# 膀

| 膀 | U+8180, &#33152; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8180 |
| ← 腿 [U+817F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 膁 → [U+8181] |

## Translingual
### Han character

膀 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月卜月尸 (BYBS), four-corner 7022$_7$, composition ⿰⺼旁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 990, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29748
* Dae Jaweon: page 1443, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2104, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8180

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baːŋ): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ).

### Etymology 1

Probably cognate with 膊 (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, it may be related to etymology 3 since the shoulders are on two sides (Liu, 1999).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bǎng (bang$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bang$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бон (bon, II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bong$^2$ / pong$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bon$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): póng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$paon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ban$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎng
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^3$
*** Yale: bǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baang
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (膀兒 / 膀儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎngr
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: bǎngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baangl
*** Palladius: банр (banr)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑ̃ɻ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: bang$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bang
*** Sinological IPA : /paŋ⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бон (bon, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bong$^2$ / pong$^4$
*** Yale: bóng / pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bong$^2$ / pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bong$^2$ / pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːŋ³⁵/, /pʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɒ̃⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: póng
*** Tâi-lô: póng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: porng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔŋ⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$paon
*** MiniDict: paon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$paan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɑ̃³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ban$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pan⁴¹/

#### Definitions

膀
* upper arm; shoulder
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Yòu jiàn Mǎ Chāo shēngdé miàn rú fùfěn, chún ruò mǒ zhū, yāo xì bǎng kuān, shēng xióng lì měng, báipáo yín kǎi, shǒu zhí chángqiāng, lìmǎ zhèn qián. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* wing

##### Compounds

* 光膀子 (guāngbǎngzi)
* 冷肩膀
* 嫩肩膀
* 挨肩擦膀
* 擦肩膀
* 溜肩膀 (liūjiānbǎng)
* 翅膀 (chìbǎng)
* 翅膀硬 (chìbǎng yìng)
* 肩膀 (jiānbǎng)
* 肩膀不齊 / 肩膀不齐
* 肩膀兒寬 / 肩膀儿宽
* 肩膀窄
* 膀子 (bǎngzi)
* 膀扇子
* 膀臂 (bǎngbì)
* 臂膀 (bìbǎng)
* 蹄膀

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k)?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páng (pang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pông / phông / phōng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$baon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$
*** Yale: páng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: pong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰoŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pông
*** Tâi-lô: pông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /pɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Magong, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phông
*** Tâi-lô: phông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoong
*** IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /pʰɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phōng
*** Tâi-lô: phōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$baon
*** MiniDict: baon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$baan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bɑ̃²³/
* Middle Chinese: bang
Rime :
| Character | 膀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 步光切 |
| Baxter | bang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | páng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 膀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3006 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傍 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

膀
* Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng).

#### Compounds

* 膀胱 (pángguāng)
* 膀胱炎 (pángguāngyán)
* 膀胱癌 (pángguāng'ái)
* 膀胱鏡 / 膀胱镜 (pángguāngjìng)

### Etymology 3

Cognate with 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páng (pang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$
*** Yale: páng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: bang
Rime :
| Character | 膀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 步光切 |
| Baxter | bang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | páng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 膀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3006 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傍 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

膀
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) flank; side of one's torso

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pāng (pang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pang
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^1$
*** Yale: pāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pang
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^1$
*** Yale: pōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

膀
* (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) swollen; puffed
       Nèi ge rén liǎn dōu pāng le. [Pinyin]
       That person's face is swollen.

#### Compounds

* 奶膀子 (nǎipāngzi)
* 膀浪
* 膀腫 / 膀肿

### Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 1?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bàng, bǎng (bang$^4$, bang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ, ㄅㄤˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàng
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^4$
*** Yale: bàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banq
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎng
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^3$
*** Yale: bǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baang
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

膀
* Only used in 吊膀子 (diào bàngzi) and 膀子吊.

### References

* “膀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: わきばら (wakibara)、ふくれる (fukureru)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膀 (MC bang). Recorded as Middle Korean 바ᇰ (pang) (Yale: pang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 膀 (eumhun 오줌통 방 (ojumtong bang))
* hanja form of 방 (“bladder”)

#### Compounds

* 방광 (膀胱, banggwang, “urinary bladder”)
* 방광염 (膀胱炎, banggwang'yeom)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.