# رمان
## Arabic
### Etymology

Uncertain direct and ultimate source, not Semitic. Compare Hebrew רימון / רִמּוֹן (rimmṓn), Punic *𐤓𐤌𐤍 (*rmn /⁠rimmūn⁠/) and Aramaic רִימֹּונָא / רִמֹּונָא (rimmōnā) / רוּמָּנָא / ܪܘܡܢܐ (rummānā), Ge'ez ሮማን (roman), Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠armannu⁠/).
Likely borrowed from Semitic is Egyptian
(jnhmn), which developed into Demotic hrnt, and from this ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ (erman, Bohairic), ⲗⲉϩⲙⲉⲛ (lehmen, Akhmimic), ϩⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ (herman, Sahidic).
(With a different order of the consonants, compare also:)
* Sumerian 𒉡𒌫𒈠 (NU-UR$_2$-MA /⁠nurma⁠/, “pomegranate”)
* Akkadian 𒉡𒌫𒈠 (NU-UR$_2$-MA /⁠nurmû⁠/), Akkadian 𒇻𒆸𒌅 (/⁠lurmû, lurimtu, lurinnu⁠/, “pomegranate”), Akkadian 𒉡𒊑𒅎𒁺 (nu-ri-im-du /⁠nurimdu, nurimtu⁠/, “pomegranate”)
* Hurrian 𒉡𒊏𒀭𒋾 (nu-ra-an-ti /⁠nuranti⁠/, “pomegranate”) (whence Old Armenian նուռն (nuṙn, “pomegranate”)), Ugaritic 𐎍𐎗𐎎𐎐 (lrmn, “pomegranate”)
* Hittite 𒉡𒌫𒈬 (/⁠nurmû⁠/, “pomegranate”)
* Persian نار (nâr), انار (anâr, “pomegranate”)
* Chinese 榴 (OC *m·ru, “pomegranate”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rum.maːn/
** (Morocco) IPA: /rum.maːn/

### Noun

رُمَّان • (rummān) m (collective, singulative رُمَّانَة f (rummāna))
* (uncountable) pomegranate
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:68:فِيهِمَا فَـاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌfīhimā fākihatun wanaḵlun warummānunIn both of them are fruit, and palm trees, and pomegranates.
** 2020 January 24, “شُبَّانٌ يُعِيدُونَ مِئَاتِ أَشْجَارِ ٱلرُّمَّانِ إِلَى قَرْيَةِ "أُمِّ ٱلْرُّمَّانِ" قُرْبَ تَازَارِينْ”, in Hespress‎:إِنَّ عَدَدَ أَشْجَارِ ٱلرُّمَّانِ ٱلْمُتَبَقِّيَّةِ لَا يَتَجَاوَزُ عَدَدَ أَصَابِعِ ٱلْيَدِ، بَعْدَمَا قَضَى ٱلْجَفَافُ عَلَى أَغْلَبِ ٱلْأَشْجَارِ ٱلْمُثْمِرَةِ، […]ʔinna ʕadada ʔašjāri r-rummāni l-mutabaqqiyyati lā yatajāwazu ʕadada ʔaṣābiʕi l-yadi, baʕdamā qaḍā l-jafāfu ʕalā ʔaḡlabi l-ʔašjāri l-muṯmirati, […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (poetic) breasts
* (obsolete) sliding-weight of a steelyard [11th–15th century]
    Hypernyms: بَيْضَة (bayḍa), سَقُوم (saqūm)
    Holonyms: قَبَّان (qabbān), قَرَسْطُون (qarasṭūn)

#### Derived terms

* رُمَّانِيَّة (rummāniyya, “medieval dish made with pomegranate”)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: rummien
* → Gujarati: રુમ્માન (rummān)
* → Italian: romano
* → Ottoman Turkish: رمان (rüman)
* →? Portuguese: romã
* → Tamil: ரும்மான் (rummāṉ)

### References

* “nurma”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary‎, University of Pennsylvania, 2006
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
* Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 19
* Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 24–25
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 144–145
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 80–113
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 42
* Steiger, Arnald, Walther von Wartburg (1960) “Balance romaine”, in Vox Romanica‎ (in German), volume 19, pages 221–244
* Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 54

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic رُمَّان (rummān).

### Noun

رمان • (rüman)
* pomegranate
* breasts; boobs

#### Related terms

* رمانه (rümane, “a single pomegranate”)

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “رمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 987

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French roman.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

رمان • (român)
* novel