# facies
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin faciēs (“form, configuration, figure; face, visage, countenance”). Doublet of face.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfeɪ.ʃi.iːz/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈfeɪ.ʃiˌiz/, /ˈfeɪ.ʃiz/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃiiːz, -eɪʃiːz

#### Noun

facies (countable and uncountable, plural facies)
* General appearance.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 6:The Chilean Amphijubula Schust. (Schuster, 1970a) which has the facies of a small Frullania and agrees with Frullania in leaf insertion and branching, has a nontiered seta with 16 epidermal cell rows surrounding 4 inner rows.
* (medicine) Facial features, like an expression or complexion, typical for patients having certain diseases or conditions.
    Hyponyms: masked facies, moon facies
    costive facies
* (geology) A body of rock with specified characteristics reflecting its formation, composition, age, and fossil content.
    Hyponyms: biofacies, lithofacies, microfacies, ichnofacies, taphofacies

##### Derived terms

* facies Hippocratica
* Williams elfin facies syndrome

#### References

* “facies”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “facies”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Etymology 2

From facie +‎ -s.

#### Noun

facies
* plural of facie

### Anagrams

* Scaife

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* facia (late)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fakjēs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, set, put, impose, place”); faciēs is to faciō as speciēs is to speciō, literally meaning "a make, imposed form".

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfa.ki.eːs/, [ˈfäkieːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfa.t͡ʃi.es/, [ˈfäːt͡ʃies]

### Noun

faciēs f (genitive faciēī); fifth declension
* (in general) make, form, shape, figure, configuration
    Synonyms: speciēs, frōns, fōrma, habitus
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 12.891:verte omnes tete in faciesresort to every expedient(literally, “change yourself in every shape”)
* (usually Classical Latin) (in particular) face, countenance, visage
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
* (figuratively, Classical Latin) external form, look, condition, appearance
    in faciem + (genitive) ― like, in the guise of
** (in particular) external appearance as opposed to reality; pretence, pretext
** (transferred sense, poetic) look, sight, aspect
    Synonym: speciēs
* beauty, loveliness
    Synonyms: pulchritūdō, decus, decor

#### Inflection

Fifth-declension noun.
Old Genitive: faciēs
Gellius: vocabulum facies hoc modo declinatur: "haec facies, huius facies", quod nunc propter rationem grammaticam "faciei" dicitur

#### Derived terms

* bonifaciēs
* facitergium
* superficiēs

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: fache, facci (Campidanese, still meaning "face")
* Italo-Romance:
** Sicilian: facci
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: faç
** Old Occitan: fatz
* Ibero-Romance
** Extremaduran: hazi
** Mozarabic: ڢاج (fāja)
** Old Galician-Portuguese: façe, faz
*** Galician: face
*** Portuguese: face
** Old Spanish: faz
*** Spanish: haz, faz
* Borrowings:
** → English: facies
** → French: faciès
** → Portuguese: fácies
** → Spanish: facies
Reflexes of the late variant facia:
* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: fatsã
** Romanian: față
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Italian: faccia (see there for further descendants)
** Venetan: fazza, faça, fasa (see there for further descendants)
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: face
** Romansch: fatscha
* Gallo-Italic:
** Lombard: fassa
** Piedmontese: fassa, fàssia
** Romagnol: fàza
* Gallo-Romance:
** Occitan: fàcia
** Old French: face, fache (northern)
*** Middle French: face
**** French: face
*** Norman: fache, fach (Sark)
*** → Middle English: face (see there for further descendants)
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: faqe

### Verb

faciēs
* second-person singular future active indicative of faciō

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “faciō, -ere (> Derivatives > faciēs)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “face”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Further reading

* “facies”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “facies”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* facies in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
* "facies", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* facies in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “facies”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 355

## Spanish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin faciēs. Doublet of faz and haz.

### Noun

facies f (plural facies)
* facies

### Further reading

* “facies”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10