# 染色
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǎnsè
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ ㄙㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^5$ sik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiam-set
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ní-sek / ní-siak / jiám-sek / liám-sek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǎnsè
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ ㄙㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǎnsè
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^3$-sê$^4$
*** Yale: rǎn-sè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raanseh
*** Palladius: жаньсэ (žanʹsɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^5$ sik$^1$
*** Yale: yíhm sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^5$ sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^5$ xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm¹³ sɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiam-set
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam sed$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^4$ sed$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am⁵⁵ set̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní-sek
*** Tâi-lô: ní-sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nyseg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní-siak
*** Tâi-lô: ní-siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nysiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiám-sek
*** Tâi-lô: jiám-sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiafmseg
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liám-sek
*** Tâi-lô: liám-sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liafmseg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: nyemX|nyemH srik
Rime :
| Character | 染 | 染 | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 鹽 (153) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 而琰切 | 而豔切 | 所力切 |
| Baxter | nyemX | nyemH | srik |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇm$^X$/ | /ȵiᴇm$^H$/ | /ʃɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛm$^X$/ | /ȵiɛm$^H$/ | /ʃɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæm$^X$/ | /ȵʑjæm$^H$/ | /ʃiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiam$^X$/ | /ȵiam$^H$/ | /ʂik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛm$^X$/ | /ȵiɛm$^H$/ | /ʃiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛm$^X$/ | /ȵʑĭɛm$^H$/ | /ʃĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛm$^X$/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛm$^H$/ | /ʂi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rǎn | ràn | she |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^5$ | jim$^6$ | sik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.n[a]mʔ s.rək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njomʔ|njoms srɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 染 | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rǎn | sè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyem$^X$ › | ‹ srik › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.n[a]mʔ/ | /*s.rək/ |
| English | to dye | color; countenance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 染 | 染 | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10790 | 10791 | 10989 |
| Phonetic component | 染 | 染 | 色 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冉 | 染 | 色 |
| Old Chinese | /*njomʔ/ | /*njoms/ | /*srɯɡ/ |

### Verb

染色
* to dye

#### Synonyms

* 上色 (shàngsè)
* (Hokkien) 做色, 食色

#### Derived terms

* 染色分體 / 染色分体
* 染色單體 / 染色单体
* 染色質 / 染色质 (rǎnsèzhì)
* 染色體 / 染色体 (rǎnsètǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 染(せん)色(しょく) (senshoku)
* → Korean: 염색(染色) (yeomsaek)

#### See also

* 印花 (yìnhuā)
* 印染 (yìnrǎn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 染 | 色 |
| せん Grade: 6 | しょく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

染(せん)色(しょく) • (senshoku)
* staining, dyeing

### Verb

染(せん)色(しょく)する • (senshoku suru) suru (stem 染(せん)色(しょく)し (senshoku shi), past 染(せん)色(しょく)した (senshoku shita))
* to stain, to dye

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 染色し | せんしょくし | senshoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 染色し | せんしょくし | senshoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 染色する | せんしょくする | senshoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 染色する | せんしょくする | senshoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 染色すれ | せんしょくすれ | senshoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 染色せよ¹ 染色しろ² | せんしょくせよ¹ せんしょくしろ² | senshoku seyo¹ senshoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 染色される | せんしょくされる | senshoku sareru |
| Causative | 染色させる 染色さす | せんしょくさせる せんしょくさす | senshoku saseru senshoku sasu |
| Potential | 染色できる | せんしょくできる | senshoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 染色しよう | せんしょくしよう | senshoku shiyō |
| Negative | 染色しない | せんしょくしない | senshoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 染色せず | せんしょくせず | senshoku sezu |
| Formal | 染色します | せんしょくします | senshoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 染色した | せんしょくした | senshoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 染色して | せんしょくして | senshoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 染色すれば | せんしょくすれば | senshoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 染 | 色 |

### Noun

染色 • (yeomsaek) (hangeul 염색)
* hanja form of 염색 (“dyeing”)