# 汽

| 汽 | U+6C7D, &#27773; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C7D |
| ← 汼 [U+6C7C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 汾 → [U+6C7E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

汽 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水人一弓 (EOMN), four-corner 3811$_7$, composition ⿰氵气)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 609, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17177
* Dae Jaweon: page 1002, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1566, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6C7D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 汽
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 愾 | *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds |
| 忾 | *qʰrɯl |
| 刏 | *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls |
| 汽 | *kʰɯds |
| 氣 | *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds |
| 气 | *kʰɯds |
| 忥 | *qʰɯds |
| 餼 | *qʰɯds |
| 鎎 | *qʰɯds |
| 熂 | *qʰɯds |
| 霼 | *qʰɯds |
| 犔 | *qʰɯds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰɯds): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds).
Alternatively, an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 氵 (“water”) + 气 (“air”) - steam. Quite possibly both of these origins could be true, out of convenience.

### Etymology 1

From 氣／气 (qì).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qī
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): qī
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чи (či, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hei$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hei$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qi$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hi
    (Hailu, HRS): hi$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qi$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ki̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): ké
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ki$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ki$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ki$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$chi
** (Jinhua): $^5$chi
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): qi$^4$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): qi$^4$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): qi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: qī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: qī
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чи (či, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$
*** Yale: hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ki̿
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ké
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛi²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ki$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
*** Tâi-lô: khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ki$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khì
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi²¹³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: ki$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chi
*** MiniDict: chi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁵²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chi
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 汽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10139 |
| Phonetic component | 气 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯds/ |

#### Definitions

汽
* gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma)
* steam; water vapor

##### Synonyms

* (steam):
* 哈氣 / 哈气 (ha$^1$ qi$^3$) (Jin, Harbin Mandarin)
* 寡水子氣 / 寡水子气 (gua$^{2-1}$ sui$^2$ zeh qi$^3$) (Jin)
* 水氣 / 水气 (shuǐqì)
* 水汽 (shuǐqì)
* 水蒸氣 / 水蒸气 (shuǐzhēngqì)
* 蒸汽 (zhēngqì)

##### Compounds

* 公共汽車 / 公共汽车 (gōnggòng qìchē)
* 出租汽車 / 出租汽车 (chūzū qìchē)
* 水汽 (shuǐqì)
* 汽力 (qìlì)
* 汽化 (qìhuà)
* 汽化器 (qìhuàqì)
* 汽化熱 / 汽化热
* 汽壓 / 汽压
* 汽標 / 汽标 (Qìbiāo)
* 汽機 / 汽机 (qìjī)
* 汽水 (qìshuǐ)
* 汽油 (qìyóu)
* 汽油引擎
* 汽油燈 / 汽油灯
* 汽燈 / 汽灯 (qìdēng)
* 汽發 / 汽发 (Qìfā)
* 汽笛 (qìdí)
* 汽缸 (qìgāng)
* 汽船 (qìchuán)
* 汽艇 (qìtǐng)
* 汽表
* 汽車 / 汽车 (qìchē)
* 汽車保險 / 汽车保险
* 汽車旅館 / 汽车旅馆 (qìchē lǚguǎn)
* 汽車租賃 / 汽车租赁 (qìchē zūlìn)
* 汽車美容 / 汽车美容
* 汽輪機 / 汽轮机 (qìlúnjī)
* 汽輾 / 汽辗
* 汽酒 (qìjiǔ)
* 汽鍋 / 汽锅
* 汽電共生 / 汽电共生
* 無鉛汽油 / 无铅汽油
* 蒸汽 (zhēngqì)
* 蒸汽機 / 蒸汽机 (zhēngqìjī)
* 蒸汽船 (zhēngqìchuán)
* 蹼輪汽船 / 蹼轮汽船
* 開汽水 / 开汽水 (kāi qìshuǐ)
* 雙頭汽鍋 / 双头汽锅
* 飽和蒸汽 / 饱和蒸汽
* 高級汽油 / 高级汽油

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngat$^6$ / hat$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngat$^6$ / hat$^1$
*** Yale: ngaht / hāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngat$^9$ / hat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nged$^6$ / hed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐt̚²/, /hɐt̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ki̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kit̚⁴/

#### Definitions

汽
* Alternative form of 汔 (qì, “to dry; nearly”)
* (historical dictionaries only) to tear (to produce tears)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐ (yi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ
*** Wade–Giles: i$^3$
*** Yale: yǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

汽
* (historical dictionaries only) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 汽 – see 𧰙. (This character is a variant form of 𧰙).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* steam, vapour
* nearly

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: みずけ (mizuke, 汽)、ゆげ (yuge, 汽)
As variant kanji for 汔:
* Go-on: こち (kochi)
* Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
* Kun: ちかい (chikai, 汽い)、ほとんど (hotondo, 汽ど)

#### Compounds

* 汽(き)圧(あつ) (kiatsu)
* 汽缶(きかん) (kikan)
* 汽機(きき) (kiki)
* 汽車(きしゃ) (kisha)
* 汽章(きしょう) (Kishō)
* 汽(き)水(すい) (kisui)
* 汽船(きせん) (kisen)
* 汽走(きそう) (kisō)
* 汽(き)鎚(づち) (kizuchi)
* 汽艇(きてい) (kitei)
* 汽(き)笛(てき) (kiteki)
* 汽(き)力(りょく) (kiryoku)
* 蒸汽(じょうき) (jōki)
* 汽(チー)鍋(グオ) (chīguo)
* Kanji in this term
* 汽
* き Grade: 2
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲi]

### Affix

汽(き) • (ki)
* steam; vapor

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

汽 (eumhun 김 기 (gim gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“steam; vapour”)

#### Compounds

* 기차 (汽車, gicha, “train”)
* 기선 (汽船, giseon, “steamship; steamboat”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

汽 (eumhun 거의 흘 (geoui heul))
* Alternative form of 汔 (“hanja form of 흘 (“nearly”)”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

汽: Hán Nôm readings: khí
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.