# خوش
## Arabic
### Verb

خَوَّشَ • (ḵawwaša) II (non-past يُخَوِّشُ (yuḵawwišu), verbal noun تَخْوِيش (taḵwīš))
* to countersink
* to ream

#### Conjugation
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian خوش (xoš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /χoːʃ/

### Adjective

خوش • (ḵōš)
* (with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
    اهي خوش زوجة. ― ihya ḵōš zōja ― She’s a good wife.

#### Usage notes

* This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

### Interjection

خوش • (ḵōš)
* nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
    - بنروح المخيم باچر - خوش! ― - We wanna go camping tomorrow. - Awesome!

## Iraqi Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian خوش (xoš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /χoːʃ/

### Adjective

خوش (ḵōš) m or f
* (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
    هايه خوش سيارة ― hāya ḵōš sayyāra ― This is a good car.

### Interjection

خوش (ḵōš)
* nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.

#### Usage notes

* This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

#### Synonyms

* زين (zēn)

## North Mesopotamian Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian خوش (xoš).

### Adjective

خوش (ḵōš) m or f
* (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
    هذي خوش سيارة ― haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə ― This is a good car.

#### Usage notes

* The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

#### Synonyms

* مليح (mliːħ)
* زين (zɪn)

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* خواش (xâš) (dialectal, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan)
* خش (xaš) (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /⁠wxaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (weş), Southern Kurdish خوەش (xweş), Baluchi وش (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of وش (vaš).
The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr). An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xʷaʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xuʃ], [xʊːʃ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xoʃ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χuʃ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Adjective

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر (xoš-tar), superlative خوش‌تَرین (xoš-tarin))
* happy
* pleasant

#### Derived terms

* خوش آمدید (xoš âmadid)
* خوشی (xoši)
* سرخوش (sarxoš)
* خوش و بش (xoš-o-beš)
* خوشحال (xošhâl)
* خوشگل (xošgel)
* خوشوقت (xošvaqt)
* خوش‌مزه (xoš-maze)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: խոշ (xoš)
* → Azerbaijani: xoş
* → Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
* → Bengali: খোশ (khōś)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)
    Urdu: خوش (xuś)
*   * → Phalura: xošaán
*   * → Ushojo: خوشالہ
* → Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)
* → Marathi: खुश (khuś)
* → North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ (xuś)
    Shahmukhi script: خُوش (xuś)
* → Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)
* → Turkish: hoş
* → Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

### References

* ↑ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
* ↑ Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
* ↑ Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎ (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
* ↑ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

### Further reading

* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 508, pages 57–58

## Saraiki
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xʊʃ/

### Adjective

خوش (xoś) (Devanagari ख़ुश)
* happy

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xʊʃ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʊʃ

### Adjective

خوش • (xuś) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश)
* happy
* content

#### Derived terms

* خوش آمْدِید (xoś āmdīd)
* خوش خَبَری (xoś xabarī)
* خوش قِسْمَت (xoś qismat)
* خوش مِزاج (xoś mizāj)
* خوش نَصِیب (xoś nasīb)
* خوش گوار (xoś gvār)
* خوشاُسْلُوبی (xośāuslūbī)
* خوشبُو (xośbū)
* خوشحال
* خوشْبُودار (xośbūdār)
* خوشی (xośī)
* خوشی سے (xośī se)

#### Descendants

* → Phalura: xošaán
* → Ushojo: خوشالہ

### Further reading

* “خوش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “خوش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خوش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.

## Uyghur
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /χoʃ/

### Interjection

خوش • (xosh)
* goodbye