# سلم
## Arabic

| ﷸ | U+FDF8, &#65016; ARABIC LIGATURE WASALLAM ISOLATED FORM |
| ← ﷷ [U+FDF7] | Arabic Presentation Forms-A | ﷹ → [U+FDF9] |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /silm/

#### Noun

سِلْم or سَلْم • (silm or salm) m or f
* (uncountable) peace
    Antonym: حَرْب (ḥarb)
    إِنْ أَرَدْتَ السِّلْمَ فَتَأَهَّبْ لِلْحَرْبِ.ʔin ʔaradta as-silma fa-taʔahhab li-l-ḥarbi.If you want peace, then prepare for war.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:61:وَإِن جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَٱجْنَحْ لَهَاwa-ʔin janaḥū li-s-salmi fa-jnaḥ lahāAnd if they incline to peace, incline to it too.

##### Declension
#### Adjective

سِلْم or سَلْم • (silm or salm)
* peaceful
    أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِي.ʔana silmun liman sālama-nī.I am peaceful to him who keeps peace to me.

##### Declension
#### Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m
* submission, surrender
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:87:وَأَلْقَوْا إِلَى ٱللَّٰهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ ٱلسَّلَمَ ۖ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَwa-ʔalqaw ʔilā llāhi yawmaʔiḏin s-salama, wa-ḍalla ʕanhum mā kānū yaftarūnaAnd they proffer unto God on that day submission, and the idols they fell for failed them.

##### Declension
#### Adjective

سَلَم • (salam)
* in peace
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 39:29:ضَرَبَ ٱللّٰهُ مَثَلًا رَّجُلًا فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِّرَجُلٍ هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًا ۚ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَḍaraba llāhu maṯalan rajulan fīhi šurakāʔu mutašākisūna wa-rajulan salaman li-rajulin hal yastawiyāni maṯalan. al-ḥamdu li-llāhi. bal ʔakṯaruhum lā yaʕlamūnaGod coined a simile: A man with various partners disputing and a man in peace. Are the two equal in the simile? Praise be to God! But most of them know not.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Aramaic סוּלַם (sulam), with influence from Hebrew סֻלָּם (sullām) – compare against Classical Syriac ܣܒܠܬܐ (sebbelṯā) and Classical Mandaic ࡎࡅࡌࡁࡉࡋࡕࡀ (sumbiltā) – from Akkadian 𒄑𒄿𒇻 (simmiltum, “stair; stairs; ladder”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sul.lam/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

سُلَّم • (sullam) f or m (plural سَلَالِم (salālim))
* ladder, stairs
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:35:وَإِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكَ إِعْرَاضُهُمْ فَإِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتَ أَن تَبْتَغِيَ نَفَقًا فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ سُلَّمًا فِي ٱلسَّمَاءِ فَتَأْتِيَهُم بِآيَةٍwaʔin kāna kabura ʕalayka ʔiʕrāḍuhum faʔini staṭaʕta ʔan tabtaḡiya nafaqan fī l-ʔarḍi ʔaw sullaman fī s-samāʔi fataʔtiyahum biʔāyatinAnd if their aversion is grievous unto thee, then, if thou canst, seek a way down into the earth or a ladder unto the sky that thou mayst bring unto them a portent (to convince them all)!Translates Pickthall

##### Derived terms

* سُلَّمَة (sullama, “stair, step”)

#### References

* “swlm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 177
* Schwally, Friedrich (1899) “Lexikalische Studien. (Fortsetzung.)”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 53, page 197
* Soden, Wolfram von (1933) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 41, pages 230–231 / Nr. 50
** Addendum: Landsberger, Benno (1934) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 42, page 166

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

سَلِمَ • (salima) I (non-past يَسْلَمُ (yaslamu), verbal noun سَلَامَة (salāma) or سَلَام (salām))
* to be safe, to be well
* to be free (from); to become free (from), to escape (from)
** a. 965 C.E., Al-Mutanabbi
    لَا يَسْلَمُ الشَّرَفُ الرَّفِيعُ مِنَ الْأَذَى حَتَّى يُرَاقَ عَلَى جَوَانِبِهِ الدَّمُlā yaslamu aš-šarafu r-rafīʕu mina l-ʔaḏā ḥattā yurāqa ʕalā jawānibihi d-damu(please add an English translation of this quotation)
       High honor is not spared from harm until blood has been shed at its sides.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4

Cognates include Hebrew שלם and Aramaic שלם.

#### Verb

سَلَّمَ • (sallama) II (non-past يُسَلِّمُ (yusallimu), verbal noun تَسْلِيم (taslīm))
* (transitive) to surrender
* to submit to, to be submissive to; to succumb, to yield or to surrender to
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:65:فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًاfa-lā wa-rabbika lā yuʔminūna ḥattā yuḥakkimūka fīmā šajara baynahum ṯumma lā yajidū fī ʔanfusihim ḥarajan mimmā qaḍayta wa-yusallimū taslīmanBut nay, by thy Lord, they will not believe until they make thee judge about the dispute arising between them and find between themselves no trammel from what thou rulest and submit with whole submission.
* to greet (with عَلَى (ʕalā))
* to make safe, to keep safe, to protect
    اللّٰهُ يُسَلِّمُكَallāhu yusallimukayou're welcome; may God protect you; get well soon; goodbye (as an answer)(literally, “may God protect you”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:43:إِذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّٰهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلًا ۖ وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيرًا لَّفَشِلْتُمْ وَلَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي ٱلْأَمْرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّٰهَ سَلَّمَ ۗ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِʔiḏ yurīkahumu llāhu fī manāmika qalīlan, wa-law ʔarākahum kaṯīran la-fašiltum wa-la-tanāzaʕtum fī l-ʔamri wa-lākinna llāha sallama, ʔinnahu ʕalīmun bi-ḏāti ṣ-ṣudūriWhen God showed them unto thee in thy dream as few, and if he had shown them to thee as many, ye would have dithered and would have made a fuss of the matter, but God kept you safe of it, for he knows how the breasts of the people go.
* to hand over, to deliver
    فقالَ لِأتباعِهِ أكثَرَ مِن مَرَّةٍ إنَّهُ سيُسَلَّمُ.He told his followers more than once that he would be handed over.
* to admit, to concede, to grant (with ب (b))

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 5
#### Noun

سَلِم • (salim) m (collective, singulative سَلِمَة f (salima)) and plural of variety or alternative collective سِلَام (silām)
* stones
** a. 622, لَبيد بن ربيعة [Labīd ibn Rabīʿa], معلقة Muʻallaqa, line 4b:١ عَفَتِ الدِّيارُ مَحَلُّهَا فَمُقَامُهَا * بمنًى تأبَّدَ غَوْلُها فَرِجَامُهَا ٢ فمَدافعُ الرَّيَّانِ عُرِّيَ رَسْمُهَا * خَلَقًا كما ضَمِنَ الوُحِيَّ سِلاَمُها ٣ دِمَنٌ تَجَرَّمَ بَعدَ عَهْدِ أنِيسِهَا * حِجَجٌ خَلَوْنَ حَلالُهَا وحَرَامُهَا ٤ رُزِقَتْ مَرابيعَ النُّجُومِ وَصَابَهَا * وَدْقُ الرَّوَاعِدِ جَوْدُهَا فَرِهَامُها ٥ مِنْ كلِّ سَارِيَةٍ وغادٍ مُدْجِنٍ * وَعَشِيَّةٍ مُتجاوبٍ إرْزَامُهَا ٦ فَعَلا فُرُوعُ الأيْهُقَانِ وَأطْفَلَتْ * بالجَلهَتين ظِبَاؤهَا ونَعَامُهَاEffaced are her resting-places where she stayed and settled in Mina: deserted are her camps in Ḡawl and ar-Rijām and the torrents of ar-Rayyān: the traces thereof are laid bare and are torn, as inscribed rocks. Campsites have already passed after their period of use; years of war and peace overcome. Cast off there fell upon them the rains of spring signs, and there swept sated thunder clouds and drizzling rains from every cloud of night, every full one of morn, and those of eve, answering like a hoting squawk, and there sprung shoots of arugula, and in the brinks of a valley the goats and antelopes have youngs.

##### Declension
### Etymology 6
#### Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m (collective, singulative سَلَمَة f (salama), plural أَسْلَام (ʔaslām) or سِلَام (silām))
* Acacia ehrenbergiana

##### Declension
### Etymology 7
#### Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m
* (collective) captives
    Synonym: سَبْي (saby)

##### Declension
### Etymology 8
#### Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m
* futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction
    Synonym: سَلَف (salaf)

##### Declension
## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلَّم (sullam).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

سلم • (sillim) m (plural سلالم (salālim))
* stairs

## Malay
### Verb

سلم
* Jawi spelling of selam‎

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَم (salam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.lam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.läm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.läm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.läm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sä.läm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.læm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.läm]

#### Noun

سلم • (salam)
* Acacia ehrenbergiana

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Avestan.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [salm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sälm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sälm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sälm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sälm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sælm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sälm]

#### Proper noun

سلم • (salm)
* a male given name from Avestan
* Salm (Shahnameh)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَلَّمَ (sallama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal.lam/, [ˈsal.lam]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

سلّم • (sallam) II (present بسلّم (bisallem))
* to greet
    Synonym: أهّل (ʔahhal)
* (transitive) to hand in, to submit
    Synonym: قدّم (ʔaddam)