# momentum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin mōmentum. Doublet of moment and movement.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/
* (US) IPA: /ˌmoʊˈmɛntəm/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

momentum (countable and uncountable, plural momentums or momenta)
* (physics) Of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.
* (physics) Strength or force gained by motion or movement.
* The impetus, either of a body in motion, or of an idea or course of events; a moment.
** 1843, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mosses from an Old Manse, The Old Apple Dealer:The travellers swarm forth from the cars. All are full of the momentum which they have caught from their mode of conveyance.
** 1882, Thomas Hardy, chapter II, in Two on a Tower. A Romance. [...] In Three Volumes, volume II, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 31:Their intention to become husband and wife, at first halting and timorous, had accumulated momentum with the lapse of hours, till it now bore down every obstacle in its course.
** 2013 September 14, Jane Shilling, “The Golden Thread: the Story of Writing, by Ewan Clayton, review [print edition: Illuminating language]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎, page R29:Though his account of written communication over the past 5,000 years necessarily has a powerful forward momentum, his diversions down the fascinating byways of the subject are irresistible ...

#### Derived terms

* angular momentum
* crystal momentum
* four-momentum
* gain momentum
* -mentum
* Planck momentum
* pseudomomentum
* quasimomentum

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* wind at one's back

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mo.ˈmɛn.tʊm/
* Rhymes: -tʊm, -ʊm, -m
* Hyphenation: mo‧men‧tum

### Noun

momentum (plural momentum-momentum)
* momentum:
** (mechanics) of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.
    Synonyms: impuls, pusa
** moment
** chance
    Synonyms: kans, kesempatan

#### Derived terms

* momentum sudut

#### Related terms

* momen

### Further reading

* “momentum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From *movimentum (compare later Medieval Latin movimentum), from Proto-Italic *mowementom. Equivalent to moveō (“move, set in motion; excite”) + -mentum (“suffix used to forming nouns from verbs”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /moːˈmen.tum/, [moːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /moˈmen.tum/, [moˈmɛn̪t̪um]

### Noun

mōmentum n (genitive mōmentī); second declension
* movement, motion, impulse; course
* change, revolution, movement, disturbance
* particle, part, point
* (of time) brief space, moment (in time), short time
    Synonym: vestīgium
* cause, circumstance
* weight, influence, importance
    Synonyms: importantia, gravitās, pondus, opportūnitās
    mōmentum facere/habere ― to have importance, to exercise influence
    maximē mōmentī ― most important
* (New Latin, physics) momentum, quantity of motion [from 18th c.]
* (New Latin, physics, mechanics) moment (product of a distance and physical quantity) [from 15th c.]

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* mōmentāliter
* mōmentāna
* mōmentāneus
* mōmentārius
* mōmentōsus

#### Descendants

* Albanian: mënd
* Asturian: momentu
* Catalan: moment
* Dutch: moment
* → English: momentum
* Esperanto: momento
* Friulian: moment
* Galician: momento
* German: Moment
* Irish: móimint
* Italian: momento
* Ladin: mument, mumënt
* Old French: moment
** → Middle English: moment
*** English: moment
** Middle French: moment
*** French: moment
**** → Romanian: moment
*** → Middle Dutch: moment
**** Dutch: moment
***** Afrikaans: moment
***** → Indonesian: momen
* Occitan: moment
* Polish: moment
* Portuguese: momento
* Romansch: mument, mumaint
* Russian: моме́нт (momént)
* Sardinian: mamentu, mementu, momentu
* Scottish Gaelic: mòmaid
* Sicilian: mumentu
* Spanish: momento
* Venetan: momento, mumento

### References

* “momentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “momentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* momentum in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* "momentum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* momentum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. at the important moment: momento temporis important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent to be of great (no) importance: magni (nullius) momenti esse to determine the issue of; to turn the scale: momentum afferre ad aliquid