# ܫܥܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Inherited from Aramaic שָׁעְתָא (šāʿəṯā); related to Arabic سَاعَة (sāʕa) and Hebrew שָׁעָה (sha'á). Doublet of ܣܵܥܲܬ (sāˁat).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃɑʕːθɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ʃɑʔːtɑː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ʃeːθa]

### Noun

ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ • (šāˁṯā) f sg (plural ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ (šāˁē) or ܫܵܥ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁāṯā))
* an hour (a period of time, sixty minutes)
    ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܐܸܫܬܝܼܢ ܕܲܩܝܼܩܹ̈ܐ ܒܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐīṯ ištīn daqīqē b-šāˁṯāThere are sixty minutes in an hour
    ܒܸܬ ܡܵܛܲܚ ܒܚܲܡܸܫ ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ ― bit māṭaḥ b-ḥammiš šāˁē ― We will arrive in five hours
    ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܛܵܪܹܝܬ ܬܚܘܿܬ݂ ܬܡܵܢܝܼܢ ܟܝܼܠܘܿܡܝܼܛܪܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܒܗܵܕ݂ܹܐ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ.wālē d-ṭārēt tḥōṯ tmānīn kīlōmīṭrē gaw šāˁṯā b-hāḏē urḥā.You must drive under eighty kilometers per hour on this road.
** Matthew 24:36:
    ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܠܗ̇ܘ ܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܘܠܗ̇ܝ ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܐܵܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ، ܘܐܵܦ ܠܵܐ ܡܲܠܲܐܟ݂ܹ̈ܐ ܕܫ̈ܡܲܝܵܐ، ܐܸܠܵܐ ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ.īnā l-awa yawmā w-l-aya šāˁṯā āp ḥa nāšā lā kē yāḏēˁ, w-āp lā mallaˀḵē d-šmayyā, illā aḇā b-nafšēh.But of that day and that hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but My Father only.
* moment of time
    ܬܵܐ ܥܕ݂ܘܿܪ ܠܝܼ، ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܗܵܘܝܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܚܕ݂ܵܐ ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐtā ˁḏōr lī, lā kē hāwyā illā ḥḏā šāˁṯāCome help me, it won’t be but a moment.
* (by extension) the time
    see more in the construct state → ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ (šāˁaṯ)
** Luke 23:44:
    ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܬܲܪܬܲܥܸܣܪܹܐ ܕܛܲܗܪܵܐ، ܗܘܹܐ ܠܹܐ ܚܘܼܫܟܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܟܠܵܗ̇ ܐܲܪܥܵܐ ܗܲܠ ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܬܠܵܬ݂ ܡ̣ܢ ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ ܛܲܗܪܵܐayḵ šāˁaṯ tartaˁisrē d-ṭahrā, hwē lē ḥuškā ˁal kullāh arˁā hal šāˁaṯ tlāṯ min bāṯar ṭahrāNow it was about the sixth hour (twelfth hour at noon) and there was darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour (third hour in the afternoon).
* timepiece, clock, watch
    ܟܹܐ ܡܲܚܒܸܢ ܠܵܗ̇ ܫܵܥܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ ܫܲܦܝܼܪܬܵܐ.kē maḥbin lāh šāˁṯūḵ šapīrtā.I love your beautiful watch.

#### Usage notes

* Since ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā) is feminine, the numbers with gendered forms display feminine gender agreement when they refer to the hour of the day. However, in some dialects of colloquial Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, masculine numbers are often used regardless.
* Masculine numbers are always used for the minutes as ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ (daqīqā) is grammatically masculine. However, in some dialects of colloquial Assyrian Neo-Aramaic that use feminine numbers, they are used instead.

#### Coordinate terms

* ܪܦܵܦܵܐ (rpāpā, “moment”), ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (trayyānīṯā, “second”), ܝܲܘܡܵܐ (yawmā, “day”), ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā, “week”), ܝܲܪܚܵܐ (yarḥā, “month”), ܐܸܩܡܵܐ (iqmā, “season”), ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šēttā, “year”)

#### Derived terms

* ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܪܲܒܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā rabṯā, “clock”)
* ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܚܝܼܙܵܝܬܵܐ (šāˁṯā ḥīzāytā, “hourglass”)
* ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܙܲܗܪܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā mzahrānīṯā, “alarm clock”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

Compare Arabic سَاعَة (sāʕa) and Hebrew שָׁעָה (šāʿâ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃɑʕ(ə)θɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ʃɑʕe], [ʃɑʕɑθɑ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܫܥܬܐ • (šāʿṯā) f (plural ܫܥܬܐ or ܫܥܐ)
* hour (60 minutes)
* time, o'clock
* moment
* season
* (astronomy) angle, degree
* (astronomy) ascendant
* unit of weight equal to 5 oz.
* (astrology) horoscope

##### Usage notes

* Usually, the plural ܫܥܐ (šāʿē) is a paucal plural (from two to ten) while the plural ܫܥܬܐ (šāʿāṯā) is a multiple plural (eleven or more).
* The absolute singular form ܫܥ (šāʿ) only occurs in the compound ܟܠܫܥ (kolšāʿ, “always”).

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃ(ə)ʕɑθɑ] (singular and plural)

#### Noun

ܫܥܬܐ • (šʿāṯā) f (plural ܫܥܬܐ)
* amusement, joke
* laughing stock
* play, game
* sport
* spectacle

##### Inflection
### References

* “šˁh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 363a, 375b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 588a, 598a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 1584b–1585a

## Turoyo
### Etymology

From Aramaic ܫܥܬܐ (šāʿṯā). Doublet of ܣܰܥܰܐ (saca), an Arabic borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃoʕθo/

### Noun

ܫܳܥܬ݂ܳܐ • (šocṯo) f (plural ܫܳܥܶܐ (šoce))
* hour
    Synonym: ܣܰܥܰܐ (saca)

#### See also

* ܫܰܬܳܐ (šato, “year”)
* ܝܰܪܚܳܐ (yarḥo, “month”)
* ܫܰܒܬ݂ܳܐ (šabṯo, “week”)
* ܝܰܘܡܳܐ (yawmo, “day”)
* ܕܰܩܩܰܐ (daqqa, “minute”), ܩܰܛܷܢܬܳܐ (qaṭënto, “minute”)
* ܨܰܢܝـܝܶܐ (ṣaniye, “second”), ܪܦܳܦܳܐ (rfofo, “second”)