OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# قصة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qisˤ.sˤa/

#### Noun

قِصَّة • (qiṣṣa) f (plural قِصَص (qiṣaṣ))
* story, tale, relation
* petition
* plot
* synopsis
* pudendum

##### Descendants

* Maltese: qassas
* → Azerbaijani: qissə
* → Classical Persian: قِصَّه (qissa), قِصَّة (qissa)
** Dari: قِصَّه (qissa)
** Iranian Persian: قِصِّه (ğesse)
** Dari: قِصِّه (qissi)
** Tajik: қисса (qissa)
* → Baluchi: قِصَّہ
* → Bengali: কিচ্ছা (kiccha)
* → Gujarati: કિસ્સો (kisso)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: क़िस्सा (qissā)
** Urdu: قِصَّہ (qissa)
* → Pashto: قصه, کيسه, کيسۍ
* → Punjabi:
** Shahmukhi script: قِصَّہ (qiṣṣah)
** Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ਿੱਸਾ (qissā)
* → Sindhi:
** Devanagari script: क़िस्सो
** Arabic script: قصو
*** → Baluchi: قصو
* → Hausa: ƙissa
* → Indonesian: kisah
* → Kazakh: қисса (qissa)
* → Kyrgyz: кысса (kıssa)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قصه (kıssa)
** Turkish: kıssa
* → Swahili: kisa
* → Tatar: кыйсса (qıyssa)
* → Turkmen: kyssa
* → Uyghur: قىسسە (qisse)
* → Uzbek: qissa

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “قصة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قصة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

#### Noun

قِصَّة • (qiṣṣa) f (plural قِصَص (qiṣaṣ))
* event
* affair
* (law) case

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قصة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qasˤ.sˤa/, /qisˤ.sˤa/

#### Noun

قَصَّة or قِصَّة • (qaṣṣa or qiṣṣa) f (plural قِصَاص (qiṣāṣ))
* gypsum

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قصة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قِصَّة (qiṣṣa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡisˤ.sˤa/, [ɡɪsˤ.sˤa]

#### Noun

قِصَّة • (giṣṣa) f (plural قِصَص (giṣaṣ))
* story, tale
* plot

### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَصَّة (qaṣṣa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡasˤ.sˤa/

#### Noun

قَصَّة • (gaṣṣa) f (plural قَصَّات (gaṣṣāt))
* haircut
* hairstyle
* cut

## Malay
### Conjunction

قصة
* Jawi spelling of kisah‎.

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قِصَّة (qiṣṣa).

### Noun

قصة • (ʔuṣṣa, ʔiṣṣa) f (plural قصص (ʔuṣaṣ, ʔiṣaṣ))
* story
    هالقصة ما سمعتا ولا مرة بحياتيHa-l-ʔuṣṣa ma smiʕta wala marra b-ḥayēti.I’ve never heard this story in all my life.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قِصَّة (qiṣṣa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔusˤ.sˤa/, [ˈʔʊsˤ.sˤɑ]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡusˤ.sˤa/, [ˈɡʊsˤ.sˤɑ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

قصّة • (ʔuṣṣa) f (plural قصص (ʔuṣaṣ))
* story, tale
    Synonyms: سيرة (sīre), حكاية (ḥikāye)
# دهن
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root د ه ن (d h n). Semantically like German streichen.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

دَهَنَ • (dahana) I (non-past يَدْهُنُ (yadhunu), verbal noun دَهْن (dahn))
* to hit, to strike
* to smear, to spread
** to paint, to pigment
* to deceive, to trick, to fool, to befool
** to flatter, to humor, to appease

#### Conjugation
### Verb

دَهَّنَ • (dahhana) II (non-past يُدَهِّنُ (yudahhinu), verbal noun تَدْهِين (tadhīn))
* synonym of دَهَنَ (dahana)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

دَهْن • (dahn) m
* verbal noun of دَهَنَ (dahana) (form I)
    شُوكُولَاتَةٌ قَابِلَةٌ لِلدَّهْنِ ― chocolate spread

#### Declension
### Noun

دُهْن • (duhn) m (plural أَدْهَان (ʔadhān) or دُهُون (duhūn))
* smeared substance, grease, fat

#### Derived terms

* دُهْنِيّ (duhniyy)

#### Descendants

* → Northern Kurdish: don, dihn, dohin, dohn, duhn, dwîn
* →⇒ Old Armenian: դհունաղհունար (dhunałhunar), հունաղհունար (hunałhunar)

### Adjective

دَهِن • (dahin)
* oily, greasy

#### Declension
## Persian
### Pronunciation

** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɑ́ːn]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [d̪æ.ɦǽn]

### Noun

دهن • (dahan) (plural دهن‌ها (dahan-hâ))
* colloquial form of دهان (“mouth”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَهَنَ (dahana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.han/, [ˈda.han]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Verb

دهن • (dahan) I (present بدهن (bidhan))
* to paint
# عهد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.hi.da/

#### Verb

عَهِدَ • (ʕahida) I (non-past يَعْهَدُ (yaʕhadu), verbal noun عَهْد (ʕahd))
* to further
* to care, to be cognizant of, to know

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕahd/

#### Noun

عَهْد • (ʕahd) m (plural عُهُود (ʕuhūd))
* verbal noun of عَهِدَ (ʕahida) (form I)
    الْعَهْد الْقَدِيم (al-ʕahd al-qadīm, “the Old Testament”)
* (Judaism, Christianity) covenant
    تَابُوت الْعَهْد (tābūt al-ʕahd, “the Ark of the Covenant”)
* knowledge, acquaintance, contact
* close observance, strict adherence, keeping, fulfillment
* delegation, assignment, committing, commissioning, entrusting
* commission
* commitment, obligation, liability, responsibility
* agreement, covenant, treaty, pact, compact, pledge
* promise, vow, oath
* time, epoch, era
* (Christianity) testament
    الْعَهْد الْجَدِيد (al-ʕahd al-jadīd, “the New Testament”)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əhd
* → Ottoman Turkish: عهد (ahd)
** Turkish: ahit
* → Persian: عهد (ahd)
** → Bengali: আহদ (ahod)
** → Chagatai: عهد
*** Uyghur: ئەھد (ehd)
*** Uzbek: ahd
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: अहद (ahad)
    Urdu: عَہْد ('ahd), عَہَد ('ahad)
** → Punjabi: عَہْد (ʻahd)
** → Pashto: عهد
** → Sindhi: عهد
** → Turkmen: äht

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَهْد (ʕahd).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔahð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäɦd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäɦd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑːd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔːd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæɦd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäɦd̪]

### Noun

عهد • (ahd)
* (Judaism, Christianity) covenant
* promise; vow; oath
    Synonyms: قول (qowl), سوگند (sowgand), پیمان (peymân), وعده (va'de)
* times; age; epoch
    Synonyms: عصر (asr), روزگار (ruzgâr)
    در عهد باستان ― dar ahd-e bâstân ― in ancient times
* (Christianity) testament

#### Derived terms

* عهد جدید (ahd-e jadid, “New Testament”)
* عهد عتیق (ahd-e atiq, “Old Testament”)
* عهد کردن (ahd kardan, “to vow”)
* ولیعهد (vali'ahd, “heir apparent”)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: আহদ (ahod)
* → Chagatai: عهد
** Uyghur: ئەھد (ehd)
** Uzbek: ahd
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: अहद (ahad)
    Urdu: عَہْد ('ahd), عَہَد ('ahad)
* → Punjabi: عَہْد (ʻahd)
* → Pashto: عهد
* → Sindhi: عهد
* → Turkmen: äht
# راجع
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

رَاجَعَ • (rājaʕa) III (non-past يُرَاجِعُ (yurājiʕu), verbal noun مُرَاجَعَة (murājaʕa))
* to review, to reexamine

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Derived from the active participle of the verb رَجَعَ (rajaʕa, “to return”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raː.d͡ʒiʕ/

#### Adjective

رَاجِع • (rājiʕ) (feminine رَاجِعَة (rājiʕa), masculine plural رَاجِعُونَ (rājiʕūna), feminine plural رَاجِعَات (rājiʕāt))
* returning, coming back
* traceable (to), ascribable (to)

##### Descendants

* → Persian: راجع (râje')
** → Urdu: راجع (rāje)
* → Ottoman Turkish: راجع (râci')

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَاجِع (rājiʕ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾɑː.d͡ʒiʔ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rɑː.d͡ʒe̞ʔ], [rɑː.d͡ʒeː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rɑː.d͡ʒe̞ʔ], [rɑː.d͡ʒeː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rɑː.d͡ʒeː], [rɑː.d͡ʒeː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rɔː.d͡ʒeː], [rɔː.d͡ʒeː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹɒː.d͡ʒeʔ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾɔ.d͡ʒeʔ]

### Adjective

راجع • (râje')
* (with به) regarding, about, concerning
    Synonym: درباره (darbâre-ye)
    داستان راجع به چیست؟ ― dâstân râje' be či-st? ― What is the story about?
* (dated) returning, recurrent

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic رَاجَعَ (rājaʕa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raː.ʒaʕ/, [ˈræː.ʒaʕ], [ˈræː.d͡ʒaʕ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

راجع • (rājaʕ) III (present بتراجع (birājeʕ))
* to consult, to apply to
* to revise (a lesson)
* to go over, to check (bill)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic رَاجِع (rājiʕ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raː.ʒiʕ/, [ˈræː.ʒɪʕ], [ˈræː.d͡ʒɪʕ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Participle

راجع • (rājeʕ) (feminine راجعة (rājʕe), common plural راجعين (rājʕīn))
* active participle of رجع (rijiʕ, “to return”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَاجِع (rājiʕ).

### Adjective

راجع • (rāje)
* inclined, bent, returning

### Preposition

راجع • (rāje)
* concerning, referring to something previous
# أظهر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

أَظْهَرَ • (ʔaẓhara) IV (non-past يُظْهِرُ (yuẓhiru), verbal noun إِظْهَار (ʔiẓhār))
* to show
    مِن اللازم لنا أن نُظهر الاحترام لكل الناس. ― We need to show respect to all people.
    التاريخ والعلم والنبوات تُظهر أننا نقدر أن نصدِّق القرآن.History, science and prophecغ show that we can believe the Noble Quran.
* to exhibit, to expose, to reveal, to manifest
* (intransitive) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an:وَعَشِيًّا وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَwaʕašiyyan waḥīna tuẓhirūna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (transitive) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an:وَأَظْهَرَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِwaʔaẓharahu llāhu ʕalayhi(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (transitive) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:33:هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِhuwa llaḏī ʔarsala rasūlahu bi-l-hudā wadīni l-ḥaqqi liyuẓhirahu ʕalā d-dīni kullihi(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

أَظْهُر • (ʔaẓhur) m pl
* plural of ظَهْر (ẓahr)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

أظهر (form I)
* أَظْهَرُ (ʔaẓharu) /ʔaðˤ.ha.ru/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara)
* أُظْهَرُ (ʔuẓharu) /ʔuðˤ.ha.ru/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara)
* أَظْهَرَ (ʔaẓhara) /ʔaðˤ.ha.ra/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara)
* أُظْهَرَ (ʔuẓhara) /ʔuðˤ.ha.ra/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara)
* أَظْهَرْ (ʔaẓhar) /ʔaðˤ.har/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara)
* أُظْهَرْ (ʔuẓhar) /ʔuðˤ.har/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

أظهر (form II)
* أُظَهِّرُ (ʔuẓahhiru) /ʔu.ðˤah.hi.ru/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of ظَهَّرَ (ẓahhara)
* أُظَهَّرُ (ʔuẓahharu) /ʔu.ðˤah.ha.ru/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of ظَهَّرَ (ẓahhara)
* أُظَهِّرَ (ʔuẓahhira) /ʔu.ðˤah.hi.ra/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of ظَهَّرَ (ẓahhara)
* أُظَهَّرَ (ʔuẓahhara) /ʔu.ðˤah.ha.ra/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of ظَهَّرَ (ẓahhara)
* أُظَهِّرْ (ʔuẓahhir) /ʔu.ðˤah.hir/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of ظَهَّرَ (ẓahhara)
* أُظَهَّرْ (ʔuẓahhar) /ʔu.ðˤah.har/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of ظَهَّرَ (ẓahhara)
# ساعد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Cognate with Hebrew סָעַד (sāʿad, “to support”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.ʕa.da/
* Audio (informal):(file)

#### Verb

سَاعَدَ • (sāʕada) III (non-past يُسَاعِدُ (yusāʕidu), verbal noun مُسَاعَدَة (musāʕada))
* to help, to assist
    هَلْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ تُسَاعِدَنِي؟hal yumkinu ʔan tusāʕidanī?Can you help me?

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: -saidia

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.ʕid/

#### Noun

سَاعِد • (sāʕid) m (plural سَوَاعِد (sawāʕid))
* forearm, bracchium
    فِي ذِرَاعِ ٱلْإِنْسَانِ ثَلَاثَةُ عِظَامٍ: اِثْنَتَانِ فِي ٱلسَّاعِدِ ٱسْمَاهُمَا ٱلزَّنْدُ وَٱلْكُعْبُرَةُ وَوَاحِدَةٌ فِي ٱلْعَضُدِ.fī ḏirāʕi l-ʔinsāni ṯalāṯatu ʕiẓāmin: iṯnatāni fī s-sāʕidi smāhumā z-zandu wal-kuʕburatu wawāḥidatun fī l-ʕaḍudi.There are three bones in the human arm: two in the lower arm (called the ulna and the radius) and one in the upper arm.
** a. 684, معن بن أوس [Maʿn Ibn Aws], فيا عجباً لمن ربيت طفلاً […]:أُعَلِّمُهُ ٱلرِّمَايَةَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ / فَلَمَّا ٱشْتَدَّ سَاعِدُهُ رَمَانِي.ʔuʕallimu-hū r-rimāyata kulla yawmin / fa-lammā štadda sāʕidu-hū ramā-nī.I teach him shooting every day; and when his arm was steady he shot me.

##### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سعد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَاعَدَ (sāʕada).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaː.ʕad/

### Verb

ساعد • (sāʕad) III (non-past يِساعِد (yisāʕid))
* to help

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَاعَدَ (sāʕada).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.ʕad/, [ˈsæː.ʕad]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

ساعد • (sāʕad) III (present بساعد (bisāʕed))
* to help
    Synonym: عاون (ʕāwan)
    مسؤوليّتنا إنّه نساعد بعدم انتشار الأمراض المعديّة.masʔūliyyetna ʔinno nsāʕed bi-ʕadm intišār il-ʔamrāḍ il-moʕdiyyeIt's our responsibility to help stop the spread of infectious diseases.(literally, “It's our responsibility to help in the non-spread of infectious diseases.”)
# استيقظ
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.taj.qa.ðˤa/

### Verb

اِسْتَيْقَظَ • (istayqaẓa) X (non-past يَسْتَيْقِظُ (yastayqiẓu), verbal noun اِسْتِيقَاظ (istīqāẓ))
* (intransitive) to wake up [with مِن (min) ‘from sleep, etc.’]
    فِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ تَسْتَيْقِظُ؟ (talking to a male)fī ʔayyi waqtin tastayqiẓu?What time do you wake up?
    فِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ تَسْتَيْقِظِينَ؟ (talking to a female)fī ʔayyi waqtin tastayqiẓīna?What time do you wake up?
* (transitive) to wake (someone) up, to awaken (someone)
* to pay attention [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to something’]
* to become aware of, to become alert to [with لِ (li) ‘something’]

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ي ق ظ”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# أنشأ
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

أَنْشَأَ • (ʔanšaʔa) IV (non-past يُنْشِئُ (yunšiʔu), verbal noun إِنْشَاء (ʔinšāʔ))
* to create, to establish, to found
    أُنْشِئَتِ ٱلشَّرِكَةُ قَبْلَ سَنَةٍ.ʔunšiʔati š-šarikatu qabla sanatin.The company was established a year ago.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:35:إِنَّا أَنْشَأْنَاهُنَّ إِنْشَاءًʔinnā ʔanšaʔnāhunna ʔinšāʔanIndeed, We have produced them [the women of Paradise] in a [new] creation

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

أنشأ (form I)
* أَنْشَأُ (ʔanšaʔu) /ʔan.ʃa.ʔu/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of نَشَأَ (našaʔa)
* أَنْشَأَ (ʔanšaʔa) /ʔan.ʃa.ʔa/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of نَشَأَ (našaʔa)
* أَنْشَأْ (ʔanšaʔ) /ʔan.ʃaʔ/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of نَشَأَ (našaʔa)
# جورجيا
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* جِيُورْجِيَا (jiyorjiyā)

### Etymology 1

Imitating a European language, compare English Georgia.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒuːr.d͡ʒi.jaː/, /d͡ʒor.d͡ʒi.jaː/, /d͡ʒoːr.d͡ʒi.jaː/

#### Proper noun

جُورْجِيَا • (jorjiyā) f
* Georgia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea.)
* Georgia (A state of the United States.)
    وِلَايَة جُورْجِيَا قَدِيمَة وَجِمِيلَة جِدًّا.wilāya(t) jūrjiyā qadīma(t) wajimīla(t) jiddan.The state of Georgia is old and very pretty.

##### Derived terms

* جُورْجِيّ (jorjiyy)

#### See also

* كُرْج (kurj)
* جَرْجَان (jarjān)

### Etymology 2

From Persian گور گیاه (gôr-giyâh, “lemongrass (Cymbopogon); broomsedge (Andropogon)”, literally “ass hay”). Also known in Classical Syriac ܓܘܪܓܝܗ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒuːr.d͡ʒi.jaː/

#### Noun

جُورْجِيَا • (jūrjiyā) m (obsolete)
* lemongrass, Cymbopogon
    Synonym: إِذْخِر (ʔiḏḵir)
** a. 870, علي بن سهل ربّن الطبري [ʿalī ibn Sahl Rabbān aṭ-Ṭabarīy], فردوس الحكمة في الطب [firdaws al-ḥikma fī aṭ-ṭibb, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]‎:الإذخر وهو الجورجياLemongrass, which is jūrjiyā
** a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, (fol. 18r,1–2), page 370:من كنّاش ابن إسحاق: الجورجيا هو فقّاح الإذخر.From Kunnǎš by Ibn Isḥāq: Jūrjiyā is the flower of lemongrass.

##### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “جورجيا”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Further reading

* جورجيا on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ar}$

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic جُورْجِيَا (jūrjiyā), Persian گور گیاه (gôr-giyâh)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /d͡ʒoːr.d͡ʒi.ja/, [d͡ʒo̞ːr.d͡ʒɪ.ja], [ʒo̞ːr.ʒɪ.ja]

### Proper noun

جورْجِيا • (jōrjiya) f
* Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
* Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

#### Related terms

* جورجي (jōrji, “Georgian”) (masculine)
* جورجية (jōrjiyya, “Georgian”) (feminine)
# آية
## Arabic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *awayat-. Cognate with Hebrew אוֹת (ʾōṯ, “sign”) and Aramaic אתא (ʾāṯā, “sign”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaː.ja/

### Noun

آيَة • (ʔāya) f (plural آيَات (ʔāyāt))
* sign, token
    آيَةُ ٱللّٰه ― ʔāyatu llāh ― ayatollah (literally, “sign of God”)
* verse (of a holy book, such as the Quran or Bible)
* prodigy, marvel

#### Descendants

* → Afar: ayyáat
* → Albanian: ajet
* → Azerbaijani: ayə
* → Bashkir: аят (ayat)
* → Dutch: aja
* → English: ayah
* → Pashto: آيات (âyât)
* → Classical Persian: آیَه (āya), آیَة (āya(t)), آیَت (āyat)
** Iranian Persian: آیه (âye)
** Tajik: оя (oya), оят (oyat)
* → Kazakh: аят (aät)
* → Kyrgyz: аят (ayat)
* → Tatar: аять (ayat’)
* → Indonesian: ayat
* → Spanish: aleya
* → Swahili: aya
* → Tausug: ayat
* → Ottoman Turkish: آیت (âyet)
** → Turkish: ayet
** → Crimean Tatar: ayet
* → Turkmen: aýat
* → Uyghur: ئايەت (ayet)
* → Uzbek: oyat

### Proper noun

آية • (ʔāya) f
* a female given name

#### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “آية”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 46
# تاجي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of تَاج (tāj, “crown”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ت و ج (t w j).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taː.d͡ʒijj/

### Adjective

تَاجِيّ • (tājiyy) (feminine تَاجِيَّة (tājiyya), masculine plural تَاجِيُّونَ (tājiyyūna), feminine plural تَاجِيَّات (tājiyyāt))
* (relational) of the crown
* (medicine, cardiology, anatomy) coronary
    الشِرْيَان التَّاجِيّ ― aš-širyān at-tājiyy ― coronary artery

#### Descendants

* → Persian: تاجی

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* taji

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tad͡ʒi/
* Rhymes: -ad͡ʒi, -d͡ʒi, -i

### Noun

تاجي (Rumi spelling taji, plural تاجي٢)
* spur (An appendage or spike pointing rearward, near the foot, for instance that of a rooster)
# ديوان
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian دیوان (dêvân).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diː.waːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Noun

دِيوَان • (dīwān) m (plural دَوَاوِين (dawāwīn))
* register (registration book)
* collection of poetry
    دِيوَانُ جَمِيل بُثَيْنَةdīwānu jamīl buṯaynapoetry collection of Jamil Buthayna
* account, reckoning
* place of account or reckoning
* council, court, tribunal
* gathering place, especially for men
** 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل [wajdiyy al-ʔahdal], أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 203:ذهبتُ إلى الديوان، أبعدتُ الستارة البيضاء عن التلفزيون وشغّلته.I went into the living room, removed the white curtain from the TV and put it on.
* divan (clarification of this definition is needed)

#### Descendants

* Andalusian Arabic: ديوان (dīwān), *دوان (*duwān)
** → Catalan: duana
** → Occitan: doana
** → Portuguese: aduana
** → Spanish: aduana
*** → Basque: aduana
*** → Hiligaynon: aduana
*** → Tagalog: adwana
*** → Waray-Waray: adwana
** → Medieval Latin: doana, dogana, dovana
*** → Albanian: doganë
*** → Italian: dogana
*** → Old French: dohanne
**** Middle French: doana
***** French: douane
****** → Algerian Arabic: الدِّيوَانَة (ad_dīwāna)
****** → Dutch: douane
******* Afrikaans: doeane
******* → Indonesian: duane
******* → Papiamentu: doeana
****** → English: douane
**** Norman: douanne

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ديوان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 478–479
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “ديوان”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 74
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ديوان”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 939

## Malay
### Noun

ديوان (plural ديوان-ديوان or ديوان٢, informal 1st possessive ديوانکو, 2nd possessive ديوانمو, 3rd possessive ديوانڽ)
* Jawi spelling of dewan‎
# سبع
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Numeral

سَبْع • (sabʕ) m (feminine سَبْعَة (sabʕa))
* masculine of سَبْعَة (sabʕa, “seven”)

### Etymology 2

From the root س ب ع (s b ʕ); compare سَبْعَة (sabʕa, “seven”).

#### Noun

سُبُع or سُبْع • (subuʕ or subʕ) m (plural أَسْبَاع (ʔasbāʕ))
* one seventh

##### See also

* نِصْف (niṣf, “a half”), ثُلُث (ṯuluṯ, “a third”), رُبُع (rubuʕ, “a fourth, a quarter”), خُمُس (ḵumus, “a fifth”), سُدُس (sudus, “a sixth”), ثُمُن (ṯumun, “an eighth”), تُسُع (tusuʕ, “a ninth”), عُشُر (ʕušur, “a tenth”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

سَبُع or سَبْع • (sabuʕ or sabʕ) m (plural سِبَاع (sibāʕ) or أَسْبُع (ʔasbuʕ) or سُبُوع (subūʕ) or سُبُوعَة (subūʕa))
* a beast of prey; a voracious animal
    Hyponym: أَسَد (ʔasad)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:3:حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَن تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: səbʼ

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سبع”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَبْع (sabʕ, “predatory animal, beast of prey”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsæbʕ]

### Noun

سبع • (sabʕ) m (plural سباع (sibāʕ) or سبوع (subūʕ))
* lion
    Synonym: أسد (ʔasad)
    سبع ولا ضبع ― sabʕ walla ḍabʕ? ― Success or failure? (literally, “a lion or a hyena?”)

### Adjective

سبع • (sabʕ)
* (slang or humorous) lionesque
    راجل سبع ― rāgel sabʕ ― a real man

### References

* Spiro, Socrates (1895). An Arabic-English vocabulary of the colloquial Arabic of Egypt, containing the vernacular idioms and expressions, slang phrases, etc., etc., used by the native Egyptians Cairo: Al-Mokattam Printing Office.
* Hinds, Martin; Badawi, El-Said (1986). A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
* Lane, Edward William (1863). An Arabic - English Lexicon derived from the best and the most copious eastern sources London: Williams and Northgate.

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَبْع (sabʕ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sbaʕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

سبع • (sbaʕ) m (plural سبوعة (sbūʕa))
* lion

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic سُبُع (subuʕ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /subʕ/, [ˈsʊ.b(ʊ)ʕ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

سبع • (subʕ) m (plural سباع (sbāʕ) or أسباع (ʾasbāʕ))
* seventh (fraction)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic سَبْع (sabʕ), feminine of سَبْعَة (sabʕa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sabʕ/, [sabʕ]

#### Numeral

سبع • (sabʕ)
* construct state of سبعة (sabʕa)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic سَبْع (sabʕ, “predatory animal, beast of prey”).

#### Noun

سبع • (sabʕ) m
* lion
    Synonym: أسد