# ing
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ĭng; IPA: /ɪŋ/
* Rhymes: -ɪŋ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English ing, ynge, enge, from Old English ing, *eng (“a meadow; ing”), from Proto-Germanic *angijō (“meadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énkos (“a bend; curve; bowl; hollow; dell; glen”), from *h₂enk- (“to bend; curve; bow”). Cognate with Scots eng (“ing; meadow”), Dutch eng (“pasture; farmland”), Danish eng (“meadow”), Swedish äng (“meadow; field”), Norwegian eng (“meadow”), Faroese ong (“grassland; meadow; pasture”), Icelandic eng (“a meadow”), Icelandic engi (“a meadow; meadowland”).

#### Noun

ing (plural ings)
* (now only in dialects) A meadow, especially a low meadow near a river; water meadow.
    Ings, glens, and fens of the Highlands.
** 1773, Journals of the House of Commons:Bill for dividing and inclosing certain open common fields, ings, common pastures, and other commonable lands.
** 1804, Marshall (William), On the Landed Property of England, possibly quoting an earlier work:
    [There] lay an extent of meadow grounds, in ings, to afford a supply of hay.

#### References

* OED 2nd edition 1989

### Etymology 2

From Pitman em and en, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents. The change in vowel probably reflects the familiar suffix -ing.

#### Noun

ing (plural ings)
* The letter for the ng sound /ŋ/ in Pitman shorthand.

##### Related terms

* eng, the name of the IPA letter for this sound

### See also

* ing-bing

### Anagrams

* IGN, Gin, gin, nig, NGI, GNI

## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* 'y — contraction, appended to the preceding word

### Etymology

Compare with Kapampangan ing, Tausug in.

### Article

ing
* (archaic) indefinite direct marker for nouns other than personal names.
    Synonym: 'y — sense narrowed down

#### See also

| | | Direct | Direct | Indirect | Indirect | Oblique |
| | | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Oblique |
| Common | Singular | ang | ing$^†$, 'y | sa, sang$^†$ | og | sa |
| Common | Plural | ang mga | ing mga$^†$, 'y mga | sa mga, sang mga$^†$ | og mga | sa mga |
| Personal | Singular | si | si | ni | ni | kang* |
| Personal | Plural | sila ni, silang sa$^†$ | sila ni, silang sa$^†$ | nila ni, nilang na$^†$ | nila ni, nilang na$^†$ | (kan)ila ni*, (kan)ilang* ka$^†$ |
| $^†$Archaic *Indirect personal forms used instead in colloquial speech. |||||||

#### Further reading

* https://archive.org/details/aqp5055.0001.001.umich.edu/page/173/mode/2up

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English -ing.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Adverb

ing
* (slang) in the process of; currently

### References

* http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=11204

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiŋɡ]
* Hyphenation: ing
* Rhymes: -iŋɡ

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from an Iranian language.

#### Alternative forms

* üng, ümög, ümeg, imeg, imég (all are dialectal)

#### Noun

ing (plural ingek)
* shirt
    Coordinate terms: blúz, póló

##### Derived terms

* inges
* ingű
* hálóing
* karing
* pólóing
* akinek nem inge, ne vegye magára

### Etymology 2

An earlier form of the verb inog (“to wobble”).

#### Verb

ing
* (intransitive) to wobble
* (intransitive) to swing

##### Conjugation

or

##### Synonyms

* (wobble): inog

##### Derived terms

* ingat
* ingatlan
(With verbal prefixes):
* meging

### References

* ↑ ing in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* (shirt): ing in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (to wobble): ing in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Javanese
### Preposition

ing
* in
* on
* at

## Jirajara
### Noun

ing
* water

### References

* Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

## Khumi Chin
### Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”). Cognate to Burmese အိမ် (im) and S'gaw Karen ဟံၣ် (heè).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔĩ˥/

### Noun

ing
* house

#### Derived terms

* bawngbähae-ing
* bethi-ingtangka
* bäjung-ing
* mai-ing
* pheledaengdai-ing

### References

* R. Shafer (1944) “Khimi Grammar and Vocabulary”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, volume 11, number 2, page 418
* K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎, Payap University, page 46

## Lutuv
### Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”). Cognate to Burmese အိမ် (im) and S'gaw Karen ဟံၣ် (heè).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ɪŋ/

### Noun

ing
* house

### References

* Rachel Gray, Jose Benavides (2022) “Wh-Question Formation in Hnaring Lutuv”, in Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures‎, volume 3, number 1

## Old English
### Etymology

Apparently borrowed from Old Norse eng or possibly inherited directly from Proto-Germanic *angijō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /inɡ/, [iŋɡ]

### Noun

ing f (nominative plural inga or inge)
* meadow, water meadow, ing

#### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

## Ternate
### Etymology

From the older ingi, with word-final vowel deletion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiŋ]

### Noun

ing
* Alternative form of ingi

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English ink.

### Noun

ing
* ink

## Welsh
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“tight, painfully constricted”), cognate with Breton enk”

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ing m (plural ingau or ingoedd)
* anguish, angst
    Synonym: gwasgfa
* adversity
    Synonyms: caledi, cyni, adfyd
* agony, extreme pain
    Synonyms: dirboen, gwayw, gloes

#### Derived terms

* câr cywir yn yr ing a welir (“a true friend is to be found in adversity”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “ing”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ing”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yola
### Alternative forms

* in, yn, i, ee, eee

### Etymology

From Middle English in, ī̆, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪŋ/, /ɪn/, /ɪ/, /iː/

### Preposition

ing
* in
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;The weight of the play fell into the hollow;
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.And broke the handle in a pismire-hill.
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.
** 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:Wathere proceeds to tell that the game was “was jist ing our hone”Walter proceeds to tell that the game was “was just in our hand”

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 48