# 勞

| 勞 | U+52DE, &#21214; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52DE |
| ← 勝 [U+52DD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 募 → [U+52DF] |
| 勞 | U+F92F, &#63791; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92F |
| ← 冷 [U+F92E] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 擄 → [U+F930] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 勞 |
| Shinjitai | 労 |
| Simplified | 劳 |

### Han character

勞 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火火月大尸 (FFBKS), four-corner 9942$_7$, composition ⿱𤇾力)

#### Derived characters

* 僗(𫢬) 嘮(唠) 嶗(崂) 憥 憦(𫺘) 撈(捞) 朥(𦛨) 橯(𣓿) 澇(涝) 癆(痨) 磱(𮀤) 簩 耮(耢) 蟧(𮔚) 軂(𬧤) 鐒(铹) 髝 䜎(𬣿) 䲏(𬶗) 𠢸 𡑍(𫭼) 𡡯 𣟽 𤎤(𬝃) 𤏪 𤛮(𤙯) 𤩂(𫞧) 𥢒 𦺜 𧯍 𧰎(鿲) 𨣃(𰼋) 𨲮 𪱌 𫁭 𫃑(𰪿) 𫦸(𫦰) 𭜃 𮭖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2410
* Dae Jaweon: page 335, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 376, character 17
* Unihan data for U+52DE
* Unihan data for U+F92F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 勞
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 勞 | *raːw, *raːws |
| 撈 | *raːw, *reːw |
| 嘮 | *ruːw, *hr'aːw |
| 癆 | *raːw, *raːw, *raːws |
| 簩 | *raːw |
| 蟧 | *raːw, *reːw |
| 憥 | *raːw |
| 澇 | *raːwʔ, *raːws |
| 僗 | *raːws |
| 髝 | *raːws |
| 膋 | *reːw |
| 犖 | *rraːwɢ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): abbreviated 熒 (“shine”) + 力 (“strength”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): láo (lao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lou$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lau$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lò
    (Hailu, HRS): lo
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): lǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): lò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lor$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lô͘ / lô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): le$^5$ / lao$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$lau / $^2$lau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láo
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^2$
*** Yale: láu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
*** Palladius: лао (lao)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^4$
*** Yale: lòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lau²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lò
*** Hakka Romanization System: lo$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lo¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lo
*** Sinological IPA: /lo⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǎu
*** Sinological IPA : /lau²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃o⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lor$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ló̤
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
*** Tâi-lô: lôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loo
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an): /lɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
*** Tâi-lô: lô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: looi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /lo²¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lo²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: le$^5$ / lao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lṳ̂ / lâu
*** Sinological IPA : /lɯ⁵⁵/, /lau⁵⁵/
* le5 - vernacular;
* lao5 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: law
Rime :
| Character | 勞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯刀切 |
| Baxter | law |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /law/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | láo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | láo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ law › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁaw/ |
| English | toil |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 7647 |
| Phonetic component | 勞 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勞 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːw/ |

##### Definitions

勞
* to toil; to do manual labour
* (polite) to trouble; to disturb
* fatigued; tired
* labour; toil; work
* meritorious deed
* labourer; worker
* Used in transcription.
    帕勞／帕劳 ― Pàláo ― Palau
    斯勞／斯劳 ― Sīláo ― Slough
    勞倫斯／劳伦斯 ― Láolúnsī ― Lawrence
    克勞斯／克劳斯 ― Kèláosī ― Klaus
    麥當勞／麦当劳 ― Màidāngláo ― McDonald's
* a surname
    勞崇光／劳崇光 ― Láo Chóngguāng ― Lao Chongguang (Viceroy of Liangguang 1859–1862)

###### Compounds

* 一勞久逸 / 一劳久逸
* 一勞永逸 / 一劳永逸 (yīláoyǒngyì)
* 不勞 / 不劳 (bùláo)
* 不勞而獲 / 不劳而获 (bùláo'érhuò)
* 不敢告勞 / 不敢告劳
* 不辭勞怨 / 不辞劳怨
* 不辭勞苦 / 不辞劳苦 (bùcíláokǔ)
* 不辭辛勞 / 不辞辛劳
* 五勞七傷 / 五劳七伤 (wǔláoqīshāng)
* 以佚待勞 / 以佚待劳
* 代勞 / 代劳
* 以逸待勞 / 以逸待劳 (yǐyìdàiláo)
* 以逸擊勞 / 以逸击劳
* 伯勞 / 伯劳 (bóláo)
* 伯勞飛燕 / 伯劳飞燕
* 伯勞鳥 / 伯劳鸟 (bóláoniǎo)
* 偏勞 / 偏劳 (piānláo)
* 分憂解勞 / 分忧解劳
* 刻苦耐勞 / 刻苦耐劳
* 功勞 / 功劳 (gōngláo)
* 功勞簿 / 功劳簿
* 劬勞 / 劬劳 (qúláo)
* 劬勞顧復 / 劬劳顾复
* 動勞 / 动劳
* 動眾勞師 / 动众劳师
* 勞乏 / 劳乏
* 勞人費馬 / 劳人费马
* 勞什子 / 劳什子 (láoshízi)
* 勞什骨子 / 劳什骨子
* 勞作 / 劳作 (láozuò)
* 勞保 / 劳保 (láobǎo)
* 勞保局 / 劳保局
* 勞倦 / 劳倦
* 勞倫斯 / 劳伦斯 (Láolúnsī)
* 勞傷 / 劳伤
* 勞力 / 劳力 (láolì)
* 勞力士 / 劳力士 (Láolìshì)
* 勞力密集 / 劳力密集
* 勞務 / 劳务 (láowù)
* 勞動 / 劳动
* 勞動保險 / 劳动保险
* 勞務出口 / 劳务出口
* 勞動力 / 劳动力 (láodònglì)
* 勞動契約 / 劳动契约
* 勞動教養 / 劳动教养 (láodòng jiàoyǎng)
* 勞動日 / 劳动日
* 勞動服務 / 劳动服务
* 勞動條件 / 劳动条件 (láodòng tiáojiàn)
* 勞動節 / 劳动节 (láodòngjié)
* 勞動者 / 劳动者 (láodòngzhě)
* 勞勞 / 劳劳 (láoláo)
* 勛勞 / 勋劳
* 勞勞叨叨 / 劳劳叨叨
* 勞嘈 / 劳嘈
* 勞困 / 劳困
* 勞基法 / 劳基法 (láojīfǎ)
* 勞委會 / 劳委会 (láowěihuì)
* 勞尊重 / 劳尊重
* 勞工 / 劳工 (láogōng)
* 勞工問題 / 劳工问题
* 勞工團體 / 劳工团体
* 勞工政策 / 劳工政策
* 勞工教育 / 劳工教育
* 勞工法庭 / 劳工法庭
* 勞工福利 / 劳工福利
* 勞工立法 / 劳工立法
* 勞工管理 / 劳工管理
* 勞工運動 / 劳工运动
* 勞師動眾 / 劳师动众 (láoshīdòngzhòng)
* 勞師襲遠 / 劳师袭远
* 勞形 / 劳形
* 勞役 / 劳役 (láoyì)
* 勞心 / 劳心 (láoxīn)
* 勞心焦思 / 劳心焦思
* 勞心者治人，勞力者治於人 / 劳心者治人，劳力者治于人 (láoxīnzhězhìrén, láolìzhězhìyúrén)
* 勞怯 / 劳怯
* 勞成 / 劳成
* 勞承 / 劳承
* 勞攘 / 劳攘
* 勞改 / 劳改 (láogǎi)
* 勞改場 / 劳改场
* 勞改營 / 劳改营 (láogǎiyíng)
* 勞教 / 劳教 (láojiào)
* 勞斯萊斯 / 劳斯莱斯 (Láosīláisī)
* 勞方 / 劳方 (láofāng)
* 勞步 / 劳步
* 勞民傷財 / 劳民伤财 (láomínshāngcái)
* 勞燕分飛 / 劳燕分飞 (láoyànfēnfēi)
* 勞生 / 劳生
* 勞瘁 / 劳瘁
* 勞發 / 劳发
* 勞碌 / 劳碌 (láolù)
* 勞碌命 / 劳碌命
* 勞神 / 劳神 (láoshén)
* 勞神費力 / 劳神费力 (láoshénfèilì)
* 勞籠 / 劳笼
* 勞累 / 劳累 (láolèi)
* 勞結 / 劳结
* 勞績 / 劳绩 (láojì)
* 勞而無功 / 劳而无功
* 勞臺重 / 劳台重
* 勞苦功高 / 劳苦功高 (láokǔgōnggāo)
* 勞落 / 劳落
* 勞費 / 劳费
* 勞資 / 劳资 (láozī)
* 勞資合作 / 劳资合作
* 勞資爭議 / 劳资争议
* 勞資糾紛 / 劳资纠纷
* 勞資關係 / 劳资关系 (láozī guānxi)
* 勞身焦思 / 劳身焦思
* 勞逸不均 / 劳逸不均
* 勞金 / 劳金
* 勞頓 / 劳顿 (láodùn)
* 勞駕 / 劳驾 (láojià)
* 勤勞 / 勤劳 (qínláo)
* 史特勞斯 / 史特劳斯
* 吃勞金 / 吃劳金
* 吃苦耐勞 / 吃苦耐劳 (chīkǔnàiláo)
* 告勞 / 告劳
* 塵勞 / 尘劳
* 外勞 / 外劳 (wàiláo)
* 外籍勞工 / 外籍劳工
* 夢勞魂想 / 梦劳魂想
* 夢斷魂勞 / 梦断魂劳
* 大陸勞工 / 大陆劳工
* 奉勞 / 奉劳
* 奔波勞碌 / 奔波劳碌
* 好逸惡勞 / 好逸恶劳 (hàoyìwùláo)
* 宣勞 / 宣劳
* 宵旰憂勞 / 宵旰忧劳 (xiāo gàn yōu láo)
* 宵旰焦勞 / 宵旰焦劳
* 帶甲之勞 / 带甲之劳
* 年勞 / 年劳
* 徒勞 / 徒劳 (túláo)
* 徒勞往返 / 徒劳往返
* 徒勞無功 / 徒劳无功 (túláowúgōng)
* 徒勞無益 / 徒劳无益
* 心勞意冗 / 心劳意冗
* 心勞意攘 / 心劳意攘
* 心勞日拙 / 心劳日拙 (xīnláorìzhuō)
* 思勞 / 思劳
* 恤勞 / 恤劳
* 意攘心勞 / 意攘心劳
* 憂勞 / 忧劳
* 憚勞 / 惮劳
* 打勤勞 / 打勤劳
* 操勞 / 操劳 (cāoláo)
* 效勞 / 效劳 (xiàoláo)
* 施勞 / 施劳
* 旰食之勞 / 旰食之劳
* 暫勞永逸 / 暂劳永逸
* 有勞 / 有劳 (yǒuláo)
* 有勞有逸 / 有劳有逸
* 案牘勞形 / 案牍劳形
* 案牘勞煩 / 案牍劳烦
* 民勞 / 民劳
* 汗馬之勞 / 汗马之劳
* 汗馬功勞 / 汗马功劳 (hànmǎgōngláo)
* 汗馬勛勞 / 汗马勋劳
* 沙勞越 / 沙劳越
* 泰國勞工 / 泰国劳工
* 焦勞 / 焦劳
* 焦心勞思 / 焦心劳思
* 煩勞 / 烦劳 (fánláo)
* 犬馬之勞 / 犬马之劳 (quǎnmǎzhīláo)
* 生我劬勞 / 生我劬劳
* 用逸待勞 / 用逸待劳
* 當勞之急 / 当劳之急
* 疲勞 / 疲劳 (píláo)
* 疲勞試驗 / 疲劳试验
* 疲勞轟炸 / 疲劳轰炸 (píláohōngzhà)
* 疲勞限 / 疲劳限
* 白領勞工 / 白领劳工
* 神勞形瘁 / 神劳形瘁
* 積勞 / 积劳
* 積勞成疾 / 积劳成疾 (jīláochéngjí)
* 積勞成病 / 积劳成病
* 空勞 / 空劳
* 空勞神思 / 空劳神思
* 紅尾伯勞 / 红尾伯劳
* 罷勞 / 罢劳
* 美勞 / 美劳
* 耐勞 / 耐劳 (nàiláo)
* 能者多勞 / 能者多劳 (néngzhěduōláo)
* 舉手之勞 / 举手之劳 (jǔshǒuzhīláo)
* 舟車勞頓 / 舟车劳顿 (zhōuchēláodùn)
* 虛勞 / 虚劳
* 蚊虻之勞 / 蚊虻之劳
* 計勞納封 / 计劳纳封
* 費力勞心 / 费力劳心
* 費心勞力 / 费心劳力
* 費財勞民 / 费财劳民
* 賢勞 / 贤劳
* 車馬之勞 / 车马之劳
* 辛勞 / 辛劳 (xīnláo)
* 逸以待勞 / 逸以待劳
* 過勞死 / 过劳死 (guòláosǐ)
* 酬勞 / 酬劳 (chóuláo)
* 金屬疲勞 / 金属疲劳
* 阿保之勞 / 阿保之劳
* 鞍馬勞倦 / 鞍马劳倦
* 鞍馬勞神 / 鞍马劳神
* 鞍馬勞頓 / 鞍马劳顿 (ānmǎláodùn)
* 風塵勞攘 / 风尘劳攘
* 麥當勞 / 麦当劳 (Màidāngláo)

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): láo, lào
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ, ㄌㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^6$ / lou$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lor$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lō
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láo
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^2$
*** Yale: láu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
*** Palladius: лао (lao)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lào
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lào
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^4$
*** Yale: làu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: law
*** Palladius: лао (lao)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^6$ / lou$^4$
*** Yale: louh / lòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^6$ / lou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^6$ / lou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯²²/, /lou̯²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lor$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō
*** Tâi-lô: lō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lo²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lo⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lo³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ³³/
* Middle Chinese: lawH
Rime :
| Character | 勞 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 郎到切 |
| Baxter | lawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /law$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaw-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːws/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勞 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ law$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁaw-s/ |
| English | to reward for toil |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勞 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 7657 |
| Phonetic component | 勞 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嫪 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːws/ |

##### Definitions

勞
* to encourage; to console
    唁勞／唁劳 ― yànláo ― to offer condolences

###### Compounds

* 勞來 / 劳来
* 勞師 / 劳师
* 勞民 / 劳民
* 勞苦 / 劳苦
* 勞軍 / 劳军 (láojūn)
* 勞軍團 / 劳军团
* 勞農 / 劳农 (láonóng)
* 唁勞 / 唁劳
* 存勞 / 存劳
* 慰勞 / 慰劳
* 燕勞 / 燕劳
* 犒勞 / 犒劳 (kàoláo)
* 羔酒自勞 / 羔酒自劳
* 賞勞 / 赏劳 (shǎngláo)

### Etymology 2

From English Rolex. Orthography from 勞力士／劳力士.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^1$
*** Yale: lōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

勞
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) Rolex watch (Classifier: 隻／只 c)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 労 |
| Kyūjitai | 勞 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 労)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)
* Kun: いたずき (itazuki, 勞き)、いたわる (itawaru, 勞る)、つかれる (tsukareru, 勞れる)、ねぎらう (negirau, 勞う)

## Korean
### Hanja

勞 (eumhun 일할 로 (ilhal ro), word-initial (South Korea) 일할 노 (ilhal no))
* hanja form of 로/노 (“work”)

#### Compounds

* 노동 (勞動, nodong, “labour”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

勞: Hán Nôm readings: lao, lau, lạo, rạo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.