# 吁

| 吁 | U+5401, &#21505; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5401 |
| ← 吀 [U+5400] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 吂 → [U+5402] |

## Translingual
### Han character

吁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口一木 (RMD), four-corner 6104$_0$, composition ⿰口于)

#### Derived characters

* 𬇢, 𦮣, 冔, 𦊯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3275
* Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 575, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5401

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xū (xu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xū
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syu
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^1$
*** Yale: syū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: heoi$^1$
*** Yale: hēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hy⁵³³/
* Middle Chinese: xju, hjuH
Rime :
| Character | 吁 | 吁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 況于切 | 王遇切 |
| Baxter | xju | hjuH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨo/ | /ɦɨo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hio/ | /ɦio$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xio/ | /ɣio$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huə̆/ | /ɦuə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xio/ | /ɣio$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭu/ | /ɣĭu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯u/ | /i̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xū | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | heoi$^1$ | jyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰ(r)a/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷa/, /*ɢʷas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 吁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xju › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷʰ(r)a/ |
| English | pained |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 吁 | 吁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15694 | 15721 |
| Phonetic component | 于 | 于 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 訏 | 芋 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷa/ | /*ɢʷas/ |
| Notes | 於轉註字 | |

#### Definitions

吁
* to sigh
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) huh! (used to express surprise or doubt)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) worried
* a surname
* Alternative form of 噓 / 嘘
   * Used in 欷吁.

#### Compounds

* 吁俞
* 吁吁
* 吁咈
* 吁咈都俞
* 吁嗟
* 吁噓
* 吁氣
* 喘吁吁
* 嗟吁
* 噫吁戲
* 欷吁 (xīxū)
* 歎吁
* 氣吁吁
* 氣喘吁吁 (qìchuǎnxūxū)
* 短嘆長吁 / 短叹长吁
* 都俞吁咈
* 長吁
* 長吁短嘆 / 长吁短叹 (chángxūduǎntàn)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yū, yú (yu$^1$, yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩ, ㄩˊ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yū
*** Zhuyin: ㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yu
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^1$
*** Yale: yū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: y$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /y¹³/

#### Definitions

吁
* (Mainland China) (used to stop animals from advancing) whoa!

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 吁 – see 籲 (“to appeal; to plead; to call”). (This character is the simplified form of 籲).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “吁”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: う (u)、く (ku)
* Kan-on: う (u)、く (ku)
* Kun: あう (au)

## Korean
### Hanja

吁 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

吁: Hán Việt readings: hu, hù, u
吁: Nôm readings: hu, hủ, vo, vu, xu
* chữ Hán form of hù (“to scare someone with a surprise”).
* chữ Hán form of vù (“sound of the blowing wind”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).