# parco
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpar.ko/
* Rhymes: -arko
* Hyphenation: pàr‧co

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin parcus.

#### Adjective

parco (feminine parca, masculine plural parchi, feminine plural parche)
* frugal, moderate, temperate, sparing
    Synonyms: frugale, parsimonioso, sobrio
    Antonyms: dissoluto, sprecone

##### Derived terms

* parcamente
* parchezza

##### References

* parco$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

From Old French parc. First attested in the 14th c.

#### Noun

parco m (plural parchi)
* park, garden
    Synonyms: area verde, giardino, riserva, verde pubblico

##### Descendants

* → Greek: πάρκο (párko)
* → Sardinian: parcu

##### References

* parco$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “parque”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 407

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

parco
* first-person singular present indicative of parcare

### Anagrams

* -carpo, capro, carpo, carpo-, copra, porca

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpar.koː/, [ˈpärkoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpar.ko/, [ˈpärko]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *pe-arkō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off”) + *h₂erk- (“to hold, guard”) (whence arceō). See also parcus.
Others make it cognate with Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós, “rare”), English spare.

#### Verb

parcō (present infinitive parcere, perfect active pepercī or parsī, supine parsum); third conjugation
* (+ dative or accusative) to spare, save up, economise
    Synonym: reservo
* (figuratively, + dative) to forgive someone, have mercy for, to be lenient to
    Synonyms: ignōscō, āmittō, remittō, dōnō, dīmittō, perdōnō, condōnō
** c. 50 BCE, Publilius Syrus, Sententiae :Bonīs nocet quisquis pepercit malīs.He does harm to the good, whoever has been lenient to the bad
** Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti :victorque omnibus veniam petentibus civibus peperci.... and victorious, I spared all the citizens desiring pardon.
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:Non aetate confectis, non mulieribus, non infantibus peperceruntThey spared neither old men, women, or children
* to let alone, omit
    Synonyms: praetereō, omittō, permittō, āmittō, remittō, neglegō
* (+ dative or a/ab + ablative) to refrain, abstain, avoid
    Synonyms: ēvādō, ēlūdō, vītō, ēvītō, dētrectō, refugiō, exeō, āversor, abstineō, dēclīnō, fugiō
    Antonyms: dēstinō, intendō, tendō, petō, quaerō, affectō, studeō, spectō, circumspiciō

##### Conjugation

* Perfect parsī is ante-Classical or post-Classical. Perfect parcuī and future participle parcitūrus are found rarely.
$^1$At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

##### Derived terms

* comparcō, compercō, compescō
* parcimōnia, parsimōnia

##### Descendants

* Italian: parcere
* → Basque: barkatu
* → Spanish: parcir

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

parcō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of parcus

### References

* parco in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* “parco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “parco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* parco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere to incur few expenses: sumptui parcere (Fam. 16. 4)
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin parcus.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpaʁ.ku/ [ˈpah.ku]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpaʁ.ku/ [ˈpah.ku]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈpaɾ.ku/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpaʁ.ku/ [ˈpaχ.ku]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpaɻ.ko/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpaɾ.ku/
* Hyphenation: par‧co

### Adjective

parco (feminine parca, masculine plural parcos, feminine plural parcas)
* scarce
    Synonym: escasso
    Antonym: abundante
** 1977, Clarice Lispector, A hora da estrela [The Hour of the Star]:Aliás o material de que disponho é parco e singelo demais, as informações sobre os personagens são poucas e não muito elucidativas, informações essas que penosamente me vêm de mim para mim mesmo, é trabalho de carpintaria.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* parsimonious, thrifty, economical, frugal
    Synonyms: parcimonioso, econômico

### References

* ↑ “parco”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “parco”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin parcus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaɾko/ [ˈpaɾ.ko]
* Rhymes: -aɾko
* Syllabification: par‧co

### Adjective

parco (feminine parca, masculine plural parcos, feminine plural parcas)
* frugal
    Synonym: frugal

### Further reading

* “parco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10