# 瀧

| 瀧 | U+7027, &#28711; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7027 |
| ← 瀦 [U+7026] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瀨 → [U+7028] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 瀧 |
| Shinjitai | 滝 |
| Simplified | 泷 |

### Han character

瀧 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 水卜月心 (EYBP), four-corner 3111$_1$, composition ⿰氵龍)

#### Derived characters

* 𡔆, 𮧁

#### Related characters

* 滝 (Japanese shinjitai)
* 泷 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 660, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18671
* Dae Jaweon: page 1070, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1784, character 17
* Unihan data for U+7027

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 驡 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 龐 | *broːŋ |
| 瀧 | *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ |
| 籠 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 豅 | *roːŋ |
| 朧 | *roːŋ, *roŋs |
| 龓 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 聾 | *roːŋ |
| 礱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋs |
| 嚨 | *roːŋ |
| 蘢 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 櫳 | *roːŋ |
| 襱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ |
| 瓏 | *roːŋ |
| 曨 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 鸗 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 蠪 | *roːŋ |
| 巃 | *roːŋʔ |
| 竉 | *roːŋʔ |
| 攏 | *roːŋʔ |
| 儱 | *roːŋʔ, *roŋs |
| 龍 | *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ |
| 躘 | *roŋ, *roŋs |
| 隴 | *roŋʔ |
| 壠 | *roŋʔ |
| 壟 | *roŋʔ |
| 寵 | *r̥ʰoŋʔ |
| 龏 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).

### Etymology 1

* 瀧江

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lóng (long$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^4$ / lung$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liông / lông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
*** Wade–Giles: lung$^2$
*** Yale: lúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
*** Palladius: лун (lun)
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^4$ / lung$^4$
*** Yale: lòhng / lùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^4$ / lung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^4$ / lung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²¹/, /lʊŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông / lông
*** Tâi-lô: liông / lông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong, loong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ¹³/, /lɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/, /lɔŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: luwng
Rime :
| Character | 瀧 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧紅切 |
| Baxter | luwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /luŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /luŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*roːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀧 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 8416 |
| Phonetic component | 龍 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 籠 |
| Old Chinese | /*roːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

瀧
* appearance of raining
* wet; soaked

#### Compounds

* 瀧夫 / 泷夫
* 瀧漉 / 泷漉
* 瀧瀧 / 泷泷
* 瀧船 / 泷船

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lóng (long$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
*** Wade–Giles: lung$^2$
*** Yale: lúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
*** Palladius: лун (lun)
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: laewng
Rime :
| Character | 瀧 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 呂江切 |
| Baxter | laewng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /lɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | láng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | long$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rroːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀧 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 8410 |
| Phonetic component | 龍 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瀧 |
| Old Chinese | /*rroːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

瀧
* (of flow of water) rapid

### Etymology 3

* 瀧州
Resemblance to Vietnamese sông – which is from Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ – is coincidental, for in the early 11th century CE 瀧 (MC sraewng) (Baxter) already possesed retroflex fricative initial 生 (as indicated by pronunciation 所江切 in Guangyun [1007 - 1008 CE]); meanwhile, as seen in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) [12th century CE], Old Vietnamese clusters */Cr-/ had not yet become a retroflex fricative ancestral to Modern Vietnamese ‹s-›.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuāng (shuang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuang
*** Wade–Giles: shuang$^1$
*** Yale: shwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuang
*** Palladius: шуан (šuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$
*** Yale: sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sraewng
Rime :
| Character | 瀧 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所江切 |
| Baxter | sraewng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | song$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sroːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀧 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 8411 |
| Phonetic component | 龍 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 雙 |
| Old Chinese | /*sroːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

瀧
* (～水) A river in Guangdong
    Synonym: 羅定江 / 罗定江

#### Compounds

* 瀧岡 / 泷冈
* 瀧州 / 泷州
* 瀧水 / 泷水

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 滝 |
| Kyūjitai | 瀧 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 滝)
* Kyūjitai form of 滝 (“waterfall; rapids”)
* Used in personal names.

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 瀧 (MC laewng); compare Mandarin 瀧 / 泷 (lóng):
* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)
From Middle Chinese 瀧 (MC luwng); compare Mandarin 瀧 / 泷 (lóng):
* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)
From Middle Chinese 瀧 (MC sraewng); compare Mandarin 瀧 / 泷 (shuāng):
* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: たき (taki, 瀧)

## Korean
### Hanja

瀧 (eum 룡 (ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 용 (yong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瀧: Hán Việt readings: lung
瀧: Nôm readings: sông, rông, lùng, rồng, lung
* chữ Nôm form of sông (“river”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).