# や

| や | U+3084, &#12420; HIRAGANA LETTER YA |
| ← ゃ [U+3083] | Hiragana | ゅ → [U+3085] |

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 也 in the cursive sōsho style.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠]

#### Syllable

や • (ya)
* The hiragana syllable や (ya). Its equivalent in katakana is ヤ (ya). It is the thirty-sixth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is や行あ段 (ya-gyō a-dan, “row ya, section a”).

##### See also

* (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠]

#### Particle

や • (ya)
* and/or
    おとしよりや体(からだ)の不自(ふじ)由(ゆう)な方(かた)は登(とう)録(ろく)しませんか。
       O-toshiyori ya karada no fujiyū na kata wa tōroku shimasen ka.
       Don’t seniors and the physically handicapped [and others] register?
    最(さい)近(きん)は犬(いぬ)や猫(ねこ)を飼(か)っている人(ひと)は多(おお)い
       saikin wa inu ya neko o katte iru hito wa ōi
       recently, many people are raising [animals like] dogs and/or cats

##### Usage notes

* Used to conjoin nouns, や (ya) may imply that the list is not limited to the nouns named. Contrast with と (to), the other particle typically used to conjoin nouns, which implies that the list is limited to the stated nouns.
* It is not used in legal documents or academic papers because it lacks comprehensiveness or exhaustiveness. For example, “AやB” often implies that in addition to A and B, something else is also included.

### Etymology 3

Phonetic change of じゃ (ja) in the late Edo period

#### Verb

や • (ya)
* (Kansai, Shikoku, Hokuriku, Fukuoka) is, are
    Variation on the Japanese copula だ (da), associated with Kansai dialect, particularly Ōsaka. The use of や (ya) is common in fictional dialogue attributed to characters from Ōsaka.
    はよせーや！ ― hayo sē ya! ― (dialect) Hurry the hell up!
    まあ、ぼちぼちやなあ。
       Mā, bochibochi ya nā.
       Well, things are slow. (a stereotypical Ōsaka expression)
** 2016, Makoto Shinkai, director, 君の名は。 [your name.], spoken by Mitsuha Miyamizu (Mone Kamishiraishi), Toho:もうこんな町嫌や！こんな人生嫌や！Mō konna machi iya ya! Konna jinsei iya ya!I'm sick of this town! I'm sick of living like this!
** 2020, Osaka Prefectural Police searching yakuza residence‎, spoken by Osaka Prefectural Police detective:
    大(おお)阪(さか)や！はよ開(あ)けんかいゴラァ！
       Ōsaka ya ! Hayo aken kai gorā !
       This is [the] Osaka [Prefectural Police]! Hurry up and open the door!

##### Usage notes

* This word is phonologically enclitic, like particles, since it is basically a contraction of a particle (で) and a verb. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | や | ya |
| Continuative (連用形) | で | de |
| Terminal (終止形) | や | da |
| Attributive (連体形) | である | de aru |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | なら であれ | nara de are |
| Imperative (命令形) | - | - |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | - | - |
| Causative | - | - |
| Potential | - | - |
| Volitional | やろう¹ | yarō¹ |
| Negative | やない | ya nai |
| Negative continuative | やのうて² やなくて² | ya nōte² ya nakute² |
| Formal | です, だす³, どす³ | desu, dasu³, dosu³ |
| Perfective | やった | yatta |
| Conjunctive | で やって | de yatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | ならば であれば やったら | naraba de areba yattara |
| ¹ usually shortened to やろ (yaro). ² often replaced to an alternative expression とちごうて (to chigōte). ³ だす (dasu) is used in traditional Osaka dialect and どす (dosu) is used in traditional Kyoto dialect. ||||

### Etymology 4
#### Alternative forms

* やー (yā)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠]

#### Adjective

や • (ya) -na (adnominal やな (ya na), adverbial やに (ya ni))
* (informal) Alternative form of いや (iya)
    学(がっ)校(こう)はやだ。
       Gakkō wa ya da.
       I don't wanna go to school.

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | やだろ | ya daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | やで | ya de |
| Terminal (終止形) | やだ | ya da |
| Attributive (連体形) | やな | ya na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | やなら | ya nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | やであれ | ya de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | やではない やじゃない | ya de wa nai ya ja nai |
| Informal past | やだった | ya datta |
| Informal negative past | やではなかった やじゃなかった | ya de wa nakatta ya ja nakatta |
| Formal | やです | ya desu |
| Formal negative | やではありません やじゃありません | ya de wa arimasen ya ja arimasen |
| Formal past | やでした | ya deshita |
| Formal negative past | やではありませんでした やじゃありませんでした | ya de wa arimasen deshita ya ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | やで | ya de |
| Conditional | やなら（ば） | ya nara (ba) |
| Provisional | やだったら | ya dattara |
| Volitional | やだろう | ya darō |
| Adverbial | やに | ya ni |
| Degree | やさ | yasa |

##### See also

* やだ (yada)

### Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entry. :
| 【矢】2 | [noun] (archery, weaponry) an arrow [noun] a wedge used to break hard objects such as wood or stone [noun] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of arrows [proper noun] a place name |
(This term, や (ya), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.) :

### Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entries. :
| 【屋】3 | [noun] house [suffix] shop, establishment [suffix] someone who sells or does that thing; -ist [suffix] someone with that characteristic Alternative spelling 家 |
(This term, や (ya), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.) :
(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 家.)

### Etymology 7

For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entry. :
| 【八】1 | [noun] eight |
(This term, や (ya), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.) :

### Etymology 8

* Alternative spelling
* 輻

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) や [yáꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ja̠]

#### Noun

や • (ya)
* spoke (of a wheel)
    Synonym: スポーク (supōku)
    Coordinate term: こしき (koshiki, “hub”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Okinawan
### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *wa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with Japanese は (wa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ja/

### Particle

や (ya)
* topic marker
    今日(ちゅー)や良(い)い天気(てぃんち)でーびる。
       Chū-ya ii tinchi dēbiru.
       It is a fine day.
       (literally, “today + as for + good + weather + is”)

#### Usage notes

Used after words ending in long vowels.

### References

* “や” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* 1902, E. R. Edwards, nouts ɔn kəɹiən ən ˈluwˈtʃuwən, in lə mɛːtrə fɔnetik, p.114