# ضد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From the root ض د د (ḍ d d). Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤidd/

#### Noun

ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))
* opposite, contrast
    اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ ― as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi ― The black is an opposite of the white.
* alike, equal, match, counterpart
    لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِlaysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihiThere is no equivalent to his diligence.
* (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
* antonym
* adversary, opponent
* antitoxin, antidote, anti-

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: zidd
* → Crimean Tatar: zıt
* → Karaim: зыт
* → Krymchak: зыт
* → Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)
    > Turkish: zıt (inherited)
* → Tatar: зыт (zıt)
* → Uyghur: زىت (zit)
* → Uzbek: zid

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤid.da/
* Audio:(file)

#### Preposition

ضِدَّ • (ḍidda)
* against

##### Inflection
## Moroccan Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤadd/

### Etymology 1

From Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

#### Noun

ضد • (ḍadd) m (plural ضدود (ḍdūd) or ضدودة (ḍdūda))
* opposite, contrast
* antonym

### Etymology 2

From Arabic ضِدَّ (ḍidda).

#### Preposition

ضد • (ḍadd)
* against

##### Inflection
## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zidð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɪd̪(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɪd̪(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɪd̪(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zid̪(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zed̪̥(ː)]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zid̪(ː)]

#### Adjective

ضد • (zedd)
* opposite
* contrary
* adversarial

#### Noun

ضد • (zedd)
* opposition
* contrary
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3865:که ز ضدها ضدها آمد پدید در سویدا روشنایی آفریدki zi zidd-hā zidd-hā āmad padīd dar suwaydā rōšanāyī afarīdFor contraries are manifested by means of contraries: in the black core (of the heart) He (God) created the light (of love).
* adversary

#### Descendants

* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਿਦ (jid)
    Shahmukhi script: ضد (zid)

### Etymology 2

From ضد (zedd) + ezafe.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈzið.di]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɪ́d̪.d̪ɪ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɪ́d̪.d̪ɪ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɪ́d̪d̪ɪ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zíd̪d̪i]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zéd̪.d̪e]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zíd̪.d̪i]

#### Preposition

ضد • (zedd-e)
* against

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤidd/, [dˤɪdˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Preposition

ضدّ • (ḍidd)
* against

## Urdu
### Etymology

First attested in c. 1665 as Middle Hindi ضد (zid, zidd), borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ (ẓidd).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /zɪd̪/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪd̪

### Adjective

ضِد • (zid) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ज़िद)
* (formal) contrary; opposite
** 1987, آنریبل سیّد امیر علی [Honourable Sayyid Ameer Ali], translated by محمدؐ ہادی حسین [Muhammad Hadi Hussain], رُوحِ اِسْلَام [rūh-i islām, The Spirit of Islam]‎, Lahore, pages 16-17:موت کے بعد انسان کی تقدیر کے بارے میں بدھ مت کا جو تصور تھا وہ برہمی نظریوں کی عین ضد تھاmaut ke ba'd insān kī taqdīr ke bāre mẽ budh mat kā jo tasavvar thā vo barhamī nazariyõ kī 'ain zid thāThe Buddhist concept of the destiny of man after death was completely opposite to Brahmanist theories.

### Noun

ضِد • (zid) f (Hindi spelling ज़िद)
* stubbornness (connoted with ego; anger)
** 1986, شیخ محمد عبد اللہ [Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah], آتِشِ چِنار [ātiś-i cinār]‎, Srinagar, →OCLC, page 514:انھوں نے بڑے اصرار کے ساتھ مجھ سے کہا کہ "ضِد چھوڑ دو۔ اِس معمولی بات پر معاملات کو بگڑنے نہ دو۔"unhõ ne baṛe isrār ke sāth mujh se kahā ki "zid choṛ do. is ma'mūlī bāt par mu'āmalāt ko bigaṛne na do."He insistently told me "Leave this stubbornness of yours. Don't let affairs deteriorate over this trivial matter."
* egotism, selfishness
* opposition, enmity, contrariety
* (semantics) antonym

#### Derived terms

* ضِد کَرْنا (zid karnā, “to be stubborn; persistent”)
* ضِدّی (ziddī, “stubborn”)

### Further reading

* “ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “ضد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ضد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “ضد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 748
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “ضد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 835
* John Shakespear (1834) “ضد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC