# अर्थ
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /əɾt̪ʰ/, [ɐɾt̪ʰ]
* Hyphenation: अर्थ
* Rhymes: -əɾt̪ʰ

### Noun

अर्थ • (arth) m (Urdu spelling اَرتھ)
* meaning, purport
    Synonym: मतलब (matlab)
    इस शब्द के कई अर्थ हैं।is śabd ke kaī arth ha͠i.This word has several meanings.
* sense
    अब जाने का कोई अर्थ नहीं है।ab jāne kā koī arth nahī̃ hai.There is no sense in going now.
* (in compounds) wealth, prosperity
    चोरी करने का अर्थदंड बहुत ऊँचा है।corī karne kā arthadaṇḍ bahut ū̃cā hai.The fine (lit. money-penalty) for stealing is very high.

#### Derived terms

* अर्थकर (arthakar)
* अर्थगत (arthagat)
* अर्थगर्भित (arthagarbhit)
* अर्थदंड (arthadaṇḍ)
* अर्थनीति (arthanīti)
* अर्थनैतिक (arthanaitik)
* अर्थपूर्ण (arthapūrṇ)
* अर्थप्रक्रिया (arthaprakriyā)
* अर्थभेद (arthabhed)
* अर्थविचार (arthavicār)
* अर्थविज्ञान (arthavijñān)
* अर्थविधि (arthavidhi)
* अर्थविवाद (arthavivād)
* अर्थव्यवस्था (arthavyavasthā)
* अर्थशास्त्र (arthaśāstra)
* अर्थहीन (arthahīn)
* अर्थागम (arthāgam)
* अर्थाधिकारिणी (arthādhikāriṇī)
* अर्थाधिकारी (arthādhikārī)
* अर्थानुबन्ध (arthānubandh)
* अर्थार्जन (arthārjan)
* अर्थोपार्जन (arthopārjan)

### Further reading

* Platts, John T. (1884) “अर्थ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Konkani
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

### Noun

अर्थ • (artha) (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)
* meaning, sense

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi अर्थ (artha), from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əɾ.t̪ʰə/
* Hyphenation: अर्‧थ, अर्थ
* Rhymes: -ə

### Noun

अर्थ • (artha) m
* meaning, significance
    Antonym: अनर्थ (anartha)
    या शब्दाचा अर्थ काय?yā śabdācā artha kāy?What is the meaning of this word?
* intention, aim
    Synonym: हेतू (hetū)
* substance, money, wealth, property
    Synonyms: पैसा (paisā), वित्त (vitta)

#### Derived terms

* अर्थपूर्ण (arthapūrṇa, “meaningful”)
* अर्थमंत्रालय (arthamantrālay, “ministry of finance”)
* अर्थमंत्री (arthamantrī, “finance minister”)
* अर्थार्जन (arthārjan)
* निरर्थक (nirarthak, “meaningless”)

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “अर्थ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “अर्थ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “अर्थ”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “अर्थ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʌrt̪ʰʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: अर्थ

### Noun

अर्थ • (artha)
* meaning, purport
* wealth, prosperity
* sense

### Further reading

* “अर्थ”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অৰ্থ (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
* অর্থ (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
* အရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
* અર્થ (Gujarati script)
* ਅਰ੍ਥ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂩𑂹𑂟 (Kaithi script)
* ಅರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
* អថ៌ (Khmer script)
* ອຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
* അര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
* ᠠᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
* ଅର୍ଥ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
* අර්‍ථ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩼 𑪙𑩬 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚤𑚶𑚚 (Takri script)
* அர்த² (Tamil script)
* అర్థ (Telugu script)
* อรฺถ (Thai script)
* ཨ་རྠ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨫𑩇𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hártʰam (“matter, object, purpose”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬀 (ar$^ə$θa).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ́ɾ.tʰɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɐɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

### Noun

अर्थ • (ártha) stem, m or n
* aim, purpose, meaning
* advantage, use, utility
* profit
* prosperity
* interest
* thing, object
* money, wealth, property, opulence, substance
* affair, concern
* (in law) lawsuit, action
* sense, notion
* manner, kind
* price

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Pali: attha
** → Khmer: អត្ថ (ʼat)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (aṭṭha), 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣 (attha)
** Gujarati: આથ (ātha)
* → Assamese: অৰ্থ (ortho) (learned)
* → Bengali: অর্থ (ôrthô) (learned)
* → Gujarati: અર્થ (arth) (learned)
* → Hindustani: arth (learned)
    Hindi: अर्थ
    Urdu: اَرتھ
* → Malay: harta, arta
** > Indonesian: harta (inherited)
** → Iban: reta
* → Kannada: ಅರ್ಥ (artha) (learned)
* → Malayalam: അർത്ഥം (aṟtthaṁ) (learned)
* → Marathi: [script needed] (artha) (learned)
    Devanagari script: अर्थ
    Modi script: 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘞
* → Nepali: अर्थ (artha) (learned)
* → Old Javanese: artha, arthi
** > Javanese: ꦄꦂꦛ (inherited) → ꦲꦂꦠ (arta)
*** → Indonesian: arta
** → Balinese: ᬅᬃᬣ (arta)
** > Javanese: ꦲꦂꦠꦶ (arti) (inherited)
*** → Indonesian: arti
** Javanese: ꦲꦼꦂꦠꦶ (erti), ꦉꦠꦶ (reti)
** >? Malay: erti, reti (informal)
*** > Indonesian: erti (inherited)
* → Tamil: அர்த்தம் (arttam) (learned)
* ⇒ Telugu: అర్థము (arthamu)
* → Tocharian B: ārth

### References

* “अ॑र्थ” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 41, column 2.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अर्थ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 027
* Monier Williams (1899) “अर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 90, column 2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 117