# filo
## English
### Noun

filo (countable and uncountable, plural filos)
* Alternative spelling of phyllo

### Further reading

* filo on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* FOIL, LIFO, foil, lo-fi, lofi

## Catalan
### Verb

filo
* first-person singular present indicative of filar

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin fīlius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfilo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ilo
* Hyphenation: fi‧lo

### Noun

filo (accusative singular filon, plural filoj, accusative plural filojn)
* son

#### Hypernyms

* gefilo (“offspring”)

#### Coordinate terms

* filino (“daughter”)

#### Derived terms

* duonfilo (“stepson”)
* filiĉo
* vicfilo (“stepson”)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.lo/
* Rhymes: -ilo
* Hyphenation: fì‧lo

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin fīlum.

#### Noun

filo m (plural fili m or (collectively or in fixed expressions) fila f, diminutive filìno or filétto)
* thread (for sewing, etc.)
* yarn
* string (cord)
* cable, wire, flex
* blade (of grass, etc.)
* grain (of wood)
* (idiomatic, in the plural) threads, strands
* trickle (of water)
    filo d'acquawater trickle
* breath (of air)
* wisp (of smoke)
* edge (of blade)
* ray (of light)
* glimmer (of hope)

##### Usage notes

* The feminine plural fila is only used in the idiomatic sense threads.

##### Derived terms

* affilare
* fila
* filare
* filo a piombo
* filo di speranza
* filo di voce
* infilare
* per filo e per segno

##### Related terms

* filare

### Etymology 2

From Latin phylum, from Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon).

#### Noun

filo m (plural fili)
* (taxonomy) phylum (a rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

filo
* first-person singular present indicative of filare

### Further reading

* filo$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* filo$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* lofi

## Italiot Greek
### Noun

filo m
* friend

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From fīlum (“thread”, noun) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix). Documented from the fourth century AD.

#### Verb

fīlō (present infinitive fīlāre, perfect active fīlāvī, supine fīlātum); first conjugation (Late Latin)
* to weave
    Synonym: neō

##### Descendants

* Dalmatian:
** filuor
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: filà
** Italian: filare
** Neapolitan: filare
** Sicilian: filari
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: filar
** Franco-Provençal: felar
** French: filer
** Gascon: hilar
** Occitan: filar
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: filar
** Old Galician-Portuguese: fiar
*** Galician: fiar
*** Portuguese: fiar
** Spanish: hilar
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: filare

#### References

* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fīlum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 539

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

fīlō n
* dative/ablative singular of fīlum

## Macanese
### Etymology

From Portuguese filho.

### Noun

filo (plural filo-filo, female fila)
* boy
* son
    filo-di-quim ― whose son
* child
    filo-grándi ― oldest child
    filo trás di porta ― illegitimate child

### Particle

filo-filo
* diminutive marker
    chuva filo-filo ― a drizzle (literally, “rain children”)

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.lu/
* Hyphenation: fi‧lo
* Homophone: filho (Madeira)

#### Noun

filo m (plural filos)
* (taxonomy) phylum (rank below kingdom and above class)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

filo
* first-person singular present indicative of filar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfilo/ [ˈfi.lo]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ilo
* Syllabification: fi‧lo

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish filo, inherited from Latin fīlum. Doublet of hilo. Both were inherited, and it is not entirely clear why the two diverged in pronunciation, with filo coming to mean 'edge' and hilo maintaining the Latin sense of 'string, thread'. Perhaps the /f~h/ variation was exploited to create two words with more specialized senses.

#### Noun

filo m (plural filos)
* edge, cutting edge (of the blade of an instrument)
* edge (sharp terminating border)
* (colloquial, dated, Colombia, El Salvador) hunger
* (Cuba) fold

##### Derived terms

* afilar
* al filo de
* arma de dos filos
* contrafilo
* de doble filo
* espada de dos filos
* filar
* filoso

#### Interjection

filo
* (Chile, colloquial) whatever, I don't care

##### Related terms

* desfilar
* fila
* filamento
* filiera
* hilar
* hilo

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from New Latin phylum, from Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race”).

#### Noun

filo m (plural filos)
* (biology, taxonomy) phylum

##### Derived terms

* subfilo
* superfilo

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

filo
* first-person singular present indicative of filar

### Further reading

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “hilo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 361
* “filo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tongan
### Noun

filo
* cotton

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish فیلو (filo, “line of battle”), from Venetan filo (“line”), from Latin filum.

### Noun

filo (definite accusative filoyu, plural filolar)
* (military, nautical) fleet; squadron, line of battle

### References

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “filo”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 2, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1593
* Kahane, Henry R., Kahane, Renée, Tietze, Andreas (1958) The Lingua Franca in the Levant: Turkish Nautical Terms of Italian and Greek Origin, Urbana: University of Illinois, § 286
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “filo”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN