OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܚܡܪܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ḥ-m-r. Compare Hebrew חֲמוֹרָה (ḥămôrâ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ħ(ə)mɑrtɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ħ(ə)mɑrɑθɑ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܚܡܪܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܚܡܪܬܐ, singular masculine counterpart ܚܡܪܐ)
* donkey, she-ass, jenny

##### Synonyms

* ܐܬܢܐ

### Etymology 2

Modified from above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ħammɑrtɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ħammɑrɑθɑ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܚܡܪܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܚܡܪܬܐ, singular masculine counterpart ܚܡܪܐ)
* donkey driver

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

Modified from ܚܡܪܐ (ḥamrā, “wine”), from Proto-Semitic *ḫ-m-r.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ħammɑrtɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ħammɑrɑθɑ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܚܡܪܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܚܡܪܬܐ, singular masculine counterpart ܚܡܪܐ)
* vintner

##### Inflection
### References

* “ḥmrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 108b–109a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 147b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 468a
# ܚܪܝܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Proto-West Semitic *ḫarʔ- of same denotation. From the root ܚ ܪ ܐ related to defecating also ܚܪܐ (ḥrā, “to drop excrement”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ħɛrjɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ħ(ə)rajjɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܚܪܝܐ • (ḥeryā) m (plural ܚܪܝܐ (ḥərayyā))
* excrement, feces, dung, droppings
* (figuratively) dross, slag

#### Inflection
### References

* “ḥry”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 115a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 157a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 490a–b
# ܚܫܚܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ħ(ə)ʃaħtɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ħaʃħɑθɑ] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܚܫܚܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܚܫܚܬܐ)
* use, usefulness, utility, employment
* need, necessity
* want
* supply, provision, subsistence
* signification
* (grammar) use, dialect, phrase, word

#### Inflection
### References

* “ḥšḥh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 119a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 162a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 500b
# ܛܘܠܫܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܛ ܠ ܫ related to staining.

#### Alternative forms

* ܛܘܠܫܬܐ

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤulʃɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [tˤulʃe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܛܘܠܫܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܛܘܠܫܐ)
* spot, stain, impurity, defilement

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܛ ܠ ܫ related to staining.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤullɑʃɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [tˤullɑʃe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܛܘܠܫܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܛܘܠܫܐ)
* (of a house) plastering

##### Inflection
### References

* “ṭwlšˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 128a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 169b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 518a
# ܛܘܦܣܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic טוּפְסָא (ṭup̄sā), from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “blow, pressing; example”); compare also in Hebrew טִיפּוּס (típus).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤuf.sɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [tˤuːsɑː]

### Noun

ܛܘܼܦ̮ܣܵܐ • (ṭufsā) m sg (plural ܛܘܼܦ̮ܣܹ̈ܐ (ṭufsē) or ܛܘܼܦ̮ܣܵܢܹ̈ܐ (ṭufsānē))
* example, symbol, allegory
    Synonyms: ܬܲܚܘܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (taḥwīṯā), ܡܲܚܙܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (maḥzīṯā), ܬܲܣܠܘܼܩܵܐ (taslūqā)
* type, kind, form, figure
    Synonyms: ܕܡܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (dmūṯā), ܐܵܕ݂ܫܵܐ (āḏšā), ܙܢܵܐ (znā)

#### Derived terms

* ܡܛܲܦܸܣ (mṭappis)
* ܛܘܼܦ̮ܣܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ṭufsānāyā)
* ܩܵܐ ܛܘܼܦ̮ܣܵܐ (qā ṭufsā)
* ܪܹܝܫ ܛܘܼܦ̮ܣܵܐ (rēš ṭufsā)

## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܛܘܦܘܣ
* ܛܘܦܣ

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤupsɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [tˤupse] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܛܘܦܣܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܛܘܦܣܐ)
* example, model, mold/mould, prototype
* copy, likeness
* type, kind
* form, figure
* (geometry) shape
* symbol, allegory
* principle of faith
* edict, proscription
* (grammar) term describing root of words, mood
* wound

#### Inflection
### References

* “ṭwps”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 131b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 170a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 520a–b
# ܛܝܡܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τῑμή (tīmḗ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤiːmɑː]

### Noun

ܛܝܼܡܵܐ • (ṭīmā) f sg (plural ܛܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (ṭīmē))
* (economics, finance) price, cost (of something, asset, fare, etc)
    ܐ݇ܡܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ ܒܩܵܠܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ ܕܛܝܼܡܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ 34.50$.mīr lēh b-qālā rāmā d-ṭīmā ìlēh 34.50$.He said in a loud voice that the price is $34.50.
    ܟܘܿܬܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܸܡܐܵܐ ܕܹܝܢܵܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܒܣܸܬܘܵܐ، ܒܵܣ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ ܛܝܼܡܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܒܲܠܚܘܿܕ݂ ܚܲܡܫܝܼܢ ܕܹܝܢܵܪܹ̈ܐ ܒܩܲܝܛܵܐ.kōtīnā imˀā dēnārē ìwā b-sitwā, bās ādīyā ṭīmā ìlāh balḥōḏ ḥamšīn dēnārē b-qayṭā.The jacket was a hundred denarii in the winter, but now the price is only fifty denarii in summer.
* (by extension) an undesired consequence
    ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܓܪܝܼܫ ܠܹܗ ܛܝܼܡܵܐ ܝܲܩܘܼܪܬܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܐ.qrāḇā grīš lēh ṭīmā yaqurtā ˁal ḥayyē d-nāšē.The war took a heavy toll of human lives.
* (economics, finance) quotation
* (mathematics, computing) value of a variable
* rate, fee
    Synonym: ܐܲܓ݂ܪܵܐ (aḡrā)

#### Synonyms

* ܕ̈ܡܲܝܵܐ (dmayyā)

#### Derived terms

* ܛܝܼܡܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ṭīmūṯā, “dearness”)
* ܛܝܼܡܵܢܵܐ (ṭīmānā, “valuable, precious”)
* ܝܲܩܘܼܪ ܛܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (yaqūr ṭīmē, “expensive”, literally “heavy of prices”)
* ܡܛܲܝܸܡ (mṭayyim, “to price”)
* ܩܲܠܘܼܠ ܛܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (qalūl ṭīmē, “cheap”, literally “light of prices”)

## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܛܝܡܝ

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τῑμή (tīmḗ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤimɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [tˤime] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܛܝܡܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܛܝܡܐܐ or ܛܝܡܐ)
* honor/honour
* worth, value
* price, fee

#### Usage notes

Although feminine in the singular, ܛܝܡܐ behaves as a masculine noun in the plural.

#### Synonyms

* ܕܡܝܐ

### References

* “ṭymy”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 126a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 172b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 527a
# ܛܝܢܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Inherited from Aramaic [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤiː.naː.]

### Noun

ܛܝܼܢܵܐ • (ṭīnā) m (uncountable)
* mud, wet soil
* clay
* modeling clay, playdough

#### Usage notes

This word has a neutral connotation, not used for filth, while the word ܣܝܵܢܵܐ (syānā, “mud, mire”) is used with a negative connotation of dirtiness.

### See also

* ܥܲܦܪܵܐ (ˁaprā, “dirt, soil”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

Compare Arabic طِين (ṭīn) and Hebrew טִין (ṭîn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤinɑ]

### Noun

ܛܝܢܐ • (transliteration needed) m(uncountable)
* mud, mire, loam, clay, dirt

#### Inflection
### References

* “ṭyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 126a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 172b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 527a
# ܛܠܠܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Aramaic טללא (ṭillālā), from Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣ill- (“shadow”); compare Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill), Akkadian 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillum), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl) and Hebrew צֵל (tsél).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤɪllɑːlɑː]

### Noun

ܛܸܠܠܵܐ or ܛܸܠܵܠܵܐ • (ṭillā or ṭillālā) m (plural ܛܸܠܠܹ̈ܐ (ṭillē))
* shade
    ܝܬ݂ܝܼܒ݂ ܠܲܢ ܒܛܸܠܠܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܠܵܢܵܐ.ṯīḇ lan b-ṭillā d-īlānā.We sat in the shade of the tree.
* spectrum

#### Derived terms

* ܛܸܠܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ṭillānāyā, “shady”)
* ܛܸܠܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ṭillānīṯā, “shadow”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

Compare Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill) and Hebrew צֵל (ṣēl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤɛllɑlɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [tˤɛllɑle] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܛܠܠܐ • (ṭillālā) m (plural ܛܠܠܐ)
* shade, shadow
* likeness
* (figuratively) covering, protection

#### Inflection
### References

* “ṭll”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 126b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 175a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 533a
# ܛܠܢܝܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Derived from the noun ܛܸܠܠܵܐ (ṭillā, “shade”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [tˤɪllaːniːθaː]

### Noun

ܛܸܠܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ • (ṭillānīṯā) f (plural ܛܸܠܵܢ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ṭillānyāṯā))
* shadow, shade
    Synonym: ܫܸܡܫܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (šimšā mīṯā, literally “dead sun”)
* specter/spectre, in Assyrian folklore a genus of ghost or supernatural creatures resembling humans, said to live human-like lives, and are not inherently good or evil

#### See also

* ܫܹܐܕ݂ܵܐ (šēḏā, “demon”)
* ܠܸܠܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (lilīṯā, “Lilith, demon that kills newborns”)
* ܚܒ݂ܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥḇarṯā, “companion spirit”)

## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܛܠܘܢܝܬܐ

### Etymology

From the root ܛ ܠ ܠ related to shading.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤɛllɑniθɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [tˤɛllɑnjɑθɑ] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܛܠܢܝܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܛܠܢܝܬܐ)
* shadow, shade
* figure, image
* mirror image, reflection
* specter/spectre, demon

#### Inflection
### References

* “ṭlny”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 126b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 175b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 534a
# 鴉片薰
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): a$^1$ peng$^4$ hong$^1$ / a$^1$ peng$^4$ huong$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): a-phiàn-hun
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: a$^1$ peng$^4$ hong$^1$ [Phonetic: a$^5$ eng$^1$ ngong$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(pʰ-)}$ɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$ŋɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: a$^1$ peng$^4$ huong$^1$ [Phonetic: a$^5$ bheng$^1$ nguong$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(pʰ-)}$βɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$ŋuoŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a-phiàn-hun
*** Tâi-lô: a-phiàn-hun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aphiernhwn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /a⁴⁴⁻²² pʰiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³ pʰiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /a⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ hun⁴⁴/

### Noun

鴉片薰
* (Southern and Puxian Min) opium smoke
* (dialectal Hakka) opium

#### Synonyms

* (opium smoke): 鴉片煙／鸦片烟 (yāpiànyān)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 阿芙蓉 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鴉片, 阿片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鴉片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鴉片 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鴉片煙, 洋煙 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 大煙, 洋煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鴉片煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鴉片煙, 大煙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大煙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大煙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鴉片, 大煙, 福壽膏 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鴉片, 鴉片薰 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鴉片, 鴉片薰 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 烏煙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 洋煙 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 洋煙 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鴉片, 鴉片泥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鴉片 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鴉片 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 烏塗, 薰塗 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 烏薰, 鴉片 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鴉片煙 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鴉片, 阿芙蓉, 黑佬 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 大煙 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鴉片煙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 烏煙 |

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “阿片煙”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “鸦片薰”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
# ܝ

| ܝ | U+071D, &#1821; SYRIAC LETTER YUDH |
| ← ܜ [U+071C] | Syriac | ܞ → [U+071E] |

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

Ultimately from Phoenician 𐤉 (y, “yodh”). Compare Arabic ي (y) and Hebrew י (y).

### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: [joð]
* (sound) IPA: [j], [i], [e]

### Letter

ܝ • (transliteration needed)
* yodh, tenth letter of the Syriac alphabet

#### Coordinate terms

* Previous: ܛ
* Next: ܟ

#### Descendants

* ⇒? Old Turkic: 𐰃 (i), 𐰄 (i)
* ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰘 (y²), 𐰙 (y²)

#### See also

* ܝܘܕ

### Numeral

ܝ • (transliteration needed)
* number ten (10)

### References

* “y”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 135a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 184a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 559a
# ܝܒܡܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

Feminine form of ܝܒܡܐ (yaḇmā, “brother-in-law”), from Hebrew יָבָם (yāḇām). Compare Hebrew יְבָמָה (yəḇāmâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jəbamtɑʔ/, [ʔivamtɑ], [javm(ə)θɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [javmɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܝܒܡܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܝܒܡܬܐ, singular masculine counterpart ܝܒܡܐ)
* sister-in-law (specifically brother's wife)

#### Inflection
### References

* “ybmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 136a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 185b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 561a
# ܝܗܘܒܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܘ ܗ ܒ related to giving.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jɑhovɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [jɑhove] (plural)

### Noun

ܝܗܘܒܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܝܗܘܒܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܝܗܘܒܬܐ)
* giver, donor
* (grammar) dative case

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “giver”): ܢܣܘܒܐ

### Proper noun

ܝܗܘܒܐ • (transliteration needed) m
* (astronomy) name of a star

### References

* “yhwb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 139a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 189a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 567a
# ܝܙܕ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭲𐭩 (yzdty /⁠yazd⁠/, “god, divinity”); compare Persian ایزد (izad), Sanskrit यजत (yajata).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jazd]

### Noun

ܝܙܕ • (yazd) m
* (religion) god
    Synonym: ܐܠܗܐ (ʾalāhā)

### References

* “yzd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2013-09-11
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 140a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 570a
# ܝܠܝܕܘܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܐܝܠܝܕܘܬܐ

### Etymology

From the root ܘ ܠ ܕ related to bearing children.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jəlidutɑʔ/, [ʔiliðuθɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: /jəlidwɑtɑʔ/, [ʔiliðwɑθɑ] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܝܠܝܕܘܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܝܠܝܕܘܬܐ)
* childbirth, birth
* origin
* genealogy, ancestry, descent
* generation

#### Inflection
### References

* “ylydw”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 140b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 192b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 574b
# ܝܣܡܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from Aramaic יַסְמָא (yasmā), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾsmn'); compare Persian یاسمن (yâsaman), Sogdian 𐫝𐫀𐫢𐫖𐫗 (cʾšmn /⁠jāsmin⁠/) and other Iranian borrowings.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [jasmɑː]

### Noun

ܝܲܣܡܵܐ • (yasmā) m sg (plural ܝܲܣܡܹ̈ܐ (yasmē))
* jasmine, jessamine

#### Related terms

* ܝܵܣܡܝܼܢ (yāsmīn)

## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܝܣܡܝܢ (yasmin)
* ܝܣܡܢܓ (/⁠ysmng⁠/)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾsmn'). See Persian یاسمن (yâsaman) for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jasmɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [jasme] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܝܣܡܐ • (yasmā) m (plural ܝܣܡܐ)
* jasmine

#### Inflection
### References

* “ysmˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 188
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 142b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 194a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 577a
# ܝܪܘܪܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jɑrorɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [jɑrore] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܝܪܘܪܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܝܪܘܪܐ)
* jackal
* An umbelliferous herb, perhaps Opopanax or Ferula

#### Inflection
### References

* “yrwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 145a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 197a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 584a