# 瑕

| 瑕 | U+7455, &#29781; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7455 |
| ← 瑔 [U+7454] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瑖 → [U+7456] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瑕 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一土口尸水 (MGRSE), four-corner 1714$_7$, composition ⿰𤣩叚)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 737, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21120
* Dae Jaweon: page 1148, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1128, character 14
* Unihan data for U+7455

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瑕 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 葭 | *kraː |
| 麚 | *kraː |
| 瘕 | *kraː, *kraːʔ |
| 豭 | *kraː |
| 貑 | *kraː |
| 猳 | *kraː |
| 犌 | *kraː |
| 假 | *kraːʔ, *kraːs |
| 嘏 | *kraːʔ |
| 婽 | *kraːʔ |
| 椵 | *kraːʔ |
| 叚 | *kraːʔ |
| 蝦 | *qʰraː, *ɡraː |
| 煆 | *qʰraː, *qʰraːs |
| 霞 | *ɡraː |
| 遐 | *ɡraː |
| 瑕 | *ɡraː |
| 鰕 | *ɡraː |
| 碬 | *ɡraː |
| 蕸 | *ɡraː |
| 赮 | *ɡraː |
| 鍜 | *ɡraː |
| 騢 | *ɡraː |
| 暇 | *ɡraːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraː): semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiá (xia$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haa$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hà
* Eastern Min (BUC): hà
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hia$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siá
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^2$
*** Yale: syá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^4$
*** Yale: hàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hà
*** Hakka Romanization System: ha$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ha$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hà
*** Sinological IPA : /ha⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâ
*** Tâi-lô: hâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ha²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ha²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hia$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâ
*** Sinological IPA : /hia⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hae
Rime :
| Character | 瑕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡加切 |
| Baxter | hae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣa/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haa$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瑕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁra/ |
| English | flaw, blemish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瑕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5967 |
| Phonetic component | 叚 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遐 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraː/ |
| Notes | 叚轉註字 |

### Definitions

瑕
* (alt. form 假) (literary) flaw; blemish

### Compounds

* 吹毛取瑕
* 吹毛求瑕
* 尋瑕索瘢 / 寻瑕索瘢
* 抉瑕掩瑜
* 抉瑕擿釁 / 抉瑕擿衅
* 抵瑕蹈隙
* 指瑕
* 指瑕造隙
* 捐忿與瑕 / 捐忿与瑕
* 掩瑕藏疾
* 棄瑕取用 / 弃瑕取用
* 棄瑕錄用 / 弃瑕录用
* 洗垢匿瑕
* 滌瑕 / 涤瑕
* 滌瑕蕩垢 / 涤瑕荡垢
* 滌瑕蕩穢 / 涤瑕荡秽
* 滌穢蕩瑕 / 涤秽荡瑕
* 潔白無瑕 / 洁白无瑕
* 無瑕 / 无瑕 (wúxiá)
* 無瑕可擊 / 无瑕可击
* 瑜不掩瑕
* 瑕不掩瑜 (xiábùyǎnyú)
* 瑕玷
* 瑕瑜
* 瑕瑜互見 / 瑕瑜互见
* 瑕疵 (xiácī)
* 瑕謫 / 瑕谪
* 瑕釁 / 瑕衅
* 疵瑕
* 白玉微瑕
* 白玉有瑕
* 白玉無瑕 / 白玉无瑕
* 白璧之瑕
* 白璧微瑕 (báibì-wēixiá)
* 白璧無瑕 / 白璧无瑕 (báibì-wúxiá)
* 美玉無瑕 / 美玉无瑕
* 蕩瑕滌穢 / 荡瑕涤秽
* 赤瑕

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Kun: きず (kizu, 瑕)、なんぞ (nanzo, 瑕ぞ)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 瑕
* か Hyōgai
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 瑕 (MC hae).

#### Affix

瑕(か) • (ka)
* blemish, flaw

##### Derived terms

* 瑕(か)瑾(きん), 瑕(か)瑾(きん) (kakin)
* 瑕(か)疵(し) (kashi)
* 細(さい)瑕(か) (saika)
* 疵(し)瑕(か) (shika)
* 小(しょう)瑕(か) (shōka)
* 微(び)瑕(か) (bika)

#### Noun

瑕(か) • (ka)
* a flaw

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 瑕
* きず Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 瑕 – see the following entry. :
| 【傷きず】6 | [noun] any form of shallow wound: an injury, cut, scar [noun] any kind of light damage: a chip, scratch, blemish, stain Alternative spellings 疵, 創, キズ |
(This term, 瑕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Derived terms

* 瑕(きず)に玉(たま) (kizu ni tama)
* 玉(たま)に瑕(きず) (tama ni kizu)

## Korean
### Hanja

瑕 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Attested phonetically as 岐受 in the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794.
From Proto-Japonic *kensu; the mid-vowel is reconstructed on the basis of the Southern Ryukyuan cognates.

### Noun

瑕 (ki₁zu)
* any form of shallow wound: a blemish, injury, scar
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 897:...世間能宇計久都良計久伊等能伎提痛伎瘡爾波鹹塩遠灌知布何其等久...yo₂no₂naka no₂ uke₁ku turake₁ku ito₂ no₂ ki₁te itaki₁ ki₁zu ni pa karasipo wo so₂so₂ku tipu ga go₂to₂ku...In this world of gloom and hardship like a painful wound being poured with salt...
* any kind of light damage: a crack, flaw, scratch
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Age of the gods, part 1:, Kitano-bon glosses:
    是時、以$_レ$鏡入$_二$其石窟$_一$者、觸$_レ$戸小瑕。其瑕於$_レ$秡今猶存。At this time, when the mirror was set in the rock-cave, it makes contact with the door with a slight crack. This damage remains to this day.

#### Derived terms

* 小瑕 (ko₁ki₁zu)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 傷 (kizu)

### References

* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 241
* 1 2 “きず 【傷・疵・瑕・創】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瑕: Hán Nôm readings: hà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.