# 雷同
## Chinese
### Etymology

The Eastern Han Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan (鄭玄), in his annotations to the Book of Rites (《禮記》), derived the meaning as "to echo each other [同 (OC *doːŋ)] in the manner of thunder [雷 (OC *ruːl)]", writing that "when a thunderclap strikes, all things resonate (with it) simultaneously" (「雷之發聲，物無不同時應者。」). The original text so commented upon, referring to the proper etiquette when receiving a lecture from an elder, reads
    長者不及，毋儳言。正爾容，聽必恭。毋勦說，毋雷同。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]长者不及，毋儳言。正尔容，听必恭。毋剿说，毋雷同。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionZhǎngzhě bùjí, wú chányán. Zhèng ěr róng, tīng bì gōng. Wú jiǎoshuō, wú léitóng. [Pinyin]If there be any subject on which the elder has not touched, let him not introduce it irregularly. Let him keep his deportment correct, and listen respectfully. Let him not appropriate (to himself) the words (of others), nor (repeat them) as (the echo does the) thunder.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): léitóng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi$^4$ tung$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lûi-tông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: léitóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: léitóng
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^2$-tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: léi-túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leitorng
*** Palladius: лэйтун (lɛjtun)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leoi$^4$ tung$^4$
*** Yale: lèuih tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loey$^4$ tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêu$^4$ tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵy̯²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi-tông
*** Tâi-lô: luî-tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lui'doong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui¹³⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lui²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: lwoj duwng
Rime :
| Character | 雷 | 同 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 魯回切 | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | lwoj | duwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luʌi/ | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luoi/ | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luɒi/ | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwəj/ | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /luᴀi/ | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /luɒi/ | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luɑ̆i/ | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | léi | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi$^4$ | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuj lˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ruːl doːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 雷 | 同 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | léi | tóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwoj › | ‹ duwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.rˁuj/ | /*lˁoŋ/ |
| English | thunder | together, join |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 雷 | 同 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7707 | 12446 |
| Phonetic component | 畾 | 同 |
| Rime group | 微 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 雷 | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*ruːl/ | /*doːŋ/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文象有節筒管與口協合， 如此方能音律諧和， 爲筒（簫）初文 |

### Verb

雷同
(set phrase)
* to be identical (when that should not be the case); to mirror each other; to resemble
       Rú yǒu léitóng, chúnshǔ qiǎohé. [Pinyin]
       Any resemblance to actual individuals or events is purely coincidental.
* to echo what others say; to parrot

#### Synonyms

* 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
* 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 相仿 (xiāngfǎng)
* 相似 (xiāngsì)
* 相像 (xiāngxiàng)
* 相若 (xiāngruò)
* 相近 (xiāngjìn)
* 相類 / 相类 (xiānglèi)
* 近似 (jìnsì)
* 逼肖 (bīxiào) (literary, to bear a close resemblance to)
* 隨 / 随 (suí) (Northern Mandarin, of a parent in appearance or disposition)
* 類似 / 类似 (lèisì)
* 類同 / 类同 (lèitóng)