# hapan
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šappa. Cognates include Estonian hapu, Erzya чапамо (čapamo) and Moksha шапама (šapama). The declension has been levelled to a plain m-stem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑ̝pɑ̝n]
* Rhymes: -ɑpɑn
* Hyphenation: ha‧pan

### Adjective

hapan (comparative happamampi or happamempi, superlative happamin)
* sour, acid in taste
* sour, peevish, irritable, grumpy, fretful, ill-tempered
* (chemistry) acidic, acid
* (geology, mineralogy) felsic

#### Declension

Possessive forms of hapan (Kotus type 35*B/lämmin, pp-p gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamani
happamani
accusative
nom.
happamani
happamani
gen.
happamani
genitive
happamani
happamieni happamaini $^{rare}$
partitive
hapantani
happamiani
inessive
happamassani
happamissani
elative
happamastani
happamistani
illative
happamaani
happamiini
adessive
happamallani
happamillani
ablative
happamaltani
happamiltani
allative
happamalleni
happamilleni
essive
happamanani
happaminani
translative
happamakseni
happamikseni
abessive
happamattani
happamittani
instructive
comitative
—happamineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamasi
happamasi
accusative
nom.
happamasi
happamasi
gen.
happamasi
genitive
happamasi
happamiesi happamaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
hapantasi
happamiasi
inessive
happamassasi
happamissasi
elative
happamastasi
happamistasi
illative
happamaasi
happamiisi
adessive
happamallasi
happamillasi
ablative
happamaltasi
happamiltasi
allative
happamallesi
happamillesi
essive
happamanasi
happaminasi
translative
happamaksesi
happamiksesi
abessive
happamattasi
happamittasi
instructive
comitative
—happaminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamamme
happamamme
accusative
nom.
happamamme
happamamme
gen.
happamamme
genitive
happamamme
happamiemme happamaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
hapantamme
happamiamme
inessive
happamassamme
happamissamme
elative
happamastamme
happamistamme
illative
happamaamme
happamiimme
adessive
happamallamme
happamillamme
ablative
happamaltamme
happamiltamme
allative
happamallemme
happamillemme
essive
happamanamme
happaminamme
translative
happamaksemme
happamiksemme
abessive
happamattamme
happamittamme
instructive
comitative
—happaminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamanne
happamanne
accusative
nom.
happamanne
happamanne
gen.
happamanne
genitive
happamanne
happamienne happamainne $^{rare}$
partitive
hapantanne
happamianne
inessive
happamassanne
happamissanne
elative
happamastanne
happamistanne
illative
happamaanne
happamiinne
adessive
happamallanne
happamillanne
ablative
happamaltanne
happamiltanne
allative
happamallenne
happamillenne
essive
happamananne
happaminanne
translative
happamaksenne
happamiksenne
abessive
happamattanne
happamittanne
instructive
comitative
—happaminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamansa
happamansa
accusative
nom.
happamansa
happamansa
gen.
happamansa
genitive
happamansa
happamiensa happamainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
hapantaan hapantansa
happamiaan happamiansa
inessive
happamassaan happamassansa
happamissaan happamissansa
elative
happamastaan happamastansa
happamistaan happamistansa
illative
happamaansa
happamiinsa
adessive
happamallaan happamallansa
happamillaan happamillansa
ablative
happamaltaan happamaltansa
happamiltaan happamiltansa
allative
happamalleen happamallensa
happamilleen happamillensa
essive
happamanaan happamanansa
happaminaan happaminansa
translative
happamakseen happamaksensa
happamikseen happamiksensa
abessive
happamattaan happamattansa
happamittaan happamittansa
instructive
comitative
—happamineen happaminensa :
Possessive forms of hapan (Kotus type 33*B/kytkin, pp-p gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happameni
happameni
accusative
nom.
happameni
happameni
gen.
happameni
genitive
happameni
happamieni hapanteni
partitive
hapantani
happamiani
inessive
happamessani
happamissani
elative
happamestani
happamistani
illative
happameeni
happamiini
adessive
happamellani
happamillani
ablative
happameltani
happamiltani
allative
happamelleni
happamilleni
essive
happamenani
happaminani
translative
happamekseni
happamikseni
abessive
happamettani
happamittani
instructive
comitative
—happamineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamesi
happamesi
accusative
nom.
happamesi
happamesi
gen.
happamesi
genitive
happamesi
happamiesi hapantesi
partitive
hapantasi
happamiasi
inessive
happamessasi
happamissasi
elative
happamestasi
happamistasi
illative
happameesi
happamiisi
adessive
happamellasi
happamillasi
ablative
happameltasi
happamiltasi
allative
happamellesi
happamillesi
essive
happamenasi
happaminasi
translative
happameksesi
happamiksesi
abessive
happamettasi
happamittasi
instructive
comitative
—happaminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamemme
happamemme
accusative
nom.
happamemme
happamemme
gen.
happamemme
genitive
happamemme
happamiemme hapantemme
partitive
hapantamme
happamiamme
inessive
happamessamme
happamissamme
elative
happamestamme
happamistamme
illative
happameemme
happamiimme
adessive
happamellamme
happamillamme
ablative
happameltamme
happamiltamme
allative
happamellemme
happamillemme
essive
happamenamme
happaminamme
translative
happameksemme
happamiksemme
abessive
happamettamme
happamittamme
instructive
comitative
—happaminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamenne
happamenne
accusative
nom.
happamenne
happamenne
gen.
happamenne
genitive
happamenne
happamienne hapantenne
partitive
hapantanne
happamianne
inessive
happamessanne
happamissanne
elative
happamestanne
happamistanne
illative
happameenne
happamiinne
adessive
happamellanne
happamillanne
ablative
happameltanne
happamiltanne
allative
happamellenne
happamillenne
essive
happamenanne
happaminanne
translative
happameksenne
happamiksenne
abessive
happamettanne
happamittanne
instructive
comitative
—happaminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
happamensa
happamensa
accusative
nom.
happamensa
happamensa
gen.
happamensa
genitive
happamensa
happamiensa hapantensa
partitive
hapantaan hapantansa
happamiaan happamiansa
inessive
happamessaan happamessansa
happamissaan happamissansa
elative
happamestaan happamestansa
happamistaan happamistansa
illative
happameensa
happamiinsa
adessive
happamellaan happamellansa
happamillaan happamillansa
ablative
happameltaan happameltansa
happamiltaan happamiltansa
allative
happamelleen happamellensa
happamilleen happamillensa
essive
happamenaan happamenansa
happaminaan happaminansa
translative
happamekseen happameksensa
happamikseen happamiksensa
abessive
happamettaan happamettansa
happamittaan happamittansa
instructive
comitative
—happamineen happaminensa :

#### Derived terms

* hapahko
* hapoinen
* happamahko
* happamaton
* happamasti
* happamesti
* happamuus
* happo
* hapantua
* hapata
* happamoittaa
* happamoitua
* hapanappelsiini
* hapanhai
* hapanimelä
* hapanjuuri
* hapankaali
* hapankala
* hapankerma
* hapankirsikka
* hapankorppu
* hapankurkku
* hapanlaskeuma
* hapanleipä
* hapanlohko
* hapanmaito
* hapanmultamaannos
* hapannaama
* hapansavimaannos
* hapansilakka
* hapantaikina
* hapanvelli
* happamanmakea

### References

* ↑ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “hapan”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

### Further reading

* “hapan”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* pahan, pahna

## Ingrian
### Alternative forms

* hapa

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin. Cognates include Finnish hapan and Estonian hapu.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑpɑn]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑn]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑn]
* Rhymes: -ɑpɑn
* Hyphenation: ha‧pan

### Adjective

hapan (comparative happamamp)
* sour

#### Derived terms

* hapan maito
* hapanrokka
* hapantaa
* hapantaikina
* hapanvesi
* hapata
* happo

### Adjective

hapan
* genitive/accusative singular of hapa

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 40
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 28

## Karelian

Regional variants of hapan :
| North Karelian (Viena) | hapan |
| South Karelian (Tver) | hapan |

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin. Cognates include Finnish hapan and Estonian hapu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑpɑn/
* Hyphenation: ha‧pan

### Adjective

hapan (genitive happamen, partitive hapanta / hapanda, comparative happamampi / happamambi, superlative happamin)
* rotten
* (North Karelian) sour

#### Declension
### References

* A. V. Punzhina (1994) “hapan”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
* P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “hapan”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN