# lis
## Translingual
### Symbol

lis
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Lisu.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Lisu terms

## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

lis (plural lisses)
* (heraldry) Fleur-de-lis.
** 1915, Guy Cadogan Rothery, ABC of Heraldry, page 175:[…] it may be dimidiated: for instance, half a rose and half a lis being stuck together, or half a lis and half an eagle.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

lis
* plural of li

### Etymology 3

From Latin lis (“quarrel, lawsuit”).

#### Noun

lis
* (law) The substance of a legal dispute.

### Anagrams

* ILS, ILs, ISL, LSI, SIL, SLI, Sil, isl., sil

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch list, from Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ləs/

### Noun

lis (plural liste)
* A ruse, a trick, a cunning plan.

#### Derived terms

* listig

## Albanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lis/

### Etymology 1

Most likely a formation after lëndë (“timber”), similarly to the connection of vis with vend. Alternatively, Orel suggests a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“forest, woods”), whence Serbo-Croatian lȇs / ле̑с, Bulgarian лес (les), although in this case one would expect the auslaut to have gone palatalization. Because of the /-i-/ < *-ě-, the Slavic dialect is identified as Ikavian.

#### Noun

lis m (plural lisa, definite lisi, definite plural lisat)
* oak (Quercus, specifically Q. robur)
    Synonym: dushk
    Coordinate terms: bung, ilqe, qarr, shpardh
* tall tree
* (genealogy) lineage
    lis i gjakut ― patrilineal descendants
    lis i gjinisë ― matrilineal descendants

##### Hyponyms

* lis i bardhë (“Quercus cerris”)
* lis bujk (“Quercus trojana”)
* lis i butë (“Quercus pubescens”)
* lis i egër (“Ilex”)

#### Adjective

lis (feminine lise)
* (figurative) strong and tall

##### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

#### References

* ↑ Martin. E. Huld, Basic Albanian Etymologies (Columbus, OH: Slavica, 1984), 86.
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “lis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
* ↑ Anila Omari, s.v. ‘lis’, in Marrëdhëniet gjuhësore shqiptaro-serbe (Tirana: Kristalina KH, 2012), 185.

#### Further reading

* “lis”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “lis”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *leitšja, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to pour”). Cognate with Latin libare (“to pour, to libate”), Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿 (leiþu, “fruit wine”).

#### Verb

lis (aorist lysa, participle lysur)
* to pour

##### Derived terms

* lise

##### Related terms

* lot

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin ille (“that one”).

### Pronoun

lis
* (to) them (indirect object)

#### Synonyms

* les

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈlis]

### Noun

lis m (plural lisos)
* Sprekelia formosissima (Jacobean lily)
    Synonym: lliri azteca

#### Derived terms

* flor de lis

### Further reading

* “lis” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech lis (“press”), from Proto-Slavic *lisъ (“fox”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɪs]

### Noun

lis m inan
* (machine) press, squeezer
    Synonym: pres

#### Derived terms

* lisovat

#### Related terms

* liška
* lísat

### Further reading

* “lis”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “lis”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “lis”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) lisch

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch lesch, lesche, lisc, lyse; probably from the same ultimate origin as Old High German liska, which see (modern German Liesch).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɪs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: lis

### Noun

lis m or n (plural lissen, diminutive lisje n)
* an iris, a plant of the genus Iris

#### Derived terms

* gele lis
* lisdodde
* Siberische lis

### Further reading

* lis on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Franco-Provençal
### Alternative forms

* lire

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin lilium.

### Noun

lis m (plural lis) (ORB, broad)
* lily

### References

* lys in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* lis in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French lis, from Old French lis, generalised from the nominative singular and accusative plural of earlier lil, from Latin lilium. The final /s/ survives from the Middle French pausal pronunciation (as in fils, ours, os, tous, etc.), but fleur de lis was formerly also pronounced with /li/.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lis/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: lice, lices, lisse, lissent, lisses

#### Noun

lis m (plural lis)
* lily

##### Alternative forms

* lys

##### Derived terms

* fleur de lis
* lis de mer

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li/

#### Verb

lis
* inflection of lire:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular present imperative

### Further reading

* “lis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* ils, s’il

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin illas, accusative feminine plural of illae.

### Article

lis f pl (singular la)
* the

#### See also

* i

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French liste (“list”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lis/

### Noun

lis
* list

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* les

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɪs]
* Hyphenation: lis

### Etymology 1

From Dutch lijst, from Italian lista, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).

#### Noun

lis
* list, a register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself.
    Synonym: daftar

### Etymology 2

From Dutch lijst, from Middle Dutch lijste, from Old Dutch *līsta, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).

#### Noun

lis
* frame, border.
    Synonym: bingkai

### Further reading

* “lis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Old Latin stlīs, from Proto-Italic *slītis (“accusation, dispute”), likely from Proto-Indo-European *sliH-ti-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyH-, related to Old Irish liid (“accuse, charge”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /liːs/, [lʲiːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /lis/, [lis]

### Noun

līs f (genitive lītis); third declension
* lawsuit, action
* contention, strife, quarrel
    Synonyms: rixa, certatus, iūrgium
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.29–30:līte vacent aurēs, īnsānaque prōtinus absint iūrgia; differ opus, līvida lingua, tuum!1851 translation by Henry T. RileyLet our ears be relieved from strife, and forthwith let maddening discords he far away; and thou envious tongue, postpone thy occupation.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* lītigō

#### Descendants

* Galician: lide
* Italian: lite
* Portuguese: lide
* Sicilian: liti
* Spanish: lid

#### See also

* causa
* crīmen
* quaestiō
* rēs

### References

* “lis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "lis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* lis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the case is still undecided: adhuc sub iudice lis est (Hor. A. P. 77) to lose one's case: causā or lite cadere (owing to some informality) chicanery (specially of wrongfully accusing an innocent man): calumniae litium (Mil. 27. 74) (ambiguous) to go to law with, sue a person: litem alicui intendere (ambiguous) to win a case: causam or litem obtinere (ambiguous) to lose one's case: causam or litem amittere, perdere
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lʲɪs̪]

### Verb

lìs
* third-person singular future of lyti
* third-person plural future of lyti

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lisъ (“fox”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈlis/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈlis/

### Noun

lis m inan
* winepress

#### Related terms

* lisa
* lisicě
* liška
* lísati

#### Descendants

* Czech: lis

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “lis”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lisъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlis/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: lis
* Homophone: Lis

### Noun

lis m animal (female equivalent lisica, diminutive lisek, augmentative lisisko)
* fox (Vulpini, especially the genus Vulpes)
* (colloquial) fox fur

#### Derived terms

* lisaty
* lisawy
* lisi
* lisiątko
* lisię
* lisiura
* lisowaty
* lisowczyk
* liszka

### Noun

lis m pers
* (colloquial) a clever or cunning person; fox

#### Declension
### Further reading

* lis in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* lis in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lisse.

### Adjective

lis m or n (feminine singular lisă, masculine plural liși, feminine and neuter plural lise)
* smooth

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlis/ [ˈlis]
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: lis

### Noun

lis f (plural lises)
* lily
    Synonym: lirio
* fleur-de-lis
    Synonym: flor de lis

### Further reading

* “lis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10