# áss
## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* ássál

### Etymology

ás +‎ -j

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaːʃː]
* Rhymes: -aːʃː

### Verb

áss
* second-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of ás

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸāstom, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, shepherd”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːs/

### Noun

áss n
* growth
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22$^a$17
    Uisse in boill dó ass ón chiunn.[It is] proper for the members to grow from the head.
** c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 68, pages 115-179:Ba erdath ⁊ ba lith mor iarum la Colum Cille ann dogress dona braithribh. Ass n-ingnama doib: ann nobithe tremsi oc aurcilliud ⁊ oc legcude usce trit. Feil na n-Airemon leisom insin fo bithin is ann for·centai a n-as.A great festivity and merrymaking was regularly allowed by Colum Cille thereafter to the brethren. The growth of the crops was given to them then: three months were spent in tending and watering them. He called that the Feast of the Ploughmen, because it was then that the crops reached their full growth.
* verbal noun of ásaid (“to grow”)

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Derived terms

* ásaid

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ás
** Irish: fás
** Scottish Gaelic: fàs
** Manx: aase

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fāsto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 125

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ás”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *ansaz ("beam").

#### Noun

áss m (genitive áss, plural ásar)
* a thick pole, main beam (in a house)
* (nautical) the yard of a sail

##### Derived terms

* ásstubbi m (“the stump of a beam”)

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: ás
* Faroese: ásur
* Norwegian Nynorsk: ås
* Norwegian Bokmål: ås
* Danish: ås
* Swedish: ås, takås

### Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Germanic *amsaz (“shoulder”).

#### Noun

áss m (genitive áss, plural ásar)
* a rocky ridge

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: ás
* Faroese: ásur
* Norwegian Nynorsk: ås
* Norwegian Bokmål: ås
* Elfdalian: ą̊s
* Swedish: ås
* Danish: ås

##### Further reading

* Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “áss”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 46
* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “áss”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 37; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/37 Internet Archive]

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᛊᚢᛉ (*asuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énsus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ens- (“to engender, beget”). Cognate with Old English ōs, Old Saxon ās, Old High German ans-, Latin Ansis pl (loaned from Gothic).

#### Alternative forms

* ǫ́ss

#### Noun

áss m (genitive ásar, plural æsir)
* (Germanic paganism) one of the gods, Æsir

##### Derived terms

* Ásbjǫrn m (“god bear”)
* Ásgarðr m (“realm of the Æsir”)
* Ásgeirr m (“god spear”)
* Áshildr (“god battle”)
* Áskell m (“god helmet”)
* Áslaug f
* Ástríðr f (“godly beauty”)
* ásynja f (“a goddess”)
* sólaráss m (“sun god”)

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: ás m
** → Swedish: as c
*** → Finnish: aasa
** → Danish: as c
* Faroese: ásur m
* Norwegian Nynorsk: ås m
* Norwegian Bokmål: ås m
* → Swedish: ås c (learned)