# jade
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒeɪd/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪd

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)

#### Noun

jade (usually uncountable, plural jades)
* A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.
    Synonyms: jadestone, jade stone, yu
** 2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 14 June 2012, page 128:Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.
* A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.
    jade:
    Synonym: jade green
* A succulent plant, Crassula ovata.
    Synonyms: jade plant, lucky plant, money plant, money tree

##### Translations
#### Derived terms

* Caledon jade green
* dwarf jade
* golden jade
* hard jade
* imperial jade
* jade egg
* jade gate
* jade green
* jadeite
* jade plant
* jade stalk
* jade vine
* new jade
* pseudojade
* red jade
* soft jade
* vat jade green
* vesuvianite jade
* Vesuvian jade

#### See also

* agate
* californite
* greenstone
* nephrite
* quartz
* serpentine
* yulan
* Appendix:Colors

#### Adjective

jade (not comparable)
* Of a grayish shade of green, typical of jade stones.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English jade, chade, either a variant of yaud or merely influenced by it. Yaud derives from Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha эльде (elde) or Erzya эльде (elde). See yaud for more.

#### Noun

jade (plural jades)
* A horse too old to be put to work.
    Synonyms: nag, yaud
** c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 30, column 2:Shee hath more qualities then a Water-Spaniell, […] Shee can fetch and carry: why a horſe can doe no more; nay, a horſe cannot fetch, but onely carry, therefore is ſhee better then a Iade.
** 1640 (date written), H[enry] M[ore], “ΨΥΧΟΖΩΙΑ [Psychozōia], or A Christiano-platonicall Display of Life, […]”, in ΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ [Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel, printer to the Universitie, published 1642, →OCLC, book 2, stanza 47, page 26:[F]requent jot / Of his hard ſetting jade did ſo confound / The vvords that he by papyr-ſtealth had got, / That their loſt ſenſe the youngſter could not ſound, / Though he vvith mimical attention did abound.
** 1759, [Laurence Sterne], chapter X, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, 2nd (1st London) edition, volume I, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 36:Let that be as it may, as my purpoſe is to do exact juſtice to every creature brought upon the ſtage of this dramatic work,—I could not ſtifle this diſtinction in favour of Don Quixote’s horſe;—in all other points the parſon’s horſe, I ſay, was juſt ſuch another,—for he was as lean, and as lank, and as ſorry a jade, as Humility herſelf could have beſtrided.
** 1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter X, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 201:My horse would have trotted to Clifton within the hour, if left to himself, and I have almost broke my arm with pulling him in to that cursed broken-winded jade’s pace.
** 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H. L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 55:The king had no other horse to give him but an old jade, for his six brothers and their men had taken all the other horses, but Ashiepattle did not mind that; he mounted the shabby old nag.
* (especially derogatory) A bad-tempered or disreputable woman.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shrew
** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC,:You alwayes end with a iades tricke, I knowe you of olde.
** 1749, Henry Fielding, “The Reader’s Neck Brought into Danger by a Description, His Escape, and the Great Condescension of Miss Bridget Allworthy”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume I, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book I, page 21:However, what ſhe withheld from the Infant, ſhe beſtowed with the utmoſt Profuſeneſs on the poor unknown Mother, whom ſhe called an impudent Slut, a wanton Huſſy, an audacious Harlot, a wicked Jade, a vile Strumpet, with every other Appellation with which the Tongue of Virtue never fails to laſh thoſe who bring a Diſgrace on the Sex.
** 1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter III, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume I, London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC, page 64:You shall pay me for the plague of having you eternally in my sight—do you hear, damnable jade?
** 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Family Portraits”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 73:Sir Pitt Crawley was a philosopher with a taste for what is called low life. His first marriage with the daughter of the noble Binkie had been made under the auspices of his parents; and as he often told Lady Crawley in her life-time she was such a confounded quarrelsome high-bred jade that when she died he was hanged if he would ever take another of her sort […]

##### Translations
#### Verb

jade (third-person singular simple present jades, present participle jading, simple past and past participle jaded) (transitive)
* To fatigue, tire, or weary (someone or something).
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:tire
** a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC, § 27, page 84:[T]he Mind once jaded by an attempt above its Power, it either is diſabl'd for the future, or elſe checks at any vigorous Undertaking ever after, at leaſt is very hardly brought to exert its Force again on any Subject that requires Thought and Meditation.
* (obsolete) To treat (someone or something) like a jade; to spurn.
** c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 352, column 1:The nere-yet beaten Horſe of Parthia, / We haue iaded out o'th' Field.
* (obsolete) To make (someone or something) contemptible and ridiculous.
** c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v], page 264, column 1:I do not now foole my ſelfe, to let imagination iade mee; for euery reaſon excites to this, that my Lady loues me.

##### Derived terms

* jaded

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “jade”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ Eric Partridge, Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English →ISBN, 2006)
* ↑ Per Thorson, Anglo-Norse studies: an inquiry into the Scandinavian elements in the modern English dialects, volume 1 (1936), page 52: "Yad sb. Sc Nhb Lakel Yks Lan, also in forms yaad, yaud, yawd, yoad, yod(e).... [jad, o] 'a work-horse, a mare' etc. ON jalda 'made', Sw. dial. jäldä, from Finnish elde (FT p. 319, Torp p. 156 fol.). Eng. jade is not related."
* ↑ Saga Book of the Viking Society for Northern Research, page 18: "There is thus no etymological connection between ME. jāde MnE. jade and ME. jald MnE. dial. yaud etc. But the two words have influenced each other mutually, both formally and semantically."

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jaːdə/, [ˈjæːð̩]
* Rhymes: -aːdə

### Noun

jade c (singular definite jaden, uncountable)
* (mineralogy) jade

## Finnish
### Etymology

From French jade.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɑde/, [ˈjɑ̝de̞]
* Rhymes: -ɑde
* Hyphenation: ja‧de

### Noun

jade
* (mineralogy) jade

#### Declension

Possessive forms of jade (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jadeni
jadeni
accusative
nom.
jadeni
jadeni
gen.
jadeni
genitive
jadeni
jadejeni jadeini $^{rare}$
partitive
jadeani
jadejani
inessive
jadessani
jadeissani
elative
jadestani
jadeistani
illative
jadeeni
jadeihini
adessive
jadellani
jadeillani
ablative
jadeltani
jadeiltani
allative
jadelleni
jadeilleni
essive
jadenani
jadeinani
translative
jadekseni
jadeikseni
abessive
jadettani
jadeittani
instructive
comitative
—jadeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jadesi
jadesi
accusative
nom.
jadesi
jadesi
gen.
jadesi
genitive
jadesi
jadejesi jadeisi $^{rare}$
partitive
jadeasi
jadejasi
inessive
jadessasi
jadeissasi
elative
jadestasi
jadeistasi
illative
jadeesi
jadeihisi
adessive
jadellasi
jadeillasi
ablative
jadeltasi
jadeiltasi
allative
jadellesi
jadeillesi
essive
jadenasi
jadeinasi
translative
jadeksesi
jadeiksesi
abessive
jadettasi
jadeittasi
instructive
comitative
—jadeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jademme
jademme
accusative
nom.
jademme
jademme
gen.
jademme
genitive
jademme
jadejemme jadeimme $^{rare}$
partitive
jadeamme
jadejamme
inessive
jadessamme
jadeissamme
elative
jadestamme
jadeistamme
illative
jadeemme
jadeihimme
adessive
jadellamme
jadeillamme
ablative
jadeltamme
jadeiltamme
allative
jadellemme
jadeillemme
essive
jadenamme
jadeinamme
translative
jadeksemme
jadeiksemme
abessive
jadettamme
jadeittamme
instructive
comitative
—jadeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jadenne
jadenne
accusative
nom.
jadenne
jadenne
gen.
jadenne
genitive
jadenne
jadejenne jadeinne $^{rare}$
partitive
jadeanne
jadejanne
inessive
jadessanne
jadeissanne
elative
jadestanne
jadeistanne
illative
jadeenne
jadeihinne
adessive
jadellanne
jadeillanne
ablative
jadeltanne
jadeiltanne
allative
jadellenne
jadeillenne
essive
jadenanne
jadeinanne
translative
jadeksenne
jadeiksenne
abessive
jadettanne
jadeittanne
instructive
comitative
—jadeinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jadensa
jadensa
accusative
nom.
jadensa
jadensa
gen.
jadensa
genitive
jadensa
jadejensa jadeinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
jadeaan jadeansa
jadejaan jadejansa
inessive
jadessaan jadessansa
jadeissaan jadeissansa
elative
jadestaan jadestansa
jadeistaan jadeistansa
illative
jadeensa
jadeihinsa
adessive
jadellaan jadellansa
jadeillaan jadeillansa
ablative
jadeltaan jadeltansa
jadeiltaan jadeiltansa
allative
jadelleen jadellensa
jadeilleen jadeillensa
essive
jadenaan jadenansa
jadeinaan jadeinansa
translative
jadekseen jadeksensa
jadeikseen jadeiksensa
abessive
jadettaan jadettansa
jadeittaan jadeittansa
instructive
comitative
—jadeineen jadeinensa :

#### Derived terms

* jademagnolia
* jadenvihreä

### Further reading

* “jade”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

Rebracketed from earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒad/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

jade m (plural jades)
* jade

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: jade
* → English: jade
* → German: Jade
* → Italian: giada
* → Portuguese: jade
* → Romanian: jad
* → Spanish: jade

### Further reading

* “jade”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* déjà

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From French jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒa.d͡ʒi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒa.d͡ʒi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒa.de/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʒa.dɨ/ [ˈʒa.ðɨ]
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ad͡ʒi, (Portugal) -adɨ
* Hyphenation: ja‧de

### Noun

jade m (plural jades)
* jade (gem)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

jade (Cyrillic spelling јаде)
* vocative singular of jad

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French jade, back formation from le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (literally “flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxade/ [ˈxa.ð̞e]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -ade
* Syllabification: ja‧de

### Noun

jade m (plural jades)
* (mineralogy) jade

#### Derived terms

* jadeíta

### Further reading

* “jade”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* deja

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* jáàde (Ekiti, Ondo)

### Etymology

From já +‎ òde

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒá.ꜜdē/

### Verb

jáde
* to go out