# 愉

| 愉 | U+6109, &#24841; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6109 |
| ← 愈 [U+6108] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 愊 → [U+610A] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 愉 |
| Simplified | 愉 |
| Japanese | 愉 |
| Korean | 愉 |

### Han character

愉 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 心人一弓 (POMN), four-corner 9802$_1$, composition ⿰忄俞(GHTJ) or ⿰忄兪(K))

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10905
* Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2330, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6109

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 褕 | *low, *lo |
| 偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
| 鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
| 牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
| 揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
| 窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
| 歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
| 俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
| 隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
| 毹 | *sro |
| 輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
| 鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
| 腧 | *hljos |
| 逾 | *lo |
| 榆 | *lo |
| 愉 | *lo |
| 渝 | *lo |
| 瑜 | *lo |
| 蕍 | *lo |
| 覦 | *lo, *los |
| 蝓 | *lo |
| 踰 | *lo |
| 崳 | *lo |
| 羭 | *lo |
| 堬 | *lo |
| 瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
| 萮 | *lo |
| 騟 | *lo |
| 愈 | *loʔ |
| 貐 | *loʔ |
| 喻 | *los |
| 諭 | *los |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lo): semantic 忄 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yú (yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$ / jyu$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): û / î / lû / jî / jû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$ / jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yùh / yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$ / jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$ / yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹/, /jyː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
*** Tâi-lô: û
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uu
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /u²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
*** Tâi-lô: î
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû
*** Tâi-lô: lû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luu
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /lu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî
*** Tâi-lô: jî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi¹³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû
*** Tâi-lô: jû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: juu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³/
* Middle Chinese: yu
Rime :
| Character | 愉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊朱切 |
| Baxter | yu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /io/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /io/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lo/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lo/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 愉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yu › |
| Old Chinese | /*lo/ |
| English | enjoy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15856 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 逾 |
| Old Chinese | /*lo/ |

#### Definitions

愉
* happy; pleased; delightful

#### Compounds

* 勝任愉快 / 胜任愉快
* 夷愉 (yíyú)
* 婉愉
* 心曠神愉 / 心旷神愉
* 怡愉
* 恬愉
* 愉快
* 愉悅 / 愉悦 (yúyuè)
* 愉愉
* 愉愉呴呴
* 愉樂 / 愉乐
* 愉色 (yúsè)
* 愉逸
* 敷愉
* 欣愉
* 欨愉
* 歡愉 / 欢愉 (huānyú)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 愉 – see 偷 (“to steal; to snatch; stealthily; secretly; covertly; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 偷).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 愉 |
| Kyūjitai | 愉󠄁 愉+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 愉󠄃 愉+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* pleasure

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
* Kun: たのしい (tanoshii, 愉しい)、たのしむ (tanoshimu, 愉しむ)、ゆう (yū)

### References

* ↑ “愉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

Wikisource 愉 (eum 유 (yu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

愉: Hán Nôm readings: du
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.