# 參る
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 參
* まい Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 參る – see the following entry. :
| 【参まいる】 | [verb] [from 720] (intransitive, humble) to go [verb] [from early 1000s] (intransitive, humble) to come [verb] [from late 900s] (intransitive) to visit (typically a place of social or spiritual importance, such as a noble's house or a shrine) [verb] to be overcome, to cede to a superior person or superior circumstances (by extension from the older "go to a superior" sense) [verb] [from late 1500s] (intransitive) to lose to an opponent [verb] [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to be bothered, overwhelmed, done in by circumstances [verb] [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to die [verb] [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to fall for someone romantically [verb] (transitive, humble, archaic) to go to (Can we verify this sense?) [verb] [late 900s–???] (transitive, humble, archaic) to serve someone in some capacity, to do something for someone [verb] [1478–???] (transitive, humble, archaic) a 脇付 (wakizuke, “respectful title written after an addressee's name”) on the side of a formal letter |
(This term, 參る, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

Possibly from a maw- stem cognate with 申す (mawosu, “to say, be called”).

#### Verb

參る (mawiru) (kana まゐる)
* (humble, formal) to call on, visit
** c. 753, Bussokuseki no Uta (Yakushi-ji Buddha Footprint Poems), poem 8
    己乃美阿止乎多豆禰毛止米弖与伎比止乃伊麻須久爾爾波和禮毛麻胃弖牟毛呂毛呂乎爲弖ko$_2$no$_2$ mi$_1$-ato$_2$ wo tadunemoto$_2$me$_2$te yo$_2$ki$_1$ pi$_1$to$_2$ no$_2$ imasu kuni ni pa ware mo mawitemu moro$_2$moro$_2$ wo wite(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4116:, text here
    ...彌夜故敞爾末為之和我世乎安良多末乃等之由吉我弊理......mi$_1$yako$_1$pe$_1$ ni mawisi waga se wo aratama no$_2$ to$_2$si yuki$_1$gape$_1$ri...(please add an English translation of this usage example)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4393:, text here
    於保伎美能美許等爾作例波知知波波乎以波比弊等於枳弖麻爲弖枳爾之乎opoki$_1$mi$_1$ no$_2$ mi$_1$-ko$_2$to$_2$ ni sareba titipapa wo ipapi$_1$be$_1$ to$_2$ oki$_1$te mawite ki$_1$nisi wo(please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 參 | まゐ | mawi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 參 | まゐ | mawi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 參る | まゐる | mawiru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 參る | まゐる | mawiru |
| Realis (已然形) | 參れ | まゐれ | mawire |
| Imperative (命令形) | 參よ | まゐよ | mawiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 參ず | まゐず | mawizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 參れど | まゐれど | mawiredo |
| Causal conjunction | 參れば | まゐれば | mawireba |
| Conditional conjunction | 參ば | まゐば | mawiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 參き | まゐき | mawiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 參けり | まゐけり | mawikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 參つ | まゐつ | mawitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 參ぬ | まゐぬ | mawinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 參たり | まゐたり | mawitari |
| Volitional | 參む | まゐむ | mawimu |

##### Derived terms

* 參る (mawiru), see below
* 參來 (mawiku)
* 參到る (mawitaru)
* 參出 (mawidu)
* 參上る (mawino$_2$boru)

### Etymology 2

Compound of 參 (mawi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verb 參る (mawiru), “to call on”, see above) +‎ 入る (iru, “to enter”), the second i removed due to absence of vowel clusters.

#### Verb

參る (mawiru) (kana まゐる)
* (humble) to go, enter, visit especially a court
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 186:, text here
    一日者千遍參入之東乃大寸御門乎入不勝鴨pi$_1$to$_2$pi$_1$ ni pa titabi$_1$ mawirisi *pi$_1$mukasi no$_2$ opoki$_1$ mi$_1$kado$_1$ wo irikatenu ka mo(please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 參ら | まゐら | mawira |
| Continuative (連用形) | 參り | まゐり | mawiri |
| Terminal (終止形) | 參る | まゐる | mawiru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 參る | まゐる | mawiru |
| Realis (已然形) | 參れ | まゐれ | mawire |
| Imperative (命令形) | 參れ | まゐれ | mawire |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 參らず | まゐらず | mawirazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 參れど | まゐれど | mawiredo |
| Causal conjunction | 參れば | まゐれば | mawireba |
| Conditional conjunction | 參らば | まゐらば | mawiraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 參りき | まゐりき | mawiriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 參りけり | まゐりけり | mawirikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 參りつ | まゐりつ | mawiritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 參りぬ | まゐりぬ | mawirinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 參れり 參りたり | まゐれり まゐりたり | mawireri mawiritari |
| Volitional | 參らむ | まゐらむ | mawiramu |

##### Derived terms

* 參り (mawiri)
* 參り來 (mawiriku)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 参る (mairu)