# fio
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈfi.u]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈfi.o]

### Verb

fio
* first-person singular present indicative of fiar

## Esperanto

Greek Alphabet :
| Φφ | Previous: | upsilono |
| Φφ | Next: | ĥio |

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek φῖ (phî, “the letter Φ”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈfio]
* Rhymes: -io
* Hyphenation: fi‧o

### Noun

fio (accusative singular fion, plural fioj, accusative plural fiojn)
* phi

## Galician
### Verb

fio
* (reintegrationist norm) first-person singular present indicative of fiar

## Italian
### Etymology

From Old French fieu (“fief”), from Frankish *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“livestock”).

### Noun

fio m (plural fii)
* retribution
* penalty

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fuiō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Compare with fuī, originally the perfect of this verb but now attached to sum (“I am”); and constructions with -bō, -bam (e.g. amābō, placēbō, nocēbō, monēbam, audiēbam).
The past participle is that of the unrelated verb faciō (“I make, do”). In Latin faciō and fīō were treated as the active and passive equivalents of each other, an example of suppletion.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfiː.oː/, [ˈfiːoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfi.o/, [ˈfiːo]
Note: the i in fi- is pronounced long, except when it is followed by er or en.

### Verb

fīō (present infinitive fierī, perfect active factus sum); third conjugation, suppletive, semi-deponent, no future active participle, irregular long ī
* passive of faciō
* (copulative) to become, be made
    Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīātis ― We are begging you to become very keen students
* to happen, take place, result, arise
    Synonyms: interveniō, ēveniō, obveniō, expetō, obtingō, incurrō, accēdō, incidō, accidō, intercidō, contingō
    ut fit ― as happens usually/as is customary
    fit ut ― it happens that
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.13:silentium et repentina fit quiesA stillness and a sudden hush took place
* to appear
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.10:fit obvius cum exercitu RomulusRomulus appeared with his army

#### Usage notes

This verb ousted facior, facī in the sense of “to be made”; see also at its active counterpart faciō.

#### Conjugation

While it does have a fourth conjugation pattern when conjugated, this verb has an irregular infinitive (fierī), and is therefore third conjugation.

### Verb

fīō
* first-person singular present passive indicative of faciō

#### Related terms

* faciō
* fīat lūx
* fīat jūstitia ruat cælum

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance (blended with sum):
** Aromanian: hiu
** Istro-Romanian: fi
** Megleno-Romanian: săm, iri
** Romanian: fi
* Italo-Romance (occasionally blended with sum):
** Old Italian: fire (northern)
* Borrowings:
** → English: fiat

### References

* “fio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33) the world of sense, the visible world: res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36) what is the use of: quid attinet? with Infin. those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23) to give lectures: scholas habere, explicare (Fin. 2. 1. 1) subtleties of logic; dilemmas: disserendi spinae (Fin. 4. 28. 79) premises; consequences: prima (superiora); consequentia (Fin. 4. 19. 54) to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1) to get a question submitted to one: quaestionem poscere (Fin. 2. 1. 1) native tongue; vernacular: sermo patrius (Fin. 1. 2. 4) to dedicate a book to some one: librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8) kindheartedness: bonitas (Fin. 5. 29. 65) to be blinded by passions: cupiditatibus occaecari (Fin. 1. 10. 33) meagre diet: victus tenuis (Fin. 2. 28. 90) the main dish: caput cenae (Fin. 2. 8. 25) to live in solitude: in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65) an anecdote: narratiuncula, fabella (Fin. 5. 15) to prescribe in one's will: testamento aliquid cavere (Fin. 2. 31) banished from public life: gerendis negotiis orbatus (Fin. 5. 20. 57) the senate decrees to Africanus the honours of a triumph: triumphum senatus Africano decernit (Fin. 4. 9. 22) (ambiguous) to meet some one by chance: obvium or obviam esse, obviam fieri (ambiguous) what will become of him: quid illo fiet? (ambiguous) to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare (ambiguous) to be the talk of the town, a scandal: fabulam fieri (ambiguous) to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere (ambiguous) what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37) (ambiguous) to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish: voti damnari, compotem fieri (ambiguous) what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit? (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut solet, ut fieri solet (ambiguous) the price of corn is going down: annona laxatur, levatur, vilior fit (ambiguous) what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet? (ambiguous) a resolution of the senate (not opposed by a tribunicial veto) was made: senatus consultum fit (Att. 2. 24. 3) (ambiguous) some one is accused: aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54)
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 146
* Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Galicia) IPA: /ˈfi.o/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfi.ʊ/
* Rhymes: -io

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin fīlum. Cognate with Old Spanish filo and Old French fil.

#### Noun

fio m (plural fioss)
* thread, string

##### Derived terms

* a fio

##### Related terms

* fiar

##### Descendants

* Galician: fío
* Portuguese: fio

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fio
* first-person singular present indicative of fiar

### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "fio"

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfi.u/, /ˈfiw/ [ˈfiʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfi.u/
* (Lisbon) IPA: /ˈfiw/
* Rhymes: -iu
* Hyphenation: fi‧o

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fio, from Latin fīlum. Compare Galician fío and Spanish filo, hilo.

#### Noun

fio m (plural fios)
* (textiles) thread
* string
* trickle (a very thin flow)
    fio de água ― water trickle
    fio de azeite ― olive oil drizzle
* edge (thin cutting side of a blade)
    Synonym: gume
    fio da navalha ― razor's edge
* (jewelry) chain
* (electronics) wire

##### Derived terms

* afiar
* desfiar
* fiar
* fio condutor
* fio da navalha
* fio dental
* fiozinho

##### Related terms

* afilar
* desfilar
* desfile
* fila
* filamento
* filé
* fileira
* filele
* filete

### Etymology 2

Semantic loan from English thread.

#### Noun

fio m (plural fios)
* (Brazil, Internet slang) thread (series of messages, generally grouped by subject)

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fio
* first-person singular present indicative of fiar

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

fio m (plural fio or fios, feminine fia, feminine plural fia or fias)
* Pronunciation spelling of filho, representing Caipira Portuguese.
** É, professora, meu fio não aguentou as gozações da mininada. Eu tentei fazê ele continuá, mas não teve jeito. Ele tava chateado demais.Welp, teacher, ma son couldn't handle the children's pranks. I tried ta make 'im stay there, but there was no talkin' him out of it. He was just too upset.
* Pronunciation spelling of filhos, representing Caipira Portuguese.
** (Can we date this quote?), Wulcino Teixeira de Carvalho, Bravuras E Bravatas De Um Caipira:Ele jurô pur Deus, pela sarvação da árma da mãe dele... [...] qui os fio dele pudia nascer tudo morto, se aquilo num fosse vredade... só aí qui uns gato-pingado resorvêro acriditar.He swore ta God, to the salvation o' the soul of his Ma... ... 'n that may his children all arrive stillborn if it wern't troo... only den did some very few people dicide to believe 'im.

## Romansch
### Etymology

From Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).

### Noun

fio m (plural fios)
* (anatomy, Puter) liver

#### Synonyms

* (Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader) gnirom
* (Surmiran) nirom
* (Puter) gniram
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) dir
* (Surmiran) deir

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfjo/ [ˈfjo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: fio

### Verb

fio
* third-person singular preterite indicative of fiar