# tomar
## Asturian
### Verb

tomar (first-person singular indicative present tomo, past participle tomáu)
* to drink (consume liquid through the mouth)
* to take
* to cover
* to go, travel

#### Conjugation
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* tumar

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tomar (“to take”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toˈmaɾ/ [toˈmaɾ]
* Hyphenation: to‧mar

### Verb

tomár (Basahan spelling ᜆᜓᜋᜍ᜔)
* (rare, transitive) to take medicine
    Synonym: inom
* (rare, transitive) to swallow a pill
    Synonyms: halon, hamil

#### Derived terms

* magtomar
* tomaron

## Catalan
### Etymology

From pomar, from Latin palma (“hand”), influenced by Spanish tomar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [tuˈma]
* IPA: (Balearic) [toˈma]
* IPA: (Valencia) [toˈmaɾ]

### Verb

tomar (first-person singular present tomo, first-person singular preterite tomí, past participle tomat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /o/
* (transitive) to catch

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “tomar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “tomar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “tomar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Cebuano
### Verb

tomar
* Alternative spelling of tumar

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tomar, of unknown origin; perhaps from Latin autumāre or from Germanic. Compare Portuguese and Spanish tomar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toˈmaɾ/

### Verb

tomar (first-person singular present tomo, first-person singular preterite tomei, past participle tomado)
* (transitive) to take
    Synonym: coller
* (transitive) to grab
    Synonym: agarrar
* (transitive) to seize, to capture
    Synonyms: conquistar, prender
* (transitive) to drink
    Synonym: beber
* (transitive) to take (food, a pill, etc)
    Synonym: comer
* (transitive) to sunbathe
    Synonym: asollar
    Ven acó tomar o sol.Come here to sunbathe.
* (intransitive) to accept, to receive [with por]

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* tomada

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “tomar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
* ↑ T. C. Donkin (1864) An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages; chiefly from the German of F. Diez.‎, Williams and Norgate, retrieved 13 May 2018, page 431
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tomar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tomar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “toom”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tomar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tomar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tomar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Ladino
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish tomar (“to take”), further origin uncertain. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *tumāre, aphaeresis of Latin autumāre (“to affirm (the right to own/possess something)”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Verb

tomar (Hebrew spelling טומאר)
* (transitive) to take (get) [16th c.]
    El Dio la dio, el Dio la tomo. ― The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away.
** 1553, “Genesis, II”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara‎, page 2:[…] y hizo caher.A.Dio,adormidura ſobre el hõbre, y adormecioſſe:y tomo una de ſus coſtillas,y cerro carne en ſu lugar.And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the place with flesh instead thereof.
* (transitive) To pass (or attempt to pass) through or around; to take.
** 19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi‎, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 277:[…] tomo el kamino dela banka otomana, […]He took the Ottoman Bank's road.
* (transitive) to marry (start a marriage with somebody)
** 1973, Annual‎, volumes 8–10, page 186:Los ke se toman con amor, biven con dolor.Those who marry in love live in pain.
* (transitive) to receive (accept)
** 19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi‎, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 234:[…] lo toman por el Hristos.They accept him as the Christ.
* (transitive) to begin (an action)
** 19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi‎, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 234:[…] toman a pensar loke esto es, […]They begin to think about what this is.

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ “tomar”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /to.ˈmaɾ/
* Rhymes: -aɾ

### Verb

tomar
* to take; to seize
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 26 (facsimile):
    e logo chegar..a alma tomar demões q̇ a leuarõ. mui toſte ſẽ tardar
       and soon devils arrived, seizing the soul and took it very quickly without delay

#### Descendants

* Galician: tomar
* Portuguese: tomar

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Verb

tomar
* (transitive) to take (get)
* (transitive) to remove, to take away, to take down, to take off, to pull off, to pull out, to clear, to clear away, to strip, to strip away
* (transitive) to receive (accept)
* (transitive) to reach; to attain or achieve; to catch up with
* (transitive) to experience
* (transitive) to begin (an action)
* (transitive) to choose (elect)
* (transitive) to undertake, to engage in
* (transitive) to hunt
* (transitive) to occupy through assault
* (transitive) to bring along (someone)
* (transitive) to learn (understand)

#### Descendants

* Ladino: tomar
* Spanish: tomar
** Bikol Central: tomar, tumar
** Cebuano: tomar, tumar

### References

* Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “tomar”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 499

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese tomar, of unknown origin. Possibly derived from Latin autumāre (“to reckon; to affirm”). Compare Galician and Spanish tomar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /toˈma(ʁ)/ [toˈma(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /toˈma(ʁ)/ [toˈma(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /toˈma(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /toˈma(ʁ)/ [toˈma(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /toˈma(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tuˈmaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tuˈmaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tuˈma.ɾi/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Northern Portugal):(file)
* Homophone: Tomar

### Verb

tomar (first-person singular present tomo, first-person singular preterite tomei, past participle tomado)
* (transitive) to take (to get something into one’s possession or control)
    Fui ao banco tomar meu dinheiro.I went to the bank to get my money.
** (transitive, military) to take; to conquer (to seize control of a location)
    Os cruzados tomaram Jerusalém.The crusaders took Jerusalem.
** (transitive) to steal (to take something illegally)
    O ladrão tomou todo o meu dinheiro.The thief has taken all my money.
* (transitive) to take; to receive (to be the victim of an interaction)
    Tomei um soco na cara.I took a punch to the face.
* (transitive, applicable to some nouns) to put into practice
    tomar uma decisãoto make a decision
    tomar medidasto take measures
* (transitive) to take for; to consider; to regard (to have a certain opinion about someone or something) [with direct object ‘someone/something’ and por ‘for someone/something’]
    Eu tomei a Maria por corrupta.I took Mary for a corrupt woman.
* (transitive) to take into the body
** (transitive) to drink (to ingest a liquid)
    Eu tomei suco.I drank juice.
    Ela não gosta de tomar sopa.She doesn't like to eat soup.
** (intransitive, by extension) to drink (to consume alcoholic beverages, especially habitually)
    Ele toma muito durante os finais de semana.He drinks a lot on weekends.
** (transitive) to take (to use a medicine)
    Esqueci-me de tomar os antidepressivos.I forgot to take the antidepressants.
* (transitive) to take; to experience, undergo (to put oneself into, to be subjected to)
    tomar um banhoto take a shower

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:tomar.

#### Synonyms

* (to take): pegar
* (to steal): roubar
* (to consider as): considerar (como)
* (to drink): beber
* (to drink alcohol): beber

#### Derived terms

* tomada
* tomar jeito
* tomar no cu
* tomar um ar
* tomar uma
* tomar vergonha

### References

* ↑ Yakov Malkiel, Etymology

## Spanish
### Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *tumāre, aphaeresis of Latin autumāre (“to affirm (the right to own/possess something)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toˈmaɾ/ [t̪oˈmaɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: to‧mar

### Verb

tomar (first-person singular present tomo, first-person singular preterite tomé, past participle tomado)
* to take
    Los niños toman clases de inglésThe children take English classes
    Me tomó mucho tiempoIt took me a long time
    Tómalo con calma.Take it easy.
    Me tomaron por un loco.They took me for a lunatic.
** 2015 December, “Cine venezolano después del 6D”, in El Nacional‎:Dependerá de cada quien tomarlas en consideración o no.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to drink, have (especially an alcoholic beverage)
    Synonym: beber
    Tomo una sidra.I'll have a cider.
* to take (travel by means of)
    Synonym: (Spain) coger
    tomar el tren ― to take the train

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* a tomar por culo
* a tomar por el culo
* a tomar por saco
* irse a tomar viento
* para dar y tomar
* retomar
* toma
* toma corte
* toma y daca
* tomacorrientes
* tomadura
* tomar a la ligera
* tomar a pecho
* tomar aire
* tomar armas
* tomar asiento
* tomar cartas en el asunto
* tomar conciencia
* tomar cuerpo
* tomar el agua
* tomar el aire
* tomar el hábito
* tomar el olivo
* tomar el pelo
* tomar el pendil
* tomar el pendingue
* tomar el portante
* tomar el sol
* tomar el sombrero
* tomar el toro por los cuernos
* tomar el viento
* tomar en cuenta
* tomar la alternativa
* tomar la borla
* tomar la ceniza
* tomar la delantera
* tomar la embocadura
* tomar la estrella
* tomar la lección
* tomar la mano
* tomar la manta
* tomar la mañana
* tomar la palabra
* tomar la sangre
* tomar las afufas
* tomar las aguas
* tomar las armas
* tomar los pasos
* tomar nota
* tomar partido
* tomar por culo
* tomar por el pito del sereno
* tomar por saco
* tomar por sorpresa
* tomar posesión
* tomar un agua
* tomar una posición (“to take a stand, to take a position”)
* tomar una siesta
* tomarse con Dios
* tomarse la justicia por su mano
* tomarse la voz
* tomavistas

### Further reading

* “tomar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “tomar”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
* tomar | Diccionario • DELE Ahora

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طومار (tomar).

### Noun

tomar (definite accusative tomarı, plural tomarlar)
* scroll
* a great quantity of paper or money

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
tomar
tomarlar
definite accusative
tomarı
tomarları
dative
tomara
tomarlara
locative
tomarda
tomarlarda
ablative
tomardan
tomarlardan
genitive
tomarın
tomarların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
tomarım
tomarlarım
2nd singular
tomarın
tomarların
3rd singular
tomarı
tomarları
1st plural
tomarımız
tomarlarımız
2nd plural
tomarınız
tomarlarınız
3rd plural
tomarları
tomarları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
tomarımı
tomarlarımı
2nd singular
tomarını
tomarlarını
3rd singular
tomarını
tomarlarını
1st plural
tomarımızı
tomarlarımızı
2nd plural
tomarınızı
tomarlarınızı
3rd plural
tomarlarını
tomarlarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
tomarıma
tomarlarıma
2nd singular
tomarına
tomarlarına
3rd singular
tomarına
tomarlarına
1st plural
tomarımıza
tomarlarımıza
2nd plural
tomarınıza
tomarlarınıza
3rd plural
tomarlarına
tomarlarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
tomarımda
tomarlarımda
2nd singular
tomarında
tomarlarında
3rd singular
tomarında
tomarlarında
1st plural
tomarımızda
tomarlarımızda
2nd plural
tomarınızda
tomarlarınızda
3rd plural
tomarlarında
tomarlarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
tomarımdan
tomarlarımdan
2nd singular
tomarından
tomarlarından
3rd singular
tomarından
tomarlarından
1st plural
tomarımızdan
tomarlarımızdan
2nd plural
tomarınızdan
tomarlarınızdan
3rd plural
tomarlarından
tomarlarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
tomarımın
tomarlarımın
2nd singular
tomarının
tomarlarının
3rd singular
tomarının
tomarlarının
1st plural
tomarımızın
tomarlarımızın
2nd plural
tomarınızın
tomarlarınızın
3rd plural
tomarlarının
tomarlarının :

### Further reading

* “tomar”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu