# 隗

| 隗 | U+9697, &#38551; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9697 |
| ← 隖 [U+9696] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 隘 → [U+9698] |

## Translingual
### Han character

隗 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 弓中竹山戈 (NLHUI), four-corner 7621$_3$, composition ⿰阝鬼)

#### Derived characters

* 𠏁, 㠕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1358, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41788
* Dae Jaweon: page 1862, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4147, character 4
* Unihan data for U+9697

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 謉 | *tkuːlʔ, *krul |
| 瑰 | *kuːl, *ɡuːl |
| 傀 | *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ |
| 藱 | *kuːl |
| 魁 | *kʰuːl |
| 磈 | *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 塊 | *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds |
| 嵬 | *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 隗 | *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 槐 | *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl |
| 瘣 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 廆 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 溾 | *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 螝 | *ɡuːls, *krul |
| 褢 | *ɡruːl |
| 騩 | *krul, *kruls, *kul |
| 愧 | *kruls |
| 媿 | *kruls |
| 聭 | *kruls |
| 餽 | *ɡruls |
| 鬼 | *kulʔ |
| 魏 | *ŋɡuls |
| 巍 | *ŋul |
| 犩 | *ŋul, *ŋuls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡuːlʔ): semantic 阝 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wěi (wei$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^5$ / ngai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wěi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^3$
*** Yale: wěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^5$ / ngai$^4$
*** Yale: ngáih / ngàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^5$ / ngai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^5$ / ngei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯¹³/, /ŋɐi̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngwojX
Rime :
| Character | 隗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五罪切 |
| Baxter | ngwojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋuʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋuoi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋuɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋwəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋuᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋuɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋuɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wěi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngoi$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡuːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 隗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4668 |
| Phonetic component | 鬼 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 頠 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡuːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

隗
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) high; lofty
    杳隗 ― yǎowěi ― high and steep
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to collapse; to fall
* a surname

### Etymology 2

Wang Guowei (1923) (apud Khayutina, 2016) connects this surname, also written as 媿／愧 (kuí), to the ethnonym 鬼方 (Guǐfāng).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Kuí (Kui$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Kuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Kuéi
*** Wade–Giles: Kʻuei$^2$
*** Yale: Kwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Kwei
*** Palladius: Куй (Kuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwai$^4$
*** Yale: kwàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐi̯²¹/

#### Definitions

隗
* a surname
    From: 韋昭 Wei Zhao,《國語注》Commentaries on Discourses of the States, Ch. 16
    Lù, Luò, Quán, Xú, Pú, jiē Chìdí, Kuí xìng yě. [Pinyin]
    Lu, Luo, Quan, Xu, and Pu were all Red Di, surnamed Kui.

#### Compounds

* 先從隗始 / 先从隗始
* 請自隗始 / 请自隗始

#### Further reading

* Khayutina, Maria. (2016). "The Tombs of the Rulers of Peng and Relationships between Zhou and Northern Non-Zhou Lineages (Until the Early Ninth Century B.C.)" in Shaughnessy, Edward L. (ed.) Imprints of Kinship: Studies of Recently Discovered Bronze Inscriptions from Ancient China Publisher: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 71-132

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* high
* steep

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: がい (gai)
* Kan’yō-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: けわしい (kewashii, 隗しい)、たかい (takai)

## Korean
### Hanja

隗 • (a) (hangeul 아)
* high
* lofty