OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# lactic acid
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlæktɪk ˈæsɪd/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

lactic acid (countable and uncountable, plural lactic acids)
* (organic chemistry) 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (CH$_3$CHOHCO$_2$H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.
** 2012 June 29, Kevin Mitchell, “Roger Federer back from Wimbledon 2012 brink to beat Julien Benneteau”, in The Guardian‎, archived from the original on 15 November 2016:It was [Roger] Federer's ability to pull him around the court that put the lactic acid and debilitating weight in those legs and he should not have been allowed the luxury of his trainer's help.

#### Synonyms

* E270 when used as a preservative
* lactonic acid
* milk acid
* 2-hydroxypropanoic acid

#### Related terms

* lactate
# international waters
## English
### Noun

international waters pl (plural only)
* (international law) Those parts of the ocean that are not legally recognized as being under the jurisdiction of any national government.
** 2022 August 28, Brad Lendon, “US sends two warships through Taiwan Strait, in first transit since Pelosi trip”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 28 August 2022‎:Beijing claims sovereignty over Taiwan despite China's ruling Communist Party never having controlled the island -- and considers the strait part of its "internal waters." The US Navy, however, says most of the strait is in international waters.

#### Synonyms

* (international law): high seas

#### Coordinate terms

* (international law, maritime law): territorial waters, exclusive economic zone, international waterway

#### Translations
### See also

* flag state
* universal jurisdiction

### Further reading

* international waters on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# asukarira de mama
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔasukaˌɾiɾa de ˈmama/ [ʔɐ.sʊ.xɐˌɾiː.ɾɐ d̪ɛ ˈmaː.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: a‧su‧ka‧ri‧ra de ma‧ma

### Noun

asukarira de mama (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜓᜃᜇᜒᜇ ᜇᜒ ᜋᜋ)
* Alternative form of asukarera de mama
# asukarira de papa
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔasukaˌɾiɾa de ˈpapa/ [ʔɐ.sʊ.xɐˌɾiː.ɾɐ d̪ɛ ˈpaː.pɐ]
* Rhymes: -apa
* Syllabification: a‧su‧ka‧ri‧ra de pa‧pa

### Noun

asukarira de papa (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜓᜃᜇᜒᜇ ᜇᜒ ᜉᜉ)
* Alternative form of asukarera de papa
# 叩け
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 叩
* たた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

#### Verb

叩(たた)け • (tatake)
* hypothetical and imperative forms of 叩く (tataku) [godan]

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 叩
* はた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

#### Verb

叩(はた)け • (hatake)
* hypothetical and imperative forms of 叩く (hataku) [godan]
# ghemboles
## Yola
### Etymology

Cognate with English gambol.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɛmbəlz/

### Noun

ghemboles
* merry pranks

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 41
# şindi
## Gagauz

| Cyrillic | Cyrillic | шинди |

### Alternative forms

* șindi (pre-1950's spelling)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish شمدی (şimdi), itself from an earlier اوش امدی (uş imdi), from Proto-Common Turkic *oš emdi. Compare Turkish şimdi, Turkmen şindi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃin.di/
* Hyphenation: şin‧di

### Adverb

şi̇́ndi
* now

#### Derived terms

* şindän sora
* şindicik
* şindidän ötää
* şindiki
* şindilik
* şindiyä kadar
* şindiyädak
* şindiyädan

### Further reading

* Ciachir, Mihail (1938) “șindi”, in Dicționar gagauzo (tiurco)–român pentru gagauzii din Basarabia (in Romanian), Chișinău, page 90
* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “шинди”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 567
* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “şindi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 153
* Çebotar, Petri, Dron, Ion (2002) “şi̇́ndi”, in Gagauzça-Rusça-Romınca Sözlük [Gagauz-Russian-Romanian Dictionary]‎, Chișinău: Pontos Press, →ISBN, page 627

## Turkmen
### Alternative forms

* şindiz (literary)

### Etymology

From şu + indi. Cognate with Gagauz şindi, Turkish şimdi.

### Adverb

şindi
* Alternative form of indi (“now”)

#### Derived terms

* şindem
* şindiden
* şindiki

#### Further reading

* Ene dilim: şindi
# 会钞
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 会钞 – see 會鈔 (“to pay a bill; to foot a bill”). (This term is the simplified form of 會鈔).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# pổ
## Muong
### Etymology

From Late Proto-Vietic *poːʔ (“father”). Cognate with Vietnamese bố. Compare also 父 (MC pjuX|bjuX).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /po³/

### Noun

pổ
* (Mường Bi) father

#### References

* Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)‎, Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội.
# チャルフ
## Ainu
### Noun

チャルフ • (caruhu)
* (Sakhalin) mouth of

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
# 會錢
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box does not have a page created for it yet: "会钱".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huìqián
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huìqián
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèicián
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$-chʻien$^2$
*** Yale: hwèi-chyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueychyan
*** Palladius: хуэйцянь (xuejcjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

### Verb

會錢
* to pay a bill; to foot a bill

#### Synonyms

* 會賬／会账 (huìzhàng)
* 會鈔／会钞 (huìchāo)
* (Hokkien) 會數／会数

### Noun

會錢
* money paid in equal installments by members of an organization such as private credit cooperatives

#### Synonyms

* 會款／会款
# 會款
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box does not have a page created for it yet: "会款".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huìkuǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄎㄨㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huìkuǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄎㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèikuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$-kʻuan$^3$
*** Yale: hwèi-kwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueykoan
*** Palladius: хуэйкуань (xuejkuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kʰu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Noun

會款
* money paid in equal installments by members of an organization such as private credit cooperatives

#### Synonyms

* 會錢／会钱 (huìqián)
# hekal
## Amis
### Noun

hekal
* world

## Sakizaya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hə.ˈkal/, [h(ə).ˈkal]

### Noun

hekal
* outside
# sociedade
## Galician
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin societās, societātem (“society, community”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔθjɛˈdade/ [s̺ɔ.θjɛˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]
* IPA: (standard) /sɔθjɛˈdade/ [s̺ɔ.θjɛˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]
* IPA: (seseo) /sɔsjɛˈdade/ [sɔ.sjɛˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]
* Rhymes: -ade
* Hyphenation: so‧cie‧da‧de

### Noun

sociedade f (plural sociedades)
* society, civilization (as a whole)
* organization, group sharing a common goal or interest
    Synonym: organización

### Further reading

* “sociedade”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin societātem (“society, community”), from socius (“associated, allied; partner, companion, ally”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /so.si.eˈda.d͡ʒi/ [so.sɪ.eˈda.d͡ʒi], (faster pronunciation) /so.sjeˈda.d͡ʒi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /so.si.eˈda.d͡ʒi/ [so.sɪ.eˈda.d͡ʒi], (faster pronunciation) /so.sjeˈda.d͡ʒi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /so.si.eˈda.de/ [so.sɪ.eˈda.de], (faster pronunciation) /so.sjeˈda.de/
* (Portugal) IPA: /su.sjɛˈda.dɨ/ [su.sjɛˈða.ðɨ]
* Hyphenation: so‧ci‧e‧da‧de

### Noun

sociedade f (plural sociedades)
* society (group of people sharing culture)
    Synonym: comunidade
* society (group of persons who meet to engage in a common interest)
    Synonyms: associação, comunidade
* (uncountable) society (people of one’s country or community taken as a whole)
* (business) partnership (association of two or more people to conduct a business)

#### Derived terms

* alta sociedade
* sociedade anônima
* sociedade civil
* sociedade por cotas

#### Related terms

* social
* socialismo
* societariado
* societário
* sócio
* sociologia
# ciniza
## Sakizaya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡si.ni.ˈza/, [t͡ɕi.ni.ˈza]

### Pronoun

ciniza
* he; she
# ill will
## English
### Alternative forms

* ill-will

### Etymology

From Middle English ill will, il wille, ill wille, equivalent to ill +‎ will.

### Noun

ill will (uncountable)
* A spiteful or vengeful attitude; a grudge; dislike.
    The losing side bore no ill will toward the winners.

#### Synonyms

* bad blood

#### Derived terms

* ill-willer
* ill-willed
* ill-willing

#### Translations
### See also

* goodwill
# チュㇷチェㇸ
## Ainu
### Noun

チュㇷチェㇸ • (cuhceh)
* (Sakhalin) salmon

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
# saciwali
## Sakizaya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.t͡si.wa.ˈli/, [sa.t͡ɕi.wa.ˈli]

### Noun

saciwali
* (highway) interchange
# ליבן
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /libˈbin/
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /libˈbeːn/ [libˈbeːn]
* (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA: /libˈben/ [libˈbeːn]
* (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA: /liˈben/ (West), /libˈben/ (East)
* (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA: /liˈbeːn/, /liˈbejn/
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /liˈben/

### Verb

ליבן / לִבֵּן • (libén) (pi'el construction, passive counterpart לובן / לֻבַּן)
* to bleach, whiten
* to clarify, explain
* to temper, anneal

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Middle High German lieben (compare German lieben), from Old High German liubōn, from Proto-Germanic [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʎibn̩/

### Verb

ליבן • (libn) (past participle געליבט (gelibt))
* (uncommon) to love
** אַלע ברידער
    און מיר ליבן זיך דאָך אַלעun mir libn zikh dokh aleAnd we all, of course, love one another

#### Conjugation

infinitive
ליבן libn
present participle
ליבנדיק libndik
past participle
געליבט gelibt
auxiliary
האָבן hobn
present
איך ליב ikh lib
מיר ליבן mir libn
דו ליבסט du libst
איר ליבט ir libt
ער ליבט er libt
זיי ליבן zey libn
imperative
ליב (דו) lib (du)
ליבט (איר) libt (ir)
Composed forms
past
איך האָב געליבט ikh hob gelibt
מיר האָבן געליבט mir hobn gelibt
דו האָסט געליבט du host gelibt
איר האָט געליבט ir hot gelibt
ער האָט געליבט er hot gelibt
זיי האָבן געליבט zey hobn gelibt
pluperfect
איך האָב געהאַט געליבט ikh hob gehat gelibt
מיר האָבן געהאַט געליבט mir hobn gehat gelibt
דו האָסט געהאַט געליבט du host gehat gelibt
איר האָט געהאַט געליבט ir hot gehat gelibt
ער האָט געהאַט געליבט er hot gehat gelibt
זיי האָבן געהאַט געליבט zey hobn gehat gelibt
future
איך וועל ליבן ikh vel libn
מיר וועלן ליבן mir veln libn
דו וועסט ליבן du vest libn
איר וועט ליבן ir vet libn
ער וועט ליבן er vet libn
זיי וועלן ליבן zey veln libn
future perfect
איך וועל האָבן געליבט ikh vel hobn gelibt
מיר וועלן האָבן געליבט mir veln hobn gelibt
דו וועסט האָבן געליבט du vest hobn gelibt
איר וועט האָבן געליבט ir vet hobn gelibt
ער וועט האָבן געליבט er vet hobn gelibt
זיי וועלן האָבן געליבט zey veln hobn gelibt :

#### Synonyms

* ליב האָבן (lib hobn)

#### Related terms

* ליבע (libe)
* ליבשאַפֿט (libshaft)
* געליבטע (gelibte)
* געליבטער (gelibter)

### Adjective

ליבן • (libn)
* inflected form of ליב (lib)

### See also

* איך האָב דיך ליב (ikh hob dikh lib)
# bizcochuelo
## Spanish
### Etymology

From bizcocho +‎ -uelo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /biθkoˈt͡ʃwelo/ [biθ.koˈt͡ʃwe.lo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /biskoˈt͡ʃwelo/ [bis.koˈt͡ʃwe.lo]
* Rhymes: -elo
* Syllabification: biz‧co‧chue‧lo

### Noun

bizcochuelo m (plural bizcochuelos)
* Pejorative of bizcocho
** 2015 November 6, “Opinión”, in El País‎:Ni siquiera nos fue bien con las mantecadas; eran simples bizcochuelos, y no esa sustancia fría, que se desmorona en la boca con un estallido suave y perfumado, como la que habíamos comido en Madrid.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Rioplatense) sponge cake

### Further reading

* “bizcochuelo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# noids
## English
### Noun

noids
* plural of noid
# עניין
## Hebrew
### Noun

עניין / עִנְיָן • ('inyán) m (plural indefinite עניינים / עִנְיָנִים, singular construct עניין / עִנְיַן־, plural construct ענייני / עִנְיְנֵי־)
* interest, something one finds interesting
* matter, issue
    זה רק עניין של זמן. ― ze rak 'inyán shel zman. ― It's only a matter of time.
    מה העניין? ― ma ha 'inyán? ― What's the matter?
* business
    עניין לא גמור ― 'inyán lo gamúr ― unfinished business
    זה לא עניינך. ― ze lo 'inyanchá. ― It's none of your business.

#### Derived terms

* מה העניינים / מָה הָעִנְיָנִים? (ma ha'inyaním?)
* עניין של זמן / עִנְיָן שֶׁל זְמַן (inyán shel z'mán)
# 逆旅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nìlǚ
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ ㄌㄩˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nìlǚ
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ ㄌㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nìlyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^4$-lü$^3$
*** Yale: nì-lyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihleu
*** Palladius: нилюй (niljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵¹ ly²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Middle Chinese: ngjaek ljoX
Rime :
| Character | 逆 | 旅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (115) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 宜戟切 | 力舉切 |
| Baxter | ngjaek | ljoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiæk̚/ | /lɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚiak̚/ | /liɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiak̚/ | /liɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋiajk̚/ | /lɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɐk̚/ | /liɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɐk̚/ | /lĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋiɐk̚/ | /li̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì | lǚ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^6$ | leoi$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋrak [r]aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraɡ ɡ·raʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 逆 | 旅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nì | lǚ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjæk › | ‹ ljo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋrak/ | /*[r]aʔ/ |
| English | go against | military unit of 500 men; to go |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 逆 | 旅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9474 | 8600 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 | 旅 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 逆 | 吕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋraɡ/ | /*ɡ·raʔ/ |

### Noun

逆旅
* (literary) guesthouse; inn
    From: c. 733, Li Bai,《春夜宴桃李園序》(Entertainment Given In the Peach and Plum Garden On a Spring Evening), translated by Lin Yutang
    Fú tiāndì zhě, wànwù zhī nìlǚ; guāngyīn zhě, bǎidài zhī guòkè. [Pinyin]
    The universe is a lodging house for the myriad things, and time itself is a traveling guest of the centuries.
* (literary) journey; voyage
    From: 1091, Su Shi,《臨江仙·送錢穆父》(To the Tune: Riverside Daffodils)
    Rénshēng rú nìlǚ, wǒ yì shì xíngrén. [Pinyin]
    Life is like a journey; I too am on my way.

#### Synonyms

* ho͘-té-luh (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 公館 / 公馆 (gōngguǎn)
* 客店 (kèdiàn) (literary)
* 客棧 / 客栈 (kèzhàn)
* 客舍 (kèshè) (literary)
* 店 (diàn)
* 招待所 (zhāodàisuǒ)
* 施舍 (shīshè) (literary)
* 旅店 (lǚdiàn)
* 旅社 (lǚshè)
* 旅館 / 旅馆 (lǚguǎn)
* 棧房 / 栈房 (zhànfáng) (dialectal)
* 販仔間 / 贩仔间 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 賓館 / 宾馆 (bīnguǎn)
* 酒店 (jiǔdiàn)
* 酒樓 / 酒楼 (jiǔlóu)
* 飯店 / 饭店 (fàndiàn)
# 여닫이
## Korean
### Etymology

From 여 (yeo-, “to open”) +‎ 닫 (dat-, “to close”) +‎ 이 (-i, nominalisation suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈjɘ(ː)da̠d͡ʑi]
* Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)다지]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

여닫이 • (yeodaji)
* swing door
    Synonym: 여닫이문 (yeodajimun)
# honorific
## English
### Alternative forms

* honorifick (obsolete, rare)
* honourific (non‐standard)

### Etymology

From honor +‎ -ific.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɒnəˈɹɪfɪk/
* (US) IPA: /ˌɑːnəˈɹɪfɪk/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: hon‧or‧if‧ic
* Rhymes: -ɪfɪk

### Noun

honorific (plural honorifics)
* A person's title, such as "Mrs" or "Doctor".
* A term of respect; respectful language.
* (linguistics) A word or word form expressing the speaker's respect for the hearer or the referent.
    Coordinate term: humilific

#### Translations
### Adjective

honorific (comparative more honorific, superlative most honorific)
* Showing or conferring honour and respect.
** 1996, T. P. Wiseman, “The Minucii and Their Monument”, in Jerzy Linderski, editor, Imperium Sine Fine: T. Robert S. Broughton and the Roman Republic, Franz Steiner Verlag, →ISBN, page 59:According to Pliny, the custom of setting up honorific statues on columns was a comparably ancient one.
* Based on or valuing honor
** 2010, Orlando Patterson, “The mechanisms of cultural reproduction: explaining the puzzle of persistence”, in John R. Hall et al., editors, Handbook of Cultural Sociology, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 143:In the honorific cultural process, individuals (especially men) are extremely sensitive to real or perceived insults, and […]

#### Antonyms

* derogatory

#### Derived terms

* honorifically
* honorific transposition
# テㇸコトロホ
## Ainu
### Noun

テㇸコトロホ • (tehkotoroho)
* (Sakhalin) palm

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
# سنبوسه
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* سمبوسه (sambuse)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian *sambōsag (see there for more).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [san.boː.sa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säm.boː.sä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säm.boː.sä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säm.boː.sä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säm.bʊː.sä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæm.buː.se]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säm.bɵ.sä]

### Noun

سنبوسه • (sanbuse) (plural سنبوسه‌ها (sanbuse-hâ))
* sambuseh (Iranian pastry with a triangular shape, similar to the South Asian samosa)
* headscarf (a square mantle which women wear doubled into a triangular form)
* (archaic) pyramid
    Synonym: هرم (heram)
* (by extension) anything triangular

#### Descendants

* Tajik: самбӯса (sambüsa)
* → Arabic: سَنْبُوسَة (sanbūsa)
* → Gujarati: સમોસું (samosũ)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: समोसा (samosā)
*   * → English: samosa
*   ** → Japanese: サモサ (samosa)
*   ** → Korean: 사모사 (samosa)
*   * → Malayalam: സമോസ (samōsa)
*   * → Mauritian Creole: samousa
*   * → Réunion Creole French: samousa
*   ** → French: samoussa
*   * → Tamil: சமோசா (camōcā)
*   * → Telugu: సమోస (samōsa)
    Urdu: سموسہ (samosā)
* → Kazakh: самса (samsa)
* → Ngazidja Comorian: samɓusa
* → Russian: самса́ (samsá) (via Central Asian Turkic)
* → Somali: sambuus
* → Swahili: sambusa
** → Malagasy: sambosa
* → Uyghur: سامسا (samsa)
* → Uzbek: somsa

### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سنبوسه”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# near-antonym
## English
### Alternative forms

* near antonym

### Etymology

From near +‎ antonym.

### Noun

near-antonym (plural near-antonyms)
* (linguistics, semantics) A word that is nearly an antonym, when an antonym is defined strictly by complete negation or polar oppositeness. (Many reference works use a looser definition of antonym that lumps these words into the single category of antonyms; some make the more rigorous distinction.)
    Hypernyms: word < term
    Coordinate terms: antonym (often not differentiated); coordinate term, cohyponym; near-synonym, parasynonym; synonym; cognitive synonym
** 1972, Frederick Wilfrid Lancaster, Vocabulary Control for Information Retrieval‎, Information Resources Press, →ISBN, page 80:[…] Near-antonyms may be treated in a similar fashion.
** 1978, Jim Wayne Corder, Handbook of Current English‎, Scott, Foresman, →ISBN, page 308:Among the most common antonyms or near antonyms are the following. Make sure that you know their meanings.
** 1983, Bette Lynn London, Forms of Evasion: The Modern Novel as Retreat [dissertation abstract]‎, University of California, page 101:[…] near antonyms (sinking/swelling; vast/faint) gives way to a set of near synonyms (weird/appealing; suggestive/wild); what starts out as opposition proves complementary instead. And all of the adjectives that testify […]
** 1989, Book Review Digest‎, volume 85:This is a revised edition of a thesaurus first published in 1980 (BRD 1981). The work uses a dictionary format, with words and numbered definitions on the left column of a page, and corresponding numbered synonyms, near-synonyms, antonyms, and near-antonyms on the right column.
** 1990, InfoWorld‎, volume 12, page 111:As a basic editing tool, Legacy has most of the usual features characteristic of Windows products. It will do columnar cut and paste, perform search and replace effectively, and maintain capitalization […] complete thesaurus with synonyms, near-synonyms, antonyms, near-antonyms, definitions, parts of speech, and references to alternative words. The speller catches double words, capitalization errors, and simple punctuation errors, such as double periods. The program does not have user dictionaries. However, it will support small exception lists — NBI suggests the lists be 50 words or fewer — for proper names and other special terms.
** 2019, Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus, 2nd edition, Merriam-Webster, →ISBN, page 8a:An antonym is a word whose meaning is directly opposite to another word's meaning. […] Words that are only opposite in some aspect of their meaning cannot be said to be true antonyms. For example, sad […] funny […] Near antonyms are words that do not qualify as antonyms under the strict definition used for this thesaurus but which are clearly in marked contrast with the members of a synonym group.

#### See also

* Wiktionary:Semantic relations
# vlieger
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch vlieger. Equivalent to vliegen +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: vlie‧ger
* Rhymes: -iɣər

### Noun

vlieger m (plural vliegers, diminutive vliegertje n)
* kite
* aviator

#### Synonyms

(aviator):
* (archaic) aviateur
* piloot
* vliegenier

#### Descendants

* → Caribbean Hindustani: frigi
* → Saramaccan: fiígi
* → Manado Malay: falinggir, palinggir
* → North Moluccan Malay: falinggir

## West Flemish
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch vlieger.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Presumably some verb + -er, as in Dutch, but what's the verb?

### Noun

vlieger m (plural vliegers, diminutive vliegertje)
* airplane, aeroplane