# 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠
## Old Persian
### Etymology

From *xšayah (“rule, dominion”) +‎ *(w)r̥šā (“man, hero”).

### Proper noun

𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (x-š-y-a-r-š-a /Xšayāršā/) m
* Xerxes

#### Descendants

* → Persian: خشایارشا (xašâyâršâ), خشایار (xašâyâr)
** → Hindi: ख़शायर (xaśāyar)
** → Marathi: खशायर (khaśāyar)
* → Akkadian:
    Late Babylonian: 𒄭𒅆𒀪𒅈𒐼𒀪 (ḫi-ši-ʾ-ar-šá-ʾ /⁠Ḫišiʾaršaʾ⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒀪𒅈𒅆 (ḫi-ši-ʾ-ar-ši /⁠Ḫišiʾarši⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒅈𒋙 (ḫi-ši-ar-šú /⁠Ḫišiaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒌒𒅆 (ḫi-ši-ár-ši /⁠Ḫišiarši⁠/), 𒄴𒀾𒊭𒄷𒋙 (aḫ-áš-šá-ḫu-šú /⁠Aḫašaḫušu⁠/), 𒄴𒄭𒅈𒋙 (aḫ-ḫi-ar-šú /⁠Aḫiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒌍𒊑 (aḫ-eš-ri /⁠Aḫešri⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒅈𒋙 (aḫ-ši-ar-šú /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒌒𒋙 (aḫ-ši-ár-šú /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒊍𒋢 (aḫ-ši-as-su /⁠Aḫšiasu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒄷𒋙 (aḫ-ši-ḫu-šú /⁠Aḫšiḫušu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒄿𒅈𒋗 (aḫ-ši-i-ar-šu /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒄿𒅈𒋙 (aḫ-ši-i-ar-šú /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒅀𒅈 (aḫ-ši-ia-ar /⁠Aḫšiar⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒅀𒅈𒅆 (aḫ-ši-ia-ar-ši /⁠Aḫšiarši⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒅀𒅈𒋙 (aḫ-ši-ia-ar-šú /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒐊𒅈𒋙 (aḫ-ši-iá-ar-šú /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒄿𒈥𒋙 (aḫ-ši-i-mar-šú /⁠Aḫšimaršu⁠/), 𒄴𒋗𒈥𒅆𒀪 (aḫ-šu-mar-ši-ʾ /⁠Aḫšumaršiʾ⁠/), 𒄴𒅆𒅈𒋙 (aḫ-ši-ar-šú /⁠Aḫšiaršu⁠/), 𒋀𒅆𒈥𒋙 (áḫ-ši-mar-šú /⁠Aḫšimaršu⁠/), 𒋀𒅆𒊑𒅈𒋙 (áḫ-ši-ri-ar-šú /⁠Aḫširiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅈𒀾𒄷 (ak-ar-áš-ḫu /⁠Akarašḫu⁠/), 𒀝𒅗𒅆𒅈𒅆 (ak-ka-ši-ar-ši /⁠Akašiarši⁠/), 𒀝𒅗𒅆𒅈𒋙 (ak-ka-ši-ar-šú /⁠Akašiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒆠𒅖𒅈𒋙 (ak-ki-iš-ar-šú /⁠Akišaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒊭𒅈𒋙 (ak-ša-ar-šú /⁠Akšaršú⁠/), 𒀝𒊹𒊑𒌍𒋙 (ak-šár-re-eš-šú /⁠Akšárešu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒀪𒅈𒅆 (ak-ši-ʾ-ar-ši /⁠Akšiʾarši⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒀝𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-ak-ar-šú /⁠Akšiakaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅈𒀀𒋙 (ak-ši-ar-a-šú /⁠Akšiarašu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅈𒊑𒋙 (ak-ši-ar-ri-šú /⁠Akšiarišu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅈𒅆𒄿𒀪 (ak-ši-ar-ši-i-ʾ /⁠Akšiaršīʾ⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅈𒋗 (ak-ši-ar-šu /⁠Akšiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-ar-šú /⁠Akšiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅀𒅈𒀪𒋙 (ak-ši-ia-ar-ʾ-šú /⁠Akšiarʾšu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅀𒅈𒅆 (ak-ši-ia-ar-ši /⁠Akšiarši⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒅀𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-ia-ar-šú /⁠Akšiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒐊𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-iá-ar-šú /⁠Akšiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒄿𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-i-ar-šú /⁠Akšiaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒄿𒈠𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-i-ma-ar-šú /⁠Akšimaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒈠𒀝𒋙 (ak-ši-ma-ak-šú /⁠Akšimakšu⁠/), 𒀝𒋛𒈠𒅈𒋙 (ak-ši-ma-ar-šú /⁠Akšimaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒅆𒊑𒌍𒋙 (ak-ši-re-eš-šú /⁠Akširešu⁠/), 𒀝𒋢𒅈𒋙 (ak-šu-ar-šú /⁠Akšuaršu⁠/), 𒀝𒋙𒅈𒋙 (ak-šú-ar-šú /⁠Akšuaršu⁠/), 𒄩𒅆𒄿𒅈𒋙 (ḫa-ši-i-ar-šú /⁠Ḫašiaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒊺𒈥𒋙 (ḫi-še-mar-šú /⁠Ḫišemaršu⁠/), 𒄩𒅆𒀪𒅈𒅆 (ḫi-ši-ʾ-ar-ši /⁠Ḫišiʾarši⁠/), 𒄩𒅆𒀪𒅈𒅆𒀪 (ḫi-ši-ʾ-ar-ši-ʾ /⁠Ḫišiʾaršiʾ⁠/), 𒄩𒅆𒀪𒅈𒋙 (ḫi-ši-ʾ-ar-šú /⁠Ḫišiʾaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒀪𒀾𒋙 (ḫi-ši-ʾ-áš-šú /⁠Ḫišiʾášú⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒅈𒐼𒋙 (ḫi-ši-ar-šá-šú /⁠Ḫišiaršašu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒌒𒋙 (ḫi-ši-ár-šú /⁠Ḫišiaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒅀𒅈𒋙 (ḫi-ši-ia-ar-šú /⁠Ḫišiaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒐊𒅈𒋙 (ḫi-ši-iá-ar-šú /⁠Ḫišiaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒐊𒈥𒋙 (ḫi-ši-iá-mar-šú /⁠Ḫišiamaršu⁠/), 𒄭𒅆𒈥𒋙 (ḫi-ši-mar-šú /⁠Ḫišimaršu⁠/), 𒅅𒅈𒅈𒅆 (ik-ar-ar-ši /⁠Ikararši⁠/), 𒅆𒆪𒍑𒋾 (ši-ku-uš-ti /⁠Šikušti⁠/)
* → Ancient Greek: Ξέρξης (Xérxēs) (see there for further descendants)
* → Aramaic:
    Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡇𐡔𐡉𐡓𐡔 (ʾḥšyrš), 𐡇𐡔𐡉𐡀𐡓𐡔 (ḥšyʾrš), 𐡇𐡔𐡉𐡓𐡔 (ḥšyrš)
* → Arabic: خْشَايَارْشَا (ḵšāyāršā)
* → Egyptian:
    Late Egyptian: (ḫšꜣyꜣrwšꜣ), (ḫšꜣyꜣrwšꜣ), (ḫšꜣyrwš), (ḫšꜣyꜣrwšꜣ), (ḫꜣšꜣyꜣrwšꜣ)
* → Elamite:
    Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅅𒊺𒅕𒆜𒐼 (ik-še-er-iš-šá /⁠Ikšeriša⁠/), 𒅅𒊺𒅕𒐼 (ik-še-er-šá /⁠Ikšerša⁠/), 𒊺𒅕𒐼 (še-er-šá /⁠Šerša⁠/)
* → Hebrew: חשיארש
** See also: אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (Akhashverósh)
*** → Indonesian: Ahasyweros
*** → Dutch: Ahasveros
**** Afrikaans: Ahasveros
*** → Swedish: Ahasveros
** → Armenian: Ահասֆերուս (Ahasferus)
** → Ancient Greek: Ασουηρος (Asouēros)
** → Latin: Ahasuerus, Ahasverus
*** → Basque: Asuero
*** → Catalan: Assuer
*** → Danish: Ahasverus
*** → Dutch: Ahasverus
*** → English: Ahasuerus
*** → Estonian: Ahasveerus
*** → Faroese: Áhasverus
*** → Finnish: Ahasverus, Ahasveros
*** → French: Assuérus
*** → Galician: Axuero
*** → Latvian: Ahasvērs
*** → Polish: Achaszwerosz
*** → Portuguese: Assuero, Aasvero, Ahasuerus
*** → Spanish: Asuero
**** → Tagalog: Asuero
*** → Welsh: Ahasferws, Ahasfferus
* → Persian: اَحَشْوِروش
** → Urdu: اخسویرس, اَحَشْوِروش (ahaśviroś)
* → Sanskrit: क्षयर्ष (kṣayarṣa)
** → Hindi: क्षयार्ष (kṣayārṣ), क्षयर्ष (kṣayarṣ) (learned)
** → Odia: କ୍ଷୟର୍ଷ (kṣayarṣa) (learned)
* → Hungarian: Khsajársá

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN