OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# رونق
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raw.naq/

### Noun

رَوْنَق • (rawnaq) m
* beauty, glamour
* splendour
* radiance, glow

#### Descendants

* Northern Kurdish: rewnaq
* → Persian: رونق
* → Hindi: रौनक़ (raunaq)
* → Urdu: رونق

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَوْنَق (rawnaq).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾaw.ˈnaq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räw.nǽq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räw.nǽq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [räw.nǽq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [räw.nǽq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹow.nǽɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾäw.nǽq]

### Noun

رُونَق • (rownaq)
* beauty, glamour, splendor
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 1734:رونق دنیا برآرد زو کساد، زانک هست از عالم کون و فسادrownaq-e donyâ bar-ârad z-u kasâd, z-ân ke hast az 'âlam-e kown o fasâdThe splendour of the present life soon produces unsaleableness [i.e. becomes of no account], inasmuch as it belongs to the world of generation and corruption.
** c. 1585, عرفی شیرازی ('Orfi Shirazi), “Poem 56”, in قصیده‌ها:تو از ملک عراقی واژگون کن عادت پیشین، اگر خواهی که حسن رونق هندوستان بینی.to az molk-e 'erâqi vâžgun kon 'âdat-e pišin, agar xâhi ke hosn-e rownaq-e hendustân bini.You are from the Iraqi realm (Persian Iraq, not modern Iraq); turn your old ways upside-down, if you wish to see the beauty of the splendor of India.
* boom, heyday, flourishing
    رونق بازار ― rownaq-e bâzâr ― market boom
    رونق و رکود ― rownaq va rokud ― boom and bust
* radiance, glow, luster

#### Derived terms

* پررونق (por-rownaq)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “رونق”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “رونق”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رونق (raunaq), itself from Arabic رَوْنَق (rawnaq).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /ɾɔː.ɳəkə̆/

### Noun

رَوݨَق • (rauṇaq) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਰੌਣਕ)
* liveliness, bustlingness
    رَوݨَق لَگی رَہِنْدی اے۔ ― It's always lively here

#### Declension
### References

* “رونق”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “رَونَق”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَوْنَق (rawnaq).

### Noun

رونق • (raunaq) m (Hindi spelling रौनक़)
* splendour, brilliance, glow, lustre
    Synonym: شان (śān)
    اس شہر میں رونق ہی نہیں ہے ― This city ain't vibing
* life, charm (in social gatherings)
    Synonym: جان (jān)
    وہ ہر محفل کی رونق ہے ― They're the life of every party
# مفعول به
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maf.ʕuːl bi.hiː/

### Noun

مَفْعُول بِهِ • (mafʕūl bihi) m
* (grammar) object
# خمسمائة
## Arabic
### Numeral

خَمْسُمِائَة • (ḵamsumiʾah) ?
* five hundred
    بَيْتِي خَمْسُمِئَة مِتْر مِن هُنَاbaytī ḵamsumiʔa(t) mitr min hunāMy house is 500 meters from here.
# ܩܪܐܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Compare also in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קַרְעָא (qarʿā), קַרָא m (qarā, “pumpkin, gourd”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic קרייה f (“gourd”), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܩܪܝ f (“gourd”), Mishnaic Hebrew קרויה (qērūyā, “dried bottle gourd”) and borrowed into Arabic قَرْع (qarʕ); compare also apparently metathetical to Hebrew קְעָרָה (k'ará, “bowl, basin”) and Arabic قَعْر (qaʕr, “bottom, depth”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [qar.ʔɑː]
* (Urmia) IPA: [qar.rɑː]

### Noun

ܩܲܪܐܵܐ • (qarˀā) m (plural ܩܲܪ̈ܐܹܐ (qarˀē))
* gourd, pumpkin

#### Derived terms

* ܩܲܪܥܵܐ (qarˁā)
* ܩܲܪܐܬ݂ܵܐ (qarˀṯā)

## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܩܪܥܐ (qarrʿā)

### Etymology

In Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קַרְעָא (qarʿā), קַרָא m (qarā, “pumpkin, gourd”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic קרייה f (“gourd”), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܩܪܝ f (“gourd”), Mishnaic Hebrew קרויה (qērūyā, “dried bottle gourd”), apparently metathetical to Hebrew קְעָרָה (qəʿārā, “bowl, basin”), Arabic قَعْر (qaʕr, “bottom, depth”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [qarʔɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [qarʔe] (plural)

### Noun

ܩܪܐܐ • (qarrʾā) m (plural ܩܪܐܐ (qarrʾē))
* gourd, pumpkin

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: قَرْع (qarʕ)

### References

* “qrˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 328b
* Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 545–548
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 517a
* Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 3754
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1400a
# إناء
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic. Compare Hebrew אֳנִיָּה (ʾŏnīyá, “ship”), Aramaic מָאנָא / ܡܳܐܢܳܐ (mānā, “vessel, container; ship”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎐𐎊𐎚 (ảnyt, “ship”), Akkadian 𒃻𒄘𒈾 (/⁠unūtu, anūtu⁠/, “household, palace; ship; utensils, instruments, tools, wares, gear”) – whence Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אנותא, אנתא (“a type of jar for oil, cruse”) and Old Armenian անօթ (anōtʻ, “container”) –, Ge'ez ንዋይ (nəway, “vessel, utensil, instrument, item; goods, possessions, property, wealth, estate”). It is generally assumed that there has been an accumulation of dissimilations in all these forms.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔi.naːʔ/

### Noun

إِنَاء • (ʔināʔ) m (plural آنِيَة (ʔāniya) or أَوَانٍ (ʔawānin))
* vessel, receptacle, utensil, dish
    اِمْلَإِ الْإِنَاءَ مَاءً. ― imlaʔi al-ʔināʔa māʔan. ― Fill the vessel with water.

#### Declension
### References

* Dillmann, August (1865) “ንዋይ”, in Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 674
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “إناء”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 67
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “إناء”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 119
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 410
# قلادة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qi.laː.da/

### Noun

قِلَادَة • (qilāda) f (plural قَلَائِد (qalāʔid))
* pendant
    Synonym: دَلَّايَة (dallāya)
    Hypernym: حِلْيَة (ḥilya)
    Hyponyms: تَمِيمَة (tamīma, “amulet, charm”), طِلَسْم (ṭilasm, “talisman”)
* necklace
    Synonyms: عِقْد (ʕiqd, “bead or jewelry string”), سِلْسِلَة (silsila)
    تَرْتَدِينَ قِلَادَةً جَمِيلَةً ٱلْيَوْمَ.tartadīna qilādatan jamīlatani l-yawma.You are wearing a beautiful necklace today.

#### Descendants

* Moroccan Arabic: قلادة (qlāda)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قلاده (kılade)
** Turkish: kılade
* → Persian: قلاده (qelâde)

### References

* “قلادة” in Almaany
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 15–16
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 55
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قلادة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 487
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “قلادة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2557–2258
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قلادة”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1052

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قِلَادَة (qilāda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qlaːda/

### Noun

قلادة • (qlāda) f (plural قلايد (qlāyid))
* necklace
    Synonym: سنسلة (sansla)
# عتاد
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.taːd/
* Rhymes: -aːd

### Noun

عَتَاد • (ʕatād) m (plural أَعْتُد (ʔaʕtud) or أَعْتِدَة (ʔaʕtida) or عُتُد (ʕutud))
* equipment
    لِكُلِّ حَالٍ عِنْدَهُ عَتَادٌlikulli ḥālin ʕindahu ʕatādun(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (military, weaponry) equipment, gear; ammunition, ordnance
    عَتَاد حَرْبِيّ ― ʕatād ḥarbiyy ― military equipment
** 2018 July 26, “الْجَيْشُ ٱلسُّورِيُّ يُحَرِّرُ بَلْدَاتٍ جَدِيدَةً فِي حَوْضِ ٱلْيَرْمُوكِ وَيَدْخُلُ بَلْدَةَ ٱلْحَمِيدِيَّةِ فِي رِيفِ ٱلْقُنَيْطِرَةِ [al-jayšu s-sūriyyu yuḥarriru baldātin jadīdatan fī ḥawḍi l-yarmūki wayadḵulu baldata l-ḥamīdiyyati fī rīfi l-qunayṭirati]”, in Muraselon‎, archived from the original on 2023-05-29:وَلَفَتَ ٱلْمَصْدَرُ إِلَى أَنَّ عَمَلِيَّاتِ وَحَدَاتِ ٱلْجَيْشِ أَسْفَرَتْ عَنِ ٱلْقَضَاءِ عَلَى أَعْدَادٍ كَبِيرَةٍ مِنَ ٱلْإِرْهَابِيِّينَ وَمُصَادَرَةِ أَسْلِحَتِهِمْ وَعَتَادِهِمْ، بَيْنَمَا تَقُومُ وَحَدَاتُ ٱلْهَنْدَسَةِ بِفَتْحِ ٱلطَُرُقَاتِ بَعْدَ تَفْكِيكِ ٱلْأَلْغَامِ وَإِزَالَةِ ٱلْمُفَخَّخَاتِ.walafata l-maṣdaru ʔilā ʔanna ʕamaliyyāti waḥadāti l-jayši ʔasfarat ʕani l-qaḍāʔi ʕalā ʔaʕdādin kabīratin mina l-ʔirhābiyyīna wamuṣādarati ʔasliḥatihim waʕatādihim, baynamā taqūmu waḥadātu l-handasati bifatḥi ṭ-ṭauruqāti baʕda tafkīki l-ʔalḡāmi waʔizālati l-mufaḵḵaḵāti.And the source has pointed that activities of the army units have led to the liquidation of large numbers of terrorists and confiscation of their arms and equipment, while engineering units open the roads after their demining and the removal of traps.
# أخدود
## Arabic
### Etymology

Reduplication of خَدّ (ḵadd, “cheek”), obviously because for a ditch or graben two sides need to have a cheek each, as a man does.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔux.duːd/

### Noun

أُخْدُود • (ʔuḵdūd) m (plural أَخَادِيد (ʔaḵādīd))
* trench, ditch
    Synonym: خَنْدَق (ḵandaq)
    أُخْدُودُ مَارِيَانَا ― ʔuḵdūdu māriyānā ― The Mariana Trench
* canyon, gorge
    Synonym: خَانِق (ḵāniq)
* graben
    Synonym: خَسْفَة (ḵasfa)

#### Derived terms

* أَصْحَابُ الْأُخْدُودِ pl (ʔaṣḥābu l-ʔuḵdūdi, “People of the Ditch”)
# أغمي
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔuɣ.mi.ja/

### Verb

أُغْمِيَ • (ʔuḡmiya) IV (passive-only, non-past يُغْمَى (yuḡmā), verbal noun إِغْمَاء (ʔiḡmāʔ))
* (impersonal) to faint, to swoon
    Synonym: غُشِيَ (ḡušiya)
    أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ ― ʔuḡmiya ʕalayhi ― He fainted.

#### Usage notes

This is an impersonal verb: it always appears in the third person masculine singular, and the person who faints is placed in a prepositional phrase, not as the subject of the verb.
# بلاش
## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Probably from Arabic بِلَا شَيْء (bi-lā šayʔ, “for nothing”). Eventually the b- was considered part of the word, and the preposition ب (b(i)-) is now added before it again.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ˈlaːʃ/
* (Lebanon) IPA: /ba.ˈleːʃ/

### Noun

بلاش • (balāš) m
* No charge; no money; a price of zero; (in context) for free; gratis.
    ما في شي ببلاش غير العمى والطراش.Ma fi ši bi-balāš ḡayr il-ʿama wi-ṭ-ṭarāš.Nothing is for free except blindness and deafness. (A saying.)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Probably from Arabic بِلَا شَيْء (bi-lā šayʔ, “for nothing”). Eventually the b- was considered part of the word, and the preposition ب (b(i)-) is now added before it again.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.laːʃ/, [baˈlæːʃ]
* Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

### Pronoun

بلاش • (balāš)
* nothing
    Synonym: ولا إشي (wala ʔiši)
    Antonyms: كل إشي (kull ʔiši), كل شي (kull ši)
* for free (without payment)
    أخدته ببلاش. ― ʔaḵadto bi-balāš ― I got it for free.

#### See also

* بلا (bala, “without”)

### Interjection

بلاش • (balāš)
* never mind!
    Synonym: ما عليش (ma ʕalēš, literally “there is nothing on it”)
# هات
## Arabic
### Etymology

Apparently from an earlier form *هَأْتِ (haʔti), imperative of *هَأْتَى (haʔtā, “to bring, to give”), formed as هـ (h-, obsolete Form IV causative prefix) + أَتَى (ʔatā, “to come”). The imperative subsequently lost its glottal stop — compare مَاسُورَة (māsūra), رَايَة (rāya) — and was fossilized before the causative prefix further developed to أَ (ʔa-). Doublet of آتِ (ʔāti) and other imperative conjugations of آتَى (ʔātā, “to bring, to give”).

### Verb

هَاتِ • (hāti)
* (defective, transitive) give me/us ...! bring me/us ...!
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:111:هَاتُوا بُرْهَانَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَhātū burhānakum ʔin kuntum ṣādiqīnaBring your proof, if you are truthful.

#### Conjugation
## Khalaj
### Noun

هات (hat) (definite accusative هاتؽ, plural هاتلار)
* Arabic spelling of hat (“horse”)

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English hot.

### Pronunciation

** (Tehrani) IPA: [hɒːt̪]

### Noun

هات • (hât)
* (slang) hot, sexy
    اون خیلی هاته. ― un xeyli hât-e. ― He/she's very hot.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic هَاتِ (hāti).

### Verb

هات • (hāt)
* (imperative) give, bring

#### See also

* أعطى (ʔaʕṭa, “to give”)
* جاب (jāb, “to bring”)
# غروى
## Arabic
### Noun

غَرْوَى • (ḡarwā) f
* desire, attachment, cupido
    لَا غَرْوَى ― lā ḡarwā ― No wonder
# فيتامين و
## Gulf Arabic
### Alternative forms

* ڤيتامين و, فيتامين واو

### Etymology

فيتامين (“vitamin”) + واسطة (wāṣṭa, “personal connection, wasta”). Compare Persian بند «پ» (band-e "pe") and German Vitamin B.

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /vɪ.tɘ.ˈmin ˈwaw/

### Noun

فيتامين و • (vītāmīn wāw) m
* (sarcastic, humorous) Vitamin W (a fictional superpower used as a reference to cronyism).
    أَقْدَر أَتْوَظَّف بِالنِّفْط بِدون ڤيتامين و؟ !مَالِك أَمَل.–agdar atwaḏ̣ḏ̣af bin-nifṭ bidūn vitamīn wāw? –Mālik amal.–Can I get employed in the Oil (sector) without Vitamin W? –You have no hope!
** 2015 Feb 2, alayam.com (Bahrain), "فيتامين واو ــ وفوائده الكثيرة""
    2.5 أخي ــ المواطن أقول لك ان لم تكن لديك «واسطة»، ان لم يكن لديك «فيتامين واو» لن تحصل على شيء ــ أبداً ــ في حياتك، حتى ولو على قشرة بصلة!Dear my citizen brother I tell you, if you did not have "wasta", if you had no "Vitamin W", you will – never – get anything in your life, not even the husk of an onion
** 2015 Oct 22, al-jazirah.com (Saudi Arabia), فيتامين (واو) الوصفة السحرية!! :
    ولكن الفيتامين الذي لا يمكن معالجة أضراره والتغلب على سلبياته هو فيتامين (واو)....But the vitamin whose side effects cannot be treated and whose negatives cannot be overcome is Vitamin W.
# بقى
## Arabic
### Verb

بَقَى • (baqā) I (non-past يَبْقِي (yabqī), verbal noun بَقْي (baqy))
* (intransitive) to stay, remain, persist, survive
    Synonym: بَقِيَ (baqiya)
** a. 965 CE, Al-Mutanabbi, رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا (raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan):رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا / حَدِيثَهُمُ ٱلْمُوَلَّدَ وَٱلْقَدِيمَا فَتُعْطِي مَنْ بَقَى مَالًا جَسِيمًا / وَتُعْطِي مَنْ مَضَى شَرَفًا عَظِيمَا سَمِعْتُكَ مُنْشِدًا بَيْتَيْ زِيَادٍ / نَشِيدًا مِثْلَ مُنْشِدِهِ كَرِيمَا فَمَا أَنْكَرْتُ مَوْضِعَهُ وَلَٰكِنْ / غَبَطْتُ بِذَاكَ أَعْظُمَهُ ٱلرَّمِيمَاraʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā fatuʕṭī man baqā mālan jasīman / watuʕṭī man maḍā šarafan ʕaẓīmā samiʕtuka munšidan baytay ziyādin / našīdan miṯla munšidihi karīmā famā ʔankartu mawḍiʕahu walākin / ḡabaṭtu biḏāka ʔaʕẓumahu r-ramīmā(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation
### Verb

بَقَّى • (baqqā) II (non-past يُبَقِّي (yubaqqī), verbal noun تَبْقِيَة (tabqiya))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Conjugation
## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَقَى (baqā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baʔa/

### Verb

بقى • (baʔa) I (active participle باقي (bāʔi))
* (intransitive, chiefly negative) to remain, to stay
    Synonyms: فضل (faḍal, fiḍil), استنى (istanna)
    ما بقاش غيري ― ma baʔāš ḡēri ― It's just me now (literally, “none remained but me”)
* (transitive) to become
    بقيت محاسب ― baʔēt muḥāsib ― I became an accountant
* (auxiliary with indicative) Expresses progressive or habitual actions
    حتبقى بتشتغل ليل نهار ― ḥatibʔa bitištaḡal lēl nahār ― You'll be working day and night
* (auxiliary with subjunctive) Expresses a suggestion, advice, or an opinion: should
    Synonym: كان (kān) (past-tense)
    يبقى يرن عليا ― yibʔa yirin ʕalayya ― [Then,] he should call me

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَقِيَ (baqiya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bqaː/

### Verb

بقى • (bqā) I (non-past يبقى (yibqa))
* to remain, to stay

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَقَى (baqā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ka/, [ˈba.ka]

### Verb

بقى • (baka) I (present ببقى (bibka))
* (rustic) to be
    Synonym: كان (kān)
* (rustic) to remain, to stay
    Synonyms: بقي (biʕi), ضل (ḍall)
# بلش
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɪ.ləʃ/

#### Verb

بِلَش • (bilaš) I
* to give someone a hard time with something, to cause someone to get in trouble, to burden someone with something
    اختي سافرت المالديف مع ريلها وبلشتني مع عيالها.ixti sāfarat il-Māldīf maʕa rayilha u-bilšatni maʕa ʕyālha.My sister has travelled to the Maldives with her husband and burdened me with (looking after) her children

### Etymology 2

Adapted borrowing of Ottoman Turkish باشلامق (başlamak).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbəl.ləʃ/

#### Verb

بَلَّش • (ballaš) II
* to start, to begin, to commence
    Synonym: بدا (bida)
    المسلسل بلش ― il-musalsal ballaš ― The series has started
    التلفون ما صارله سنة وأوردي بلش يعلق.it-tilifōn mā ṣārla sina u-ōrridi ballaš yʕallig.It has not even been a year for the telephone and it has already started hanging.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of Ottoman Turkish باشلامق (başlamak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bal.laʃ/, [ˈbal.laʃ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

بلّش • (ballaš) II (present ببلّش (biballeš))
* (intransitive) to begin, to start
    Synonym: بدا (bada)
    Antonym: خلص (ḵalaṣ)
    خلّينا نبلّش قبل ما يرجع.ḵallīnā nballeš ʔabl mā yirjaʕ.Let's start before he comes back.
    الحلقة بلّشت ابكر من ما كان مكتوب بالبرنامج.il-ḥalqa ballašat abkar min mā kān maktūb bil-barnāmejThe episode started earlier than was written in the schedule.
* (intransitive) to begin, to start [with ب (b-) or في (fi)]
    Synonym: بدا (bada)
    Antonym: خلّص (ḵallaṣ)
    كمان مرّة بدّك تبلّش بهالموضوع وتخرّب مزاجي؟kamān marra biddak tballaš bi-hāl-mawdūʕ w tḵarreb mazāji?Are you going to start that topic again and ruin my mood?
    انتا اللي بلّش بالمشكلة اصلا.enta lli ballaš bil-muškile aṣlan.You're the one who started the problem in the first place.
# أسهر
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔas.ha.ra/

### Verb

أَسْهَرَ • (ʔashara) IV (non-past يُسْهِرُ (yushiru), verbal noun إِسْهَار (ʔishār))
* to cause to be sleepless, wakeful during night
    أَسْهَرَهُ الأَلَمُ ― ʔasharahu l-ʔalamu ― The pain kept him from sleeping.
# دائرة معارف
## Arabic
### Etymology

دَائِرَة (dāʔira, “periodical, circle”) +‎ مَعَارِف (maʕārif, “knowledge, understanding”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daː.ʔi.rat ma.ʕaː.rif/

### Noun

دَائِرَةُ مَعَارِف • (dāʔiratu maʕārif) f (plural دَوَائِرُ مَعَارِف (dawāʔiru maʕārif))
* encyclopedia
    Synonym: مَوْسُوعَة (mawsūʕa)
    دَائِرَةُ الْمَعَارِفِ الْبِرِيطَانِيَّةdāʔiratu l-maʕārifi l-birīṭāniyyaEncyclopedia Britannica

#### Descendants

* → Persian: دایِرَةُالْمَعارِف (dâyerat-ol-ma'âref), دائِرَةُالْمَعارِف (dâ'erat-ol-ma'âref)
* → Tajik: доиратулмаориф (doyiratulmaorif)
* → Urdu: دائِرَۃُ الْمَعارِف (dāiratu l-ma'ārif)
# شوربة
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish چوربا (çorba) and/or Persian شوربا (šurbâ) or شورباه (šurbâ).

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /ˈʃoːr.bə/

### Noun

شوربة • (šōrba) f (plural شوربات (šōrbāt))
* soup
    شوربة عَدَس ― šōrbat ʕadas ― lentil soup

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish چوربا (çorba) and/or Persian شوربا (šurbâ) or شورباه (šurbâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃuːr.ba/

### Noun

شوربة • (šūrba) f (plural شوربات (šūrbāt))
* soup
    Synonym: صوبة (ṣūbba)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish چوربا (çorba) and/or Persian شوربا (šurbâ) or شورباه (šurbâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃoː.ra.ba/, [ˈʃoː.rˤɑ.bɑ]
* Audio (Bethlehem):(file)

### Noun

شوربة • (šōraba) f
* soup
    شوربة عدس ― šōrabet ʕadas ― lentil soup
# لسا
## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic إلَى السّاعة (ʔilā al-ssāʕa, “until the hour”). Compare Iraqi Arabic هسا (hassa), Maltese issa, both “now”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lis.sa/, [ˈlessæ]

### Adverb

لسا • (lissa)
* still
* (in a negative sentence) not yet

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic إلَى السّاعة (ʔilā al-ssāʕa, “until the hour”). See above.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lis.sa/, [ˈlɪssa]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Adverb

لسا • (lissa)
* still
    Synonym: (Galilee) بعد (baʕd)
    بدي انتقل، بس لساتني هون.Biddi antʔel, bass lissātni hōn.I want to move out, but I'm still here.
* (in a negative sentence) not yet
    Synonym: (Galilee) بعد (baʕd)
    أكلت ولا لسا؟ ― ʔAkalt wala lissa? ― Have you eaten yet?
# جالس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaː.la.sa/

#### Verb

جَالَسَ • (jālasa) III (non-past يُجَالِسُ (yujālisu), verbal noun مُجَالَسَة (mujālasa))
* to sit with

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaː.lis/

#### Participle

جَالِس • (jālis) (feminine جَالِسَة (jālisa), masculine plural جَالِسُونَ (jālisūna) or جُلُوس (julūs) or جُلَّاس (jullās), feminine plural جَالِسَات (jālisāt))
* active participle of جَلَسَ (jalasa)

##### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَالِس (jālis).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaː.lis/, [d͡ʒaː.lɪs]

### Adjective

جالس • (jālis) (feminine جالسة (jālsa), common plural جالسين (jālsīn))
* active participle of جَلَس (gaʕad, “to sit”)
    Synonym: قاعِد (gāʕid)
    Antonym: واقف (wāgif)
    فين جالس؟ ― fēn jālis? ― Where are you sitting?
    جالس أحل الواجب ― jālis ʔaḥil al-wājib ― I am doing the homework