# scarce
## English
### Alternative forms

* scarse (obsolete)
* scace (obsolete or dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle English scars, scarse, from Old Northern French scars, escars ("sparing, niggard, parsimonious, miserly, poor"; > French échars, Medieval Latin scarsus (“diminished, reduced”)), of uncertain origin. One theory is that it derives originally from a Late Latin *scarpsus, *excarpsus, a participle form of *excarpere (“take out”), from Latin ex- + carpere; yet the sense evolution is difficult to trace. Compare Middle Dutch schaers (“scarce”), Middle Dutch schaers (“a pair of shears, plowshare”), scheeren (“to shear”).
The standard pronunciation having the /ɛə(ɹ)/ vowel instead of expected /ɑː(ɹ)/ is due to a tendency for Old and Middle French preconsonantal /ar/ to be borrowed as Middle English /aːr/ that only survives in this word and dace in the modern standard, but is more frequent in Early Modern English and traditional dialects; compare Scots gairden (“garden”), lairge (“large”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈskɛəs/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈskɛɚs/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /skeːs/
* (New Zealand, without the cheer–chair merger) IPA: /skeəs/
* (New Zealand, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /skiəs/
* (Scotland) IPA: /skeɹs/
* (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA: /skɜː(ɹ)s/
* (nonstandard) IPA: /skɑː(ɹ)s/
* (dialectal) IPA: /ˈskeɪs/ (see scace)
* Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)s

### Adjective

scarce (comparative scarcer, superlative scarcest)
* (chiefly of resources, such as food) Uncommon, rare; difficult to find; insufficient to meet a demand.
    By the end of the 20th century elephants had become scarce even in Africa.
** 1691, [John Locke], Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], published 1692, →OCLC:You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and therefore risen in value one fifth.
** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter III, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.
* Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); used with of.
    The project failed due to the scarce resources in the national market.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:a region scarce of prey

#### Synonyms

* (uncommon, rare): geason, infrequent, raresome; see also Thesaurus:rare

#### Derived terms

* make oneself scarce
* scarce as hen's teeth
* scarce chaser
* scarce copper
* scarcely
* scarcen
* scarceness

#### Related terms

* scarcity

#### Translations
### Adverb

scarce (not comparable)
* (archaic, literary) Scarcely, only just.
** 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “An Epitaph on the Marchioness of Winchester”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC, page 24:The Virgin quite for her requeſt / The God that ſits at marriage feaſt; / He at their invoking came / But with a ſcarce-wel-lighted flame; / And in his Garland as he ſtood, / Ye might diſcern a Cipreſs bud.
** 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Permitted to See the Grand Academy of Lagado. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 78:I was at the Mathematical School, where the Maſter taught his Pupils after a Method ſcarce imaginable to us in Europe. The Propoſition and Demonſtration were fairly written on a thin Wafer, with Ink compoſed of a Cephalick Tincture. This the Student was to ſwallow upon a faſting Stomach, and for three days following eat nothing but Bread and Water. As the Wafer digeſted, the Tincture mounted to his Brain, bearing the Propoſition along with it.
** 1845 February, — Quarles [pseudonym; Edgar Allan Poe], “The Raven”, in The American Review‎, volume I, number II, New York, N.Y., London: Wiley & Putnam, […], →OCLC, page 144:And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, / That I scarce was sure I heard you […]
** [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:Yet had I scarce set foot in the passage when I stopped, remembering how once already this same evening I had played the coward, and run home scared with my own fears.
** 1906 August, Alfred Noyes, “The Highwayman”, in Poems, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published October 1906, →OCLC, part 1, stanza VI, page 48:He rose upright in the stirrups; he scarce could reach her hand, / But she loosened her hair i' the casement! His face burnt like a brand / As the black cascade of perfume came tumbling over his breast; / And he kissed its waves in the moonlight, / (Oh, sweet, black waves in the moonlight!)
** 1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Vintage, published 1993, page 122:Upon the barred and slitted wall the splotched shadow of the heaven tree shuddered and pulsed monstrously in scarce any wind.
** 1969, John Cleese, Monty Python's Flying Circus:Well, it's scarce the replacement then, is it?

### References

* ↑ Dobson, E. J. (1957) English pronunciation 1500-1700‎, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 6, page 469.
* ↑ Stanley, Oma (1937) “I. Vowel Sounds in Stressed Syllables”, in The Speech of East Texas (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 2), New York: Columbia University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 6, page 16.

### Anagrams

* Craces, arcsec

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

scarce
* Alternative form of sarse

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

scarce
* Alternative form of scars

#### Adverb

scarce
* Alternative form of scars