultimately from Late Latin Grātiānopolis, named after the emperor Gratian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁə.nɔbl/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Proper noun

Grenoble f
* Grenoble (a city, the prefecture of the department of Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

#### Derived terms

* grenoblois
* Grenoblois
* noix de Grenoble

### Anagrams

* englober

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁeˈnɔ.bəl/, (also) /-ˈnoː-/, /-blə/

### Proper noun

Grenoble n (proper noun, genitive Grenobles or (optionally with an article) Grenoble)
* Grenoble (a city, the prefecture of the department of Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)
# conformen
## Catalan
### Verb

conformen
* third-person plural present indicative of conformar

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* conforme, confourme, confourmen

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French and Anglo-Norman conformer, confourmer, from Latin cōnfōrmō; equivalent to con- +‎ formen (“to create”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔnˈfɔrmən/, /kɔnˈfuːrmən/, /kɔnˈfurmən/, /kun-/

### Verb

conformen (third-person singular simple present conformeth, present participle conformende, conformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle conformed)
* To obey or assent to; to become compliant with:
** 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (often with to) To become similar; to take as an example.
** (rare) To approve, confirm, or certify (possibly as an error for confermen)
* (rare) To adapt or harmonise; to make accordant to.
* (rare) To shape or affect; to undergo modification by.

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Descendants

* English: conform
* Middle Scots: conforme

#### References

* “conformen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Spanish
### Verb

conformen
* inflection of conformar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative
# vjehrrit
## Albanian
### Noun

vjehrrit
* inflection of vjehërr:
** definite nominative/accusative plural
** definite dative/ablative singular
# Cholornis
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

* (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Cholornis m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Paradoxornithidae – certain parrotbills.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neognathae – infraclass; Neoaves – superorder; Passeriformes – order; Passeri - suborder; Passerida - infraorder; Sylvioidea - superfamily; Paradoxornithidae - family

### References

* Cholornis on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Cholornis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Cholornis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# nondiscriminatory
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ discriminatory.

### Adjective

nondiscriminatory (not comparable)
* Not discriminatory; not effecting or resulting in discrimination.

#### Alternative forms

* non-discriminatory
# magħluf
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈluːf/
* IPA: /maˤːˈluːf/ (archaic)

### Participle

magħluf (feminine magħlufa, plural magħlufin)
* past participle of għalef: fed, pastured
# -eiros
## Portuguese
### Suffix

-eiros
* masculine plural of -eiro
# White Sister
## English
### Noun

White Sister (plural White Sisters)
* A member of the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa, a Catholic missionary organization.
* A member of the Daughters of the Holy Spirit, a Catholic nursing organization.
# 'chas
## Yola
### Alternative forms

* chas

### Etymology

'ch- +‎ was

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃaz/

### Contraction

'chas
* I was
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 26:Ich as (or 'chas) greatly blin.I was greatly mistaken.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 30
# ܨܦܚܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Instance noun of ܡܨܲܦܸܚ (mṣappiḥ, “to attack”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [sˤappax.tɑː]

### Noun

ܨܲܦܲܚܬܵܐ • (ṣappaḥtā) m (plural ܨܲܦܲܚ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ṣappaḥyāṯā))
* attack
# vjehërr
## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *swexura, from Proto-Indo-European *sueḱue/or-, *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós, “father-in-law”), German Schwieger (“mother-in-law”), Old English sweor, Latin socer, Russian свёкор (svjókor), Serbo-Croatian svekar, Sanskrit श्वशुर (śvaśura), Armenian սկեսուր (skesur).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vjɛ.hər/

### Noun

vjehërr m
* father-in-law
* mother-in-law

#### Declension

When meaning "father-in-law":
When meaning "mother-in-law":

#### Related terms

* vjehrrë

### References

* ↑ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 422

### Further reading

* “vjehërr”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “vjehërr”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# निर्धूम
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्धूम (nirdhūma).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /nɪɾ.d̪ʱuːm/, [nɪɾ.d̪ʱũːm]

### Adjective

निर्धूम • (nirdhūm) (indeclinable)
* smokeless
** 1951, Hazariprasad Dwivedi, शिरीष के फूल [śirīṣ ke phūl]:जेठ की जलती धूप में, जबकि धरित्री निर्धूम अग्निकुंड बनी हुई थी, शिरीष नीचे से ऊपर तक फूलों से लद गया था।jeṭh kī jaltī dhūp mẽ, jabki dharitrī nirdhūm agnikuṇḍ banī huī thī, śirīṣ nīce se ūpar tak phūlõ se lad gayā thā.In the burning heat of Jyeṣṭha when the earth had become a smokeless fire pit, the siris tree was laden with flowers from bottom to top.

### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “निर्धूम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 2653

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* নিৰ্ধূম (Assamese script)
* ᬦᬶᬃᬥᬹᬫ (Balinese script)
* নির্ধূম (Bengali script)
* 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰠𑰳𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀽𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* နိရ်္ဓူမ (Burmese script)
* નિર્ધૂમ (Gujarati script)
* ਨਿਰ੍ਧੂਮ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌧𑍂𑌮 (Grantha script)
* ꦤꦶꦂꦣꦹꦩ (Javanese script)
* 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂡𑂴𑂧 (Kaithi script)
* ನಿರ್ಧೂಮ (Kannada script)
* និធ៌ូម (Khmer script)
* ນິຣ຺ຘູມ (Lao script)
* നിര്ധൂമ (Malayalam script)
* ᠨᡳᡵᢡᡠᡠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘠𑘴𑘦 (Modi script)
* ᠨᠢᠷᢑᠾᠤᠤᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧀𑧕𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐢𑐹𑐩 (Newa script)
* ନିର୍ଧୂମ (Odia script)
* ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢤꢹꢪ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆣𑆷𑆩 (Sharada script)
* 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖠𑖳𑖦 (Siddham script)
* නිර්‍ධූම (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩮𑩒𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚜𑚱𑚢 (Takri script)
* நிர்தூ⁴ம (Tamil script)
* నిర్ధూమ (Telugu script)
* นิรฺธูม (Thai script)
* ནི་རྡྷཱུ་མ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒡𑒴𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨜𑨃𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From निस्- (nis-) + धूम (dhūma).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /niɾ.dʱuː.mɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /n̪iɾ.d̪ʱuː.mɐ/

### Adjective

निर्धूम • (nirdhūma) stem
* smokeless
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 13.138.8:सुवर्णवर्णो निर्धूमः संहतोर्ध्वशिखः कविः । क्रुद्धेनाङ्गिरसा शप्तो गुणैर् एतैर् विवर्जितः ॥suvarṇavarṇo nirdhūmaḥ saṃhatordhvaśikhaḥ kaviḥ. kruddhenāṅgirasā śapto guṇair etair vivarjitaḥ.The wise man, smokeless and good-coloured, with the shikha high and struck together. Cursed by angry Aṅgiras, he was devoid of these qualities.

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “निर्धूम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 541.
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “nirdhūma”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
# סכמה
## Hebrew
### Alternative forms

* סכימה (excessive spelling)
* סכימא (Aramaic spelling)

### Etymology

Via various European languages from Ancient Greek σχῆμα (skhêma, “form, shape”), from ἔχω (ékhō, “I hold”). Compare sketch.

### Noun

סְכֶמָה • (skhéma) f (plural indefinite סְכֵמוֹת, singular construct סְכֵמָת־) סְכֵמָה • (skhéma) f (plural indefinite סְכֶמוֹת, singular construct סְכֶמָת־)
* a scheme, a blueprint (any detailed technical drawing)
    לפני שהם ניגשו לעבודה האדריכל הכין סכמה של הבניין. ― Before they went to work the architect prepared a scheme of the building.
* (mathematics) a scheme (a type of topological space)

#### Synonyms

* (blueprint): תוכנית / תׇּכְנִית