# 驁

| 驁 | U+9A41, &#39489; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A41 |
| ← 驀 [U+9A40] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 驂 → [U+9A42] |

## Translingual
### Han character

驁 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+11, 21 strokes, cangjie input 土大尸手火 (GKSQF), four-corner 5822$_7$, composition ⿱敖馬)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1444, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44963
* Dae Jaweon: page 1968, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4568, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9A41

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 驁
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 熬 | *ŋaːw, *qaːw |
| 敖 | *ŋaːw |
| 嗷 | *ŋaːw |
| 螯 | *ŋaːw |
| 聱 | *ŋaːw, *ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw |
| 驁 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鰲 | *ŋaːw |
| 遨 | *ŋaːw |
| 獒 | *ŋaːw |
| 滶 | *ŋaːw |
| 蔜 | *ŋaːw |
| 鷔 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鼇 | *ŋaːw |
| 謷 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws, *ŋraːw |
| 嶅 | *ŋaːw |
| 嗸 | *ŋaːw |
| 摮 | *ŋaːw |
| 嫯 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鏊 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 傲 | *ŋaːws |
| 磝 | *ŋraːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws): phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ào, áo (ao$^4$, ao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄠˋ, ㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou$^4$ / ngou$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gô / gō
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ào
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ào
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^4$
*** Yale: àu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aw
*** Palladius: ао (ao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: áo
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: áo
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^2$
*** Yale: áu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
*** Palladius: ао (ao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngou$^4$ / ngou$^6$
*** Yale: ngòuh / ngouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngou$^4$ / ngou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngou$^4$ / ngou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou̯²¹/, /ŋou̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô / gō
*** Tâi-lô: gô / gō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gooi, goi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴/, /ɡo²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡo²⁴/, /ɡo⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/, /ɡo²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/, /ɡo³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/, /ɡɤ³³/
* Middle Chinese: ngaw, ngawH
Rime :
| Character | 驁 | 驁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 五勞切 | 五到切 |
| Baxter | ngaw | ngawH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑu/ | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑu/ | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑu/ | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaw/ | /ŋaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑu/ | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑu/ | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑu/ | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | áo | ào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngou$^4$ | ngou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːw/, /*ŋaːws/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 驁 | 驁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 43 | 61 |
| Phonetic component | 敖 | 敖 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敖 | 傲 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːw/ | /*ŋaːws/ |

#### Definitions

驁
* (literary) noble steed
* (literary, figuratively) a person of outstanding talent
* (literary) Alternative form of 傲 (“arrogant”)

#### Compounds

* 桀驁 / 桀骜 (jié'ào)
* 桀驁不恭 / 桀骜不恭
* 桀驁不遜 / 桀骜不逊
* 桀驁不馴 / 桀骜不驯 (jié'àobùxùn)
* 桀驁難馴 / 桀骜难驯
* 驁放 / 骜放

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yào (yao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yào
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yào
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^4$
*** Yale: yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

驁
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 驕驁／骄骜 (jiāo'ào, “horses galloping”).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* wild horse
* mustang
* wild

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: ごう (gō)
* Kan-on: ごう (gō)
* On: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kun: あなどる (anadoru, 驁る)、おごる (ogoru, 驁る)、かろんず (karonzu, 驁んず)

#### Compounds

* 驁(ごう)蹇(けん) (gōken)
* 驁(ごう)愎(ふく) (gōfuku) (傲(ごう)愎(ふく))
* 驁(ごう)放(ほう) (gōhō) (傲(ごう)放(ほう))
* 驁(ごう)雄(ゆう) (gōyū)
* 驕(きょう)驁(ごう) (kyōgō)

## Korean
### Hanja

驁 (eum 오 (o))
* noble steed
* be arrogant
* despise

## Vietnamese
### Han character

驁: Hán Nôm readings: ngạo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation