# 暹

| 暹 | U+66B9, &#26297; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B9 |
| ← 暸 [U+66B8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 暺 → [U+66BA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

暹 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜日人土 (YAOG), four-corner 3630$_1$, composition ⿺辶⿱日隹)

#### Derived characters

* 𭀌, 𭶤, 𧔷, 𲌣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 39
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14150
* Dae Jaweon: page 869, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3882, character 6
* Unihan data for U+66B9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 日 (“sun”) + 進 (“to advance”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiān (xian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cim$^3$ / cim$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siàm
    (Hailu, HRS): siam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiam$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siam / siâm / siām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sian
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^1$
*** Yale: syān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cim$^3$ / cim$^1$
*** Yale: chim / chīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsim$^3$ / tsim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qim$^3$ / qim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯am¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siam
*** Sinological IPA: /siam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /siam¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siam
*** Tâi-lô: siam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siafm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siam³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâm
*** Tâi-lô: siâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /siam²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siām
*** Tâi-lô: siām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siam
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siam²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâm
*** Sinological IPA : /siam⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shi
*** MiniDict: shi$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: sjem
Rime :
| Character | 暹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息廉切 |
| Baxter | sjem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siam/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sem/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13473 |
| Phonetic component | 暹 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 銛 |
| Old Chinese | /*sem/ |

### Definitions

暹
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of the sun) to rise
* (historical) the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya; later short for 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó, “Siam”).
    From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), translation by Peter Harris
    Guózhōng yǔyán, zì chéng yīnshēng, suī jìn ér Zhànchéng, Xiān rén, jiē bùtōng huàshuō. [Pinyin]
    The country's language consists of sounds that are its own, and despite being nearby, neither the Chams nor the Siamese can make themselves understood.

### Compounds

* 暹京 (Xiānjīng)
* 暹國 / 暹国
* 暹羅 / 暹罗 (Xiānluó)
* 暹羅灣 / 暹罗湾 (Xiānluówān)
* 暹羅貓 / 暹罗猫 (xiānluómāo)
* 暹耽

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せん (sen)
* Kun: すすむ (susumu)
* Nanori: すすむ (susumu)、のぼる (noboru)

## Korean
### Hanja

暹 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

暹: Hán Nôm readings: Xiêm
* (historical) Siam