# turha
## Finnish
### Etymology

Unknown. Cognate with Ingrian turha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈturhɑ/, [ˈt̪urhɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -urhɑ
* Hyphenation: tur‧ha

### Adjective

turha (comparative turhempi, superlative turhin)
* futile, in vain (incapable of producing results)
    Synonyms: hyödytön, tulokseton, tarpeeton
    Hänen ponnistelunsa osoittautuivat turhaksi.His efforts proved futile.
    Työmme ei ollut turhaa.Our work was not in vain.
** 1992, Timo Koivusalo (lyrics and music), “Kuurankukka”, in Joel Hallikainen, performed by Joel Hallikainen:Turhaa, aivan turhaa On jälkiänsä käydä seuraamaan(It's) futile, all too futile to start following one's own footsteps
* pointless, useless, unnecessary, purposeless, needless (lacking purpose or need)
    Synonyms: tarpeeton, tarkoitukseton
    Hän aloitti kantansa perustelun, vaikka tiesikin sen turhaksi.He began backing up his opinion, although he knew it was pointless.
    Miten niin tämä on turha ostos?How is this an useless purchase?
    Jättämällä turhat lisävarusteet pois säästää rahaa.You can save money by leaving out unnecessary accessories.
* unfounded, unjustified (lacking justification)
    Synonyms: aiheeton, perusteeton, tarpeeton
    Joukkue osoitti aiemmat epäilykset tasostaan turhiksi.The team proved that earlier doubts about their level were unfounded.
* uncalled-for, unwarranted (not deserved or justified)
    Synonym: kohtuuton
    Tuo oli aivan turha kommentti.That comment was completely unwarranted.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of turha (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
turhani
turhani
accusative
nom.
turhani
turhani
gen.
turhani
genitive
turhani
turhieni turhaini $^{rare}$
partitive
turhaani
turhiani
inessive
turhassani
turhissani
elative
turhastani
turhistani
illative
turhaani
turhiini
adessive
turhallani
turhillani
ablative
turhaltani
turhiltani
allative
turhalleni
turhilleni
essive
turhanani
turhinani
translative
turhakseni
turhikseni
abessive
turhattani
turhittani
instructive
comitative
—turhineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
turhasi
turhasi
accusative
nom.
turhasi
turhasi
gen.
turhasi
genitive
turhasi
turhiesi turhaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
turhaasi
turhiasi
inessive
turhassasi
turhissasi
elative
turhastasi
turhistasi
illative
turhaasi
turhiisi
adessive
turhallasi
turhillasi
ablative
turhaltasi
turhiltasi
allative
turhallesi
turhillesi
essive
turhanasi
turhinasi
translative
turhaksesi
turhiksesi
abessive
turhattasi
turhittasi
instructive
comitative
—turhinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
turhamme
turhamme
accusative
nom.
turhamme
turhamme
gen.
turhamme
genitive
turhamme
turhiemme turhaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
turhaamme
turhiamme
inessive
turhassamme
turhissamme
elative
turhastamme
turhistamme
illative
turhaamme
turhiimme
adessive
turhallamme
turhillamme
ablative
turhaltamme
turhiltamme
allative
turhallemme
turhillemme
essive
turhanamme
turhinamme
translative
turhaksemme
turhiksemme
abessive
turhattamme
turhittamme
instructive
comitative
—turhinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
turhanne
turhanne
accusative
nom.
turhanne
turhanne
gen.
turhanne
genitive
turhanne
turhienne turhainne $^{rare}$
partitive
turhaanne
turhianne
inessive
turhassanne
turhissanne
elative
turhastanne
turhistanne
illative
turhaanne
turhiinne
adessive
turhallanne
turhillanne
ablative
turhaltanne
turhiltanne
allative
turhallenne
turhillenne
essive
turhananne
turhinanne
translative
turhaksenne
turhiksenne
abessive
turhattanne
turhittanne
instructive
comitative
—turhinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
turhansa
turhansa
accusative
nom.
turhansa
turhansa
gen.
turhansa
genitive
turhansa
turhiensa turhainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
turhaansa
turhiaan turhiansa
inessive
turhassaan turhassansa
turhissaan turhissansa
elative
turhastaan turhastansa
turhistaan turhistansa
illative
turhaansa
turhiinsa
adessive
turhallaan turhallansa
turhillaan turhillansa
ablative
turhaltaan turhaltansa
turhiltaan turhiltansa
allative
turhalleen turhallensa
turhilleen turhillensa
essive
turhanaan turhanansa
turhinaan turhinansa
translative
turhakseen turhaksensa
turhikseen turhiksensa
abessive
turhattaan turhattansa
turhittaan turhittansa
instructive
comitative
—turhineen turhinensa :

#### Derived terms

* turhaan
* turhaantua
* turhake
* turhamainen
* turhanaikainen
* turhanpäiten
* turhanpäiväinen
* turhantarkka
* turhantärkeä
* turhauma
* turhauttaa
* turhautua
* turhentaa
* turhuus

### Further reading

* “turha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* rahtu

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From dialectal Transylvanian Hungarian torha (“soft, rotten, putrid”), ultimately of uncertain origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈturɦɒ]
* Hyphenation: tur‧ha
* Rhymes: -hɒ

### Noun

turha (plural turhák)
* (slang) dense saliva mixed with phlegm or nasal mucus, sputum
    Synonym: slejm
    Ülök a buszon, erre mellettem a fazon az ülésre keni a turháját, majdnem összehánytam magam tőle. ― I'm sitting on the bus, when the dude next to me smears his sputum on the seat, I almost vomited because of him.
** 1922, Zsigmond Móricz, chapter VII, in Tündérkert [Fairy Garden]‎, Athenaeum:Csonka Bálint egy nagy turhát kiköpött, ennyi volt a reggeli tisztálkodása.Bálint Csonka expectorated a big sputum, that was his morning ablutions.

#### Derived terms

* turházik

### Further reading

* turha in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* turha in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
* Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (“A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian”). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition →ISBN. Online searchable version (under development)
* turha in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Unknown. Cognate with Finnish turha.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈturɑ/, [ˈturɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈturhɑ/, [ˈturhɑ]
* Rhymes: -urɑ, -urhɑ
* Hyphenation: tur‧ha

### Adjective

turha (comparative turhemp)
* useless
* unnecessary

#### Derived terms

* turhaa

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 609

## Votic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ingrian turhaa.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈturhɑː/, [ˈturhɑ]
* Rhymes: -urhɑː
* Hyphenation: tur‧ha

### Adverb

turha
* in vain

### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “turhaa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn