OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅
## Prakrit
### Alternative forms

* 𑀫𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (muttia)
* 𑀫𑁴𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬 (mŏttiya) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑁅𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀓 (mauktika).

### Noun

𑀫𑁴𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (mŏttia) n (Devanagari मोत्तिअ, Kannada ಮೊತ್ತಿಅ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
* a pearl
    Synonym: 𑀫𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (muttā)
** c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 310:𑀡 𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀡 𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀇 𑀚𑀡𑁄 𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀇 𑀚𑁄 𑀚𑁂𑀡 𑀪𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀑 𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀡 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀉 𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀁𑀢𑀺ṇa guṇeṇa hīraï jaṇo hīraï jo jeṇa bhāvio teṇa mŏttūṇa puliṃdā mŏttiāi guṃjāu gĕṇhaṃti2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman TiekenPeople are not captivated by true qualities but by what takes their fancy. The Pulindas brush pearls aside but seize upon the guñja seeds the jeweler uses as weights.

#### Descendants

* Ahirani: मोती (motī)
* Sauraseni Apabhramsa: मोत्तिउ (mottiu)
** Braj: मोती (motī)
** Hindustani: motī
    Hindi: मोती
    Urdu: موتِی (motī)
** →? Tibetan: མུ་ཏིག (mu tig)
* Assamese: মোতি (müti)
* Middle Bengali: মুতি (muti)
** Bengali: মোতি (mōti) (< Hindustani موتِی (motī) / मोती (motī))
* Dogri: motī
    Devanagari script: मोती
    Dogra script: 𑠢𑠵𑠙𑠮
* Old Gujarati: मोती (motī)
** Gojri: موتی (motī)
** Gujarati: મોતી (motī)
** Malvi: मोती (motī)
** Marwari:
    Devanagari script: मोती (motī)
    Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅔𑅣𑅑 (moti)
* Kachchi: મોતી (motī)
* Konkani: motī̃
    Devanagari script: मोतीं
    Kannada script: ಮೊತಿಂ
    Latin script: motim
* Maithili: mōti
    Devanagari script: मोति
    Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒼𑒞𑒱
* Old Marathi: motī
    Devanagari script: मोती
    Modi script: 𑘦𑘻𑘝𑘲
** Marathi: मोती (motī)
* Nepali: मोती (motī)
* Odia: ମୋତି (moti)
* Old Punjabi: ਮੋਤੀ (motī)
** Punjabi: motī
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਤੀ
    Shahmukhi script: موتی
* Sindhi: motī
    Arabic script: موتِي
    Devanagari script: मोती
    Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋧𑋍𑋢

### Further reading

* Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 119
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 61, 191, 390
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mauktika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 598
# бомбо
## Carpathian Rusyn
### Noun

бо́мбо • (bómbo) f inan sg
* vocative singular of бо́мба (bómba)

## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠪᠣᠮᠪᠤ (bombu) | бомбо (bombo) |

### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠣᠮᠪᠤ (bombu). Compare Buryat бомбо (bombo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɔ̙m.pŏ̙]
* Hyphenation: бом‧бо

### Noun

бомбо • (bombo)
* a Taoist priest

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### See also

* тоён (tojon)

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɔmbɔ]

### Noun

бо́мбо • (bómbo) f inan
* vocative singular of бо́мба (bómba)
# түүнийх
## Mongolian
### Etymology

From түүний (tüünii, “that’s; his, her, its”, possessive determiner of тэр) +‎ -х (-x). Compare Classical Mongolian ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠦᠨ᠋ᠡᠶᠢᠬᠢ (tereüneyiki).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰuːniːx/

### Pronoun

түүнийх • (tüüniix) (Mongolian spelling ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ (tegün-ü-ki))
* (possessive) that’s
* (possessive) his, hers, its

#### Declension
### See also

* үүнийх (üüniix, “this’s”)
# туъһа
## Dukhan
### Etymology

Compare Tofa тоъфа (toʺfa), тоъпа (toʺpa); Tuvan тыва (tıva); Northern Altai туба (tuba); Khakas туба (tuba); and also Middle Mongol [script needed] (tuba), [script needed] (tubas).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuʰhä/

### Noun

туъһа (tuʺha)
* Dukhan (person)
# procesorov
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprɔt͡sesɔrɔf]

### Noun

procesorov
* genitive plural of procesor
# accipiter
## English
### Etymology

From Latin accipiter (“hawk”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ækˈsɪp.ə.tɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

accipiter (plural accipiters)
* (ornithology) Any hawk of the genus Accipiter.
* (ornithology) Any hawk formerly classified in the genus Accipiter, such as Tachyspiza and Astur.
* (medicine, surgery) A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.

#### Derived terms

* accipitral
* accipitrine

#### Translations
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* acceptor (Late Latin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *akupetros, from Proto-Indo-European *HHḱu-péth₂r̥, from *HéHḱus (“swift, quick”) + *péth₂r̥ (“feather, wing”) (compare penna). The geminate -cc- is perhaps influenced by accipiō (“take, seize”). Compare with the similarly constructed Ancient Greek ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros, “swift-winged”), Proto-Slavic *àstrę̄bъ.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /akˈki.pi.ter/, [äkˈkɪpɪt̪ɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /atˈt͡ʃi.pi.ter/, [ätˈt͡ʃiːpit̪er]

### Noun

accipiter m (genitive accipitris); third declension
* hawk, merlin
    Synonyms: acceptor, astur, falcō, nīsus
** 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.75–76:Terrētur minimō pennae strīdōre columbā, unguibus, accipiter, sauciā facta tuīs.The dove is terrified by the slightest rustle of a feather, having been wounded by your talons, hawk.
* a rapacious man

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Descendants

(mostly via Vulgar Latin acceptor)
* Aragonese: astor, azor
** → Basque: aztore
* → Byzantine Greek: ξιφτέρι (xiftéri), ξεφτέρι (xeftéri), ἐξιφτέριν (exiphtérin)
** → Albanian: qift (“kite”), skifter
* Catalan: astor
* Corsican: altore
* → English: accipiter
* Old French: hostur, ostur, ostor, ostoir
** French: autour
* Italian: astore
* Lombard: astor
* Occitan: astor
* Old Galician-Portuguese: açor
** Galician: azor
** Portuguese: açor, Açores
*** → English: Azores
* Sardinian: istore
* Old Spanish: adtor
** Spanish: azor

### References

* “accipiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “accipiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* accipiter in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “accipiter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
# albanistikou
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈalbaɲɪscɪkou̯]

### Noun

albanistikou
* instrumental singular of albanistika
# laburnum
## English

Wikispecies

### Etymology

From Latin laburnum.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ləˈbɝnəm/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ləˈbɜːnəm/

### Noun

laburnum (plural laburnums)
* Any tree of the genus Laburnum.
    Synonyms: golden chain, golden rain
** 1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter I, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 1:[…] Lord Henry Wotton could just catch the gleam of the honey-sweet and honey-coloured blossoms of a laburnum, whose tremulous branches seemed hardly able to bear the burden of a beauty so flame-like as theirs[.]
** 1950, C. S. Lewis, chapter 11, in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Collins, published 1998:The trees began to come fully alive. The larches and birches were covered with green, the laburnums with gold.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* alburnum

## Latin
### Etymology

Unknown. Some possibilities include:
* from Etruscan, due to the -rno- element as also in vīburnum, alburnus;
* from a Mediterranean substrate word of the form *lapa or *laba “rock” (Latin lapis), in reference to the terrain where the plant grows;
* if the first element is Latin (through folk etymology or otherwise), this might be labrum (“a lip”) or lābor (“to glide down”) +‎ -urnus depending on the length of the vowel. For the former derivation compare Old English smǣre (“lip(s)”), Danish smære (“clover”), Icelandic smæra (“bermuda buttercup”).
Compare labrūsca.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /laˈbur.num/, [ɫ̪äˈbʊrnʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /laˈbur.num/, [läˈburnum]
* Note: the length of the first vowel is unknown.

### Noun

laburnum n (genitive laburnī); second declension
* plant of the genus Laburnum, golden chain

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

### References

* ↑ Gertraud Breyer (1993) Etruskisches Sprachgut im Lateinischen unter Ausschluss des spezifisch onomastischen Bereiches‎ (in German), Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 405
* ↑ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938–1954) “liburnum”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter

### Further reading

* “laburnum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* laburnum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# cataroi
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Greek καταρροή (katarroḯ).

### Noun

cataroi n (plural cataroaie)
* (dated) apoplexy
* (dated) flu
# 丢荒
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 丢荒 – see 丟荒 (“to leave uncultivated; to abandon”). (This term is the simplified form of 丟荒).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# arabistikou
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈarabɪscɪkou̯]

### Noun

arabistikou
* instrumental singular of arabistika
# anglistiku
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaŋɡlɪscɪku]

### Noun

anglistiku
* accusative singular of anglistika
# badnavirus
## English
### Etymology

From the genus name, formed from bacilliform +‎ DNA +‎ virus.

### Noun

badnavirus (plural badnaviruses)
* Any of the genus Badnavirus of plant viruses in the family Caulimoviridae.
** 2015 July 25, “Characterization by Small RNA Sequencing of Taro Bacilliform CH Virus (TaBCHV), a Novel Badnavirus”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:Blast searching identified five and nine contigs assembled from small RNAs of samples T1 and T2 matched onto the genome sequences of badnaviruses in the family Caulimoviridae.

#### Derived terms

* badnaviral

### Anagrams

* bandavirus
# sorabistikou
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɔrabiscikɔu]

### Noun

sorabistikou
* instrumental singular of sorabistika
# Scandinavian studies
## English
### Noun

Scandinavian studies (uncountable)
* (humanities) An academic discipline that focuses on the Scandinavian languages and cultural studies pertaining to Scandinavia
# Bunyaviridae
## Translingual
### Etymology

From English bunyavirus +‎ -viridae.

### Proper noun

Bunyaviridae
* (archaic) A taxonomic family within the kingdom Virus – negative-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, generally found in arthropods or rodents, whose genera are now families in order Bunyavirales.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Riboviria – realm; Orthornavirae – kingdom; Negarnaviricota – phylum; Polyploviricotina – subphylum; Ellioviricetes – class; Bunyavirales – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Hantavirus (now family Hantaviridae), Nairovirus (now family Nairoviridae), Orthobunyavirus (now family Peribunyaviridae), Phlebovirus (now family Phenuiviridae), Tospovirus (now family Tospoviridae) – genera (now families in order Bunyavirales)

### References

* Bunyavirales on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Peribunyaviridae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Bunyaviridae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Peribunyaviridae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Bunyaviridae at International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
* Bunyaviridae at World Register of Marine Species
# переселенка
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From переселити (pereselyty) +‎ -енка (-enka). Compare Russian переселе́нка (pereselénka), Belarusian перасяле́нка (pjerasjaljénka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pereseˈɫɛnkɐ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

переселе́нка • (pereselénka) f pers (genitive переселе́нки, nominative plural переселе́нки, genitive plural переселе́нок, masculine переселе́нець)
* female equivalent of переселе́нець (pereselénecʹ, “migrant, resettler”)
    Synonym: мігра́нтка f (mihrántka)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “переселенка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “переселенка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “переселенка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# fuck over
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

fuck over (third-person singular simple present fucks over, present participle fucking over, simple past and past participle fucked over)
* (transitive, vulgar) to cheat or treat unfairly (to exploit somebody in a way which results in an advantage to oneself, at the cost of the other party gaining a considerable disadvantage)
    He really fucked me over when he sold me that car for $3,000.
** 2016 January 31, “Is Huma Abedin Hillary Clinton’s Secret Weapon or Her Next Big Problem?”, in Vanity Fair, retrieved 21 January 2016:But not Huma. She quickly returned to Hillary’s side. Daniel Halper, online editor at the conservative Weekly Standard and the author of Clinton, Inc., an unflattering portrait of the Clintons, theorizes Huma had little choice after the second sexting fiasco but to stick with Hillary. “She started sort of easing her way out,” he says. “It would have helped if she was the First Lady of New York and would’ve had her own gig going, but, of course, her husband completely fucked her over. But, at that point, there was no way for her to exit gracefully.”
** 2020 August 24, Zach Baron, quoting Jaron Lanier, “The Conscience of Silicon Valley”, in GQ‎:“So,” he [Jaron Lanier] said, sighing. “My project is in a way more modest than you're making it out to be. It's more…it's more to not fuck the future over, you know?”

#### Synonyms

* screw over

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* overfuck
# Loliginidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Loligo +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Loliginidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Teuthida – pencil squids.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Spiralia – superphylum; Mollusca – phylum; Cephalopoda – class; Coleoidea – subclass; Decabrachia – superorder; Teuthida – order; Myopsina - suborder

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Aestuariolus, Afrololigo, Alloteuthis, Doryteuthis, Heterololigo, Loligo, Loliolus, Lolliguncula, Pickfordiateuthis, Sepioteuthis, Uroteuthis - genera

### References

* Loliginidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Loliginidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Loliginidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# drumstick
## English
### Etymology

From drum +‎ stick.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

drumstick (plural drumsticks)
* A stick used to play drums. [from 16th c.]
* The second joint of the legbone of a chicken or other fowl, especially as an item of food. [from 17th c.]
* (South Asia, Myanmar) The moringa or drumstick tree, Moringa oleifera, especially its slender, cylindrical pods. [from 19th c.]
** 2011, Arupa Patangia Kalita, translated by Deepika Phukan, The Story of Felanee (fiction), translation of original in Assamese:She could imagine the taste of the tender drumstick seeds on her tongue.
* (slang, chiefly in the plural) A person's leg.
** 1855, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Nature and Human Nature, page 235:At a given signal, from the boss of the hack, who stands door in hand, the young lady gathers her clothes well up her drumsticks, and would you believe, two steps or springs only, like those of a kangaroo, take her into the house.

#### Alternative forms

* (stick used to play drums): drum stick

#### Synonyms

* (chicken): chicken leg, drummer

#### Coordinate terms

* (chicken): chicken thigh, thigh

#### Related terms

* (chicken): drumette

#### Translations
### Further reading

* drum stick on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English drumstick.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdrʏm.stɪk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: drum‧stick

### Noun

drumstick m (plural drumsticks, diminutive drumstickje n)
* a drumstick, the lower leg of a fowl (especially a chicken)
* (uncommon) a drumstick, a stick used for drumming
    Synonym: drumstok

#### Hyponyms

* (lower leg of a fowl): kippenpoot
# aborgok
## Kangean
### Alternative forms

* aburguk

### Etymology

Blend of a- +‎ borgok (“veil”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧bor‧gok

### Verb

aborgok
* wearing veil
# beleka
## Phuthi
### Verb

-béleka
* to give birth to

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-béléka
* (transitive) to carry

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.
# о-го-го
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o ɦo ˈɦo]
* IPA: [o ɣo ˈɣo]
* IPA: [o ɡo ˈɡo]

### Interjection

о-го-го́! • (o-go-gó!)
* oh, ho, ho!; wow!; oh, my goodness!; oh, oh, oh! (expresses surprise, admiration, approval, etc.)
    Synonym: ого́ (ogó)
    О-го-го́, как ты вы́рос! ― O-go-gó, kak ty výros! ― Wow, how you’ve grown!
    Наро́ду там — о-го-го́! ― Naródu tam — o-go-gó! ― The people there—oh, oh, oh!
    О-го-го́, ско́лько грибо́в ты собра́л! ― O-go-gó, skólʹko gribóv ty sobrál! ― Wow, so many mushrooms you collected!
# arapi
## Albanian
### Noun

arapi
* inflection of arap:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite dative/ablative singular

## Romanian
### Noun

arapi
* plural of arap
# viganë
## Albanian
### Noun

viganë
* indefinite nominative/accusative plural of vigan
# biban
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Bulgarian бибан (biban).(Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /biˈban/

### Noun

biban m (plural bibani)
* perch, bass
# тиння
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

тин (tyn) +‎ -ня (-nja)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɪnʲːɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ти́ння • (týnnja) n inan (genitive ти́ння, uncountable)
* (collective) fence(s)

#### References

* Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “ти́ння”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ти́ння”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund (2001–2025) “Словники України” online [Dictionaries of Ukraine online]‎ (in Ukrainian)
# ladybird
## English
### Alternative forms

* lady-bird

### Etymology

From lady +‎ bird, the “lady” here referring to the Virgin Mary, Jesus’ mother. Compare German Marienkäfer (literally “Mary beetle/bug”), Danish mariehøne, Latvian mārīte, Macedonian бубамара (bubamara) and Spanish mariquita. Also compare damselfly.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈleɪ.di.bəːd/
* (US) IPA: /ˈleɪ.di.bɝd/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

ladybird (plural ladybirds)
* Any of the Coccinellidae family of beetles, typically having a round shape and red or yellow spotted elytra.
    Synonyms: (North America) ladybug, (preferred by some scientists) lady beetle, (obsolete, Britain) ladycow, (obsolete, Britain) lady fly, (archaic, dialectal UK) bishy barnabee
** 1914, Entomological Society of America, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 7, page 81,
    During this time, they eat about 825 Toxoptera per ladybird, making an average of about twenty-five per day to each ladybird.
** 1927, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Edward Everett Hale, and William Byron Forbush (editors), Childhood′s Favorites and Fairy Stories: The Young Folks Treasury, Volume 1, Gutenberg eBook #19993,
    Lady-bird, lady-bird, fly away home, / Thy house is on fire, thy children all gone: / All but one whose name is Ann, / And she crept under the pudding-pan.
** 1976 September 30, Denis Owen, Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home, New Scientist, page 686,
    Ladybirds, unlike most beetles, enjoy considerable popularity: they are attractive to look at and are well-known as useful predators of aphids—the greenfly and blackfly that destroy garden plants and crops.
** 2008, John L. Capinera, Encyclopedia of Entomology, Springer-Verlag New York, 2nd Edition, page 2130,
    Perhaps it was a sense of lack of effectiveness of native ladybirds in rapid and complete control of aphid infestations that led to attempts to import additional aphid-feeding ladybird species into North America.

#### Usage notes

The term ladybird is used in British English, while the alternative ladybug is common in the US and Canada.

#### Derived terms

* harlequin ladybird
* ladybird beetle
* ladybird spider
* large leaf-eating ladybird
* yellow-shouldered ladybird

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Coccinellidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# Rast
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German raste, from Old High German rasta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁast/
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Rast f (genitive Rast, plural Rasten)
* rest, a pause, a halt; to stop a march, hike or journey for recreational purposes
    Nach 15 Kilometern werden wir eine Rast einlegen.After 15 kilometers we will take a break.

#### Derived terms

* rasten
* rastlos

### Further reading

* “Rast” in Duden online

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic хврастъ (xvrastŭ, “brushwood”), from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Rast m
* A commune of Dolj, Romania
* A village in Rast, Dolj, Romania
# нїжей
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak niže, *nižej, from Proto-Slavic *nižьjь. Cognate with Polish niżej. Doublet of нїзши (njizši).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɲiʒɛj]
* Rhymes: -iʒɛj
* Hyphenation: нї‧жей

### Adverb

нїжей (njižej)
* below, underneath, beneath
    Synonym: долу (dolu)

### Preposition

нїжей (njižej)
* under, below, underneath, beneath [with genitive]
    Synonym: долу (dolu)
    Antonym: над (nad)
    нїжей колєна вдерел ногу ― njižej koljena vderel nohu ― below the knee hit the leg

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “нїжей”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “below”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 37
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “under”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 349
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “underneath”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 349