# -nál
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [naːl]

### Etymology 1

Case suffix.

#### Suffix

-nál/-nél (adessive case suffix)
* at, by
    A háznál várt rám. ― He was waiting for me at the house.
* than (used with comparative)
    Synonyms: mint, (folksy) -tól/-től
    Minél több, annál jobb. ― The more, the better.
    Ez a szám nagyobb a másiknál. ― This number is bigger than the other.

##### Usage notes

* (adessive case suffix) Variants:
    -nál is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
       a hegy lába (“the foot of the mountain”) → a hegy lábánál ― at the foot of the mountain
    -nél is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
       az ágy feje (“the head of the bed”) → az ágy fejénél ― at the head of the bed
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | unrounded e, é, i, í | rounded ö, ő, ü, ű |
| nominative | — | — | — |
| accusative | -t | -t | -t |
| accusative | -ot / -at | -et | -öt |
| dative | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | -vel |
| causal-final | -ért | -ért | -ért |
| translative | -vá | -vé | -vé |
| terminative | -ig | -ig | -ig |
| essive-formal | -ként | -ként | -ként |
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | -ül |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | -ben |
| superessive | -n | -n | -n |
| superessive | -on | -en | -ön |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | -nél |
| illative | -ba | -be | -be |
| sublative | -ra | -re | -re |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | -ből |
| delative | -ról | -ről | -ről |
| ablative | -tól | -től | -től |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.  alma — almában, but almaként  zene ― zenében, but zeneként ||||

##### See also

* nála
* Category:Hungarian terms taking -nál/-nél
$^1$Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns /

### Etymology 2

From -ná (conditional suffix) +‎ -l (personal suffix).

#### Suffix

-nál
* (conditional suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-nál → ‎olvasnál (“you would read”)
    Olvasnál valamit? ― Would you read something?

##### Usage notes

* (conditional suffix) Variants:
    -nál is added to most back-vowel verbs
       ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-nál → ‎várnál (“you would wait”)
    -nél is added to most front-vowel verbs
       ‎kér (“to ask”) + ‎-nél → ‎kérnél (“you would ask”)
    -anál is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions: áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)
       ‎mond (“to say something”) + ‎-anál → ‎mondanál (“you would say something”)
       ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-anál → ‎tanítanál (“you would teach”)
    -enél is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t
       ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-enél → ‎festenél (“you would paint”)
       ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-enél → ‎segítenél (“you would help”)
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -nék | -nék | -nék |
| én | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anék | -enék | -enék |
| te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | -nél |
| te | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anál | -enél | -enél |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | -na | -ne | -ne |
| ő maga ön | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -ana | -ene | -ene |
| mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | -nénk |
| mi | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anánk | -enénk | -enénk |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | -nétek |
| ti | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anátok | -enétek | -enétek |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | -nének |
| ők maguk önök | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anának | -enének | -enének |
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||

##### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes