# बुद्ध
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá). Doublet of बुत (but).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /bʊd̪d̪ʱ/, [bʊd̪(ː)ʱ]

### Noun

बुद्ध • (buddh) m (Urdu spelling بدھ)
* Buddha, the enlightened one

#### Derived terms

* बौद्ध धर्म (bauddh dharm)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá), through Old Marathi 𑘤𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (buddha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bud̪.d̪ʱə/

### Adjective

बुद्ध • (buddha)
* (literary, rare) conscious, enlightened
    Synonyms: जागरूक (jāgrūk), प्रबुद्ध (prabuddha)

### Proper noun

बुद्ध • (buddha) m
* (Buddhism) Buddha, the founder of Buddhism
* (Hinduism) Buddha, the ninth avatar of Vishnu

#### Derived terms

* बौद्ध धर्म (bauddha dharma)

### References

* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “बुद्ध”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bud̪̚d̪ʱʌ̤], [bud̪̚d̪ʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: बुद्ध, or बुद्द

### Proper noun

बुद्ध • (buddha)
* Buddha, the enlightened one.

#### Declension
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* buddha (Latin script)
* 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* বুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
* බුද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
* ဗုဒ္ဓ or ၿုၻ္ꩪ or ၿုၻ်ꩪ (Burmese script)
* พุทฺธ or พุทธะ (Thai script)
* ᨻᩩᨴ᩠ᨵ (Tai Tham script)
* ພຸທ຺ຘ or ພຸທຘະ or ພຸທທ຺ະ or ພຸດທະ (Lao script)
* ពុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
* 𑄝𑄪𑄘𑄴𑄙 (Chakma script)

### Proper noun

बुद्ध m
* Devanagari script form of buddha (“Buddha”)
** 2017 July 19, Vinodh Rajan, Ben Mitchell, Martin Jansche, Sascha Brawer, “Proposal to Encode Lao Characters for Pali (revised)”, in Unicode‎ (PDF), page 2:बुद्धं सरणं गच्छामिbuddhaṃ saraṇaṃ ɡacchāmiI go to the Buddha as a refuge.

### Noun

बुद्ध m
* Devanagari script form of buddha (“buddha”)

### Adjective

बुद्ध
* Devanagari script form of buddha, past participle of बुज्झति (bujjhati, “to understand”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* বুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
* ᬩᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
* বুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
* 𑰤𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* ဗုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
* બુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
* ਬੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌬𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
* ꦧꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
* 𑂥𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
* ಬುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
* ពុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
* ພຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
* ബുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
* ᠪᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘤𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
* ᠪᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧄𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐧𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
* ବୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
* ꢨꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆧𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
* 𑖤𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
* බුද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩲𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚠𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
* பு³த்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
* బుద్ధ (Telugu script)
* พุทฺธ (Thai script)
* བུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒥𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨠𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *buddʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰtós (“awake, aware”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πυστός (pustós), Avestan 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬀 (busta). By surface analysis, बुध् (budh, root) +‎ -त (-ta).
This is one of the main examples of Bartholomae's law.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /bud.dʱɐ́/, [bud̚.dʱɐ́]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /bud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [bud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

### Participle

बुद्ध • (buddha) past passive participle (root बुध्)
* past passive participle of बुध् (budh)

### Adjective

बुद्ध • (buddhá) stem
* awake
* enlightened, conscious, intelligent, clever, wise
    Antonym: मूढ (mūḍhá)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### Proper noun

बुद्ध • (buddhá) stem, m
* Buddha, the enlightened one

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂 (budhe)
** Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (buddha)
* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: بۄد (bọd)
* Gandhari: 𐨦𐨂𐨢 (budha), 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu)
* Niya Prakrit: 𐨦𐨂𐨢 (budha)
* Pali: buddha, Buddha (see there for further descendants)

#### Borrowed terms

* → Ancient Greek: Βούδδας (Boúddas), Βούττας (Boúttas)
** → Latin: Būddās
* → Kannada: ಬುದ್ಧ (buddha)
* → Tamil: புத்தர் (puttar), புத்தன் (puttaṉ)
* → Bactrian: Βοδδο (Boddo)
* ⇒ Tocharian A: ptāñkät
* ⇒ Tocharian B: pañäkte, pūdñäkte
* → Sogdian: 𐫁𐫇𐫤 (bwt /⁠*but⁠/)
* → Middle Chinese: 佛 (MC bjut), 佛陀 (MC bjut da), 浮屠 (MC bjuw drjo|du) (possibly borrowed indirectly via multiple routes)
** → Proto-Koreanic: *Pwutukye
*** Old Korean: 佛體 (*PWUthye?)
**** Middle Korean: 부텨 (Pwùthyè)
***** Korean: 부처 (Bucheo)
**** ⇒ Middle Korean: 부톄〯 (Pwùthyěy)
***** Gyeongsang Korean: 부체 (Buche)
***** Pyongan Korean: 부테 (Bute)
***** Jeju: 푼체 (Punche)
*** → Old Japanese: 佛 (poto$_2$ke$_2$)
**** Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)
*** → Proto-Jurchenic: *puciki
**** Jurchen:  (*fut͡ʃiçi)
***** Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)
** →⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (pwrqʾn /⁠burhan⁠/)
*** → Karakhanid: بُرْخَنْ (burχan, “idol, Buddha”)
*** → Mongolian: бурхан (burxan, “god”)
** → Vietnamese: Phật (佛), Bụt (侼)
* → Classical Tibetan: བུད་དྷ (bud dha)
** > Tibetan: བུད་དྷ (bud dha) (inherited)
** → Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠾᠠ (buddha)
*** > Mongolian: будда (budda) (inherited)
* → Old Javanese: buddha
** > Javanese: ꦧꦸꦢ (buda) (inherited)
** → Balinese: ᬩᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (buda)

### Borrowed terms

* Assamese: বুদ্ধ (buddho)
* Bengali: বুদ্ধ (buddho)
* Hindi: बुद्ध (buddh)
* Marathi: बुद्ध (buddha)
* Nepali: बुद्ध (buddha)
* Sinhalese: බුද්ධ (buddha)
* Odia: ବୁଦ୍ଧ (buddha)
* Tamil: புத்தன் (puttaṉ)
* Telugu: బుద్ధుడు (buddhuḍu)
* Gujarati: બુદ્ધ (buddh)
* Punjabi: ਬੁੱਧ (buddha)
* Sylheti: ꠛꠥꠖ꠆ꠗ (buddó)