# 擎

| 擎 | U+64CE, &#25806; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64CE |
| ← 操 [U+64CD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 擏 → [U+64CF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

擎 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿大手 (TKQ), four-corner 4850$_2$, composition ⿱敬手)
* lift up, hold up, support

#### Derived characters

* 𱕨, 𢹘, 𨰈, 𩽡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 458, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12808
* Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1952, character 3
* Unihan data for U+64CE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蟼 | *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ |
| 憼 | *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ |
| 驚 | *kreŋ |
| 警 | *kreŋʔ |
| 儆 | *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs |
| 璥 | *keŋʔ |
| 檠 | *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs |
| 敬 | *kreŋs |
| 擎 | *ɡreŋ |
| 曔 | *ɡreŋs |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qíng (qing$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): king$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khià / khiàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khêng / gêng / kìn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kêng$^5$ / kia$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^2$
*** Yale: chíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyng
*** Palladius: цин (cin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: king$^4$
*** Yale: kìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: king$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: king$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khià
*** Hakka Romanization System: kia$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯a¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khià / khiàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kia$^ˇ$ / kiang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kia$^2$ / kiang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯a¹¹/, /kʰi̯aŋ¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khêng
*** Tâi-lô: khîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qeeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêng
*** Tâi-lô: gîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: geeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kìn
*** Tâi-lô: kìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kixn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /kin²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kin¹¹/
* khêng/gêng - literary;
* kìn - colloquial.
* Middle Chinese: gjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 擎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠京切 |
| Baxter | gjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /giajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | king$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6886 |
| Phonetic component | 敬 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擎 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreŋ/ |
| Notes | 見莊子 |

### Definitions

擎
* to prop up; to hold up; to lift up
    書擎辣手裡／书擎辣手里 [Shanghainese] ― $^1$sy $^6$jin-laq $^5$seu-li [Wugniu] ― to hold a book up in one's hand.
* (Hakka) to raise one's hand or arm

#### Compounds

* 一柱擎天
* 噴射引擎 / 喷射引擎
* 奇擎
* 引擎 (yǐnqíng)
* 搜尋引擎 / 搜寻引擎 (sōuxún yǐnqíng)
* 擎受
* 擎天 (qíngtiān)
* 擎天之柱
* 擎天手
* 擎天柱
* 擎天架海
* 擎天玉柱
* 擎天駕海 / 擎天驾海 (qíngtiān jià hǎi)
* 擎手
* 擎拳合掌
* 擎架
* 擎蒼牽黃 / 擎苍牵黄
* 架海擎天
* 汽油引擎
* 眾擎易舉 / 众擎易举
* 隻手擎天 / 只手擎天

### References

* “擎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “擎”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 191.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* lift up
* hold up
* support

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けい (kei)、ぎょう (gyō)
* Kun: ささげる (sasageru)

## Korean
### Hanja

擎 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
* lift up
* to support
* to hold

## Vietnamese
### Han character

擎: Hán Nôm readings: kình
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.