# 垂

| 垂 | U+5782, &#22402; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5782 |
| ← 垁 [U+5781] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垃 → [U+5783] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 竹十廿一 (HJTM), four-corner 2010$_4$, composition ⿻⿱千工艹 or ⿻⿱千工卄)

#### Derived characters

* 睡, 錘(锤), 郵, 倕, 唾, 埵, 娷, 崜, 捶, 棰, 涶, 硾, 箠, 綞/缍, 腄, 菙, 諈, 陲, 甀, 㩾, 㻔, 䅜, 䍋, 䮔, 䳠, 厜, 𠝶, 𡐱, 𡑈, 𡙇, 𢏴, 𢔝, 𢛉, 𢛲, 𢻩, 𣂩, 𣇦, 𤷣, 𥡭, 𦈼, 𦖋, 𦥻, 𧌯, 𨉡, 𨔠, 𨲉, 𩃒, 𩗰, 𩜀, 𩣷, 𩩞, 𩭦, 𩸫, 𫵌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 227, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5012
* Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 432, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5782

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垂 :
| Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 埵 | *toːlʔ |
| 綞 | *toːlʔ |
| 涶 | *tʰoːl, *tʰoːls |
| 唾 | *tʰoːls |
| 厜 | *stol |
| 腄 | *tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ |
| 箠 | *tol, *tjolʔ |
| 娷 | *tols |
| 諈 | *tols |
| 錘 | *dol, *dols, *du |
| 甀 | *dol, *dols |
| 硾 | *dols |
| 捶 | *tjolʔ |
| 垂 | *djol |
| 陲 | *djol |
| 倕 | *djol |
| 菙 | *djolʔ |
| 睡 | *djols |
Originally 𡍮. Pictogram (象形): 𠂹 + 土, flowers hanging from a plant.

### Etymology

May be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”) (STEDT), whence Burmese တွဲ (twai:, “to link; drooping, hanging”). Compare also the following Sinitic words:
* 睡 (OC *djols, “to sleep”)
* 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “to hang from a tree; classifier for blossoms”)
* 鬌 (OC *ʔl'oːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *l'ol, “portion of hair left on a child after a haircut”)
* 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong, oval”)
* 惰 (OC *l'oːlʔ, *l'oːls, “lazy, negligent”)
* 緌 (OC *njul, “tassel”)
* 蕊 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “reproductive organ of flower”)
* 繠 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “to hang down”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuí (chui$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sùi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sûi / sêr / sê / sôe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sui$^5$ / suê$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
*** Wade–Giles: chʻui$^2$
*** Yale: chwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
*** Palladius: чуй (čuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seoi$^4$
*** Yale: sèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵy̯²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sùi
*** Sinological IPA : /sui⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sui$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: súi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬui¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûi
*** Tâi-lô: suî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /sui²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêr
*** Tâi-lô: sêr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sə²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sê
*** Tâi-lô: sê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: see
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /se²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sôe
*** Tâi-lô: suê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sue²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue¹³/
* sûi - literary;
* sêr/sê/sôe - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit垂 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/ /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰuei⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰue⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰei²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɨ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰuei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰuei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuəi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰue⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuei¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰuei¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰuei³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zø²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ze̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zz̩³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕye⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕyei¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /d͡ʑyəi¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰui²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sui¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sui¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søy²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sui²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /søy²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sui³⁵/ /se³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suoi⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy³³/ /ty⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sui⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sui³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzywe
Rime :
| Character | 垂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (12) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 是爲切 |
| Baxter | dzywe |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑʷiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiue/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑǐwe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑwie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]o[j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djol/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 垂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzywe › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]o[j]/ |
| English | hang down |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1676 |
| Phonetic component | 垂 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𡍮 |
| Old Chinese | /*djol/ |

### Definitions

垂
* to suspend; to hang (down); bend (down)
* to drip, to shed (tears)
* to hand down, to bequeath, to transmit (something abstract, such as a message or tradition) to one’s successors or aftercomers
* nearly; almost
* to approach
* (Teochew) listless
* (Teochew) wilted
* (obsolete) difficult; hard
* (obsolete) hardly; harshly

### Compounds

* 下垂 (xiàchuí)
* 並垂不朽 / 并垂不朽
* 事敗垂成 / 事败垂成
* 低垂 (dīchuí)
* 公垂線 / 公垂线
* 創業垂統 / 创业垂统
* 功垂竹帛
* 功墮垂成 / 功堕垂成
* 功敗垂成 / 功败垂成 (gōngbàichuíchéng)
* 北垂 (běichuí)
* 南垂
* 厄利垂亞 / 厄利垂亚 (Èlìchuíyà)
* 名垂不朽
* 名垂後世 / 名垂后世
* 名垂竹帛
* 名垂罔極 / 名垂罔极
* 名垂青史 (míngchuíqīngshǐ)
* 四垂
* 坐不垂堂
* 垂下
* 垂亡
* 垂危 (chuíwēi)
* 垂名
* 垂名竹帛
* 垂命
* 垂問 / 垂问
* 垂垂 (chuíchuí)
* 垂堂
* 垂察
* 垂心 (chuíxīn)
* 垂念
* 垂愛 / 垂爱
* 垂憐 / 垂怜 (chuílián)
* 垂憫 / 垂悯
* 垂懸 / 垂悬
* 垂成
* 垂手
* 垂手可得 (chuíshǒukědé)
* 垂手而得
* 垂手過膝 / 垂手过膝
* 垂披
* 垂拱
* 垂拱而治
* 垂掛 / 垂挂 (chuíguà)
* 垂教
* 垂於將來 / 垂于将来
* 垂暮 (chuímù)
* 垂柳 (chuíliǔ)
* 垂棘
* 垂楊 / 垂杨
* 垂楊柳 / 垂杨柳
* 垂橐
* 垂櫜
* 垂死 (chuísǐ)
* 垂死掙扎
* 垂泣 (chuíqì)
* 垂涎 (chuíxián)
* 垂涕
* 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
* 垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
* 垂淚 / 垂泪 (chuílèi)
* 垂照
* 垂璧
* 垂白
* 垂白上僂 / 垂白上偻
* 垂白之親 / 垂白之亲
* 垂直 (chuízhí)
* 垂直尾翼
* 垂直帶 / 垂直带
* 垂直線 / 垂直线
* 垂直貿易 / 垂直贸易
* 垂直起落飛機 / 垂直起落飞机
* 垂直起飛 / 垂直起飞
* 垂直距離 / 垂直距离
* 垂直關係 / 垂直关系
* 垂直面
* 垂盼
* 垂示
* 垂範 / 垂范 (chuífàn)
* 垂簾 / 垂帘 (chuílián)
* 垂簾聽政 / 垂帘听政 (chuíliántīngzhèng)
* 垂統 / 垂统
* 垂絲 / 垂丝
* 垂絕 / 垂绝
* 垂綸 / 垂纶
* 垂線 / 垂线 (chuíxiàn)
* 垂線足 / 垂线足
* 垂翅
* 垂老 (chuílǎo)
* 垂聽 / 垂听 (chuítīng)
* 垂花門 / 垂花门
* 垂落
* 垂衣拱手
* 垂裕後昆 / 垂裕后昆
* 垂詢 / 垂询 (chuíxún)
* 垂足 (chuízú)
* 垂釣 / 垂钓 (chuídiào)
* 垂鑒 / 垂鉴
* 垂陰 / 垂阴
* 垂露
* 垂青 (chuíqīng)
* 垂面
* 垂頭 / 垂头 (chuítóu)
* 垂頭喪氣 / 垂头丧气 (chuítóusàngqì)
* 垂頭拱手 / 垂头拱手
* 垂頭搨翼 / 垂头拓翼
* 垂首
* 垂首喪氣 / 垂首丧气
* 垂馨千祀
* 垂體 / 垂体 (chuítǐ)
* 垂髫 (chuítiáo)
* 垂髮 / 垂发
* 夜幕低垂
* 奄奄垂絕 / 奄奄垂绝
* 德垂後裔 / 德垂后裔
* 愴然垂首 / 怆然垂首
* 懸壅垂 / 悬壅垂 (xuányōngchuí)
* 懷金垂紫 / 怀金垂紫
* 懸針垂露 / 悬针垂露
* 披垂
* 拖紫垂青
* 拱手垂裳
* 敗於垂成 / 败于垂成
* 染指垂涎
* 永垂不朽 (yǒngchuíbùxiǔ)
* 涕淚交垂 / 涕泪交垂
* 海立雲垂 / 海立云垂
* 獨垂青盼 / 独垂青盼
* 眉垂目合
* 綈袍垂愛 / 绨袍垂爱
* 綠楊垂柳 / 绿杨垂柳
* 羊裘垂釣 / 羊裘垂钓
* 耳垂 (ěrchuí)
* 聯垂 / 联垂
* 胃下垂 (wèixiàchuí)
* 腦下垂體 / 脑下垂体 (nǎoxiàchuítǐ)
* 舯垂
* 艉垂標 / 艉垂标
* 艏垂標 / 艏垂标
* 西垂 (Xīchuí)
* 邥垂
* 鉛垂線 / 铅垂线 (qiānchuíxiàn)
* 飛蠅垂珠 / 飞蝇垂珠
* 饞涎欲垂 / 馋涎欲垂
* 鳴琴垂拱 / 鸣琴垂拱

### References

* “Query for 垂”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* “垂”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* suspend, dangle, hang

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずい (zui)
* Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)
* Kun: たれる (tareru, 垂れる, Jōyō)、たらす (tarasu, 垂らす, Jōyō)、たれ (tare, 垂れ)、なんなんとす (nannantosu, 垂す)
* Nanori: たる (taru)、だれ (dare)

### Noun

垂(しで) • (shide)
* zigzag-shaped paper streamer often used to adorn Shinto-related objects
* hornbeam plant

#### Alternative forms

* 四(し)手(で) (shide)

#### Compounds

* 垂(すい)直(ちょく) (suichoku): vertical, perpendicular
* 垂(すい)線(せん) (suisen): perpendicular line
* 懸(けん)垂(すい) (kensui): suspension, pendency
* 垂(た)れ下(さ)がる (taresagaru): hang, dangle
* 雨(あま)垂(だ)れ (amadare): raindrops
* 垂(た)らす (tarasu): hang down
* 髪(かみ)を垂(た)らす (kamiotarasu): let one's hair hang down
* 垂(た)れ (tare): sauce, gravy
* 胡(ご)麻(ま)垂(だ)れ (gomadare): sesame sauce
* 糞(くそ)っ垂(た)れ (kusottare): vulgar epithet
* しみっ垂(た)れ (shimittare): stinginess, miser

## Korean
### Hanja

垂 (eum 수 (su))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

垂: Hán Nôm readings: thùy/thuỳ
* to hang, to fall, to follow
* adjacent to