# بد
## Arabic
### Etymology

Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Classical Persian بُت (but).

### Noun

بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʔabdād))
* escape, means of avoiding something
    لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَاlā budda min kaḏāthere is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable
* flight
* separation
* part, portion
* equivalent, substitute
* idol

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Khalaj
### Adjective

بَد (bəd)
* Arabic spelling of bəd (“evil”)

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

### Preposition

بد • (badd, bidd)
* want to
    بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبيBaddi šūfak kill yōm, ya ḥabībi.I want to see you every day, my dear.
* should; need
    شو بدنا نئللو؟ ― Šu badna nʾil-lu? ― What should we tell him?

#### Usage notes

* The past is formed by adding كان (kēn), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kēn baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Persian بد (bad).

### Adjective

بد • (bed)
* bad

## Pashto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəd/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

بد • (bəd)
* bad

#### Declension
### Adverb

بد • (bad)
* badly

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLYA) / [script needed] (wt' /⁠wad⁠/, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah, with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic similarity.
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Is the proto-Iranian from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“raging”)? Compare Sanskrit वात (vāta, “injured, hurt”).”

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bað]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bäd̪]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

#### Adjective

بَد • (bad) (comparative بَدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بَدتَرین (bad-tarin))
* bad; not good
* evil

##### Antonyms

* خوب (xub)

#### Adverb

بَد • (bad)
* poorly, badly

##### Derived terms

* بدحجاب (bad-hejâb, “badly-veiled”)
* بدخواه (bad-xâh, “evil, malicious”)
* بدخیم (bad-xim, “malignant”)
* بدرنگ (bad-rang, “of a bad, unpleasant or ugly color”)
* بدروزگار (bad-ruzgâr, “wicked, evil”)
* بدمعاش (bad-ma'âš, “of a bad life, trade, profession”)
* بدنام (bad-nâm, “infamous”)
* بدنعل (bad-na'l, “hard to shoe”)
* بدنهور (bad-nohur, “evil-eyed”)
* بدی (badi, “badness”)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: bəd-
* → Bengali: বদ (bod)
* → Hindi: बद (bad)
* → Khalaj: bəd
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬਦ (bad)
    Shahmukhi script: بد (bad)
* → Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠖ (bad)

#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
* Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 46

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭭 (pʿn) / PWN (pad, “to, at, in, on”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bað]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bed̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bäd̪]
* (Mashhad) IPA: /bez/

#### Preposition

بد • (bed or bad) (archaic)
* Alternative form of به (be, “to; in; for”)

##### Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

##### Alternative forms

* بذ (bez, baz) (archaic or dialectal, Mashhad)

##### Derived terms

* بدان (bed-ân)
* بدو (bed-u)
* بدیشان (bed-išân)
* بدین (bed-in)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bidd/, [bɪd]

### Preposition

بدّ • (bidd-)
* (false verb) to want
    Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)
    بدّك قهوة؟ ― biddak ʔahwe? ― Do you want some coffee?
    بدي أشوفك كل يوم يا حبيبي.biddi ʔašūfak kull yōm ya ḥabībi.I want to see you every day, my dear.
* (false verb, by extension) to need
    Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)
    ابني مريض كتير وبدّه دوا ضروري.ibni marīḍ ktīr w biddo dawa ḍurūri.My son is very sick and needs medicine.(literally, “My son is very sick and wants medicine necessarily.”)
* (auxiliary) will, going to
    Synonym: رح (raḥ)
    بدي أمرق لعنده بكرة.biddi ʔamroʔ la-ʕindo bukra.I'm going to go to his house tomorrow.

#### Usage notes

* Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.

#### Inflection
## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian بد (bad). Unrelated to English bad.

#### Adjective

بد • (bad) (comparative بدتر, superlative بدترین, Hindi spelling बद)
* bad
* evil
* wicked
* inauspicious

##### Synonyms

* برا (burā)

##### Derived terms

* نظرِ بد (nazr-e bad, “evil eye, bad eye”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).

#### Noun

بد • (bad) m (Hindi spelling बद)
* bubo