# 咫

| 咫 | U+54AB, &#21675; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54AB |
| ← 咪 [U+54AA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 咬 → [U+54AC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

咫 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸人口金 (SORC), four-corner 7680$_8$, composition ⿺尺只)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 186, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3542
* Dae Jaweon: page 405, character 36
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 624, character 1
* Unihan data for U+54AB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 咫
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 只 | *klje, *kljeʔ |
| 胑 | *klje |
| 疻 | *klje, *klji |
| 軹 | *kljeʔ |
| 咫 | *kljeʔ |
| 枳 | *kljeʔ, *kleʔ |
| 抧 | *kljeʔ |
| 伿 | *kljes, *les |
| 齞 | *ŋleːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kljeʔ): semantic 尺 (“ruler; measuring stick”) + phonetic 只 (OC *klje, *kljeʔ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cī
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$
*** Yale: jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
*** Tâi-lô: tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cie
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyeX
Rime :
| Character | 咫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸氏切 |
| Baxter | tsyeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*keʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kljeʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 咫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsye$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*keʔ/ |
| English | foot (8 inches) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 咫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17309 |
| Phonetic component | 只 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 紙 |
| Old Chinese | /*kljeʔ/ |

### Definitions

咫
* unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun (寸)
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Hù shǐ guàn zhī, shí nú qí cháng chǐ yǒu zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Duì yuē: “Tiānwēi bù wéi yán zhǐchǐ, xiǎobái, yú gǎn tān tiānzǐ zhī mìng wú xiàbài? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) few; little
    Synonym: 少
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Wáng yuē: “Shì zhī tiān zhǐ, ān zhī mín zé? Shì yán dàn yě.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) short
    Synonym: 短 (duǎn)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Běi shǒu yàn lù, ér hòu qiǎn biàn shì fèng zhǐchǐ zhī shū, bào qí suǒ cháng yú yàn, yàn bì bùgǎn bù tīngcóng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Compounds

* 咫尺 (zhǐchǐ)
* 咫尺之地
* 咫尺千里
* 咫尺天涯
* 咫尺山河
* 咫尺萬里
* 咫聞 / 咫闻
* 咫角驂駒 / 咫角骖驹
* 天涯咫尺
* 相去咫尺
* 近在咫尺 (jìnzàizhǐchǐ)

### References

* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “咫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 309.
* “咫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: あた (ata, 咫)、た (ta, 咫)

#### Compounds

* 咫(し)尺(せき) (shiseki)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 咫
* あた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 尺 (uncommon)
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 阿多 (ata).
Possibly derived from verb 当つ (atu, “to place one thing against another; to touch, to come into contact”, modern verb pair 当てる (ateru, transitive), 当たる (ataru, intransitive)), from the sense of placing one's hand against something to measure it.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a̠ta̠]

#### Noun

咫(あた) • (ata)
* [from 712] (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 咫
* た Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Appears to be a shortening of ata.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta̠]

#### Affix

咫(た) • (ta)
* (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm)

##### Usage notes

This shortened reading ta seems to only appear in compounds.

##### Derived terms

* 八咫鏡 (Yata no Kagami, “The Eight-Ata Mirror”, one of the Imperial Regalia of Japan)
* 八咫烏 (Yata-garasu, “The Eight-Ata Crow”, an important figure in Shinto)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 咫
* し Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 咫 (MC tsyeX).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕi]

#### Affix

咫(し) • (shi)
* (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm)

##### Usage notes

Only appears in compounds.

##### Derived terms

* 咫尺 (shiseki, “nearby; a short distance”)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 “咫・尺”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “咫”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 咫 (MC tsyeX).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕi]
* Phonetic hangul: [지]

### Hanja

Wikisource 咫 (eumhun 여덟 치 지 (yeodeol chi ji))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 지척 (咫尺, jicheok)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 咫

## Vietnamese
### Han character

咫: Hán Việt readings: chỉ
咫: Nôm readings: chỉ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).