# شاهد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaː.ha.da/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

شَاهَدَ • (šāhada) III (non-past يُشَاهِدُ (yušāhidu), verbal noun مُشَاهَدَة (mušāhada))
* to see (with one’s own eyes), to view, to inspect, to watch, to observe, to witness
    شَاهَدْتُ كَثِيرًا مِنَ ٱلْأَجَانِبَ هُنَاكَ.šāhadtu kaṯīran mina l-ʔajāniba hunāka.I saw many foreigners there.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Derived from the active participle of the verb شَهِدَ (šahida).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaː.hid/

#### Noun

شَاهِد • (šāhid) m pers (plural شُهُود (šuhūd) or شَاهِدُونَ (šāhidūna) or أَشْهَاد (ʔašhād) or شُهَّد (šuhhad), feminine شَاهِدَة (šāhida))
* witness, one giving evidence
    Synonym: شَهِيد (šahīd)
    شَاهِد عِيَان ― šāhid ʕiyān ― eyewitness
* notary public

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: şahid
* → Ottoman Turkish: شاهد
** Turkish: şahit
* → Persian: شاهد
** → Bashkir: шаһит (şahit)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शाहिद (śāhid)
    Urdu: شاہد (śāhid)
** → Pashto: شاهد (šāhéd)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹਦ (śāhad)
    Shahmukhi script: شاہد (śāhid)
** → Uzbek: shohid
* → Turkmen: şaýat
* → Uyghur: شاھىت (shahit)

#### Noun

شَاهِد • (šāhid) m npers (plural شَوَاهِد (šawāhid))
* evidence, piece of evidence
* attestation
* textual evidence
* testimony
* upright, oblong tombstone
* forefinger, index finger

##### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَاهِد (šāhid, “witness”).

### Noun

شاهد • (şâhid) (definite accusative شاهدی (şâhidi), plural شهود (şühud) or شواهد (şevâhid))
* witness, attester, one who sees or has personal knowledge of something
    Synonyms: طانق (tanık, danık), كواه (güvâh)

#### Derived terms

* شاهد اتمام (şâhid-i itmam, “prosecution witness”)
* شاهد اولمق (şâhid olmak, “to be a witness”)
* شاهد حال (şâhid-i hal, “witness of the event”)
* شاهد دیكله‌مك (şâhid diñlemek, “to hear a witness”)
* شاهد زور (şâhid-i zur, “false witness, perjurer”)
* شاهد طوتمق (şâhid tutmak, “to take as witness”)
* شاهد عادل (şâhid-i ʼâdil, “legally competent witness”)
* شاهد عین (şâhid-i ʼayn, “eyewitness”)
* شاهدلك (şâhidlik, “testimony”)
* طوغری شاهد (doğru şâhid, “true witness”)
* لهسنده‌كی شاهد (lehusindeki şâhid, “defence witness”)
* مدافعه شاهدی (mudafaʼa şâhidi, “defence witness”)
* یالانجی شاهد (yalancı şâhid, “false witness, perjurer”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: şahit

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “شاهد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 134
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şahit”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4415
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “şâhid”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1168
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شاهد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 717
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Testis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1668
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شاهد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2761
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şahit”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شاهد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1112

## Pashto
### Etymology

From Arabic شَاهِد (šāhid).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɑˈhed/

### Noun

شاهد • (šâhéd) m (plural اشهاد)
* witness

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شاهِد (šāhid, “witness”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃɑː.ˈhið]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑː.ɦɪ́d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑː.ɦɪ́d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃɑː.jɪ́d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃɔː.jíd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃɒː.ɦéd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃɔ.ɦíd̪]

### Noun

شاهد • (šâhed) (plural شاهدان (šâhedân) or شاهدها (šâhed-hâ) or شاهدین (šâhedin))
* A human:
** witness; eyewitness; testifier
    Synonym: گواه (govâh)
*** c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 44”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]‎:قاضی به دو شاهد بدهد فتوی شرع در مذهب عشق شاهدی بس باشدqāzī ba du šāhid bidahad fatwā-yi šar' dar mazhab-i išq šāhidē bas bāšadThe qadi gives the Holy Law's fatwa on [the word of] two witnesses; In the doctrine of love, one beloved should be enough.(Classical Persian transliteration.) (The verse involves a pun between senses 1 and 3, based on the fact that Islamic law requires at least two witnesses in all matters.)
** (archaic, literature) beauty; beautiful person; the beloved (so beautiful that their physical beauty illuminates or "testifies" to the beauty of God)
    Synonyms: بت (bot), صنم (sanam), خوب (xub), دلبر (delbar), جانان (jânân)
*** c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 44”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]‎:قاضی به دو شاهد بدهد فتوی شرع در مذهب عشق شاهدی بس باشدqāzī ba du šāhid bidahad fatwā-yi šar' dar mazhab-i išq šāhidē bas bāšadThe qadi gives the Holy Law's fatwa on [the word of] two witnesses; In the doctrine of love, one beloved should be enough.(Classical Persian transliteration.) (The verse involves a pun between senses 1 and 3, based on the fact that Islamic law requires at least two witnesses in all matters.)
شاهد • (šâhed) (plural شواهد (šavâhed))
* A non-human:
** example; exemplary quotation (e.g. in a dictionary)
    Synonym: مثال (mesâl)
** (pluralia tantum) evidence; always as the plural شواهد.
    شواهد کافی نیست. ― šavâhed kâfi nist. ― The evidence is insufficient.

#### Derived terms

* شاهدبازی (šâhed-bâzi, “one who gazes at beauties; pederast”)
* شاهدپرست (šâhed-parast, “one who loves beauties”)
* شاهدپسر (šâhed-pesar, “beloved adolescent boy”)
* شاهدی (šâhedi, “beauty; manners of a beauty”)

#### Descendants

* → Bashkir: шаһит (şahit)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शाहिद (śāhid)
    Urdu: شاہد (śāhid)
* → Pashto: شاهد (šāhéd)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹਦ (śāhad)
    Shahmukhi script: شاہد (śāhid)
* → Uzbek: shohid

### Adjective

شاهد • (šâhed)
* (obsolete) beautiful, pleasant
    Synonyms: زیبا (zibâ), خوش (xoš), قشنگ (qašang), نیک (nik)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic شَاهَدَ (šāhada).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaː.had/, [ˈʃæː.had]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

شاهد • (šāhad) III (present بشاهد (bišāhed))
* (formal) to watch, to view
    Synonym: حضر (ḥiḍir)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic شَاهِد (šāhid).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaː.hid/, [ˈʃæː.hɪd]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

شاهد • (šāhed) m (plural شهود (šhūd))
* witness
    شاهد عيان ― šāhed ʕayān ― eyewitness
* index finger, forefinger

##### See also

* (Fingers) أصابع (ʔaṣābeʕ); الأصبع الكبير (il-ʔuṣbaʕ li-kbīr, “thumb”), شاهد (šāhed, “index finger”), الأصبع النصاني (il-ʔuṣbaʕ in-nuṣṣāni, “the middle finger”), بنصر (bonṣor, “ring finger”), خنصر (ḵonṣor, “little finger”),