# شعر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ʕa.ra/

#### Verb

شَعَرَ • (šaʕara) I (non-past يَشْعُرُ (yašʕuru), verbal noun شُعُور (šuʕūr))
* to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:11-12:وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ ۝ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to realize, to notice, to come to know
* to perceive, to feel, to sense
* to be conscious, to be aware

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

شَعَرَ • (šaʕara) I (non-past يَشْعُرُ (yašʕuru), verbal noun شِعْر (šiʕr))
* to make or compose poetry
* to poetize, to versify

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

شَعُرَ • (šaʕura) I (non-past يَشْعُرُ (yašʕuru), verbal noun شِعْر (šiʕr))
* to become a poet
    خَالَطَ الشُّعَرَاءَ فَشَعُرَḵālaṭa š-šuʕarāʔa fašaʕuraHe mingled with the poets and became a poet
* to perceive, to feel, to sense [with بِ (bi) ‘something’]
* to become aware [with بِ (bi) ‘of something’]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *śaʕr- (“hair”).
Cognate with Hebrew שיער (se'ár).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ʕar/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

شَعْر or شَعَر • (šaʕr or šaʕar) m (plural أَشْعَار (ʔašʕār) or شُعُور (šuʕūr))
* hair
    لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَزْرَعُ شَعْرَ جَسْدِي مُنْذُ بُضِعِ سَنَوَاتٍ حَتَّى الْآنَ.laqad kuntu ʔazraʕu šaʕra jasdī munḏu buḍiʕi sanawātin ḥattā l-ʔāna.I've been growing my hair for a few years now.
* bristles
* fur, pelt
* cracks, hairline cracks (in a vase)

##### Related terms

* شَعْرَة (šaʕra)

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: شعر (šaʕar)
* Maltese: xagħar
* Moroccan Arabic: شعر (šʕar), شعرة (šaʕra)

#### Verb

شَعِرَ • (šaʕira) I (non-past يَشْعَرُ (yašʕaru), verbal noun شَعَر (šaʕar))
* to have thick and long hair, to be hirsute

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Compare Hebrew שיר (shir) and Hebrew שירה (shirá).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃiʕr/

#### Noun

شِعْر • (šiʕr) m (plural أَشْعَار (ʔašʕār))
* knowing, knowledge
    لَيْتَ شِعْرِي ― layta šiʕrī ― I wish I knew
* noticing, perception, sensation
* poetry, poem, verses

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: şeir
* → Bashkir: шиғыр (şiğır)
* → Chagatai: شعر
** Uyghur: شېئىر (shë'ir)
** Uzbek: sheʼr
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: शेर (śer)
** Urdu: شعر
* → Ottoman Turkish: شعر (şi'r)
** Turkish: şiir
* → Pashto: شعر
* → Persian: شعر (še'r)
* → Punjabi: شِعْر (śiʻr)
* → Sindhi: شعر
* → Swahili: shairi
* → Turkmen: şygyr

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃu.ʕur/

#### Noun

شُعُر • (šuʕur) m pl
* plural of شِعَار (šiʕār)

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “شعر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 426–427
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شعر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 1236–1238
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شعر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 544
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “شعر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic شَعْر (šaʕr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.ʕar/

#### Noun

شعر • (šaʕar) m (collective, singulative شَعْرة f (šaʕra), plural شُعور (šuʕūr))
* hair
* bristles
* fur

##### Related terms

* مُشْعر (mušʕir, “hairy”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic شِعْر (šiʕr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃi.ʕir/, [ʃɪ.ʕɪr]

#### Noun

شعر • (šiʕir) m (plural أشعار (ʔašʕār))
* poetry
* poem
    Synonym: قَصِيدة (gaṣīda)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic شَعْر (šaʕr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃʕar/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

شعر • (šʕar) m (collective, singulative شعرة f (šaʕra), plural شعور (šʕūr) or شعورات (šʕūrāt))
* hair
* bristles
* fur

##### Related terms

* مشعر (mšaʕʕar, “hairy”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic شِعْر (šiʕr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃiʕr/

#### Noun

شعر • (šiʕr) m (plural أشعار (ʔašʕār))
* poetry

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شِعْر (šiʕr)

### Noun

شعر • (şi’r)
* poetry, poem, verse
    Synonyms: منظومه (manzume), نظم (nazm)

#### Related terms

* شاعر (şa’ir)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: şiir

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شعر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 727b
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شعر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1127a
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şiir”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4481b

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شِعْر (šiʕr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃiʔɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃe̞ʔɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃe̞ʔɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃeːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃeʔɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃeʔɾ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

شعر • (še'r) (plural شعرها (še'r-hâ) or اشعار (aš'âr))
* poem
* poetry

#### Synonyms

* چامه (čâme)
* سرواد (sarvâd)

#### Related terms

* شاعر (šâ'er)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شَعْر (šaʕr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaʕr/, [ˈʃa.ʕ(ɪ)r]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

شعر • (šaʕr) m
* hair

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شِعْر (šiʕr).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃeːɾ/

### Noun

شعر • (śer) m (formal plural اَشْعار (aś'ār), Hindi spelling शेर)
* couplet (of Urdu poetry)

#### Declension

(Colloquial)
(Standard)