# 幵

| 幵 | U+5E75, &#24181; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E75 |
| ← 年 [U+5E74] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 并 → [U+5E76] |

## Translingual
### Han character

幵 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一十一十 (MJMJ), four-corner 1044$_0$, composition ⿰干干)

#### Derived characters

* 形

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 340, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9169
* Dae Jaweon: page 649, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 408, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5E75

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 幵 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Hanjian (compiled in Song) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 笄 | *kŋeː |
| 枅 | *kŋeː |
| 蚈 | *kŋeː, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 羿 | *ŋeːs |
| 栞 | *ŋ̊ʰaːn |
| 雃 | *ŋaːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 詽 | *ŋreːn, *tŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 揅 | *ŋeːn |
| 幵 | *kŋeːn |
| 鳽 | *kŋeːn, *ŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰreːŋ, *ŋreːɡ |
| 豣 | *kŋeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 麉 | *kŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 趼 | *kŋeːnʔ, *ŋeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 汧 | *ŋ̊ʰeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːns |
| 岍 | *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 研 | *ŋɡeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 妍 | *ŋeːn |
| 訮 | *hŋeːn |
| 鈃 | *ɡeːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 干 + 干 – comparing two 干 side by side, even.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiān, qiān (jian$^1$, qian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ, ㄑㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^1$ / hin$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khian / kian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cian
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^1$
*** Yale: chyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^1$ / hin$^1$
*** Yale: gīn / hīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^1$ / hin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^1$ / hin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn⁵⁵/, /hiːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khian / kian
*** Tâi-lô: khian / kian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiefn, kiefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn³³/, /kiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ken
Rime :
| Character | 幵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古賢切 |
| Baxter | ken |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ken/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ken/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ken/ |
| Wang Li | /kien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kŋeːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 幵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ken › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁe[r]/ |
| English | even, level (Shuōwén) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 幵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6161 |
| Phonetic component | 幵 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 堅 |
| Old Chinese | /*kŋeːn/ |

### Definitions

幵
* (obsolete) even, level
* a surname

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 开 |
| Kyūjitai | 幵 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 开)
* put together

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けん (ken)
* Kun: たいらか (tairaka)

## Korean
### Hanja

幵 (eum 견 (gyeon))
* even, level

## Vietnamese
### Han character

幵: Hán Nôm readings: kiên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.