# 申

| 申 | U+7533, &#30003; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533 |
| ← 甲 [U+7532] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 甴 → [U+7534] |
Emoji style :
| 🈸︎ | 🈸️ |
| Text style is forced with ⟨&#xFE0E;⟩ and emoji style with ⟨&#xFE0F;⟩. ||
| 🈸 U+1F238, &#127544; SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533 ← 🈷 [U+1F237] Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈹 → [U+1F239] ||

## Translingual
### Han character

申 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 5000$_6$, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

#### Derived characters

* 伸 坤 神 紳 (绅) 𣁱 审

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 758, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
* Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2526, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7533

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 申 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 電 | *l'iːns |
| 胂 | *l̥ʰin, *hlin |
| 申 | *hlin |
| 伸 | *hlin |
| 呻 | *hlin |
| 紳 | *hlin |
| 眒 | *hlin, *hlins |
| 柛 | *hlin |
| 訷 | *hlin |
| 抻 | *hlins |
| 神 | *hlin |
| 朄 | *lins |
Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).

### Etymology
#### “to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”

    From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).

#### 9th earthly branch

    From sense "to extend", denoting the moon's "extending" phase, i.e. waxing half-moon with a concave edge (Smith, 2010).
    For its association with the monkey, compare Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”), Proto-Hmong *ʔlinᴬ (“monkey”), and Proto-Mien *ʔbiŋᴬ (“monkey”).

#### “Shanghai”

    From 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng), an alternative name of 黃浦江／黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shēn (shen$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): san$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sin$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): siin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂n
    (Hailu, HRS): shin$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xin$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): seng$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sin / chhun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shen
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$
*** Yale: shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sen$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
*** Sinological IPA : /sən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$
*** Yale: sān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sin³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: siin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɨn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /səŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin / chhun
*** Tâi-lô: sin / tshun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: syn, zhwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/, /t͡sʰun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
* sin - literary;
* chhun - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: syin
Rime :
| Character | 申 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 失人切 |
| Baxter | syin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕin/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hlin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 申 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syin › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥i[n]/ |
| English | 9th earthly branch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 申 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11235 |
| Phonetic component | 申 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 申 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlin/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象閃電， 後轉註爲電字 |

### Definitions

申
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”).
* to extend; to stretch
* to state; to explain
    三令五申 ― sānlìngwǔshēn ― to repeat and reaffirm the commands multiple times
* to request; to report
* to announce; to express
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) again; repeatedly
    申命記／申命记 ― Shēnmìngjì ― Book of Deuteronomy (lit. book of reaffirmation of laws)
* ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
** monkey of the Chinese zodiac
** 3 to 5 p.m.
** seventh month of the Chinese calendar
* (～國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
* Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 神 (“deity”)
* a surname

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài)

### Compounds

* 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
* 伊留申
* 守庚申
* 引申 (yǐnshēn)
* 引申義 / 引申义 (yǐnshēnyì)
* 按鈴申告 / 按铃申告
* 擊鼓申冤 / 击鼓申冤
* 昭冤申枉
* 春申君
* 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng)
* 熊經鳥申 / 熊经鸟申
* 生申令日
* 申令 (shēnlìng)
* 申冤 (shēnyuān)
* 申叔
* 申告 (shēngào)
* 申報 / 申报 (shēnbào)
* 申奏 (shēnzòu)
* 申屠 (Shēntú)
* 申救
* 申文 (shēnwén)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 申旦
* 申旦達夕 / 申旦达夕
* 申明 (shēnmíng)
* 申時 / 申时 (shēnshí)
* 申浦
* 申狀 / 申状
* 申理
* 申申
* 甲申之役
* 申覆
* 申解
* 申討 / 申讨 (shēntǎo)
* 申訴 / 申诉 (shēnsù)
* 申詳 / 申详
* 申誡 / 申诫
* 申說 / 申说 (shēnshuō)
* 申論 / 申论 (shēnlùn)
* 申請 / 申请 (shēnqǐng)
* 申請書 / 申请书 (shēnqǐngshū)
* 申謝 / 申谢
* 申辦 / 申办 (shēnbàn)
* 申辯 / 申辩 (shēnbiàn)
* 申述 (shēnshù)
* 申重
* 申雪 (shēnxuě)
* 申韓 / 申韩
* 申領 / 申领 (shēnlǐng)
* 申飭 / 申饬
* 重申 (chóngshēn)
* 露申

### References

* “申”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* (humble) to speak
* the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kun: もうす (mōsu, 申す, Jōyō)、もうし (mōshi, 申し)、さる (saru, 申)、かさねる (kasaneru, 申ねる)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 申
* さる Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
From 猿 (saru, “monkey”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さる [sáꜜrù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠ɾɯ̟]
* Homophones: 猿, 去る, 避る, 然る

#### Proper noun

申(さる) • (Saru)
* the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 申
* しん Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 申 (syin).

#### Proper noun

申(しん) • (Shin)
* the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

### Hanja

Wikisource 申 (eumhun 펼칠 신 (pyeolchil sin))
* hanja form of 신 (“to extend; to stretch”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

申: Hán Nôm readings: thân
* chữ Hán form of Thân (“ninth of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Compounds

* 丙申 (Bính Thân)
* 壬申 (Nhâm Thân)
* 庚申 (Canh Thân)
* 戊申 (Mậu Thân)
* 甲申 (Giáp Thân)