OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܣܘܦܢܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From ܣܲܘܦܵܐ (sawpā, “end; extreme”) +‎ -ܢܐ (-ānā, the adjectival ending).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [saw.pɑːnɑː]

### Adjective

ܣܲܘܦܵܢܵܐ • (sawpānā) (feminine ܣܲܘܦܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (sawpānīṯā), plural ܣܲܘܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ (sawpānē))
* extreme
* (politics) radical
* (statistics) extreme (value, etc)

### Noun

ܣܲܘܦܵܢܵܐ • (sawpānā) m (plural ܣܲܘܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ (sawpānē), feminine ܣܲܘܦܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (sawpānīṯā))
* (politics) extremist, radical

#### Derived terms

* ܣܲܘܦܵܢܵܝܵܐ (sawpānāyā)
* ܣܲܘܦܵܢܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (sawpānūṯā)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܣ ܘ ܦ related to ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sawpɑnɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [sawpɑne] (plural)

### Noun

ܣܘܦܢܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܣܘܦܢܐ)
* end, destruction, death
* slaughter, massacre

#### Inflection
### References

* “swpn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 225a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 369b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 988b
# geopolitisk
## Danish
### Etymology

From geopolitik +‎ -isk. Also analyzable as geo- +‎ politisk.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ge‧o‧po‧li‧tisk

### Adjective

geopolitisk
* geopolitical

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

* “geopolitisk” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “geopolitisk” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ politisk.

### Adjective

geopolitisk (neuter singular geopolitisk, definite singular and plural geopolitiske)
* geopolitical (relating to geopolitics)
* (as an adverb) geopolitically

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ politisk.

### Adjective

geopolitisk (neuter singular geopolitisk, definite singular and plural geopolitiske)
* geopolitical (relating to geopolitics)
* (as an adverb) geopolitically

## Swedish
### Etymology

From geopolitik +‎ -isk. Also analyzable as geo- +‎ politisk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjeːuːˌpʊlɪːtɪsk/
* Audio (Kronoberg):(file)

### Adjective

geopolitisk (comparative mer geopolitisk, superlative mest geopolitisk)
* geopolitical

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### Further reading

* geopolitisk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* geopolitisk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* geopolitisk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
# painautua
## Finnish
### Etymology

painaa (“to press”) +‎ -utua

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑi̯nɑu̯tuɑˣ/, [ˈpɑ̝i̯nɑ̝u̯ˌt̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -uɑ
* Hyphenation: pai‧nau‧tua

### Verb

painautua
* to press oneself (against something)
* to nestle (to press oneself against another affectionately)
** 1978, “Sua vasten aina painautuisin”, in Pertti Reponen (lyrics), Jori Sivonen (music), Sinulle vain, performed by Paula Koivuniemi:Mun suo suu suutas vasten painaa Lainaa tää onhan vain Kai näin sua vasten aina painautuisin Jos vain oisit aina rinnallainLet me press my mouth against yours This is just borrowed time after all Perhaps I'd always nestle close to you like this if only you'd always be by my side
* to huddle (to crowd together as when distressed or in fear)
    Lampaat painautuivat yhteen lämmitelläkseen.The sheep huddled together seeking warmth.
* Synonym of painua

#### Derived terms

* painautuma

#### Related terms

* painua

### Further reading

* “painautua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# fluorometries
## English
### Noun

fluorometries
* plural of fluorometry
# slæpan
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* slēpan — Anglian
* slāpan
* slēpian (Northumbrian)

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *slāpan.
Cognate with Old Frisian slēpa (West Frisian sliepe), Old Saxon slāpan (Low German slapen), Old Dutch slāpan (Dutch slapen), Old High German slāfan (German schlafen), Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 (slēpan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈslæː.pɑn/

### Verb

slǣpan (West Saxon)
* to sleep

#### Antonyms

* wacian

#### Derived terms

* beslǣpan

#### Related terms

* slǣp

#### Descendants

* Middle English: slepen, slæpen, sleepen, slepe
** English: sleep
*** Sranan Tongo: sribi
** Middle Scots: sleip, slepe
*** Scots: sleep
# chúng
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈxuːŋ], [ˈxuːŋɡ]

### Adjective

chúng
* Lenited form of cúng.

### Noun

chúng
* Lenited form of cúng.

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 眾 (“many”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [cʊwŋ͡m˦˥]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Particle

chúng (眾, 衆, 𫡑)
* Pluralizing particle for pronouns
    Synonym: tụi (“informal”)

#### Usage notes

* Not universally versatile. Only comfortably compatible with certain pronouns and kinship terms, such as tôi, ta, mày, mình, nó, con, cháu. With some others, such as tao, it is not as comfortably compatible and may sound somewhat jarring. chúng bạn (“your friends; your cohorts”) may sound a bit old-fashioned.

#### Derived terms

* chúng mày
* chúng mình
* chúng nó
* chúng ta
* chúng tao
* chúng tôi

#### See also

* các
* những

### Pronoun

chúng
* they/them (used for animals)
* they/them (used for people whom one holds in low regard)
    Chúng xả súng hại chết 3 người.They unloaded and killed 3 people.
    Chúng tàn sát dân ta, bắt dân ta làm nô lệ.They slaughtered our people, they made us into their slaves.

#### Derived terms

* bọn chúng
# τύρσις
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* τύρρις (túrrhis) (Hesychius)

### Etymology

Likely a Mediterranean substrate loan, perhaps from Illyrian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtyr.sis/ → /ˈtir.sis/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈtyr.sis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈtyr.sis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈtyr.sis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈtir.sis/

### Noun

τύρσις • (túrsis) f (indeclinable)
* tower

#### Descendants

* Latin: turris (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “Τύρσις”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1520-1
* ↑ Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “τύρσις”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 948-49

### Further reading

* “τύρσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “τύρσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “τύρσις”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
# nalistniki
## English
### Alternative forms

* nalesniki, nalisniki

### Etymology

From Russian налистники (nalistniki), plural of налистник (nalistnik). Doublet of nalesniki and nalysnyky.

### Noun

nalistniki (plural nalistniki)
* Synonym of nalesniki in Russian cuisine.
** 1982 April 14, Linda Lowe Morris, “Russian Tea Room: always a celebration”, in The Sun, volume 290, number 128, Baltimore, Md., →ISSN, →OCLC, page B 1:And people with a taste for golubtze and nalistniki quietly rub elbows with the luminaries.
** 1990 May 2, Marge Hanley, “Zakuska: Party fare”, in The Indianapolis News, Indianapolis, Ind., →OCLC, page F-1, column 5:Russian eggs with caviar garnish will be added for the member preview party Saturday, and nalistniki (chicken-filled crepes) plus bliny with strawberries and whipped cream will be served for the Sunday members’ brunch.
** 1990 June 4, Ann Hattes, “Try a taste of Moscow: Hot borscht is typical fare for the Soviets”, in The Waukesha County Freeman, volume 132, number 57, Waukesha, Wis., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1-C, column 2:Russian dishes include […] nalistniki, crepes stuffed with pate, with a mushroom sauce; […]
** 1998 May 31, “Alfred’s at Century Center showcases Russian art, cuisine”, in The Honolulu Advertiser, Honolulu, Haw.: Gannett, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Dining Out” section, page 7, column 1:Included on the Russian bill of fare are such favorite Slavic dishes as […] nalistniki (crepes stuffed with veal and chicken, served with a Madeira sauce).
** 1998 July 12, “A la carte”, in The Honolulu Advertiser, Honolulu, Haw.: Gannett, “Dining Out” section, page 2:Featured dishes include […] nalistniki (veal- and chicken-stuffed crepes with a Madeira sauce), […]
** 2002 March 21, Lee White, “A la carte: Restaurant news”, in Hartford Courant, volume CLXIV, number 80, Hartford, Conn.: The Hartford Courant Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page G4, column 3:Desserts will include strawberries Romanoff and nalistniki, crepes filled with ricotta cheese, dried fruit and almonds.

### Further reading

* pancake § Eastern Europe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# ܣܚܪܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

Compare Arabic شَحَر (šaḥar, “middle of a valley”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [s(ə.)ˈħar.tɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [saħˈrɑ.θɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܣܚܪܬܐ • (səḥartā) f (plural ܣܚܪܬܐ)
* (geography) valley

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɑˈħar.tɑ], [s(ə.)ˈħɑr.tɑ], [s(ə.)ˈħar.tɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [sɑħˈrɑ.θɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܣܚܪܬܐ • (sāḥartā, səḥārtā, səḥartā) f (plural ܣܚܪܬܐ)
* walled enclosure, citadel
* palace
* (architecture) (possibly) arch, vault; edifice, building

##### Inflection
### References

* “sḥrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2018-01-18
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 226b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 372b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 994a
# utchnąć
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈu.txnɔɲt͡ɕ/
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈu.txnɔɲt͡ɕ]

### Verb

utchnąć pf
* (intransitive, Przemyśl, Lasovia) Alternative form of utknąć
    Pług utchną na skrzynce. (Przemyśl) ― The plough got in the way on the box.
    Przy progu utchnęła i przewróciła sie (Przemyśl) ― At the threshold she got stuck and fell over.

### Further reading

* Aleksander Saloni (1908) “utchnąć”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 342
* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “utchnąć”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 265
# ܟܘܬܡܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܟ ܬ ܡ related to staining.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kuθm(ə)θɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [kuθmɑθɑ], [kuθme] (plural)

### Noun

ܟܘܬܡܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܟܘܬܡܐ or ܟܘܬܡܬܐ)
* spot, mark, stain
* pock; pockmark, scar, freckle
* (pathology) tetter, scabies, mange
* (figuratively) sin

#### Inflection
### References

* “kwtmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 165a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 212a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 616b
# flocculencies
## English
### Noun

flocculencies
* plural of flocculency
# matrastra
## Latin
### Etymology

From mātr- (“mother”) +‎ -astra (“wannabe”). Found in Imperial inscriptions and in the Reichenau Glossary.

### Noun

mātrastra f (genitive mātrastrae); first declension (Late Latin)
* stepmother
** CIL XI 6730, 4 :hic est Hirculis, qu[i] a matrastra sua / perivitThis is Hercules, who died at the hands of his stepmother.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Coordinate terms

* patraster

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Sicilian: marrastra, matrastra
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: marastra
* Gallo-Italic:
** Lombard: madrastra
** Piedmontese: marastra, madrastra
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: marastre, marrastre
*** French: marâtre
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: marastra, madrastra
** Old Occitan: mayrastra, mairastra
*** Occitan: mairastra
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: madrasta, madrastra
** Galician: madrasta, madrasca
** Portuguese: madrasta
** Spanish: madrastra

### References

* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “matrastra”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/1: Mabile–Mephitis, page 494
* ↑ Diehl, Ernst. 1910. Vulgärlateinische Inschriften. Bonn: Marcus & Weber. Page 106.
# ẹdọn
## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̄.dɔ̃̄/

#### Noun

ẹdọn
* (Ọwọ) Ọwọ form of ẹdun (“colobus monkey”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̄.dɔ̃̀/

#### Noun

ẹdọ̀n
* (Ọwọ) Ọwọ form of ẹdùn (“axe”)
# supply chain
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

supply chain (plural supply chains)
* A system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from the supplier to the customer.
    Synonyms: logistics network, supply network
    Hypernyms: chain; network
    Coordinate term: value chain
** 1905 January 5, “The Year at Home and Abroad”, in The Independent‎, volume 58, number 2927, page 7:[during the British expedition to Tibet] ... the expedition under General Macdonald became dominant. The difficulties of penetrating a hostile and barren country in the dead of winter, of keeping a supply chain with India unbroken, and of fighting for the capture of fortified passes ...
** 2019 May 28, Zachary Karabell, “How Hidden Billions Are Making the Rich Richer”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:In Bullough’s estimation, Moneyland is the dark twin of globalization, an unregulated system made possible by the same tissues of connectivity that have enabled global supply chains, cross-border trade and electronic cash flows.
** 2020 May 20, Andrew Roden, “Transport for London fears £3.2bn funding gap”, in Rail, page 8:It adds that the majority of TfL's costs are spent on its supply chain and internal labour costs. "Without a stable source of income or funding during the COVID-19 pandemic, our supply chain will not be able to gain adequate assurance that TfL will be able to fund their future commitments," the report concludes.
** 2021 November 28, Stephen Castle, Jenny Gross, “A Wine Rack on Rails? U.K. Businesses Seek Solutions to Shortages.”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Two months after gas and food shortages caused shudders of anxiety across the country, Britain continues to face challenges in its supply chain.

#### Derived terms

* supply chain attack
* supply chain visibility

#### Related terms

* food chain

#### See also

* interdependence
* last mile
* logistics
* resilience
* resupply
* supply line

### Further reading

* supply chain on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# -amentum
## Latin
### Etymology

Rebracketing of -mentum and a preceding stem-final -ā-.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aːˈmen.tum/, [äːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /aˈmen.tum/, [äˈmɛn̪t̪um]

### Suffix

-āmentum n (genitive -āmentī); second declension
* instrument, medium, or result of

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms
### References

* The Semantics of -mentum, -bulum, and -culum, by Edmund D. Cressman. January 1, 1915.
# ܣܝܡܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܣ ܘ ܡ related to placing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [s(ə)jɑmtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [s(ə)jɑmɑθɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܣܝܡܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܣܝܡܬܐ)
* (agriculture) planting, plantation
* composition, work
* sepulcher/sepulchre

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܣ ܘ ܡ related to placing. Compare Hebrew שִׂימָה (śîmâ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sim(ə)θɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [simɑθɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܣܝܡܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܣܝܡܬܐ)
* placement, deposition
* (hidden) treasure
* secret
* adoption
* burial, interment, tomb
* plantation

##### Inflection
### References

* “symh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 224a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1005a
# нездійсненний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From не- (ne-) +‎ здійснити (zdijsnyty) +‎ -е́нний (-énnyj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nezʲdʲii̯sˈnɛnːei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

нездійсне́нний • (nezdijsnénnyj) (adverb нездійсне́нно, abstract noun нездійсне́нність)
* impracticable, unfeasible, unimplementable, unrealizable

#### Related terms

* зді́йснення n (zdíjsnennja)
* зді́йснювати impf (zdíjsnjuvaty), здійсни́ти pf (zdijsnýty)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “нездійсненний”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2019), “нездійсненний”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 10 (на́ступ – о́бміль), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “нездійсненний”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “нездійсненний”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “нездійсненний”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “нездійсненний”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “нездійсненний”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ܟܝܢܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

From Aramaic כְּיָנָא (kəyānā); cognate to Arabic كِيَان (kiyān).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [kjɑːnɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [t͡ʃjɑːnɑː]

#### Noun

ܟܝܵܢܵܐ • (kyānā) m sg (plural ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (kyānē))
* nature, instinct
* essence, substance, form
* (Christianity, theology) nature, physis
    Coordinate terms: ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ (parṣōpā), ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā)

##### Derived terms

* ܒܲܪ ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (bar kyānā, “native, endemic, natural”)
* ܒܵܬܵܪ ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (bātār kyānā, “metaphysics”)
* ܟܝܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (kyānāˀīṯ, “naturally, of course”)
* ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܐ (kyānāyā, “natural”)
* ܡܡܲܠܠܘܼܬ ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܬܹ̈ܐ (mmallūt kyānāyātē, “physics”)
* ܥܙܝܼܠܵܐ ܒܸܟ݂ܝܵܢܵܐ (ˁzīlā biḵyānā, “naturally, of course”)
* ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܝ ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (trayyānāy kyānē, “Dyophysite”)

#### Proper noun

ܟܝܵܢܵܐ • (kyānā) f
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian چین (čin, “China”), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (cyn), from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), itself derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [t͡ʃiːnɑː]

#### Proper noun

ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐ • (čīnā) f
* Alternative form of ܨܝܼܢܵܐ (ṣīnā)

##### Usage notes

Although ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐ (čīnā) is the most common form in the spoken language, there is a push for ܨܝܼܢܵܐ (ṣīnā) to be used more often, especially in writing. Due to it being ambiguous with ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā, “nature”) in unvocalised writing.

##### Derived terms

* ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ (čīnāyā, “Chinese”)
* ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐܝܼܬ (čīnāˀīt, “Chinese language”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܟ ܘ ܢ related to existing; compare Arabic كِيَان (kiyān).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [k(ə.)ˈjɑ.nɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈkjɑ.nɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈkjo.no]

### Noun

ܟܝܢܐ • (kəyānā) m (plural ܟܝܢܐ (kəyānē))
* nature, instinct
* essence, substance, form
* (Christianity, theology) nature, physis
* procreation
* (euphemistic, anatomy) genitalia, sex organs, private parts

#### Coordinate terms

* (physis): ܦܪܨܘܦܐ (parṣōp̄ā), ܩܢܘܡܐ (qənōmā)

### References

* “kyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-05-28
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 153a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 213a–b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 619b
# patraster
## Latin

Picture dictionary :
Network Diagram for Roman Extended Families
atavia
atavus
abavia
abavus
proavia
proavus
avia
/ ava māterna
avus māternus
avia
/ ava paterna
avus paternus
cōnsobrīna
/ mātruēlis
cōnsobrīnus
/ mātruēlis
patruēlis
patruēlis
mātertera
avunculus
amita
patruus
/ barbās
māter
pater
sobrīna
/neptis
/neptia
sobrīnus
/ nepōs
frātruēlis
/neptis
/neptia
nepōs
/frātruus
/frātruēlis
sorōrius
/marītus sorōris
soror
frāter
frātria
/ uxor frātris
socrus
socer
/patraster
socrus
socer
/patraster
soror uxōris
frāter uxōris
glōs
lēvir
uxor
/marīta
/coniunx
/nūpta
marītus
/coniunx
gener
/ fīliaster
fīlia
/ nāta
fīlius
/ nātus
nurus
/ fīliastra
prōgener
neptis
/neptia
nepōs
prōnurus
proneptis
pronepōs
abneptis
abnepōs :

### Etymology

pater (“father”) +‎ -aster

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /paˈtras.ter/, [päˈt̪räs̠t̪ɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /paˈtras.ter/, [päˈt̪räst̪er]

### Noun

patraster m (genitive patrastrī); second declension
* father-in-law
* step-father
    Synonym: vītricus

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).

#### Synonyms

* (father-in-law): socer

#### Related terms

* pater
* paterfamiliās
* paternālis
* paternē
* paternitās
* paternus
* patria
* patricē
* patricīda
* patricius
* patricus
* patriē
* patrimōniālis
* patrimōniolum
* patrimōnium
* patrīmus
* patrītus
* patrium
* patrius
* patrōcinālis
* patrōcinātus
* patrōcinium
* patrōcinor
* patrōna
* patrōnālis
* patrōnātus
* patrōnus
* patruēlis
* patruus

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Sicilian: patrastru
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: padrastre
** French: parâtre
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: padrastru
** Galician: padrasto
** Portuguese: padrasto
** Spanish: padrastro

### References

* “patraster”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* patraster in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# Regild
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Regild m
* a male given name
# drobnému
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdrobnɛːmu]

### Adjective

drobnému
* dative masculine/neuter singular of drobný