# πέσσω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πέττω (péttō) — Attic
* πέπτω (péptō) — Attic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *péťťō, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷ-ye-, from *pekʷ-. The alternative present stem πέπτω (péptō) was back-formed from the aorist by analogy with verbs like βλάπτω (bláptō), κόπτω (kóptō), κρύπτω (krúptō). Compare νίζω (nízō) and its alternative form νίπτω (níptō). Cognates include Latin coquō (whence English cook), Sanskrit पचति (pacati), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (paca$^i$ti), and Albanian pjek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pés.sɔː/ → /ˈpes.so/ → /ˈpe.so/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pés.sɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpes.so/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpes.so/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpes.so/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpe.so/

### Verb

πέσσω • (péssō)
* to soften, ripen
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 780b.10
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 944a.13
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.119
* to boil, cook, bake
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 505
** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 869
** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 1136
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.160
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.37
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.137
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 372b
* to digest
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 718b.21
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 762a.15
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 381b.12
** 350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 677b.31
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Ancient Medicine 11
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Eumenes 11
* (figuratively) to brood
** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.283
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.513
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.513
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.565
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.617
** 340 BCE – 285 BCE, Philitas, Collected Works 1
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.186
** (of diseases)
*** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Regimen in Acute Diseases 42

#### Synonyms

* λεπάζω (lepázō)

#### Derived terms

* ἀνᾰπέσσω (anăpéssō)
* ἀντῐπέσσομαι (antĭpéssomai)
* βρᾰδύπεπτος (brădúpeptos)
* ἐκπέσσω (ekpéssō)
* ἐπῐπέσσω (epĭpéssō)
* ἐσχᾰρόπεπτος (eskhărópeptos)
* ἡλιόπεπτος (hēliópeptos)
* ἡμίπεπτος (hēmípeptos)
* νεόπεπτος (neópeptos)
* περιπέσσω (peripéssō)
* πέψις (pépsis)
* προπέσσω (propéssō)
* σῠμπέσσω (sŭmpéssō)
* ὑπερπέσσω (huperpéssō)
* φῐλάπεπτος (phĭlápeptos)

#### Related terms

* ἄπεπτος (ápeptos)
* δρῠπεπής (drŭpepḗs)
* δύσπεπτος (dúspeptos)
* εὔπεπτος (eúpeptos)
* πέμμᾰ (pémmă)
* πεπαίνω (pepaínō)
* πέπᾰνος (pépănos)
* πεπασμός (pepasmós)
* πέπειρος (pépeiros)
* πεπτήρῐος (peptḗrĭos)
* πεπτῐκός (peptĭkós)
* πεπτός (peptós)
* πέπτρῐᾰ (péptrĭă)
* πέπων (pépōn)
* πέψῐς (pépsĭs)
* πόπᾰνον (pópănon)

#### References

* “πέσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πέσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πέσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πέσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πέσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “πέσσω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter