# 秘結
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mìjié
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pi-kiet / pi-kiat
    (Hailu, HRS): bi$^ˇ$ gied
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pì-kiat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mìjié
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mìjié
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^4$-chieh$^2$
*** Yale: mì-jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mihjye
*** Palladius: мицзе (micze)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-kiet
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi gied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^4$ giad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-kiat
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi giad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^4$ giad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ ki̯at̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˇ$ gied
*** Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹ kiet⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-kiat
*** Tâi-lô: pì-kiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pie'kiad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tainan): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɛt̚⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /pi²¹⁻⁴² kiɛt̚³²/

### Verb

秘結
* (Hokkien, Hailufeng Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to be constipated; to have constipation (state of bowels)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 便秘 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 便秘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 屙屎不出 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 屙屎屙不出 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 屙屎不出 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 屙屎不出 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 便秘, 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 便秘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 便秘 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 便秘 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 結屎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 結屎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 結屎 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 結屎, 結恭, 便秘 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 結屎 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 屙唔出 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 便秘 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 結恭, 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 屙屎冇出 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 屙冇出屎 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 屙冇出 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 屙結屎 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 屎結 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 屙冇出, 便秘 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 屙屎冇出 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 結恭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 結恭, 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 屙唔出 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 結恭, 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 結恭, 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 結恭, 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 屙唔出 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 漲屎 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 秘結 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 屙屎唔出 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 屙硬屎 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 屙屎唔出 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 拉𠕇屎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 𣍐放屎, 便秘 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 秘結, 便秘 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 𣍐放屎 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 結秘 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 放𠕇屎 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 澀脾, 熱結, 乾澀 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 澀脾 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 熱結, 秘結 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 結秘 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 澀秘 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 結秘 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𣍐放屎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 結恭 |

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “祕結”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN