OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ἀμεινοκλῆς
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἀμείνων (ameínōn, “better”) +‎ -κλῆς (-klês, “fame”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.meː.no.klɛ̂ːs/ → /a.mi.noˈklis/ → /a.mi.noˈklis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.meː.no.klɛ̂ːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.mi.noˈkle̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.mi.noˈklis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.mi.noˈklis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.mi.noˈklis/

### Proper noun

Ἀμεινοκλῆς • (Ameinoklês) m (genitive Ἀμεινοκλέους); third declension
* a male given name, equivalent to English Ameinocles or Aminocles

#### Descendants

* Greek: Αμεινοκλής (Ameinoklís)
* → Latin: Ameinoclēs, Amīnoclēs

### References

* Ἀμεινοκλῆς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,001
# Wein
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German wīn, from Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vaɪ̯n/
* Rhymes: -aɪ̯n
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Wein m (strong, genitive Weines or Weins, plural Weine)
* wine

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* weinartig
* weinhaltig
* reinen Wein einschenken
* Wasser predigen und Wein trinken

#### Related terms

* Biowein
* Franzwein
* Glühwein
* Landwein
* Rotwein
* Schaumwein
* Tafelwein
* Weinbecher
* Weinberg
* Weinbrand
* Weinfass
* Weinflasche
* Weingarten
* Weinglas
* Weingummi
* Weinhandel
* Weinjahr
* Weinjahrgang
* Weinkäufer
* Weinkeller
* Weinladen
* Weinlese
* Weinranke
* Weinrebe
* Weinrechnung
* Weinschenke
* Weintraube
* Weinverkostung
* Weißwein

#### Descendants

* → Estonian: vein

### Further reading

* “Wein” in Duden online
* “Wein” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Middle High German wīn, from Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vaɪ̯n/

### Noun

Wein m (plural Weine, diminutive Weinche)
* wine
    Ich drinke keen Wein.I don't drink wine.

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Rhine Franconian
### Noun

Wei$^n$
* (Palatine) wine
# morning-after
## English
### Adjective

morning-after (not comparable)
* attributive form of morning after
* Of or relating to a contraceptive that may be effective up to several days after sexual intercourse has taken place.

### See also

* morning after
# blue balls
## English
### Etymology

US English, 1910s, blue +‎ balls (“testicles”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

blue balls pl (plural only)
* (slang) A cramp-like ache in the testicles and prostate region caused by prolonged sexual arousal; testicles experiencing such an ache.
* (slang, figuratively) Unfulfilled sexual desire.
* (US, dated, slang) Buboes (in a person of any sex) caused by a sexually transmitted infection; the infection that causes them.
** 1920, V.D. pamphlet‎, page 33:[...] away the flesh and cause ulcers and buboes (blue balls).
** 1960, Laman Alexander Gray, A Text Book of Gynecology, page 47:It invades lymphatics, is carried to the inguinal lymph nodes, where multiple abscesses, buboes, or "blue balls" appear. A brawny edema of the labia, with deeply penetrating destructive ulcers may occur in the late stages.

#### Derived terms

* blue-ball
* blue-baller
* blue vulva

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “blue balls n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
# -івна
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* -ївна (-jivna) (used for names ending in -й)

### Suffix

-і́вна • (-ívna) f (masculine -ович)
* A feminine patronymic suffix added to a given name: daughter of
    ‎Степа́н (Stepán) + ‎-івна (-ivna) → ‎Степа́нівна (Stepánivna, “daughter of Stepan”)
    ‎Іва́н (Iván) + ‎-івна (-ivna) → ‎Іва́нівна (Ivánivna, “daughter of Ivan”)
    ‎Петро́ (Petró) + ‎-івна (-ivna) → ‎Петрі́вна (Petrívna, “daughter of Petro”)

#### Usage notes

* The word stress may fall on the stem – Іва́нівна (Ivánivna) – or on the suffix – Петрі́вна (Petrívna).
# ever after
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English ever afftir, evere aftir.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɛvəɹ‿ˈɑːftə/, /-ˈæf-/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌɛvəɹ‿ˈæftəɹ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːftə(ɹ), -æftə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: ever af‧ter

### Adverb

ever after (not comparable)
* (idiomatic) forever, for eternity
** 1847, Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights:I've dreamt in my life dreams that have stayed with me ever after, and changed my ideas; they've gone through and through me, like wine through water, and altered the colour of my mind.
** 1992, Basic Instinct, written by Joe Eszterhas, Catherine and Nick played by (respectively) Sharon Stone and Michael Douglas
    Catherine: What do we do now, Nick?
    Nick: Fuck like minks, raise rug rats, live happily ever after.
    Catherine: I hate rug rats.
    Nick: Fuck like minks, forget the rug rats, and live happily ever after.

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:forever

#### Derived terms

* happily ever after
* happy ever after
# jālga
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jalka, from Proto-Uralic *jalka. Cognates include Estonian jalg and Finnish jalka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɑːlɡɑ/

### Noun

jālga
* leg
* foot

#### Declension
### References

* Lauri Kettunen (1938) Livisches Wörterbuch mit grammatischer Einleitung, Helsinki, page 85
# Vidūmō
## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* Vidumō

### Etymology

From vidū (“middle”) +‎ mō (“land”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viduːmɒː/

### Proper noun

Vidūmō
* Vidzeme (a historical region in northeastern Latvia including Rīga)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Vidūmō – Vidzeme – Vidzeme
       Vidzeme – Vidzeme – Vidzeme

#### Synonyms

* Līvõmō
# Sōrmō
## Livonian
### Etymology

From sōr +‎ mō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /soːrmɒː/

### Proper noun

Sōrmō
* Saaremaa (largest of island of Estonia)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Sōrmō – Saaremaa – Sāmsala, Sāremā sala
       Saaremaa – Saaremaa – Saaremaa
** Līvõkīel-lețkīel-līvõkīel sõnārōntõz, page 60
    Sōrmō – Sāmsala
       Saaremaa – Saaremaa
# Pațīkmō
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Pațīk +‎ mō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɑciːkmɒː/

### Proper noun

Pațīkmō
* Oviši (a village in Ventspils Municipality on the coast of the Baltic Sea)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Pațīkmō – Oviši – Oviši
       Oviši – Oviši – Oviši
# kaš
## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *k(i)āĺ. Cognate to Karachay-Balkar къаш (qaş), Kumyk къаш (qaş), Crimean Tatar qaş, etc.

### Noun

kaš
* eyebrow

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kaš”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Livonian
### Etymology

Compare Estonian kass. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑʃ/

### Noun

kaš
* cat
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    kaš pidāb pa jumālõks
       cat thinks he is god (lit. "cat is holding [himself] for god")

#### See also

* runts

## Phalura
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɕ/

### Noun

kaš f (Perso-Arabic spelling کش)
* draught (of smoke)

#### Inflection

i-decl (Obl, pl): -í

### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “kaš”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
# alīztas
## Livonian
### Etymology

alīz +‎ tas, a calque of Latvian apakštase which, in turn, is a calque of German Untertasse.

### Noun

alīztas
* genitive singular of allitas
alīztas
* saucer

#### See also

* tas
* allitas
* kaffetas
# Benedict Arnold
## English
### Etymology

From Benedict Arnold, famous for betraying the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.

### Noun

Benedict Arnold (plural Benedict Arnolds)
* (US) A traitor.
** 1945, William Worthy, Jr., “Non-Fraternization: American Style”, in The Crisis, volume 52, number 11, page 323:A Negro hotelkeeper in a free city of the North views with disdain a Benedict Arnold in the colored camp who crosses the lines to a "white" hotel.
** 2008, Nick De La Pena, The Contagion, page 299:I am no longer an American; I am a traitor, a Judas, a Benedict Arnold.
** 2009, Charles Zastrow, The Practice of Social Work: A Comprehensive Worktext, page 204:Within a group, Benedict Arnolds attempt to prevent the group from accomplishing its goals
** 2012, Nicholas Campanella, Traglamoor's Journey:What if we are already under investigation from someone covertly talking with the cops? What if there is a Benedict Arnold in the group?

#### Synonyms

* quisling
# illatīv
## Livonian
### Noun

illatīv
* (grammar) illative case
# عطب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Verb I: IPA: /ʕa.tˤi.ba/
* Verb II: IPA: /ʕatˤ.tˤa.ba/
* Noun I: IPA: /ʕa.tˤab/
* Noun II: IPA: /ʕutˤb/
* (This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.)

### Verb

عَطِبَ • (ʕaṭiba) I (non-past يَعْطَبُ (yaʕṭabu), verbal noun عَطَب (ʕaṭab))
* to be damaged, to be ruined, to perish
    Synonyms: هَلَكَ (halaka), تَلِفَ (talifa)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għotob

### Verb

عَطَّبَ • (ʕaṭṭaba) II (non-past يُعَطِّبُ (yuʕaṭṭibu), verbal noun تَعْطِيب (taʕṭīb))
* to damage, to ruin, to spoil

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għattab

### Noun

عَطَب • (ʕaṭab) m (plural أَعْطَاب (ʔaʕṭāb))
* verbal noun of عَطِبَ (ʕaṭiba) (form I)
* damage, injury, harm, injustice

#### Declension
### Noun

عُطْب or عُطُب • (ʕuṭb or ʕuṭub) m (collective, singulative عُطْبَة f (ʕuṭba))
* (Classical Arabic) cotton
    Synonyms: قُطْن (quṭn), كُرْسُف (kursuf)

#### Descendants

* → Tigre: ዕጥብ (ʿəṭb), ዕጡብ (ʿəṭub)

### References

* “عطب” in Almaany
# Дзвенислава
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zvoniti (“to ring”) + Proto-Slavic *slava (“glory, fame”). Equivalent to дзвони́ (dzvoný) +‎ -слава (-slava).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zʋenesˈɫaʋɐ]

### Proper noun

Дзвенисла́ва • (Dzvenysláva) f pers (genitive Дзвенисла́ви, nominative plural Дзвенисла́ви, genitive plural Дзвенисла́в)
* a female given name, Dzvenyslava

#### Declension
### References

* “Дзвенислава”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# rō
## Hawaiian
### Noun

rō
* The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

## Japanese
### Romanization

rō
* Rōmaji transcription of ろう

## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *raha, from Proto-Germanic *skrahō. Cognates include Estonian raha, Finnish raha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɒːˀ/

### Noun

rǭ'
* money

#### Declension
### References

* Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *loʀo (“red ant, ” – compare with Tahitian rō, Tongan lō, Fijian lolo “ant”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *loʀo.

### Noun

rō
* ant
    Synonym: rōroro
* mantis, praying mantis; stick insect
    Synonym: whē

#### References

* ↑ Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 420
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “loo1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2011) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 4: Animals, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 391-2
# kakš
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kakci, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kakta. The final vowel was modified by analogy with *ükci (“one”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑkʃ/

### Numeral

kakš
* two

#### See also

* Livonian cardinals (1–11):
# kūžtuoistõn
## Livonian
### Etymology

From kūž (“six”) +‎ tuoistõn (“-teen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuːʒtuoistən/

### Numeral

kūžtuoistõn
* sixteen

#### See also

* Livonian cardinals (10-20):
# ežmi
## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eʒmi/

### Adjective

e'žmi
* first

#### See also

* Livonian ordinals (1st-11th):
# kōdõkstuoistõn
## Livonian
### Etymology

From kōdõks (“eight”) +‎ tuoistõn (“-teen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːdəkstuoistən/

### Numeral

kōdõkstuoistõn
* eighteen

#### See also

* Livonian cardinals (10-20):
# ežžõmpǟva
## Livonian
### Etymology

From an inflected form of ežmi (“first”) +‎ pǟva (“day”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eʒːəmpæːvɑ/

### Noun

e'žžõmpǟva
* Monday

#### Declension
### See also

* days of the week (appendix): ežžõmpǟva · tūoiznapǟva · kuolmõndpǟva · neļļõndpǟva · brēḑig · pūolpǟva · pivāpǟva
# atrāita
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Latvian atraitne (“widow”) (or any alternative form thereof).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑtrɑːitɑ/

### Noun

atrāita
* widower
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    atrāita – lesk – atraitnis
       widower – widower – widower

#### Synonyms

* lešk

#### Related terms

* atrāitanai
* lešknai

### References

* ↑ Seppo Suhonen (1973), Die jungen lettischen Lehnwörter im Livischen, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
# sõzār
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sësar, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swésō.

### Noun

sõzār
* sister
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    īdõn tuoizõn vȯļtõ veļīd ja sõzārd īņõ
       some had brothers and sisters with them
    veļ um sõzārõks īti
       brother is the likeness of (his) sister
    līvõ rovz, īžkiz skūollapst, tiennigid eņtš nūoŗi sizāŗi [sic] ja veļīdi!
       Livonian children, especially school children, thank your young sisters and brothers!
    tiennigid eņtš nūoŗi sõzaŗi!
       thank your young sisters!

#### Related terms

* veļ
# jemā
## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* ǟma

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *emä, from Proto-Uralic *emä; cognates include Estonian ema, Finnish emä and Hungarian eme (“sow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jemɑː/

### Noun

jemā
* mother
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    jemā ārmaztimi
       mother's love
    jemā sēmḑa
       mother's milk
    jemā pierrõ
       to be the spitting image of one's mother (lit. "after mother")
    tämmõn um vel jemā sēmḑa kūora tagān
       he is still wet behind the ears (lit. "he still has mother's milk behind his ears")

#### Related terms

* izā
* pūoga
* tidār
# tidār
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tüt'är, from Baltic. Compare Lithuanian duktė (“daughter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tidɑːr/

### Noun

tidār
* daughter
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    jemā sigūb tidārõn ibūkši
       mother brushes her daughter's hair
    tidārtidār
       granddaughter, daughter's daughter
    jemā lǟb virgtõm tidārt
       mother goes to wake up daughter

#### Related terms

* izā
* jemā, ǟma
* pūoga

### References

* ↑ “tütar”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
# āinakū
## Livonian
### Etymology

From āina (“hay”) +‎ kū (“month”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːinɑkuː/

### Noun

āinakū
* (poetic) July
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    āinakū – heinakuu – siena mēnesis
       hay month – hay month – hay month

#### Synonyms

* jūlij

### See also

* janvār
* februar
* märts
* april
* maij
* jūnij
* jūlij
* ougust
* septembõr
* oktōbõr
* novembõr
* detsembõr
# veis
## Estonian
### Etymology

A Finno-Mordvinic derivation from the same root as in vedama. Cognate to Finnish vedus (“draught animal”), Erzya ведрекш (vedrekš), ведяка (veďaka, “calf, heifer”), and Moksha ведраж (vedraž, “heifer”).

### Noun

veis (genitive veise, partitive veist)
* male cattle; bull, ox

#### Declension
## Franco-Provençal
### Noun

veis (Old Bressan, Old Dauphinois, Old Lyonnais)
* Alternative form of vês (“time, instance”)

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “vĭces”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 14: U–Z, page 410

## Latin
### Verb

veis
* Alternative form of vīs

## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *veicci.

### Noun

veis
* knife

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbeis/ [ˈbei̯s]
* Rhymes: -eis
* Syllabification: veis

### Verb

veis
* second-person plural present indicative of ver
# tīepǟva
## Livonian
### Etymology

From tīe (“work”) +‎ pǟva (“day”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tiːepæːvɑ/

### Noun

tīepǟva
* weekday, working day
# Moskov
## Breton
### Proper noun

Moskov
* Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)
* Moscow (an oblast of Russia, surrounding the city of Moscow)

## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moskow/, /moskov/

### Proper noun

Moskov
* Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Moskov – Moskva – Maskava
       Moscow – Moscow – Moscow
* Moscow (an oblast of Russia, surrounding the city of Moscow)

#### Hypernyms

* Krīevmō, Krīevõmō
# vȯl
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *olut, possibly from Germanic *aluþ- (*alu). Compare Norwegian øl (“beer”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɤl/

### Noun

vȯ'l
* beer
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    miedvȯl
       mead (lit. honey beer)
    ne attõ vȯl rabād
       that's brewer's grain from beer
    vȯllõn ka um vō
       beer too has foam

#### Declension
### Verb

vȯ'l
* second-person singular imperative of vȱlda

### References

* ↑ “õlu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
# analīz
## Livonian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek. See etymology at English analysis. Perhaps via Latvian analīze, cf. Estonian analüüs, /analyːs/. At the turn of the 20th century ü underwent delabialization to i in Livonian itself – acquisition without Latvian mediation possible as well. All three languages likely acquired the term via German Analyse, [ʔanaˈlyːzə].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑnɑliːz/

### Noun

analīz
* (sciences) analysis

#### Usage notes

The Livonian-Estonian-Latvian LĒL doesn't elaborate on specific contexts. In Northeastern Europe (and probably much of the rest of continental Europe) the word is very commonly used to refer to different types of medical tests, drug screening and especially bloodwork. This is the most common context that the word can be encountered in on a conversational level, usually as a plurale tantum.
# sadāz
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sadanci.

### Adjective

sadāz
* hundredth

#### See also

* Livonian ordinals (90th-1000th):
# seissadā
## Livonian
### Etymology

From seis (“seven”) +‎ sadā (“hundred”).

### Numeral

seissadā
* seven hundred

#### See also

* Livonian cardinals (90-1000):
# Pelomedusa
## Translingual

Wikispecies

### Proper noun

Pelomedusa f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Pelomedusidae – African helmeted turtles.
# kūdõz
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kuudënci.

### Adjective

kūdõz
* sixth

#### See also

* Livonian ordinals (1st-11th):
# brīõz
## Livonian
### Etymology

From brī (“free”) +‎ -õz. Compare Latvian brīvs (“free”), Estonian priius (“freedom”) ultimately from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. See etymology at Latvian brīvs. Likely parallel not via Latvian brīvs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /briːəz/

### Noun

brīõz
* freedom

#### Usage notes

LEL recommends using the inherited word vabām.
# jellõn
## Livonian
### Participle

jellõn
* lived; past active participle form of jellõ
# kanā
## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kana, from Proto-Germanic *hanô. Cognates include Finnish kana and Estonian kana.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑnɑː/

### Noun

kanā
* chicken; hen (Gallus gallus domesticus)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    kakš kannõ
       two chickens
    mitīdtõ kannõ
       not a single chicken
    ta um nemē kanā pakkiļis
       he is like a chicken in tow
    ta pidāb kaņḑi
       he keeps chickens
# Bosnij
## Livonian
### Etymology

Likely via Latvian Bosnija. Morphologically from bosn- +‎ -ij.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bosnij/

### Proper noun

Bosnij
* Bosnia
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Bosnij – Bosnia – Bosnija
       Bosnia – Bosnia – Bosnia

#### Related terms

* Serbij
* Horvātij
* Slovēnij
# Pǟrnov
## Livonian
### Etymology

Perhaps via Latvian Pērnava /pæːrnava/.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pæːrnow/, /pæːrnov/

### Proper noun

Pǟrnov
* Pärnu (a city in Estonia)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Pǟrnov – Pärnu – Pērnava
       Pärnu – Pärnu – Pärnu

#### Hypernyms

* Ēstimō
# Jālgab
## Livonian
### Etymology

Latvian proper noun Jelgava and 17th century countable noun jelgava (“town, city”) (later replaced by pilsēta) are popularly believed to be a borrowing from Livonian jālgab (“town, city”). Karulis, however, thinks that this word doesn't have a plausible Finnic etymology and suggests it being a borrowing from Latvian, in Latvian ultimately from *Heh₃l- (“to bend”) whence also leja (“underside, depression, valley”), dialectal meanings of elks (“elbow, part of sleeve around elbow, turn, angle”), elkonis (“elbow”). The name of Jelgava could also be related to dialectal jelgs (“wet”) or the noun jelga (“a swampy place”).
Karulis' version, however, raises questions as Jelgava has been historically called Mītava and Mitau in Latvian and German respectively (according to Karulis himself of Baltic stock, cognate with the verb mīt (“to stagger, shift, trade”)). (Kersti Boiko also tangentially mentions Nītauja as an earlier name for Jelgava.) Suggesting Livonian borrowing from Latvian a term that perhaps was not even used in Latvian at that time is anachronistic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɑːlɡɑb/

### Proper noun

Jālgab
* Jelgava (a town in Latvia)
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Jālgab – Jelgava – Jelgava
       Jelgava – Jelgava – Jelgava

#### Usage notes

LĒL gives type 156 for this word. This type in singular is identical to type 157 but has vowel shift in plural, since Jālgab is an uncountable proper noun such plural vowel shift is unknowable and perhaps this is an error, thus type 157 is indicated in this entry.
The countable noun version jālgab has type 159 indicated which too is almost identical to type 157 except for short locatives (a common variation), the declension table in this entry gives both short and long locatives.

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Konstantīns Karulis (1992, 2001), Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca, Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN