# facio
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* *fhakiō (attested: fhefhakēd), *vhaciō (attested: vhēced) (Old Latin)
* fāre (late infinitive)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *fakjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁k-yé-ti (“to put; place”). Doublet of -ficō.
The passive voice is suppletively provided by the etymologically unrelated fīō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfa.ki.oː/, [ˈfäkioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfa.t͡ʃi.o/, [ˈfäːt͡ʃio]

### Verb

faciō (present infinitive facere, perfect active fēcī, supine factum); third conjugation iō-variant, suppletive
* to do (particularly as a specific instance or occasion of doing)
    Quid fēcī?What have I done?
    Latrōcinium modo factum est. (special usage; passive perfect = took place, lit. has been made/is done)A robbery just took place.
    Factum est.(It) is done.
** 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations‎:Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; but you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trusty guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.
* to make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect
* to make, produce, compose
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.3:dīxitque Deus fiat lūx et facta est lūxAnd God said: Let light be made. And light was made.
* to appoint

#### Usage notes

Facere renders a sense of doing or making with respect to a specific instance of so doing or making; for more continuative senses of doing or making, compare agō, agitō and gerō. In Late and Medieval Latin the verb was used with infinitives to form causative constructions (e.g., cf. English fieri facias, from Medieval Latin fierī faciās), which are calques from (Proto-)Romance considered inappropriate in Classical Latin.

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb. $^2$Old Latin.

##### Passive

    If one were to follow the Proto-Italic verb *fakjō, *fakjezi, the passive would be **facior, **facī in the present. However, these forms are not attested before or during the Classical period.

#### Derived terms

* afficiō
* ārefaciō
* benefaciō
* calefaciō
* commonefaciō
* cōnficiō
* dēficiō
* disfaciō
* dolum faciō
* efficiō
* facessō
* faciō dīlābī
* factō
* factor
* factum
* factus
* *fare
* īnficiō
* interficiō
* liquefaciō
* malefaciō
* mollifaciō
* officiō
* olfaciō
* patefaciō
* perficiō
* praeficiō
* prōficiō
* reficiō
* satisfaciō
* stupefaciō
* sufficiō
* tepefaciō

#### Related terms

* facinus
* -fex
* -ficō
* -ficus

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: fac, fatsiri
** Istro-Romanian: facu
** Megleno-Romanian: fac, fațiri
** Romanian: face, facere
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: facere
** Sicilian: fàciri
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: fer
** Franco-Provençal: fére, fâre
** Occitan: faire, fer
*** Gascon: hèr
** Old French: faire (see there for further descendants)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: fazer
*** Fala: fel, ficel
*** Galician: facer
*** Portuguese: fazer
** Old Leonese: fazer
*** Asturian: facer, faer, fer, ḥacer
*** Extremaduran: hazel
*** Leonese: facere
*** Mirandese: fazer
** Old Spanish: fazer
*** Ladino: azer, אזיר
*** Spanish: hacer
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: fàghere, fai (Campidanese), fàere (Logudorese), fàchere, vàchere (Nuorese)
* Borrowings:
** → Ido: facar
** → Interlingua: facer
** → Sabir: fazir (via one or more Romance languages)
Reflexes of the late variant fāre:
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: fà
*** Gallurese: fà
*** Sassarese: fà
** Dalmatian: fur
** Istriot: fà
** Italian: fare
*** → Esperanto: fari
** Neapolitan: fare
** Sicilian: fari
** Venetan: far
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: fâ
** Ladin: fé, fèr
** Romansch: far
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: fèr
** Lombard: fà
** Piedmontese: fé
** Romagnol: fê
* Gallo-Romance:
** Occitan: far
*** Gascon: har
** Old Catalan: far
* Ibero-Romance:
** >? Aragonese: fer
** Mozarabic: פראיו (frʔyw)
** Old Spanish: far

#### References

* “facio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “facio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "facio", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* facio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to light, make a fire: ignem facere, accendere to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes) (1) to take a journey, (2) to make, lay down a road (rare): iter facere to travel together: una iter facere to take a step: gradum facere to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui to carry out the funeral obsequies: funus alicui facere, ducere (Cluent. 9. 28) to commence a thing: initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei what am I to do with this fellow: quid huic homini (also hoc homine) faciam? to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund. to run a risk; to tempt Providence: fortunam periclitari (periculum facere) to make trial of; to risk: periculum facere alicuius rei to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle: periculum hostis facere to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere to suffer loss, harm, damage.[2: damnum (opp. lucrum) facere to suffer loss, harm, damage: detrimentum capere, accipere, facere to throw away, sacrifice: iacturam alicuius rei facere to do any one a (great) favour: gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere to carry out order: iussa (usually only in plur.), imperata facere to form a friendship with any one: amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere you were right in...; you did right to..: recte, bene fecisti quod... to inform a person: certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re) to mention a thing: mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamem facere aliquem to do work (especially agricultural): opus facere (De Senect. 7. 24) to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere I put myself at your disposal as regards advice: consilii mei copiam facio tibi to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110) to make progress in a subject: in aliqua re progressus facere, proficere, progredi to demonstrate, make a thing clear: aliquid planum facere (Ad Herenn. 2. 5) to criticise: iudicium facere to write poetry: poema condere, facere, componere to write poetry: versus facere, scribere to compose, put to music: modos facere to make a marble statue: simulacrum e marmore facere to elicit loud applause: clamores (coronae) facere, excitare to give public games in honour of Jupiter: ludos facere, edere (Iovi) to address a meeting of the people: verba facere apud populum, in contione to begin to speak: initium dicendi facere to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere to obtain a hearing: audientiam sibi (orationi) facere to introduce a person (into a dialogue) discoursing on..: aliquem disputantem facere, inducere, fingere (est aliquid apud aliquem disputans) to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multa verba facere to not say a word: nullum (omnino) verbum facere to say not a syllable about a person: ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere to speak on a subject: verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem) to invent, form words: verba parere, fingere, facere to cause a person pain: dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere to succeed in encouraging a person: animum facere, addere alicui to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere to cause oneself to be expected: exspectationem sui facere, commovere to make some one believe a thing: fidem alicuius rei facere alicui to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem) to be security for some one: sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo to commit crime: scelus facere, committere to do a criminal deed: facinus facere, committere to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei to commit perjury, perjure oneself: periurium facere; peierare to pray: preces facere to make a vow: vota facere, nuncupare, suscipere, concipere to sacrifice: sacra, sacrificium facere (ἱερὰ ῥέζειν), sacrificare to sacrifice: rem divinam facere (dis) to hold a lectisternium: lectisternium facere, habere (Liv. 22. 1. 18) to spend money on an object: sumptum facere, insumere in aliquid to become a friend and guest of a person: hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere to associate with some one: societatem inire, facere cum aliquo to give audience to some one: sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui to give audience to some one: colloquendi copiam facere, dare to separate from, divorce (of the man): divortium facere cum uxore to make a will: testamentum facere, conscribere to annul, revoke a will: testamentum irritum facere, rumpere to appoint some one as heir in one's will: aliquem heredem testamento scribere, facere to be engaged in commerce, wholesale business: mercaturam facere to make money: quaestum facere (Fam. 15. 14) to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere to transfer a debt: versuram facere (Att. 5. 21. 12) to be a banker: argentariam facere (Verr. 5. 59. 155) to book a debt: nomina facere or in tabulas referre to do something after careful calculation: inita subductaque ratione aliquid facere to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei to make profit out of a thing: lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re to incur debts: aes alienum (always in sing.) facere, contrahere to build a tower: turrim excitare, erigere, facere to build a bridge over a river: pontem facere in flumine to look after the sowing: sementem facere (B. G. 1. 3. 1) as you sow, so will you reap: ut sementem feceris, ita metes (proverb.) (De Or. 2. 65) to reap: messem facere to rear stock: rem pecuariam facere, exercere (cf. Varr R. R. 2. 1) to make laws (of a legislator): leges scribere, facere, condere, constituere (not dare) to take some one's side: cum aliquo facere (Sull. 13. 36) to be guilty of high treason: contra rem publicam facere to cause a rebellion: seditionem facere, concitare to form a conspiracy: coniurationem facere (Catil. 2. 4. 6) to embezzle money: peculatum facere (Rab. Perd. 3. 8) to take the vote (by division): discessionem facere (Sest. 34. 74) to go unpunished: impune fecisse, tulisse aliquid to serve: stipendia facere, merere to cause a war: bellum facere, movere, excitare to commence hostilities: bellum incipere, belli initium facere (B. G. 7. 1. 5) to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire to march: iter facere to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere to make an inroad into hostile territory: excursionem in hostium agros facere to raise siege-works: opera facere to make a sally, sortie from the town: eruptionem facere ex oppido to make a sally, sortie from the town: crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30) to break into the town: in oppidum irruptionem facere to offer battle to the enemy: potestatem, copiam pugnandi hostibus facere to accept battle: potestatem sui facere (alicui) (cf. sect. XII. 9, note audientia...) to give battle: proelium facere to give battle with a cavalry-division: proelium equestre facere to fight successfully: proelium facere secundum to attack the enemy: invadere, impetum facere in hostem to form a square: orbem facere (Sall. Iug. 97. 5) to draw up troops in a wedge-formation: cuneum facere (Liv. 22. 47) to form a phalanx: phalangem facere (B. G. 1. 24) (1) to put to flight, (2) to take to flight: fugam facere (Sall. Iug. 53) to massacre: stragem edere, facere to make a truce: indutias facere (Phil. 8. 7) to make peace with some one: pacem facere cum aliquo to conclude a treaty with some one: pactionem facere cum aliquo (Sall. Iug. 40) to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: terram suae dicionis facere to build a ship, a fleet: navem, classem aedificare, facere, efficere, instituere to set the sails: vela facere, pandere to be shipwrecked: naufragium facere to land, disembark: escensionem facere (of troops) to fight a battle at sea: pugnam navalem facere to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam (ambiguous) to meet some one by chance: obvium or obviam esse, obviam fieri (ambiguous) to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse (ambiguous) he feels better: melius ei factum est (ambiguous) what will become of him: quid illo fiet? (ambiguous) to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare (ambiguous) to be the talk of the town, a scandal: fabulam fieri (ambiguous) to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere (ambiguous) to be born for a thing, endowed by nature for it: natum, factum esse ad aliquid (faciendum) (ambiguous) a work of art: artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum (ambiguous) a master-piece of classical work: opus summo artificio[TR1] factum (ambiguous) to be a born orator: natum, factum esse ad dicendum (ambiguous) what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37) (ambiguous) to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish: voti damnari, compotem fieri (ambiguous) what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit? (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut solet, ut fieri solet (ambiguous) silver plate: argentum (factum) (Verr. 5. 25. 63) (ambiguous) the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent: fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7) (ambiguous) the price of corn is going down: annona laxatur, levatur, vilior fit (ambiguous) what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet? (ambiguous) a resolution of the senate (not opposed by a tribunicial veto) was made: senatus consultum fit (Att. 2. 24. 3) (ambiguous) some one is accused: aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54)
* Wheelock's Latin, Wheelock, F.M. (6th ed., 2005). (Cited for abbreviation of singular imperative form; p. 51.) HarperCollins, N.Y.

## Polish
### Etymology

Clipping of facet + -o.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfa.t͡ɕɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡ɕɔ
* Syllabification: fa‧cio

### Noun

facio m pers
* (colloquial) guy, fellow, chap

#### Declension
### Further reading

* facio in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* facio in Polish dictionaries at PWN