# ܥܪܒܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

From Aramaic עִרּבָּא (ʿirbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḍrb; compare Hebrew עֵרֶב (érev), Phoenician 𐤑𐤓𐤁 (ṣrb).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈʕɪr.bɑː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ˈʔɪr.ba.], [ˈʔɪr.wa.]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ˈʔɪr.bɑː]
* (Shamisdin) IPA: [ˈʔɪr.wɑː]

#### Noun

ܥܸܪܒܵܐ or ܥܸܪܒ݂ܵܐ • (ˁirbā or ˁirḇā) m sg (plural ܥܸܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ˁirbē))
* sheep

##### Hyponyms

* ܟܸܒ݂ܫܵܐ (kiḇšā, “ram”)
* ܕܸܟ݂ܪܵܐ (diḵrā, “ram”)
* ܥܘܵܢܵܐ (ˁwānā, “ewe”)
* ܐܸܡܪܵܐ (imrā, “lamb”)

### Etymology 2

From Aramaic עְרָּבָא (ʿərāḇā); compare Hebrew עֶרֶב (érev, “evening, night”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈʕərɑːwɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ˈrɑːvɑː]

#### Noun

ܥܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ • (ˁrāḇā) m (plural ܥܪ̈ܵܒ݂ܹܐ (ˁrāḇē))
* sunset, sundown
* eve

##### Coordinate terms

* ܢܘܼܓ݂ܗܵܐ (nuḡhā)
* ܕܸܢܚܵܐ (dinḥā)
* ܨܲܦܪܵܐ (ṣaprā)
* ܐܝܼܡܵܡܵܐ (īmāmā)
* ܛܲܗܪܵܐ (ṭahrā)
* ܥܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ˁrāḇā)
* ܢܘܼܨܦܵܐ (nuṣpā)
* ܪܲܡܫܵܐ (ramšā)
* ܠܲܝܠܹܐ (laylē)
* ܦܲܠܓܵܐ ܕܠܲܝܠܹܐ (palgā d-laylē)

##### Derived terms

* ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܐ (maˁrḇā, “west”)

### Etymology 3

Active noun from Aramaic עֲרַב (ʿăraḇ, “to vouch for”); compare Arabic عَرَّاب (ʕarrāb), Hebrew עָרֵב ('arév).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʕarˈrɑ.wɑ]

#### Noun

ܥܲܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ • (ˁarrāḇā) m sg (plural ܥܲܪ̈ܵܒ݂ܹܐ (ˁarrāḇē), feminine ܥܲܪܵܒ݂ܬܵܐ (ˁarrāḇtā))
* sponsor, guarantor, surety, securer
* guardian, godfather
* groomsman

##### Derived terms

* ܥܲܪܵܒ݂ܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ˁarrāḇūṯā)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈʕa(.)r(ə).vɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕar.wɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕɑr.wo]

#### Noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿarəḇā) f (plural ܥܪܒܐ (ʿarəḇē))
* large wooden bowl or vessel; washtub, kneading trough
* cup (unit of measure)
* water wheel
* olive press
* vetch, chickpea

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *ḍrb; compare Hebrew עֵרֶב (ʿḗreḇ), Phoenician 𐤑𐤓𐤁 (ṣrb).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈʕɛr.bɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕɪr.bɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕɛr.bo]

#### Noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿerbā) m (plural ܥܪܒܐ (ʿerbē))
* sheep, lamb
    Synonyms: ܐܡܪܐ, ܦܐܪܐ
* ram
    Synonym: ܕܟܪܐ

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

From the root ܥ ܪ ܒ related to setting, from Proto-Semitic *ġrb; compare Arabic غَرْب (ḡarb), Hebrew עֶרֶב (ʿéreḇ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ʕ(ə.)ˈrɑ.vɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕrɑ.wɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕro.wo]

#### Noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿərāḇā) m (plural ܥܪܒܐ (ʿərāḇē))
* sunset
* west

##### Antonyms

* ܕܢܚܐ

### Etymology 4

From the root ܥ ܪ ܒ related to pledging.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ʕ(ə.)ˈrɑ.vɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕrɑ.wɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕro.wo]

#### Noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿərāḇā) m (plural ܥܪܒܐ (ʿərāḇē))
* guarantee, surety

##### Inflection
### Etymology 5

Modified from above; compare Arabic عَرَّاب (ʕarrāb), Hebrew עָרֵב (ʿārēḇ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ʕarˈrɑ.vɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ʕarˈrɑ.wɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ʕɑˈro.wo]

#### Noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿarrāḇā) m (plural ܥܪܒܐ (ʿarrāḇē), singular feminine counterpart ܥܪܒܬܐ (ʿarrāḇtā))
* sponsor, guarantor, surety, securer
* guardian, godfather
* groomsman
* (law) security, bail

##### Inflection
### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈʕar.be]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕar.be]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈʕɑr.be]

#### Noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿarbē)
* emphatic plural of ܥܪܒܬܐ

### Etymology 7

Compare Arabic عَرَبَة (ʕaraba), Hebrew עֲרָבָה (ʿărāḇâ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ʕɑˈrɑ.vɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ʕɑˈrɑ.wɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ʕoˈro.wo]

#### Proper noun

ܥܪܒܐ • (ʿārāḇā) f
* Arabah

### References

* “ˁrb$^6$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-12-04
* “ˁrb$^5$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-12-04
* “ˁrb$^3$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-12-04
* “ˁrb$^4$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-12-04
* “ˁrb$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-12-04
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 263a, b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 427a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1134a–b