# pera
## Asturian
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

### Noun

pera f (plural peres)
* pear

### Further reading

* “pera” in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana. Xosé Lluis García Arias. →ISBN.

## Basque
### Noun

pera
* allative singular of pe

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈpɛ.ɾə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈpə.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈpe.ɾa]
* Audio (Valencia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɾa
* Rhymes: -eɾa

### Noun

pera f (plural peres)
* pear (fruit)
* goatee
    Synonym: masclet

#### Derived terms

* partir peres
* perer
* perera
* tocar la pera

### Further reading

* “pera” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “pera”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “pera” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “pera” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Inherited from Spanish pera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpeɾa/, [ˈpe.ɾa]
* Hyphenation: pe‧ra

### Noun

pera
* pear (fruit)

## Corsican
### Noun

pera f (plural pere)
* pear

#### Related terms

* peru (“pear tree”)

### References

* “pera” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛra]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

pera
* inflection of pero:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

pera
* masculine singular present transgressive of prát

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse pera, probably from Old English pere, peru, from Latin pirum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʰeːɹa/
* Rhymes: -eːɹa

### Noun

pera f (genitive singular peru, plural perur)
* pear (fruit)
* light bulb

#### Declension
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera (13th century, Alfonso X), from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpeɾɐ]

### Noun

pera f (plural peras)
* pear (fruit)
* (slang) masturbation

#### Derived terms

* pereira (“pear tree”)
* leite de pera (“semen”)

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “pera”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pera”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pera”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “pera”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Further reading

* “pera”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse pera, probably from Old English pere, peru, from Latin pirum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʰɛːra/
* Rhymes: -ɛːra

### Noun

pera f (genitive singular peru, nominative plural perur)
* pear (fruit)
* light bulb

#### Declension
## Istriot
### Etymology

From Latin petra, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

### Noun

pera f
* stone

## Italian
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpe.ra/
* Rhymes: -era
* Hyphenation: pé‧ra
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pera f (plural pere)
* pear (the fruit)
* (slang) fix (dose of drug)
    farsi una perato shoot up

#### Related terms

* peretta
* pero

### Anagrams

* apre, arpe, pare, rape

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πήρα (pḗra).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpeː.ra/, [ˈpeːrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpe.ra/, [ˈpɛːrä]

### Noun

pēra f (genitive pērae); first declension
* bag, satchel (slung over one shoulder)
* wallet
* scrip

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* pērula

#### Related terms

* hippopēra

### References

* “pera”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pera”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "pera", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “pera”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “pera”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* “pera”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

### Anagrams

* aper, prae

## Leonese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

pera f (plural peras)
* pear

### References

* AEDLL
* Pallabreiru Llïonés

## Lindu
### Noun

pera
* silver

## Makasar
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəʀəq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpera]

### Verb

pera (Lontara spelling ᨄᨙᨑ, semi-transitive ammera)
* (transitive) to wring out

## Maori
### Noun

pera
* pillow

#### See also

* urunga

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpeɾo]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pera f (plural peras)
* pear

#### Related terms

* perer / perièr

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpe.ɾa/

### Etymology 1

From Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

#### Preposition

pera
* for, towards
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 100 (facsimile):
    Santa maria / ſtrela do dia / moſtra nos uia / pera deus ⁊ nos guia.
       Holy Mary, / star of the daytime; / show us the way / towards God, and guide us.

##### Descendants

* Galician: para, pra
* Portuguese: para, pra, pa (syncopic forms)

### Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

#### Noun

pera f (plural peras)
* pear
    maçãas e peras ― apples and pears

##### Descendants

* Galician: pera
* Portuguese: pera

## Polish
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛ.ra/
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Syllabification: pe‧ra

### Noun

pera f (diminutive perka)
* (Poznań) Alternative form of pyra

#### Declension
### References

* “Pyra”, in Słownik gwary miejskiej Poznania, (Can we date this quote?)

### Further reading

* pera in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

#### Alternative forms

* pêra (pre-1990 spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpe.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -eɾɐ
* Hyphenation: pe‧ra

#### Noun

pera f (plural peras)
* pear
* (colloquial) a knuckle sandwich

##### Derived terms

* pereira
* pera doce

### Etymology 2

Clipping of espera, imperative of esperar (“to wait”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛ.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɛɾɐ
* Hyphenation: pe‧ra

#### Interjection

pera
* (colloquial) just a minute
    Synonyms: pera aí, peraí
* (colloquial) wait (asking for stop to make an observation)

### Etymology 3
#### Preposition

pera
* Archaic form of para.

### Further reading

* “pera”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

pera
* inflection of pero:
** genitive singular
** nominative/genitive/accusative/vocative plural

## Slovak
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpera]

### Noun

pera
* genitive singular of pero

### Noun

pera f
* lip

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pera”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpeɾa/ [ˈpe.ɾa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: pe‧ra

### Noun

pera f (plural peras)
* pear
* (boxing) speed bag
* (Rioplatense, Chile) chin
    Synonyms: barbilla, mentón

#### Derived terms

* del año de la pera
* más sano que una pera
* partir peras
* pedir peras al olmo
* pera de agua
* pera en dulce
* peras y manzanas
* perilla
* sumar peras con manzanas

#### Descendants

* → Jicarilla: béela

### Further reading

* “pera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* rape, rapé, pare, paré

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese pera (“pear”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

pera class V (plural mapera class VI)
* guava

#### Derived terms

* mpera

### References

* ↑ Brook, Zev (2022) “Which Arabic Dialect Are Swahili Words From?”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica‎, volume 10, number 1, page 2 of 1-10: “Swahili, however, uses the Portuguese borrowing pera for ‘guava’”

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish perra (“cash; 5 and 10 centimo peseta coins”, literally “bitch / female dog”), feminine of perro (“dog”), due to the circulation of perra gorda (“ten centimo peseta coin”), perra chica (“five centimo peseta coin”). Such coins depicted a poorly drawn Spanish heraldic lion rampant regardant and people called the lion humorously a perra.
Potet (2016) also remarked that the word seems to be a cross between Malay perak and Spanish perra, wherein an interference could've occurred between the colloquial senses of Spanish perra (“cash; dough (money)”, literally “bitch (dog)”) and Malay perak (“coin”, literally “silver”). See also pilak.
Alternatively, possibly from Spanish pela (“one peseta coin”, literally “a hit or beating”), also with a similar lion design.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈpeɾa/ [ˈpɛː.ɾɐ]
** Rhymes: -eɾa
* (Bataan) IPA: /ˈpiɾa/ [ˈpiː.ɾɐ]
** Rhymes: -iɾa
* Syllabification: pe‧ra

### Noun

pera (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ)
* money; cash
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:salapi

#### Derived terms

* mamera
* mapera
* mukhang pera
* pera-pera
* perahan
* perahin
* perang-hapon
* sampera

### References

* ↑ Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 456
* ↑ Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 136

### Further reading

* “pera”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024

### Anagrams

* pare

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *perä, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *perä. Cognates include Finnish perä.

### Noun

pera
* stern (rear end of a ship)

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “корма”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika