# 荒唐
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huāngtáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤ ㄊㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$ tong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fông-thòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong-tông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ tang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huāngtáng → huāngtang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤ ㄊㄤˊ → ㄏㄨㄤ ˙ㄊㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huangtång
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^1$-tʻang$^5$
*** Yale: hwāng-tang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huang.tarng
*** Palladius: хуантан (xuantan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/ → /xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$ tong$^4$
*** Yale: fōng tòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$ tong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$ tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$方糖 荒唐
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-thòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˊ$ tong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^1$ tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-tông
*** Tâi-lô: hong-tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongdoong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ tang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang thâng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xwang dang
Rime :
| Character | 荒 | 唐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼光切 | 徒郎切 |
| Baxter | xwang | dang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hwɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwaŋ/ | /daŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xwɑŋ/ | /dʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huāng | táng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ | tong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤaŋ [N-]rˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmaːŋ ɡl'aːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 荒 | 唐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huāng | táng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwang › | ‹ dang › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁaŋ/ | /*[N-]rˁaŋ/ |
| English | wasteland; uncultivated land | exaggerate; great |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 荒 | 唐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12649 | 3959 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 | 庚 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 荒 | 唐 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmaːŋ/ | /*ɡl'aːŋ/ |

### Adjective

荒唐
* absurd; ridiculous; preposterous
* dissipated; loose; unrestrained; indulgent
* (obsolete) fantastical; imaginary; fanciful
    From: c. early 9th century, Han Yu (韓愈), Farewell to Meng Dongye (《送孟東野序》)
    Qí mò yě, Zhuāng Zhōu yǐ qí huāngtáng zhī cí míng. [Pinyin]
    As (the era of Zhou) comes to its end, Zhuang Zhou makes it heard with his words of wild fantasy.
* (obsolete) vast; boundless

#### Synonyms

* (absurd):
* 乖謬 / 乖谬 (guāimiù) (literary)
* 可笑 (kěxiào)
* 好笑 (hǎoxiào)
* 悖謬 / 悖谬 (bèimiù)
* 荒誕 / 荒诞 (huāngdàn)
* 荒謬 / 荒谬 (huāngmiù)
* 謬妄 / 谬妄 (miùwàng) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 放肆荒唐
* 滿紙荒唐言，一把辛酸淚 / 满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪
* 荒唐不經 / 荒唐不经
* 荒唐之言
* 荒唐無稽 / 荒唐无稽

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 荒 | 唐 |
| こう Grade: S | とう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ːto̞ː]

### Noun

荒(こう)唐(とう) • (kōtō)
* absurdity

### Adjective

荒(こう)唐(とう) • (kōtō) -na (adnominal 荒(こう)唐(とう)な (kōtō na), adverbial 荒(こう)唐(とう)に (kōtō ni))
* absurd; ridiculous; nonsensical

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 荒唐だろ | こうとうだろ | kōtō daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 荒唐で | こうとうで | kōtō de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 荒唐だ | こうとうだ | kōtō da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 荒唐な | こうとうな | kōtō na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 荒唐なら | こうとうなら | kōtō nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 荒唐であれ | こうとうであれ | kōtō de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 荒唐ではない 荒唐じゃない | こうとうではない こうとうじゃない | kōtō de wa nai kōtō ja nai |
| Informal past | 荒唐だった | こうとうだった | kōtō datta |
| Informal negative past | 荒唐ではなかった 荒唐じゃなかった | こうとうではなかった こうとうじゃなかった | kōtō de wa nakatta kōtō ja nakatta |
| Formal | 荒唐です | こうとうです | kōtō desu |
| Formal negative | 荒唐ではありません 荒唐じゃありません | こうとうではありません こうとうじゃありません | kōtō de wa arimasen kōtō ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 荒唐でした | こうとうでした | kōtō deshita |
| Formal negative past | 荒唐ではありませんでした 荒唐じゃありませんでした | こうとうではありませんでした こうとうじゃありませんでした | kōtō de wa arimasen deshita kōtō ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 荒唐で | こうとうで | kōtō de |
| Conditional | 荒唐なら（ば） | こうとうなら（ば） | kōtō nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 荒唐だったら | こうとうだったら | kōtō dattara |
| Volitional | 荒唐だろう | こうとうだろう | kōtō darō |
| Adverbial | 荒唐に | こうとうに | kōtō ni |
| Degree | 荒唐さ | こうとうさ | kōtōsa |

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 荒 | 唐 |

### Noun

荒唐 • (hwangdang) (hangeul 황당)
* hanja form of 황당 (“absurdity”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 荒 | 唐 |

### Adjective

荒唐
* chữ Hán form of hoang đường (“ridiculous, sounding made-up, almost certainly delusional or fictitious; bogus, false, nonsensical, preposterous”).