# ap
## English
### Etymology 1

Abbreviation of apothecaries'.

### Adjective

ap (not comparable)
* Abbreviation of apothecaries' system.
    ap oz ― apothecaries’ ounce

### Etymology 2

ap
* (stenoscript) Abbreviation of appreciate and related forms of that word (appreciating, appreciated, appreciation, appreciative, etc.)

### Anagrams

* PA, Pa, Pa., p.a., pa

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* jap — Tosk

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eio/e-, from *h₁ep- (“to take”). The verb is suppletive with past dhashë and participle dhënë from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːp/

### Verb

ap (aorist dhashë, participle dhënë) (Gheg)
* to give

#### Conjugation

* active voice (same as jap (“to give”), except without [j-])
* Show compound tenses:

### References

* ↑ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* ↑ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 79

## Angguruk Yali
### Noun

ap
* man

### References

* Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 156

## Chuukese
### Interjection

ap
* Alternative spelling of apw (“no”)

## Finnish
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːmuˌpæi̯ʋælːæ/, [ˈɑ̝ːmuˌpæi̯ʋælːæ] (usually)
* IPA: /ˈɑːˌpeː/, [ˈɑ̝ːˌpe̞ː] (rarely)
* Rhymes: -æiʋælːæ, -eː

#### Adverb

ap (not comparable)
* Alternative form of ap.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːˌpeː/, [ˈɑ̝ːˌpe̞ː]
* Rhymes: -eː
* Hyphenation: a‧p

#### Noun

ap (informal)
* Abbreviation of aamupäivä (“morning; hours roughly from the beginning of the working hours to the noon”).
    Synonym: aamupäivä
    Minulla on ap vapaana.I have the morning free.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːˌpeː/, [ˈɑ̝ːˌpe̞ː]
* Rhymes: -eː
* Hyphenation: a‧p

#### Noun

ap
* Alternative form of AP

### Anagrams

* -pa

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From Saint Dominican Creole French après, from French après.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap/

### Adverb

ap
* Indicates the continuous aspect.
** 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎:Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.
* Indicates a future tense that is relatively certain to happen.

### References

* Lefebvre, Claire. "The tense, mood and aspect system of Haitian Creole and the problem of transmission of grammar in creole genesis", Université du Québec à Montréal, 1996

## Latvian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Preposition

ap
* round, around
    Bērni skrien ap galdu. ― Children run around the table.
* by, near, about
* about, around
    Viņš atnāca ap pieciem. ― He came around five o'clock.

#### Synonyms

* apkārt
* apmēram
* aptuveni

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

Confer Arabic عَمّ (ʕamm), Persian عمو ('amu), Turkish amca, all with the same meaning.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːp/

### Noun

ap m (Arabic spelling ئاپ)
* paternal uncle (brother of one's father)
    Synonym: mam

#### Declension
### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ap”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 9

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

ap
* imperative of ape

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* abb

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ab]

### Noun

ap m (genitive apad)
* (Christianity) abbot
* (by extension) leader, lord
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 26$^a$8
    Seiss i tempul amal do·n-essid Críst; ꝉ do·géntar aidchumtach tempuil less, et pridchibid smactu rechto fetarlicce, et gébtit Iudei i n-apid, et ɔ·scéra rect núíadnissi.He will sit in the temple as Christ sat; or rebuilding of the temple will be done by him, and he will preach the institutes of the law of the Old Testament, and the Jews will accept him as lord, and he will destroy the law of the New Testament.

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: ab
* Manx: abb
* Scottish Gaelic: aba

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ap”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* āp

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आप् (āp).

### Root

ap (Pali name apa)
* to attain
    Hyponym: pāp

#### Derived terms

* pappoti
* pāpuṇāti
* pāpana
* pāpuṇana

## Quiripi
### Noun

ap
* (Unquachog) bread

### References

* Thomas Jefferson (1791) A vocabulary of the Language of the Unquachog Indians (in Quiripi)

## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian op, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *upp. Cognates include West Frisian op and German auf.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap/
* Hyphenation: ap
* Rhymes: -ap

### Preposition

ap (neuter or distal adverb deerap, proximal adverb hierap, interrogative adverb wierap)
* on
* onto

### Adverb

ap
* up

### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “ap”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *appi.

### Noun

ap
* father-in-law

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “свёкор”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Welsh
### Etymology

From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”). Cognate with Breton prefix ab- and more distantly Irish and Scottish Gaelic mac.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap/
* Rhymes: -ap

### Prefix

ap
* A patronymic indicator; son of.

#### Usage notes

This form is found before consonants. Before a vowel, the form ab is used.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ap”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yola
### Alternative forms

* up

### Etymology

From Middle English ap, up, from Old English upp.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap/, /ʊp/

### Adverb

ap
* up
** 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,

#### Derived terms

* apan

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 96