# 郡

| 郡 | U+90E1, &#37089; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90E1 |
| ← 郠 [U+90E0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 郢 → [U+90E2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

郡 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸口弓中 (SRNL), four-corner 1762$_7$, composition ⿰君阝)

#### Derived characters

* 𠹴, 㴫, 𦄄, 𩺐, 𡩫, 𦵼, 𤹓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1272, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39436
* Dae Jaweon: page 1770, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3775, character 6
* Unihan data for U+90E1

## Chinese

* 郡 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Jun (country subdivision) (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涒 | *l̥ʰuːn |
| 麏 | *krun |
| 莙 | *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun |
| 輑 | *kʰrun |
| 蜠 | *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ |
| 峮 | *kʰrun |
| 窘 | *ɡrunʔ |
| 僒 | *ɡrunʔ |
| 君 | *klun |
| 桾 | *klun |
| 宭 | *klun, *ɡlun |
| 鮶 | *klun |
| 捃 | *kluns |
| 群 | *ɡlun |
| 羣 | *ɡlun |
| 裙 | *ɡlun |
| 裠 | *ɡlun |
| 帬 | *ɡlun |
| 焄 | *qʰlun |
| 郡 | *ɡluns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡluns): semantic ⻏ (“city; town”) + phonetic 君 (OC *klun). It represents one of the ancient local administrative divisions.

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology

Perhaps related to Tibetan ཁུལ (khul, “district; province”) (Gong, 1995).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jùn (jun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwan$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gun$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiùn
    (Hailu, HRS): kiun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giun$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gong$^5$ / guong$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kūn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gung$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ciun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
*** Wade–Giles: chün$^4$
*** Yale: jyùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
*** Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwan$^6$
*** Yale: gwahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gun$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kun³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiun⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiun³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gông
*** Sinological IPA : /kouŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gong$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geōng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn
*** Tâi-lô: kūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kun²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gung$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ciun
*** MiniDict: ciuin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕyn³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: gjunH
Rime :
| Character | 郡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠運切 |
| Baxter | gjunH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ur-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡluns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 郡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jùn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjun$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ur-s/ |
| English | district |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 郡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7302 |
| Phonetic component | 君 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 郡 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡluns/ |

### Definitions

郡
* (historical) An administrative subdivision of imperial China of various status over the centuries, usually translated as commandery or prefecture
* a kind of administrative division
** (in Japan) district (second level division that has no administrative power since 1926, only serves as geographical reference)
** (in North and South Korea) county (second level division covering rural areas)
** (in the UK) shire (former administrative area of Britain)
    柴郡 ― cháijùn ― Cheshire
** (in Vietnam) quận
    第八郡 [Cantonese] ― dai$^6$ baat$^3$ gwan$^6$ [Jyutping] ― District 8
* a surname

#### Related terms

* (governor of the commandery): 郡守 (jùnshǒu), 太守 (tàishǒu)

#### Compounds

* 州郡 (zhōujùn)
* 巴陵郡
* 延平郡王 (Yánpíng Jùnwáng)
* 涿郡 (Zhuō-jùn)
* 蜀郡
* 象郡
* 跨州越郡
* 遙郡 / 遥郡
* 邊郡 / 边郡
* 郡丞
* 郡主 (jùnzhǔ)
* 郡侯
* 郡公 (jùngōng)
* 郡君
* 郡國制 / 郡国制
* 郡守 (jùnshǒu)
* 郡尉
* 郡府
* 郡庠
* 郡望
* 郡王 (jùnwáng)
* 郡縣 / 郡县 (jùnxiàn)
* 郡邑
* 郡馬 / 郡马

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* county
* district

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐん (gun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: くん (kun)
* Kun: こおり (kōri, 郡)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 郡
* ぐん Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 郡 (MC gjunH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐん [gúꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

#### Noun

郡(ぐん) • (gun)
* county, district

##### Synonyms

* 郡(こおり) (kōri)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 郡
* こおり Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 郡 – see the following entry. :
| 【こおり】 | [noun] (archaic) county, district Alternative spelling 評 |
(This term, 郡, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

郡 (eumhun 고을 군 (go'eul gun))
* hanja form of 군 (“county; district”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

郡: Hán Nôm readings: quận, quặn, quấn, quẩn, quạnh
* urban district (quận)