# streng
## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sd̥ʁaŋˀ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Danish sthrængh, from Proto-Germanic *strangijaz (“tight, tense”), cf. German streng. It is variant of the adjective Proto-Germanic *strangaz, Old Norse strangr, English strong.

#### Adjective

streng
* strict, tight, stringent
* hard, severe, rigorous
* stiff
* stern
* austere

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

#### References

* “streng,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse strengr, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-.

#### Noun

streng c (singular definite strengen, plural indefinite strenge)
* string
* strand

##### Derived terms

* strengbeton
* strengeinstrument
* strengeleg
* strengeleje
* strengespil

#### References

* “streng,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /strɛŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: streng
* Rhymes: -ɛŋ

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch strenge, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *strangijaz (“tight, tense”), *strangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut”). Compare German streng, English strong, Danish streng.

#### Adjective

streng (comparative strenger, superlative strengst)
* strict, severe, rigorous, unbending, cruel

##### Derived terms

* gestreng
* streng in de leer
* strengelijk
* strengheid

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: streng
* → Papiamentu: strèn
* → Manado Malay: streng

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-. Compare Low German Strenge, German Strang, English string, Danish streng.

#### Noun

streng f or m (plural strengen, diminutive strengetje n)
* string, twined object, as most ropes or cords

##### Derived terms

* navelstreng
* strengel
* strengenkabel
* strengkoker
* strengpan

##### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: strèn

### References

* Prof. dr. G. Geerts e.a., van Dale. Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Utrecht - Antwerp, Van Dale Lexicografie, 1984 (eleventh edition). [leading Dutch dictionary in Dutch, commonly known as ‘de Grote Van Dale’]

### Anagrams

* grenst

## German
### Alternative forms

* strenge (archaic, as a byform until earlier 20th c.)

### Etymology

From Middle High German strenge, from Old High German strengi (“strong”), strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangijaz (“tight, tense”), *strangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut”); related to Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”). Cognate with Dutch streng, English strong, Danish streng.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃtʁɛŋ/
* Audio (Berlin):(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Hyphenation: streng

### Adjective

streng (strong nominative masculine singular strenger, comparative strenger, superlative am strengsten)
* strict, rigorous
    Synonyms: autoritär, drakonisch, drastisch, genau, gnadenlos, grundsätzlich, hart, entschieden, erbarmungslos, puritanisch, rigide, rigoros, schonungslos, strikt, unerbittlich, unnachsichtig
    Antonyms: gelinde, mild, nachsichtig
** 1787 CE: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Egmont
    Ich sehe kein Mittel, weder strenges noch gelindes, dem Übel zu steuern.I see no means, neither severe nor mild, by which to stem the evil.
* (of conditions, e.g. weather) severe, intense
    Synonyms: bitter, hart, schwer
* (of smell, taste) pungent, strong and unpleasant
    Synonym: beißend

#### Derived terms

* Strenge

### Adverb

streng
* strictly, very much
** 1993, Die Ärzte, Lieber Tee:Da rauchen sie dann Haschisch ... aber das ist streng geheim.There they smoke hashish ... but that is strictly secret.

### Further reading

* “streng” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “streng” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “streng” in Duden online

## Icelandic
### Noun

streng m
* inflection of strengur:
** indefinite accusative singular
** indefinite dative singular

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish sreng, from Old Norse strengr.

### Noun

streng f (genitive singular streng, plural strengyn)
* string, cord, line
* wire

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* strenge, stringe

### Etymology

From Old English strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangiz.
Variants with /ɡ/ are unexpected, in contrast to henge, and probably show influence from Old Norse strengr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstrend͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈstrind͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈstrenɡ(ə)/, /ˈstrinɡ(ə)/

### Noun

streng (nominative plural strenges)
* string

#### Descendants

* English: string (see there for further descendants)

#### References

* “streng, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse strangr.

#### Adjective

streng (neuter singular strengt, definite singular and plural strenge, comparative strengere, indefinite superlative strengest, definite superlative strengeste)
* strict
* stringent
* harsh (e.g. winter)

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse strengr, in computing a semantic loan from English string.

#### Noun

streng m (definite singular strengen, indefinite plural strenger, definite plural strengene)
* a cord or string
* (music) a string
* (computing) a string

##### Derived terms

* buestreng
* g-streng
* navlestreng
* strengeinstrument

### References

* “streng” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* trengs

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse strangr. Doublet of strang.

#### Adjective

streng (neuter strengt, definite singular and plural strenge, comparative strengare, indefinite superlative strengast, definite superlative strengaste)
* strict
* stringent
* harsh (e.g. winter)

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse strengr, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz. The computing sense is a semantic loan from English string.

#### Noun

streng m (definite singular strengen, indefinite plural strenger or strengar, definite plural strengene or strengane)
* a cord or string
* (music) a string
* (computing) a string

##### Derived terms

* g-streng
* navlestreng
* strengeinstrument

### References

* “streng” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* rengst, trengs

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* strenċ

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-. Compare Old High German strang and Old Norse strengr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /strenj/, [strend͡ʒ]

### Noun

strenġ m
* string, rope, cord

#### Declension

Strong i-stem:

#### Derived terms

* -strenġe

#### Descendants

* Middle English: streng, string
** English: string

## Old Norse
### Noun

streng
* accusative singular indefinite of strengr m
* dative singular indefinite of strengr m