# 輻

| 輻 | U+8F3B, &#36667; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F3B |
| ← 輺 [U+8F3A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 輼 → [U+8F3C] |
| 輻 | U+FA07, &#64007; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA07 |
| ← 暴 [U+FA06] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 行 → [U+FA08] |

## Translingual
### Han character

輻 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十十一口田 (JJMRW), four-corner 5106$_6$, composition ⿰車畐)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1246, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38442
* Dae Jaweon: page 1724, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3543, character 11
* Unihan data for U+8F3B
* Unihan data for U+FA07

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 輻 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 富 | *pɯɡs |
| 輻 | *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ |
| 副 | *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ |
| 褔 | *pʰɯɡs |
| 蔔 | *bɯːɡ |
| 匐 | *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 逼 | *prɯɡ |
| 偪 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 幅 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 楅 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 湢 | *prɯɡ |
| 堛 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 愊 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 踾 | *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 揊 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 稫 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 畐 | *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 疈 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 腷 | *brɯɡ |
| 鶝 | *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 福 | *pɯɡ |
| 蝠 | *pɯɡ |
| 葍 | *pɯɡ |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Tocharian *pəw.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fú (fu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bag$^4$ / hog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fú
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fú
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^1$
*** Yale: fūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
*** Tâi-lô: hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bag$^4$ / hog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak / hok
*** Sinological IPA : /pak̚²/, /hok̚²/
* bag4 - vernacular;
* hog4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: pjuwH, pjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 輻 | 輻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 方副切 | 方六切 |
| Baxter | pjuwH | pjuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨu$^H$/ | /pɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piu$^H$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piəu$^H$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puw$^H$/ | /puwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piu$^H$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭəu$^H$/ | /pĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯ə̯u$^H$/ | /pi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fòu | fu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^3$ | fuk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯɡs/, /*pɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 輻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*pək/ |
| English | spokes of a wheel |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輻 | 輻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3373 | 3397 |
| Phonetic component | 畐 | 畐 |
| Rime group | 代 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 富 | 福 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯɡs/ | /*pɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

輻
* spoke (of a wheel)
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    Sānshí fú, gòng yī gǔ, dāng qí wú, yǒu chē zhī yòng. [Pinyin]
    The thirty spokes unite in the one nave; but it is on the empty space (for the axle), that the use of the wheel depends.
* Alternative form of 輹 / 𰺓

### Compounds

* 人煙輻輳 / 人烟辐辏 (rényānfúcòu)
* 光輻射 / 光辐射
* 天緣輻輳 / 天缘辐辏
* 太陽輻射 / 太阳辐射
* 游離輻射 / 游离辐射
* 熱輻射 / 热辐射 (rèfúshè)
* 背景輻射 / 背景辐射 (bèijǐng fúshè)
* 脫輻 / 脱辐
* 衣冠輻湊 / 衣冠辐凑
* 詭麗輻輳 / 诡丽辐辏
* 車輻 / 车辐
* 車馬輻輳 / 车马辐辏
* 輪輻 / 轮辐 (lúnfú)
* 輻射 / 辐射 (fúshè)
* 輻射塵 / 辐射尘
* 輻射治療 / 辐射治疗 (fúshè zhìliáo)
* 輻射滅菌 / 辐射灭菌
* 輻射熱 / 辐射热
* 輻射病 / 辐射病
* 輻射線 / 辐射线
* 輻射能 / 辐射能
* 輻射落塵 / 辐射落尘
* 輻射計 / 辐射计
* 輻條 / 辐条 (fútiáo)
* 輻湊 / 辐凑 (fúcòu)
* 輻照 / 辐照 (fúzhào)
* 輻狀花冠 / 辐状花冠
* 輻衡 / 辐衡
* 輻輳 / 辐辏 (fúcòu)

### References

* ↑ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふ (fu)、ふく (fuku)
* Kan-on: ふう (fū)、ふく (fuku)
* Kun: や (ya, 輻)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 輻
* や Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 輻 – see the following entry. :
| 【や】 | [noun] spoke (of a wheel) |
(This term, 輻, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

輻 (eum 복 (bok)) 輻 (eum 폭 (pok))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

輻: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, bức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.