# رفع
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.fa.ʕa/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

رَفَعَ • (rafaʕa) I (non-past يَرْفَعُ (yarfaʕu), verbal noun رَفْع (rafʕ))
* to lift, to raise aloft, to hoist up, to heave up
    رَفَعَتْ يَدَيْهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِrafaʕat yadayhā ʔilā s-samāʔiShe lifted her hands toward the sky.
* to elevate, to heighten, to exalt, to enhance
* to promote in rank
* to fly (a kite), to run up (a flag)
* to take off, to doff, to tip (one’s hat)
* to erect, to set up
* to remove, to take away, to end, to lift
* to abolish, to eliminate

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.fu.ʕa/

#### Verb

رَفُعَ • (rafuʕa) I (non-past يَرْفُعُ (yarfuʕu), verbal noun رِفْعَة (rifʕa))
* to become high, to become elevated, to become exalted (of a person; especially in value, position, esteem, etc.)
* to become thin, to become fine (of a garment or piece of cloth)

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

رَفُعَ • (rafuʕa) I (non-past يَرْفُعُ (yarfuʕu), verbal noun تَفَاعَة (tafāʕa))
* to become loud in voice (of a person)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

رَفَّعَ • (raffaʕa) II (non-past يُرَفِّعُ (yuraffiʕu), verbal noun تَرْفِيع (tarfīʕ))
* to lift, to raise, to elevate
* to celebrate

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Noun

رَفْع • (rafʕ) m
* verbal noun of رَفَعَ (rafaʕa) (form I)
* lifting, hoisting
* elevation
* raising, increasing
* erection
* abolition, elimination, removal
* remedy, remission, lifting
* submission, filing
* (grammar) pronouncing a final consonant with u as a mark of the nominative case (see desinential inflection) or indicative mood

##### Coordinate terms

* (grammar): نَصْب (naṣb), جَرّ (jarr)/خَفْض (ḵafḍ), جَزْم (jazm)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَفْع (rafʕ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾafʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räfʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räfʔ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [räf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [räf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹæfʔ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾäfʔ]

### Noun

رفع • (raf')
* raising up, lifting, elevating
* taking off, setting aside
    رفع حجاب ― raf'-e hejâb ― taking off the hijab
* removal, abolition, elimination
    رفع بو ― raf'-e bu ― removing a stench
    رفع اشتباه ― raf'-e eštebâh ― amending errors
* resolution, remedying, curing
    رفع اختلاف ― raf'-e extelâf ― resolution of differences
    رفع گرسنگی ― raf'-e gorosnegi ― sating one's hunger
** c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 164”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]‎:خدمت او نعمت و دفع بلاست طاعت او راحت و رفع محنxidmat-i ō ni'mat u daf'-i balā-st tā'at-i ō rāhat u raf'-i mihanHis service is grace, and the driving away of affliction; His righteousness is calm, and the remedy to calamities.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “رفع”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “رفع”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic رَفَعَ (rafaʕa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.faʕ/, [ˈrˤɑ.fɑʕ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

رفع • (rafaʕ) I (present برفع (birfaʕ))
* to lift, to raise

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

From Arabic رَفَعَ (rafaʕa).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾəf(ʔ)/

### Noun

رَفْع • (raf') m (Hindi spelling रफ़)
* elevation, ascending, exaltation

### Adjective

رَفْع • (raf') (Hindi spelling रफ़)
* disposition, removal

### References

* “رفع”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “رفع”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.