# 曲

| 曲 | U+66F2, &#26354; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F2 |
| ← 曱 [U+66F1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曳 → [U+66F3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

曲 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿田 (TW) or 廿月金 (TBC) or 難廿田 (XTW), four-corner 5560$_0$, composition ⿻曰⿰丨丨)

#### Derived characters

* 豊, 農, 𪨰, 麯, 𨀪, 𨀲, 㖆, 浀, 粬, 蛐, 𪜔

#### See also

* 典, 曹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14280
* Dae Jaweon: page 873, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1484, character 2
* Unihan data for U+66F2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曲 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogram (指事) – a bent object. Also simplified from 麴 via the variant character 麯 / 曲.
Unrelated to 曹 and 典.

### Etymology 1
#### used in names of rivers

    From Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “river”).

#### to bend, bent, curved, crooked, wrong

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/ʔ)uk (“bend, crooked, return, back, year”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འགུགས ('gugs, “to bend”), Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “bent, curved, crooked”) (Hill, 2019). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *gɔk (“be crooked, bent, lame”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### mocking; ridiculing

    From 曲線／曲线 (qūxiàn).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qū (qu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiuk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qyeh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): kṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): ké̤ṳk / kuóh
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiok / khiak / khek / khak / khiau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kêg$^4$ / kiog$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$chioq; $^7$chiuq / $^7$chioq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiu
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kuk$^1$
*** Yale: kūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiʊk̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qyeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰy²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk / kuóh
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰøyʔ²⁴/, /kʰuɔʔ²⁴/
* ké̤ṳk - literary;
* kuóh - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit曲 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折 /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～ /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰok̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰuk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰiɔk̚³²/ /kʰik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰœyʔ²³/ /kʰwoʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰy²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xok̚⁵/ ～調 /xiak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: khjowk
Rime :
| Character | 曲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丘玉切 |
| Baxter | khjowk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | huk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)ok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰ(r)ok/ |
| English | to bend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10578 |
| Phonetic component | 曲 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曲 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoɡ/ |

##### Definitions

曲
* 曲姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 曲氏 (Cantonese)
* Khiok (oat-pêng) (Southern Min)
* not straight; bent
** twisting
** curved
    曲線／曲线 ― qūxiàn ― curve
** crooked
* wrong; not right
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly Internet slang) mocking; ridiculing; /s
* a surname
* Used in names of rivers in Tibet and surrounding regions.

##### Compounds

* 三回九曲
* 不顧曲直 / 不顾曲直
* 九曲洞
* 乞留曲律
* 二次曲線 / 二次曲线
* 二次曲面
* 保留曲線 / 保留曲线
* 千里一曲
* 卷曲 (quánqū)
* 圓錐曲線 / 圆锥曲线 (yuánzhuī qūxiàn)
* 土中曲蟮
* 坊曲
* 委曲 (wěiqū)
* 委曲成全
* 委曲求全 (wěiqūqiúquán)
* 學習曲線 / 学习曲线
* 審曲面勢 / 审曲面势
* 小廉曲謹 / 小廉曲谨
* 屈曲 (qūqū)
* 平面曲線 / 平面曲线
* 龐琴曲線 / 庞琴曲线
* 弓腰曲背
* 彎彎曲曲 / 弯弯曲曲
* 彎曲 / 弯曲 (wānqū)
* 心曲 (xīnqū)
* 感人心曲
* 扭曲 (niǔqū)
* 扭曲作直
* 拗曲作直
* 拳曲 (quánqū)
* 捲曲 / 卷曲 (juǎnqū)
* 撓直為曲 / 挠直为曲
* 文曲星
* 是非曲直 (shìfēiqūzhí)
* 曲別針 / 曲别针 (qūbiézhēn)
* 曲匝
* 曲園 / 曲园
* 曲士
* 曲媚取容
* 曲學詖行 / 曲学诐行
* 曲學阿世 / 曲学阿世 (qūxué'ēshì)
* 曲室
* 曲宴
* 曲射炮
* 曲尺 (qūchǐ)
* 曲局
* 曲庇
* 曲律
* 曲徑 / 曲径
* 曲徑通幽 / 曲径通幽
* 曲從 / 曲从
* 曲心矯肚 / 曲心矫肚
* 曲意 (qūyì)
* 曲意逢迎 (qūyìféngyíng)
* 曲房
* 曲折 (qūzhé)
* 曲折縈紆 / 曲折萦纡 (qūzhéyíngyū)
* 曲折離奇 / 曲折离奇 (qūzhélíqí)
* 曲拗
* 曲撓 / 曲挠
* 曲曲彎彎 / 曲曲弯弯
* 曲曲折折
* 曲柄笠
* 曲棍球 (qūgùnqiú)
* 曲欄 / 曲栏 (qūlán)
* 曲水 (Qūshuǐ)
* 曲水流觴 / 曲水流觞
* 曲江 (Qūjiāng)
* 曲江宴
* 曲江池
* 曲流
* 曲率 (qūlǜ)
* 曲球
* 曲瓊 / 曲琼
* 曲盡人情 / 曲尽人情
* 曲盡其妙 / 曲尽其妙
* 曲直 (qūzhí)
* 曲直分明
* 曲禮 / 曲礼
* 曲突徙薪 (qūtūxǐxīn)
* 曲筆 / 曲笔
* 曲線 / 曲线
* 曲線板 / 曲线板
* 曲線美 / 曲线美 (qūxiànměi)
* 曲肱之樂 / 曲肱之乐
* 曲肱而枕
* 曲背
* 曲致
* 曲臺 / 曲台
* 曲蓋 / 曲盖
* 曲薄
* 曲蟮
* 曲裡拐彎 / 曲里拐弯
* 曲裡拐彎兒 / 曲里拐弯儿
* 曲裾 (qūjū)
* 曲解 (qūjiě)
* 曲說 / 曲说 (qūshuō)
* 曲謹 / 曲谨
* 曲赦
* 曲躬躬
* 曲軸 / 曲轴 (qūzhóu)
* 曲辮子 / 曲辫子
* 曲道
* 曲阜 (Qūfù)
* 曲阻
* 曲院 (qūyuàn)
* 曲隱 / 曲隐
* 曲霉 (qūméi)
* 曲靖 (Qūjìng)
* 曲面 (qūmiàn)
* 曲頸甑 / 曲颈甑 (qūjǐngzèng)
* 曲體 / 曲体
* 樛曲
* 款曲 (kuǎnqū)
* 武曲星
* 歪曲 (wāiqū)
* 水曲
* 汀曲
* 河曲智叟
* 流觴曲水 / 流觞曲水 (liúshāngqūshuǐ)
* 海曲 (hǎiqū)
* 浮詞曲說 / 浮词曲说
* 盤旋曲折 / 盘旋曲折
* 盤曲 / 盘曲 (pánqū)
* 私曲 (sīqū)
* 空間曲線 / 空间曲线
* 紆曲 / 纡曲
* 縱曲枉直 / 纵曲枉直
* 苟容曲從 / 苟容曲从
* 薄曲
* 蜷曲 (quánqū)
* 蟠曲 (pánqū)
* 衷曲 (zhōngqū)
* 褶曲
* 褶曲山脈 / 褶曲山脉
* 襟曲
* 西布曲明 (xībùqūmíng)
* 詰曲 / 诘曲
* 迂曲 (yūqū)
* 迂迂曲曲
* 迂迴曲折 / 迂回曲折 (yūhuíqūzhé)
* 遠引曲喻 / 远引曲喻
* 邪曲
* 部曲 (bùqū)
* 鄉曲 / 乡曲 (xiāngqū)
* 鄉曲之譽 / 乡曲之誉
* 鄰曲 / 邻曲
* 阿意曲從 / 阿意曲从
* 雙曲線 / 双曲线 (shuāngqūxiàn)
* 離奇曲折 / 离奇曲折
* 靜脈曲張 / 静脉曲张 (jìngmài qūzhāng)
* 飲水曲肱 / 饮水曲肱
* 鬈曲 (quánqū)

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qǔ (qu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чү (čü, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qiuh$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiuk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ké̤ṳk / kuóh
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiok / khiak / khek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kêg$^4$ / kiog$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$chioq; $^7$chiuq / $^7$chioq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^3$
*** Yale: chyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheu
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǔr
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyǔr
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: chyǔr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuel
*** Palladius: цюйр (cjujr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyə̯ɻ²¹⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чү (čü, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kuk$^1$
*** Yale: kūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊk̚⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qiuh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiʊk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk / kuóh
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰøyʔ²⁴/, /kʰuɔʔ²⁴/
* ké̤ṳk - literary;
* kuóh - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit曲 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折 /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～ /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰok̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰuk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰiɔk̚³²/ /kʰik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰœyʔ²³/ /kʰwoʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰy²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xok̚⁵/ ～調 /xiak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: khjowk
Rime :
| Character | 曲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丘玉切 |
| Baxter | khjowk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | huk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)ok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰ(r)ok/ |
| English | to bend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10578 |
| Phonetic component | 曲 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曲 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoɡ/ |

##### Definitions

曲
* song
    歌曲 ― gēqǔ ― song
    曲調／曲调 ― qǔdiào ― melody
* Qu (poetry)

#### Synonyms

* (song):
* 唱 (chàng)
* 歌 (gē)
* 歌子 (gēzi) (colloquial)
* 歌曲 (gēqǔ)
* (Qu): 詞餘／词余 (cíyú)

##### Compounds

* 一曲
* 一曲千金
* 一曲陽關 / 一曲阳关
* 三部曲 (sānbùqǔ)
* 主題曲 / 主题曲 (zhǔtíqǔ)
* 交響曲 / 交响曲 (jiāoxiǎngqǔ)
* 作曲 (zuòqǔ)
* 佛曲
* 但曲
* 俚曲 (lǐqǔ)
* 催眠曲 (cuīmiánqǔ)
* 元曲 (yuánqǔ)
* 六十種曲 / 六十种曲
* 冷板曲
* 前奏曲
* 副曲
* 創意曲 / 创意曲
* 劇曲 / 剧曲
* 北曲 (běiqǔ)
* 協奏曲 / 协奏曲 (xiézòuqǔ)
* 南曲 (nánqǔ)
* 受難曲 / 受难曲 (shòunànqǔ)
* 同工異曲 / 同工异曲 (tónggōngyìqǔ)
* 名曲 (míngqǔ)
* 周郎顧曲 / 周郎顾曲
* 唱曲 (chàngqǔ)
* 圓舞曲 / 圆舞曲 (yuánwǔqǔ)
* 地方戲曲 / 地方戏曲
* 塞上曲
* 塞下曲
* 夜曲 (yèqǔ)
* 大協奏曲 / 大协奏曲
* 大曲 (dàqǔ)
* 奏鳴曲 / 奏鸣曲 (zòumíngqǔ)
* 奏鳴曲式 / 奏鸣曲式 (zòumíngqǔshì)
* 套曲
* 妙曲
* 安魂曲 (ānhúnqǔ)
* 小夜曲 (xiǎoyèqū)
* 小插曲
* 小曲 (xiǎoqǔ)
* 小步舞曲
* 岔曲 (chàqǔ)
* 崑曲 / 昆曲 (kūnqǔ)
* 州曲
* 幻想曲 (huànxiǎngqǔ)
* 序曲 (xùqǔ)
* 度曲
* 彌撒曲 / 弥撒曲 (mísāqǔ)
* 念曲叫曲
* 慢曲
* 戀曲 / 恋曲 (liànqǔ)
* 戲曲 / 戏曲 (xìqǔ)
* 抗戰歌曲 / 抗战歌曲
* 拔山曲
* 拳不離手，曲不離口 / 拳不离手，曲不离口 (quánbùlíshǒu, qūbùlíkǒu)
* 採蓮曲 / 采莲曲
* 揚州清曲 / 扬州清曲
* 插曲 (chāqǔ)
* 搖籃曲 / 摇篮曲 (yáolánqǔ)
* 敘事曲 / 叙事曲
* 散曲 (sǎnqǔ)
* 敦煌曲子
* 文曲 (wénqǔ)
* 曲壇 / 曲坛
* 曲子 (qǔzi)
* 曲學 / 曲学
* 曲度
* 曲式 (qǔshì)
* 曲牌 (qǔpái)
* 曲目 (qǔmù)
* 曲笛 (qǔdí)
* 曲終人散 / 曲终人散 (qǔzhōngrénsàn)
* 曲終奏雅 / 曲终奏雅
* 曲藝 / 曲艺 (qǔyì)
* 曲話 / 曲话
* 曲調 / 曲调 (qǔdiào)
* 曲譜 / 曲谱 (qǔpǔ)
* 曲高和寡 (qǔgāohèguǎ)
* 月光曲
* 樂曲 / 乐曲 (yuèqǔ)
* 欸乃曲
* 歌曲 (gēqǔ)
* 民俗曲藝 / 民俗曲艺
* 民謠歌曲 / 民谣歌曲
* 法曲
* 波蘭舞曲 / 波兰舞曲
* 流亡曲
* 流行歌曲 (liúxíng gēqǔ)
* 浪漫曲
* 牌子曲
* 狂想曲 (kuángxiǎngqǔ)
* 獨曲 / 独曲
* 異曲同工 / 异曲同工 (yìqǔtónggōng)
* 當曲河 / 当曲河
* 白雪曲
* 神曲 (shénqǔ)
* 粵曲 / 粤曲 (yuèqǔ)
* 細曲 / 细曲
* 終曲 / 终曲
* 組曲 / 组曲 (zǔqū)
* 編曲 / 编曲 (biānqǔ)
* 練習曲 / 练习曲 (liànxíqǔ)
* 練聲曲 / 练声曲
* 自度曲
* 舞曲 (wǔqǔ)
* 藝術歌曲 / 艺术歌曲
* 螾廬曲談 / 螾庐曲谈
* 衿曲
* 西曲
* 詞曲 / 词曲 (cíqǔ)
* 詼諧曲 / 诙谐曲
* 譜曲 / 谱曲 (pǔqǔ)
* 變奏曲 / 变奏曲 (biànzòuqǔ)
* 赴曲
* 輪唱曲 / 轮唱曲
* 輪旋曲 / 轮旋曲
* 迴旋曲 / 回旋曲 (huíxuánqǔ)
* 進行曲 / 进行曲 (jìnxíngqǔ)
* 道曲
* 鄭衛之曲 / 郑卫之曲
* 酒曲 (jiǔqū)
* 長干曲
* 間奏曲 / 间奏曲 (jiānzòuqǔ)
* 雨村曲話 / 雨村曲话
* 顧曲 / 顾曲
* 顧曲周郎 / 顾曲周郎
* 饒舌歌曲 / 饶舌歌曲
* 鼓子曲

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 曲 – see 麴 (“yeast; leaven; wine; alcoholic beverage; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 麴).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “曲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* song, melody, composition
* bent, curve
* to turn, to twist
* crooked

#### Readings

* Go-on: こく (koku)
* Kan-on: きょく (kyoku, Jōyō)
* Kun: まがる (magaru, 曲がる, Jōyō)、まげる (mageru, 曲げる, Jōyō)、くま (kuma, 曲)、くせ (kuse, 曲)

#### Compounds

* 曲(きょっ)解(かい) (kyokkai)
* 曲(きょく)技(ぎ) (kyokugi)
* 曲(きょく)芸(げい) (kyokugei)
* 曲(きょく)射(しゃ) (kyokusha)
* 曲(きょく)折(せつ) (kyokusetsu)
* 曲(きょく)面(めん) (kyokumen)
* 曲(きょく)目(もく) (kyokumoku)
* 曲(きょく)論(ろん) (kyokuron)
* 曲(くせ)者(もの) (kusemono)
* 交(こう)声(せい)曲(きょく) (kōseikyoku): cantata
* 小(さ)夜(よ)曲(きょく) (sayokyoku), 小(しょう)夜(や)曲(きょく) (shōyakyoku): serenade
* 奏(そう)鳴(めい)曲(きょく) (sōmeikyoku): sonata
* 夜(や)曲(きょく) (yakyoku): serenade
* 練(れん)習(しゅう)曲(きょく) (renshūkyoku): etude

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 曲
* きょく Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 曲 (MC khjowk).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょく [kyòkú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) きょく [kyóꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

曲(きょく) • (kyoku)
* a piece of music

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 曲
* わ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 曲 – see the following entry. :
| 【回わ】2 | [noun] (obsolete) a bend (of an area) |
(This term, 曲, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

曲 (eumhun 굽을 곡 (gubeul gok))
* hanja form of 곡 (“bent; twisted; curved”)
* hanja form of 곡 (“a piece of music; tune”)

#### Compounds

* 가곡 (歌曲, gagok, “song, aria, melody”)
* 곡곡 (曲曲, gokgok, “a winding mountain or road, abbreviation of 坊坊曲曲, which means everywhere.”)
* 곡관 (曲管, gokgwan, “bent pipe or tube”)
* 곡론 (曲論, gongnon, “sophistry”)
* 곡률 (曲率, gongnyul, “curvature”)
* 곡마 (曲馬, gongma, “circus”)
* 곡면 (曲面, gongmyeon, “curved surface”)
* 곡명 (曲名, gongmyeong, “musical title”)
* 곡목 (曲目, gongmok, “musical items, titles”)
* 곡방 (曲房, gokbang, “a secret room beyond the reach of one's eyes.”)
* 곡사 (曲射, goksa, “high-angle fire”)
* 곡선 (曲線, gokseon, “curve”)
* 곡예 (曲藝, gogye, “acrobatic artistry”)
* 곡의 (曲意, gogui, “to bow down to a person”)
* 곡자 (曲子, gokja, “leaven, malt”)
* 곡절 (曲折, gokjeol, “underlying reasons for behavior”)
* 곡조 (曲調, gokjo, “tune, melody”)
* 곡직 (曲直, gokjik, “right and wrong”)
* 곡직 (曲直, gokjik, “right and/or wrong, good and/or bad”)
* 곡척 (曲尺, gokcheok, “steel square, carpenter's square”)
* 곡필 (曲笔, gokpil, “to write in a cloak of reality”)
* 곡필 (曲筆, gokpil, “unfair authorship”)
* 곡학 (曲学, gokhak, “lopsided narrow-minded press; a man of low learning and good knowledge”)
* 곡학 (曲學, gokhak, “unfair scholarship”)
* 곡해 (曲解, gokhae, “misunderstanding, misinterpretation”)
* 곡해 (曲解, gokhae, “to misinterpret objective facts or the original intentions of others”)
* 방방곡곡 (坊坊曲曲, bangbanggokgok, “everywhere”)
* 작곡 (作曲, jakgok, “musical composition”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

曲: Hán Việt readings: khúc (丘(khâu)六(lục)切(thiết))
曲: Nôm readings: khúc
* chữ Hán form of khúc (“bent; curved”).
* chữ Hán form of khúc (“piece; section; chunk; tune; song”).

#### Compounds

* 入家隨俗，入江隨曲 (nhập gia tùy tục, nhập giang tùy khúc/nhập gia tuỳ tục, nhập giang tuỳ khúc)
* 曲折 (khúc chiết)
* 曲棍球 (khúc côn cầu)
* 歌曲 (ca khúc)
* 疉曲 (điệp khúc)
* 聯曲 (liên khúc)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).