# 賊

| 賊 | U+8CCA, &#36042; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CCA |
| ← 賉 [U+8CC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 賋 → [U+8CCB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

賊 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月金戈十 (BCIJ), four-corner 6385$_0$, composition ⿰貝戎)

#### Derived characters

* 𣿐, 𣛸, 𧒿, 𨆎, 鱡, 𦽒, 蠈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36759
* Dae Jaweon: page 1672, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3637, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8CCA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 賊 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 廁 | *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ |
| 則 | *ʔsɯːɡ |
| 賊 | *zɯːɡ |
| 鰂 | *zɯːɡ |
| 鱡 | *zɯːɡ |
| 蠈 | *zɯːɡ |
| 側 | *ʔsrɯɡ |
| 萴 | *ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ |
| 測 | *sʰrɯɡ |
| 惻 | *sʰrɯɡ |
| 崱 | *zrɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zɯːɡ): phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ) + semantic 戈 (“weapon”).
This was later reinterpreted as a compound of 貝 (“money”) and 戎 (“weapon”) to produce the modern form.

### Etymology 1

Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཇག (jag, “robbery”) (Coblin, 1986). Schuessler (2007) points out that a palatalized consonant in Tibetan does not usually correspond to an unpalatalized one in Chinese; instead, he compares it to Khmer ឆក់ (chɑk, “to snatch; to steal”).
Possibly cognate with 災 (OC *ʔslɯː, “natural disaster”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Based on evidence from early loans from Chinese, e.g. Lakkia kjak⁸ (“bandit”) and Rục kəcʌ́ːk (“bandit”), Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *k preinitial.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zéi, zé (zei$^2$, ze$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄟˊ, ㄗㄜˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zui$^2$ / ze$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зый (zɨy, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caak$^6$ / caak$^3$ / caak$^{6-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tak$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cet$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhe̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cêd$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zei$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chā̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĕk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ceh$^7$ / zeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chha̍t / cha̍t / che̍k / chia̍k / che̍rk
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ce$^4$ / zei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zéi
*** Wade–Giles: tsei$^2$
*** Yale: dzéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeir
*** Palladius: цзэй (czɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zé
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zé
*** Wade–Giles: tsê$^2$
*** Yale: dzé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
*** Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɤ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zui$^2$ / ze$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zui / ze
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suei²¹/, /t͡sɛ²¹/
* zui2 - vernacular;
* ze2 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit賊 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡sei²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sei⁴⁵/ /t͡sɤ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡sei⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡se⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡suei⁴²/ /t͡sei⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sei²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sɨ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡sei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡sei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡suei³¹/ /t͡se³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡suei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡sei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡suəi²⁴/ /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡se⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sei¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sɛ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ze²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰe²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰə¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sei²⁴/ /t͡sʰə⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰæ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɛʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰet̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰet̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰak̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɐk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰak̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sik̚⁵/ /t͡sʰat̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɛiʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sak̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzok
Rime :
| Character | 賊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 昨則切 |
| Baxter | dzok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.dzˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 賊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zéi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzok › |
| Old Chinese | /*k.dzˁək/ |
| English | injure; murderer, bandit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 賊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16596 |
| Phonetic component | 則 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 賊 |
| Old Chinese | /*zɯːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

賊
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to damage; to corrupt; to ruin; to destroy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to harm; to injure
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to slander
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to murder
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Xuānzǐ zhòu jiàn, Gōng huàn zhī, shǐ Chú Ní zéi zhī. [Pinyin]
    Lord Xuan remonstrated with the Duke again and again. The Duke, troubled by his behaviour, sent Chu (or "Zhu") Ni to murder him.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) murderer
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) harm; disaster
* thief; bandit; robber (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
       kam$^4$ jat$^6$ jau$^5$ caak$^{6-2}$ jap$^6$ zo$^2$ uk$^1$, tau$^1$ zau$^2$ zo$^2$ ngo$^5$ bou$^6$ din$^6$ nou$^5$. [Jyutping]
       Yesterday, a thief came into my house and stole my computer.
* villain; traitor
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to steal
* evil; wicked; treacherous
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to restrain
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) ruthless; vicious
* (colloquial, dialectal) cunning; wily; sly
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of pest that eats the joints of a seedling
    蟊賊／蟊贼 ― máozéi ― insects that eat the roots and the joints

#### Usage notes

* Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation zé.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 賊, 盜 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 賊, 小偷, 竊賊, 盜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 小偷, 賊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 小偷兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小偷, 賊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 小偷兒, 小偷, 毛賊, 毛賊子, 賊 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 毛賊, 賊娃子, 賊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 賊娃子, 賊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 小偷兒, 賊娃子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 賊娃子, 賊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 賊娃子, 賊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 賊娃子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 賊娃子, 賊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 賊娃子, 賊, 偷跟兒, 偷兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 強徒, 小偷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 小偷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 小偷, 小毛賊, 毛賊, 小賊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 小偷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 拐子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 小偷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 賊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 賊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 小偷, 賊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 賊 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 小偷, 賊 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 小偷, 賊, 強盜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 賊坯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 小偷, 賊, 小賊 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 三隻手 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 賊仔, 賊, 賊佬, 鼠摸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 賊仔, 賊, 賊佬, 鼠摸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 賊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 偷仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 夜摸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 偷雞佬, 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鼠摸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鼠摸仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 偷仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鼠摸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鼠摸仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 偷仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 偷仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 三隻手 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 小摸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 小摸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 小摸 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 賊仔, 鼠摸 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 小摸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 小摸仔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鼠摸仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 賊仔, 鼠摸 dated |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 雪仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鼠賊, 賊 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 賊佬, 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 賊, 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 賊 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 賊, 夜摸 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 白捏, 小偷 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 賊手 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 賊佬 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 賊 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 小賊 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 賊仔 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 賊, 夜摸, 白捏 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 賊 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 賊 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 賊牯, 賊仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 賊牯佬 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 賊仔 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 賊牯佬 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 賊仔 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 賊哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 賊哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 賊牯佬 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 賊牯佬 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 賊 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 小偷 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 賊 |
| Hakka | Changting | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 賊牯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 賊佬, 強盜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 賊仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 賊仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 賊仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 賊 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 賊仔, 賊 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 賊 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 賊 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 賊佬 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 扒手 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 賊 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 賊骨頭, 賊, 銃手 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 小偷兒, 賊 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 小綹兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 賊 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 小偷, 賊, 賊小子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 賊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 賊囝, 賊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 賊, 賊囝 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 賊囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 賊仔, 鼠賊 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 賊仔, 鼠賊 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 鼠賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 賊仔, 鼠賊, 佬賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 勍仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 勍仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鼠賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 賊, 賊仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 賊 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鼠賊囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 賊, 賊囝, 鼠賊, 鼠賊囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鼠賊, 鼠賊囝 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鼠賊囝 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 賊囝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 賊囝, 賊 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 賊囝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 賊囝 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 賊 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 賊囝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 賊, 小偷 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 賊, 小偷 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 賊 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 賊頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 賊骨頭, 賊, 小偷, 賊伯伯 humorous |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小偷, 賊 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 賊骨頭, 賊, 賊伯伯 humorous, 小賊 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 賊骨頭, 小偷 |
| Wu | Danyang | 小偷, 賊, 賊老官, 做賊佬 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 賊骨頭, 賊 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 賊骨頭, 小偷 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 小偷兒, 小偷, 賊 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 賊骨頭, 賊, 小偷 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 賊老倌, 賊牯子, 賊 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 夜摸子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 賊牯子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 賊牯子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 賊 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 賊(ぞく) (zoku)
* → Vietnamese: tặc (賊)
Others:
* → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *sɤkᴰ
** Thai: ศึก (sʉ̀k, “war, battle”)
* → Vietnamese: giặc
* →? Proto-Turkic: *yagï (war, bandit) (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Etymology 2

Compare 很 (hěn) / 狠 (hěn) and 蠻／蛮 (mán); both share the extension of meaning from “cruel” > “very; quite”.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zéi (zei$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄟˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zéi
*** Wade–Giles: tsei$^2$
*** Yale: dzéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeir
*** Palladius: цзэй (czɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seɪ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

賊
* (formerly dialectal, including Northeastern Mandarin, increasingly informal) very; particularly; immensely; extremely
    賊好看／贼好看 ― zéi hǎokàn ― remarkably beautiful
    From: The Plum in the Golden Vase, circa 1610 CE
    Zhè Pān Jīnlián zéi liúxīn, àn'àn kàn zhe tā. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    Dōu shì Míngyān tiáosuō de, děng wǒ huíqù gàosù mómó men, yīdìng dǎ nǐ ge zéi sǐ! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1937, 老舍, 駱駝祥子, Shanghai: 人間書屋, published 1941, page 43:
       Xiàmiàn de féi hēi kù bèi xiǎo fēng chuī dé wēidòng, xiàng yīxiē shénme yīnsēn de qì'ér, xiǎngyào bǎituō kāi nà zéi liàng de dēngguāng, ér yǔ hēiyè liánchéng yīqì. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 很 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 挺, 楞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 很, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠻, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 很 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好, 十分之 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 好 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 野 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 好 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 很 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 盡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 野, 萬代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 真, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 但顧 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好, 蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠻, 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠻 |

### Compounds

* 亂臣賊子 / 乱臣贼子 (luànchénzéizǐ)
* 作賊心虛 / 作贼心虚 (zuòzéixīnxū)
* 併贓拿賊 / 并赃拿贼
* 內賊 / 内贼
* 六賊 / 六贼
* 剽賊 / 剽贼
* 匪賊 / 匪贼
* 反賊 / 反贼 (fǎnzéi)
* 國賊 / 国贼 (guózéi)
* 大眼賊 / 大眼贼
* 失賊 / 失贼
* 奸賊 (jiānzéi)
* 家賊 / 家贼 (jiāzéi)
* 家賊難防 / 家贼难防 (jiāzéinánfáng)
* 宿賊 / 宿贼
* 小毛賊 / 小毛贼
* 小賊 / 小贼
* 山賊 / 山贼 (shānzéi)
* 德賊 / 德贼
* 悍賊 / 悍贼
* 慣賊 / 惯贼
* 戕賊 / 戕贼
* 拿賊拿贓 / 拿贼拿赃
* 拿賊見贓 / 拿贼见赃
* 擒賊擒王 / 擒贼擒王 (qínzéiqínwáng)
* 擒賊擒首 / 擒贼擒首
* 木賊 / 木贼 (mùzéi)
* 殘賊 / 残贼 (cánzéi)
* 毛賊 / 毛贼 (máozéi)
* 民賊 / 民贼 (mínzéi)
* 水賊 / 水贼
* 海賊 / 海贼 (hǎizéi)
* 漏面賊 / 漏面贼
* 烏賊 / 乌贼 (wūzéi)
* 烏賊車 / 乌贼车
* 狂賊 / 狂贼
* 狗賊 / 狗贼
* 猾賊 / 猾贼
* 白拈賊 / 白拈贼
* 白日賊 / 白日贼
* 白賊 / 白贼 (báizéi)
* 白賊七 / 白贼七
* 盜賊 / 盗贼 (dàozéi)
* 盜賊四起 / 盗贼四起
* 盜賊蜂起 / 盗贼蜂起
* 盜馬賊 / 盗马贼 (dàomǎzéi)
* 真贓正賊 / 真赃正贼
* 破賊 / 破贼 (pòzéi)
* 禿賊 / 秃贼
* 積賊 / 积贼
* 竊賊 / 窃贼 (qièzéi)
* 老賊 / 老贼 (lǎozéi)
* 花賊 / 花贼
* 草賊 / 草贼 (cǎozéi)
* 蝥賊 / 蝥贼
* 蟊賊 / 蟊贼
* 討賊 / 讨贼 (tǎozéi)
* 認賊作父 / 认贼作父 (rènzéizuòfù)
* 認賊為子 / 认贼为子
* 賊人 / 贼人 (zéirén)
* 賊人心虛 / 贼人心虚
* 賊人膽虛 / 贼人胆虚
* 賊仔星 / 贼仔星
* 賊去關門 / 贼去关门
* 賊喊捉賊 / 贼喊捉贼 (zéihǎnzhuōzéi)
* 賊子 / 贼子
* 賊子亂臣 / 贼子乱臣
* 賊害 / 贼害
* 賊寇 / 贼寇
* 賊巢 / 贼巢 (zéicháo)
* 賊店 / 贼店
* 賊心 / 贼心 (zéixīn)
* 賊性 / 贼性
* 賊星 / 贼星 (zéixīng)
* 賊曹 / 贼曹
* 賊王八 / 贼王八
* 賊皮賊骨 / 贼皮贼骨
* 賊眉鼠眼 / 贼眉鼠眼 (zéiméishǔyǎn)
* 賊眼 / 贼眼
* 賊禿 / 贼秃
* 賊窩子 / 贼窝子
* 賊肉 / 贼肉
* 賊臣亂子 / 贼臣乱子
* 賊臣逆子 / 贼臣逆子
* 賊船 / 贼船 (zéichuán)
* 賊虐 / 贼虐
* 賊話兒 / 贼话儿
* 賊贓 / 贼赃 (zéizāng)
* 賊頭賊腦 / 贼头贼脑
* 賊頭鼠腦 / 贼头鼠脑
* 賊首 / 贼首 (zéishǒu)
* 賊驢 / 贼驴
* 賊骨頭 / 贼骨头
* 賊鬼 / 贼鬼
* 賊黨 / 贼党 (zéidǎng)
* 賣國賊 / 卖国贼 (màiguózéi)
* 逆子賊臣 / 逆子贼臣
* 逆臣賊子 / 逆臣贼子
* 逆賊 / 逆贼 (nìzéi)
* 附賊 / 附贼
* 陰賊 / 阴贼 (yīnzé)
* 雅賊 / 雅贼
* 飛賊 / 飞贼
* 馬賊 / 马贼 (mǎzéi)
* 鬧賊 / 闹贼

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 賊 |
| Kyūjitai | 賊󠄁 賊+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 賊󠄄 賊+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぞく (zoku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そく (soku)
* Kun: あだ (ada, 賊)、そこなう (sokonau, 賊なう)、にしもの (nishimono, 賊)、ぬすむ (nusumu, 賊む)

#### Compounds

* 賊(ぞく)魁(かい) (zokukai)
* 賊(ぞく)害(がい) (zokugai)
* 賊(ぞく)虐(ぎゃく) (zokugyaku)
* 賊(ぞく)軍(ぐん) (zokugun)
* 賊(ぞく)塞(さい) (zokusai)
* 賊(ぞく)砦(さい) (zokusai)
* 賊(ぞく)殺(さつ) (zokusatsu)
* 賊(ぞく)子(し) (zokushi)
* 賊(ぞく)首(しゅ) (zokushu)
* 賊(ぞく)衆(しゅう) (zokushū)
* 賊(ぞく)将(しょう) (zokushō)
* 賊(ぞく)情(じょう) (zokujō)
* 賊(ぞく)心(しん) (zokushin)
* 賊(ぞく)臣(しん) (zokushin)
* 賊(ぞく)勢(せい) (zokusei)
* 賊(ぞく)巣(そう) (zokusō)
* 賊(ぞく)地(ち) (zokuchi)
* 賊(ぞく)徒(と) (zokuto)
* 賊(ぞく)盗(とう) (zokutō)
* 賊(ぞく)党(とう) (zokutō)
* 賊(ぞく)難(なん) (zokunan)
* 賊(ぞく)匪(ひ) (zokuhi)
* 賊(ぞく)氛(ふん) (zokufun)
* 賊(ぞく)兵(へい) (zokuhei)
* 賊(ぞく)民(みん) (zokumin)
* 賊(ぞく)名(めい) (zokumei)
* 賊(ぞく)塁(るい) (zokurui)
* 賊(ぞっ)姦(かん) (zokkan)
* 烏賊(いか) (ika): squid, cuttlefish
* 陰(いん)賊(ぞく) (inzoku)
* 烏(う)賊(ぞく) (uzoku)
* 怨(おん)賊(ぞく) (onzoku)
* 海(かい)賊(ぞく) (kaizoku): pirate
* 猾(かつ)賊(ぞく) (katsuzoku)
* 姦(かん)賊(ぞく) (kanzoku)
* 義(ぎ)賊(ぞく) (gizoku)
* 逆(ぎゃく)賊(ぞく) (gyakuzoku)
* 劫(きょう)賊(ぞく) (kyōzoku)
* 劇(げき)賊(ぞく) (gekizoku)
* 険(けん)賊(ぞく) (kenzoku)
* 寇(こう)賊(ぞく) (kōzoku)
* 国(こく)賊(ぞく) (kokuzoku)
* 山(さん)賊(ぞく) (sanzoku)
* 残(ざん)賊(ぞく) (zanzoku)
* 夙(しゅく)賊(ぞく) (shukuzoku)
* 小(しょう)賊(ぞく) (shōzoku)
* 戕(しょう)賊(ぞく) (shōzoku)
* 草(そう)賊(ぞく) (sōzoku)
* 鼠(そ)賊(ぞく) (sozoku)
* 盗(とう)賊(ぞく) (tōzoku)
* 討(とう)賊(ぞく) (tōzoku)
* 馬(ば)賊(ぞく) (bazoku)
* 髪(はつ)賊(ぞく) (hatsuzoku)
* 匪(ひ)賊(ぞく) (hizoku)
* 詖(ひ)賊(ぞく) (hizoku)
* 蝥(ぼう)賊(ぞく) (bōzoku)
* 民(みん)賊(ぞく) (minzoku)
* 木(もく)賊(ぞく) (mokuzoku)
* 乱(らん)賊(ぞく) (ranzoku)
* 流(りゅう)賊(ぞく) (ryūzoku)
* 倭(わ)賊(ぞく) (wazoku)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 賊
* ぞく Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 賊 (MC dzok).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぞく [zòkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

賊(ぞく) • (zoku)
* thief
* rebel

#### Derived terms

* 長髪賊(ちょうはつぞく) (chōhatsuzoku, “Taiping rebels”)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2026 (paper), page 1065 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1160 (paper), page 593 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 賊 (MC dzok). Recorded as Middle Korean 적〮 (cék) (Yale: cek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 賊 (eumhun 도둑 적 (doduk jeok))
* hanja form of 적 (“thief”)

#### Compounds

* 도적 (盜賊, dojeok)
* 의적 (義賊, uijeok)
* 초적 (草賊, chojeok)
* 마적 (馬賊, majeok)
* 산적 (山賊, sanjeok)
* 역적 (逆賊, yeokjeok)
* 해적 (海賊, haejeok)
* 해적선 (海賊船, haejeokseon)
* 적반하장 (賊反荷杖, jeokbanhajang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

賊: Hán Nôm readings: tặc, giặc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.