OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# франц
## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠋ᠼᠢ (franci) | франц (franc) |

### Etymology

Decapitalised from Франц (Franc, “France”), from Russian Фра́нц- (Fránc-). Displaced Middle Mongol terms ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨᠺᠺᠤᠳ (barankkud, plural) and ᠸᠢᠷᠠᠨᠺᠺᠤᠳ (wirankkud, plural).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fräˑnt͜sʰ/

### Noun

франц • (franc)
* (⁓ хүн; ⁓ үндэстэн) French
    франц хэл ― franc xel ― the French language (literally, “the language of the French”)
# лийр
## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠯᠢᠷ (lir) | лийр (liir) |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Mandarin 梨兒 / 梨儿 (lír, diminutive). Compare also Buryat лиир (liir).

### Pronunciation

* (Khalkha) IPA: /ɮiːr/
* Hyphenation: лийр

### Noun

лийр • (liir)
* (Mongolia) a pear
    Synonym: (China) алим (alim)

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* лийрэрхүү (liirerxüü)
# сайд
## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ (sayid) | сайд (sajd) |

### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ sg (sayid, “minister”), from Middle Mongol ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ pl (sʾyyt /⁠sayid⁠/, “good”, attributive and substantive adjective). Compare Buryat һайд (hajd), Kalmyk сәәд (sääd), etc. Perhaps related to Arabic سَيِّدٌ m (sayyidun, “master; lord; sir”).

### Pronunciation

* (Khalkha) IPA: [sæːt]
* Hyphenation: сайд

### Noun

сайд • (sajd)
* minister, secretary
    ерөнхий сайд ― jörönxii sajd ― prime minister

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.
# अक्कल
## Gondi

| Telugu | అక్కల్ (akkal) |
| Devanagari | अक्कल |
| Odia | |
| Gunjala | |
| Masara | |

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *akka (“elder sister”).

#### Noun

अक्कल (akkal)
* elder sister

### Etymology 2

Derived from Urdu عَقْل ('aql).

#### Noun

अक्कल (akkal)
* wisdom

### References

* “अक्कल”, in Gondi Dictionary‎, (Can we date this quote?)

## Malvi
### Noun

अक्कल (akkal) f
* Alternative form of अकल (akal)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَقل ('aql), from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql). Compare Gujarati અક્કલ (akkal), Hindustani عَقْل ('aql) / अक़्ल (aql), Punjabi ਅਕ਼ਲ (aqal) / عَقل (ʻaql).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ək.kəl/
* Rhymes: -əl

### Noun

अक्कल • (akkal) f (plural अकला)
* intelligence
    Synonym: बुद्धी (buddhī)
* understanding, sense
    Synonym: समज (samaj)

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “अक्कल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 1
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “अक्कल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 3
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “अक्कल”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 6.
# Көпсү-Хөл
## Tuvan
### Etymology

Related with көп суг (köp sug, “a lot of water”) and хөл (xöl, “lake”). Compare Mongolian ᠬᠥ᠋ᠪᠰᠦᠭᠥᠯ (köbsügöl) / Хөвсгөл (Xövsgöl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /køpsy xøl/

### Proper noun

Көпсү-Хөл • (Köpsü-Xöl)
* Khövsgöl (lake in northwestern Mongolia)
# Һака
## Dolgan

| Dolgan | Һака |
| Sakha | ‍Саха |

### Etymology

See Yakut Саха (Saqa).

### Proper noun

Һака • (Haka)
* Dolgan (people and language)
* Taimyr (peninsula of Russia)
# tarkalepke
## Hungarian
### Etymology

tarka (“colorful”) +‎ lepke (“butterfly”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɒrkɒlɛpkɛ]
* Hyphenation: tar‧ka‧lep‧ke
* Rhymes: -kɛ

### Noun

tarkalepke (plural tarkalepkék)
* any member of the subfamily Nymphalinae
    Hypernym: (family) tarkalepkeféle

#### Derived terms

* tarkalepkeféle (“nymphalid, brush-footed butterfly, a member of the family Nymphalidae”)
* barnás tarkalepke
* díszes tarkalepke
* kis tarkalepke
* kockás tarkalepke
* közönséges tarkalepke
* mocsári tarkalepke
* nagy tarkalepke
* pannon tarkalepke
* recés tarkalepke
* réti tarkalepke
* tüzes tarkalepke
# қараған
## Kazakh
### Etymology

Compare Mongolian харгана (xargana), Southern Altai караган (karagan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qɑ.rɑ.ʁɑn/

### Noun

қараған • (qarağan)
* caragana, Caragana
# झगडणे
## Marathi
### Etymology

Related to झगडा (jhagḍā). Compare Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑀕𑀟𑀁𑀢 (jagaḍaṃta, present participle), Gujarati ઝઘડવું (jhaghaḍvũ), Hindustani جَھگَڑْنا (jhagaṛnā) / झगड़ना (jhagaṛnā), Sindhi جَهڳِڙَڻُ / Sindhi झॻिरणु, Punjabi ਝਗੜਨਾ (jhagṛanā) / جھگڑنا (jhgṛnā), Maithili झगड़ब (jhagᵊṛab) / 𑒗𑒑𑒛𑓃𑒥 (jhagaṛaba).

### Pronunciation

* (formal) IPA: /d͡zʱə.ɡəɖ.ɳe/
* (colloquial) IPA: /d͡zʱə.ɡəɖ.ɳə/

### Verb

झगडणे • (jhagaḍṇe) (intransitive)
* to fight, struggle

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “झगडणे”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “झगडणें”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “झगडणें”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*jhagaḍ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# اتھان
## Urdu
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उत्थान (utthāna). May also have been inherited through Prakrit [Term?] 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (utthāṇa).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʊt̪.t̪ʰɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

### Noun

اُتّھان • (utthān) m (Hindi spelling उत्थान) (rare)
* rise, surge, advance
* consciousness, awareness

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “اتھان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “اتهان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
# ਹੁਣਿ
## Old Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Paisaci Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀺 (ahuṇi) (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀥𑀼𑀡𑀸 (adhuṇā), Maharastri Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸 (ahuṇā)) from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀥𑀼𑀦𑀸 (adhunā), from Sanskrit अधुना (adhunā́).

### Adverb

ਹੁਣਿ (huṇi)
* now

#### Descendants

* Punjabi: huṇ
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਣ
    Shahmukhi script: ہُݨ

### Further reading

* Christopher Shackle (2011) “ਹੁਣਿ”, in A Gurū Nānak Glossary, 2nd edition, New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, →ISBN, page 65
* “ਹੁਣਿ”, in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Dictionary, SriGranth.org, 2025
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “adhunā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 13
# མོ་སི་ཁོ
## Tibetan
### Etymology

From Mandarin 莫斯科 (Mòsīkē), shortened form of 莫斯科窪／莫斯科洼 (Mòsīkēwā), from Manchu ᠮᠣᠰᠺᠣᠸᠠ (mosk'owa).

### Proper noun

མོ་སི་ཁོ • (mo si kho)
* Moscow (the capital city of Russia)
# наадам
## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ (naɣadum) | наадам (naadam) |

### Etymology

By surface analysis, наад- (naad-, “to play”) +‎ -м (-m). Compare also the Tuvan loan наадым (naadım).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [näː.tɜ̆m]
* Hyphenation: наа‧дам

### Noun

наадам • (naadam)
* Traditional Mongolian festival of Mongolian wrestling, archery, and horse racing
* game, celebration

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* галын наадам (galyn naadam)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 那達慕 / 那达慕 (nàdámù)
# кӱлер
## Southern Altai
### Etymology 1

Compare with Tuvan хүлер (xüler) and Tofa һүлер (hüler).

#### Noun

кӱлер • (küler)
* bronze

##### Declension
#### Adjective

кӱлер • (küler)
* bronze (nature or colour)

#### See also

* алтын (altïn, “gold; golden”); мӧҥӱн (möŋün, “silver”), кӱмӱш (kümüš, “silver”)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *kül-.

#### Verb

кӱлер • (küler)
* to smile, laugh

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “кӱлер”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
* “кӱлер”, in Grammatika Altajskovo Jazyka [Altaic language Grammar], Kazan: V universtiteskoj til, 1869, →ISBN
# қалмақ
## Kazakh
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Kumyk къалмакъ (qalmaq), Turkmen gālmak, Azerbaijani qalmaq, Turkish kalmak, etc.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qɑl.mɑq/, [qʰɑ̝ɫ.mɑ̝qʰ]
* Hyphenation: қал‧мақ

#### Verb

қалмақ • (qalmaq)
* volitional participle of қал- (qal-, “to stay”, affirmative stem)
    қалмақ кісілер ― qalmaq kısıler ― people who would like to stay
* third-person volitional of қал-
    Кісілер қалмақ. ― Kısıler qalmaq. ― People would like to stay.

##### Declension

This participle needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

Compare with Chagatai قالماق (qālmāq /⁠qalmaq⁠/, “Mongol”); Siberian Tatar ҡалмаҡ (qalmaq, a tribe name), Bashkir ҡалмаҡ (qalmaq, a tribe name), Khakas халмах (xalmax, a tribe name); Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠯᡅᡏᠠᡎ (xalimag), Kalmyk хальмг (xalʹmg); etc.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qɑl.mɑq/, [qʰɑ̝ɫ.mɑ̝qʰ]
* Hyphenation: қал‧мақ

#### Noun

қалмақ • (qalmaq)
* (singulatively) a Kalmyk, a Kalmuck (person)
* (attributively) Kalmyk, Kalmuck
    қалмақ тілі ― qalmaq tılı ― the Kalmyk language
# अल्लाहो अकबर
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* अल्लाहु अकबर (allāhu akbar), अल्लाहू अकबर (allāhū akbar)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian الله اکبر (allāh akbar), from Arabic اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر (allāhu ʔakbar). Compare Marathi अल्लाहो अकबर (allāho akbar), Bengali আল্লাহু আকবার (allahu akbar).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /əl.lɑː.ɦoː ək.bəɾ/, [ɐl.läː.ɦoː‿ɐk.bɐɾ], /əl.lɑː.ɦuː ək.bəɾ/, [ɐl.läː.ɦuː‿ɐk.bɐɾ]
* Hyphenation: अल्ला‧हो‧अक‧बर
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Phrase

अल्लाहो अकबर • (allāho akbar) (Urdu spelling اَللہُ اَکْبَر)
* (Islam) Allahu akbar

### Further reading

* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “अल्लाह”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “अल्लाह”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 335
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अल्लाह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 60
* Platts, John T. (1884) “الله”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 77
* “अल्लाहु-अकबर”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian الله اکبر (allāh akbar), from Arabic اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر (allāhu ʔakbar). Compare Hindustani اَللہُ اَکْبَر (allhu akbar) / अल्लाहो अकबर (allāho akbar), Bengali আল্লাহু আকবার (allahu akbar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əl.la.ɦo.ək.bəɾ/, [əl.lʱao.ək.bəɾ]
* Hyphenation: अल्ला‧हो‧अक‧बर
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Phrase

अल्लाहो अकबर • (allāho akbar)
* (Islam) Allahu akbar

### Further reading

* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “अल्ला, अल्लाह्”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 143.
# студеҥҥын
## Yakut
### Etymology

From студен- (studen-, stem) +‎ -гын (-gın, 2nd-person singular predicative suffix).
Compare also Tuvan студент сен (student sen), Kazakh студентсің (studentsıñ), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stu.di͜eŋ.ŋɨn/ (Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Hyphenation: сту‧деҥ‧ҥын

### Noun

студеҥҥын • (studeññın)
* second-person singular predicative of студент (student, “student [of a higher education institution], undergraduate”)

#### Alternative forms

* устудьуоҥҥун (ustujuoññun)
# бэе
## Buryat
### Etymology

From Classical Mongolian ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ (bey-e), from Middle Mongol [Term?], from Proto-Mongolic *beje. Cognate with Mongolian бие (bije), Kalmyk бий (biy), etc. Compare also Yakut бэйэ (beye, “body; self”), Manchu ᠪᡝᠶᡝ (beye, “body”), Evenki бэе (bəje, “body; person”), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəjə/
* Hyphenation: бэ‧е

### Noun

бэе • (beje) ($^{???}$ please provide spelling!)
* body, physique, stature, figure, torso

## Evenki
### Noun

бэе • (bəje)
* man

## Nanai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *beje, compare Manchu ᠪᡝᠶᡝ (beye).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəjə/
* Hyphenation: бэ‧е

### Noun

бэе (beje)
* body

### Adjective

бэе (beje)
* personal

### References

* S. N. Onenko (1980) “бэе”, in V. A. Avrorina, editor, Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian dictionary], Русский язык
# ರಾಣಿ
## Kannada
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Marathi 𑘨𑘰𑘜𑘲 (rāṇī) (compare Old Kannada ರಾಣಿಯ ವಾಸ (rāṇiya vāsa)), from Prakrit ರಾಣೀ (rāṇī), from Sanskrit ರಾಜ್ಞೀ (rā́jñī). Doublet of ರಾಜ್ಞಿ (rājñi).

### Noun

ರಾಣಿ • (rāṇi) f
* queen

#### Declension

| Case/Form | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | ರಾಣಿಯು (rāṇiyu) | ರಾಣಿಯರು (rāṇiyaru) |
| Accusative | ರಾಣಿಯನ್ನು (rāṇiyannu) | ರಾಣಿಯರನ್ನು (rāṇiyarannu) |
| Instrumental | ರಾಣಿಯಿಂದ (rāṇiyinda) | ರಾಣಿಯರಿಂದ (rāṇiyarinda) |
| Dative | ರಾಣಿಗೆ (rāṇige) | ರಾಣಿಯರಿಗೆ (rāṇiyarige) |
| Genitive | ರಾಣಿಯ (rāṇiya) | ರಾಣಿಯರ (rāṇiyara) |

#### Derived terms

* ರಾಣಿವಾಸ (rāṇivāsa) (< Old Marathi 𑘨𑘰𑘜𑘲𑘪𑘰𑘭 (rāṇīvāsa))

### See also

Chess pieces in Kannada · ಚದುರಂಗದ ತುಂಡುಗಳು (caduraṅgada tuṇḍugaḷu) (layout · text) :
| ರಾಜ (rāja) | ಮಂತ್ರಿ (mantri), ರಾಣಿ (rāṇi) | ರಥ (ratha) | ಆನೆ (āne) | ಕುದುರೆ (kudure) | ಪ್ಯಾದೆ (pyāde) |

### References

* V. Krishna (2019) “ರಾಣಿ”, in “Alar” V. Krishna's Kannada → English dictionary, Zerodha
* Kittel, Ferdinand (1894) “ರಾಣಿ”, in Kittel's Kannada-English dictionary, Madras: University of Madras, published 1968-1971, page 1417
* Učida, Norihiko, Rajapurohit, B. B. (2013) Kannada-English Etymological Dictionary, 3-11-1, Asahi-chō, Fuchū-shi, 183-8534, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, →ISBN, page 831, column 1.
# गोसावी
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘐𑘻𑘭𑘰𑘪𑘲 (gosāvī), 𑘐𑘻𑘭𑘰𑘽𑘪𑘲 (gosāṃvī) (compare Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀆 f (gosāviā, “courtesan”)), from Sanskrit गोस्वामी (gosvāmī). Doublet of गोस्वामी (gosvāmī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡo.sa.ʋi/, [ɡo.sa.ʋiː]
* Hyphenation: गो‧सा‧वी

### Noun

गोसावी • (gosāvī) m (feminine गोसावीण)
* gosain, holy man, ascetic

#### Derived terms

* गोसावडा (gosāvḍā) (derogatory)

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “गोसावी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 39
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गोसावी”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 249
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “गोसावी-मी-ई”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 1035.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gōsvāmin”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 233

## Old Marathi
### Noun

गोसावी (gosāvī) m
* Devanagari script form of 𑘐𑘻𑘭𑘰𑘪𑘲
# Звягель
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzvʲæɡʲɪlʲ]

### Proper noun

Звя́гель • (Zvjágelʹ) m inan (genitive Звя́геля, relational adjective звя́гельский)
* Zviahel (a city, the administrative center of Korosten Raion, Zviahel Oblast, Ukraine)

#### Derived terms

* звя́гелец (zvjágelec), звя́гелька (zvjágelʹka)
* звя́гелянин (zvjágeljanin), звя́гелянка (zvjágeljanka)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish Zwiahel m inan sg. Compare Old Ukrainian Звѧгол (Zvjahol).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzʲʋʲaɦelʲ]
* Hyphenation: Звя́‧гель

### Proper noun

Звя́гель • (Zvjáhelʹ) m inan (genitive Звя́геля, uncountable, relational adjective звя́гельський)
* Zviahel (a city in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine)
    Synonym: Новогра́д-Воли́нський (Novohrád-Volýnsʹkyj) (1795–2022)

#### Alternative forms

* Звягі́ль (Zvjahílʹ), Возвягль (Vozvjahlʹ)

#### Derived terms

* звя́гелець (zvjágelecʹ) (Russian), звя́гелька (zvjágelʹka) (Russian)
* звя́гелянин (zvjágeljanin) (Russian), звя́гелянка (zvjágeljanka) (Russian)

### References

* “Звягель”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# こがやっ
## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* こがやき (kogayaki)

### Etymology

The third syllable is certainly derived from 焼き (yaki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative”) form of 焼く (to grill, to cook)).
The first two syllables are seemingly connected to Proto-Ryukyuan *koga (“egg”). Alternatively, it could be derived from a stem related to 焦げる (kogeru, “to be scorched”) and 焦がす (kogasu, “to scorch”), but this is problematic, as any ingredient can be scorched while cooking. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Kagoshima) IPA: /kòɡàjáʔꜜ/ (tone class B)

### Noun

こがやっ • (kogaya')
* (dialect, Kagoshima) a 蒲鉾 (kamaboko, “boiled fish paste”) mixed with eggs, local sake, and caught meat of fish
    正月(しょうがつ)のごちそうはカマボコやこがやきがつきものでした。
       Shōgatsu no gochisō wa kamaboko ya kogayaki ga tsukimono deshita.
       Our essential treats on this New Year were foods like kamaboko and kogayaki.

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), page 1275
* Entry for こがやき（こがやっ） in 鹿児島弁ネット辞典 (Kagoshima Dialect Net Dictionary) (in Japanese)
# ǂhau
## Khoekhoe
### Verb

ǂhau
* to be flat, to be level

## Nǀuu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǂʱəu/

### Noun

ǂhau
* honey
* rain
    Synonym: ǂqau

### References

* Güldemann, Tom and Ernszt, Martina and Siegmund, Sven and Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena. 2010.0. A Text documentation of Nǀuu.
* Shah, Sheena, and Matthias Brenzinger. Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17432.
* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
# idanema
## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *itädäk +‎ -nema, stem from Proto-Uralic *itä- (“to appear”). Cognates in languages which have not extended the stem include Finnish itää, Votic iäte, Ingrian ittää, Livonian iddõ, Livvi idiä, Ludian id'ädä and Veps idäda; possibly also Northern Khanty єтты (êtty, “to grow”). Compare also Northern Yukaghir йэдэч (jedeț, “to appear”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. EES and EEW do not claim this to be a Uralic stem, but a Finnic one which was borrowed from PIE. Is the info outdated?

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈid̥ɑnemɑ/, [ˈid̥ɑnemɑ]
* Rhymes: -emɑ
* Hyphenation: ida‧ne‧ma

### Verb

idanema (da-infinitive idaneda) (intransitive)
* (botany) to sprout, to shoot, to germinate
    Synonym: tärkama
* (figuratively) to arise, to spring up, to emerge, to develop, to grow, to take shape
    Synonym: tärkama
    Minu peas hakkas üks mõte idanema. ― An idea began to emerge in my head.

#### Derived terms

* idand
* idandama
* idanemine
* idanevus

#### Related terms

* eos
* ida
* idu

### References

* idanema in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “idanema”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
# 𑂅𑂯𑂰𑂀
## Old Awadhi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀇𑀥 (idha), 𑀇𑀳 (iha), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀇𑀥 (idha) (compare Sanskrit 𑂅𑂯 (ihá)).
Compare Hindustani یَہاں / यहाँ (yahā̃), Middle Gujarati अहीअं whence Gujarati અહીં (ahī̃).

### Adverb

𑂅𑂯𑂰𑂀 (ihām̐ /ihā̃/) (Devanagari इहाँ)
* here
** c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Saṅkaṭmocan Hanumān Aṣṭak :𑂔𑂳 𑂥𑂱𑂢𑂰 𑂮𑂳𑂡𑂱 𑂪𑂰𑂉 𑂅𑂯𑂰𑂀 𑂣𑂏𑂳 𑂡𑂰𑂩𑂷ju binā sudhi lāe ihām̐ pagu dhāro/ju binā sudhi lāe ihā̃ pagu dhāro/

#### Descendants

* Awadhi: ihā̃
    Devanagari script: इहाँ
    Kaithi script: 𑂅𑂯𑂰𑂀
* Bagheli: इहाँ (ihā̃)
* Chhattisgarhi: इहाँ (ihā̃)

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ihá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 72
# ਕਿੱਥੋਂ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

From ਕਿੱਥੇ (kitthe, “where”) +‎ -ਓਂ (-õ, ablative suffix).
Compare Hindustani کَہاں سے / कहाँ से (kahā̃ se), Marathi कुठून (kuṭhūn), Gujarati ક્યાંથી (kyā̃thī)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɪ.t̪ʰːõː/
* Hyphenation: ਕਿੱ‧ਥੋਂ

### Adverb

ਕਿੱਥੋਂ • (kitthõ) (Shahmukhi spelling کِتّھوں)
* whence, from where
    ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿੱਥੋਂ ਆਏ ਹੋ?tusī̃ kitthõ āē ho?Where have you come from?

### References

* ↑ “ਕਿੱਥੋਂ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* ↑ Singh, Bhai Maya (1895) “ਕਿੱਥੋਂ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons, page 620.
# ᠴᡠᡥᡠᠴᡠ
## Manchu
### Etymology

Compare Kazakh شاۋەشەك (şäueşek), Uyghur چۆچەك (chöchek), and Russian Чугуча́к (Čugučák). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [t͡ʃʰu.χu.t͡ʃʰu]

### Proper noun

ᠴᡠᡥᡠᠴᡠ • (cuhucu)
* Place where Tacheng was founded

#### Declension

This proper noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 楚呼楚 (Chǔhūchǔ), 楚瑚楚 (Chǔhúchǔ) (Mandarin transcriptions)

#### See also

* ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡤᠠᡨᠠᡳ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (tarbagatai hoton), ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡥᠠᡨᠠᡳ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (tarbahatai hoton)
# болохо
## Buryat

Alternative scripts :
| Classical Mongolian | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ bolqu |
| Latin (1931–1936)$^a$ | bolko |
| Latin (1937–1939)$^b$ | bolxo |
| Cyrillic | болохо boloxo |
| $^a$ Based on the southern Tsongol–Sartul dialect. $^b$ Based on the eastern Khori dialect. ||

### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bōl-. Cognate with Kalmyk болх (bolx); Khamnigan Mongol болоху (boloxu), болху (bolxu), Mongolian болох (bolox).

### Pronunciation

* (standard Khori) IPA: /bɔ.lɔ.χɔ/, [bɔ.lɜ.χɜ]
* Hyphenation: бо‧ло‧хо

### Verb

болохо • (boloxo) ($^{???}$ please provide spelling!)
* to become

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.
# આંબાવાડી
## Gujarati

Picture dictionary :
આંબાવાડી
અમદાવાદ શહેર
કર્ણાવતી મહાનગર
ઇસનપુર
મણિનગર
અમરાઈવાડી
ઉસ્માનપુરા
નવરંગપુરા
આંબાવાડી
ખોડિયાર
બાપુનગર :

### Etymology

* નપુંસકલિંગ (napũsakliṅg): આંબાવાડિયું n (ā̃bāvāḍiyũ)
* સ્ત્રીલિંગ (strīliṅg): આંબાવાડી f (ā̃bāvāḍī)
From આંબો (āmbo, “mango”) +‎ -વાડી (-vāḍī, “orchard”).
Compare Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀩𑀸𑀯𑀟𑀺𑀓𑀸 (aṃbāvaḍikā) and the semantically and morphologically similar Ahmedabad neighbourhood અમરાઈવાડી (amrāīvāḍī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑm.bɑ.ʋɑ.ɖi/, [ˈɑm.bɑ.ʋɑ.ɽi]
* Hyphenation: આં‧બા‧વા‧ડી, આમ્‧બા‧વા‧ડી
* Rhymes: -i

### Proper noun

આંબાવાડી • (āmbāvāḍī) f
* Ambawadi (a neighbourhood of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India).
# scrimblo
## English
### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈskɹɪm.bloʊ/

### Noun

scrimblo (plural scrimblos)
* (fandom slang, humorous or derogatory) Ellipsis of Scrimblo Bimblo.
** 2023 August 28, Stichesfriendo, Reddit‎:My cat investigating the scrimblos in the basket.
** 2024 May 5, LimeDiamond, Reddit‎:They’re just a little critter, a creature, a scrimblo even if I’m still allowed to use that term
** 2024 February 14, LittyJ1tty, Reddit‎:I cannot wait to see these dumb little scrimblos outside of their flying hot dog and just do stuff together.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:scrimblo.
# bohemistyce
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔ.xɛ.misˈtɘ.t͡sɛ/
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡sɛ
* Syllabification: bo‧he‧mis‧ty‧ce

### Noun

bohemistyce
* dative/locative singular of bohemistyka
# maciejówką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.t͡ɕɛˈjuf.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ufkɔw̃
* Syllabification: ma‧cie‧jów‧ką

### Noun

maciejówką
* instrumental singular of maciejówka
# palmikoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

palmikko +‎ -oida

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑlmikoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈpɑ̝lmiˌko̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: pal‧mi‧koi‧da

### Verb

palmikoida
* (transitive) to braid, plait

#### Derived terms

* palmikoiminen
* palmikointi

### Further reading

* “palmikoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03