# 溫

| 溫 | U+6EAB, &#28331; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EAB |
| ← 溪 [U+6EAA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 溬 → [U+6EAC] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 温 |
| Simplified | 温 |
| Traditional | 溫 |

### Han character

溫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水田人廿 (EWOT), four-corner 3611$_7$, composition ⿰氵𥁕)

#### Derived characters

* 薀(蕰), 𨷇

#### Related characters

* 温 (Simplified Chinese, also the preferred form used in modern Hong Kong)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 640, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17968
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1699, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6EAB

## Chinese

* 溫姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 温氏 (Cantonese)
* Un (súi-pêng) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 溫 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 媪 |
| 蝹 | *quːʔ, *qrun, *qun |
| 溫 | *quːn |
| 𥁕 | *quːn |
| 輼 | *quːn |
| 蕰 | *quːn, *qunʔ, *quns |
| 殟 | *quːn, *quːd |
| 豱 | *quːn |
| 緼 | *quːn, *qun, *qunʔ, *quns |
| 韞 | *quːn, *qunʔ |
| 瘟 | *quːn |
| 揾 | *quːns, *qunʔ, *quːd |
| 氲 | *qun |
| 煴 | *qun, *quns |
| 馧 | *qun, *quːd |
| 蒀 |
| 藴 | *qun, *qunʔ |
| 褞 | *qunʔ |
| 醖 |
| 慍 | *quns |
| 蘊 | *quns |
| 腽 | *quːd |
| 榅 | *quːd |
| 嗢 | *quːd, *qruːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *quːn): semantic 氵 + phonetic 𥁕 (OC *quːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wēn (wen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vun$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vûn
    (Hailu, HRS): vun$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vun$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ong$^1$ / uong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): un
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ung$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$uen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wun
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^1$
*** Yale: wēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uen
*** Palladius: вэнь (vɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^1$
*** Yale: wān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /vun³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋun⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: uong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
*** Tâi-lô: un
*** Phofsit Daibuun: wn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /un⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ung
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$uen
*** MiniDict: uen$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$un
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /uən⁵³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit溫 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vən²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /uẽ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /və̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /və̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vɤŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uen⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /un³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /uən²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /və̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /uəŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /uən⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔun³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠y³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /uʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uən³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /un⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /vun⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vun²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐn⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɐn⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɐn⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /un⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /uŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /un²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'won
Rime :
| Character | 溫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏渾切 |
| Baxter | 'won |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuən/ |
| Wang Li | /uən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤun/
    (Zhengzhang): /*quːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 溫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁun/ |
| English | warm; gentle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 溫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12969 |
| Phonetic component | 昷 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𥁕 |
| Old Chinese | /*quːn/ |

### Definitions

溫
* (of temperature) lukewarm; warm
* to warm up; to raise the temperature of
* to revise; to review; to go over; to brush up
* (chiefly in compounds) temperature
* tepid; mild; soft; tender; gentle
* irresolute; indecisive; weak
* a surname, Wen
    溫家寶／温家宝 ― Wēn Jiābǎo ― Wen Jiabao, Premier (2004-2013)
* Alternative form of 瘟 (wēn)

#### Synonyms

* (to revise):
* 溫書 / 温书 (wēnshū)
* 溫習 / 温习 (wēnxí)
* 複習 / 复习 (fùxí)
* (temperature): 溫度／温度 (wēndù)

### Compounds

* 三溫暖 / 三温暖 (sānwēnnuǎn)
* 低溫 / 低温 (dīwēn)
* 低溫殺菌 / 低温杀菌
* 低溫食品 / 低温食品
* 保溫 / 保温 (bǎowēn)
* 保溫瓶 / 保温瓶 (bǎowēnpíng)
* 保溫箱 / 保温箱
* 候溫 / 候温
* 冬溫夏凊 / 冬温夏凊
* 別後寒溫 / 别后寒温
* 北溫帶 / 北温带 (běiwēndài)
* 同溫層 / 同温层 (tóngwēncéng)
* 囊溫郎當 / 囊温郎当
* 基礎體溫 / 基础体温
* 室溫 / 室温 (shìwēn)
* 寒溫 / 寒温
* 寒溫序 / 寒温序
* 常溫 / 常温 (chángwēn)
* 常溫動物 / 常温动物
* 常溫層 / 常温层
* 平均溫度 / 平均温度
* 弼馬溫 / 弼马温 (Bìmǎwēn)
* 恆溫 / 恒温 (héngwēn)
* 恆溫動物 / 恒温动物 (héngwēn dòngwù)
* 恆溫層 / 恒温层
* 扇枕溫席 / 扇枕温席
* 扇枕溫衾 / 扇枕温衾
* 扇枕溫被 / 扇枕温被
* 拿摩溫 / 拿摩温 (námówēn)
* 挾冰求溫 / 挟冰求温
* 斜溫層 / 斜温层
* 朱溫 / 朱温
* 桓溫 / 桓温
* 格溫內斯 / 格温内斯 (Géwēnnèisī)
* 款語溫言 / 款语温言
* 氣溫 / 气温 (qìwēn)
* 水溫 / 水温 (shuǐwēn)
* 溫克 / 温克
* 溫八叉 / 温八叉
* 溫卷 / 温卷
* 溫厚 / 温厚 (wēnhòu)
* 溫吞吞 / 温吞吞
* 溫和 / 温和
* 溫和飲食 / 温和饮食
* 溫哥華 / 温哥华 (Wēngēhuá)
* 溫婉 / 温婉 (wēnwǎn)
* 溫存 / 温存 (wēncún)
* 溫室 / 温室 (wēnshì)
* 溫室效應 / 温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng)
* 溫宿 / 温宿 (Wēnsù)
* 溫尼伯 / 温尼伯 (Wēnníbó)
* 溫居 / 温居 (wēnjū)
* 溫嶠 / 温峤
* 溫州 / 温州 (Wēnzhōu)
* 溫差 / 温差 (wēnchā)
* 溫布頓 / 温布顿 (Wēnbùdùn)
* 溫席扇枕 / 温席扇枕
* 溫帶 / 温带 (wēndài)
* 溫帶植物 / 温带植物
* 溫帶氣旋 / 温带气旋 (wēndài qìxuán)
* 溫床 / 温床 (wēnchuáng)
* 溫度 / 温度 (wēndù)
* 溫度表 / 温度表 (wēndùbiǎo)
* 溫度計 / 温度计 (wēndùjì)
* 溫庭筠 / 温庭筠
* 溫情 / 温情 (wēnqíng)
* 溫情主義 / 温情主义
* 溫故知新 / 温故知新 (wēngùzhīxīn)
* 溫文 / 温文 (wēnwén)
* 溫文儒雅 / 温文儒雅
* 溫文爾雅 / 温文尔雅 (wēnwén'ěryǎ)
* 溫暖 / 温暖 (wēnnuǎn)
* 溫暾 / 温暾
* 溫書 / 温书 (wēnshū)
* 溫柔 / 温柔 (wēnróu)
* 溫柔敦厚 / 温柔敦厚
* 溫柔鄉 / 温柔乡
* 溫毛 / 温毛
* 溫水 / 温水 (wēnshuǐ)
* 溫泉 / 温泉 (wēnquán)
* 溫泉浴 / 温泉浴
* 溫淳 / 温淳
* 溫湯 / 温汤
* 溫溫 / 温温
* 溫潤 / 温润 (wēnrùn)
* 溫潤如玉 / 温润如玉
* 溫煦 / 温煦 (wēnxù)
* 溫熱 / 温热 (wēnrè)
* 溫習 / 温习 (wēnxí)
* 溫良 / 温良 (wēnliáng)
* 溫血動物 / 温血动物 (wēnxuè dòngwù)
* 溫覺 / 温觉
* 溫酒 / 温酒 (wēnjiǔ)
* 溫雅 / 温雅 (wēnyǎ)
* 溫順 / 温顺 (wēnshùn)
* 溫飽 / 温饱 (wēnbǎo)
* 溫香豔玉 / 温香艳玉
* 溫香軟玉 / 温香软玉
* 溫馨 / 温馨 (wēnxīn)
* 溫馴 / 温驯 (wēnxùn)
* 溫鰲妝燕 / 温鳌妆燕
* 燃犀溫嶠 / 燃犀温峤
* 爾雅溫文 / 尔雅温文
* 玉軟香溫 / 玉软香温
* 等溫線 / 等温线 (děngwēnxiàn)
* 絕對溫度 / 绝对温度 (juéduì wēndù)
* 腼腆溫柔
* 舊夢重溫 / 旧梦重温
* 色思溫 / 色思温
* 色溫 / 色温 (sèwēn)
* 華氏溫標 / 华氏温标
* 薩爾溫江 / 萨尔温江 (Sà'ěrwēn Jiāng)
* 變溫 / 变温
* 變溫動物 / 变温动物 (biànwēn dòngwù)
* 變溫層 / 变温层
* 超低溫 / 超低温 (chāodīwēn)
* 軟玉溫香 / 软玉温香
* 軟語溫存 / 软语温存
* 軟香溫玉 / 软香温玉
* 逆溫 / 逆温
* 逆溫層 / 逆温层
* 鄂溫克族 / 鄂温克族 (Èwēnkèzú)
* 重溫舊夢 / 重温旧梦
* 重溫舊業 / 重温旧业
* 降溫 / 降温 (jiàngwēn)
* 餘溫 / 余温 (yúwēn)
* 香溫玉軟 / 香温玉软
* 香潤玉溫 / 香润玉温
* 馬克吐溫 / 马克吐温
* 體溫 / 体温 (tǐwēn)
* 體溫計 / 体温计 (tǐwēnjì)
* 體溫錶 / 体温表 (tǐwēnbiǎo)
* 高溫 / 高温 (gāowēn)
* 高溫消毒 / 高温消毒
* 高空逆溫 / 高空逆温

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 温(おん) (on)
* → Korean: 온(溫) (on)
* → Vietnamese: ôn (溫)
Others:
* → Proto-Tai: *ʔunᴮ
** Thai: อุ่น (ùn)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 温 |
| Kyūjitai | 溫 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 温)
* lukewarm
* warm
* tepid
* mild

### Proper noun

溫(おん) • (On)
* a female given name

#### Readings

* Go-on: おん (on)
* Kan-on: おん (on)
* Tō-on: うん (un)
* Kun: あたたか (atataka, 溫か)、あたためる (atatameru, 溫める)

## Korean
### Hanja

溫 (eumhun 따뜻할 온 (ttatteuthal on))
* hanja form of 온 (“warm”)
* hanja form of 온 (“heat up”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

溫: Hán Nôm readings: ôn
* lukewarm (variant of 温)

### References

* http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=6E29