# muda
## English
### Etymology

From Japanese 無駄.

### Noun

muda (uncountable)
* (business) A form of waste, or deviation from optimal allocation of resources, that occurs when work is performed that does not add value for the customer.
    Coordinate terms: mura, muri

### Anagrams

* Damu, Duma, Maud, duma, maud

## Asturian
### Verb

muda
* inflection of mudar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Balinese
### Romanization

muda
* Romanization of ᬫᬸᬤ
* Romanization of ᬫᬹᬥ

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Compare Tagalog mura.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuda/ [ˈmu.d̪a]
* Hyphenation: mu‧da

### Noun

múda (Basahan spelling ᜋᜓᜇ)
* swear word; curse word
    Synonym: raway

#### Derived terms

* magmuda
* mudahon

## Brunei Malay
### Etymology

From Pali muddha (“foolish, bewildered”), from Sanskrit मुग्ध (mugdha, “foolish, bewildered, young”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muda/
* Hyphenation: mu‧da

### Adjective

muda
* young (age of a living being)
* light (shade of colour)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “age”): tua (“old”) (living being)
* (antonym(s) of “colour”): tua (“dark”)

#### Coordinate terms

* (age): baru (“new”) (non-living being)

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈmu.ðə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈmu.ða]

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from mudar.

#### Noun

muda f (plural mudes)
* change, changing
* change of clothes
* moult, moulting
    Synonym: pèl-muda

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

muda
* inflection of mudar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

muda
* feminine singular of mut

### Further reading

* “muda” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Verb

muda
* inflection of mudar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* moeda (1901–1947)

### Etymology

From Malay muda (“young”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈmuda/ [ˈmu.da]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uda
* Syllabification: mu‧da

### Adjective

muda (superlative termuda)
* young
    Synonyms: anom, belia, mentah, remaja, yunior, yuvenil, yuwana
* light (colour)
* unripe

#### Derived terms

* bermuda
* bermuda-muda
* kemuda-mudaan
* kemudaan
* kepemudaan
* mempermuda
* memudakan
* pemuda
* semuda
* termuda
* muda belia
* muda bestari
* muda hati
* muda lela
* muda mentah
* muda mudi
* muda pikiran
* muda remaja

### Further reading

* “muda” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmu.da/
* Rhymes: -uda
* Hyphenation: mù‧da

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from mudare (“to moult”) +‎ -a.

#### Noun

muda f (plural mude)
* moult (of a bird)

##### Related terms

* mudare
* muta

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

muda
* inflection of mudare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Japanese
### Romanization

muda
* Rōmaji transcription of むだ
* Rōmaji transcription of ムダ

## Javanese
### Romanization

muda
* Romanization of ꦩꦸꦢ

## Karelian
### Alternative forms

* (Northern) muta

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muta, from Proto-Uralic *muďa.

### Noun

muda
* (Southern) mud

## Ladin
### Verb

muda
* inflection of muder:
** third-person singular present indicative
** third-person plural present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muda (“young (of fruits); immature; light (of colors)”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Tongan mula (“(of yam) lower end while still soft and juicy (as it is while the yam is still immature)”); also compare Amis molaʔ (“immature, unlearned, uneducated, childish, without experience”) from Proto-Austronesian *mudaq).
Or from Pali muddha (“foolish, bewildered”), from Sanskrit मुग्ध (mugdha, “foolish, bewildered, young”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muda/
* Rhymes: -uda, -da, -a

### Adjective

muda (Jawi spelling مودا)
* young
    Antonym: tua
    Orang muda ― Young person
* light (colour)
    Synonym: terang
    Antonyms: tua, gelap, pekat
    Biru muda ― Light blue
* unripe
    Antonyms: masak, tua
    Manggis muda ― Unripe mangosteen

#### Derived terms

* muda-muda
* pemuda
* semuda
* semuda-muda
* termuda

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: muda (inherited)

### References

* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*muda”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*mudaq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Further reading

* “muda” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmu.dɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmu.dɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈmu.da/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈmu.dɐ/ [ˈmu.ðɐ]
* Hyphenation: mu‧da

### Etymology 1

From Latin mūtam, accusative feminine form of mūtus.

#### Adjective

muda
* feminine singular of mudo

#### Noun

muda f (plural mudas)
* female equivalent of mudo

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese muda, deverbal from mudar.

#### Noun

muda f (plural mudas)
* seedling
* (zoology, entomology) ecdysis, moult
    Synonym: ecdise

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

muda
* inflection of mudar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

muda
* inflection of múdo:
** genitive singular
** nominative/genitive/accusative/vocative plural

## Sicilian
### Adjective

muda f sg
* feminine singular of mudu

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuda/ [ˈmu.ð̞a]
* Rhymes: -uda
* Syllabification: mu‧da

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from mudar. Cognate with English moult.

#### Noun

muda f (plural mudas)
* a change (of clothes, especially underpants)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

muda f (plural mudas)
* female equivalent of mudo (“mute”)

#### Adjective

muda
* feminine singular of mudo

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

muda
* inflection of mudar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “muda”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Alternative forms

* mda

### Etymology

From Arabic مُدَّة (mudda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmu.ɗɑ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

muda class III (plural miuda class IV)
* term, period (of time)

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muta.

### Noun

muda
* slurry, dredge

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “взвесь”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika