# bog
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: bôg, IPA: /bɔɡ/
** (cot–caught merger) enPR: bäg, IPA: /bɑɡ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bŏg, IPA: /bɒɡ/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒɡ

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English bog (originally chiefly in Ireland and Scotland), from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.
The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”).
Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes, but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”), which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog, still used in Australian English. The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.

#### Noun

bog (plural bogs)
* An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; any swamp, marsh or mire.
** 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii], line 56:They that ride so... fall into foule Boggs.
** 1612, John Speed, chapter IV, in The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, volume IV, page 143:Certaine... places [in Ireland]... which of their softnes are vsually tearmed Boghes.
** a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:Bog may by draining be made Meadow.
** 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:[W]e entered a region where the stream widened out and formed a considerable bog.
** 1974 02, “Boys' Life”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), page 21:[Cedar Bog] is a living museum of plants that once were spread over a far wider area. It is the southernmost such alkaline bog in North America, and teachers take their classes there to study this unique natural area. […]
** 1993, “Swamp Song”, performed by Tool:You're dancing in quicksand Why don't you watch where you're wandering? Why don't you watch where you're stumbling? You're wading knee deep and going in And you may never come back again This bog is thick and easy to get lost in
** 2004 November 15, Retro Studios, Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, Nintendo, level/area: Main Energy Controller (Great Temple):U-Mos: 'The swamplands of Torvus are treacherous, and can hinder you considerably. Bear this in mind as you move through the bog.'
** (wetland science, specifically) An acidic, chiefly rain-fed (ombrotrophic), peat-forming wetland. (Contrast an alkaline fen, and swamps and marshes.)
*** 1996, Geological Survey (U.S.), National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, →ISBN, page 214:Bogs are acidic, nutrient poor, and have a low species diversity, whereas fens are less acidic and have higher nutrient levels and species diversity. Typically, the herbaceous layer in bogs is dominated by sphagnum moss, whereas […]
*** 2016 December 19, Ralph W. Tiner, Wetland Indicators: A Guide to Wetland Formation, Identification, Delineation, Classification, and Mapping, Second Edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 122:Bogs are acidic peatlands, characteristic of boreal forests and mountainous regions (Figures 9.3 and 9.4). Their hydrology is precipitation driven as bogs do not receive floodwaters from neighboring rivers and streams […]
*** 2019 February 19, Sincere Humphrey, Freshwater Microbiology, Scientific e-Resources, →ISBN, page 24:Bogs are acidic peatlands, while fens are non-acidic peatlands. The thick mat of dead plants forms sphagnum moss and peat, which is where we get our peat moss. Over a long period of time, the bog may fill up and a forest will grow in […]
** (uncountable) Boggy ground.
*** 1931, Ion L. Idriess, Lasseter's Last Ride, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 101:He laughed each time a camel sank down, and he laughed as they strained and pulled and struggled to get the beast on to its clumsy feet again. So sure on sand, so clumsy in bog!
* (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
** 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, page 30:...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...
** a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, volume I:Last day my mind was in a bog.
** 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter LXXII, in Barnaby Rudge, page 358:He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.
* (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
    I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet
    I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom
** 1665, Richard Head et al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, volume I:Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.
** a. 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, published 1789, page 181:...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...
** 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, page 79:Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.
** 1959, William Golding, chapter I, in Free Fall, page 23:Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.
* (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
* (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
* (US) Chicken bog.
** 2013, James Villas, Southern Fried: More Than 150 Recipes for Crab Cakes, Fried Chicken, Hush Puppies, and More, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 196:Damon does emphasize that great red rice should always be fluffy and never mushy like a rice bog.
** 2016 October 1, Elliott Moss, Buxton Hall Barbecue's Book of Smoke: Wood-Smoked Meat, Sides, and More, Voyageur Press, →ISBN, page 113:I love Chicken Bog because it's one of those very regional recipes that has survived […] Don't skim or otherwise remove the fat from the stock though—it will help flavor the bog. Let the chicken cool and then pick the meat, setting it aside for the bog recipe that follows. The broth will […]
** 2018, Ann W Phillips, Lady Of Esterbrooke:Chicken and rice bog for their supper so she wouldn't have to cook.

##### Alternative forms

* (wet spongy areas or ground): bogg, bogge, boghe (all obsolete)

##### Synonyms

* (wet spongy areas or ground): see swamp
* (any place or thing that impedes progress): mire, quagmire
* (toilet): See also Thesaurus:toilet and Thesaurus:bathroom

##### Hyponyms

* (small marsh): boglet

##### Derived terms

* blanket bog
* bog asphodel
* bog beacon
* bog bean
* bogberry
* bog berry
* bog bilberry
* bog-black
* bog-blitter
* bog blueberry
* bog-bluiter
* bog body
* bog-brained
* bog-bred
* bog brush
* bog-bumper
* bog-butter
* bog butter
* bog chisel
* bog cinquefoil
* bog clubmoss
* bog cotton
* bog deal
* bog-down
* bog earth
* bog fir
* boggard
* bog garden
* bog gas
* bogger
* boggify
* bogginess
* boggish
* boggo
* boggy
* boghaunter
* bog hay
* bog-hay
* bog-head
* boghead
* Boghead
* boghole
* bog-hole
* boghouse
* bog Irish
* bog iron
* bog iron ore
* bog-jumper
* Bogland
* bogland
* boglander
* Boglander
* bog Latin
* bog laurel
* bogless
* boglet
* boglike
* bogman
* bog manganese
* bog mine
* bog mine ore
* bogmire
* bog-mold
* bog moss
* bog-mould
* bog myrtle
* bog nut
* bog oak
* bog onion
* bog orange
* bog orchid
* bog orchis
* bog ore
* bog paper
* bog peat
* bog people
* bog person
* bog pimpernel
* bog-pine
* bog pink
* bog-pit
* bog-plant
* bograt
* bog roll
* bogroll
* bog rosemary
* bogrush
* bog-shop
* bog snorkeling
* bog spavin
* bogspaving
* bog stalker
* bog standard
* bogsucker
* bog-timber
* bog trefoil
* bog-trot
* bogtrotter
* bogtrotting
* bog-turf
* bog turtle
* bog violet
* bog-water
* bog-way
* bog-wheel
* bogwood
* bogwort
* bull-of-the-bog
* cataract bog
* chicken bog
* embog
* featherbed bog
* floating bog
* mud bog
* northern bog lemming
* peat bog
* peatbog
* quaking bog
* raised bog
* string bog
* unbog

##### Related terms

* (like a marsh): boggy, boggish
* (marshy quality): bogginess
* (to create a marsh): boggify

##### Translations
#### See also

* bog-standard

#### Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)
* (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
** 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, volume IV, page 132:To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.
* (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
** 1605, Ben Jonson, Seianus His Fall, act IV, scene i, line 217:[…] Bogg'd in his filthy Lusts […]
** 1641, John Milton, Animadversions, page 58:[…] whose profession to forsake the World... bogs them deeper into the world.
* (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
** a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, page 120:Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.
* (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
* (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
* (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
* (transitive, British, informal) To make a mess of something.

##### Alternative forms

* bogg, bogue (both obsolete)

##### Derived terms

* bog down
* bogged
* bog in
* bog into
* bog off
* bog up
* de-bogging
* mud bogging

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

See bug

#### Noun

bog (plural bogs)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.

##### Alternative forms

* bogge; see also bug

##### Derived terms

* take bog

### Etymology 3

Uncertain, although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

#### Alternative forms

* (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

#### Adjective

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)
* (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
** 1592, William Warner, chapter XXXVII, in Albions England, volume VII, page 167:The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.
** 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, page 90:Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.

##### Derived terms

* boggish, boggishly

#### Noun

bog (plural bogs)
* (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
** 1839, Charles Clark, John Noakes and Mary Styles, l. 3:Their bog it nuver ceases.

#### Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)
* (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
** 1546, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, volume XI, published 1852, page 163:If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.
** 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:
    A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

### Etymology 4

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

#### Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)
* (euphemistic, slang, British, usually with "off") To go away.

##### Derived terms

* bog off

### Etymology 5

From an abbreviation of Bogdanoff, in reference to Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff.

#### Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)
* (4chan, Internet slang, transitive) To perform excessive cosmetic surgery that results in a bizarre or obviously artificial facial appearance.
* (4chan, Internet slang, reflexive) To have excessive cosmetic surgery performed on oneself, often with a poor or conspicuously unnatural result.
** 2023 August 4, anonymous author, 4chan‎, /lgbt/:My nose is already pretty good and I don't want to bog myself.

#### See also

* spag bog

### References

* 1 2 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
* ↑ Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
* 1 2 The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
* ↑ Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

### Anagrams

* gob

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔːˀɣ/, [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːˀw], [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːwˀ], [ˈb̥ɔ̽wˀ]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”).

#### Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)
* book

##### Derived terms

* e-bog c
* ordbog c
* salmebog c
* årbog c

### Etymology 2

Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

#### Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)
* beechnut, beech mast

##### Related terms

* bogfinke c
* boghvede c

### References

* “bog” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Further reading

* bog on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* Bog (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* Bog (bøgens nødder) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## French
### Noun

bog m (plural bogs)
* (ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland
    Antonym: fen

### Further reading

* “bog”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [boːk]
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

bog
* preterite tense of biegen

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka (“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonian pung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈboɡ]
* Rhymes: -oɡ

### Noun

bog (plural bogok)
* knot
    Synonym: csomó

#### Derived terms

* bogos
* bogoz
* ág-bog

### References

* ↑ Entry #816 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ bog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* bog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* bog in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Irish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos.
The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (“to soften”), from the adjective.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /bˠɔɡ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /bˠʌɡ/

### Adjective

bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)
* soft (giving way under pressure; lacking strength or resolve; requiring little or no effort; easy)
    Synonym: tláith
* flabby (of physical condition)
* soft, mellow, gentle (of sound, voice)
** 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 2:Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.[original: Waves gently lap against the rocks below.]
* (of weather) wet
* mild, humid (of winter)
* loose
* lukewarm
    Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* an rud a fhaightear go bog caitear go bog é (“easy come, easy go”)
* bog- (“soft, mild; nearly; easy”)
* casacht bhog (“loose cough”)
* bogearraí (“software”)

### Noun

bog m (genitive singular boig)
* something soft
* (anatomy, of ear) lobe
    Synonyms: liopa, maothán

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
bog
vocative
a bhoig
genitive
boig
dative
bog
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an bog
genitive
an bhoig
dative
leis an mbog don bhog :

### Verb

bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)
* soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
* move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | bogadh | bogadh | bogadh | bogadh | bogadh | bogadh | bogadh | bogadh |
| past participle | bogtha | bogtha | bogtha | bogtha | bogtha | bogtha | bogtha | bogtha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | bogaim | bogann tú; bogair$^†$ | bogann sé, sí | bogaimid | bogann sibh | bogann siad; bogaid$^†$ | a bhogann; a bhogas / a mbogann* | bogtar |
| past | bhog mé; bhogas | bhog tú; bhogais | bhog sé, sí | bhogamar; bhog muid | bhog sibh; bhogabhair | bhog siad; bhogadar | a bhog / ar bhog* | bogadh |
| past habitual | bhogainn / mbogainn‡‡ | bhogtá / mbogtá‡‡ | bhogadh sé, sí / mbogadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhogaimis; bhogadh muid / mbogaimis‡‡; mbogadh muid‡‡ | bhogadh sibh / mbogadh sibh‡‡ | bhogaidís; bhogadh siad / mbogaidís‡‡; mbogadh siad‡‡ | a bhogadh / a mbogadh* | bhogtaí / mbogtaí‡‡ |
| future | bogfaidh mé; bogfad | bogfaidh tú; bogfair$^†$ | bogfaidh sé, sí | bogfaimid; bogfaidh muid | bogfaidh sibh | bogfaidh siad; bogfaid$^†$ | a bhogfaidh; a bhogfas / a mbogfaidh* | bogfar |
| conditional | bhogfainn / mbogfainn‡‡ | bhogfá / mbogfá‡‡ | bhogfadh sé, sí / mbogfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhogfaimis; bhogfadh muid / mbogfaimis‡‡; mbogfadh muid‡‡ | bhogfadh sibh / mbogfadh sibh‡‡ | bhogfaidís; bhogfadh siad / mbogfaidís‡‡; mbogfadh siad‡‡ | a bhogfadh / a mbogfadh* | bhogfaí / mbogfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go mboga mé; go mbogad$^†$ | go mboga tú; go mbogair$^†$ | go mboga sé, sí | go mbogaimid; go mboga muid | go mboga sibh | go mboga siad; go mbogaid$^†$ | — | go mbogtar |
| past | dá mbogainn | dá mbogtá | dá mbogadh sé, sí | dá mbogaimis; dá mbogadh muid | dá mbogadh sibh | dá mbogaidís; dá mbogadh siad | — | dá mbogtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | bogaim | bog | bogadh sé, sí | bogaimis | bogaigí; bogaidh$^†$ | bogaidís | — | bogtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Derived terms

* casacht a bhogadh (“to loosen a cough”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bocaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 38, page 21
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 369, page 125

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bog”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɔk]
* Homophones: Bog, bok

### Noun

bog m anim (feminine bogowka)
* god
* the Christ Child as a bringer of Christmas presents, compare German Christkind
* Christmas present

#### Derived terms

* bóžy (“godly, divine”)

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Manx
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft”).

### Adjective

bog (comparative s’buiggey)
* soft

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish boug, older spelling of bov, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz. The pronunciation is based on native Norwegian dialects.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buːɡ]

### Noun

bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene)
* shoulder (of an animal)

### References

* “bog” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “bog” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buːɡ/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús.

#### Noun

bog m (plural bogen)
* shoulder (primarily of an animal)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

#### Noun

bog f (definite singular bogjå)
* (dialectal) alternative form of bok
** 1996, Tobias Skretting, Attemed ånå, page 90:Takk for bogjåThanks for the book
** 1957, Reinert Ersdal, quoting Andreas Mjaasund, Bakke kyrkje: Krosskyrkja 200 år, [Flekkefjord]: [Soknerådet?]:Eg kan nok bli frelst etter bogjå, men ikkje ette det vonde hjerta mitt.I might be saved by the book, but not by my evil heart.

### References

* “bog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* bōh

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, Old Norse bógr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boːɡ/, [boːɣ]

### Noun

bōg m
* branch or bough (of a tree)
* tendril or sprig (of a plant)
* arm or shoulder

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Related terms

* bēag
* bīeġan
* bīeġels
* boga
* būgan
* byġe
* byht
* ġebīeġednes

#### Descendants

* Middle English: boȝ, bogh
** English: bough
** Scots: beuch

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pok/

### Adjective

bog (comparative buige)
* soft
* wet, damp, moist

#### Declension

| Case | Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Plural |
| Nominative | bog | bhog | boga |
| Vocative | bhuig | bhog | boga |
| Genitive | bhuig | bhuig/buige | bog(a) |
| Dative | bhog | bhuig | boga |

#### Derived terms

* bathar-bog (“software”)
* bog fliuch (“soaking wet”)
* còmhdach bog (“softcover, paperback”)
* luachair-bhog (“bulrushes”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “bog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bôːɡ/

### Noun

bȏg m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑г)
* god, deity
* (colloquial) idol, god

#### Derived terms

* bȍgovskī
* bogòvskī
* božànstvo
* bȍžjī

#### Related terms

* Bȏg
* bògat

## Slavomolisano
### Etymology

Inherited from Serbo-Croatian bog.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bôːɡ/

### Noun

bog m
* god

#### Declension
### References

* Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394

## Slovene
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bóːk/
* Hyphenation: bog
* Homophone: bọ̑k

### Noun

bọ̑g m anim (female equivalent bogínja)
* god
* (uncommon, figuratively) paragon
* (uncommon, figuratively) highest value

#### Usage notes

The dative singular form bogȗ is mostly limited to the phrase hvála bogȗ.

#### Declension
### Interjection

bọ̑g
* god

### Derived terms

* bati se boga in hudiča
* biti boga in hudiča
* biti mar bog in hudič
* Bọ̑g
* Bog daj dobro
* Bog daj nebesa
* bog daj, bogdaj
* bog ga daj
* bog ima dolgo šibo
* bog je sam sebi najprej brado ustvaril
* bog je v detajlih
* bog je v malenkostih
* bog je v podrobnostih
* bog kaj blagoslovi
* bog koga k sebi vzame
* bog koga pokliče
* bog koga tepe
* bog lonaj, boglonaj
* bog mi je priča
* bog ne daj, bognedaj
* bog ne plačuje vsako soboto
* bog ne zadeni
* bog nebeški
* Bog oče
* bog plačaj
* bog pomagaj, bogpomagaj
* bog s tabo
* bog se skriva v detajlih
* bog se usmili
* Bog sin
* bog te je dal
* bog te nesi
* bog te nima rad
* bog te živi
* bog tiči v podrobnostih
* bog v belem
* bog varuj, bogvaruj
* bog vedi, bogvedi, bogsigavedi
* bog z njim
* bog žegnaj
* bog živi
* bogami
* bogȋnəc
* bogínja
* bọ̄govəc
* bógovstvo
* bọ̑gstvo
* bogu za hrbtom
* bogve
* bogzna
* bọ̑štvo
* božȃnski
* božȃnskost
* božȃnstvən
* božȃnstvenost
* božȃnstvo
* bóžji
* brezbọ̑štvo
* brezbọ́žən
* človek obrača, bog obrne
* dati cesarju, kar je cesarjevega, in bogu, kar je božjega
* držati boga za jajca
* držati kot lipov bog
* gotov kot bog v nebesih
* hvala bogu, hvalabogu
* imeti za boga
* kjer bog ven roko moli
* kogar bogovi ljubijo, umre mlad
* kot je koga bog ustvaril
* krasti bogu čas
* ljubi bog
* moj bog, o bog, o moj bog
* pobọ́žən
* pobọ́žnost
* počutiti kot bog
* počutiti kot mali bog
* pod milim bogom
* prijeti boga za jajca
* prizor za bogove
* sedeti kot lipov bog
* smiliti se bogu
* spraviti z bogom
* stati kot lipov bog
* tako mi bog pomagaj
* vsak po svoje boga moli
* za boga milega
* za boga svetega
* živeti ko mali bog, živeti kot mali bog

### See also

* vẹ́ra
* ateīzəm

### Further reading

* “bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “bog”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Swedish bōgher, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buːɡ/

### Noun

bog c
* shoulder (of an animal)
* bow (front of boat or ship)

#### Derived terms

* bogfläsk
* bogvisir (“bow visor”)

### References

* bog in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bog in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bog in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)