# ܚܘܒܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

From Aramaic חוּבָּא (ḥūbbā, “love; burning sensation”); compare Arabic حُبّ (ḥubb). In some dialects influenced by Classical Syriac, hence /ḥ/.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈxub.bɑː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ˈħub.bɑː]

#### Noun

ܚܘܼܒܵܐ • (ḥubbā) m (uncountable)
* love, affection
    Synonyms: ܪܸܚܡܬ݂ܵܐ (riḥmṯā), ܒܸܥܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (biˁyūṯā)
** John 5:42:
    ܐܸܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܕܠܲܝܬ ܒܝܼܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ.illā kē yāḏˁēn lāwḵōn dlayt bīyāwḵōn ḥubbā d-allāhā.But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you.
** Romans 5:8:
    ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܡܘܼܚܙܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܚܘܼܒܹܗ ܐܸܠܲܢ، ܟܲܕ݂ ܚܲܛܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ، ܗܵܕܟ݂ܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ݂ ܠܹܗ ܚܠܵܦܲܢ.īnā allāhā muḥzē lēh ḥubbēh illan, kaḏ ḥaṭṭāyē ìwaḥ wā, hādḵā mšīḥā mīṯ lēh ḥlāpan.But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.

##### Derived terms

* ܒܚܘܼܒܘܼܟ݂ (bḥubbūḵ)
* ܒܲܪ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (bar ḥubbā)
* ܚܘܼܒܵܐܝܼܬ݂
* ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܐ (ḥubbānā)
* ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (ḥūbānāˀīṯ)
* ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ḥūbānāyā)
* ܡܵܪ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (mār ḥubbā)
* ܫܘܿܥܝܼܬ݂ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (šōˁīṯ ḥubbā)

### Etymology 2

From Aramaic חַוְבָא (ḥawbā); compare Hebrew חוֹב (khov).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈxɑw.bɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ˈxoːbɑː]

#### Noun

ܚܵܘܒܵܐ • (ḥāwbā) m sg (plural ܚܵܘܒܹ̈ܐ (ḥāwbē))
* debt, due, obligation
* guilt, liability
* (in the plural) sins
    Synonym: ܚܸܛܝܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (ḥiṭyāṯē)

##### Derived terms

* ܚܵܘܒܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāwbṯā)
* ܡܵܪ ܚܵܘܒܵܐ (mār ḥāwbā)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܚ ܒ ܒ related to burning; compare Arabic حُبّ (ḥubb).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈħub.bɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈxub.bɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈħu.bo]

#### Noun

ܚܘܒܐ • (ḥūbbā) m(uncountable)
* love, affection
** Peshitta, John 5:42:
    ܐܠܐ ܝܕܥܬܟܘܢ. ܕܚܘܒܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܝܬ ܒܟܘܢ.ʾellā ʾīḏaʿtəḵōn, də-ḥūbbēh ḏə-ʾălāhā layt bəḵōn.But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you.
* charity
* (used with 2nd person possessive suffixes as a title) dear, beloved

##### Derived terms

* ܒܚܘܒ ܩܛܝܪ (bə-ḥoḇ qəṭīr, “willy-nilly”)
* ܒܪ ܚܘܒܐ (bar ḥūbbā, “friend”)
* ܚܘܒܐܝܬ (ḥūbbāʾīṯ, “lovingly”)
* ܚܘܒܢܐܝܬ (ḥūbbānāʾīṯ, “lovingly”)
* ܚܘܒܢܝܐ (ḥūbbānāyā, “loving”)

### Etymology 2

From the root ܚ ܘ ܒ related to owing; compare Hebrew חוֹב (ḥôḇ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈħaw.bɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈxɑw.bɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈħɑw.bo]

#### Noun

ܚܘܒܐ • (ḥawbā) m (plural ܚܘܒܐ (ḥawbē))
* debt, due
* guilt, liability
* (in the plural) sins
** Peshitta, Matthew 6:12:
    ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܘܒܝ̈ܢ: ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܚܝܒܝ̈ܢ.wa-šəḇoq lan ḥawbayn, ʾaykannā ḏə-āp̄ ḥənan šəḇaqn lə-ḥayyāḇayn.And forgive us our debts [sins], as we forgive our debtors.

##### Derived terms

* ܡܪܐ ܚܘܒܐ (mārē ḥawbā, “debtor”)

### References

* “ḥwb$^3$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-17
* “ḥwb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2008-11-25
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 93b, 98b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 129b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 419a–b