# 牯

| 牯 | U+726F, &#29295; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-726F |
| ← 牮 [U+726E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牰 → [U+7270] |

## Translingual
### Han character

牯 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹手十口 (HQJR), four-corner 2456$_0$, composition ⿰牜古)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 699, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19981
* Dae Jaweon: page 1112, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1806, character 10
* Unihan data for U+726F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 箇 | *kaːls |
| 個 | *kaːls |
| 居 | *kɯ, *kas |
| 橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
| 嫴 | *kaː |
| 姑 | *kaː |
| 辜 | *kaː |
| 酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
| 蛄 | *kaː |
| 鴣 | *kaː |
| 沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
| 盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
| 古 | *kaːʔ |
| 罟 | *kaːʔ |
| 估 | *kaːʔ |
| 鈷 | *kaːʔ |
| 詁 | *kaːʔ |
| 牯 | *kaːʔ |
| 故 | *kaːs |
| 固 | *kaːs |
| 稒 | *kaːɡs |
| 痼 | *kaːɡs |
| 錮 | *kaːɡs |
| 鯝 | *kaːɡs |
| 棝 | *kaːɡs |
| 凅 | *kaːɡs |
| 枯 | *kʰaː |
| 軲 | *kʰaː |
| 跍 | *kʰaː |
| 骷 | *kʰaː |
| 苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
| 葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
| 餬 | *ɡaː |
| 瑚 | *ɡaː |
| 湖 | *ɡaː |
| 鶘 | *ɡaː |
| 猢 | *ɡaː |
| 醐 | *ɡaː |
| 糊 | *ɡaː |
| 箶 | *ɡaː |
| 蝴 | *ɡaː |
| 胡 | *ɡaː |
| 瓳 | *ɡaː |
| 怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
| 楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 据 | *ka |
| 裾 | *ka |
| 琚 | *ka |
| 椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
| 鶋 | *ka |
| 蜛 | *ka |
| 崌 | *ka |
| 涺 | *ka |
| 腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
| 鋸 | *kas |
| 倨 | *kas |
| 踞 | *kas |
| 涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːʔ): semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)

### Etymology

Wang (1982) related this word to 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”) and 豭 (OC *kraː, “boar”).
However, Schuessler (2007) suggested an Austroasiatic origin: compare these Bahnaric lexical items Koho klaw, Chrau klo:, Bulo Stieng klaw "male" (all from Proto-Bahnaric *kləw < Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁l(ə)w(ʔ) (“male”)), as well as Khmer ខ្លោះ (khlɑh, “male, virile”), កំលោះ (kɑmlɑh, “young man”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kú
    (Hailu, HRS): gu$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gu$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): gǔ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gou$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$
*** Yale: gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǔ
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu
*** Sinological IPA : /kou⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: kuX
Rime :
| Character | 牯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 公戸切 |
| Baxter | kuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kʷˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 牯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.kʷˁaʔ/ |
| English | male (bovine) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4225 |
| Phonetic component | 古 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 古 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːʔ/ |

### Definitions

牯
* bull; ox (especially castrated)
* cow (female)
* (Hakka, Teochew, suffix) male
    Antonym: 嫲 (Hakka)
    狗牯 [Sixian Hakka] ― kiéu-kú [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― male dog
    賊牯／贼牯 [Sixian Hakka] ― chhe̍t-kú [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― male thief

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 犅, 特, 犆 †, 牯 †, 犍 †, 犗 † |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 公牛, 牯牛, 牡牛, 雄牛, 犍牛 †, 閹牛 †, 種牛 ‡ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 公牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 公牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 牤牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 牤牛, 牤子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 牤牛, 牤子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 牤牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 牤牛, 牤子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 牤子, 牤牛, 犍牛 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 牤子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 牤牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 公牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 牤子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 牤牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 牤牛, 公牛, 犍子 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 犍子, 蛋犍子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 公牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 公牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 毛牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 𤙎牛, 犍牛 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 牤牛, 老犍 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 公牛, 犍牛 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 公牛, 犍牛 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 牤牛, 牤犍 †, 犍子 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 脬牛, 犍牛 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 脬牛, 犍牛 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 騷牛, 犍牛 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 公牛, 犍牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 騷牛, 脬牛, 犍牛 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 脬牛, 犍牛 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 公牛, 牯牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 公牛, 牯牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 牯牛, 騷牯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 公牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 公牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 公牛, 牛牯, 閹牯 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 牯子, 騷牯子, 公牛 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 公牛, 牯牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 公牛, 驐牛 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 犍牛, 牯牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 牯牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 牛公, 公牛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 生牯, 牛牯 † |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 牛牯, 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 公牛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 牛公 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 牛公 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牛牯, 樣牯子, 驐牯子 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 牛牯, 結牛 † |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 牛牯, 牯牛, 閹牛牯 † |
| Gan | Guixi | 閹牯 † |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牛牯, 牛牯仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 牛牯, 牛公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 牛公, 牛牯仔 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Changting | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 牛牯 † |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 牛牯頭 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 牛牯 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 牛牯 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 牯牛, 驐牛 † |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 公牛 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 牯牛, 犍牯 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 牯牛, 騷牯, 犍牯 † |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 牛牯仂 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 牯牛 † |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 牛牯, 肉牛 † |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 公牛 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 牙牛 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 公牛, 犍牛 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 牤牛 |
| Jin | Linhe | 騷牛 |
| Jin | Jining | 犍牛 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 牤牛 |
| Jin | Baotou | 犍牛 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 公牛 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 犍牛 |
| Jin | Handan | 犍牛 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 牛牯 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 牛牯 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 牛牯 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 牛牯 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 牛牯, 羯牯 † |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 牛牯 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 牛牯 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 牛牯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 牛犅 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 牛犅 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 牛犅 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 牛犅 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 牛角 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 牛牯 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 牛犅 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 牛牯 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 牛牯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 牛牯 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 牛犅, 牛牯 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 牛犅 † |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 牛公 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 牛犅, 牛種 ‡ |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 牛犅, 牛種 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 牛犅, 牛哥 ‡, 牛種仔 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 牛犅, 牛哥 ‡, 牛種 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 牛公, 牛犅仔, 牛種 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 牛公, 牛哥 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 牛犅, 牛哥 ‡, 牛種仔 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 牛犅, 牛哥 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 牛犅, 牛哥 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 牛犅, 牛哥 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 牛公, 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 牛牯, 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 牛犅 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 公牛 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 公牛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 牛公 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 牛牯, 牛閹 † |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 牛牯 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 牛公, 牛牯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 牛犅, 牛哥, 公牛 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 牛哥 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 牛牯 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 牛牯 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 牛牯 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 牛翁 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 牛牯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 公牛, 牯牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 雄牛, 公牛, 驐牛 † |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 雄牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 牯牛, 公牛, 驐牛 † |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 牯牛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 雄牛, 牯牛 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 雄牛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 公牛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 公牛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 雄牛, 羯牛 † |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 牛牯 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 雄牛, 牛牯, 羯牛 † |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 羯牯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牛牯子, 牛牯, 牯牛, 牛公子, 牛公, 騷牯子 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 牯牛 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 牛牯 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 牯牛 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 牯牛, 閹牛 † |
| Note | † - bullock; ‡ - stud | † - bullock; ‡ - stud |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 牯, 牝牛 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 母牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 母牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 母牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 乳牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 乳牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 乳牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 乳牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 母牛, 乳牛, 女牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 女牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 氏牛, 母牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 牸牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 母牛, 牸牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 騇牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 兕牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 母牛, 乳牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 乳牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 母牛, 牸牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 乳牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 乳牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 乳牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 乳牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 乳牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 母牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 母牛, 騇牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 母牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 母牛, 牸牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 母牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 母牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 母牛, 牛婆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 母牛, 騇牛 suburbs |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 牸牛, 母牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 母牛, 牸牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 母牛, 騇牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 騇牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 牛乸, 牛牸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 牛乸, 牛牸 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 牛乸, 牛牸 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 母牛 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 母牛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 牛乸 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 牛乸 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牛婆 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 牛𡡉, 𡡉兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 牛婆, 牛婆子, 牸牛, 牛牸 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 牛乸, 牛牸 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 牛嫲, 牛牸仔 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 牛乸, 牛嫲, 牛雌 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 牛嫲, 牛牸 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 牛乸 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Changting | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 牛婆 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 牛婆 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 牛婆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 牛牳婆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 牛嫲 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 牛嫲 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 牛婆 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 母牛 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 母牛 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 雌牛, 母牛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 母牛 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 母牛 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 母牛, 兕牛子 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 母牛 |
| Jin | Linhe | 乳牛 |
| Jin | Jining | 母牛 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 乳牛 |
| Jin | Baotou | 母牛 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 乳牛 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 乳牛 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 牛嫲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 牛嫲 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 牛嫲 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 牛嫲 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 牛嫲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 牛母 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 牛母, 牛種仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 母牛 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 牛母 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 牛母 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 牛母 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 牛母 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 母牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 雌牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 雌牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 母牛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 雌牛 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 雌牛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 母牛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 母牛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 牛娘, 雌牛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 牛娘, 牛牸, 草嘅牛 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 雌牛, 牸牛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牛婆子, 牛婆 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 牛婆子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 牛婆子, 牸牛 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 牛婆子, 牸牛 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 牛婆子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 牛婆 |

### Compounds

* 呱啦牯
* 呱牯
* 唊嘴牯 / 𰇕嘴牯
* 啦崎牯
* 多嘴牯
* 大嫲牯聲 / 大嫲牯声
* 大戇牯 / 大戆牯
* 大水牯
* 大箍牯
* 大賊牯 / 大贼牯
* 山牛牯
* 插事牯
* 放勢牯 / 放势牯
* 死牯
* 水牛牯
* 水牯
* 水雄牯
* 煞力牯
* 牛牯
* 牛角牯
* 牯子 (gǔzi)
* 牯嶺 / 牯岭 (Gǔlǐng)
* 牯牛 (gǔniú)
* 牯牛嶺 / 牯牛岭
* 牯犀
* 狗牯
* 癲牯 / 癫牯
* 盡命牯 / 尽命牯
* 石牯
* 硬飯牯 / 硬饭牯
* 細憨牯 / 细憨牯
* 羊牯
* 老猴牯
* 葉煠牯 / 叶煠牯
* 豬牯 / 猪牯
* 豬牯仔 / 猪牯仔
* 豺牯
* 貓牯 / 猫牯
* 賊牯 / 贼牯
* 賊牯子 / 贼牯子
* 雞牯 / 鸡牯
* 馬牯 / 马牯
* 騷牯 / 骚牯
* 魯夫牯 / 鲁夫牯

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こ (ko)、く (ku)
* Kun: おうし (ōshi)

## Korean
### Hanja

牯 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牯: Hán Nôm readings: cổ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.