# година
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic година (godina, “time, hour”), from Proto-Slavic *godina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡoˈdinɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

годи́на • (godína) f
* year
* age

#### Declension

$^1$Folk-poetic.

#### See also

* въ́зраст (vǎ́zrast)
* ла́зарник (lázarnik)

### References

* “година”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “година”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic година (godina, “time, hour”), from Proto-Slavic *godina, from *godъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡɔdina]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: го‧ди‧на

### Noun

го́дина • (gódina) f (plural го́дини, relational adjective го́дишен, diminutive го́динка)
* year (the time it takes the Earth to go around the Sun, solar year)
* cycle
* (in the plural) decade
    осумдесе́ттите (го́дини) ― osumdeséttite (gódini) ― the eighties / '80s
* period
* age
* year (of a magazine, newspaper, etc)
    Ко́ја го́дина е списани́ево? ― Kója gódina e spisaníevo? ― What year is this magazine?
* remembrance

#### Usage notes

* Most Macedonians shorten it to just "осумдесе́ттите" (the eighties). "Го́дини" is optional here but when it is used, it must be in the plural.
* Instead of saying "о́ва списа́ние", (this magazine) you can simply shorten it to списани́ево (this magazine). Look at the declension of списа́ние (spisánie), which is used in the definite proximal.

#### Declension
### References

* “година” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

From годъ (godŭ) +‎ -ина (-ina), or from Proto-Slavic *godina.

### Noun

година • (godina) f
* time, suitable time
* hour
** “ⰳⱁⰴⰻⱀⰰ (leaf 126, line -11)”, in Codex Zographensis [Глаг. 1]‎ (in Old Church Slavonic), National Library of Russia, 1000±33, page Mk:15:25:
    Бѣ же година трьтьѣ · ꙇ҅ пропѧшѧ і ·Bě že godina trĭtĭjhě · i propęšę i ·And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.

#### Descendants

* Bulgarian: годи́на (godína)
* → Macedonian: година (godina)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Cyrillic: го̏дина
** Latin: gȍdina

## Russian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *godina. Equivalent to год (god) +‎ -ина (-ina).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡɐˈdʲinə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

годи́на • (godína) f inan (genitive годи́ны, nominative plural годи́ны, genitive plural годи́н)
* (poetic) time
    годи́на бе́дствий ― godína bédstvij ― a calamitous time
    тяжёлая годи́на ― tjažólaja godína ― hard times
* (poetic) year

#### Derived terms

* го́дный (gódnyj)
* годи́ться (godítʹsja)

#### Related terms

* год (god)
* пого́да (pogóda)
* вы́года (výgoda)
* уго́да (ugóda)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *godina. Equivalent to го̑д +‎ -ина.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡôdina/
* Hyphenation: го‧ди‧на

### Noun

го̏дина f (Latin spelling gȍdina)
* year

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “година”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian годи́на (hodína, “hour, time”), from Old East Slavic година (godina, “time, hour”), from Proto-Slavic *godina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦɔˈdɪnɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

годи́на • (hodýna) f inan (genitive годи́ни, nominative plural годи́ни, genitive plural годи́н, relational adjective годи́нний)
* hour
    котра́ годи́на? ― kotrá hodýna? ― what time is it? (literally, “which hour?”)
* (poetic) time
    у цю скрутну́ годи́ну ― u cju skrutnú hodýnu ― in this difficult time

#### Derived terms

* годи́нник m (hodýnnyk)
* коменда́нтська годи́на f (komendántsʹka hodýna)
* багатогоди́нний (bahatohodýnnyj)
* восьмигоди́нний (vosʹmyhodýnnyj)
* годи́нний (hodýnnyj)
* двадцятигоди́нний (dvadcjatyhodýnnyj)
* двогоди́нний (dvohodýnnyj)
* дев'ятигоди́нний (devʺjatyhodýnnyj)
* десятигоди́нний (desjatyhodýnnyj)
* кількагоди́нний (kilʹkahodýnnyj)
* одинадцятигоди́нний (odynadcjatyhodýnnyj)
* п'ятигоди́нний (pʺjatyhodýnnyj)
* півгоди́нний (pivhodýnnyj)
* півторагоди́нний (pivtorahodýnnyj)
* семигоди́нний (semyhodýnnyj)
* тригоди́нний (tryhodýnnyj)
* чотиригоди́нний (čotyryhodýnnyj)
* шестигоди́нний (šestyhodýnnyj)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “година”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “година”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)