OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# دمع
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From the root د م ع (d m ʕ). Compare Hebrew דִּמְעָה (dim'á, dimʿā) and Ugaritic 𐎄𐎎𐎓 (dmʿ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damʕ/

#### Noun

دَمْع • (damʕ) m (collective, singulative دَمْعَة f (damʕa), plural دُمُوع (dumūʕ) or أَدْمُع (ʔadmuʕ))
* tears
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:83:وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ تَرَىٰ أَعْيُنَهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ ٱلدَّمْعِ مِمَّا عَرَفُوا مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّwaʔiḏā samiʕū mā ʔunzila ʔilā r-rasūli tarā ʔaʕyunahum tafīḍu mina d-damʕi mimmā ʕarafū mina l-ḥaqqi(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, ضَيْفٌ أَلَمَّ بِرَأْسِي غَيْرَ مُحْتَشِمِ (ḍayfun ʔalamma biraʔsī ḡayra muḥtašimi)‎:قَبَّلْتُهَا وَدُمُوعِي مَزْجُ أَدْمُعِهَا // وَقَبَّلَتْنِي عَلَى خَوْفٍ فَمًا لِفَمِ فَذُقْتُ مَاءَ حَيَاةٍ مِنْ مُقَبَّلِهَا // لَوْ صَابَ تُرْبًا لَأَحْيَا سَالِفَ الْأُمَمِqabbaltuhā wadumūʕī mazju ʔadmuʕihā // waqabbalatnī ʕalā ḵawfin faman lifami faḏuqtu māʔa ḥayātin min muqabbalihā // law ṣāba turban laʔaḥyā sālifa l-ʔumamiI kissed her, and my tears mixed with hers, // and she kissed me timidly, mouth to mouth. I tasted the water of life from her kiss, // which may revive the ancestors, if it hit the earth.
** 13th Century CE, Al-Busiri, Qasīdat al-Burda:
    أَمِنْ تَذَكُّرِ جِيرَانٍ بِذِي سَلَمِ مَزَجْتَ دَمْعًا جَرَى مِنْ مُقْلَةٍ بِدَمِʔamin taḏakkuri jīrānin biḏī salami mazajta damʕan jarā min muqlatin bidamiIs it because of your remembrance of the neighbours of Dhi-salam that tears mixed with blood are flowing

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.ma.ʕa/

#### Verb

دَمَعَ • (damaʕa) I (non-past يَدْمَعُ (yadmaʕu), verbal noun دَمْع (damʕ) or دَمَعَان (damaʕān))
* to tear (to produce tears)

##### Conjugation
### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “دمع”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic دَمَّعَ (dammaʕa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dam.maʕ/

#### Verb

دَمَّع • (dammaʕ) II (non-past يِدَمِّع (yidammiʕ))
* to tear (to produce tears)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic دَمْع (damʕ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damʕ/

#### Noun

دمع • (damʕ) m (collective, singulative دَمْعة f (damʕa), plural دَمْعات (damʕāt))
* tears

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَمَعَ (damaʕa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dmaʕ/

### Verb

دمع • (dmaʕ) I (non-past يدمع (yidmaʕ))
* to tear (to produce tears)

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.
# طال
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤaː.la/

### Verb

طَالَ • (ṭāla) I (non-past يَطُولُ (yaṭūlu), verbal noun طُول (ṭūl))
* to be long, last long, stretch to a great extent
    طَالَ بِهِ ٱلزَّمَنُ. ― ṭāla bihi z-zamanu. ― The time was long to him.
    طَالَ بِهِمُ ٱلْوُقُوفُ.ṭāla bihimu l-wuqūfu.They stood for a long time.(literally, “The standing was long to them.”)
* to be or last too long
* to be tall

#### Related terms

* طَالَمَا (ṭālamā, “often”)

### Verb

طَالَ • (ṭāla) I (non-past يَطُولُ (yaṭūlu), verbal noun طُول (ṭūl))
* to benefit, to bestow favors on [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’]
* (transitive) to reach (an area) (e.g. of bombs)
* (transitive) to surpass in length or tallness
* to overcome, to be superior to [with accusative or عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’]

#### Conjugation
### References

* “طال” in Almaany
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “طال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# اقترض
## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare قَرَضَ (qaraḍa, “to lend money”).

### Verb

اِقْتَرَضَ • (iqtaraḍa) VIII (non-past يَقْتَرِضُ (yaqtariḍu), verbal noun اِقْتِرَاض (iqtirāḍ))
* to borrow money, take a loan (مِن (min, “from”))
    اِقْتَرَضَ عِرْضَهُ ― iqtaraḍa ʕirḍahu ― he defamed him

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “اقترض”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “اقترض”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# blood diamond
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

blood diamond (plural blood diamonds)
* A diamond that has been mined in a war zone and sold to finance the conflict.
    Synonym: conflict diamond
** 2011 July 11, Erin Banco, “Is Your Cell Phone Fueling Civil War in Congo?”, in The Atlantic‎:Several certification systems already exist throughout the world. The Kimberly Process certifies the origin of rough diamonds from areas that have conflict-free diamond production. The process aims to prevent “blood diamonds.”
# صدفة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤud.fa/, /sˤid.fa/

#### Noun

صُدْفَة or صِدْفَة • (ṣudfa or ṣidfa) f (plural صُدَف (ṣudaf) or صُدُفَات (ṣudufāt) or صُدْفَات (ṣudfāt) or صِدَف (ṣidaf) or صِدْفَات (ṣidfāt))
* chance (accidental occurrence), accident, coincidence
    صُدْفَةً ― ṣudfatan ― by chance, accidentally
    بِصُدْفَة ― bi-ṣudfa ― by chance, accidentally
* chance meeting

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: sadfa

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صدفة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صدف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.da.fa/

#### Noun

صَدَفَة • (ṣadafa) f (singulative, collective صَدَف m (ṣadaf), plural أَصْدَاف (ʔaṣdāf))
* shell, seashell
* pearl oyster
* shell-like cavity
* cavity of the ear

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صدفة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صدفة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صدف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic صُدْفَة (ṣudfa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤud.fa/

#### Noun

صدفة • (ṣudfa) f (plural صدف (ṣudaf))
* chance (accidental occurrence), accident, coincidence

##### Derived terms

* بصدفة (b-ṣudfa)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic صَدَفَة (ṣadafa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤad.fa/

#### Noun

صدفة • (ṣadfa) f (plural صدافي (ṣdāfi) or صدفات (ṣadfāt))
* button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صُدْفَة (ṣudfa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤud.fe/, [ˈsˤʊdˤ.fe]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

صدفة • (ṣudfe) f
* chance (unexpected occurrence), coincidence

#### Derived terms

* بالصدفة (biṣ-ṣudfe, “by chance”)
# صعد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Compare Hebrew צַעַד (tsaʿad).

#### Verb

صَعِدَ • (ṣaʕida) I (non-past يَصْعَدُ (yaṣʕadu), verbal noun صُعُود (ṣuʕūd) or صَعَد (ṣaʕad) or صُعُد (ṣuʕud))
* (intransitive) to go up, to ascend, to rise
    صَعَدَ وَحَبَطَ ― ṣaʕada waḥabaṭa ― to rise and fall
* (transitive or intransitive) to mount, to ascend, to climb [with accusative or إِلَى (ʔilā) or فِي (fī) ‘something’]
* (intransitive) to climb aboard [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘a tram, streetcar, etc.’]
* (intransitive) to lead, to make ascend [with بِ (bi) ‘someone’ and إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘up to somewhere’]

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صعد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

صَعَّدَ • (ṣaʕʕada) II (non-past يُصَعِّدُ (yuṣaʕʕidu), verbal noun تَصْعِيد (taṣʕīd))
* to ascend, to climb, to mount [with فِي (fī) or عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘something’]
* (transitive) to cause (someone/something) to rise or go up, to send (someone/something) up
* (transitivend, construed فِي (fī) or عَلَى (ʕalā)) to cause [with accusative ‘someone’, along with accusative or فِي (fī) or عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘to ascend or climb something’]
    صَعَّدَهُ جَبَلًا ― ṣaʕʕadahu jabalan ― He made him climb a mountain
    يُصَعِّدُونَهَا فِي الْجَبَلِyuṣaʕʕidūnahā fī l-jabaliThey make them (e.g. cows) climb the mountain
* (transitive) to melt (fat, etc.)
* (transitive, chemistry) to sublimate (something)
* (transitive) to (cause to) evaporate, to vaporize (something)
* (transitive) to expand, to grow (something)
* (transitive) to utter (a sigh, a wail, a groan, etc.)
* to draw (breath)

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صعد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

صُعْد • (ṣuʕd) m
* top, the top part

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

صَعَد • (ṣaʕad) m
* verbal noun of صَعِدَ (ṣaʕida, “to go up, ascend”) (form I)
* going up, ascending
* mounting, climbing
* terrible punishment, pain, torture

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

صُعُد • (ṣuʕud) m
* verbal noun of صَعِدَ (ṣaʕida, “to go up, ascend”) (form I)
* going up, ascending
* mounting, climbing

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 6
#### Adjective

صَعْد • (ṣaʕd) (feminine صَعْدَة (ṣaʕda))
* high

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# إي
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔiː/

### Particle

إِي • (ʔī)
* Used with وَ (wa) followed by a word referring to God, to make an oath that expresses agreement.
    إِي وَرَبِّي إِنَّكَ عَلَى حَقٍّʔī wa-rabbī ʔinnaka ʕalā ḥaqqinYes, by God, you are right.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 10:53:وَيَسْتَنْبِئُونَكَ أَحَقٌّ هُوَ قُلْ إِي وَرَبِّي إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَwayastanbiʔūnaka ʔaḥaqqun huwa qul ʔī warabbī ʔinnahu laḥaqqun wamā ʔantum bimuʕjizīnaAnd they ask thee to inform them: "Is it true?" Say: "Yes, by my Lord, verily it is true, and ye cannot escape."

### Adverb

إِي • (ʔī)
* yes
    Synonyms: نَعَم (naʕam), يَه (yah)

## Tunisian Arabic
### Adverb

إي (ey)
* yes
# أثار
## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare ثَوْرَة (ṯawra, “revolution”).

### Verb

أَثَارَ • (ʔaṯāra) IV (non-past يُثِيرُ (yuṯīru), verbal noun إِثَارَة (ʔiṯāra))
* to arouse, to incite, to stimulate
    شيء غريب أو غير متوفر على الفور يثير شعوراً بالدهشة والذهول لدى من يعتزون به.Something strange or not immediately available arouses a sense of wonder and amazement in those who cherish it.
* to excite, to rouse; to provoke, to stir, to stir up, to spark (a tumult or quarrel)
    الحرق أثار ذلك غضبًا. ― The burning sparked outrage.
    أثار العثور على إنجيل برنابا جدلاً واختلافاً بين علماء العقائد الإبراهيمية.The discovery of the Gospel of Barnabas has stirred controversy and disagreement among scholars of Abrahamic faiths.
** 1992, Biblica, New Arabic Version [Kitab El Hayat] (NAV), Acts 24:5:وَجَدْنَا هَذَا الْمُتَّهَمَ مُخَرِّباً، يُثِيرُ الْفِتْنَةَ بَيْنَ جَمِيعِ الْيَهُودِ فِي الْبِلادِ كُلِّهَا، وَهُوَ يَتَزَعَّمُ مَذْهَبَ النَّصَارَىwajadnā haḏā l-muttahama muḵarriban, yuṯīru l-fitnata bayna jamīʕi l-yahūdi fī l-bilādi kullihā, wahuwa yatazaʕʕamu maḏhaba l-nnaṣārāWe found this accused man to be a saboteur, stirring up discord among all the Jews in the entire land. He spearheads the sect of the Nazarenes.
* to raise, to bring up (an issue, question)
** 2017 November 15, “روسيا تصف اتهامات مدريد لها بالتدخل في كاتالونيا بـ"الهستيريا"”, in Al-Quds‎, archived from the original on 15 November 2017:وأثارت اسبانيا الاثنين مسألة "المعلومات المضللة والتلاعب" الصادرة من روسيا خلال أزمة استقلال كاتالونيا في اجتماع لوزراء خارجية ودفاع الاتحاد الأوروبي.Spain on Monday raised the issue of “disinformation and manipulation” coming from Russia during the Catalonia independence crisis at a meeting of European Union foreign and defence ministers.
* to irritate (a wound)
* (obsolete) to plough

#### References

* Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “أثار”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ثور”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ثور”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# حتما
## Arabic
### Etymology

Adverbial accusative of حَتْم (ḥatm, “ultimate verdict”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħat.man/

### Adverb

حَتْمًا • (ḥatman)
* necessarily, decidedly, without fail

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* حتمن (hatman) (nonstandard, proscribed)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَتْمًا (ḥatman, “necessarily”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [hat.man]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hät̪.män]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hät̪.män]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔät̪.män]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔät̪.män]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæt̪.mæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hät̪.män]

### Adverb

حتماً • (hatman)
* certainly, necessarily, surely
    حتماً آنجاست. ― hatman ânjâ-st. ― it's surely there; it must be there.
# أوي
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

أُوِيّ • (ʔuwiyy) m
* verbal noun of أَوَى (ʔawā) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

أُوِيَ • (ʔuwiya) (form I) /ʔu.wi.ja/
* third-person masculine singular past passive of أَوَى (ʔawā)

## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* اوي (awi) (alternative spelling)
* قوي (gawi) (rural)

### Etymology

From Arabic قَوِيّ (qawiyy, “strong”).

### Adjective

أوي • (awi) (feminine أوية (awiyya), masculine plural أوين (awiyyīn))
* strong

### Adverb

أوي • (awi)
* really, so
    شكلها وحش أوي ― šaklaha wiḥiš awi ― It looks so bad

### Related terms

* قوى (awa, “to toughen up”)
* قوّى (awwa, “to strengthen, to bolster”)
* استقوى (istaʔwa, “to find strong”)
# رواح
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of رَاحَ (rāḥa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.waːħ/
* Rhymes: -aːħ

### Noun

رَوَاح • (rawāḥ) m
* verbal noun of رَاحَ (rāḥa) (form I)
* evening, time between sunset and night
    Synonym: عَشِيِّ (ʕašiyyi)
    Coordinate terms: صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ), صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
    يَا أَبَا ذَر: مَا مِن صَبَاحٍ وَلَا رَوَاحٍ إِلَّا وَبِقَاع الَارْضِ يُنَادِي بَعْضَهَا بَعْضَاOh Abu Dharr! No morning or evening pass without every corner on earth calling one another. (part of a Hadith)
* evening journey
    Coordinate term: غُدُوّ (ḡuduww)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 34:12:وَلِسُلَيْمَـٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌۭ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌۭ ۖAnd to Solomon ˹We subjected˺ the wind: its morning stride was a month’s journey and so was its evening stride.

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَوَاح (rawāḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾa.ˈwɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rä.wɑ́ːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rä.wɑ́ːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rä.wɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rä.wɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹæ.vɒ́ːʰ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾä.vɔ́ʱ]

### Noun

رواح • (ravâh)
* (obsolete) evening
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 98”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:لب چو آب حیات تو هست قوت جان وجود خاکی ما را از اوست ذکر رواحlab-i čū āb-i hayāt-i tu hast quwwat-i jān wujūd-i xākī-yi mā rā az ō-st zikr-i rawāhYour lips like the Water of Life are the strength of my soul; The evening mystical prayers of my earthly being are from them.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “رواح”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# فردة
## Arabic
### Adjective

فَرْدَة • (farda) f
* feminine singular of فَرْد (fard)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فَرْدَة (farda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /far.da/

### Noun

فردة • (farda) f (plural فردات (fardāt))
* one of a pair
    تودرت لي الفردة الاخرى د السباط.twaddart li l-farda l-uḵra d es-subbāṭ.The other shoe is missing.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فَرْدَة (farda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /far.de/, [ˈfar.de]
* IPA: /far.da/, [ˈfar.da]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

فردة • (farde) f (plural فردات (fardāt))
* one of a pair, one half of a couple
    فردة كندرة ― fardet kundara ― a (single) shoe
# تطلب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Verb

تَطَلَّبَ • (taṭallaba) V (non-past يَتَطَلَّبُ (yataṭallabu), verbal noun تَطَلُّب (taṭallub))
* to necessitate, to have as requirement
    يَتَطَلَّبُ ٱلْعَمَلُ ٱلْجَمَاعِيُّ تَنْسِيقًا وَتَعَاوُنًا بَيْنَ ٱلْأَعْضَاءِ.yataṭallabu l-ʕamalu l-jamāʕiyyu tansīqan wataʕāwunan bayna l-ʔaʕḍāʔi.Teamwork requires coordination and cooperation among members.
* to require
    تُوافِق على تخزين ملفّات تعريف الارتباط التي لا تتطلّب المُوافقة على جِهازك.You agree to store cookies that do not require consent on your device.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Noun

تَطَلُّب • (taṭallub) m (plural تَطَلُّبَات (taṭallubāt))
* verbal noun of تَطَلَّبَ (taṭallaba) (form V); requirement

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

تطلب (form I)
* تَطْلُبُ (taṭlubu) /tatˤ.lu.bu/: inflection of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تُطْلَبُ (tuṭlabu) /tutˤ.la.bu/: inflection of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
* تَطْلُبَ (taṭluba) /tatˤ.lu.ba/: inflection of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive
* تُطْلَبَ (tuṭlaba) /tutˤ.la.ba/: inflection of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive
* تَطْلُبْ (taṭlub) /tatˤ.lub/: inflection of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تُطْلَبْ (tuṭlab) /tutˤ.lab/: inflection of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive
# غب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Verb

غَبَّ • (ḡabba) I (non-past يَغُبُّ (yaḡubbu), verbal noun غِبّ (ḡibb))
* to come on alternate days upon
* vulgar form of عَبَّ (ʕabba, “to gulp”)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Noun

غِبّ • (ḡibb) m
* verbal noun of غَبَّ (ḡabba) (form I), visit per interval, arrival in an alternating fashion
    حُمَّى الْغِبّ ― ḥummā l-ḡibb ― tertian fever
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 7, Art. 21, page 286:ثُمَّ يُسْقَى غِبًّا يُسْقَى يَوْمًا وَيُتْرَكُ يَوْمًاṯumma yusqā ḡibban yusqā yawman wayutraku yawmanThen one irrigates alternatingly, one irrigates one day and desists from it the other.
* end, outcome, fine, result, output
** 2019 May 9, الشيخ : محمد بن سليمان المحيسني, “عاقبة اللواط”, in الخطباء‎:ولقد ظهرت واتضحت نتائج سوء التربية، وحصد الذين أهملوا في السابق غِبَّ هذا الإهمال، كما شاهد الجميع آثار ذلك على بعض الشباب.The results of bad upbringing became patent, and he who has been heedless in the past reaped the output of heedlessness, like everyone witnesses its spoors on a deal of the youth.

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.3
#### Preposition

غِبَّ • (ḡibba)
* after, following in time

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

غُبّ • (ḡubb) m (plural غُبُوب (ḡubūb) or أَغْبَاب (ʔaḡbāb))
* depressed terrain
* (Yemen) bosom of the sea, gulf

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: ghuba

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

غِبْ • (ḡib) (form I) /ɣib/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of غَابَ (ḡāba)
# كاد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

A root ك و د (k w d) hasn’t developed. The term is suggested as a borrowing from Old South Arabian 𐩫𐩵 (kd, “to almost do”, form I), related to 𐩫𐩵 (kd, “to treacherously endanger; to start a prosecution against”, form II).

#### Verb

كَادَ • (kāda) I (non-past يَكَادُ (yakādu), verbal noun كَوْد (kawd) or مَكَاد (makād) or مَكَادَة (makāda))
* to almost do something (with following non-past or with أَن (ʔan) + subjunctive)
    Synonyms: أَوْشَكَ (ʔawšaka), (rare) كَرَبَ (karaba)
    كِدْتُ أَذْهَبُ ― kidtu ʔaḏhabu ― I almost went
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:20:يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْyakādu l-barqu yaḵṭafu ʔabṣārahumIt is as if the lightning almost snatched away their sight.
* to hardly do something (negated, with following non-past)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:71:فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَfaḏabaḥūhā wamā kādū yafʕalūnaThey slaughtered her, but they hardly brought themselves to do it.
* as soon as (negated, with following non-past)

##### References

* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1126
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 69a
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كاد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 941b
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كود”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 900
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “كود”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 991

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

كَادَ • (kāda) I (non-past يَكِيدُ (yakīdu), verbal noun كَيْد (kayd) or مَكِيدَة (makīda))
* to plot, to scheme [with لِ (li) ‘against someone/something’]
* to plan or intend to commit crime

##### Conjugation
#### References

* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 73b
# إنجيلي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Nisba of إِنْجِيل (ʔinjīl, “gospel”), from Classical Syriac ܐܘܢܓܠܝܐ (ʾesṭrangēlā, “gospel”).

### Noun

إِنْجِيلِيّ • (ʔinjīliyy) m (plural إِنْجِيلِيُّون (ʔinjīliyyūn))
* (Christianity) evangelist
    الْإِنْجِيلِيُّون الْأَرْبَعَة ― al-ʔinjīliyyūn al-ʔarbaʕa ― the Four Evangelists
* (Christianity) Evangelical (adherent of evangelical Protestant Christianity)

#### Declension
### Adjective

إِنْجِيلِيّ • (ʔinjīliyy) (feminine إِنْجِيلِيَّة (ʔinjīliyya), masculine plural إِنْجِيلِيُّونَ (ʔinjīliyyūna), feminine plural إِنْجِيلِيَّات (ʔinjīliyyāt))
* evangelical, related to the gospels
* Evangelical, related to evangelicalism
* evangelistic, related to evangelism
# سمعان
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (šimʕōn), adapted to the equivalent Arabic root. Doublet of شَمْعُون (šamʕūn), a more recent borrowing, and سِيمُون (sīmūn), a borrowing from French.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sim.ʕaːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Proper noun

سِمْعَان • (simʕān) m
* Simon, Symeon, Simeon: any of a number of figures in the Bible
    سِمْعَان بُطْرُس ― simʕān buṭrus ― Simon Peter
* a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Simon
# مستوطنة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of اِسْتَوْطَنَ (istawṭana)

### Noun

مُسْتَوْطَنَة • (mustawṭana) f (plural مُسْتَوْطَنَات (mustawṭanāt))
* settlement, colony

#### Derived terms

* مُسْتَوْطَنة زِراعِيّة (mustawṭana(t) zirāʕiyya)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic مُسْتَوْطَنَة (mustawṭana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mus.taw.tˤa.ne/, [mʊsˤˈtˤɑw.tˤɑ.ne]
* IPA: /mus.taw.tˤa.na/, [mʊsˤˈtˤɑw.tˤɑ.na]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

مستوطنة • (mustawṭane) f
* settlement
* colony
# Chittoor
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Telugu చిత్తూరు (cittūru).

### Proper noun

Chittoor
* A city and district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
* A surname.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* orthotic