# 墨粉
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bah$^7$ hong$^3$ / bah$^7$ huong$^3$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bah$^7$ hong$^3$ [Phonetic: bah$^6$ hong$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ba̍h-heông
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ⁴⁻¹ hɔŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bah$^7$ huong$^3$ [Phonetic: bah$^6$ huong$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ²⁴⁻² huoŋ³³²/

### Noun

墨粉
* (Puxian Min) chalk (the writing implement)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 粉筆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 粉筆 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 粉筆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 粉筆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 粉筆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 粉筆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 粉筆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 粉筆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 粉筆, 粉墨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 粉筆, 粉錠兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 粉筆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 粉筆, 粉條 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 粉筆, 粉錠子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 粉筆, 粉錠子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 粉筆 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 粉筆 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 粉筆, 白墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 粉筆, 白墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 粉筆, 白墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 粉筆, 白墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 粉筆, 粉墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 粉筆, 白墨, 粉墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 粉筆, 粉條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 粉筆, 粉條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 粉筆, 白墨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 粉筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 粉筆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 粉筆, 粉條, 粉墨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 粉筆 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 粉筆 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 粉筆 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 粉筆 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 白粉 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 粉筆 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 粉筆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 粉筆 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Datong | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Linhe | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Jining | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Handan | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 粉筆 |
| Jin | Suide | 粉筆, 粉錠兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 粉筆 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白墨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 粉筆 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 粉筆 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 粉筆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 粉筆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 白墨粉 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 粉筆 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 粉筆 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 白粉 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 白粉 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 粉筆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 墨粉, 粉筆, 粉條 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 墨粉, 粉筆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 粉筆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 墨粉, 粉筆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 墨粉, 粉筆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 墨粉, 粉筆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 粉筆 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 粉筆 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 粉筆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Danyang | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 粉筆 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 粉筆 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 粉條 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 粉筆, 粉筆條子 |

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “墨粉”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 22.