# حق
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From the root ح ق ق (ḥ q q). Compare Hebrew חוק (ḥóqq, “law”), Classical Syriac ܚܘܩܐ (ḥuqqā, “rule”), Ge'ez ሐቀቀ (ḥäḳäḳä, “to fasten”), Tigrinya ሓቂ (ḥaqqi, “truth”). Perhaps related to حَجَّ (ḥajja, “to convince with legal arguments; to make the pilgrimage to Mecca”) and words corresponding to this root in the other Semitic languages.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaq.qa/

#### Verb

حَقَّ • (ḥaqqa) I (non-past يَحِقُّ (yaḥiqqu) or يَحُقُّ (yaḥuqqu), verbal noun حَقَّة (ḥaqqa) or حَقّ (ḥaqq) or حُقُوق (ḥuqūq))
* to be true, to be confirmed
* to be right, to be correct
* to be necessary, to be obligatory, to be imperative
* to be adequate, to be suitable, to be appropriate, to be fitting
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:36:وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولًا أَنِ ٱعْبُدُوٱ ٱللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوٱ الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ فَسِيرُوٱ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَٱنْظُرُوٱ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَwalaqad baʕaṯnā fī kulli ʔummatin rasūlan ʔani ʕbudū l-laha wājtanibū ṭ-ṭāḡūta faminhum man hadā l-lahu waminhum man ḥaqqat ʕalayhi ḍ-ḍalālatu fasīrū fī l-ʔarḍi fanẓurū kayfa kāna ʕāqibatu l-mukaḏḏibīnaAnd we certainly sent into every nation a messenger [saying] “worship God and avoid the idol”. And among them were those whom God guided, and among them were those upon whom error was deservedly enacted. So proceed through the earth and see how was the end of the deniers.
* to be due

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَقَّ • (ḥaqqa) I (non-past يَحُقُّ (yaḥuqqu), verbal noun حَقّ (ḥaqq))
* to ascertain, to make sure
* to recognize, to identify

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħuq.qa/

#### Verb

حُقَّ • (ḥuqqa) I (passive-only, first-person singular past حُقِقْتُ (ḥuqiqtu), non-past يُحَقُّ (yuḥaqqu), verbal noun حَقَّة (ḥaqqa) or حَقّ (ḥaqq) or حُقُوق (ḥuqūq)) (passive voice)
* to be necessary, to be obligatory, to be imperative
* to be adequate, to be suitable, to be appropriate, to be fitting
* to be due

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaqq/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

حَقّ • (ḥaqq) m (plural حُقُوق (ḥuqūq))
* verbal noun of حُقَّ (ḥuqqa) (form I)
* verbal noun of حَقَّ (ḥaqqa) (form I)
* equity
* truth
* correctness, right
* rightful possession, property
* right
* proper manner
* reality
* (in the plural, law) rights, claims, legal claims
    الْحُقُوق (al-ḥuqūq) — law, jurisprudence

##### Antonyms

* بَاطِل (bāṭil)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ħaqq
* → Azerbaijani: həqq, haqq
* → Bashkir: хаҡ (xaq)
* → Chagatai: حق
** Uyghur: ھەق (heq)
** Uzbek: haq
* → Gagauz: hak
* → Karachay-Balkar: хакъ (xaq)
* → Malay: hak
** Indonesian: hak
* → Nogai: хакъ (xak”)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حق (hakk)
** Turkish: hak
** → Albanian: hak
** → Bulgarian: хак (hak)
* → Classical Persian: حَقّ (haqq)
** → Assamese: সক (xok)
** → Bengali: হক (hok)
** → Dhivehi: ހައްގު (haggu)
** → Gujarati: હક (hak)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हक़ (haq)
    Urdu: حق (haq)
**   * → Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕು (hakku)
**   * → Telugu: హక్కు (hakku)
**   * → Tamil: அக்கு (akku)
** → Marathi: हक्क (hakka)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਕ (hakka)
    Shahmukhi script: حَق (ḥaq)
** → Rohingya:
    Latin script: hók
    Arabic script: حࣤ࣪قۡ
    Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 (hók)
* → Swahili: haki
* → Turkmen: hak
(via plural form حُقُوق (ḥuqūq)):
* → Azerbaijani: hüquq
* → Bashkir: хоҡуҡ (xoquq)
* → Chagatai: حقوق
** Uyghur: ھوقۇق (hoquq)
** Uzbek: huquq
* → Crimean Tatar: uquq
* → Hausa: haqqoq
* → Karakalpak: huqıq
* → Kashmiri: حقوٗق (hqūq)
* → Kazakh: құқық (qūqyq)
* → Kyrgyz: укук (ukuk)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حقوق (hukûk)
** Turkish: hukuk
* → Pashto: حقوق
* → Classical Persian: حُقُوق (huqūq)
** Iranian Persian: حُقوق (hoğuğ)
** Tajik: ҳуқуқ (huquq)
* → Somali: xuquuq
* → Tatar: хокук (xoquk)
* → Turkmen: hukuk
* → Urdu: حُقُوق (huqūq)
* → Western Panjabi: حقوق (haqūq)

#### Adjective

حَقّ • (ḥaqq) (feminine حَقّ (ḥaqq), masculine dual حَقّ (ḥaqq), feminine dual حَقّ (ḥaqq), common plural حَقّ (ḥaqq))
* true, authentic, real
* right, fair and reasonable
* valid, sound, correct

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

Using the root ح ق ق (ḥ q q) via the idea of “fitting” parts.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħuqq/

#### Noun

حُقّ • (ḥuqq) m (plural أَحْقَاق (ʔaḥqāq) or حِقاق (ḥiqāq) or حُقُوق (ḥuqūq))
* jar
* pitcher
* hollow, cavity
* (anatomy) socket of a joint

##### Declension
### Etymology 5
#### Noun

حُقّ • (ḥuqq) f pl
* plural of حُقَّة (ḥuqqa)

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 405–406
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 605–608
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “حق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 223–224
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 288

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈħaɡɡ/

#### Noun

حَقّ • (ḥagg) m (plural حقوق (ḥugūg))
* equity
* right
* rightful possession, property
* claim, legal claim

#### Preposition

حَقّ • (ḥagg) (feminine حَقَّة (ḥaggat) or حَقَّت (ḥaggat), plural حَقُّون (ḥaggōn))
* belonging to.
    هذا الكتاب حق بدر. ― hāda l-kitāb ḥagg badir/badur ― This book belongs to Badir.

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Arabic حُقّ (ḥuqq).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈħuɡɡ/

#### Noun

حق • (ḥugg) m (plural أحقاق (ʔaḥgāg))
* (archaic) small box, can
    Synonym: عُلبة (ʕulba)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [haqq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häq(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häq(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäq(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäq(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæɢɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [häq(ː)]

### Noun

حَقّ • (haqq) (plural حُقوق (hoquq) or حق‌ها (haqq-hâ))
* right
* truth; reality

#### Descendants

* → Assamese: সক (xok)
* → Bengali: হক (hok)
* → Dhivehi: ހައްގު (haggu)
* → Gujarati: હક (hak)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हक़ (haq)
    Urdu: حق (haq)
*   * → Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕು (hakku)
*   * → Telugu: హక్కు (hakku)
*   * → Tamil: அக்கு (akku)
* → Marathi: हक्क (hakka)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਕ (hakka)
    Shahmukhi script: حَق (ḥaq)
* → Rohingya:
    Latin script: hók
    Arabic script: حࣤ࣪قۡ
    Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 (hók)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حَقّ (haqq), borrowed from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /ɦəqː/, [ɦɐk.kə̆]

### Noun

حَقّ • (ḥaqq) m (plural حَقُوق, Gurmukhi spelling ਹੱਕ or ਹੱਕ਼)
* right, privilege
* truth, righteousness
* (by extension, religion) God (an attribute of God)
* due, portion, share

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “حقّ”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “حق”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
* “ਹੱਕ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَقَّ (ḥaqqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaʔʔ/, [ħaʔ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Noun

حَقّ • (ḥaʔ / ḥaq) m (plural حقوق (ḥuʔūʔ, ḥʔūʔ/ ḥuqūq, ḥqūq))
* justice, truth, rightness
* right, something to which one is entitled
* value

### Verb

حقّ • (ḥaʔʔ) I (present بحقّ (biḥiʔʔ))
* to have a right to something, to be entitled to something

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حَقّ (haqq), borrowed from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq). First attested in c. 1421 as Middle Hindi حق (ḥq /⁠haq(q)⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɦəq/
* Rhymes: -əq

### Noun

حَق • (haq) m (formal plural حُقُوق (huqūq), Hindi spelling हक़)
* a right (ie. a privilege or claim by law etc.)
* portion, share
    Synonym: حِصَّہ (hissa)
* reward (ie. a right that is earned)
* the truth, righteousness
    Synonym: سَچ (sac)
    Antonym: باطِل (bātil)
* (by extension, religion) God (an attribute of God)
* duty, obligation
    Synonym: فَرْض (farz)

#### Descendants

* → Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕು (hakku)
* → Telugu: హక్కు (hakku)
* → Tamil: அக்கு (akku)

### References

* ↑ “حق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “حق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “حق”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]