# باب
## Arabic
### Etymology

Usually considered a borrowing from Aramaic בָּבָא (bāḇā, “gate”), from Akkadian 𒆍 (bābum, “gate”), particularly since the Arabs, living in tents, did not need doors. However, Hans Bauer considers all of these words native, explaining the formation as an ancient univerbation of etyma equivalent to Arabic بَاءَ (bāʔa) بِ (bi) “he has entered into (the house)”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːb/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

بَاب • (bāb) m (plural أَبْوَاب (ʔabwāb) or بِيبَان (bībān))
* door, gate
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:58:وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌwādḵulū al-bāba sujjadan waqūlū ḥiṭṭatun[And] enter the gate with humility [...]
* opening, gateway
* entrance
* gullet, weasand
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 33, Art. 10, page 677 line 6:وقد تخرج للدابة من حنكها ويسمي التحنيك وصفة العمل في ذلك إذا أحنكت الدابة فأفتح لها من الدرجة الثالثة والرابعة ولا تفتح لها قرب الباب لأن الدم ربما عسر إمساكه فتلف الدابة.One may extract the blood from the jaw of a beast and it is called taḥnīk and the operation consists in that you have bound the beast with a chinstrap and now cut it open to the third or fourth degree but don’t open it close the throat as it may be difficult to contain the blood and the beast will succumb.
* opportunity, a chance, opening
* military tactic, maneuver, an opening to use a strategy
* chapter, section, column
* group, class, category
* (astronomy) appearance of an astronomical body, a juncture, an opening to observe
* (figurative) domain, field

#### Derived terms

* مِنْ بَابِ أَوْلَى (min bābi ʔawlā)
* مَقْبِض الْبَاب (maqbiḍ al-bāb, “doorknob”)
* بَابَة (bāba)
* بَوَّاب (bawwāb)
* بَوَّابَة (bawwāba)
* تَبْوِيب (tabwīb)
* مُبَوَّب (mubawwab)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: bieb
* → Middle Armenian: պապ (pap), բաբ (bab)
* → Malay: bab
** Indonesian: bab
* → Persian: باب
* → Ottoman Turkish: باب (bab)
** Turkish: bap
* → Turkmen: bap

### References

* Bauer, Hans (1935) “Etymologica II”, in Zeitschrift für Semitistik und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 10, page 165
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 14
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “باب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 74
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “باب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 101
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “باب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 30

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

### Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بيبان (bībān))
* door

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 24

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbæːb]

### Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بيبان (bibā́n))
* door

## Malay
### Adjective

باب (plural باب-باب or باب٢, informal 1st possessive بابکو, 2nd possessive بابمو, 3rd possessive بابڽ)
* Jawi spelling of bab‎

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːb/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

باب • (bāb) m or f (plural بيبان (bībān) or بواب (bwāb))
* door, gate

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bɑːβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑːb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑːb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɑːb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bɔːb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bɒːb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bɔb]

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

باب • (bâb)
* appropriate

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic بَاب (bāb).

#### Noun

باب • (bâb) (plural باب‌ها (bâb-hâ))
* door
* gate
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3763:چون تو بابی آن مدینه‌‌ی علم را چون شعاعی آفتاب حلم راčōn tū bāb-ī ān madīna-i 'ilm rā čōn šu'ā'ī āftāb-i hilm rāSince thou art the gate of the city of Knowledge, since thou art the beams of the sun of Clemency
* chapter
    Synonyms: فصل (fasl), فرگرد (fargard)

##### Synonyms

* (all senses): در (dar)

#### Proper noun

باب • (bâb)
* the Báb

##### Derived terms

* بابی (bâbi)
* بابیه (bâbiyye)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

باب • (bâb)
* (archaic) father

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from English Bob.

#### Proper noun

باب • (bâb)
* A transliteration of the English male given name diminutive Bob
    باب اسفنجی ― bâb esfanji ― SpongeBob
    باب دیلن ― bâb dilen ― Bob Dylan

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːb/, [bæːb]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بواب (bwāb))
* door
* gate
    Synonym: بوابة (bawwābe)
* entrance
    Synonym: مدخل (madḵal)

## Sudanese Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

### Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بيبان (bībān) or أبواب (ʔabwāb))
* door

#### Descendants

* Juba Arabic: bab
* Nubi: bab

### References

* Hillelson, Sigmar (1925) Sudan Arabic: English–Arabic Vocabulary‎, London, United Kingdom: Sudan Government, page 87
* The Catholic Language Institute Khartoum (C.L.I.K) (2008) Spoken Arabic of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, page 241