# تاج
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Parthian *𐫤𐫀𐫃 (tāg), attested in 𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃 (xʾrtʾg /⁠xārtāg⁠/, “crown of thorns”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Related to Arabic تَخْت (taḵt, “bed, couch...”), also an Iranian borrowing; and to Aramaic תָּגָא (tāḡā).
Attested as 𐢞𐢄 (tj, “crown”) (Nabatean script) in the 4th-century Namara inscription.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taːd͡ʒ/

### Noun

تَاج • (tāj) m (plural تِيجَان (tījān))
* crown
    الصِّحَّةُ تَاجٌ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْأَصِحَّاءِ لَا يَرَاهُ إِلَّا الْمَرْضَى.aṣ-ṣiḥḥatu tājun ʕalā ruʔūsi l-ʔaṣiḥḥāʔi lā yarāhu ʔillā l-marḍā.Health is a crown on the heads of the healthy, that only the ill can see.

#### Descendants

* Andalusian Arabic: تَاج
* Maltese: tieġ
* → Chagatai: تاج (taj)
** Uyghur: تاج (taj)
** Uzbek: toj
* → English: taj
* → Persian: تاج (tâj)
** → Baluchi: تاج (táj)
** → Bashkir: таж (taj)
** → Bengali: তাজ (taj)
** → Chechen: таж (taž)
** → Kazakh: тәж (täj)
** → Punjabi: ਤਾਜ (tāj)
** → Turkish: taç
** → Urdu: تاج (tāj) / Hindi: ताज (tāj)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تاج (tac)
** Turkish: taç
** → Serbo-Croatian: tȁdž/та̏џ
* → Swahili: taji

#### References

* 1 2 علی صیادانی، وام‌واژه‌های فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Persian تاج (tâj).

### Noun

تاج • (táj)
* crown

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic تَاج (tāj).

### Noun

تاج • (tac, taç)
* crown, diadem
* regal power, the position of someone who bears a crown
* (figurative) reign
* a headdress worn by various orders of dervishes, a mitre
* corolla of a flower
* chapiteau of an alembic
* the تاج التواریخ (tac üt-tevarih, “Crown of Histories”) by Sadeddin, a model for the ornatest style of literature

#### Descendants

* Turkish: taç
* → Serbo-Croatian: tȁdž/та̏џ

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَاج (tāj), from Parthian *𐫤𐫀𐫃 (*tʾg /⁠tāg⁠/, “crown”), attested in 𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃 (xʾrtʾg /⁠xārtāg⁠/, “crown of thorns”), from Old Iranian *tāga-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).
Related to Persian تخت (taxt, “bed, throne”), and akin to Old Armenian թագ (tʻag), Arabic تاج (tāj), and Aramaic תָּגָא (tāḡā), Iranian borrowings.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tɑːd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɑːd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɑːd͡ʒ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰɑːd͡ʒ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰɔːd͡ʒ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɒːd͡ʒ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɔd͡ʒ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

تاج • (tâj) (plural تاج‌ها (tâj-hâ))
* crown
* tuft

#### Descendants

* → Baluchi: تاج (táj)
* → Bashkir: таж (taj)
* → Bengali: তাজ (taj)
* → Chechen: таж (taž)
* → Kazakh: тәж (täj)
* → Punjabi: ਤਾਜ (tāj)
* → Turkish: taç
* → Urdu: تاج (tāj) / Hindi: ताज (tāj)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تاج (tāj).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t̪ɑːd͡ʒ/
* Rhymes: -ɑːd͡ʒ

### Noun

تاج • (tāj) m (Hindi spelling ताज)
* crown

## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Persian تاج (tâj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɑd͡ʒ/

### Noun

تاج • (taj) (plural تاجلار (tajlar))
* crown (royal headdress)

### Further reading

* Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN