# 密

| 密 | U+5BC6, &#23494; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC6 |
| ← 寅 [U+5BC5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 寇 → [U+5BC7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

密 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十心竹山 (JPHU), four-corner 3077$_3$, composition ⿱宓山)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7205
* Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 940, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5BC6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 泌 | *mpriɡs, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 秘 | *mpriɡs |
| 毖 | *priɡs |
| 閟 | *priɡs |
| 柲 | *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 鉍 | *priɡs, *priɡ |
| 邲 | *priɡs, *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 覕 | *pliŋs, *mbliːɡ |
| 咇 | *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 苾 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 馝 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 飶 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 鴓 | *mbliːɡ |
| 鮅 | *pliɡ, *bliɡ |
| 必 | *pliɡ |
| 珌 | *pliɡ |
| 佖 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 駜 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 怭 | *bliɡ |
| 妼 | *bliɡ |
| 宓 | *mriɡ, *mliɡ |
| 樒 | *mriɡ |
| 密 | *mriɡ |
| 蔤 | *mriɡ |
| 滵 | *mriɡ |
| 蜜 | *mliɡ |
| 謐 | *mliɡ |
| 榓 | *mliɡ |
| 淧 | *mliɡ |
| 瑟 | *smriɡ, *smriɡ |
| 璱 | *sriɡ |
| 飋 | *sriɡ |
| 虙 | *blɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mriɡ): phonetic 宓 (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”) – hidden in the mountains, secret, intimate. Note that 宓 means “secret”, hence the phonetic component also adds part of the meaning.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→秘?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mì (mi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ми (mi, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mat$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mit$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): me̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mêd$^6$
* Northern Min (KCR): mĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): mĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): beh$^7$ / bih$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bi̍t / ba̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mig$^8$ / bhag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$miq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mì
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mì
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^4$
*** Yale: mì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ми (mi, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mat$^6$
*** Yale: maht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mit$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbit̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɛt̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /miʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛʔ²⁴/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /piʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /piʔ²⁴/
* beh7 - vernacular;
* bih7 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: mit
Rime :
| Character | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (49) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 美畢切 |
| Baxter | mit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mjit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mjĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mri[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mriɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mit › |
| Old Chinese | /*mri[t]/ |
| English | dense |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 591 |
| Phonetic component | 必 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 密 |
| Old Chinese | /*mriɡ/ |

#### Definitions

密
* dense; thick; close; tight
    密集 ― mìjí ― to be crowded together
    門關密。／门关密。 [Hokkien] ― Mn̂g koaiⁿ ba̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― The door is closed tightly.
       Chhân chèng kah chin ba̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The field is planted densely.
* intimate; close
* secret; confidential; concealed
* fine; meticulous; careful
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) calm; quiet; tranquil
* (Internet slang) to DM; to send a direct message
* 33rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "closeness" (𝌦)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 三密
* 不密 (bùmì)
* 事以密成
* 交通密度
* 人口密度 (rénkǒu mìdù)
* 人煙稠密 / 人烟稠密 (rényānchóumì)
* 仔密
* 低聲密語 / 低声密语
* 保密 (bǎomì)
* 保密軍官 / 保密军官
* 保密防諜 / 保密防谍
* 勞力密集 / 劳力密集
* 叢密 / 丛密
* 告密 (gàomì)
* 告密人
* 周密 (zhōumì)
* 哈密 (Hāmì)
* 哈密瓜 (hāmìguā)
* 嚴密 / 严密 (yánmì)
* 城府深密
* 失密
* 守密
* 宥密
* 密不可分 (mìbùkěfēn)
* 密不透風 / 密不透风
* 密不通風 / 密不通风
* 密令 (mìlìng)
* 密件 (mìjiàn)
* 密侖 / 密仑
* 密使 (mìshǐ)
* 密保
* 密信 (mìxìn)
* 密克羅尼西亞 / 密克罗尼西亚 (Mìkèluóníxīyà)
* 密函
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 密切追隨 / 密切追随
* 密勿
* 密勿從事 / 密勿从事
* 密匝匝 (mìzāzā)
* 密友 (mìyǒu)
* 密召
* 密司脫 / 密司脱
* 密合 (mìhé)
* 密告 (mìgào)
* 密咒
* 密商 (mìshāng)
* 密地
* 密報 / 密报 (mìbào)
* 密奏 (mìzòu)
* 密宗 (mìzōng)
* 密室 (mìshì)
* 密密 (mìmì)
* 密密切切
* 密密匝匝 (mìmìzāzā)
* 密密叢叢 / 密密丛丛
* 密密層層 / 密密层层
* 密密麻麻
* 密實 / 密实 (mìshí)
* 密寫 / 密写 (mìxiě)
* 密封 (mìfēng)
* 密封遺囑 / 密封遗嘱
* 密屋
* 密布 (mìbù)
* 密幄
* 密度 (mìdù)
* 密度指數 / 密度指数
* 密意
* 密捉
* 密探 (mìtàn)
* 密接 (mìjiē)
* 密支那 (Mìzhīnà)
* 密斯
* 密斯得
* 密斯忒
* 密斯特
* 密旨
* 密昔司
* 密昔斯
* 密昵
* 密書 / 密书 (mìshū)
* 密會 / 密会 (mìhuì)
* 密林 (mìlín)
* 密查
* 密植 (mìzhí)
* 密歇斯
* 密涅瓦 (Mìnièwǎ)
* 密爾 / 密尔 (mì'ěr)
* 密看
* 密碼 / 密码 (mìmǎ)
* 密約 / 密约 (mìyuē)
* 密網 / 密网
* 密緻 / 密致
* 密續 / 密续
* 密航
* 密蘇里州
* 密蘇里河
* 密西根州
* 密西根湖
* 密親 / 密亲
* 密訊 / 密讯
* 密訪 / 密访 (mìfǎng)
* 密詔 / 密诏 (mìzhào)
* 密語 / 密语 (mìyǔ)
* 密談 / 密谈 (mìtán)
* 密諭 / 密谕 (mìyù)
* 密謀 / 密谋 (mìmóu)
* 密議 / 密议 (mìyì)
* 密跡金剛 / 密迹金刚
* 密軌 / 密轨
* 密送 (mìsòng)
* 密邇 / 密迩
* 密醫 / 密医
* 密鑼緊鼓 / 密锣紧鼓 (mìluójǐngǔ)
* 密閉 / 密闭 (mìbì)
* 密集 (mìjí)
* 密集部署
* 密雨
* 密雲 / 密云 (mìyún)
* 密雲不雨 / 密云不雨
* 密電 / 密电 (mìdiàn)
* 密章
* 密點地圖 / 密点地图
* 居住密度
* 峻密
* 幽期密約 / 幽期密约
* 慎密 (shènmì)
* 戰雲密布 / 战云密布
* 戰雲濃密 / 战云浓密
* 文深網密 / 文深网密
* 明密
* 柔情密意
* 樞密 / 枢密 (shūmì)
* 樞密使 / 枢密使 (shūmìshǐ)
* 樞密院 / 枢密院 (shūmìyuàn)
* 機事不密 / 机事不密
* 機密 / 机密 (jīmì)
* 機密大事 / 机密大事
* 機密文件 / 机密文件
* 機謀不密 / 机谋不密 (jīmóu bùmì)
* 款密
* 洩密 / 泄密 (xièmì)
* 濃密 / 浓密 (nóngmì)
* 濃雲密布 / 浓云密布
* 烏雲密布 / 乌云密布 (wūyúnmìbù)
* 珍藏密斂 / 珍藏密敛
* 百密一疏 (bǎimìyīshū)
* 碎密
* 祕密 / 秘密 (mìmì)
* 祕密交易 / 秘密交易
* 祕密外交 / 秘密外交
* 祕密社會 / 秘密社会
* 祕密結社 / 秘密结社 (mìmì jiéshè)
* 祕密證人 / 秘密证人
* 祕密警察 / 秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)
* 祕密選舉 / 秘密选举
* 稠密 (chóumì)
* 精密 (jīngmì)
* 精密度 (jīngmìdù)
* 精密陶瓷
* 細密 / 细密 (xìmì)
* 細密畫 / 细密画
* 細針密縷 / 细针密缕
* 絕密 / 绝密 (juémì)
* 綿密 / 绵密 (miánmì)
* 緊密 / 紧密 (jǐnmì)
* 綿密小巧 / 绵密小巧
* 緊鑼密鼓 / 紧锣密鼓 (jǐnluómìgǔ)
* 緻密 / 致密 (zhìmì)
* 縝密 / 缜密 (zhěnmì)
* 繁密 (fánmì)
* 纖密 / 纤密
* 背密
* 致密 (zhìmì)
* 茂密 (màomì)
* 藏密 (Zàngmì)
* 衷腸密語 / 衷肠密语
* 親密 / 亲密 (qīnmì)
* 親密無間 / 亲密无间
* 詞嚴義密 / 词严义密
* 詳密 / 详密 (xiángmì)
* 謹密 / 谨密
* 軍事機密 / 军事机密
* 迷密
* 退藏於密 / 退藏于密
* 遏密
* 過從甚密 / 过从甚密
* 達拉密 / 达拉密
* 邃密
* 邁阿密 / 迈阿密 (Mài'āmì)
* 那密比亞 / 那密比亚
* 閨中密友 / 闺中密友 (guīzhōng mìyǒu)
* 阿提密斯
* 阿薩密省 / 阿萨密省
* 隱密 / 隐密 (yǐnmì)
* 靡密

#### Descendants

* → Thai: มิด (mít)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): be̍eh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍eh
*** Tâi-lô: be̍eh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛʔ¹²¹/

#### Definitions

密
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) densely packed; dense and numerous

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 密 – see 峇 (“(Hokkien) closed tightly”). (This character is a variant form of 峇).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 密 – see 沕 (“(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to submerge; to inundate; to drown”). (This character is a variant form of 沕).

### References

* “密”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* density
* secrecy
* carefulness

#### Readings

* Go-on: みつ (mitsu, Jōyō)、みち (michi)
* Kan-on: びつ (bitsu)
* Kun: ひそか (hisoka, 密か)、ひそやか (hisoyaka, 密やか)、みそか (misoka, 密か)

#### Compounds

* 密(みっ)教(きょう) (mikkyō, “esoteric Buddhism”)
* 密(みっ)航(こう) (mikkō, “smuggling”)
* 密(みっ)告(こく) (mikkoku, “tipoff”)
* 密(みっ)室(しつ) (misshitsu, “hidden room”)
* 密(みっ)接(せつ) (missetsu, “close relationship”)
* 密(みつ)談(だん) (mitsudan, “secret conversation”)
* 密(みっ)着(ちゃく) (mitchaku, “being adhered to”)
* 密(みつ)入(にゅう)国(こく) (mitsunyūkoku, “illegal immigration”)
* 密(みっ)封(ぷう) (mippū, “sealing”)
* 密(みつ)輸(ゆ) (mitsuyu, “smuggling”)
* 密(みつ)猟(りょう) (mitsuryō, “poaching”)
* 秘(ひ)密(みつ) (himitsu, “secret”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 密
* みつ Grade: 6
* goon
From Middle Chinese 密 (MC mit).
First cited to a text from 1092.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みつ [míꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [mʲit͡sɨ]

### Noun

密(みつ) • (mitsu)
* something without breaks or openings, something dense
* a secret, (especially) something done secretly
    Synonym: 秘密 (himitsu)
* (Buddhism) the teachings of esoteric Buddhism
    Synonym: 密教 (mikkyō)

### Adjective

密(みつ) • (mitsu) -na (adnominal 密(みつ)な (mitsu na), adverbial 密(みつ)に (mitsu ni))
* dense, without breaks or openings
* meticulous, carefully done, scrupulous
    密(みつ)な計(けい)画(かく)
       mitsu na keikaku
       a meticulous schedule
* (of relations among people) close, familiar, intimate
    Synonym: 深い (fukai)
    密(みつ)な間(あいだ)柄(がら)
       mitsu na aidagara
       familiar terms, intimate relations

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 密だろ | みつだろ | mitsu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 密で | みつで | mitsu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 密だ | みつだ | mitsu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 密な | みつな | mitsu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 密なら | みつなら | mitsu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 密であれ | みつであれ | mitsu de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 密ではない 密じゃない | みつではない みつじゃない | mitsu de wa nai mitsu ja nai |
| Informal past | 密だった | みつだった | mitsu datta |
| Informal negative past | 密ではなかった 密じゃなかった | みつではなかった みつじゃなかった | mitsu de wa nakatta mitsu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 密です | みつです | mitsu desu |
| Formal negative | 密ではありません 密じゃありません | みつではありません みつじゃありません | mitsu de wa arimasen mitsu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 密でした | みつでした | mitsu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 密ではありませんでした 密じゃありませんでした | みつではありませんでした みつじゃありませんでした | mitsu de wa arimasen deshita mitsu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 密で | みつで | mitsu de |
| Conditional | 密なら（ば） | みつなら（ば） | mitsu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 密だったら | みつだったら | mitsu dattara |
| Volitional | 密だろう | みつだろう | mitsu darō |
| Adverbial | 密に | みつに | mitsu ni |
| Degree | 密さ | みつさ | mitsusa |

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

密 (eumhun 빽빽할 밀 (ppaekppaekhal mil))
* hanja form of 밀 (“dense”)

#### Compounds

* 과밀 (過密, gwamil, “(demography) overcrowding, crowded ”)
* 긴밀 (緊密, ginmil, “closeness, tightness”)
* 밀도 (密度, mildo, “density”)
* 밀봉 (密封, milbong, “sealing”)
* 밀수 (密輸, milsu, “smuggling”)
* 밀접 (密接, miljeop, “being closely connected; being related”)
* 비밀 (秘密, bimil, “secret”)
* 치밀 (緻密, chimil, “precision, minuteness, accuracy”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

密: Hán Nôm readings: mật, mất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.