# 亟

| 亟 | U+4E9F, &#20127; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E9F |
| ← 亞 [U+4E9E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 亠 → [U+4EA0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

亟 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一水一 (MEM), four-corner 1010$_4$, composition ⿱⿻了叹一(G) or ⿱⿻丂叹一(TJKV))

#### Derived characters

* 𰂟, 㥛, 極, 殛, 䓧, 䩯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 279
* Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 55, character 7
* Unihan data for U+4E9F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亟 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj28200j28201Bronze inscriptionsb18634b18635b18636b18637b18638b18639b18640Small seal scripts10126Transcribed ancient scriptsL20161L20162L20163L20164 |||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 亟 | *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ |
| 茍 | *kɯɡ |
| 殛 | *kɯɡ |
| 極 | *ɡɯɡ |
Originally ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 人 + semantic 二. The components 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) were added later. Unrelated to both 丂 and 了.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jí (ji$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jí
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gik$^1$
*** Yale: gīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kik
Rime :
| Character | 亟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紀力切 |
| Baxter | kik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kik › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)ək/ |
| English | urgently |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 5736 |
| Phonetic component | 茍 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殛 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯɡ/ |

#### Definitions

亟
* urgently
* urgent; pressing

#### Compounds

* 亟亟 (jíjí)
* 亟待 (jídài)
* 亟思
* 亟欲
* 亟需
* 孔亟 (kǒngjí)
* 需才孔亟

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kei$^3$
*** Yale: kei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kéi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰei̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: khiH
Rime :
| Character | 亟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去吏切 |
| Baxter | khiH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)ək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰ(r)ək-s/ |
| English | often |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 5734 |
| Phonetic component | 茍 |
| Rime group | 志 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亟 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯɡs/ |

#### Definitions

亟
* (literary) repeatedly; frequently
       From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
       Ài Gōngshū Duàn, yù lì zhī, qì qǐng yú Wǔ Gōng, Gōng fú xǔ. [Pinyin]
       She loved Gongshu Duan and wanted to establish him as heir. Time and again she asked this favor of Lord Wu, but the lord would not grant it.

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00058
* “亟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* sudden

#### Readings

* Go-on: こ (ko)、こく (koku)
* Kan-on: き (ki)、きょく (kyoku)
* Kun: すみやか (sumiyaka, 亟やか)
* Nanori: とし (toshi)

#### Usage notes

Although in the JIS X 0208 specification as character 48-20, this character does not appear to be used in modern Japanese.

## Korean
### Hanja

亟 • (geuk, gi) (hangeul 극, 기, revised geuk, gi, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, ki, Yale kuk, ki)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

亟: Hán Nôm readings: cấc, cức, cực
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation