# ضل
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

IPA: /dˤal.la/

### Verb

ضَلَّ • (ḍalla) I (non-past يَضِلُّ (yaḍillu), verbal noun ضَلّ (ḍall) or ضَلَال (ḍalāl) or ضَلَالَة (ḍalāla))
* to go astray, to err, to lose
    Antonym: اِهْتَدَى (ihtadā)
    ضَلَّ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ. / ضَلَّ الطَّرِيقَ.ḍalla ʕani ṭ-ṭarīqi. / ḍalla aṭ-ṭarīqa.He went astray from the way.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 1:7:صِرٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّالِّينَṣirāṭa llaḏīna ʔanʕamta ʕalayhim ḡayri l-maḡḍūbi ʕalayhim walā ḍ-ḍāllīnaThe path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:125:إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَʔinna rabbaka huwa ʔaʕlamu biman ḍalla ʕan sabīlihi wahuwa ʔaʕlamu bi-l-muhtadīnaYour Lord ˹alone˺ knows best who has strayed from His Way and who is ˹rightly˺ guided.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:17:أَأَنْتُمْ أَضْلَلْتُمْ عِبَادِي هَٰؤُلَاءِ أَمْ هُمْ ضَلُّوا السَّبِيلَʔaʔantum ʔaḍlaltum ʕibādī hāʔulāʔi ʔam hum ḍallū as-sabīlaWas it you who misled these servants of Mine, or did they stray from the Way ˹on their own˺?

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ضل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Noun

ضَلّ • (ḍall) m
* verbal noun of ضَلَّ (ḍalla) (form I)

#### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤall/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ضل • (ḍall) m (plural ضلول (ḍlūl) or ضلال (ḍlāl))
* shadow
    Synonym: خيال (ḵyāl)

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).

### Verb

ضل • (ḍall) (nonpast يضَلّ (yḍall))
* (intransitive) to stay, to remain
    Synonym: بِقِي (biʔi)
    ضَلَّيْت بِالبَيْت ― ḍallēt bil-bēt ― I stayed home.
* to keep doing (construed with either a present-progressive participle, عَم (ʕam), or a subjunctive verb)
    هو ضل يحكي ونحنا ضلينا ماشيينhuwwe ḍall yiḥki w-niḥna ḍallēna māšyīnHe kept talking and we kept walking.

#### Usage notes

* Uniquely, this verb can also be conjugated by substituting a matching object pronoun for the normal ending of a given conjugation. For example, ضَلّْ (ḍall, “he stayed”), ضَلَّيْتُوا (ḍallaytu, “you stayed”, plural you), بِيضَلُّوا (biḍallu, “they stay”), and ضَلِّي (ḍalli, “stay!”, feminine imperative) can alternatively be ضَلُّه (ḍallo, “he stayed”), ضَلَّيْتْكُن (ḍallaytkun, “you stayed”, plural you), بِيضَلّْهُن (biḍall(h)un, “they stay”), and ضَلِّك (ḍallik, “stay!”, feminine imperative). The conjugation ضَلَّيْنَا (ḍallayna, “we stayed”) looks the same in both paradigms.
* For some speakers, the imperative is suppleted by one fashioned on خَلَّى (ḵalla, “to let be, to keep [as is]”). This suppletive form mandatorily uses object pronouns to conjugate: its singular forms use the base خَلِّيك (ḵallīk-). The plural can either be خَلُّوكُن (ḵallūkun, “stay!”, plural imperative) or خَلِّيكُن (ḵallīkun, “stay!”, plural imperative).

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤall/, [dˤɑlˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

ضلّ • (ḍall) I (present بضلّ (biḍall), active participle ضايل (ḍāyil))
* to stay, to remain
    Synonym: بقي (biʔi)
    إحنا رح نطلع، ما رح نضلّ بالبيت.ʔiḥna raḥ niṭlaʕ, mā raḥ nḍall bil-bētWe're going out, we're not going to stay at home.
* (by extension, with enclitic determiner) to continue, to keep doing
    قلتلّه ألف مرّة ما يضلّه يسبسب.ʔult-illo ʔalf marra ma yḍallօ ysabsibI told him a thousand times not to keep cursing.
    ما تضلّكش تسأل إذا عادي.mā tḍallak-š tisʔal ʔiza ʕādiDon't go on asking if it's OK.