# баба
## Avar
### Alternative forms

* буба (buba)

### Etymology forms

From Proto-Avaro-Andian *bab.

### Noun

баба • (baba) class 3 (ergative бабаца, genitive бабал)
* mother; mom, mum

#### See also

* эбел (ebel)

## Belarusian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaba]

### Noun

ба́ба • (bába) f pers (genitive ба́бы, nominative plural ба́бы, genitive plural баб)
* grandmother, granny, old woman
* (historical) (any) woman; countrywoman
    не ме́ла ба́ба кло́пату (дык) купі́ла ба́ба парася́ ― nje mjéla bába klópatu (dyk) kupíla bába parasjá ― the woman had no trouble but the woman has bought a piglet
* (colloquial, slang, derogatory) woman, female, broad

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### Noun

ба́ба • (bába) f inan (genitive ба́бы, nominative plural ба́бы, genitive plural баб)
* pile block

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “баба” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbabɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ба́ба • (bába) f
* grandmother, grandma, granny, gran
* old woman, goody, granny
* mother-in-law (one’s wife’s mother)
* midwife, wise woman
* wise woman, sorceress, witch
* woman, weakling, milksop, mollycoddle, molly, old maid
* monkey

#### Declension
### References

* “баба”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “баба”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Hunzib
### Noun

баба • (baba)
* bread

## Kazakh
### Noun

баба • (baba)
* ancestor

#### Declension
## Khinalug
### Noun

баба (baba)
* bread

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian баба (baba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaba/, [ˈbäbä]
* Rhymes: -aba
* Hyphenation: ба‧ба

### Noun

баба • (baba)
* old woman
* wife, wifey

#### Declension

Possessive declension of баба :

#### Derived terms

* нывбаба (nyvbaba)

### References

* Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 37
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 31

## Macedonian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaba]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ба‧ба

#### Noun

баба • (baba) f (plural баби, relational adjective бабин or бапски, diminutive бабичка or бабиче or бабуле, augmentative бабиште or бабетина)
* grandmother, grandma, granny, gran
* old woman, goody, granny
* mother-in-law (one’s wife’s mother)
* midwife
* (in the singular) the last three days of March
* (historical) (any) woman; countrywoman
* (derogatory) milksop, weakling, old woman (weak man)

##### Declension
#### References

* “баба” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بابا (baba) (Turkish baba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaba]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ба‧ба

#### Noun

баба • (baba) m (uncountable)
* father, dad (used by Muslim Macedonians)
    Synonym: татко (tatko)

##### Declension
#### References

* “баба” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* (Glagolitic): ⰱⰰⰱⰰ (baba)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Noun

баба • (baba) f
* grandmother
* midwife
* wet nurse

#### See also

| отьчьство (otĭčĭstvo, “family”) | Male | Female |
| parent родител҄ь (roditelʹĭ) | отьць (otĭcĭ), авва (avva, “father”) | мати (mati, “mother”) |
| sibling | братръ (bratrŭ, “brother”) | сестра (sestra, “sister”) |
| child | сꙑнъ (synŭ, “son”) | дъщи (dŭšti, “daughter”) |
| grandparent | дѣдъ (dědŭ, “grandfather”) | баба (baba, “grandmother”) |
| grandchild | въноукъ (vŭnukŭ, “grandson”) | – (“granddaughter”) |
| great-grandparent | прѣдѣдъ (prědědŭ, “great-grandfather”) | – (“great-grandmother”) |
| mother's sibling | оуи (ui, “maternal uncle”) | – (“maternal aunt”) |
| father's sibling | стрꙑи (stryi, “paternal uncle”) | – (“paternal aunt”) |
| sibling's child | братанъ (bratanŭ), сꙑновь (synovĭ), сꙑновьць (synovĭcĭ, “nephew”) | братана (bratana, “niece”) |
| cousin | братоучѧдъ (bratučędŭ, “male cousin”) | братоучѧда (bratučęda, “female cousin”) |
| spouse | мѫжь (mǫžĭ), чрьтожьникъ (črĭtožĭnikŭ), малъженъ (malŭženŭ, “husband”) | жена (žena), чрьтожьница (črĭtožĭnica), съложь (sŭložĭ, “wife”) |
| parent of wife | тьсть (tĭstĭ, “father-in-law (wife's father)”) | тьща (tĭšta, “mother-in-law (wife's mother)”) |
| parent of husband | свекръ (svekrŭ, “father-in-law (husband's father)”) | свекрꙑ (svekry, “mother-in-law (husband's father)”) |
| sibling of husband | дєвєръ (deverŭ, “brother-in-law (husband's brother)”) | зълꙑ (zŭly, “sister-in-law (husband's sister)”) |
| spouse of child | зѧть (zętĭ, “son-in-law (daughter's husband)”) | снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law (son's wife)”) |
| spouse of husband's brother | – | етрꙑ (etry), кѫпетра (kǫpetra, “sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”) |
| stepchild | пасторъкъ (pastorŭkŭ, “stepson”) | – (“stepdaughter”) |
| step-parent | отьчимъ (otĭčimŭ, “stepfather”) | мащеха (maštexa, “stepmother”) |

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑbɑ/→/ˈbaba/→/ˈbaba/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈbɑbɑ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈbaba/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈbaba/

### Noun

баба (baba) f
* married woman
* midwife
* fortune teller, hex
* (in the plural) women

#### Descendants

* Russian: ба́ба (bába)
* Ukrainian: ба́ба (bába)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “баба”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 35

## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbabə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ба́ба • (bába) f anim or f inan (genitive ба́бы, nominative plural ба́бы, genitive plural баб, masculine бабе́ц, relational adjective ба́бий or ба́бский, diminutive бабёнка, pejorative ба́бка or бабёшка)
* (childish) grandma, granny (short for ба́бушка (bábuška))
    Ма́ма, а где ба́ба? ― Máma, a gde bába? ― Mom, where’s grandma?
* (informal or archaic) old woman (short for ба́бушка (bábuška))
    Жи́ли-бы́ли дед да ба́ба. ― Žíli-býli ded da bába. ― There once lived an old man and his old woman.
* (historical) (any) woman; countrywoman
* (colloquial, slang, derogatory) woman, female, broad; countrywoman
    Кто э́та ба́ба? ― Kto éta bába? ― Who's that broad?
    Все ба́бы — ду́ры; все мужики́ — сво́лочи (contemporary Russian saying)Vse báby — dúry; vse mužikí — svóloči"all women are idiots; all men are bastards"
* (obsolete) peasant’s wife, peasant woman
* (derogatory) milksop, old woman (weak man)
* (technical) ram (of a pile driver)
* (technical) drop weight
* (cooking) baba (tall, cylindrical cake), bundt cake, Gugelhupf
    ро́мовая ба́ба ― rómovaja bába ― rum baba, rum cake
* in expressions
    сне́жная ба́ба ― snéžnaja bába ― snowman
    ка́менная ба́ба ― kámennaja bába ― primitive stone statue

#### Derived terms

* оба́биться pf (obábitʹsja)

##### Proverbs

* ба́ба с во́зу — кобы́ле ле́гче (bába s vózu — kobýle léxče)
* ба́ба ска́чет то за́дом, то пе́редом, а дела́ иду́т свои́м че́редом (bába skáčet to zádom, to péredom, a delá idút svoím čéredom)

#### Related terms

* ба́бушка (bábuška), ба́бка (bábka)
* Ба́ба-Яга́ (Bába-Jagá), Ба́бий Яр (Bábij Jar)
* бабу́ся (babúsja), бабу́ля (babúlja), ба́бка (bábka), ба́бник (bábnik), ба́бство (bábstvo)
* ба́бки (bábki), бабло́ (babló), бабло́сы (bablósy), бабо́сы (babósy)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: baaba
* → Komi-Zyrian: баба (baba)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bâba/
* Hyphenation: ба‧ба

### Noun

ба̏ба f (Latin spelling bȁba)
* grandmother
* granny, grandma
* (usually derogatory) old woman, hag
* (derogatory) female person

#### Synonyms

* (grandmother; grandma): ба́ка, нена

### References

* “баба”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic.

### Noun

баба • (baba)
* ancestor
* father

### References

* Comparative and historical grammar of Turkic languages. Lexicon, 2001, in Russian, 654 pages.

## Udi
### Alternative forms

* бава (bava) — Nij

### Etymology

For the development of в (v) in the Nij dialect see абазакӏ (abazaḳ).

### Noun

баба • (baba) (Vartashen)
* father

### References

* Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “баба”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎, Baku: Academy Press, page 65

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *baba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbabɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ба́ба • (bába) f pers (genitive ба́би, nominative plural баби́, genitive plural баб or бабі́в, relational adjective ба́бський or ба́б'ячий, augmentative баби́ще)
* grandmother, granny, old woman (in some cases maternal grandmother only)
* a fortune teller or witch, practising the art of віск зливати (visk zlyvaty, “wax pouring”)
* (historical) (any) woman; countrywoman
    не ма́ла ба́ба кло́поту та купи́ла ба́ба порося́ ― ne mála bába klópotu ta kupýla bába porosjá ― the woman had no trouble but the woman has bought a piglet
* (colloquial, slang, derogatory) woman, female, broad

#### See also

* бабу́ся f pers (babúsja)

### Noun

ба́ба • (bába) f inan (genitive ба́би, nominative plural баби́, genitive plural баб)
* baba, babka (a special, delicate ritual bread that is blessed by a priest at Easter)
    Synonym: ба́бка (bábka)
* baba (a name given to сніп (snip) at Christmas, a sheaf of grain (wheat or rye), brought into the home for Christmas Eve supper свята́ вече́ря (svjatá večérja), placed in a corner of the room and later fed to livestock or cattle)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “баба”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “баба”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “баба”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

## Urum
### Noun

баба • (baba)
* father