# 閩東
## Chinese

* 閩東

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mǐndōng, Míndōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄉㄨㄥ, ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^5$ dung$^1$ / man$^4$ dung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Mén-tûng
    (Hailu, HRS): men$^ˊ$ dung$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Mìng-dĕ̤ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang$^2$ dang$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bân-tang
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$min-ton
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mǐndōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄉㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐndong
*** Wade–Giles: min$^3$-tung$^1$
*** Yale: mǐn-dūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miindong
*** Palladius: миньдун (minʹdun)
*** Sinological IPA : /min²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míndōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míndong
*** Wade–Giles: min$^2$-tung$^1$
*** Yale: mín-dūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mindong
*** Palladius: миньдун (minʹdun)
*** Sinological IPA : /min³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^5$ dung$^1$ / man$^4$ dung$^1$
*** Yale: máhn dūng / màhn dūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^5$ dung$^1$ / man$^4$ dung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^5$ dung$^1$ / men$^4$ dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/, /mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mén-tûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˋ$ dung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^3$ dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /men³¹ tuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˊ$ dung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /men²⁴⁻³³ tuŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Mìng-dĕ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$nøyŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mang$^2$ dang$^1$ [Phonetic: mang$^5$ dang$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Máng-dang
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ¹³⁻²¹ taŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-tang
*** Tâi-lô: Bân-tang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bandafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ban²⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ban²⁴⁻²² taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ban¹³⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ban²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ban²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$min-ton
*** MiniDict: min$^去$ ton
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$min-ton
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² toŋ⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

閩東
* eastern Fujian province

#### Derived terms

* 閩東語 / 闽东语 (mǐndōngyǔ)

### Noun

閩東
* (～話, ～語, ～方言) Eastern Min; Min Dong (a variety of Chinese spoken in and around Fuzhou)
    From: 2002, 李如龍 (Li Rulong), 論閩語與吴語、客贛語的關係, in 丁邦新 (Ting Pang-hsin) and 張雙慶 (Chang Song-hing) (editors), 《閩語研究及其與周邊方言的關係》 (The Study of Min Dialects and Its Relationship with Other Peripheral Dialects), page 41
    Guòxì de bǐjiào Mǐnnánhuà hé Mǐndōng, Mǐnběi de chāyì, wǒmen hái kěyǐ kàndào, mǐnnánhuà yǔ kèjiāhuà de mǒuxiē xiāngjìn tèdiǎn zhèngshì zhè zhǒng chāyì de zhǔyào nèiróng. [Pinyin]
    If we carefully examine the differences between Southern Min, Eastern Min and Northern Min, we can see that some of the similarities between Southern Min and Hakka are exactly the main content of this kind of difference.
    From: 2012, 羅玉芝 (Yu-chih Lo), 臺灣客家話的閩南語借詞及其共同詞研究 (The Loanwords of Taiwanese Hakka Dialects from the Southern Min Dialect and the Words Common to Both)
    Liánchéng Kèyǔ, Mǐndōng, Mǐnnányǔ zé hé Shēyǔ, Miáo-Yáoyǔ dúyīn xiàngjìn. [Pinyin]
    The pronunciation in Liancheng Hakka, Eastern Min and Southern Min is close to that in She and Hmong-Mien languages.
    From: 2014, 杜佳倫, 閩語古微歌祭同讀、古文元同讀的歷史層次分析, in 《文與哲》 (Literature & Philosophy), issue 25, page 330
    běnwén jí yǐ Mǐnyǔ fǎnyìng gǔ wēi gē jì tóngdú, gǔ wén yuán tóngdú de yùndòu zuòwèi fēnxī yánjiū de duìxiàng, yùnyòng xiūdìng de fēnxī fāngfǎ yǔ yánjiū bùzhòu, xiángxì biànxī Mǐnyǔ sān dà cìfāngyán: Mǐnnán, Mǐndōng, Mǐnběi de yùndòu duìyìng guīzé [Pinyin]
    This article takes the Min reflexes of ancient wēi, gē and jì as the same rhyme and ancient wén and yuán as the same rhyme as its object of analytical study, utilising a revised analytical and research methodology to analyse the rhyme correspondences in the three major subdivisions of Min — Southern Min, Eastern Min and Northern Min — in detail