# 醫

| 醫 | U+91AB, &#37291; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91AB |
| ← 醪 [U+91AA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 醬 → [U+91AC] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 医 |
| Simplified | 医 |
| Traditional | 醫 |

### Han character

醫 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 尸水一金田 (SEMCW), four-corner 7760$_1$, composition ⿱殹酉)

#### Derived characters

* 鿀, 𡄵, 𧕪, 𧮒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1287, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40006
* Dae Jaweon: page 1787, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3595, character 9
* Unihan data for U+91AB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 醫 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鷖 | *qiː |
| 翳 | *qiː, *qiːs |
| 嫛 | *qiː |
| 黳 | *qiː |
| 繄 | *qiː, *qiːs |
| 医 | *qiːs |
| 嫕 | *qiːs |
| 蘙 | *qiːs |
| 瞖 | *qiːs |
| 殹 | *qiːs |
| 贀 | *ɢʷis |
| 醫 | *qɯ |
| 毉 | *qɯ |
| 蠮 | *qiːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯ): phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 酉 (“liquor”).
Alternatively, as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 殹 (“to groan”) + 酉 (“liquor”) – using medicinal liquor to treat a groaning patient.

### Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔə and suggests it is cognate with Proto-Hlai *ja¹ (“medicine”), Proto-Kam-Sui *gja² (“medicine; to cure”), Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yī (yi$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йи (yi, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): i$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): i$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): í
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): i
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ui$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$i
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yī
*** Zhuyin: ㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yi
*** Wade–Giles: i$^1$
*** Yale: yī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yi$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: i
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йи (yi, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^1$
*** Yale: yī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ji³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: i$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: i$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /i¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: í
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i
*** Tâi-lô: i
*** Phofsit Daibuun: y
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /i³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /i⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /i⁵⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ui
*** Sinological IPA : /ui³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$i
*** MiniDict: i$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$i
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'i
Rime :
| Character | 醫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於其切 |
| Baxter | 'i |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 醫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15058 |
| Phonetic component | 医 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 醫 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯ/ |

### Definitions

醫
* medicinal; medicine
* doctor
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Nánrén yǒu yán yuē: ‘Rén ér wúhéng, bùkěyǐ zuò wūyī.’ Shàn fú! Bùhéng qí dé, huò chéng zhī xiū.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "The people of the south have a saying - 'A man without constancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor.' Good! Inconstant in his virtue, he will be visited with disgrace."
    From: Sun Simiao, Essential Formulas Worth a Thousand Weights in Gold to Prepare for Emergencies, 652 CE
    Fán dàyī zhìbìng, bì dāng ānshén dìngzhì, wúyù wúqiú, xiānfā dàcí cèyǐn zhī xīn. Shìyuàn pǔjiù hánlíng zhī kǔ. [Pinyin]
    In all cases, when you treat disease as an eminent physician, you must quiet your spirit and fix your intention, you must be free of wants and desires, and you must first develop a heart full of great compassion and empathy. You must pledge your desire to rescue all sentient beings indiscriminately from their suffering.
* to cure; to treat
    冇得醫／冇得医 [Cantonese] ― mou$^5$ dak$^1$ ji$^1$ [Jyutping] ― untreatable
    From: 1935, Xia Yan, 《包身工》 [Indentured Labor]
    “jiǎ bìng, lǎozi gěi nǐ yī!” [Pinyin]
    You fake sickness; I'll give you the cure.
* (Sichuanese) to punish

#### Synonyms

* (to treat):
* 治
* 治療 / 治疗 (zhìliáo)
* 療治 / 疗治 (Dungan)
* 療護 / 疗护 (liáohù)
* 醫治 / 医治 (yīzhì)
* 醫療 / 医疗 (yīliáo)
* (to punish):
* 修理 (xiūlǐ) (slang)
* 制裁 (zhìcái) (literary)
* 懲 / 惩 (chéng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懲治 / 惩治 (chéngzhì)
* 懲罰 / 惩罚 (chéngfá)
* 懲艾 / 惩艾 (chéngyì) (literary)
* 懲處 / 惩处 (chéngchǔ)
* 懲辦 / 惩办 (chéngbàn)
* 拾掇 (shíduo) (colloquial)
* 收拾 (colloquial)
* 整治 (zhěngzhì)
* 治
* 治罪 (zhìzuì)
* 發落 / 发落 (fāluò)
* 科罰 / 科罚 (kēfá)
* 處分 / 处分 (chǔfèn)
* 處治 / 处治 (chǔzhì)
* 處理 / 处理
* 處置 / 处置 (chǔzhì)
* 處罰 / 处罚 (chǔfá)
* 討治 / 讨治 (tǎozhì) (literary)
* 責罰 / 责罚 (zéfá)
* 辦罪 / 办罪 (bànzuì) (dated)
* 醫治 / 医治 (yi$^1$ zi$^4$) (Sichuanese)

### Compounds

* 上醫 / 上医 (shàngyī)
* 世醫 / 世医 (shìyī)
* 中醫 / 中医 (zhōngyī)
* 主治醫生 / 主治医生 (zhǔzhì yīshēng)
* 久病成醫 / 久病成医 (jiǔbìngchéngyī)
* 住院醫師 / 住院医师 (zhùyuàn yīshī)
* 侍醫 / 侍医
* 儒醫 / 儒医 (rúyī)
* 內外全科醫學士 / 内外全科医学士 (nèiwài quánkē yīxué shì)
* 全科醫師 / 全科医师 (quánkē yīshī)
* 剜肉醫瘡 / 剜肉医疮
* 割肉醫瘡 / 割肉医疮
* 博濟醫院 / 博济医院
* 名醫 / 名医 (míngyī)
* 國醫 / 国医 (guóyī)
* 國醫節 / 国医节
* 太空醫學 / 太空医学
* 太醫 / 太医 (tàiyī)
* 太醫院 / 太医院
* 官醫 / 官医
* 家庭醫學 / 家庭医学 (jiātíng yīxué)
* 家庭醫師 / 家庭医师 (jiātíng yīshī)
* 密醫 / 密医
* 實習醫生 / 实习医生 (shíxí yīshēng)
* 專科醫師 / 专科医师
* 就醫 / 就医 (jiùyī)
* 巫醫 / 巫医 (wūyī)
* 康復醫學 / 康复医学
* 庸醫 / 庸医 (yōngyī)
* 延醫 / 延医 (yányī)
* 後醫系 / 后医系
* 御醫 / 御医 (yùyī)
* 復健醫學 / 复健医学
* 心理醫生 / 心理医生 (xīnlǐ yīshēng)
* 教學醫院 / 教学医院
* 新醫 / 新医
* 施醫 / 施医 (shīyī)
* 時間醫學 / 时间医学
* 核子醫學 / 核子医学
* 校醫 / 校医 (xiàoyī)
* 求醫 / 求医 (qiúyī)
* 法醫 / 法医 (fǎyī)
* 法醫學 / 法医学 (fǎyīxué)
* 漢醫 / 汉医 (hànyī)
* 牙科醫學 / 牙科医学
* 牙醫 / 牙医 (yáyī)
* 獸醫 / 兽医 (shòuyī)
* 獸醫學 / 兽医学 (shòuyīxué)
* 環境醫學 / 环境医学
* 疼痛醫學 / 疼痛医学
* 瘍醫 / 疡医
* 盧醫 / 卢医
* 看醫生 / 看医生 (kàn yīshēng)
* 神醫 / 神医 (shényī)
* 第三醫學 / 第三医学
* 精神醫學 / 精神医学 (jīngshén yīxué)
* 線上牙醫 / 线上牙医
* 老年醫學 / 老年医学
* 老醫少卜 / 老医少卜
* 老黃請醫 / 老黄请医
* 臨床醫學 / 临床医学 (línchuáng yīxué)
* 臺大醫院 / 台大医院
* 舊病難醫 / 旧病难医
* 航空醫學 / 航空医学
* 良醫 / 良医
* 草澤醫 / 草泽医
* 行醫 / 行医 (xíngyī)
* 西醫 / 西医 (xīyī)
* 諱疾忌醫 / 讳疾忌医 (huìjíjìyī)
* 賠償醫學 / 赔偿医学
* 赤腳醫生 / 赤脚医生 (chìjiǎo yīshēng)
* 軍醫 / 军医 (jūnyī)
* 遠距醫療 / 远距医疗
* 醫務 / 医务 (yīwù)
* 醫務人員 / 医务人员
* 醫務室 / 医务室 (yīwùshì)
* 醫務扶助 / 医务扶助
* 醫匠 / 医匠
* 醫卜星相 / 医卜星相
* 醫囑 / 医嘱 (yīzhǔ)
* 醫士 / 医士 (yīshì)
* 醫婆 / 医婆
* 醫學 / 医学 (yīxué)
* 醫官 / 医官 (yīguān)
* 醫宗金鑑 / 医宗金鉴
* 醫家 / 医家 (yījiā)
* 醫師 / 医师 (yīshī)
* 醫師節 / 医师节
* 醫德 / 医德 (yīdé)
* 醫方 / 医方 (yīfāng)
* 醫時救弊 / 医时救弊
* 醫書 / 医书 (yīshū)
* 醫林改錯 / 医林改错
* 醫檢師 / 医检师
* 醫治 / 医治 (yīzhì)
* 醫理 / 医理 (yīlǐ)
* 醫生 / 医生 (yīshēng)
* 醫療 / 医疗 (yīliáo)
* 醫療給付 / 医疗给付
* 醫神日 / 医神日
* 醫科 / 医科 (yīkē)
* 醫經 / 医经
* 醫聖 / 医圣
* 醫肚 / 医肚
* 醫肚皮 / 医肚皮
* 醫藥 / 医药 (yīyào)
* 醫藥分業 / 医药分业
* 醫藥費 / 医药费 (yīyàofèi)
* 醫術 / 医术 (yīshù)
* 醫護 / 医护 (yīhù)
* 醫護人員 / 医护人员
* 醫道 / 医道 (yīdào)
* 醫門法律 / 医门法律
* 醫院 / 医院 (yīyuàn)
* 醫院船 / 医院船
* 野戰醫院 / 野战医院 (yězhàn yīyuàn)
* 開放醫院 / 开放医院
* 預防醫學 / 预防医学

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 医(い) (i)
* → Korean: 의(醫) (ui)
* → Vietnamese: y (醫)

### References

* “醫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 医 |
| Kyūjitai | 醫 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 医)

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i)
* Kan-on: い (i)
* Kun: いやす (iyasu, 醫やす)、くすし (kusushi, 醫)

### Noun

醫(い) • (i)
* medicine

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 醫 (MC 'i).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅴᆼ (Yale: quy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 의 (uy) (Yale: uy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɰi]
* Phonetic hangul: [의]

### Hanja

Wikisource 醫 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui))
* hanja form of 의 (“medicine; doctor”)

#### Compounds

* 군의 (軍醫, gunui)
* 명의 (名醫, myeong'ui)
* 수의 (獸醫, suui)
* 의료 (醫療, uiryo)
* 의사 (醫師, uisa, “doctor”)
* 의술 (醫術, uisul)
* 의원 (醫院, uiwon)
* 의학 (醫學, uihak)
* 주치의 (主治醫, juchiui)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

醫: Hán Nôm readings: y
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* y học 醫學