# برج
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /burd͡ʒ/

#### Noun

بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان (burjān), plural بُرُوج (burūj) or أَبْرَاج (ʔabrāj))
* castle
* citadel
* tower
    بُرْج خَلِيفَة ― burj ḵalīfa ― Burj Khalifa (literally, “Khalifa Tower”)
* constellation
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:61:تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًاtabāraka llaḏī jaʕala fī s-samāʔi burūjan wajaʕala fīhā sirājan waqamaran munīranBlessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.
* spire
* asterism
* zodiac
* sign of the zodiac

##### Synonyms

* حِصْن (ḥiṣn)
* قَلْعَة (qalʕa), قِلْعَة (qilʕa)
* مَعْقِل (maʕqil)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: bürc
* → Bengali: বুরুজ (buruj)
* → Georgian: ბურჯი (burǯi)
* → Gujarati: બુરજ (buraj)
* → Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
* → Northern Kurdish: birc, برج (birc)
* → Malay: buruj
* → Maltese: borġ
* → Middle Armenian: պուրճ (purč), պուրջ (purǰ), բուրջ (burǰ)
** Armenian: բուրջ (burǰ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: برج (burc)
** Turkish: burç, burc
* → Persian: برج (borj)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬੁਰਜ (buraj)
    Shahmukhi script: برج (burj)
* → Marwari: बुरज (burj)
* → Tajik: бурҷ (burj)
* → Urdu: برج (burj)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ri.d͡ʒa/

#### Verb

بَرِجَ • (barija) I (non-past يَبْرَجُ (yabraju), verbal noun بَرَج (baraj)) (obsolete)
* to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
* to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
* to become ample in respect of eating and drinking (of one's condition)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.rad͡ʒ/

#### Noun

بَرَج • (baraj) m
* verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)

##### Declension
### References

* Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “برج”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 118
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “برج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 64b
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “برج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “برج”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 105–106
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 180
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 63

## Azerbaijani
### Noun

برج
* Alternative spelling of بۆرج

## Central Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* بورج (burc)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

### Noun

بِرج (birc)
* tower
* zodiac

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

### Noun

برج • (burc) (plural بروج or ابراج)
* tower of a castle, bastion
    Synonym: قله (kulle)
* (astronomy) constellation of the zodiac
* (astrology) zodiac sign

#### Descendants

* Turkish: burç

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “burç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 700
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “برج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 260
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Moenia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1066
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “برج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 755
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “burç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “برج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 353

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian برج.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brad͡ʒ/

### Noun

برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه (brajuna))
* tower

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [buɾd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊɾd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊɾd͡ʒ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bʊɾd͡ʒ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [buɾd͡ʒ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [boɹd͡ʒ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [buɾd͡ʒ]

### Noun

برج • (borj) (plural برج‌ها (borj-hâ) or بروج)
* steeple
* tower
    برج آزادی ― borj-e âzâdi ― Azadi Tower
* pylon
* column
* peel, keep
* fort, castle
* pinnacle
* dovecote
* star
* constellation
* zodiac
* sign of the zodiac

#### Derived terms

* برجی (borji)

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

### Noun

بُرج • (burj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੁਰਜ)
* bastion
* tower
* turret
* constellation
* sign of the zodiac

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بُرْج (burj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /burʒ/, [bʊrʒ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

برج • (burj) m (plural أبراج (ʔabrāj))
* tower
* zodiac sign

#### See also

Signs of the Zodiac · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj) :
| الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”) | التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”) | الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”) | السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”) |
| الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”) | العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”) | الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”) | العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”) |
| القوس (il-ʔōs, “Sagittarius”) | الجدي (il-jidi, “Capricorn”) | الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”) | الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”) |

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bʊɾd͡ʒ/
* Rhymes: -ʊɾd͡ʒ

### Noun

برج • (burj) m (Hindi spelling बुर्ज)
* bastion
* tower
* turret
* constellation
* sign of the zodiac