# -ist
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism +‎ -t. Doublet of -ista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ɪst/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (weak vowel merger) IPA: /-əst/
* Homophone: -est

### Suffix

-ist
* Added to words to form nouns denoting:
** a person who studies or practices a particular discipline;
    botanist, one who studies plants
    psychiatrist, one who practices psychiatry
** a person who uses a device of some kind;
    violinist, one who plays a violin
    cyclist, one who rides a (bi)cycle
    (dated) autoist, one who drives an automobile
    pianist, one who plays the piano
** one who engages in a particular type of activity;
    adventurist, one who takes risks or goes on adventures
    artist, one who makes art
    bigamist, one who commits bigamy
    terrorist, one who causes terror
    tourist, one who tours
    Note, many of these are related to -isms: adventurism, terrorism, tourism
** one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome
    autist, egoist
    Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism
** one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;
    Buddhist, Baptist, monotheist
    Note, these are related to -isms: Buddhism, monotheism
** one who has a certain ideology or set of beliefs;
    Marxist, modernist, nihilist, existentialist, fascist, pacifist, activist, environmentalist,
    Note, these are related to -isms: Marxism, modernism, nihilism, existentialism, fascism, pacifism
** one who owns or manages something;
    capitalist; industrialist
    Note, these are related to -isms: capitalism; industrialism
** a person who holds bigoted, partial views with respect to a particular matter.
    sexist, racist: Note, these are related to -isms: sexism, racism

#### Related terms

* -ast

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* -er
* -ista
* -ite
* -or

### Anagrams

* SIT, 'tis, Sit, its, its', TIs, t'is, tis, STI, TIS, sit, 'its, it's, TSI, ITS, S.T.I.

## Danish
### Etymology

From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).

### Suffix

-ist c
* -ist, used to form nouns, usually relating to people, e.g. profession/occupation.

### References

* “-ist” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Suffix

-ist m
* appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -ista, reinforced by French -iste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɪst]
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-ist m (weak, genitive -isten, plural -isten, feminine -istin)
* -ist
    ‎Piano (“piano”) + ‎-ist → ‎Pianist (“pianist”)
    ‎Anarchie (“anarchy”) + ‎-ist → ‎Anarchist (“anarchist”)
    ‎Putsch (“putsch, coup”) + ‎-ist → ‎Putschist (“putschist, coupist”)

#### Usage notes

* The suffix is productive in German, but generally only with non-native words or proper nouns. Exceptions include Harfenist, Lagerist, Putschist.

### See also

* Category:German terms suffixed with -ist

## Middle English
### Suffix

-ist
* Alternative form of -est
    knowist, sendist, bitakist

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).

### Suffix

-ist m
* used to form nouns, usually relating to people.

### References

* “-ist” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From French -iste, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).

### Suffix

-ist m
* used to form nouns, usually relating to people.

### References

* “-ist” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French -iste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ist]

### Suffix

-ist m or n (feminine singular -istă, masculine plural -iști, feminine and neuter plural -iste)
* -ist
    pian +‎ -ist ― pianist (pianist)
    anarhie +‎ -ist ― anarhist (anarchist)
    rasă +‎ -ist ― rasist (racist)

#### Related terms

* -istă
* -ism
* -tor

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French -iste.

### Suffix

-ist (Cyrillic spelling -ист)
* Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French -iste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɪst]

### Suffix

-ist c
* -ist
    pianist ― pianist
    anarkist ― anarchist
    rasist ― racist

#### Related terms

* -ism