OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܐܡܦܪܛܘܪܘܬܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܬܐ ܚܕܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʔɪm.prɑːtˤoːruːtɑː‿ʔɑːʃoːreːtɑː‿xdat.tɑː]

### Proper noun

ܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܘܼܬܵܐ ܐܵܫܘܿܪܵܝܬܵܐ ܚܕܲܬܵܐ • (imprāṭōrūtā āšōrāytā ḥdattā) f
* Neo-Assyrian Empire
    ܘܡ̣ܢ ܗܵܕܲܟ݂، ܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܘܼܬܵܐ ܐܵܫܘܿܪܵܝܬܵܐ ܚܕܲܬܵܐ ܡܘܼܥܒ݂ܸܕ ܠܵܗ̇ ܥܲܠ ܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪ̈ܘܵܬܹܐ ܕܥܵܠܡܵܐ ܥܲܬܝܼܩܵܐ ܒܡܲܪܕܘܼܬܵܐ، ܘܒܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ، ܘܒܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬܹ̈ܐ.w-min hādaḵ, imprāṭōrūtā āšōrāytā ḥdattā muˁḇid lāh ˁal imprāṭōrwātē d-ˁālmā ˁatīqā b-mardūtā, w-bšulṭānā, w-b-ḥaylāwātē.And through this, the Neo-Assyrian Empire influenced culturally, governmentally, and militarily on the empires of the ancient world.
# ܡܦܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Causative of ܦܵܬܹܐ (pātē, “to be wide”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [map.teː]

### Verb

ܡܲܦܬܹܐ • (maptē)
* (transitive) to widen, broaden
    ܡܒܵܬ݇ܪ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܚܸܒ݂ܨܵܐ ܕܡܲܪܕܝܼܬܵܐ، ܡܲܦܬܘܼܝܹܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܠܵܗ̇ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ.mbār šinnē d-ḥiḇṣā d-mardītā, maptūyē ìwaḥ lāh urḥā.After years of traffic jams, we are widening the road.
* (transitive) to broaden or extend in scope or range.
    ܫܘܼܪܛܵܐ ܡܘܼܦܬܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܨܘܼܚܨܵܝܵܝܗܝ̈.šurṭā muptē lhōn ṣuḥṣāyāyh.The police widened their enquiries.
* (transitive) to expand upon one's words or comments, to elaborate upon.

#### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/C-weak-3i|ܦ|ܬ}}
# ܕܘܢܝܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [dun.jeː]

### Noun

ܕܘܼܢܝܹܐ • (dunyē) f
* world, this mortal life; life in this world
* the weather conditions
    ܨܸܚܘܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܕܘܼܢܝܹܐ ― ṣiḥwā ìlāh dunyē ― The weather is fair
    ܡܸܛܪܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܕܘܼܢܝܹܐ ― miṭrā ìlāh dunyē ― The weather is rainy
    ܦܵܘܚܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܕܘܼܢܝܹܐ ― pāwḥā ìlāh dunyē ― The weather is windy

#### Synonyms

* (world): ܥܵܠܡܵܐ (ˁālmā), ܬܹܒ݂ܹܝܠ (tēḇēl)
* (weather): ܡܘܼܙܵܓ݂ܵ ܗܵܘܵܐ (muzzāḡā hāwā)
# كس
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کُس (kus, “cunt”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuss/

### Noun

كُسّ • (kuss) m
* (vulgar) pussy
** Ibn Nubātah al-Miṣri
    يَقُولُ لِي مَنْ لَا دَرَى حَالَتِي / أَرَاكَ قَدْ غِبْتَ عَنِ ٱلْعِشْرَةِ / لَعَلَّ مَوْلَانَا بِكُسٍّ خَلَا / قُلْتُ نِعْمَ كُسِّ أُخْتِ مَا أَكْرَهُyaqūlu lī man lā darā ḥālatī / ʔarāka qad ḡibta ʕani l-ʕišrati / laʕalla mawlānā bikussin ḵalā / qultu niʕma kussi ʔuḵti mā ʔakrahuAnd he who knows nothing about my state would say, / "You have been quite detached from all the company. / Has his Majesty been screwing some pussy secretly?" / I said, "Screw all of my despicable worries!"

#### Descendants

* Hebrew: כּוּס (kus)

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian کس (kos, “cunt”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koss/

### Noun

كس • (kuss) m
* (vulgar) pussy, cunt

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian کس (kos, “cunt”).

### Noun

كس • (kiss) m
* (vulgar) pussy
    كس اختك ― kiss iḵtak ― your sister’s pussy
    كس امك ― kiss ímmak ― your mother’s pussy

#### Usage notes

* The phrases above are used as general terms of discontentment (like English fuck!), but they can also be insults (fuck you!) and should therefore be used with particular caution.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Persian کس (kos, “cunt”). Senses in other languages are vulgar. Dictionaries employ the neutral word vulva, but they may have been constrained by the standards of 19th century publishers.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cys]

#### Noun

كس • (küs)
* vulva
    Synonyms: آم (am), فرج (ferc)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: küs

### Etymology 2

From Persian کس (kas, “person”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cɛs]

#### Noun

كس • (kes)
* person, individual
    Synonyms: كیشی (kişi), شخص (şahs, şahis)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kes

### References

* Bittner, Maximilian (1900) Der Einfluss des Arabischen und Persischen auf das Türkische. Eine philologische Studie (Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften)‎ (in German), volume 142, number 3, Wien: In Commission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, page 68
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1545
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “كس”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 749a
# Squalidae
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

Squalus +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Squalidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Squaliformes – dogfish sharks.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Chondrichthyes – class; Elasmobranchii – subclass; Selachimorpha – superorder; Squaliformes – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Squalus – type genus; Cirrhigaleus – other extant genus
** †Paraphorosoides, †Protosqualus – extinct genera

### References

* Squalidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Squalidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Squalidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# Ἄδαδος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒀭𒅎.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /á.da.dos/ → /ˈa.ða.ðos/ → /ˈa.ða.ðos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /á.da.dos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈa.da.dos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈa.ða.ðos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈa.ða.ðos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈa.ða.ðos/

### Noun

Ἄδαδος • (Ádados) m (genitive Ἀδάδου); second declension
* Adad
** 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 14.1:Τῶν δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἄχαβον ὄντων τοιούτων κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ὁ τοῦ Ἀδάδου βασιλεύων τῶν Σύρων καὶ Δαμασκοῦ δύναμιν ἐξ ἁπάσης τῆς χώρας συναγαγὼν καὶ συμμάχους τοὺς πέραν Εὐφράτου βασιλέας ποιησάμενος τριάκοντα καὶ δύο ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄχαβον.Tôn dè perì tòn Ákhabon óntōn toioútōn katà tòn autòn kairòn ho toû Adádou basileúōn tôn Súrōn kaì Damaskoû dúnamin ex hapásēs tês khṓras sunagagṑn kaì summákhous toùs péran Euphrátou basiléas poiēsámenos triákonta kaì dúo estráteusen epì tòn Ákhabon.

#### Descendants

* Latin: Adad
* Latin: Adadus
* Greek: Αδάδ (Adád)

### References

* Ἄδαδος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Ἄδαδος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# ధర్మాసనము
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* ధర్మాసనం (dharmāsanaṁ)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “morality, virtue; statute, ordinance, law”) + आसन (āsana, “seat, chair”) +‎ -ము (-mu).

### Noun

ధర్మాసనము • (dharmāsanamu) ? (plural ధర్మాసనములు)
* a judge's seat, the bench

### References

* "ధర్మము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 621
# PRVI
## English
### Etymology

Abbreviation of Puerto Rico Virgin Islands.

### Proper noun

PRVI
* Abbreviation of Puerto Rican Virgin Islands. (Spanish Virgin Islands), the Passage Islands
* Synonym of PRUSVI (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)
* Puerto Rico, Passage Islands, and the Virgin Islands (British and U.S.)

#### Related terms

* PR (“Puerto Rico”)
* VI (“Virgin Islands”)
* USVI (“United States Virgin Islands”)
* BVI (“British Virgin Islands”)
* PRUSVI (“Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands”)

### Anagrams

* PVRI, priv
# اقترب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iq.ta.ra.ba/

### Verb

اِقْتَرَبَ • (iqtaraba) VIII (non-past يَقْتَرِبُ (yaqtaribu), verbal noun اِقْتِرَاب (iqtirāb))
* to approach, to near, to draw near (مِنْ (min) to)
    تَقْتَرِبُ دَرَجةُ الحَرارةِ من الثَلاثينَ دَرَجةً. ― The temperature is approaching thirty degrees.
    ولِأنَّ اللهَ خالِقُهُم، كانَ سيُهَيِّئُ لهُمُ الوَسيلَةَ لِيَتَحَرَّروا مِنَ الخَطِيَّةِ ويَقتَرِبوا إلَيه.Because God is their Creator, He would provide the means for them to be freed from sin and draw near to Him.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 96:19:كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَٱسْجُدْ وَٱقْتَرِبkallā lā tuṭiʕhu wasjud waqtaribAgain, no! Never obey him ˹O Prophet˺! Rather, ˹continue to˺ prostrate and draw near ˹to Allah˺.

#### References

* Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “اقترب”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “اقترب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “قرب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# استأجر
## Arabic
### Verb

اِسْتَأْجَرَ • (istaʔjara) X (non-past يَسْتَأْجِرُ (yastaʔjiru), verbal noun اِسْتِئْجَار (istiʔjār))
* to rent; to lease
* to hire, to recruit

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic اِسْتَأْجَرَ (istaʔjara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.taʔ.ʒar/, [ɪsˈtaʔ.ʒar], [ɪsˈtaʔ.d͡ʒar]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

استأجر • (istaʔjar) X (present بستأجر (bistaʔjer))
* to rent, to lease
    بدّي استأجر غرفة. ― biddi staʔjer ḡorfe. ― I want to rent a room.
# صام
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ص و م (ṣ w m). Compare Hebrew צָם (ṣām) and Ge'ez ጾመ (ṣomä, “to fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is a semantic loan from Aramaic צום / ܨܳܡ (ṣām, “to fast”), referring to the meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages.

### Verb

صَامَ • (ṣāma) I (non-past يَصُومُ (yaṣūmu), verbal noun صَوْم (ṣawm) or صِيَام (ṣiyām))
* (obsolete) to stand still, to become calm
* to fast (to abstain, usually from food and drink)

#### Conjugation
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “صام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صَامَ (ṣāma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤɑːm/

### Verb

صام • (ṣām) I (non-past يصوم (yiṣūm), active participle صايم (ṣāyim))
* to fast
    Antonym: فطر (fiṭir, “to break one's fast”)
    المسلمين يصوموا في شهر رمضان.al-muslimīn yiṣūmu fi šahr ramaḍān.Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan.

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صَامَ (ṣāma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaːm/, [sˤɑːm]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

صام • (ṣām) I (present بصوم (biṣūm), active participle صايم (ṣāyem))
* to fast
    المسلمين بصومو في شهر رمضان.il-muslimīn biṣūmu fi šahr ramaḍān.Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan.
# استفاد
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.ta.faː.da/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

اِسْتَفَادَ • (istafāda) X (non-past يَسْتَفِيدُ (yastafīdu), verbal noun اِسْتِفَادَة (istifāda))
* to earn, to acquire, to benefit, to profit, to capitalize, to avail oneself of
    أَخْبِرِيهِنَّ أَن يَسْتَفِدْنَ مِن أَوْقَاتْهِنَّʾaḵbirī-hinna ʾan yastafidna min ʾawqāthinnatell (to a woman) them (f) to make use of their time

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic اِسْتَفَادَ (istafāda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.ta.faːd/, [ɪs.taˈfæːd]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

استفاد • (istafād) X (present بستفيد (bistafīd))
* to benefit or profit from, to make use of
    بصراحة بستفيد كتير من محاضراته.bi-ṣarāḥa bastafīd ktīr min muḥāḍarātoHonestly, I get a lot out of his lectures.
# روديوم
## Arabic
### Noun

رُودِيُوم • (rōdiyūm) m
* rhodium
    الروديوم هو عنصر نفيس في العلوم والصناعة.Ar-rōdiyūm huwa ʿanṣar nafīs fī al-ʿulūm wal-ṣināʿah.Rhodium is a precious element in both science and industry.
# بطن
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From the root ب ط ن (b ṭ n). Cognate with Hebrew בֶּטֶן (béten, “stomach”), Aramaic בטנא (baṭnā, “womb”), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎉𐎐 (bṭn, “to be pregnant”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /batˤn/

#### Noun

بَطْن • (baṭn) m (plural بُطُون (buṭūn) or أَبْطُن (ʔabṭun))
* stomach, abdomen
* womb
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 53:32:هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَإِذْ أَنْتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْhuwa ʔaʕlamu bikum ʔiḏ ʔanšaʔakum mina l-ʔarḍi waʔiḏ ʔantum ʔajinnatun fī buṭūni ʔummahātikum(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* interior
* depth

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: bətn
* → Ottoman Turkish: بطن (batın)
** > Turkish: batın (inherited)
* → Swahili: batini

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.tˤin/

#### Adjective

بَطِن • (baṭin)
* big-bellied, pot-bellied

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.tˤa.na/

#### Verb

بَطَنَ • (baṭana) I (non-past يَبْطُنُ (yabṭunu), verbal noun بَطْن (baṭn) or بُطُون (buṭūn))
* to be concealed, to be hidden
* to enter, to become familiar [with مِن (min) ‘among a group’]
* (transitive) to enter (a valley, a house, etc.)
* (transitive) to know, to become familiar with (an issue, a person, etc.)
* to afflict [with بِ (bi) ‘someone’] (of a disease)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.tˤu.na/, /ba.tˤi.na/

#### Verb

بَطُنَ • (baṭuna) I (non-past يَبْطُنُ (yabṭunu), verbal noun بَطَانَة (baṭāna)) بَطِنَ • (baṭina) I (non-past يَبْطَنُ (yabṭanu), verbal noun بَطَن (baṭan))
* to be big-bellied, to be paunchy

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.tˤa.na/

#### Verb

بَطَنَ • (baṭana) I (non-past يَبْطُنُ (yabṭunu), verbal noun بَطْن (baṭn))
* to strike (someone's) belly

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /batˤ.tˤa.na/

#### Verb

بَطَّنَ • (baṭṭana) II (non-past يُبَطِّنُ (yubaṭṭinu), verbal noun تَبْطِين (tabṭīn))
* to fill, to line, to inlay

##### Conjugation
### References

* “بطن” in Almaany
* Freytag, Georg (1830–1837) “بطن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 132
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “بطن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic بَطْن (baṭn).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.tˤin/

#### Noun

بطن • (baṭin) f (construct state بَطْن (baṭn), plural بُطون (buṭūn))
* stomach, abdomen
    بَطْني تِوْجَعْني ― baṭni tiwjaʕni ― My stomach hurts
* interior
* depth
* womb

### Etymology 2

From Arabic بَطَّن (baṭṭan).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /batˤ.tˤan/

#### Verb

بَطَّن • (baṭṭan) II (non-past يِبَطِّن (yibaṭṭin))
* to fill, to line, to inlay

##### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَطْن (baṭn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /batˤn/, [ˈbɑ.tˤ(ɪ)n]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

بطن • (baṭn) m (plural بطون (bṭūn))
* belly, stomach, abdomen

#### See also

* معدة (miʕde, “stomach (organ)”)
# بم
## Arabic
### Etymology

From بِـ (bi-) +‎ مَا (mā).

### Particle

بِمَ • (bima)
* with what?

## Persian
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

بم • (bam) (comparative بم‌تَر (bam-tar), superlative بم‌تَرین (bam-tarin))
* (music) bass, low (pitch)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəm/

#### Preposition

بم • (bəm) (dialectal)
* Herati form of به (be, “to; in; for”)

### Etymology 3
#### Proper noun

بم • (bam)
* Bam (a city in Iran)
    ارگ بم ― arg-e bam ― the citadel of Bam

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from English bomb, possibly via Urdu بَمْ (bam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäm]

#### Noun

بم • (bam)
* (Dari) bomb

#### References

* ↑ Tomasz Gacek (2014) “De-Russianisation of internationalisms in the Tajik language”, in Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis‎, volume 131, number 2 (in English), pages 149–160:The word بومبه was introduced into Tajik in the pre-Soviet period and its immediate source was most probably the Russian бомба, which is indicated by the word-final -a (there is no justification for this in Tajik itself and Russian seems to be a much more probable source than e.g. Italian or a Slavonic language other than Russian). In Tajik lexicography, the form бомба (a Cyrillic counterpart of بومبه) is dominant. However, in the most recent texts we notice another form, namely бомб, which is also mentioned in Nazarzoda’s dictionary as a variant typical of conversational language. This may be a re-borrowing from Persian. However, (...) the traditional correspondence of vowel sounds between Persian and Tajik is not respected here (one would expect a form like */bumb/). Retaining the /-o-/ in this form may be a result either of the influence of a formerly used form or e.g. of the English spelling. It is interesting to note that in Pashto and Dari (probably the former influenced the latter) we find forms like بم /bam/ (from the spoken English bomb /bɒm/, possibly via Urdu).

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bomb.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bəm/

### Noun

بَم • (bam) m (Hindi spelling बम)
* bomb

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu بم (bam).

### Noun

بم (bam)
* bomb, explosives
# ابو
## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* أبو (alternative spelling)

### Etymology

From Arabic أَبُو (ʔabū), construct state of أَب (ʔab). The adjective usurped the usages of ذُو (ḏū).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abu/

### Noun

ابو • (abu) m
* construct state of ابّ (abb): father of

### Adjective

ابو • (abu) (feminine امّ (umm))
* (construct only, singular only, informal) which is with, which has
    الراجل أبو طربوش ― ir-rāgil abu ṭarbūš ― The man with the fez

## Malay
### Noun

ابو (plural ابو-ابو or ابو٢, informal 1st possessive ابوکو, 2nd possessive ابومو, 3rd possessive ابوڽ)
* Jawi spelling of abu‎

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَب (ʔab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əbː.uː/
* Rhymes: -uː

### Noun

اَبُّو • (abbū) m (Hindi spelling अब्बू)
* (endearing) diminutive of اَبّا (abbā, “dad”)
    Coordinate term: اَمّی (ammī)

### Further reading

* “ابو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “ابو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ابو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 27
* Platts, John T. (1884) “ابو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 5
* John Shakespear (1834) “ابو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
# صوفي
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤuː.fijj/

### Etymology 1

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of صُوف (ṣūf, “wool”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ص و ف (ṣ w f).

#### Adjective

صُوفِيّ • (ṣūfiyy) (feminine صُوفِيَّة (ṣūfiyya), masculine plural صُوفِيُّونَ (ṣūfiyyūna), feminine plural صُوفِيَّات (ṣūfiyyāt))
* woolen

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Same as above, due to a popular clothing in pertinent orders. An alleged derivation from Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, “wise”) has no formal or factual basis.

#### Adjective

صُوفِيّ • (ṣūfiyy) (feminine صُوفِيَّة (ṣūfiyya), masculine plural صُوفِيُّونَ (ṣūfiyyūna), feminine plural صُوفِيَّات (ṣūfiyyāt))
* Sufi
    الْأَدَبُ الْصُّوفِيُّ غَالِبًا يَسْتَخْدِمُ الْشِّعْرُ وَالْمُوسِيقَى لِلْتَّعْبِيرِ عَنِ الْتَّجْرِبَةِ الْرُّوحِيَّةِ.al-ʔadabu l-ṣṣūfiyyu ḡāliban yastaḵdimu l-ššiʕru wālmūsīqā lilttaʕbīri ʕani l-ttajribati l-rrūḥiyyati.Sufi literature often uses poetry and music to express the spiritual experience.

##### Declension
#### Noun

صُوفِيّ • (ṣūfiyy) m (plural صُوفِيُّونَ (ṣūfiyyūna), feminine صُوفِيَّة (ṣūfiyya))
* Sufi

##### Declension
#### Related terms

* تَصَوُّف (taṣawwuf)
* صُوفِيَّة (ṣūfiyya)

### References

* Hartmann, Richard (1916) “Zur Frage nach der Herkunft und den Anfängen des Ṣûfîtums.”, in Der Islam (in German), volume 6, pages 31–70
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1894) “Ṣûfî”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 48, pages 45–48

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤuː.fi/

### Adjective

صوفي • (ṣūfi)
* (slang) non-smoker, does not smoke or use tobacco; analgesics (painkillers) and drugs.
# أمم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Denominal verb of أُمَّة (ʔumma).

#### Verb

أَمَّمَ • (ʔammama) II (non-past يُؤَمِّمُ (yuʔammimu), verbal noun تَأْمِيم (taʔmīm))
* to nationalize
    أَمَّمَ الْبِتْرُول ― ʾammama l-bitrōl ― to nationalize the oil

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

أُمَم • (ʔumam) f pl
* plural of أُمَّة (ʔumma)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَمَّمَ (ʔammama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔam.mam/, [ˈʔam.mam]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

أمّم • (ʔammam) II (present بأمّم (biʔammem))
* to nationalize
# ماضي
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

مَاضِي • (māḍī)
* informal pronunciation of مَاضٍ (māḍin, “past”)
* (with definite article) nominative definite of مَاضٍ (māḍin, “past”)
* (with definite article) genitive definite of مَاضٍ (māḍin, “past”)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَاضٍ (māḍin).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maː.dˤi/

### Noun

ماضي • (māḍi) m
* (time) past
* (grammar) past tense
    Antonym: مُسْتَقْبَل (mustagbal)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَاضٍ (māḍin).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maː.dˤi/

### Noun

ماضي • (māḍi) m
* (time) past

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَاضٍ (māḍin).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maː.dˤi/, [ˈmɑː.dˤi], [ˈmɑː.ðˤi]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Adjective

ماضي • (māḍi) (feminine ماضية (māḍye))
* previous, past, last (most recent)
    Antonym: جاي (jāy)
    الأسبوع الماضي ― il-ʔusbūʕ il-māḍi ― last week

### Noun

ماضي • (māḍi) m
* (time) past
    Antonym: مستقبل (mustaqbal)
# فترة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

فَتْرَة • (fatra) f (plural فَتَرَات (fatarāt))
* interval, a while, a period of time
    بَعْد فَتْرَة ― baʕd fatra ― after a while
* interregnum
* weariness, relaxedness, languidness, weakness

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “فترة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “فترة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Inherited from Arabic فَتْرَة (fatra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fat.ra/, [ˈfat.rˤɑ]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Noun

فترة • (fatra) f (plural فترات (fatrāt))
* period of time, while
    Synonym: مدّة (mudde)

#### See also

* وقت (waʔt, “time”)
# نكبة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Instance noun of نَكَبَ (nakaba, “to afflict, distress”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nak.ba/

### Noun

نَكْبَة • (nakba) f (plural نَكَبَات (nakabāt))
* catastrophe, disaster
* (specifically) the expulsion of Palestinian Arabs from most of Mandatory Palestine and the destruction of their homes in 1948
    النَّكْبَة ― an-nakba ― the Nakba
* failure, fiasco
# ظلل
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *θ̣allil-. Compare Ge'ez ጸለለ (ṣallala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤal.la.la/

### Verb

ظَلَّلَ • (ẓallala) II (non-past يُظَلِّلُ (yuẓallilu), verbal noun تَظْلِيل (taẓlīl))
* to shade, to cast a shadow
* to overshadow
* to screen, shelter, protect
* to preserve, guard, maintain, keep up
    قَامَت تُظَلِّلْنِي مِن الشَّمْسِ * نَفْسٌ أَحَبُ إِلَىَّ مِنْ نَفْسِي -ابن العميدShe rose to shade me from the sun, a soul more beloved to me than my own (Ibn Al-Ameed)