# عفو
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕafw/

#### Noun

عَفْو • (ʕafw) m
* verbal noun of عَفَا (ʕafā) (form I)
* pardon, forgiveness, remission of sins, amnesty, absolution
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:219:وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ ٱلْعَفْوَwayasʔalūnaka māḏā yunfiqūna quli l-ʕafwa(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əfv
* → Chagatai: عَفْو
** Uyghur: ئەپۇ (epu)
** Uzbek: afv
* → Northern Kurdish: efû
* → Ottoman Turkish: عفو (ʻafv)
** Turkish: af
* → Persian: عفو ('afv)
* → Urdu: عفو

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕa.fuww/

#### Adjective

عَفُوّ • (ʕafuww)
* remitting much, clement, inclined to frequent pardon
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:149:إِنْ تُبْدُوا خَيْرًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ أَوْ تَعْفُوا عَنْ سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّٰهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِيرًاʔin tubdū ḵayran ʔaw tuḵfūhu ʔaw taʕfū ʕan sūʔin faʔinna llāha kāna ʕafuwwan qadīran(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əfüvv
* → Chagatai: عَفُوّ
** Uzbek: afuvv
* → Kazakh: ғапу (ğapu)
* → Ottoman Turkish: عفو (ʻafüvv)
** Turkish: afüvv
* → Tatar: гафу (ğafu)
* → Persian: عفو ('afovv)
* → Urdu: عفو

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

#### Noun

عفو • (ʻafv)
* a forgiving, forgiveness, pardon
* an excusing from some duty
* a dismissing or releasing from some office, dismissal; release

##### Derived terms

* عفو اتمك (ʻafv etmek)
* عفو اولمق (ʻafv olmak)
* عفو اولنمز (ʻafv olunmaz)
* عفو اولنمق (ʻafv olunmak)
* عفو عمومی (ʻafv-ı ʻumûmî)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: af

#### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عفو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, pages 1308–1309

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ (ʕafuww).

#### Adjective

عفو • (ʻafüvv)
* habitually forgiving
* all-forgiving (God)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: afüvv

#### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عفو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1309

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔafw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäfw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäfw]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäfw]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäfw]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæfv]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäfw]

#### Noun

عفو • ('afv)
* erasing, cancelling, obliterating
* effacing the vestiges of the house, covering them with dust (wind)
* forgiving, passing by a transgression
* remitting punishment
* loathing anything
* pardon, forgiveness, remission of sins

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ (ʕafuww).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.fuww]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.fʊw(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.fʊw(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.fʊw(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.fuw(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæfov]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.fuw(ː)]

#### Adjective

عفو • ('afovv)
* one who forgives much
    عفو و غفور ― 'afovv va ğafur ― (God) the pardoner and forgiver

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عفو”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “عفو”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /(ʔ)əfʋ/

#### Noun

عفو • ('afv) m
* absolution, forgiveness, pardon, remission (of sins)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ (ʕafuww).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /(ʔ)ə.fʊʋʋ/

#### Adjective

عفو • ('afuvv)
* forgiving, merciful

### References

* “عفو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “عفو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “عفو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.