# scio
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈst͡sio]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -io
* Hyphenation: sci‧o

### Noun

scio (uncountable, accusative scion)
* knowledge

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: $^*$/ˈʃi.o/
* Rhymes: -io
* Hyphenation: scì‧o

### Verb

scio
* first-person singular present indicative of sciare

### Anagrams

* -isco, Cois, Cosi, Soči, cosi, cosi', così, isco-, osci, scoi, soci

## Latin
### Etymology

De Vaan follows the LIV in tentatively reconstructing Proto-Italic *skijō, from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, dissect”), in which case related to secō (“to cut off”), signum (“a sign”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and English shit. He additionally notes the bare verb may be a backformation from nesciō. The proposed semantic development is not unusual, but is difficult to reconcile with the archaic semantics preserved in the deponent senses of Latin scitus and its diminutive, Latin scitulus, which instead suggest shared origin with Sanskrit चि (ci), Sanskrit चेतते (cétate), presumably reflecting Proto-Indo-European *keyt-. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈski.oː/, [ˈs̠kioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈʃi.o/, [ˈʃiːo]

### Verb

sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation
* to be able to, to know (how to do), understand, to have practical knowledge
    Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, tongeō, cernō, audiō
    Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō
    Scīsne ubi habitēmus? ― Do you know where we live?
* (euphemistic) to know carnally

#### Conjugation

* Used with adverb, accusative, or ablative
* The third and fourth principal parts are shared with scīscō.
* The regular present imperatives, scī and scīte, are almost never encountered, with the regular second person future imperative forms scītō and scītōte being used instead.
* Irregular forms are commonly encountered in early Latin, especially in the imperfect and future tenses.
** syncopated perfect forms: scīsse (= scīvisse), scīstī (= scīvistī), scīrint (= scīverint)
** archaic imperfect forms: scībam, scībās, scībat, *scībāmus, scībātis, scībant (= sciēbam etc.)
** archaic future forms: scībō, scībis, scībit, scībimus, *scībitis, scībunt (= sciam etc.), passive scībitur
** Contraction scīn (or scīn') for scīsne (scīs + -ne)

#### Derived terms

* consciō
* nesciō
* praesciō
* sciēns
* scienter
* scientia
* scientificus
* scientiola
* scīlicet
* scīscō
* scītus

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: shtiu, shciu, sciu
** Istro-Romanian: știvu
** Megleno-Romanian: știu
** Romanian: ști
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: ischire
* Borrowings:
** → Esperanto: scii
** → Italian: scire (rare)

### References

* “scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* scio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. I know for a fact: certo (certe) scio (Arch. 12. 32) I know very well: probe scio, non ignoro as far as I know: quantum scio as far as I know: quod sciam we know from experience: experti scimus, didicimus to have received a liberal education: litteras scire to know Latin: latinam linguam scire or didicisse to know Latin: latine scire
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545