# 西域
## Chinese

* 西域 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Western Regions (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xīyù
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^1$ wik$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Sî-vet
    (Hailu, HRS): si$^ˋ$ ved
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se$^1$ yh$^7$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Se-he̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xīyù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Siyù
*** Wade–Giles: Hsi$^1$-yü$^4$
*** Yale: Syī-yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiyuh
*** Palladius: Сиюй (Sijuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^1$ wik$^6$
*** Yale: sāi wihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^1$ wik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^1$ wig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯⁵⁵ wɪk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sî-vet
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi$^ˊ$ ved$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^1$ ved$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /si²⁴ vet̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: si$^ˋ$ ved
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ vet⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: si$^ˋ$ ved
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ vet⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: se$^1$ yh$^7$ [Phonetic: se$^5$ yh$^7$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sa̤-ṳ̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬe⁵³³⁻²¹ yʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: se$^1$ yh$^7$ [Phonetic: se$^5$ yh$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬe⁵³³⁻²¹ yʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Se-he̍k
*** Tâi-lô: Se-hi̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: se'hek
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sej hwik
Rime :
| Character | 西 | 域 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 職 (135) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 先稽切 | 雨逼切 |
| Baxter | sej | hwik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sei/ | /ɦwɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sei/ | /ɦʷɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛi/ | /ɣiuek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛj/ | /ɦwik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /sei/ | /ɣiuək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /siei/ | /ɣĭwək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siei/ | /i̯wək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^1$ | wik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər [ɢ]ʷrək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːl ɢʷrɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 西 | 域 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sej › | ‹ hwik › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-nˁər/ | /*[ɢ]ʷrək/ |
| English | west | territory |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 西 | 域 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13236 | 5554 |
| Phonetic component | 西 | 或 |
| Rime group | 微 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 西 | 域 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɯːl/ | /*ɢʷrɯɡ/ |

### Proper noun

西域
* (historical) Western Regions (historical region west of the Jade Gate along the Silk Road)
    From: Huan Kuan, Discourses on Salt and Iron, c. 1st century BCE
    Qián jūn wèi xiāndì huà Xiōngnú zhī cè: “Bīng jù Xīyù, duó zhī biànshì zhī dì, yǐ hòu qí biàn. Yǐ Hàn zhī qiáng, gōng yú Xiōngnú zhī zhòng, ruò yǐ qiángnǔ kuì yōngjū.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* 大唐西域記 / 大唐西域记
* 西域曆 / 西域历 (Xīyùlì)
* 西域記 / 西域记

#### Descendants

* → English: Western Regions (calque)

## Japanese
### Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 域 |
| せい Grade: 2 | いき Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | goon |
* (Tokyo) せーいき [sèéíkí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞iːkʲi]

#### Proper noun

西(せい)域(いき) • (Seiiki)
* (historical) Western Regions

##### Derived terms

* 西(せい)域(いき)水(すい)道(どう)記(き) (Seiiki Suidōki)
* 西(さい)域(いき)画(が) (saiikiga)
* 西(せい)域(いき)都(と)護(ご)府(ふ) (Seiiki Togofu)

### Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 域 |
| さい Grade: 2 | いき Grade: 6 |
| goon ||
* (Tokyo) さいいき [sàííkí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) さいいき [sáꜜììkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sa̠iːkʲi]

#### Proper noun

西(さい)域(いき) • (Saiiki)
* (historical) Western Regions

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “西域”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 西 | 域 |

### Proper noun

西域 • (Seoyeok) (hangeul 서역)
* hanja form of 서역 (“Western Regions”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 西 | 域 |

### Proper noun

西域
* chữ Hán form of Tây Vực (“Western Regions”).