# serene
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /səˈɹiːn/
* (US) IPA: /səˈɹin/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːn

### Etymology 1

From Middle English, borrowed from Latin serēnus (“clear, cloudless, untroubled”).

#### Adjective

serene (comparative more serene or serener, superlative most serene or serenest)
* Calm, peaceful, unruffled.
    Synonyms: cool-headed, placid; see also Thesaurus:calm
    She looked at her students with joviality and a serene mentality.
** 1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 6:Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.
* Without worry or anxiety; unaffected by disturbance.
    Synonyms: easygoing, unconcerned; see also Thesaurus:carefree
** 1908, Andy Adams, Reed Anthony, Cowman:I took train and reached Wichita, where my active partner was awaiting me. He had just returned from the Medicine River, and reported everything serene.
* (archaic) Fair and unclouded (as of the sky); clear; unobscured.
** 1717, Alexander Pope, “Winter. The Fourth Pastoral. […]”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], →OCLC, page 30:Now ſleeping flocks on their ſoft fleeces lie, / The moon, ſerene in glory, mounts the sky, […]
** 1750 June 12 (date written; published 1751), T[homas] Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, in Designs by Mr. R[ichard] Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], published 1753, →OCLC, page 32:Full many a gem of pureſt ray ſerene / The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear: […]
** 1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VI, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC:A serene sky and verdant fields filled me with ecstasy.
* Used as part of certain titles, originally to indicate sovereignty or independence.
    Her Serene Highness

##### Derived terms

* all serene
* drop serene
* sereneness
* serenity
* Your Serene Highness

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

serene (third-person singular simple present serenes, present participle serening, simple past and past participle serened)
* (transitive) To make serene.
** 1708, [John Philips], “Book II”, in Cyder. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 68:The Hoary Froſts, and Northern Blaſts take care / Thy muddy Bev'rage to ſerene, and drive / Præcipitant the baſer, ropy Lees.
** a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 34, lines 866–867:When heaven and earth, as if contending, vye / To raiſe his being, and ſerene his ſoul.

#### Noun

serene (plural serenes)
* (poetic) Serenity; clearness; calmness.
** 1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:the serene of heaven
** 1742, Edward Young, Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality:To their master is denied / To share their sweet serene.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French serein, from Old French serein (“evening”), from Vulgar Latin *serānum, from substantive use of sērum, neuter of sērus (“late”) + -ānus suffix.

#### Noun

serene (plural serenes)
* A fine rain from a cloudless sky after sunset.
** 1605 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, Ben: Ionson His Volpone or The Foxe, [London]: […] [George Eld] for Thomas Thorppe, published 1607, →OCLC, Act III, scene vii, signatures H2, recto – H2, verso:Some ſerene blaſt me, or dire lightning ſtrike / This my offending face.

##### Alternative forms

* serein
* serena (obsolete)

### References

* Oxford English Dictionary. serein n. 1.

### Anagrams

* reseen, resene

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

serene
* inflection of sereen:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive

## Esperanto
### Etymology

serena +‎ -e

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [seˈrene]
* Rhymes: -ene
* Hyphenation: se‧re‧ne

### Adverb

serene
* calmly, serenely

## Italian
### Adjective

serene
* feminine plural of sereno

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From serēnus +‎ -ē.

#### Adverb

serēnē (comparative serēnius, superlative serēnissimē)
* clearly, brightly

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

serēne
* vocative masculine singular of serēnus

### References

* “serene”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Portuguese
### Verb

serene
* inflection of serenar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

serene
* inflection of serenar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Swedish
### Adjective

serene
* definite natural masculine singular of seren