# दण्ड
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* দণ্ড (Assamese script)
* ᬤᬡ᭄ᬟ (Balinese script)
* দণ্ড (Bengali script)
* 𑰟𑰜𑰿𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀤𑀡𑁆𑀟 (Brahmi script)
* ဒဏ္ဍ (Burmese script)
* દણ્ડ (Gujarati script)
* ਦਣ੍ਡ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌦𑌣𑍍𑌡 (Grantha script)
* ꦢꦟ꧀ꦝ (Javanese script)
* 𑂠𑂝𑂹𑂙 (Kaithi script)
* ದಣ್ಡ (Kannada script)
* ទណ្ឌ (Khmer script)
* ທຓ຺ຑ (Lao script)
* ദണ്ഡ (Malayalam script)
* ᡩᠠᢏᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘟𑘜𑘿𑘚 (Modi script)
* ᢑᠠᢏᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦿𑦼𑧠𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐡𑐞𑑂𑐜 (Newa script)
* ଦଣ୍ଡ (Odia script)
* ꢣꢠ꣄ꢞ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆢𑆟𑇀𑆝 (Sharada script)
* 𑖟𑖜𑖿𑖚 (Siddham script)
* දණ‍්ඩ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩭𑩪 𑪙𑩨 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚛𑚘𑚶𑚖 (Takri script)
* த³ண்ட³ (Tamil script)
* దణ్డ (Telugu script)
* ทณฺฑ (Thai script)
* ད་ཎྜ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒠𑒝𑓂𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨛𑨘𑩇𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Borrowed from substrate language. Kuiper argues for a loanword from Munda; compare Mundari ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi, “small stick”), Santali ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱚ (dôṇṭô, “thick stick, club”), ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱤᱴᱤᱛ (dôṇṭiṭit, “stem of mushrooms”), ᱫᱚᱬᱰᱤ (dôṇḍi, “stick, staff, stalk”). Likewise, Southworth suggests a Dravidian substratum, compare Malayalam തണ്ട് (taṇṭŭ, “stick, club”).
Alternatively, but less likely, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), whence दारु (dā́ru), and thus cognate with Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”), but both this and that Greek word are phonologically difficult to explain.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /dɐɳ.ɖɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /d̪ɐɳ.ɖɐ/

### Noun

दण्ड • (daṇḍá) stem, m
* stick, staff, rod, pole, cudgel, club
** staff given at investiture with the sacred thread
** penis (with वैतस (vaitasá)
** trunk » शुण्डादण्ड (śuṇḍā-daṇḍa)
** "arm" or "leg" » दोर्दण्ड (dor-daṇḍa), बाहुदण्ड (bāhu-daṇḍa)
** "tusk" » दंष्ट्रादण्ड (daṃṣṭrā-daṇḍa)
* penis
* a stalk, stem (of a tree; compare इक्षुदण्ड (ikṣu-daṇḍa), उद्दण्ड (ud-daṇḍa), खरदण्ड (khara-daṇḍa))
* the staff of a banner
* the handle (of a ladle, sauce-pan, fly-flap, parasol etc.)
* the steam of a plough
* "a mast" » महादण्डधर (mahādaṇḍa-dhara)
* the crossbar of a lute which holds the strings
* the stick with which a lute is played
* a churning-stick (compare दण्डाहत (daṇḍā*hata))
* a pole as a measure of length (= 4 hastas)
* name of a measure of time (= 60 विकला (vi-kalā)s)
* name of a staff-like appearance in the sky ("Name of a planet" L.; compare दण्डभास (daṇḍa-bhāsa))
* name of a constellation
* a form of military array (compare दण्डव्युह (daṇḍa-vyuha))
* line
* staff or sceptre as a symbol of power and sovereignty, application of power, violence
* power over (genitive or in compound), control, restraint (compare वाग्दण्ड (vāg-daṇḍa), मनोदण्ड (mano-daṇḍa), कायदण्ड (kāya-daṇḍa) [कर्मदण्ड (karma-daṇḍa)]; त्रिदण्डिन् (tri-daṇḍin))
* the rod as a symbol of judicial authority and punishment, punishment (corporal, verbal, and fiscal; chastisement and imprisonment, reprimand, fine)
* pride
* horse
* Punishment (son of Dharma and Kriyā)
* Yama
* Shiva
* name of an attendant of the Sun
* (g. शिवादि (śivā*di) and शौनकादि (śaunakā*di)) name of a man with the patronymic औपर (aupara)
* name of a prince slain by Arjuna (brother of दण्डधर (daṇḍa-dhara), identified with the asura क्रोधहन्तृ (krodha-hantṛ))
* name of a rakṣas

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* दण्डक (daṇḍaka)
* दण्डन (daṇḍana)
* दण्डिका (daṇḍikā)
* दण्डनीति (daṇḍanīti)
* दण्डयात्रा (daṇḍayātrā)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Gawar-Bati: ڈݨڈ (ḍaṇḍ), ڈوݨڈیک (dōṇḍī́k), ڈیݨڈی (ḍḗṇḍī)
** Kashmiri: دَن (dan), دۆنُ (donu), ڈَنڈُ (ḍanḍu)
** Shina: دوݨ (do̯ṇŭ), ڈونی (ḍṓnī)
** Shumashti: dä̃ṛä
** Torwali: دن (dan)
** Wotapuri-Katarqalai: ḍōn
** → Proto-Nuristani:
*** Ashkun: dōṇ
*** Kamkata-viri: duṇ, ḍun, ḍen
*** Prasuni: ḍuṇḍu, ḍuṇḍū́
*** Waigali: dūṇ, ḍūṇíṅ, deṇḍī́
* Pali: daṇḍa, daṇḍaka
* Prakrit: 𑀤𑀀𑀟 (dam̐ḍa), 𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀬 (ḍam̐ḍaḍam̐ḍaya)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Awadhi: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ु (ḍā̃ṛu), डाँड़ा (ḍā̃ṛā)
**** Gujarati: દાઁડો (dām̐ḍo), ડાઁડો (ḍām̐ḍo), દાઁડી (dām̐ḍī), ડાઁડી (ḍām̐ḍī)
**** Hindustani: dā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ṛ, daṇḍā, ḍaṇḍā, ḍā̃ḍā, ḍā̃ṛā, ḍaṇḍī, ḍā̃ḍī
    Hindi: दाँड, डाँड, डाँड़, दंडा, डंडा, डाँडा, डाँड़ा, डंडी, डाँडी
    Urdu: دَاںڈ (dā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڈ (ḍā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڑ (ḍā̃ṛ), دَنڈَا, ڈَنڈَا, ڈَاںڈَا (ḍā̃ḍā), ڈَاںڑَا (ḍā̃ṛā), ڈَنڈِی (ḍanḍī), ڈَاںڈِی (ḍā̃ḍī)
**** Romani: ran
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: ডাঁৰ (dãr), ডাঁৰা (dãra), ডাঁৰি (dãri), ডঁৰ (dõr)
**** Bengali: ডান্ডা (ḍanḍa), দাঁড় (dãṛ), দাঁড়ি (dãṛi), ডাঁড় (ḍãṛ), ডাঁড়ি (ḍãṛi)
**** Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)
***** Bhojpuri: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)
***** Maithili: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ि (ḍā̃ṛɨ), डाँड़ब (ḍā̃ṛab)
**** Odia: ଡାଣ୍ଡ (ḍāṇḍa), ଡାଁଡ଼ (ḍā̃ṛa), ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi), ଦଣ୍ଡା (daṇḍā), ଦଣ୍ଡି (daṇḍi)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Garhwali: डाँड (ḍā̃ḍ)
***** Kumaoni: दान (dān), डान (ḍān), डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डानो (ḍāno), डानी (ḍānī), डाण (ḍāṇ)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: डाँण (ḍā̃ṇ), डाँणो (ḍā̃ṇo), डाँणि (ḍā̃ṇi)
**** Western Pahari:
***** Bhadrawahi: डन्न (ḍann), डन्नो (ḍanno), डन्नी (ḍannī)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ދަނޑި (daⁿḍi)
**** Sinhalese: දණ්ඩ (daṇḍa)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: dāṇḍāro
    Devanagari script: दांडारो (dāṇḍāro)
    Latin script: dannddarô
    Kannada script: ದಾಂಡಾರೊ
**** Old Marathi: 𑘟𑘰𑘽𑘚𑘰 (dāṃḍā), 𑘟𑘽𑘚 (daṃḍa)
***** Marathi: दांडा (dāṇḍā), दंड (daṇḍa)
** Western:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Punjabi: dann, ḍann, ḍannā, ḍannī
    Gurmukhi script: ਦੰਨ, ਡੰਨ, ਡੰਨਾ, ਡੰਨੀ
    Shahmukhi script: دَنّ, ڈَنّ, ڈَنَّا, ڈَنِّی
****** → Hindustani: dannā ("penis")
******* Hindi: दन्ना
******* Urdu: دَنَّا (dannā)
****** Lahnda:
******* Saraiki: ڈَنّ (ḍann), ݙَن (ḏan), ݙَنَّاں (ḏannāṉ), ڈَنِّی (ḍanniī), ڈَݨڈَا (ḍaṇḍā)
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: ḍ̠anu, ḍ̠ano, ḍ̠anī, ḍ̠aṇḍu, ḍ̠aṇḍo
    Arabic script: ڏَنُ, ڏَنو, ڏَنِي, ڏَڻڊُ, ڏَڻڊو
    Devanagari script: ॾनु, ॾनो, ॾनी, ॾंडु, ॾंडो
* → Assamese: দণ্ড (dondo)
* → Bengali: দণ্ড (donḍo)
* → Burmese: ဒဏ် (dan)
* → Hindustani: daṇḍ
** Hindi: दंड
** Urdu: دَنڈ
* → Indonesian: denda
* → Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (tŏən)
* → Lao: ທັນ (than)
* → Malayalam: ദണ്ഡം (daṇḍaṁ)
* → Malay: denda
* → Pali: daṇḍa
* → Romani: rran
* → Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु
* → Tamil: தண்டம் (taṇṭam)
* → Telugu: దండము (daṇḍamu)
* → Thai: ทัณฑ์ (than)
* → Urdu:

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “दण्ड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0466.
* Witzel, Michael (1999) “Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, archived from the original on 6 February 2012, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 5 (1).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “danda”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 350