# 郭

| 郭 | U+90ED, &#37101; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90ED |
| ← 郬 [U+90EC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 郮 → [U+90EE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

郭 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜木弓中 (YDNL), four-corner 0742$_7$, composition ⿰享阝)

#### Derived characters

* 㗥, 墎, 㨯, 漷, 㬑, 槨, 䁨, 鞹, 霩, 廓
* 𡻳, 𰒈, 𤍪, 𥕖, 𦗒, 𨎎, 𱗳, 𥂣, 𪅪, 𡻙, 𦹐, 𣍉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1273, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39474
* Dae Jaweon: page 1771, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3780, character 7
* Unihan data for U+90ED

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 郭 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 郭 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
| 崞 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 椁 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 槨 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 廓 | *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 鞹 | *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 漷 | *kʰʷaːɡ, *qʰʷraːɡ |
| 霩 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
The original version on oracle bones shows a tall tower similar to 京 and 高 (< 髙) which perhaps was part of the outer city walls in ancient Chinese cities. At the bottom, there was an enclosed space 囗 to represent city walls or a city in general and another tower.
Later, the tower at the bottom was stylized like the unrelated 子 and the enclosed space was drawn as the unrelated 回. Hence, the whole character was written like 𩫖 and 𩫏. Sometimes, the second variant had the bottom part contracted into 十.
Eventually, 邑 was added to form an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 𩫖 (“tall building”) + 邑 (“city”), hence 𩫩, sometimes simplified into 𨟍 – outer city walls with tall towers.
From clerical script, the 𩫖 became written as the unrelated 享 through the process of libian; the two characters are unrelated.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/r-kawk ~ s/r-kwak (“outer covering; skin, bark, rind”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).

#### “to be none of someone's own business”

    Contraction of 關我／关我 (guān wǒ), short for 關我屁事 / 关我屁事 (guān wǒ pìshì).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guō (guo$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gue$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwok$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kok$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kok
    (Hailu, HRS): gog
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guog$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): guă
* Eastern Min (BUC): guóh / guók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): go$^5$ / gorh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): keh / kerh / koeh / kok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guêh$^4$ / guag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$koq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guō
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guo
*** Wade–Giles: kuo$^1$
*** Yale: gwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
*** Palladius: го (go)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gue$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gue
*** Sinological IPA : /kuɛ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwok$^3$
*** Yale: gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kok$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔk̚³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kok
*** Hakka Romanization System: gog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gog
*** Sinological IPA: /kok⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: guog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuɔk̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guă
*** Sinological IPA : /kua²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guóh / guók
*** Sinological IPA : /kuɔʔ²⁴/, /kuɔʔ²⁴/
* guóh - vernacular (incl. surname);
* guók - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit郭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuo⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kuo⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kuo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kuə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kuə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kuo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kuo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ku⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kuɤ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kue³¹/ /ko³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ko²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ko³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kueʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kuɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kuʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kuəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ko²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ko⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ko²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ko²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kuok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kok̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɔk̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɔk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kwɔk̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kɔk̚³²/ /keʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kuɔʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kua²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kueʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kɔk̚⁵/ /kue⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: kwak
Rime :
| Character | 郭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (104) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古博切 |
| Baxter | kwak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kwɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 郭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guō |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwak › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷˁak/ |
| English | outer wall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 郭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4752 |
| Phonetic component | 郭 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 郭 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

郭
* outer city wall
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Sān lǐ zhī chéng, qī lǐ zhī guō, huán ér gōng zhī ér bù shèng. [Pinyin]
    There is a city, with an inner wall of three li in circumference, and an outer wall of seven. The enemy surround and attack it, but they are not able to take it.
    From: 木蘭詩 (Ballad of Mulan)
    Yéniáng wén nǚ lái, chū guō xiāng fújiāng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) (alt. form 廓) outline
* (～國) (historical) Guo, a minor state that existed during the Zhou dynasty and was conquered by the state of Qi in 670 BCE.
* (Taiwan, Internet slang) to be none of someone's own business; to have nothing to do with someone
* a surname
    郭守敬 ― Guō Shǒujìng ― Guo Shoujing (Yuan dynasty Chinese astronomer)

#### Descendants

* → English: Guo, Kuo, Kwok, Kuok, Quek, Kuek, Kwek
* → Tagalog: Que, Kwok, Guo

### Compounds

* 倚郭
* 倚郭縣 / 倚郭县
* 傅郭
* 北郭
* 北郭先生
* 北郭十友
* 匡郭
* 南郭 (nánguō)
* 南郭先生
* 南郭子綦
* 南郭綦
* 南郭處士 / 南郭处士 (nánguō chǔshì)
* 吳郭魚 / 吴郭鱼 (wúguōyú)
* 周郭
* 四郭
* 坊郭
* 城郭 (chéngguō)
* 城郭國 / 城郭国
* 夏五郭公
* 外郭
* 女郭
* 尺郭
* 山郭
* 崖郭
* 巴音郭楞 (Bāyīnguōléng)
* 市郭
* 帶郭 / 带郭
* 廛郭
* 折巾郭
* 月郭
* 村郭
* 李郭
* 李郭仙
* 李郭仙舟
* 李郭同舟
* 李郭同船
* 李郭舟
* 東郭 / 东郭 (Dōngguō)
* 東郭之疇 / 东郭之畴
* 東郭之跡 / 东郭之迹
* 東郭先生 / 东郭先生 (Dōngguō xiānshēng)
* 東郭履 / 东郭履
* 東郭逡 / 东郭逡
* 柳郭
* 棺郭
* 機郭 / 机郭
* 水郭
* 江郭
* 治郭安邦
* 溢郭
* 溝郭 / 沟郭
* 石郭
* 稜郭 / 棱郭
* 羅郭 / 罗郭
* 耳郭 (ěrguō)
* 膚郭 / 肤郭
* 西郭
* 許郭 / 许郭
* 謝郭 / 谢郭
* 負郭 / 负郭
* 負郭田 / 负郭田
* 負郭相君 / 负郭相君
* 賈郭 / 贾郭
* 赤郭
* 車側郭門 / 车侧郭门
* 輪郭 / 轮郭
* 迎郭伋
* 邊郭 / 边郭
* 邑郭
* 邯鄲郭公 / 邯郸郭公
* 郊郭
* 郛郭
* 郡郭
* 郭亮 (Guōliàng)
* 郭伋待期
* 郭公 (guōgōng)
* 郭公塼 / 郭公砖
* 郭公夏五
* 郭公真人
* 郭公磚 / 郭公砖
* 郭前 (Guōqián)
* 郭勒木德 (Guōlèmùdé)
* 郭圍 / 郭围
* 郭塹 / 郭堑
* 郭家 (Guōjiā)
* 郭家堡
* 郭家金穴
* 郭履
* 郭巨
* 郭巨埋兒 / 郭巨埋儿
* 郭巾
* 郭景飛仙 / 郭景飞仙
* 郭李
* 郭椒
* 郭汾陽 / 郭汾阳
* 郭河 (Guōhé)
* 郭泰巾
* 郭泰碑銘 / 郭泰碑铭
* 郭況穴 / 郭况穴
* 郭泰船
* 郭洛帶 / 郭洛带
* 郭璞之說 / 郭璞之说
* 郭申
* 郭碑
* 郭禿 / 郭秃
* 郭穴
* 郭索
* 郭細侯 / 郭细侯
* 郭舟
* 郭華情罪 / 郭华情罪
* 郭術 / 郭术
* 郭邑
* 郭郎
* 郭郎子
* 郭郛
* 郭里 (Guōlǐ)
* 郭門 / 郭门
* 郭隗宮 / 郭隗宫
* 郭隗尊
* 郭隗臺 / 郭隗台
* 郭隗請始 / 郭隗请始
* 郭隗金
* 郭雀兒 / 郭雀儿
* 郭順時 / 郭顺时
* 鄒郭 / 邹郭 (Zōuguō)
* 鄽郭
* 重來郭伋 / 重来郭伋
* 銅郭 / 铜郭
* 錫林郭勒 / 锡林郭勒 (xīlínguōlè)
* 鐵郭金城 / 铁郭金城
* 鐵郭銅關 / 铁郭铜关
* 附郭 (fùguō)
* 附郭縣 / 附郭县
* 陰郭 / 阴郭
* 青郭
* 靖郭君
* 靖郭氏
* 靜郭君 / 静郭君

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* Quarter (of a city)
* Enclosure

#### Readings

* Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kun: くるわ (kuruwa, 郭)

#### Compounds

* 外郭
* 郭大
* 輪郭

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 郭
* くるわ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 郭 – see the following entry. :
| 【くるわ】 | [noun] [from late 1500s] a palisade, wall, moat, natural waterway, or other structure used to divide a specific area from its surroundings, such as a castle or fort [noun] [probably from early 1600s] the area so bounded by such a structure [noun] [from 1678] a red-light district, specifically one that is divided from the rest of the town by means of a wall or fence or similar structure [noun] [from 1698] (poetry, haiku) in 俳諧 (haikai, “vulgar haiku”), the general realm of subject matter used for the opening line Alternative spellings 曲輪, 廓 |
(This term, 郭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 郭 (MC kwak). Recorded as Middle Korean 곽〮 (kwák) (Yale: kwak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 郭 (eumhun 둘레/성곽 곽 (dulle/seonggwak gwak))
* hanja form of 곽 (“outer city wall; girdle”)
    Synonym: 廓 (곽 (gwak))
* hanja form of 곽 (“a surname”)

#### Compounds

* 내곽 (內郭/內廓, naegwak, “interior”)
* 성곽 (城郭/城廓, seonggwak, “castle walls”)
* 외곽 (外郭/外廓, oegwak, “outskirt”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

郭: Hán Việt readings: quách
郭: Nôm readings: quách, quắt
* chữ Hán form of quách (“sarcophagus, outer coffin; outer wall, as of a city or fort; jar containing human remains for reburial”).
* chữ Hán form of Quách (“a surname”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).