# حبس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Hebrew חָבַשׁ (ḥāḇaš, “to bind, tie”).

#### Verb

حَبَسَ • (ḥabasa) I (non-past يَحْبِسُ (yaḥbisu), verbal noun حَبْس (ḥabs))
* to imprison
* to hold back

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

حَبْس • (ḥabs) m (plural حُبُوس (ḥubūs))
* verbal noun of حَبَسَ (ḥabasa) (form I)
** imprisonment, confinement
** retention, holding back
* (especially Maghreb) prison, jail
    Synonym: سِجْن (sijn)
    Meronyms: زِنْزَانَة (zinzāna), قَاوُوش (qāwūš)
** c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʾAbū Dulaf Misʿar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium‎, published 1845 $^{WC}$ $^{GB}$, pages 18–19:فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʿa, and in this Qalʿa one forges the Qalʿaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʿa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʿa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ħabs
* Moroccan Arabic: حبس (ḥabs)
** → French: hebs, hèbs
* → Azerbaijani: həbs
* → Kazakh: қапас (qapas)
* → Persian: حبس (habs)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حبس (haps, hapis)
** Turkish: hapis
** → Adyghe: хьэпс (ḥɛps)
** → Albanian: haps
** → Armenian: հափը՛ս (hapʻə́s), հափս (hapʻs)
** → Aromanian: hápse, hápsã, hápsi
** → Bulgarian: апс (aps)
** → Greek: χάψη (chápsi)
** → Macedonian: апс (aps)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ха̏пс, а̏пс
    Latin script: hȁps, ȁps

### Etymology 2

Compare Egyptian ḥbs, Hebrew חָבַשׁ (khavásh).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħab.ba.sa/

#### Verb

حَبَّسَ • (ḥabbasa) II (non-past يُحَبِّسُ (yuḥabbisu), verbal noun تَحْبِيس (taḥbīs))
* (transitive) to tie up

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Noun

حُبْس or حُبُس • (ḥubs or ḥubus) m (plural أَحْبَاس (ʔaḥbās))
* (Maghreb) a form of property on real estate that binds it to a religious administration and assigns its earnings to charitable purposes, waqf, mortmain
    Synonym: وَقْف (waqf)

##### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic حَبْس (ḥabs).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħabs/

#### Noun

حبس • (ḥabs) m (plural حباس (ḥbās) or حباسات (ḥbāsāt) or حبوسات (ḥbūsāt))
* prison

##### Descendants

* → French: hebs, hèbs

### Etymology 2

From Arabic حَبَسَ (ḥabasa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħbas/

#### Verb

حبس • (ḥbas) I (non-past يحبس (yiḥbas))
* to imprison
* to quit (to give up, stop doing something)
* to guard (a goal post)

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبْس (ḥabs).

### Noun

حبس • (haps, hapis)
* imprisonment, confinement
* prison, jail
    Synonyms: زندان (zından, zindan), قفس (kafes)

#### Derived terms

* حبسخانه (hapshane, hapishane, “prison”)
** حبسخانه‌جی (hapshaneci, hapishaneci, “prison guard”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: hapis
* → Adyghe: хьэпс (ḥɛps)
* → Albanian: haps
* → Armenian: հափը՛ս (hapʻə́s), հափս (hapʻs)
* → Aromanian: hápse, hápsã, hápsi
* → Bulgarian: апс (aps)
* → Greek: χάψη (chápsi)
* → Macedonian: апс (aps)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ха̏пс, а̏пс
    Latin script: hȁps, ȁps

### Adjective

حبس • (haps, hapis)
* imprisoned

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَبْس (ḥabs).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [haβs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häbs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häbs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäbs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäbs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæbs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [häbs]

### Noun

حبس • (habs)
* imprisonment
    حبس ابد ― habs-e abad ― life imprisonment
    حبس مجرد ― habs-e mojarrad ― solitary confinement

#### Derived terms

* حبس شدن (habs šodan, “to be imprisoned”)
* حبس کردن (habs kardan, “to imprison”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبَسَ (ḥabasa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.bas/, [ˈħa.bas]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

حبس • (ḥabas) I (present بحبس (biḥbis))
* to hold, to keep captive
    Synonym: سجن (sajan)
    حبس نفسه دقيقتين تحت الميّ.ḥabas nafso daʔīʔtēn taḥt il-mayyHe held his breath underwater for two minutes.