# mula
## English
### Noun

mula (uncountable)
* Alternative spelling of moola

### Anagrams

* Luma, malu, Lamu, Ulam, luma, alum, maul

## A-Pucikwar
### Etymology

From Proto-Great Andamanese *mulə.

### Noun

mula
* egg

### References

* Juliette Blevins, Linguistic clues to Andamanese pre-history: Understanding the North-South divide, pg. 22 (2009)

## Ayutla Mixtec
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mula.

### Noun

mula
* mule

### References

* Hills O., Roberto, et al. (2004) Diccionario lulu ña̱ sanyaꞌá xiinꞌ nya̱nya̱ = Pequeño diccionario ilustrado en el mixteco de Ayutla, Gro.‎ (overall work in Ayutla Mixtec and Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 7

## Betawi
### Alternative forms

* mulè (Kota)

### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Malay mula, from Sanskrit मूल (mūla).

### Noun

mula
* start, beginning

#### Derived terms

* mulain

### Anagrams

* malu

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈmu.lə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈmu.la]

### Noun

mula f (plural mules)
* female equivalent of mul
* tree spurge
    Synonym: lleterassa
* callus
* garfish
    Synonym: agulla prima

#### Derived terms

* mulassa

### Further reading

* “mula” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Corsican
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmula/

### Etymology 1

From Latin mula, feminine of mulus.

#### Noun

mula f (masculine mulu, plural mule)
* she-mule

### Etymology 2

From its scientific name Mola mola.

#### Noun

mula f (plural mule)
* sunfish, ocean sunfish (Mola mola)

##### Synonyms

* pesciu tondu

#### References

* “mula” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmula]
* Hyphenation: mu‧la
* Rhymes: -ula

### Noun

mula f
* mule (hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)
    Synonym: mul

#### See also

* mezek

### Further reading

* “mula”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “mula”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dharug
### Alternative forms

* mulla

### Noun

mula
* man
** 1793, Watkin Tench, A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson:One of our party lifted with ease two of them from the ground, in spite of their efforts to prevent him, whereas in return, no one of them could move him. They called him ‘murree mulla’ (a large strong man).(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* Troy, Jakelin (1994). “The Sydney Language”, Macquarie Aboriginal Words. Sydney: Macquarie Library, 66.

## Dupaningan Agta
### Noun

mula
* crop; something to be planted

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūla.

### Noun

mula f (plural mules) (ORB, broad)
* female mule
    Coordinate term: mulèt m

### References

* mule in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* mula in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mūlus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 211

## Galician
### Verb

mula
* inflection of mulir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Gamilaraay
### Adjective

mula
* soft

### References

* (2006). “Gaay Garay Dhadhin, Gamilaraay and Yuwalaraay Picture Dictionary”

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mù.lá/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [mʊ̀.lə́]

### Verb

mùla (grade 3)
* (obsolete) to disappear, be gone

## Higaonon
### Verb

mula
* to plant

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay mula, from Sanskrit मूल (mūla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mula/
* Hyphenation: mu‧la

### Noun

mula (plural mula-mula)
* origin

#### Affixed terms

* bepermulaan
* bermula
* bermula-mula
* memula
* memulakan
* mula-mula
* pemula
* permulaan
* sebermula
* semula

### Further reading

* “mula” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmu.la/
* Rhymes: -ula
* Hyphenation: mù‧la

### Noun

mula f (plural mule, masculine mulo)
* she-mule

### Anagrams

* Ulma

## Latin
### Etymology

Feminine of mūlus; mūlus +‎ -a (feminine suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmuː.la/, [ˈmuːɫ̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmu.la/, [ˈmuːlä]

### Noun

mūla f (genitive mūlae); first declension
* female mule, she-mule

#### Declension

First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or -ābus).

#### Related terms

* mūlus

#### Descendants

* Aragonese: mula
* Franco-Provençal: mula
* French: mule
* Old Galician-Portuguese: mua, mũa, muha
** Fala: múa
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: mula
** Fala: mula
** Portuguese: mula
* → Old Spanish: mula
** Spanish: mula (see there for further descendants)
*** → Ayutla Mixtec: mula
*** → Taos: mùloʼóna
*** → Zacatepec Chatino: mùlyā

### References

* “mula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “mula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "mula", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmula/

### Noun

mula f (masculine mul)
* female mule

#### Declension
### Noun

mula
* inflection of mul:
** genitive/accusative singular
** nominative dual

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “mula”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “mula”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मूल (mūla).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: [mulə, -la, -laʔ]
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: [mula, -lə, -laʔ]
* Rhymes: -ula, -la, -a

### Noun

mula (Jawi spelling مولا, informal 1st possessive mulaku, 2nd possessive mulamu, 3rd possessive mulanya)
* the beginning, the start
    dari mula lagisince the beginning

#### Derived terms

* bermula
* bermula-mula
* dimulai
* dimulakan
* memulai
* memulakan
* mula-mula
* mulai
* mulakan
* pemula
* pemulaan
* permulaan
* semula

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: mula

### Verb

bermula
* (intransitive) to begin, start
    Segalanya bermula di sini.Everything begins here.

### Verb

memulakan
* (transitive) to begin, to start, to commence
    Mulakan enjin sekarang.Start your engines now.

### Further reading

* “mula” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic مَوْلَى (mawlā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuː.la/

### Noun

mula m (plural mwiel)
* (obsolete) landlord

#### Derived terms

* Mulej

## Old English
### Noun

mūla
* genitive plural of mūl

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin mūla, from mūlus + -a. Doublet of mua.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmula/
* Rhymes: -ula
* Hyphenation: mu‧la
* Homophone: Mula

### Noun

mula f (plural mulas)
* female equivalent of mulo (“female mule”)
    Synonyms: mũacha, mua

#### Descendants

* Fala: mula
* Portuguese: mula

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mula”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “mula”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus (“mule”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmula/

### Noun

mula f (plural mulas)
* mule
** 13th century, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, page 38vb:E dixo acab a abdias ue ala tr̃a por las fontanas todas de las tr̃as ⁊ por las torriẽtes quiçab trobaremos yerba ont biuan los cauallos elas mulas e nõ p̃damos las beſtias.And Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go into the land to every fountain throughout the land and to the brooks. Perhaps we will find grass on which the horses and mules can live, that we may not lose the beasts.”

#### Descendants

* Spanish: mula (see there for further descendants)
** → Ayutla Mixtec: mula
** → Taos: mùloʼóna
** → Zacatepec Chatino: mùlyā

### References

* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “mula”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mula”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “mula”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmu.la/
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: mu‧la

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

mula f
* (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

mula m animal
* genitive/accusative singular of mul

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

mula
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of muli

### Further reading

* mula in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mula, borrowed from Latin mūla, from mūlus + -a. Displaced Old Galician-Portuguese mua.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmu.lɐ/
* Rhymes: -ulɐ
* Hyphenation: mu‧la

### Noun

mula f (plural mulas)
* mule (hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)
    Coordinate term: bardoto
* (strictly, rare) female equivalent of mulo (“female mule”)
* (figuratively) a stubborn person
* (jargon) a pile of salt
* drug mule

### References

* “mula”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “mula”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “mula”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “mula”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “mula” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French mouler.

### Verb

a mula (third-person singular present mulează, past participle mulat) 1st conjugation
* to mold

#### Conjugation
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Latin mūla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mûla/
* Hyphenation: mu‧la

### Noun

mȕla f (Cyrillic spelling му̏ла)
* mule (offspring of male donkey and female horse)

#### Declension
### References

* “mula”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mùːla/

### Noun

múla f
* mule (offspring of male donkey and female horse)

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “mula”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish mula, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus (“mule”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmula/ [ˈmu.la]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: mu‧la

### Noun

mula f (plural mulas)
* female equivalent of mulo (“mule”)
* trash
* (Latin America) traitor
* (Mexico) a smart, somewhat abusive person

#### Hypernyms

* ungulado
* perisodáctilo

#### Coordinate terms

* asno
* burro
* burdégano
* caballo
* zebra

#### Derived terms

* desconfiado como mula tuerta
* mulato
* pestaña de mula

#### Descendants

* → Ayutla Mixtec: mula
* → Taos: mùloʼóna
* → Zacatepec Chatino: mùlyā

### Further reading

* “mula”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²mʉːla/
* Rhymes: -²ʉːla

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish mule, via German, from Latin mulus.

#### Noun

mula c
* mule (a generally sterile male or female hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)

##### Related terms

* mulåsna

### Etymology 2

From mule (“muzzle”).

#### Verb

mula (present mular, preterite mulade, supine mulat, imperative mula)
* (colloquial) to rub snow in someone's face
** 2006, “16-åring friad från snöbollsmisshandel [16-year-old released in court from snowball abuse]”, in Sydsvenskan‎:Kamraten sade i tingsrätten att han bara tog tag i 16-åringen och mulade honom med snö innan han släppte taget.His friend said in district court that he only grabbed the 16-year-old and rubbed snow in his face before letting go.
* (by extension, colloquial) to rub something in someone’s face
    Synonym: pula
** 2008, P J Anders Linder, “En ding, ding, ding, ding värld? [A mad, mad, mad, mad world?]”, in Svenska Dagbladet‎:Bäst som Barack Obama stod och övade segergester framför hallspegeln ringde Reuters på dörren och mulade honom med gratulationstårtan.Just as Barack Obama stood in front of his hall mirror, practicing victory gestures, Reuters called on the door and rubbed a congratulatory cake in his face.

##### Usage notes

* This verb for rubbing snow in someone’s face is known for its many dialectal synonyms, and in a survey made in 2006 by the radio programme Språket i P1, they received 95 synonyms for this word based on 5800 replies, mula being the most common one.

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

##### Synonyms

* bryna (Gotland, Värmland)
* gnosa (Västergötland)
* grosa (Västergötland)
* gura (Gothenburg)
* göra (Västergötland)
* kröna
* molla
* muddra (Roslagen)
* mulla (Uppland)
* myla (Östergötland)
* mylla (Småland)
* målla
* möla (Västergötland)
* mösa
* pesa (Finland Swedish)
* pula (Närke, Västmanland, Uppland, Hälsingland, Åland)
* purra (Jämtland, Gästrikland)
* sylta (Gothenburg)
* tryna (Värmland)

### Etymology 3

From Romani.

#### Verb

mula
* (slang) (intransitive) to die
* (slang) (transitive) to kill somebody

### References

* “Om 95 olika ord för att gnida in snö i ansiktet [About 95 different words for rubbing snow in someone’s face]”, in Språket i P1‎, Sveriges Radio, 2006 January 10, retrieved 23 October 2019
* mula in Svensk ordbok (SO)

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* mola — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit मूल (mūla, “root; origin”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /muˈlaʔ/ [mʊˈlaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: mu‧la

#### Preposition

mulâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎ)
* from
    Synonyms: galing, buhat

#### Noun

mulâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎ)
* (formal, archaic) origin
    Synonyms: orihen, pinagmulan, pinanggalingan

##### Derived terms

* magmula
* mula ngayon
* mula't mula
* mula't sapol
* mulaan
* mulang buhat
* mulang danaw
* mulang dilim
* pagmula
* pagmulan
* pamula
* panimula
* parang tao sa mula
* pinagmulan
* samula
* simula
* simulain
* simulan
* tuntong mula

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish mula, from Latin mūla.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmula/ [ˈmuː.lɐ]
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: mu‧la

#### Noun

mula (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎ)
* mule (sterile hybrid of donkey and horse)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Spanish mula, from Medieval Latin mula (“slipper, shoe with a thick sole”), presumably from classical Latin mulleus, the dyed shoe of either the patricians or senators, from Ancient Greek μύλλος (múllos).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmula/ [ˈmuː.lɐ]
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: mu‧la

#### Noun

mula (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎ)
* mule (backless shoe)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /muˈla/ [mʊˈla]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: mu‧la

#### Verb

mulá (complete nula, progressive nunula, contemplative pupula, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎ) (obsolete)
* Apheretic form of pumula: to turn red

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmulaʔ/ [ˈmuː.lɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -ulaʔ
* Syllabification: mu‧la

#### Verb

mulà (complete nula, progressive nunula, contemplative pupula, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎ) (obsolete)
* Apheretic form of pumula: to criticize

### References

* “mula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Serrano-Laktaw, Pedro (1914) Diccionario tagálog-hispano, Ateneo de Manila, page 834.

### Anagrams

* ulam, luma

## Volapük
### Noun

mula
* genitive singular of mul

## Warlpiri
### Noun

mula
* egg

## Yogad
### Noun

mulá
* a plant