# 享

| 享 | U+4EAB, &#20139; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAB |
| ← 亪 [U+4EAA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 京 → [U+4EAC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

享 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓木 (YRND), four-corner 0040$_7$, composition ⿳亠口子)

#### Derived characters

* 㝇, 郭, 孰, 敦, 㝄, 鶉(鹑), 嚲
* 啍, 埻, 崞, 弴, 惇, 㨃, 淳, 䧐, 㬀, 朜, 椁, 焞, 犉, 稕, 䇏, 綧(𬘯), 蜳, 諄(谆), 醇, 錞(𬭚), 鞟, 韕, 鯙, 䵍
* 𫢷, 𭂓, 𱙛, 𬍳, 𥇜, 𥚠, 𧩽, 𡦛, 𱀟, 𣋄, 𪂎, 𪑒
* 𫨿, 𣮢, 𢻓, 𭣸, 𡥹, 𤭞, 𮋈, 𡦚, 𨿡, 𠆔, 𡦟, 𠆓, 𢨊, 𡦨, 𡦡, 𪧃, 𧰄, 𪏆, 𤰎, 𠆞, 𨟞, 𰼁
* 𬝇, 𠩭, 𪸿, 𫣬, 𱬉, 𡭅, 𪹱, 𬴻

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 298
* Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 8
* Unihan data for U+4EAB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 享 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj13528j13529j13530j13531j13532j13533j13534j13535j13536j13537j13538j13539j13540j13541j13542Bronze inscriptionsb08333b08334b08335b08336b08337b08338b08339b08340b08341b08342b08343b08344b08345b08346b08347b08348b08349b08350b08351b08352b08353b08354b08355b08356b08357b08358b08359b08360b08361b08362b08363b08364b08365b08366b08367b08368b08369b08370b08371b08372b08373b08374b08375b08376b08377b08378b08379b08380b08381b08382b08383b08384b08385b08386b08387b08388b08389b08390b08391b08392b08393b08394b08395b08396b08397b08398b08399b08400b08401b08402b08403b08404b08405b08406b08408b08409b08410b08411b08412b08413b08414b08415b08416b08417Small seal scripts03838s03839Transcribed ancient scriptsL35082L35083L35084L35085L35086L17490L17491L17492L17493L17494L17495L17496L17497L17498L17499L17500L17501L17502L17503L17504L17505L17506L17507 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 亨 | *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ |
| 享 | *qʰaŋʔ |
| 烹 | *pqʰraːŋ |
| 脝 | *qʰraːŋ |
| 悙 | *qʰraːŋ |
| 哼 | *qʰraːŋ |
An ancestral shrine. See also 亯 and 亨. Unrelated to 郭.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎng (xiang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hióng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiōng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hióng / hiáng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^3$
*** Yale: syǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoeng$^2$
*** Yale: héung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hióng
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiōng
*** Sinological IPA : /hyoŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hióng
*** Tâi-lô: hióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiorng
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáng
*** Tâi-lô: hiáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiarng
*** IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiáng
*** Sinological IPA : /hiaŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: xjangX
Rime :
| Character | 享 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許兩切 |
| Baxter | xjangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoeng$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ˤraŋ/, /*[qʰ]aŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 享 | 享 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎng | xiǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xæng › | ‹ xjang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[qʰ]ˁraŋ/ (W dialect) | /*[qʰ]aŋʔ/ |
| English | penetrate | offer in sacrifice; food offering |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 享 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5112 |
| Phonetic component | 亨 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 響 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文亯或體 |

### Definitions

享
* to enjoy
* (obsolete) to offer (to a superior); to present; to pay (a tribute)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xī yǒu chéng Tāng, zì bǐ Dǐ Qiāng, mò gǎn bùlái xiǎng, mò gǎn bùlái wáng, yuē Shāng shì cháng. [Pinyin]
    Formerly, in the time of Tang the Successful, even from the Qiang and Di, they dared not but come with their offerings; [their chiefs] dared not but come to seek the king's acknowledgment: such is the regular rule of Shang.'

### Compounds

* 享受 (xiǎngshòu)
* 享國 / 享国 (xiǎngguó)
* 享堂 (xiǎngtáng)
* 享壽 / 享寿 (xiǎngshòu)
* 享宴
* 享年 (xiǎngnián)
* 享御
* 享有 (xiǎngyǒu)
* 享樂 / 享乐 (xiǎnglè)
* 享樂主義 / 享乐主义 (xiǎnglè zhǔyì)
* 享殿
* 享用 (xiǎngyòng)
* 享福 (xiǎngfú)
* 享譽 / 享誉 (xiǎngyù)
* 來享 / 来享
* 共享 (gòngxiǎng)
* 共享軟體 / 共享软体 (gòngxiǎng ruǎntǐ)
* 分享 (fēnxiǎng)
* 坐享 (zuòxiǎng)
* 坐享其成 (zuòxiǎngqíchéng)
* 安享 (ānxiǎng)
* 安享天年
* 安享餘年 / 安享余年
* 廟享 / 庙享
* 有福同享
* 民享 (mínxiǎng)
* 獨享 / 独享 (dúxiǎng)
* 獨享權益 / 独享权益
* 祭享
* 賓享 / 宾享
* 配享

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: hưởng (享)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to enjoy
* to receive
* to undergo
* to answer (the phone)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kun: うける (ukeru, 享ける)、すすめる (susumeru)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 享 (MC *xjangX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 햐ᇰ〯 (Yale: hyǎng) | 햐ᇰ〯 (Yale: hyǎng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 졔ᄉᆞ (Yale: cyeyso) | 향 (Yale: hyang) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ça̠(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [향(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 享 (eumhun 누릴 향 (nuril hyang))
* hanja form of 향 (“to enjoy”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 향년 (享年, hyangnyeon)
* 향락 (享樂, hyangnak)
* 향수 (享受, hyangsu)
* 향유 (享有, hyang'yu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

享: Hán Nôm readings: hưởng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.