# 行動
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xíngdòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$ dung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàng-thûng / hàng-thung
* Eastern Min (BUC): hèng-dông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-tōng / hêng-tǒng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gian$^5$ dong$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíngdòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síngdòng
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-tung$^4$
*** Yale: syíng-dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngdonq
*** Palladius: синдун (sindun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$ dung$^6$
*** Yale: hàhng duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$ dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$ dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: hang$^ˇ$ tung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hang$^2$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thung
*** Hakka Romanization System: hang$^ˇ$ tung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hang$^2$ tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng-dông
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$nouŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-tōng
*** Tâi-lô: hîng-tōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hengdong
*** IPA (Singapore): /heŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-tǒng
*** Tâi-lô: hîng-tǒng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gian$^5$ dong$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiâⁿ tŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: haeng duwngX
Rime :
| Character | 行 | 動 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 戸庚切 | 徒揔切 |
| Baxter | haeng | duwngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠæŋ/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚaŋ/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣaŋ/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨjŋ/ | /dəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐŋ/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐŋ/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɐŋ/ | /dʱuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | héng | dòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^4$ | dung$^6$ |

#### Verb

行動
* to act; to take action

##### Synonyms

* 主動／主动 (zhǔdòng)

#### Noun

行動
* action; act (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    採取行動／采取行动 ― cǎiqǔ xíngdòng ― to take action
* movement (Classifier: 個／个 m)
* operation; campaign (Classifier: 個／个 m)

##### Synonyms

* (action): 行徑／行径 (xíngjìng), 行為／行为 (xíngwéi)
* (campaign): 運動／运动 (yùndòng), (military operation) 作戰／作战 (zuòzhàn)

##### See also

* 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)

#### Adjective

行動
* mobile; portable

##### Synonyms

* (attributive) 機動／机动 (jīdòng)
* 移動／移动 (yídòng)

##### Derived terms

* 行動碟 / 行动碟 (xíngdòngdié)
* 行動載具 / 行动载具 (xíngdòng zàijù)
* 行動電話 / 行动电话 (xíngdòng diànhuà)

#### Adverb

行動
* (obsolete, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    Nǐ zhǐ yuàn rén xíngdòng chēnguài le nǐ, nǐ zài bù zhīdào nǐ zìjǐ òu rén nánshòu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Synonyms

* 動不動／动不动 (dòngbùdòng)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 行動(こうどう) (kōdō)
* → Korean: 행동(行動) (haengdong)
* → Vietnamese: hành động (行動)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xíngdòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$ dung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàng-thûng / hàng-thung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiâⁿ-tāng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíngdòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síngdòng
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-tung$^4$
*** Yale: syíng-dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngdonq
*** Palladius: синдун (sindun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$ dung$^6$
*** Yale: hàhng duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$ dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$ dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: hang$^ˇ$ tung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hang$^2$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thung
*** Hakka Romanization System: hang$^ˇ$ tung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hang$^2$ tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâⁿ-tāng
*** Tâi-lô: kiânn-tāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'dang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã²³⁻³³ taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ³³/

#### Verb

行動
* to move about; to get about; to be mobile
    行動不便／行动不便 ― xíngdòng bùbiàn ― to have difficulty getting about
       Guǎizhàng de zuòyòng shì bāngzhù xíngdòng bùbiàn de rén. [Pinyin]
       The purpose of a walking stick is to assist those those with mobility issues.

##### Synonyms

* 串 (literary, or in compounds)
* 履行 (lǚxíng) (literary)
* 徒步 (túbù)
* 步 (bù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 步履 (bùlǚ) (literary)
* 步行 (bùxíng)
* 步趨 / 步趋 (bùqū)
* 步輦 / 步辇 (Hokkien)
* 行步 (xíngbù) (literary)
* 行走 (xíngzǒu)
* 走動 / 走动 (zǒudòng)
* 走路 (zǒulù)
* 走道 (zǒudào)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 行 | 動 |
| こう Grade: 2 | どう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーどー [kòódóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːdo̞ː]

### Noun

行(こう)動(どう) • (kōdō)
* action; behavior

### Verb

行(こう)動(どう)する • (kōdō suru) suru (stem 行(こう)動(どう)し (kōdō shi), past 行(こう)動(どう)した (kōdō shita))
* to act

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 行動し | こうどうし | kōdō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 行動し | こうどうし | kōdō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 行動する | こうどうする | kōdō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 行動する | こうどうする | kōdō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 行動すれ | こうどうすれ | kōdō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 行動せよ¹ 行動しろ² | こうどうせよ¹ こうどうしろ² | kōdō seyo¹ kōdō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 行動される | こうどうされる | kōdō sareru |
| Causative | 行動させる 行動さす | こうどうさせる こうどうさす | kōdō saseru kōdō sasu |
| Potential | 行動できる | こうどうできる | kōdō dekiru |
| Volitional | 行動しよう | こうどうしよう | kōdō shiyō |
| Negative | 行動しない | こうどうしない | kōdō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 行動せず | こうどうせず | kōdō sezu |
| Formal | 行動します | こうどうします | kōdō shimasu |
| Perfective | 行動した | こうどうした | kōdō shita |
| Conjunctive | 行動して | こうどうして | kōdō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 行動すれば | こうどうすれば | kōdō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### See also

* 団体行動(だんたいこうどう) (dantai kōdō)
* 行動規範(こうどうきはん) (kōdō kihan)
* 行動半径(こうどうはんけい) (kōdō hankei)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 行 | 動 |

### Noun

行動 • (haengdong) (hangeul 행동)
* hanja form of 행동 (“action”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 行 | 動 |

### Noun

行動
* chữ Hán form of hành động (“action”).

### Verb

行動
* chữ Hán form of hành động (“to act”).