# जाति
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d͡ʒɑː.t̪iː/, [d͡ʒäː.t̪iː]

### Noun

जाति • (jāti) f (Urdu spelling جاتی)
* birth
* caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
* high caste
* race
* (taxonomy) species
* tribe, nationality, lineage

#### Derived terms

* जातिगत (jātigat)
* जातिवाद (jātivād)
* जाति ना पूछो साधु की; पूछ लीजिए ज्ञान (jāti nā pūcho sādhu kī; pūch lījie jñān)

#### Related terms

* प्रक्षेत्र (prakṣetra), अधिजगत (adhijgat)
* जगत (jagat)
* संघ (saṅgh)
* वर्ग (varg)
* गण (gaṇ)
* कुल (kul)
* वंश (vañś)
* जाति (jāti)

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zät̪i]
* Phonetic Devanagari: जाति

### Noun

जाति • (jāti)
* ethnic group
* race

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* jāti (Latin script)
* 𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* জাতি (Bengali script)
* ජාති (Sinhalese script)
* ဇာတိ or ၹႃတိ (Burmese script)
* ชาติ (Thai script)
* ᨩᩣᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
* ຊາຕິ (Lao script)
* ជាតិ (Khmer script)
* 𑄎𑄂𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

### Noun

जाति f
* Devanagari script form of jāti

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* জাতি (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
* জাতি (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* ဇာတိ (Burmese script)
* જાતિ (Gujarati script)
* ਜਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
* ಜಾತಿ (Kannada script)
* ជាតិ (Khmer script)
* ຊາຕິ (Lao script)
* ജാതി (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
* ଜାତି (Odia script)
* ꢙꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
* ජාති (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
* ஜாதி (Tamil script)
* జాతి (Telugu script)
* ชาติ (Thai script)
* ཛཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁-ti-s ~ *ǵn̥h₁-téy-s (“birth, production; kind”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz (whence English kind). By surface analysis, जन् (jan, root) +‎ -ति (-ti).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɑː.tí/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /d͡ʑɑː.t̪i/

### Noun

जा॒ति • (jātí) stem, f
* birth, production
* rebirth
* the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
* position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
* kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class
* the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)
* the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
* reduction of fractions to a common denominator
* a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
* a particular figure of speech
* a class of metres
* a manner of singing
* fireplace
* mace, nutmeg

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ²Later Sanskrit
* ³Brāhmaṇas

#### Borrowed terms

* Pali: jāti
* Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀇 (jāi)

##### Borrowed terms

* → English: jati
* → Gujarati: જાત (jāt), જાતિ (jāti)
* → Hindi: जाति (jāti)
* → Khmer: ជាតិ (ciət)
* → Lao: ຊາດ (sāt)
* → Malay: jadi, jati
* → Cebuano: yati
* → Tagalog: yari
* → Nepali: जाति (jāti)
* → Old Javanese: jāti, jati (see there for further descendants)
* → Tamil: சாதி (cāti), ஜாதி (jāti)
* → Telugu: జాతి (jāti)
* → Thai: ญาติ (yâat), ชาติ (châat)

### References

* ↑ {R:sa:EWAia|vol=1|page=583|head=jātá-, (°)jāti-}}

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “जाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 418/1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 285
* Milena Hübschmannová (2002 February) “Jati (Caste)”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database‎, Prague, archived from the original on 19 August 2021