# dubh
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* dú- (combining form)

### Etymology

From Old Irish dub, from Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”). Cognates include English deaf.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /d̪ˠʊvˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /d̪ˠʊ/, /d̪ˠɞ/
* (Connemara) IPA: /d̪ˠʊ(vˠ)/
* (Mayo) IPA: /d̪ˠʊw/, (rare) /d̪ˠʊfˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /d̪ˠʊh/, [d̪ˠʊʍ]; (rare) /d̪ˠʊfˠ/

### Adjective

dubh (genitive singular masculine duibh, genitive singular feminine duibhe, plural dubha, comparative duibhe or dúcha)
* black
* black-haired
* (nominalized, masculine) black (color)

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
* Alternative comparative form: dúcha (Cois Fharraige)

#### Derived terms

* abhac dubh (“black dwarf”)
* baintreach dhubh (“black widow”)
* béar dubh (“black bear”)
* Brandubh
* ceanndubh (“black-headed”, adjective)
* clár dubh (“blackboard”)
* dú- (“black, dark”)
* dubh an charbóin (“carbon black”)
* dubh carbóin (“carbon black”)
* dubhán
* Dubhdáleithe
* Dubhdarach
* Dubhghall
* Dubhghus
* Dubhlachán
* dúch (“ink”)
* dúchan
* dúghorm (“dark blue, navy blue”, adjective)
* geabhróg dhubh (“black tern”)
* grús píbdhubh (“black-necked crane”)
* leann dubh (“stout, porter”)
* lon dubh (“blackbird”)
* lúbán dubh (“black pudding”)
* margadh dubh (“black market”)
* ó dhubh go dubh (“from dawn to dusk”)
* píbdhubh (“black-necked”, adjective)
* piobar dubh (“black pepper”)
* putóg dhubh (“black pudding”)
* scamhóg dhubh (“black lung”)
* scothdhubh (“blackish”, adjective)
* súil dhubh (“black eye, shiner”)
* tae dubh (“black tea”)

#### Descendants

* → Yola: ghou

### See also

Colors in Irish · dathanna (layout · text) :
| bán | liath | dubh |
| dearg; corcairdhearg | oráiste, flannbhuí; donn | buí; bánbhuí |
| líoma-ghlas, glas líoma | glas, uaine | dath an mhiontais |
| cian | gormghlas, spéirghorm | gorm |
| corcairghorm; indeagó | maigeanta; corcra | bándearg |

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dub”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 54, page 29
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 72
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 42, page 19
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 316, page 111

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dubh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “dubh”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “dubh”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish dub (“black”), from Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”).
Cognates within Celtic include Breton du (“black”), Welsh du (“black”), Cornish duv or du (“black”), Gaulish river name Dubis, now Doubs. Cognates outside Celtic include Ancient Greek τυφλός (tuphlós, “blind”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍃 (daubs, “deaf”), German taub (“deaf”), English deaf, English dumb.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪uh/, [t̪uh] ~ [t̪ʊh], [t̪u] ~ [t̪ʊ], [t̪uɣ] ~ [t̪ʊɣ]

### Adjective

dubh (genitive singular masculine dhuibh, genitive singular feminine duibhe, nominative plural dubha, comparative duibhe)
* black
* (hair color) black-haired
    Tha Dòmhnall Dubh an Dòmhnallaich a-nochd a' tòir air Mòraig. ― Black-haired Donald MacDonald is chasing after Morag tonight.

#### Derived terms

* bòrd-dubh (“blackboard”)
* cailleachag a' chinn duibh (“coal tit”)
* dubh dorch (“pitch black”)
* dubh-cheist
* dubh-fhacal (“riddle”)
* duine dubh (“black person”)
* gealag-dhubh-cheannach (“reed bunting”)
* losgann dubh (“toad”)
* màl dubh (“blackmail”, noun)
* marag dhubh (“black pudding”)
* sgian-dubh (“sgian dubh”)

### Noun

dubh m (genitive singular duibh, plural dubhan)
* blackness, darkness
    Synonyms: dorchadas, dubhar
* ink
    Synonym: inc
* pupil (of eye)
    Synonym: clach na sùla

#### Derived terms

* o mhoch gu dubh

### Verb

dubh (past dhubh, future dubhaidh, verbal noun dubhadh, past participle dubhte)
* blacken

#### Derived terms

* dubh a-mach
* dubh às

### See also

Colors in Scottish Gaelic · dathan (layout · text) :
| bàn, geal | glas | dubh |
| dearg; ruadh | orains; donn | buidhe; donn |
| uaine | uaine | gorm |
| liath; glas | liath | gorm |
| purpaidh; guirmean | pinc; purpaidh | pinc |

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ dubh at MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dubh”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN. Accessed 4 Feb. 2015.
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dub”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Accessed 4 Feb. 2015.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “dubh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN