# 華

| 華 | U+83EF, &#33775; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83EF |
| ← 菮 [U+83EE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菰 → [U+83F0] |
| 華 | U+FAB4, &#64180; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB4 |
| ← 荒 [U+FAB3] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 蝹 → [U+FAB5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

華 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8 in traditional Chinese, 艸+7 in mainland China and Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 廿一廿十 (TMTJ), four-corner 4450$_4$, composition ⿱艹⿻丅⿱艹二(HTV) or ⿱艹⿻亖丨(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 𠎑, 嘩(哗), 墷, 嬅(𫰡), 㠏(㟆), 𭘲, 㦊(𫺆), 撶(𫼧), 澕, 璍, 曄(晔), 𦠜, 樺(桦), 燁(烨), 皣, 瞱(𬑓), 𬒢, 䅿, 𬚦, 𧑍, 㒯, 譁, 𨅯, 鏵(铧), 鞾(𫖇), 韡(𮧵), 驊(骅), 𩻮(𫚘), 𫛓, 𪟥, 鷨(𪉊), 𡪤, 曅, 𨶱

#### Related characters

* 华 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1039, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31119
* Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3213, character 1
* Unihan data for U+83EF
* Unihan data for U+FAB4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 華 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鞾 | *qʰʷa |
| 華 | *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs |
| 譁 | *qʰʷraː |
| 樺 | *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs |
| 嘩 | *ɡʷraː |
| 驊 | *ɡʷraː |
| 鏵 | *ɡʷraː |
| 崋 | *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs |
Pictogram (象形); this was the original form of 花 (OC *hʷraː, “flower”). In the bronze inscription form, the top part of the glyph resembles flowers of a plant, and the bottom part (于) resembles its stalk and leaves. Also phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声), with 于 (OC *ɢʷa) functioning as the phonetic part. In the seal script, 艸 (“grass; plant”) was added as a semantic component.
華 (𦻏) and 𠌶 were initially the same character, but they were erroneously split in Shuowen into two entries.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huá (hua$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hua$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуа (hua, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waa$^4$ / waa$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): va$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fa$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fà
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fa$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hua$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): uǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): huà
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hôa / hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$ / ê$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gho
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fa$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huá
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huá
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^2$
*** Yale: hwá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwa
*** Palladius: хуа (xua)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hua$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xua
*** Sinological IPA : /xua²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуа (hua, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xua²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waa$^4$ / waa$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: wàh / wá
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waa$^4$ / waa$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wa$^4$ / wa$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /waː²¹/, /waː²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: va$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /va²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fa³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fà
*** Hakka Romanization System: fa$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fa$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fa¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fa$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fa¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xua¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /ua²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huà
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa
*** Tâi-lô: huâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hua²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hua¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa
*** Tâi-lô: hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaf
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /hua⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hua$^5$ / ê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ / ĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵/, /e³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gho
*** MiniDict: gho$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦo²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: fa$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɸa̠¹³/
* Middle Chinese: hwae
Rime :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸花切 |
| Baxter | hwae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣua/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waa$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʷʰˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-qʷʰˁra/ |
| English | flower (v.); flowery (adj.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 5312 |
| Phonetic component | 華 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 華 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷraː/ |
| Notes | 說文於聲 |

#### Definitions

華
* brilliance; magnificence
    光華／光华 ― guānghuá ― brilliance
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Ruòmù zài jiànmù xī, mò yǒu shí rì, qí huá zhào xiàdì. [Pinyin]
    The ruomu is west of the jianmu, and on its top are ten suns, whose brilliance shines on the earth.
* (good) times; years; period
    年華／年华 ― niánhuá ― good times
* young; youthful
* literary grace; talent for literature
* prestige; status; fame
* colourful; brilliant (especially of carvings and decorations)
* magnificent; gorgeous; resplendent
    華麗／华丽 ― huálì ― gorgeous; splendid
    From: 3rd century, 鍾會 (Zhong Hui), 孔雀賦
    Wǔsè diǎnzhù, huá yǔ cēncī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* delicious; tasty
* essence; quintessence
    含英咀華／含英咀华 ― hányīngjǔhuá ― to savour the merits of a literary work
    From: 675, Wang Bo, 滕王閣序
    Wùhuátiānbǎo, lóngguāng shè niúdǒu zhī xū. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (honorific) your; your honourable
    華誕／华诞 ― huádàn ― birthday; your birthday
* (exalted) Short for 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià): land of illustrious clothing and grand ritual—China; Chinese culture
    訪華／访华 ― fǎng huá ― to visit China
    駐華大使館／驻华大使馆 ― zhùhuá dàshǐguǎn ― embassy in China
    華僑/華人／华侨/华人 ― huáqiáo / huárén ― Chinese residing abroad
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Yì bù móu xià, yí bù luàn huá. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Short for 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
* luxuriant; flourishing; prosperous
    繁華／繁华 ― fánhuá ― prosperous
* noble; influential; eminent
* grey (of hair)
    From: 1082, Su Shi, 念奴嬌·赤壁懷古
    Gùguó shényóu, duōqíng yīng xiào wǒ, zǎo shēng huáfà. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* flashy; extravagant; showy; ostentatious; florid
    華而不實／华而不实 ― huá'érbùshí ― flashy and without substance
* face powder
    鉛華／铅华 ― qiānhuá ― lead face powder
* (historical, obsolete) cover of a carriage
* (obsolete) fruit (of a cucurbit plant)
* Alternative form of 譁 / 哗 (“noisy”)

#### Synonyms

* (China):
* 中 (abbreviation)
* 中共國 / 中共国 (zhōnggòngguó) (derogatory)
* 中原 (Zhōngyuán)
* 中國 / 中国 (Zhōngguó)
* 中華 / 中华
* 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
* 唐山 (Tángshān)
* 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
* 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
* 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
* 契弟 (qìdì) (Internet slang, derogatory)
* 德祐 (Déyòu) (Myanmar)
* 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
* 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
* 牆國 / 墙国 (qiángguó) (Taiwan, derogatory, sarcastic)
* 猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
* 祖國 / 祖国 (zǔguó)
* 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 種花家 / 种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
* 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
* 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
* 華 / 华 (abbreviation)
* 華夏 / 华夏 (Huáxià)
* 虫國 (chóngguó) (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
* 蚛蟈 / 蚛蝈 (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
* 諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
* 諸華 / 诸华 (Zhūhuá)
* 貴支 / 贵支 (guìzhī) (Mainland China, Internet slang, neologism, derogatory, sarcastic, offensive)
* 贏國 / 赢国 (Hong Kong, humorous, derogatory, sarcastic)
* 赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
* 赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

#### Compounds

* 三華聚頂 / 三华聚顶
* 中華 / 中华
* 中華人民共和國 / 中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó)
* 中華商場 / 中华商场
* 中華大學 / 中华大学
* 中華山 / 中华山 (Zhōnghuáshān)
* 中華新韻 / 中华新韵
* 中華民國 / 中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó)
* 中華民族 / 中华民族 (Zhōnghuá mínzú)
* 中華路 / 中华路 (Zhōnghuálù)
* 九華山 / 九华山 (Jiǔhuá Shān)
* 九華帳 / 九华帐 (jiǔhuázhàng)
* 二八年華 / 二八年华
* 五胡亂華 / 五胡乱华 (Wǔhúluànhuá)
* 五華 / 五华 (Wǔhuá)
* 京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá)
* 光華 / 光华 (guānghuá)
* 光華射目 / 光华射目
* 內華達 / 内华达 (Nèihuádá)
* 公西華 / 公西华
* 凝華 / 凝华 (nínghuá)
* 務實去華 / 务实去华
* 南華大學 / 南华大学
* 南華經 / 南华经 (Nánhuájīng)
* 含英咀華 / 含英咀华 (hányīngjǔhuá)
* 咀英嚼華 / 咀英嚼华
* 嘉年華會 / 嘉年华会
* 國華 / 国华 (guóhuá)
* 地望高華 / 地望高华
* 夢華 / 梦华
* 天地精華 / 天地精华
* 奢華 / 奢华 (shēhuá)
* 容華 / 容华
* 富貴榮華 / 富贵荣华
* 年華 / 年华 (niánhuá)
* 悃愊無華 / 悃愊无华
* 悔讀南華 / 悔读南华
* 愛德華島 / 爱德华岛 (Àidéhuá Dǎo)
* 愛德華湖 / 爱德华湖
* 愛荷華州 / 爱荷华州
* 才華 / 才华 (cáihuá)
* 捃華 / 捃华
* 捐華務實 / 捐华务实
* 摭華捐實 / 摭华捐实
* 新華 / 新华 (Xīnhuá)
* 新華社 / 新华社 (Xīnhuáshè)
* 日精月華 / 日精月华
* 日華 / 日华
* 昇華 / 升华 (shēnghuá)
* 昭華 / 昭华
* 月華 / 月华 (yuèhuá)
* 朱華 / 朱华
* 朱輪華轂 / 朱轮华毂
* 東華大學 / 东华大学
* 東華門 / 东华门
* 榮華 / 荣华 (rónghuá)
* 榮華富貴 / 荣华富贵 (rónghuáfùguì)
* 樸實無華 / 朴实无华 (pǔshíwúhuá)
* 樸素無華 / 朴素无华
* 樸質無華 / 朴质无华
* 步月華 / 步月华
* 歲華 / 岁华
* 水木清華 / 水木清华
* 洗淨鉛華 / 洗净铅华
* 浮華 / 浮华 (fúhuá)
* 浮華世界 / 浮华世界
* 清華 / 清华 (Qīnghuá)
* 清華園 / 清华园 (Qīnghuáyuán)
* 清華大學 / 清华大学
* 渥太華 / 渥太华 (Wòtàihuá)
* 溫哥華 / 温哥华 (Wēngēhuá)
* 物華 / 物华 (wùhuá)
* 物華天寶 / 物华天宝
* 玉華 / 玉华 (yùhuá)
* 瑤華浦 / 瑶华浦
* 瑤華音 / 瑶华音
* 白華 / 白华 (báihuá)
* 白華之怨 / 白华之怨
* 碧華 / 碧华 (bìhuá)
* 萬華 / 万华 (Wànhuá)
* 穠華 / 秾华
* 精華 / 精华 (jīnghuá)
* 紛華 / 纷华
* 繁華 / 繁华 (fánhuá)
* 繁華世界 / 繁华世界
* 翠華 / 翠华 (cuìhuá)
* 耶和華 / 耶和华 (Yēhéhuá)
* 興華 / 兴华 (Xīnghuá)
* 芬華 / 芬华
* 芳華 / 芳华 (fānghuá)
* 苕之華 / 苕之华
* 英華 / 英华
* 苕華玉 / 苕华玉
* 荳蔻年華 / 豆蔻年华 (dòukòuniánhuá)
* 華中 / 华中 (huázhōng)
* 華人 / 华人 (Huárén)
* 華倫泰節 / 华伦泰节
* 華僑 / 华侨 (huáqiáo)
* 華僑條款 / 华侨条款
* 華光 / 华光
* 華北 / 华北 (Huáběi)
* 華北平原 / 华北平原 (Huáběi Píngyuán)
* 華南 / 华南 (Huánán)
* 華嚴五祖 / 华严五祖
* 華嚴宗 / 华严宗
* 華嚴經 / 华严经
* 華埠 / 华埠 (huábù)
* 華夏 / 华夏 (Huáxià)
* 華宗 / 华宗
* 華容 / 华容 (Huáróng)
* 華屋 / 华屋
* 華屋丘墟 / 华屋丘墟
* 華屋山丘 / 华屋山丘
* 華工 / 华工 (huágōng)
* 華年 / 华年 (huánián)
* 華府 / 华府 (Huáfǔ)
* 華彩 / 华彩 (huácǎi)
* 華志 / 华志
* 華文 / 华文 (Huáwén)
* 華族 / 华族 (huázú)
* 華東 / 华东 (Huádōng)
* 華格納 / 华格纳 (Huágénà)
* 華梵大學 / 华梵大学
* 華氏 / 华氏 (Huáshì)
* 華氏溫度計 / 华氏温度计
* 華氏溫標 / 华氏温标
* 華沙 / 华沙 (Huáshā)
* 華沙公約 / 华沙公约
* 華清宮 / 华清宫
* 華燈 / 华灯 (huádēng)
* 華燈初上 / 华灯初上
* 華爾滋 / 华尔滋
* 華爾茲 / 华尔兹 (huá'ěrzī)
* 華爾街 / 华尔街 (Huá'ěrjiē)
* 華甸 / 华甸
* 華界 / 华界
* 華盛頓 / 华盛顿 (Huáshèngdùn)
* 華視 / 华视 (Huáshì)
* 華簪 / 华簪
* 華絲葛 / 华丝葛
* 華美 / 华美
* 華翰 / 华翰
* 華而不實 / 华而不实 (huá'érbùshí)
* 華胥 / 华胥 (Huáxū)
* 華胄 / 华胄 (huázhòu)
* 華胥世 / 华胥世
* 華胥之夢 / 华胥之梦
* 華胥調 / 华胥调
* 華腴 / 华腴
* 華膴 / 华𰮇
* 華興會 / 华兴会
* 菁華 / 菁华 (jīnghuá)
* 華萊士 / 华莱士 (Huáláishì)
* 華蓋 / 华盖 (huágài)
* 華表 / 华表 (huábiǎo)
* 華表鶴歸 / 华表鹤归
* 華裔 / 华裔 (huáyì)
* 華西 / 华西
* 華語 / 华语 (Huáyǔ)
* 華誕 / 华诞 (huádàn)
* 華豔 / 华艳
* 華貴 / 华贵 (huáguì)
* 華辭 / 华辞 (huácí)
* 華農東 / 华农东 (Huánóngdōng)
* 華農西 / 华农西 (Huánóngxī)
* 華里 (huálǐ)
* 華鎣 / 华蓥 (Huáyíng)
* 華陽國志 / 华阳国志
* 華靡 / 华靡 (huámǐ)
* 華頂峰 / 华顶峰
* 華髮 / 华发 (huáfà)
* 華鬘 / 华鬘
* 華鬢 / 华鬓
* 華麗 / 华丽 (huálì)
* 虛華 / 虚华 (xūhuá)
* 裳裳者華 / 裳裳者华
* 詞華 / 词华 (cíhuá)
* 詞華典贍 / 词华典赡
* 豆蔻年華 / 豆蔻年华 (dòukòuniánhuá)
* 豐華 / 丰华
* 豪華 / 豪华 (háohuá)
* 豪華車 / 豪华车
* 踵事增華 / 踵事增华
* 辱承華翰 / 辱承华翰
* 逸景華庭 / 逸景华庭 (Yìjǐnghuátíng)
* 遙遙華胄 / 遥遥华胄
* 郭華情罪 / 郭华情罪
* 重華 / 重华
* 重華宮 / 重华宫
* 金色年華 / 金色年华
* 金華 / 金华 (Jīnhuá)
* 金華殿語 / 金华殿语
* 鉛華 / 铅华 (qiānhuá)
* 錦瑟華年 / 锦瑟华年
* 雍容華貴 / 雍容华贵
* 雲華 / 云华
* 露華 / 露华 (lùhuá)
* 章華 / 章华
* 韶華 / 韶华 (sháohuá)
* 韶華如駛 / 韶华如驶
* 風華 / 风华 (fēnghuá)
* 風華正茂 / 风华正茂 (fēnghuázhèngmào)
* 風華絕代 / 风华绝代
* 黛綠年華 / 黛绿年华
* 黜華 / 黜华
* 龍華山 / 龙华山 (Lónghuáshān)
* 龍華會 / 龙华会

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 華(か) (ka)
* → Korean: 화(華) (hwa)
* → Vietnamese: hoa (華)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huā (hua$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): faa$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): va$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huā
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hua
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^1$
*** Yale: hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hua
*** Palladius: хуа (xua)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faa$^1$
*** Yale: fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /faː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: va$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /va³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huă
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa
*** Tâi-lô: hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hua³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hue
*** Sinological IPA : /hue³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ho
*** MiniDict: ho$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ho⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: xwae
Rime :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 呼瓜切 |
| Baxter | xwae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /xua/ |
| Wang Li | /xwa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷʰˁra/ |
| English | flower (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 5308 |
| Phonetic component | 華 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 華 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷraː/ |

#### Definitions

華
* Alternative form of 花 (huā, “flower; blossom”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Huánghuáng zhě huá, yú bǐ yuán xí. [Pinyin]
    Brilliant are the flowers, On those level heights and the low grounds.
* to flower; to blossom
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xī wǒ wǎng yǐ, shǔjì fāng huā. [Pinyin]
    When we were marching at first, The millets were in flower.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Tóng shǐ huā, tiánshǔ huàwéi rú, hóng shǐ xiàn, píng shǐ shēng. [Pinyin]
    The Elaeococca begins to flower. Moles are transformed into quails. Rainbows begin to appear. Duckweed begins to grow.
* (traditional Chinese medicine) flower pulse; weak pulse
* to be dim-sighted; to be dazzled
* to dissect; to cut up

#### Compounds

* 九華 / 九华
* 優曇華 / 优昙华
* 寒木春華 / 寒木春华
* 春華 / 春华
* 春華秋實 / 春华秋实
* 枯楊生華 / 枯杨生华
* 枯樹生華 / 枯树生华
* 棣華 / 棣华
* 法華三昧 / 法华三昧
* 法華器 / 法华器
* 法華宗 / 法华宗
* 法華文句 / 法华文句
* 法華玄義 / 法华玄义
* 法華經 / 法华经
* 狂華 / 狂华
* 瑤華 / 瑶华
* 皇皇者華 / 皇皇者华
* 繁華損枝 / 繁华损枝
* 舜華 / 舜华
* 華池 / 华池 (Huáchí)
* 華萼 / 华萼
* 華鄂 / 华鄂
* 蓮華衣 / 莲华衣
* 襛華 / 𰳺华
* 賁華 / 贲华
* 銜華佩實 / 衔华佩实

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huà (hua$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waa$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): va$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hòa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huà
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huà
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^4$
*** Yale: hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huah
*** Palladius: хуа (xua)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waa$^6$
*** Yale: wah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wa$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waː²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: va$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /va³²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huá
*** Sinological IPA : /huɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòa
*** Tâi-lô: huà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hua²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hua¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hua$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hwaeH
Rime :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡化切 |
| Baxter | hwaeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠua$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣua$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣua$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waa$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤra-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwæ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁra-s/ |
| English | [name of a mountain] |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 華 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 5316 |
| Phonetic component | 華 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 摦 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷraːs/ |
| Notes | 華山、同崋 |

#### Definitions

華
* (～山) Mount Hua (a mountain in Shaanxi)
* Original form of 樺／桦 (huà, “birch”).
* a surname
    華羅庚／华罗庚 ― Huà Luógēng ― Hua Luogeng (mathematician)
    華佗／华佗 ― Huà Tuó ― Hua Tuo (Han Dynasty physician)

#### Compounds

* 太華山 / 太华山
* 華亭鶴唳 / 华亭鹤唳
* 華佗再世 / 华佗再世
* 華家河 / 华家河 (Huàjiāhé)
* 華封三祝 / 华封三祝
* 華山 / 华山 (Huà Shān)
* 華山碑 / 华山碑
* 華岳 / 华岳
* 華嶽 / 华岳
* 華祝三多 / 华祝三多
* 華陰 / 华阴 (Huàyīn, “Huayin”)

### References

* “華”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 華 |
| Kyūjitai | 華󠄂 華+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| Kyūjitai | 華󠄃 華+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* flower
* flashiness
* brilliance, shine
* beauty, splendor
* fine, white powder
* China, Chinese
* sixty-one-year-old; kanreki

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 華 (MC xwae); compare Mandarin 華 / 华 (huā):
* Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 華 (MC hwae); compare Mandarin 華 / 华 (huá):
* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 華 (MC hwaeH); compare Mandarin 華 / 华 (huà):
* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: はな (hana, 華, Jōyō)、はなさく (hanasaku, 華さく)、はなやか (hanayaka, 華やか)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、てる (teru)、は (ha)、はな (hana)、はる (haru)

#### Compounds

* 華夷(かい) (Kai)
* 華僑(かきょう) (Kakyō)
* 華語(かご) (Kago)
* 華甲(かこう) (kakō)
* 華字(かじ) (kaji)
* 華奢(かしゃ) (kasha), 華奢(きゃしゃ) (kyasha)
* 華(か)燭(しょく) (kashoku, “bright light”)
* 華人(かじん) (Kajin)
* 華族(かぞく) (kazoku)
* 華道(かどう) (kadō)
* 華美(かび) (kabi)
* 華府(かふ) (Kafu)
* 華麗(かれい) (karei)
* 華盛頓(ワシントン) (Washinton)
* 優曇華(うどんげ) (udonge) : udumbara
* 栄華(えいが) (eiga)
* 豪華(ごうか) (gōka)
* 香華(こうげ) (kōge)
* 国華(こっか) (kokka)
* 散華(さんげ) (sange) : (Buddhism) rite of scattering flowers
* 精華(せいか) (seika)
* 中華(ちゅうか) (Chūka)
* 日華(にっか) (nikka)
* 繁華(はんか) (hanka)
* 浮華(ふか) (fuka)
* 法華(ほっけ) (Hokke), 法華(ほけ) (Hoke)
* 万華鏡(まんげきょう) (mangekyō)
* 由華(ゆか) (Yuka) : a female given name
* 蓮華(れんげ) (renge)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 華
* か Grade: S
* kan'on
/kua/ → /kʷa/ → /ka/
From Middle Chinese 華 (MC hwae).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠]
* Some dictionaries apparently classify this reading as either goon or kan'yōon.

#### Noun

華(か) • (ka)
* flashiness, showiness
    Synonym: 虚飾 (kyoshoku)

##### Idioms

* 華(か)を去(さ)り実(じつ)に就(つ)く (ka o sari jitsu ni tsuku)

#### Proper noun

華(か) • (Ka)
* a surname
* a male or female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 華
* はな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はな [hànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ha̠na̠]
For pronunciation and definitions of 華 – see the following entry. :
| 【花はな】1 | [noun] a flower [noun] Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement [noun] Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards [noun] the best days of one's life [noun] the best thing [noun] essence |
(This term, 華, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Derived terms

* 華華(はなばな) (hanabana), 華々(はなばな) (hanabana)
* 華(はな)めく (hanameku)
* 華(はな)やか (hanayaka)
* 華(はな)やぐ (hanayagu)
* 華岡(はなおか) (Hanaoka)
* 議会(ぎかい)の華(はな) (gikai no hana)
* 国(くに)の華(はな) (kuni no hana)
* 波(なみ)の華(はな) (nami no hana)
* 水(みず)の華(はな) (mizu no hana)
* 湯(ゆ)の華(はな) (yu no hana)

#### Idiom

* 火事(かじ)と喧嘩(けんか)は江戸(えど)の華(はな) (kaji to kenka wa Edo no hana)

#### Proverb

* 枯木(こぼく)華(はな)開(ひら)く (koboku hana hiraku)

#### Proper noun

華(はな) • (Hana)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* ↑ “華”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital)
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [화]

### Hanja

Wikisource 華 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)
* bright; colorful

## Vietnamese
### Han character

華: Hán Việt readings: hoa (戶(hộ)花(hoa)切(thiết))
華: Nôm readings: hoa
* chữ Hán form of Hoa (“Hoa people”).

#### Compounds

* 華夏 (hoa hạ)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).