OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 癘

| 癘 | U+7658, &#30296; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7658 |
| ← 癗 [U+7657] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 癙 → [U+7659] |

## Translingual
### Han character

癘 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 大廿田月 (KTWB), four-corner 0012$_7$, composition ⿸疒萬)
* sore, ulcer
* pestilence

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 781, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22556
* Dae Jaweon: page 1191, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2696, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7658

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 癘
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 糲 | *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd |
| 犡 | *m·raːds, *m·rads |
| 噧 | *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd |
| 邁 | *mraːds |
| 勱 | *mraːds |
| 蠆 | *m̥ʰraːds |
| 厲 | *m·rads |
| 勵 | *m·rads |
| 礪 | *m·rads |
| 蠣 | *m·rads |
| 蠇 | *m·rads |
| 癘 | *m·rads |
| 濿 | *m·rads |
| 櫔 | *m·rads |
| 巁 | *m·rads |
| 贎 | *m·rads, *mlans |
| 萬 | *mlans |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì, lài (li$^4$, lai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ, ㄌㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lài
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lài
*** Wade–Giles: lai$^4$
*** Yale: lài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
*** Palladius: лай (laj)
*** Sinological IPA : /laɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$
*** Yale: laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: ljejH
Rime :
| Character | 癘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力制切 |
| Baxter | ljejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 癘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12626 |
| Phonetic component | 萬 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 例 |
| Old Chinese | /*m·rads/ |

### Definitions

癘
* epidemic; plague
* sore; ulcer
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 癩 / 癞 (lài) when written by hand

### Compounds

* 疫癘 / 疫疠 (yìlì)
* 疵癘 / 疵疠
* 瘴癘 / 瘴疠 (zhànglì)

### References

* ↑ Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02709

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* contagious disease
* leprosy

#### Readings

* Go-on: らい (rai)
* Kan-on: れい (rei)
* Kun: えやみ (eyami, 癘)

## Korean
### Hanja

癘 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# stenovalentní
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstɛnovalɛntɲiː]

### Adjective

stenovalentní
* (ecology) stenovalent
    Synonym: stenoekní
    Synonyms: euryvalentní, euryekní
# atrevidamente
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From atrevido +‎ -mente.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.tɾeˌvi.daˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.tɾeˌvi.daˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.tɾeˌvi.daˈmẽ.te/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.tɾɨˌvi.dɐˈmẽ.tɨ/ [ɐ.tɾɨˌvi.ðɐˈmẽ.tɨ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.tɾɨˌvi.dɐˈmẽ.tɨ/ [ɐ.tɾɨˌvi.ðɐˈmẽ.tɨ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.tɾɨˌbi.dɐˈmẽ.tɨ/ [ɐ.tɾɨˌβi.ðɐˈmẽ.tɨ]
* Hyphenation: a‧tre‧vi‧da‧men‧te

### Adverb

atrevidamente (comparable, comparative mais atrevidamente, superlative o mais atrevidamente)
* boldly, audaciously
* insolently

## Spanish
### Etymology

From atrevido +‎ -mente.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /atɾeˌbidaˈmente/ [a.t̪ɾeˌβ̞i.ð̞aˈmẽn̪.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ente
* Syllabification: a‧tre‧vi‧da‧men‧te

### Adverb

atrevidamente
* boldly, audaciously
    Synonym: audazmente
# gwáłtôwnik
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ɡvɒwˈtwɔv.ɲik/

### Noun

gwáłtôwnik m pers
* (Lasovia) Alternative form of gwałtownik (“hothead”)

### Further reading

* Szymon Matusiak (1880) “gváłtᵘovńik”, in “Gwara lasowska w okolicy Tarnobrzega, studyjum dyjalektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 173
# Anjeza
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Anjeza f
* a female given name
# aray
## Ayu
### Noun

aray
* plural of iray

### References

* Blench, Roger, The Ayu language of Central Nigeria and its affinities (2011), page 6

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaˈɾaj/ [ʔaˈɾaɪ̯]
* Hyphenation: a‧ray

### Interjection

aráy
* ouch

#### Derived terms

* ayko
* mag-aray
* paaray

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *aray. Compare Tagalog aray, Ilocano aray, Bikol Central aray, and Cebuano agay.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈɾaj/ [əˈɾäɪ̯]
* Hyphenation: a‧ray
* Rhymes: -aj

### Interjection

aray
* ouch
    Synonyms: aw, aruy, â!

#### Derived terms

* mag-aray
* mamag-aray
* miarayan
* mipayaray
* pamag-aray

## Kohin
### Noun

aray
* water

### References

* Poerwadi, Petrus and Iper, Dunis and Mariyedi,. 1998. Sintaksis bahasa Seruyan. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. xii+156pp.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* arrai, arai

### Etymology

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman arai, arrai.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈræi̯/

### Noun

aray
* array

#### Descendants

* English: array

#### References

* “arrai, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* aruy

### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *aray, or from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq, from Proto-Austronesian *aduq. Compare Ilocano aray, Bikol Central aray, and Cebuano agay.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈɾaj/ [ʔɐˈɾaɪ̯]
* Rhymes: -aj
* Syllabification: a‧ray

### Interjection

aráy! (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜌ᜔)
* ouch (an expression of one's own physical pain)
    Synonym: aw

#### Derived terms

* mag-arayan
* paarayin
* pag-aray
* palaaray
* umaray

#### See also

* agoy

### Further reading

* “aray”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aráy”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aduq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Anagrams

* arya
# szprychy
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʂprɘ.xɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɘxɘ
* Syllabification: szpry‧chy

### Noun

szprychy
* inflection of szprycha:
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural
** genitive singular
# захаращувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From захара́стити (zaxarástyty) +‎ -увати (-uvaty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zɐxɐˈraʃt͡ʃʊʋɐte]

### Verb

захара́щувати • (zaxaráščuvaty) impf (perfective захара́стити)
* (uncommon) to clutter, to litter, to cover (fill a space with a large and disorderly amount of things)

#### Conjugation
### References

* “захаращувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
* “захаращувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# rënkuar
## Albanian
### Verb

rënkuar
* past participle of rënkoj
# ennen
## Finnish
### Etymology

Instructive singular of ensi-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈenːen/, [ˈe̞nːe̞n]
* Rhymes: -enːen
* Hyphenation: en‧nen

### Preposition

ennen [with partitive]
* (temporal) before, prior to
* (locative) before, prior to (e.g. in text)

### Postposition

ennen [with partitive]
* (temporal) before, prior to
    Parasta ennen: 15.03.2024Best before: 03/15/2024
* (locative) before, prior to (e.g. in text)

### Adverb

ennen (comparative ennemmin, no superlative)
* before, back then (at an earlier time)
* rather, before
    ennen kuolema kuin orjuus ― (we would) rather die than be slaves

#### Derived terms

* ennemmin tai myöhemmin
* ennen aikojaan
* ennen kaikkea
* ennen kuin
* ennen muuta
* ennen pitkää
* ennen vanhaan
* ennenaikainen
* ennenkokematon
* ennenkuulumaton
* ennennäkemätön
* ennestään

### Further reading

* “ennen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Ingrian
### Alternative forms

* enne

### Etymology

Akin to Estonian enne and Finnish ennen.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈenːen/, [ˈe̞nːe̞n]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈenːen/, [ˈe̞nːe̞n]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈenːen/, [ˈe̞nːe̞n]
* Rhymes: -enːen
* Hyphenation: en‧nen

### Adverb

ennen
* (of time) before
** 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 47:Mis ennen olliit tyhjät maat,Before, where there were empty lands,
* (of time) once upon a time

### Preposition

ennen (+ partitive)
* (of time) before
** 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:j ono i pehmitösmerkkinnä ennen vokalaa, keskeel sannaa, niku nimis: Valja, Manja, Kolja, Katja j.n.e.j is also a palatalisation mark before a vowel, in the middle of a word, like in the names: Valja, Manja, Kolja, Katja etc.

#### Synonyms

* (before; adverb): ennemoin

#### Derived terms

* ennen egle
* ennen muinaa
* ennettää

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 52
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 25

## Low German
### Etymology

From the noun Enn, from Middle Low German ende, from Old Saxon endi. Akin to English end, German enden, Dutch eindigen.

### Verb

ennen (past singular enn, past participle ennt, auxiliary verb hebben)
* to end

#### Derived terms

* beennen
# onggri
## Jamaican Creole
### Alternative forms

* honggri (dialects without H-dropping)

### Etymology

Derived from English hungry.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoŋ.ɡri/

### Adjective

onggri
* hungry
** 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 4:2:Afta Jiizas neehn nyam notn fi uol-a faati die an faati nait, im beli did a baal tu ou im onggriAnd after fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry(literally, “After Jesus didn't eat anything for forty days and forty nights, his stomach began to cry out how hungry he was”)

#### Derived terms

* ded fi onggri

### Further reading

* onggri at majstro.com
* Larry Chang (2014) Biesik Jumiekan: Introduction to Jamaican Language, Chuu Wod, →ISBN, page 220
# Vulcanus
## German
### Alternative forms

* Vulkanus (rarer spelling)
* Vulkan (dated)

### Etymology

From Latin Vulcānus. See Vulkan for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vʊlˈkaːnʊs/

### Proper noun

Vulcanus m (proper noun, strong, genitive Vulcanus' or Vulcanus)
* (mythology) Vulcan (Roman god of fire)

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* Volcānus

### Etymology

Unknown; possibly borrowed via Etruscan from Doric Greek Ϝέλχανος (Wélkhanos), a Cretan god of nature and the netherworld. More at Vulcanus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /u̯ulˈkaː.nus/, [u̯ʊɫ̪ˈkäːnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /vulˈka.nus/, [vulˈkäːnus]

### Proper noun

Vulcānus m (genitive Vulcānī); second declension
* (Roman mythology) Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalwork, considered equivalent to the Greek Hephaestus and various German and Celtic gods.
* A small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, close to Sicily, in Italy.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* Vulcānālia
* Vulcāniānus
* Vulcānius

#### Descendants

“Vulcan” (Roman god of fire):
* Armenian: Վուլկան (Vulkan)
* Basque: Vulkano
* Belarusian: Вулкан (Vulkan)
* Bulgarian: Вулкан (Vulkan)
* Catalan: Vulcà
* Czech: Vulkán
* Danish: Vulkan
* Dutch: Vulcaan (obsolete)
* English: Vulcan
* French: Vulcain
* German: Vulkan
* Greek: Βουλκάνους (Voulkánous), Βούλκαν (Voúlkan)
* Galician: Vulcano
* Irish: Bolcán
* Italian: Vulcano
* Japanese: ウルカヌス (Urukanusu), ウゥルカーヌス (Wurukānusu)
* Korean: 불카누스 (Bulkanuseu)
* Latvian: Vulkāns
* Lithuanian: Vulkanas
* Macedonian: Вулкан (Vulkan)
* Manx: Vulcaan
* Neapolitan: Vurcano
* Norwegian: Vulkan
* Occitan: Vulcan
* Portuguese: Vulcano
* Polish: Wulkan
* Romanian: Vulcan
* Russian: Вулкан (Vulkan)
* Serbo-Croatian: Vulkan / Вулкан
* Sicilian: Vurcanu
* Slovak: Vulkán
* Slovene: Vulkan
* Spanish: Vulcano
* Ukrainian: Вулкан (Vulkan)
* Welsh: Fwlcan
“Vulcano” (a small volcanic island north of Sicily; named for the Roman belief that it was the chimney of Vulcan):
* Italian: Vulcano
* Sicilian: Vurcanu
“volcano” (named for the island of Vulcano):
* Italian: vulcano (see there for further descendants)
* Sicilian: vurcanu (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “Vulcanus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 825-26

### Further reading

* “Vulcānus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Vulcānus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# kosmetyczki
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔs.mɛˈtɘt͡ʂ.ki/
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡ʂki
* Syllabification: kos‧me‧tycz‧ki

### Noun

kosmetyczki
* inflection of kosmetyczka:
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural
** genitive singular
# Zêzere
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From earlier Zênzere, from Old Galician-Portuguese Ozezar of uncertain origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈze.ze.ɾi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈze.ze.ɾi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈze.ze.ɾe/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈze.zɨ.ɾɨ/
* Hyphenation: Zê‧ze‧re

### Proper noun

Zêzere m
* Zêzere (a river in Portugal)

#### Derived terms

* Dornelas do Zêzere
* Ferreira do Zêzere
* Santa Marinha do Zêzere
# Dambrauskas
## Lithuanian
### Alternative forms

* Dambrauskienė, Dambrauskaitė

### Etymology

From Dambrovka +‎ -auskas. Compare Belarusian Дамброўскі (Dambróŭski) and Polish Dąbrowski.

### Proper noun

Dambrauskas ?
* a surname transferred from the place name

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Ekalba.lt
# syntaxis
## English
### Etymology

From the Late Latin syntaxis, from the Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis). Doublet of syntax.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /sɪnˈtaksɪs/

### Noun

syntaxis (countable and uncountable, plural syntaxes)
* (archaic, grammar) Syntax.
* (geology) A convergence of mountain ranges, or geological folds, towards a single point.
* (crystallography) Syntaxy.

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin syntaxis, from Ancient Greek σῠ́ντᾰξῐς (sŭ́ntăxĭs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌsɪnˈtɑksɪs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: syn‧ta‧xis

### Noun

syntaxis f (uncountable)
* syntax (structure of language)
    Synonym: zinsbouw
* syntax (study of syntax)
    Synonym: zinsleer

#### Related terms

* syntactisch

## Latin
### Etymology

From the Ancient Greek σῠ́ντᾰξῐς (sŭ́ntăxĭs, “syntax”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /synˈtak.sis/, [s̠ʏn̪ˈt̪äks̠ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /sinˈtak.sis/, [sin̪ˈt̪äksis]

### Noun

syntaxis f (genitive syntaxis or syntaxeōs or syntaxios); third declension
* syntaxis, syntax
** 2001, Terence Tunberg, “De Marco Antonio Mureto Oratore et Gallo et Romano”, in Gilbert Tournoy, editor, Humanistica Lovaniensia: Journal of Neo-Latin Studies, volume L, Leuven University Press, →ISBN, 306, footnote 7:Quae cum de sermonis proprietatibus praeceperit Valla, vestigia tamen syntaxeos Mediolatinae in eius scriptis cernere possumus non pauca.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, i-stem, i-stem).
$^1$Found sometimes in Medieval and New Latin.

### References

* “syntaxis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* syntaxis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “syntaxis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “syntaxis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
# Syców
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɘ.t͡suf/
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡suf
* Syllabification: Sy‧ców

### Proper noun

Syców m inan
* A city in Syców, Oleśnica, Lower Silesian, Poland, Europe.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Syców in PWN's encyclopedia
# انگل
## Pahari-Potwari
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli).

### Noun

انگل (aṅgal)
* finger

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔan.ˈɡal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡǽl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡǽl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡǽl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡǽl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæɲ.ɡʲǽl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡǽl]

### Noun

انگل • (angal)
* parasite

## Saraiki
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit अङ्गुलि (aṅguli).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əŋ.ɡɪl/

### Noun

انگِل (transliteration needed) f
* (anatomy) finger
# napɔn
## Djimini
### Noun

napɔn
* mosquito

### References

* 2017, Ouattara, Ouattara, Touré and Coulibaly: Djimini - French Dictionary
# γνώμα
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡnɔ̌ː.maː/ → /ˈɣno.ma/ → /ˈɣno.ma/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡnɔ̌ː.maː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈɡno.ma/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɣno.ma/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈɣno.ma/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈɣno.ma/

### Noun

γνώμᾱ • (gnṓmā)
* nominative/accusative/vocative dual of γνώμη (gnṓmē)
# Cibin
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Cibin.

### Proper noun

Cibin
* A river in Sibiu, Romania.

## Italian
### Proper noun

Cibin m or f by sense
* a surname
# yullou
## Yola
### Alternative forms

* yellou

### Etymology

From Middle English yelow, from Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjʊləʊ/, /ˈjɛləʊ/

### Adjective

yullou
* yellow

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 80
Colors in Yola · [Term?] (layout · text) :
| whit, baun | gry | bhlock, ghou |
| reed | yulloureed | yullou, buee |
| *leem green | green | *meente |
| blúegreen | *asure | blúe |
| | purple | rowse |
# идејни
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From иде́ја.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǐdeːjniː/
* Hyphenation: и‧деј‧ни

### Adjective

ѝде̄јнӣ (Latin spelling ìdējnī)
* (relational) idea; ideal
* ideological

#### Declension
### References

* “идејни”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# jungfrujordarna
## Swedish
### Noun

jungfrujordarna
* definite plural of jungfrujord
# γνώμαιν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡnɔ̌ː.mai̯n/ → /ˈɣno.mɛn/ → /ˈɣno.men/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡnɔ̌ː.mai̯n/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈɡno.mɛn/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɣno.mɛn/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈɣno.men/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈɣno.men/

### Noun

γνώμαιν • (gnṓmain)
* genitive/dative dual of γνώμη (gnṓmē)
# tweaked
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Adjective

tweaked (comparative more tweaked, superlative most tweaked)
* (slang) Hallucinating, especially under the influence of crystal meth or similar narcotics.
* (slang, figurative) Broken, messy, out of order.
* (slang, figurative) On edge, nervous, tense.
** 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Petalburg:I don't know why, but Koops has been acting odd lately. What could be bothering him? Probably nothing. He's always tweaked about something.

### Verb

tweaked
* simple past and past participle of tweak
# -matu
## Estonian
### Etymology

Likely a variant of -tu.

### Suffix

-matu (genitive -matu, partitive -matut, comparative -matum, superlative kõige -matum)
* Derives nouns from (nominal stems of) verbs, that are generally only used in compounds
    panema "to put" → pandamatu, panematu → vastupandamatu "irresistible", tähelepanematu, tähelepandmatu "inattentive"
    võtma "to take" → võetamatu, võtmatu → vastuvõetamatu, vastuvõtmatu "unacceptable"
    kannatama "to suffer" → kannatamatu "impatient"
# Xhensila
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Xhensila f
* a female given name
# trajektorią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tra.jɛkˈtɔ.rjɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔrjɔw̃
* Syllabification: tra‧jek‧to‧rią

### Noun

trajektorią
* instrumental singular of trajektoria
# jungfrumarkerna
## Swedish
### Noun

jungfrumarkerna
* definite plural of jungfrumark
# Parmoptila
## Translingual

Wikispecies

### Proper noun

Parmoptila f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Estrildidae – antpeckers.

### References

* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# seueur
## Sundanese

Sundanese register set :
| lemes | seueur |
| lemes ka sorangan | {{{les}}} |
| lemes ka batur | {{{leb}}} |
| loma | loba, réa |
| cohag | {{{co}}} |

### Determiner

seueur (Sundanese script ᮞᮩᮉᮁ)
* much; many
# from scratch
## English
### Etymology

From the scratch drawn in the ground serving as the starting line of a foot race. A runner “starting from scratch” received no handicap, but started at the beginning of the course.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Prepositional phrase

from scratch
* (idiomatic) From the beginning; starting with no advantage or prior preparation.
    There were so many errors in the program that the programmer decided to rewrite it from scratch.
    When the writer finished writing his book, it was stolen and now he has to rewrite it from scratch.
    He had no money and no rich friends, so he had to build his business from scratch.
** 1980, Carl Sagan, Cosmos:If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe.
** 2006, Ioana V. Bazavan, Ian Lim, Information Security Cost Management, page 198:The advantages are that you may be able to build your services more quickly because you would not be starting from scratch, and you would proved a very friendly experience for your users, potentially eliminating or at least decreasing a variety of status inquiries and the possibility of missubmitting requests.
* (idiomatic) From basic materials or raw ingredients.
    She said she wanted to build a new house from scratch.
    He was out of pancake mix so he had to make the batter from scratch.
** 2002, The New Yorker:He sat there Friday night and built an entire model ship from scratch.
** 2019 October 23, Rail, page 21:"By having a research and design facility in north Derbyshire, we will once again build trains from scratch on our shores."

#### Related terms

* from the ground up
* scratch-built
* scratch made

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “from scratch”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# Melisa
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Melisa f
* a female given name

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Greek Μέλισσα (Mélissa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɛlisɑ]

### Proper noun

Melisa
* a female given name from Greek