# 胡荽
## Chinese
### Etymology

Mentioned by Zhang Hua 張華 (232–300), Shi Chong 石崇 (249–300), and Lu Ji 陸機 (261–303).
It is a phono-semantic matching of an Iranian form *koswi, *košwi, *gošwi (Laufer, 1967). Compare Middle Persian gšnyc (gišnīz, “coriander”), kšnyc (kišnīz), whence Modern Persian گشنیز (gešniz, “coriander”). Also compare Sanskrit कुस्तुम्बरी (kustumbarī).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): húsuī
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^4$ seoi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: húsuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: húsuei
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^2$-sui$^1$
*** Yale: hú-swēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwusuei
*** Palladius: хусуй (xusuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^4$ seoi$^1$
*** Yale: wùh sēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^4$ soey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^4$ sêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː²¹ sɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hu swij
Rime :
| Character | 胡 | 荽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 戸吳切 | 息遺切 |
| Baxter | hu | swij |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuo/ | /siuɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuo/ | /sʷi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣo/ | /sjuɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɔ/ | /swi/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣo/ | /sui/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣu/ | /swi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuo/ | /swi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hú | suī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^4$ | seoi$^1$ |

### Noun

胡荽
* coriander

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 胡荽 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 芫荽 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 芫荽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 芫荽, 香菜, 芫菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 香菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 香菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 芫荽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 香菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 芫荽菜, 香菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 芫荽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 香菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 芫荽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 香菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 香菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 芫食 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 香菜, 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 香菜, 芫荽 dated |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 芫荽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 芫荽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 香菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 芫荽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 芫荽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 芫荽子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 芫荽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 芫荽菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 芫荽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 芫荽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 香菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 芫荽, 芫荽菜, 香菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 芫荽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 芫荽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 芫茜, 香茜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 香芹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 香芹 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 芫茜, 芫香 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 芫茜, 香茜 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 香茜 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 芫荽 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 芫荽, 番鬼芫荽 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 芫荽, 番鬼芫荽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 芫茜, 香菜 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 芫茜, 香菜 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 芫茜, 香菜 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 芫茜 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 芫荽 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 芫荽 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 芫荽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 芫荽, 芫荽仔, 狗鬚仔, 芫香仔 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 芫香仔, 芫荽, 香菜仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 酒荽, 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 芹菜 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 香芹 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 芫荽哩, 香菜 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 芫荽哩, 酒荽哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 芫荽哩, 香菜 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 芫荽哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 酒荽 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Changting | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 芫荽子 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 芫荽子, 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 香菜, 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Zhongshan) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 香菜, 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 香菜仔, 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 芫荽, 芫旺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 香菜仔, 芫荽仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 芫荽 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 香菜 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 香菜 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 芫蘇菜, 香菜 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jin | Datong | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Linhe | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Jining | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Baotou | 香菜 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Handan | 芫菜, 香菜 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 芫荽 |
| Jin | Suide | 芫荽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 芫荽仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 香菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 香菜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 芫荽仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 芫荽, 芹菜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 芫荽, 芳菜 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 香菜 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Sijie) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 番荽 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Lechang (Tatou) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Yingde (Yuzui) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Yunan (Liantan) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 芫荽, 芳菜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 芫荽, 芳菜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 銀荽 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 芳菜, 雞菜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 芳菜 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 芫荽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 芫荽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 芫荽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 芫荽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 芫荽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 芫荽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 芫荽 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 香絲菜 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 香菜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 芫茜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 芫茜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 芫荽 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 香菜 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 芫荽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Qianjing) | 芫荽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 芫荽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 芫荽 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 香菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 香菜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香菜, 芫荽 |
| Wu | Danyang | 芫荽, 香菜 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 香菜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 香菜 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 香菜 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 芫荽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 芫荽菜 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 香菜 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 芫荽, 香菜 |

#### Derived terms

* 天胡荽 (tiānhúsuī)
* 石胡荽 (shíhúsuī)