# كشف
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

كَشَفَ • (kašafa) I (non-past يَكْشِفُ (yakšifu), verbal noun كَشْف (kašf) or كَشِفَة (kašifa))
* to remove, to uncover, to reveal
* to publish, to communicate
* to expose
* to investigate (the facts of a case)
* to reconnoiter
* to visit (عَلَى (ʕalā) a sick person)
* (construed with عَن (ʕan)) to remove, to relieve, to lift off of or pick up something from another thing, to free or let out

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كشف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

كَشْف • (kašf) m
* verbal noun of كَشَفَ (kašafa) (form I)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: kəşf
* → Northern Kurdish: keşf
* → Ottoman Turkish: كشف (keşf, keşif)
** Turkish: keşif
** → Armenian: քէշֆ (kʻēšf), քէֆշ (kʻēfš)
* → Persian: کشف (kašf)
* → Swahili: kashfa
* → Tatar: кәшеф (käşef), käşef
* → Uyghur: كەشپ (keshp)
* → Uzbek: kashf

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic كَشْف (kašf, “discovery”).

#### Noun

كشف • (keşf or keşif) (definite accusative كشفی (keşfi), plural كشفیات (keşfiyyât))
* revelation, exposure, disclosure, the act of exposing or uncovering something, such as a scandal
* discovery, finding, unearthing, the act or instance of discovering or finding something new by chance
* investigation, inquiry, quest, an especially patient or thorough examination in order to ascertain facts
* (finance) valuation, estimating, the determination of the economic value, worth, or price of something
* (military) reconnaissance, recon, the act of scouting or exploring by military forces to gain information

##### Derived terms

* كشف ایتمك (keşf etmek, “to uncover”)
* كشف دفتری (keşif defteri, “cost estimate”)
* كشف عورت (keşf-i ʼâvret, “indecent exposure”)
* كشف غیوب (keşf-i guyub, “oneiromancy”)
* كشف محلی (keşf-i mahalli, “home visit”)
* كشفنامه (keşifnâme, “verbal process”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: keşif
* → Armenian: քէշֆ (kʻēšf), քէֆշ (kʻēfš)

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “كشف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 632
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “keşif”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2578
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “keşf”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 612
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كشف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1029
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Manifestatio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1002
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كشف”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3966
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “keşif”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كشف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1552

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian کشف (kašaf, “tortoise, turtle”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kšwk' /⁠kašawag⁠/, “tortoise”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah.

#### Noun

كشف • (keşef) (definite accusative كشفی (keşefi), plural كشفلر (keşefler))
* tortoise, turtle, terrapin, any reptile of the order Testudines, characterised by a protective shell enclosing its body
    Synonyms: طوسبغه (tosbağa), قاپلو بغه (kaplı bağa)
* (astrology) Cancer, the zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22–July 22 or July 16–August 15

##### Descendants

* Turkish: keşef

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “keşef”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2577
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “keşef”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 612
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Testudo”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1669
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كشف”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3967
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كشف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1552

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَشَفَ (kašafa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ʃaf/, [ˈka.ʃaf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

كشف • (kašaf) I (present بكشف (bikšif))
* to reveal, to expose, to uncover
* to discover