# صنوبر
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ص ن ب ر (ṣ n b r) meaning “bitter cold”, “weather requiring hardiness to endure”, a variant of ص ب ر (ṣ b r) “enduring”, “patient”, “persevering”; so named for the tree being a winter-enduring evergreen tree.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.naw.bar/

### Noun

صَنَوْبَر • (ṣanawbar) m (collective, singulative صَنَوْبَرَة f (ṣanawbara))
* pine, pine tree
* pine nut

#### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: صنوبر (ṣinōbar), صنيبر (ṣinēbar)
* Gulf Arabic: صنوبر (ṣnōbar)
* Hijazi Arabic: صنوبر (ṣunōbar)
* Maltese: żnuber, snuber
* Moroccan Arabic: صنوبر (ṣnūbar)
* South Levantine Arabic: صنوبر (ṣnōbar)
** → Hebrew: צְנוֹבָּר (tsnobár)
* → Middle Armenian: սոնոպար (sonopar)
* → Old Georgian: სანობარი (sanobari)
* → Classical Persian: صَنَوْبَر (sanawbar)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सनोवर (sanovar), सनोबर (sanobar)
    Urdu: صنوبر (sanobar)
** → Malay: sanubari
*** Indonesian: sanubari

### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صنوبر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 616
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صنبر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1730-1731
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 40–47

### Further reading

* صنوبر on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ar}$

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صَنَوْبَر (ṣanawbar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤu.noː.bar/, [sˤʊˈno̞ːbar]

### Noun

صُنوبَر • (ṣunōbar) m (collective, singulative صُنُوبَرَة f (ṣunōbara))
* pine, pine tree
* pine nut

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَنَوْبَر (ṣanawbar, “pine”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.naw.ˈbaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.näw.bǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.näw.bǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.näw.bǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sä.näw.bǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [se.now.bǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.näw.bǽɾ]

### Noun

صنوبر • (senowbar)
* poplar
* (archaic) pine
    Synonym: کاج (kâj)
* (poetic, figurative, mainly in compounds) the slender and graceful beloved
    Synonym: سرو (sarv, literally “cypress”)
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 11”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:چندان بود کرشمه و نازِ سهی‌قدان کآید به جلوه سرو صنوبرخرام ماčandān buwad kirišma u nāz-i sahī-qaddān k-āyad ba jalwa sarw-i sanawbar-xarām-i māThe coyness and coquetry of those straight-standing ones last only so long Until my cypress comes in splendor with pine-like stride.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सनोवर (sanovar), सनोबर (sanobar)
    Urdu: صنوبر (sanobar)
* → Malay: sanubari
** Indonesian: sanubari

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “صنوبر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

### Further reading

* صنوبر on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{fa}$

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صَنَوْبَر (ṣanawbar).

### Pronunciation

* (Palestine) IPA: /sˤnoː.bar/, /snoː.bar/

### Noun

صنوبر • (ṣnōbar) m (collective)
* pine nuts
* pines, pine trees
    شجرة صنوبر ― šajret ṣnōbar ― a pine tree

#### Descendants

* → Hebrew: צְנוֹבָּר (tsnobár)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صَنَوْبَر (sanawbar), from Arabic صَنَوْبَر (ṣanawbar).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sə.noː.bəɾ/
* Rhymes: -əɾ
* Hyphenation: صَ‧نو‧بَر

### Noun

صَنوبَر • (sanobar) m (Hindi spelling सनोबर)
* a conifer; a pine tree

### References

* John Shakespear (1834) “صنوبر”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
* Platts, John T. (1884) “صنوبر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 746

### Further reading

* “صنوبر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “صنوبر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “صنوبر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 418
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “صنوبر”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 833