# 弓箭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gōngjiàn
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гунҗян (gunži͡an, I-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ zin$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiûng-chien
    (Hailu, HRS): giung$^ˋ$ zien$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Putian, Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng$^1$ zieng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): keng-chìⁿ / kiong-chìⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongjiàn
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chien$^4$
*** Yale: gūng-jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjiann
*** Palladius: гунцзянь (gunczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$公建 工件 工建 弓箭
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунҗян (gunži͡an, I-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ²⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ zin$^3$
*** Yale: gūng jin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ dzin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng-chien
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˊ$ jien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giung$^1$ jian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si̯en⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˋ$ zien$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiuŋ⁵³ t͡sien¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^1$ zieng$^4$ [Phonetic: goeng$^5$ nieng$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤ng-cia̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$niɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-chìⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: king-tsìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kengcvix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-chìⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kiong-tsìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongcvix
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ²¹/

### Noun

弓箭
* bow and arrow (Classifier: 副 m)
    From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), translation by Peter Harris
    Jūnmǎ yì shì luǒtǐ xiǎnzú, yòushǒu zhí biào qiāng, zuǒshǒu zhí zhàn pái, bié wú suǒwèi gōngjiàn, pàoshí, jiǎzhòu zhī shǔ. [Pinyin]
    The soldiers, too, go naked and barefoot. In their right hand they carry a lance, and in their left hand a shield. They have nothing that could be called bows and arrows, trebuchets, body armor, helmets, or the like.

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 弓矢 (gōngshǐ)

#### Derived terms

* 弓箭手 (gōngjiànshǒu)
* 弓箭步 (gōngjiànbù)
* 開弓沒有回頭箭 / 开弓没有回头箭 (kāigōng méiyǒu huítóu jiàn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 弓箭(きゅうせん) (kyūsen)
* → Korean: 궁전(弓箭) (gungjeon)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “弓箭”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* “Entry #693”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “弓箭”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 209.