# 坊

| 坊 | U+574A, &#22346; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-574A |
| ← 坉 [U+5749] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 坋 → [U+574B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

坊 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土卜竹尸 (GYHS), four-corner 4012$_7$, composition ⿰土方)

#### Derived characters

* 𠩝

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4924
* Dae Jaweon: page 459, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 427, character 1
* Unihan data for U+574A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paŋ, *baŋ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fāng, fǎng (fang$^1$, fang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ, ㄈㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hng / hong / hóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ / huang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fang
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^1$
*** Yale: fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^3$
*** Yale: fǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$
*** Yale: fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hng
*** Tâi-lô: hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hngf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
*** Tâi-lô: hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
*** Tâi-lô: hóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
* hng - vernacular;
* hong, hóng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: pjang
Rime :
| Character | 坊 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 府良切 |
| Baxter | pjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /piwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*paŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 3025 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 方 |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋ/ |
| Notes | 見淮南子 |

#### Definitions

坊
* lane; alley
** 牛巷坊 ― Niúxiàngfāng ― Niuxiangfang (alley in Futian District, Shenzhen)
* store
* paifang
* a surname

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fáng, fāng, fǎng (fang$^2$, fang$^1$, fang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ, ㄈㄤ, ㄈㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$ / fong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hng / hong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^2$
*** Yale: fáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fang
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^1$
*** Yale: fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^3$
*** Yale: fǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$ / fong$^2$
*** Yale: fōng / fóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$ / fong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$ / fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /fɔːŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hng
*** Tâi-lô: hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hngf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
*** Tâi-lô: hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
* hng - vernacular;
* hong - literary.

#### Definitions

坊
* workshop

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fáng (fang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^2$
*** Yale: fáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^4$
*** Yale: fòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: bjang
Rime :
| Character | 坊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符方切 |
| Baxter | bjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /biuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱiwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 坊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]aŋ/ |
| English | dike |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坊 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 3054 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 房 |
| Old Chinese | /*baŋ/ |
| Notes | 同防見禮記 |

#### Definitions

坊
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 防
** dam; embankment
** to guard against

### Compounds

* 伎坊
* 作坊
* 兌坊 / 兑坊
* 冶坊
* 劇坊 / 剧坊
* 哺坊
* 坊佐
* 坊刻本
* 坊子 (Fāngzǐ)
* 坊市 (fángshì)
* 坊廂 / 坊厢
* 坊曲
* 坊本
* 坊牌
* 坊記 / 坊记
* 坊門 / 坊门
* 坊間 / 坊间 (fāngjiān)
* 坊隅
* 安濟坊 / 安济坊
* 宮坊 / 宫坊
* 寶坊 / 宝坊
* 工作坊 (gōngzuòfáng)
* 平康坊
* 建坊
* 教坊 (jiàofāng)
* 教坊司
* 教坊記 / 教坊记
* 書坊 / 书坊 (shūfāng)
* 本因坊
* 東馬坊 / 东马坊 (Dōngmǎfáng)
* 染坊
* 槽坊 (cáofáng)
* 櫃坊賭局 / 柜坊赌局
* 水作坊
* 池坊流
* 油坊
* 濰坊 / 潍坊 (Wéifāng)
* 焗坊
* 牌坊 (páifāng)
* 當坊土地 / 当坊土地
* 碾坊
* 磨坊 (mòfáng)
* 節婦坊 / 节妇坊
* 粉坊 (fěnfáng)
* 糟坊 (zāofáng)
* 紙坊 / 纸坊 (zhǐfáng)
* 紙坊沖 / 纸坊冲 (Zhǐfángchōng)
* 紺坊 / 绀坊
* 老街坊
* 茗坊
* 茶坊 (cháfáng)
* 蕃坊
* 街坊
* 街坊鄰居 / 街坊邻居
* 街坊鄰舍 / 街坊邻舍
* 街里街坊
* 貞節牌坊 / 贞节牌坊
* 酒坊
* 醬坊 / 酱坊 (jiàngfáng)
* 門坊 / 门坊
* 開坊 / 开坊
* 雞坊 / 鸡坊
* 麵坊 / 面坊

### References

* “坊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* a monk's residence
* monk
* boy, "sonny"
* precinct of a city

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼっ (bo', Jōyō $^†$)

## Korean
### Hanja

坊 (eum 방 (bang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

坊: Hán Việt readings: phường
坊: Nôm readings: phương, phường
* chữ Hán form of phường (“ward”).

### References

* Nom Foundation