# 致

| 致 | U+81F4, &#33268; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81F4 |
| ← 至 [U+81F3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臵 → [U+81F5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

致 (Kangxi radical 133, 至+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土人大 (MGOK), four-corner 1814$_0$, composition ⿰至攵 or ⿰至夂(T))

#### Derived characters

* 𠊷 𡟹 㨖 㴛 㮹 緻 䞃 𡍶 𦳙 䦯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1001, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30149
* Dae Jaweon: page 1458, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2815, character 6
* Unihan data for U+81F4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 致 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 致 | *tiɡs |
| 輊 | *tiɡs |
| 駤 | *tiɡs |
| 跮 | *tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ |
| 荎 | *di, *diːɡ |
| 緻 | *diɡs |
| 至 | *tjiɡs |
| 鵄 | *tʰji |
| 胵 | *tʰji |
| 痓 | *tʰjiɡs |
| 咥 | *hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ |
| 窒 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ |
| 蛭 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 垤 | *diːɡ |
| 耋 | *diːɡ |
| 姪 | *diːɡ, *diɡ |
| 絰 | *diːɡ |
| 恎 | *diːɡ |
| 挃 | *tiɡ |
| 庢 | *tiɡ |
| 銍 | *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 秷 | *tiɡ |
| 螲 | *tiɡ |
| 侄 | *diɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 桎 | *tjiɡ |
| 郅 | *tjiɡ |
| 晊 | *tjiɡ |
| 室 | *hliɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiɡs): phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs) + semantic 攵.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhì (zhi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi$^3$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): zi$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zi$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zi$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): di̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): té
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$tsy / $^5$tsyu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zr$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zi$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^3$
*** Yale: ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³³/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ʃi²⁴/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: di̿
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: té
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
*** Tâi-lô: tì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsy
*** MiniDict: tsy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsyu
*** MiniDict: tsyu$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zr$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trijH
Rime :
| Character | 致 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟利切 |
| Baxter | trijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈji$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶji$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>i[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 致 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*t<r>i[t]-s/ |
| English | (cause to arrive): transmit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 致 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17336 |
| Phonetic component | 至 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 致 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiɡs/ |

#### Definitions

致
* to send; to deliver; to present
    致辭／致辞 ― zhìcí ― to deliver a speech
* to express; to convey
    致以 ― zhìyǐ ― to express; to extend
* to cause; to incur
    致癌 ― zhì'ái ― to cause cancer
* to devote; to exhaust; to use up (one's energy, efforts, etc.)
    致力 ― zhìlì ― to concentrate on; to devote oneself to
* to achieve; to attain
    致富 ― zhìfù ― to get rich; to achieve wealth
    致知 ― zhìzhī ― to attain knowledge
* engaging style; manner or style that engages attention or arouses interest
    有致 ― yǒuzhì ― interesting; appealing
    興致／兴致 ― xìngzhì ― interest; mood to enjoy
* to result in; so that
    以致 ― yǐzhì ― resulting in; so that
* (Hokkien) to contract (an illness)
       tì tio̍h pīⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       to contract an illness
* a surname, Zhi

##### Synonyms

* (to send): 送達／送达 (sòngdá)
* (to cause):
* 使到 (shǐdào)
* 使得 (shǐde)
* 導致 / 导致 (dǎozhì)
* 招致 (zhāozhì)
* 致使 (zhìshǐ)
* 誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
* 誘發 / 诱发 (yòufā)
* 造成 (zàochéng)
* 釀成 / 酿成 (niàngchéng) (a negative outcome)
* 闖 / 闯 (a negative outcome)
* (to express):
* 代表 (dàibiǎo)
* 參加 / 参加 (cānjiā)
* 展現 / 展现 (zhǎnxiàn)
* 提出 (tíchū)
* 提起 (tíqǐ)
* 發揮 / 发挥 (fāhuī)
* 發表 / 发表 (fābiǎo)
* 致以 (zhìyǐ)
* 表現 / 表现 (biǎoxiàn)
* 表示 (biǎoshì)
* 表述 (biǎoshù)
* 表達 / 表达 (biǎodá)
* 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)

#### Compounds

* 一致 (yīzhì)
* 一致性 (yīzhìxìng)
* 一致百慮 / 一致百虑
* 不一致 (bùyīzhì)
* 不致 (bùzhì)
* 不致於 / 不致于 (bùzhìyú)
* 二致
* 以冰致蠅 / 以冰致蝇
* 以致 (yǐzhì)
* 以貍致鼠 / 以狸致鼠
* 休致 (xiūzhì)
* 任重致遠 / 任重致远
* 佳致
* 做張做致 / 做张做致
* 凹凸有致 (āotūyǒuzhì)
* 別致 / 别致 (biézhì)
* 別致有趣 / 别致有趣
* 功致
* 同致
* 和氣致祥 / 和气致祥
* 圖財致命 / 图财致命
* 坐致
* 大致 (dàzhì)
* 大致上 (dàzhìshang)
* 大致說來 / 大致说来
* 學以致用 / 学以致用 (xuéyǐzhìyòng)
* 專心致志 / 专心致志 (zhuānxīnzhìzhì)
* 導致 / 导致 (dǎozhì)
* 工致 (gōngzhì)
* 引致 (yǐnzhì)
* 張致 / 张致
* 形容盡致 / 形容尽致
* 思致
* 情致 (qíngzhì)
* 懸車致仕 / 悬车致仕
* 招致 (zhāozhì)
* 推心致腹
* 文致
* 景致 (jǐngzhì)
* 曲致
* 林下風致 / 林下风致
* 格物致知
* 格致 (gézhì)
* 極致 / 极致 (jízhì)
* 標標致致 / 标标致致
* 標致 / 标致 (biāozhì)
* 殊塗一致 / 殊涂一致
* 殊塗同致 / 殊涂同致
* 殊方同致
* 殊致
* 殊致同歸 / 殊致同归
* 殺敵致果 / 杀敌致果
* 毫無二致 / 毫无二致 (háowú'èrzhì)
* 沒張沒致 / 没张没致
* 淋漓盡致 / 淋漓尽致 (línlíjìnzhì)
* 澄澹精致
* 獲致 / 获致 (huòzhì)
* 理致 (lǐzhì)
* 生芻致祭 / 生刍致祭
* 百慮一致 / 百虑一致
* 直致
* 筆致 / 笔致 (bǐzhì)
* 經世致用 / 经世致用
* 縹致 / 缥致
* 羅致 / 罗致 (luózhì)
* 臨危致命 / 临危致命
* 致亂 / 致乱 (zhìluàn)
* 致仕 (zhìshì)
* 致使 (zhìshǐ)
* 致使動詞 / 致使动词
* 致函 (zhìhán)
* 致力 (zhìlì)
* 致勝 / 致胜
* 致命 (zhìmìng)
* 致命傷 / 致命伤 (zhìmìngshāng)
* 致哀 (zhì'āi)
* 致密 (zhìmì)
* 致富 (zhìfù)
* 致師 / 致师
* 致志 (zhìzhì)
* 致思
* 致意 (zhìyì)
* 致政
* 致敬 (zhìjìng)
* 致書 / 致书 (zhìshū)
* 致歉 (zhìqiàn)
* 致死 (zhìsǐ)
* 致死量 (zhìsǐliàng)
* 致獲 / 致获
* 致用
* 致疑
* 致病 (zhìbìng)
* 致知 (zhìzhī)
* 致祭 (zhìjì)
* 致詞 / 致词 (zhìcí)
* 致詳 / 致详
* 致語 / 致语
* 致謝 / 致谢 (zhìxiè)
* 致賀 / 致贺
* 致贈 / 致赠
* 致身
* 致辭 / 致辞 (zhìcí)
* 致送 (zhìsòng)
* 致遠 / 致远
* 致遠任重 / 致远任重
* 致電 / 致电 (zhìdiàn)
* 興致 / 兴致 (xìngzhì)
* 興致勃勃 / 兴致勃勃 (xìngzhìbóbó)
* 興致勃發 / 兴致勃发
* 興致盎然 / 兴致盎然
* 興致索然 / 兴致索然
* 興雲致雨 / 兴云致雨
* 蒼蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 苍蝇附骥尾而致千里 (cāngying fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
* 蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 蝇附骥尾而致千里 (yíng fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
* 裂致
* 見危致命 / 见危致命
* 言行一致 (yánxíng yīzhì)
* 談吐有致 / 谈吐有致
* 豪情逸致
* 負乘致寇 / 负乘致寇
* 負重致遠 / 负重致远
* 辭致 / 辞致
* 過失致死 / 过失致死
* 鉤深致遠 / 钩深致远
* 銜哀致誠 / 衔哀致诚
* 錯落有致 / 错落有致 (cuòluòyǒuzhì)
* 閒情逸致 / 闲情逸致 (xiánqíngyìzhì)
* 附致語 / 附致语
* 雅人深致
* 雅致 (yǎzhì)
* 面致
* 韻致 / 韵致 (yùnzhì)
* 風流別致 / 风流别致
* 風流標致 / 风流标致
* 風致 / 风致
* 高情遠致 / 高情远致
* 高致

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 致 – see 緻 (“delicate; fine”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 緻).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “致”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to do

#### Readings

* Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
* Kun: いたす (itasu, 致す, Jōyō)
* Nanori: とも (tomo)、むね (mune)、ゆき (yuki)

## Korean
### Hanja

致 (eumhun 이를 치 (ireul chi))
* hanja form of 치 (“to reach; to result in”)

#### Compounds

* 일치 (一致, ilchi, “agreement”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

致: Hán Nôm readings: trí
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.