# alas
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English alas, from Old French a las (French hélas), from a (“ah”) + las, from Latin lassus (“weary”). Compare Dutch helaas, North Frisian ielas, West Frisian eilaas.

#### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) helas

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /əˈlæs/, /əˈlɑːs/
* (US) IPA: /əˈlæs/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /ɘˈlɛs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -æs

#### Interjection

alas
* Used to express sorrow, regret, compassion, grief, resignation, or disappointment.
    Synonyms: alack, oh well
    I wanted to catch the last bus home, but alas, I was ten minutes late and had to take a taxi instead.
** c. 1521, John Skelton, Speke Parott:Helas I lamente the dull abuſyd brayne The enfatuate fantaſies the wytles wylfulnes Of on and hothyr at me that haue dyſdayne
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 278, column 1:Alas poore Yorick, I knew him Horatio, a fellow of infinite Ieſt; of moſt excellent fancy, he hath borne me on his backe a thouſand times: And how abhorred my Imagination is, my gorge riſes at it.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:10:Standing afarre off for the feare of her torment, saying, Alas, alas, that great citie Babylon, that mighty citie: for in one houre is thy iudgement come.
** 1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 188:The thorough and shameless commercialism of Sex has alas! been reserved for what is called "Christian civilization," and with it (perhaps as a necessary consequence) Prostitution and Syphilis have grown into appalling evils, accompanied by a gigantic degradation of social standards, and upgrowth of petty Philistinism and niaiserie.

##### Derived terms

* alack and alas
* alas and alack
* alas the day, alas the while

##### Translations

Albanian: bubu (sq), bobo (sq), vaj (sq)
Arabic: وَا حَسْرَتَاه (wā ḥasratāh), وَاهًا (wāhan)
Armenian: ափսոս (hy) (apʻsos), ավաղ (hy) (avaġ)
Breton: siwazh (br)
Bulgarian: уви́ (bg) (uví)
Catalan: ai las (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 唉 (zh) (āi), 哎呀 (zh) (āiyā), 嗚呼 / 呜呼 (zh) (wūhū)
Czech: běda (cs)
Danish: ak
Dutch: helaas (nl),, ach en wee
Egyptian: (jmw)
Esperanto: ve (eo)
Estonian: paraku (et), kahjuks (et)
Finnish: voi kauhistus, kauheaa, kuinka ikävää
French: hélas (fr)
Galician: ai (gl)
Georgian: ვაი (vai), ვაი მე (vai me)
German: leider (de), ach (de), bedauerlicherweise (de), weh (de)
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai)
Greek: φευ (el) (fef), αλίμονο (el) (alímono)
Ancient: φεῦ (pheû)
Hebrew: אוֹי (he) m (oy), אֵיכָה (he) (eykha), אֲהָהּ (he) (ahah)
Hiligaynon: abá, abáo
Hungarian: ajjaj (hu), jaj (hu), haj (hu), sajnos (hu), sajna (hu)
Ido: ve (io)
Irish: abhó, faraor
Italian: ahimé, purtroppo (it)
Japanese: ああ (ja) (ā), あたら (ja) (atara)
Kannada: ಅಯ್ಯೋ (ayyō)
Khiamniungan Naga: éishêu
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ئاخ (ckb) (ax), ھاوار (hawar), ھەی ھاوار (hey hawar), داخاکەم (daxakem), ئەفسۆس (efsos)
Latin: eheu (la), heu, vae
Maori: auē, taukuri
Norwegian: akk (no)
Occitan: ailàs
Old English: ēalā
Persian: افسوس (fa) (afsus), آوخ (fa) (âvax), وای (fa) (vây)
Polish: biada (pl)
Portuguese: ai de mim, heu (pt), guai (pt)
Romanian: vai (ro)
Russian: увы́ (ru) (uvý), ах (ru) (ax)
Scottish Gaelic: och, mo thruaighe, mo chreach, mo sgal
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: јо̑ј, ја̏о, ле̏ле, ку̏кӯ, (literary) а̀ва̄ј
Roman: jȏj (sh), jȁo (sh), lȅle, kȕkū (sh), (literary) àvāj (sh)
Slovak: bohužiaľ
Spanish: ay (es), ay de mí, aymé (disused), aj (es) (disused), ax (es) (ash), ay me (disused), vay (es) (Latin America), jeu (es) (El Salvador), guay (es), en fin, ni modo
Sranan Tongo: ke
Swedish: ack (sv)
Telugu: అయ్యో (te) (ayyō)
Thai: อนิจจา (à-nít-jaa), โถ (th) (tǒo), โธ่ (th) (tôo), พิโธ่, พุทโธ่ (th), พุทถัง, อพิโถ, อพิโธ่, อพิโธ่อพิถัง, พุทโธ่พุทถัง, อพิโธ่พิถัง
Tibetan: ཀྱེ (kye), ཀྱཻ (kyai), ཀྱེ་མ (kye ma), ཀྱི་ཧུད (kyi hud), ཀྱེ་མ་ཧུད (kye ma hud)
Turkish: ah (tr), aman (tr), eyvah (tr)
Welsh: och fi, gwae fi, druan ohonof :

### Etymology 2

From Yakut алаас (alaas).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈlɑːs/, /əˈlæs/

#### Noun

alas (plural alases or alasses)
* A type of geological depression which occurs in Yakutia, formed by the subsidence of permafrost.
    Alternative forms: alass, alaas

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* AALS, ALSA, LAAS, Lasa, aals, sala

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* alasu, las, lasu

### Etymology

From Latin laxō. Compare Romanian lăsa, las.

### Verb

alas first-singular present indicative (past participle alãsatã)
* to let, allow
* to leave (something), drop

#### Derived terms

* paralas
* alãsãtonj

#### Related terms

* alãsari / alãsare
* alãsat
* alãsãturã

## Balinese
### Romanization

alas
* Romanization of ᬳᬮᬲ᭄.

## Cebuano
### Etymology 1

Blend of a +‎ las. From Spanish a las.

#### Adverb

alas
* o'clock

### Etymology 2

From Spanish as.

#### Noun

alas
* (card games) an ace; a card with a single spot
* a trump card

## Estonian
### Noun

alas
* inessive singular of ala

## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* alaha (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alas. Equivalent to ala- (“lower, under”) +‎ -s (s-lative singular).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑlɑs/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝s̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑlɑs
* Hyphenation: alas

### Adverb

alas (comparative alemmaksi or alemmas, superlative alimmaksi or alimmas)
* down, downward, downwards

#### Inflection

Declension of ala-
noun case
singular
pluraladverbial form
singular
plural
nominative
ala-
–superessive
alhaalla
genitive
–delative
alhaalta
partitive
–sublative
alhaalle
accusative
–lative
alas
inessive
–temporal
elative
–causative
illative
–multiplicative
adessive
alla
–distributive
ablative
alta
–temp. dist.
allative
alle
–prolative
ali alitse
essive
–situative
allekkain (alakkain)
translative
–oppositive
alatusten
abessive
instructive
comitative

#### Synonyms

* alhaalle

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “down; downward”): ylös

### Interjection

alas
* (followed by a nominative) down with (e.g. in demonstrations)
    Alas rikolliset!Down with the criminals!

### Verb

alas
* second-person singular present imperative of alkaa (with enclitic -s)

#### Derived terms

* alaspäin
* alasajo
* alasampuminen
* alaskirjata
* alaskirjaus
* alaskvarkki
* alaslaskettava
* alaslaskettu
* alaslasku
* Alaspää
* alassuin
* Alastalo
* alastulo
* alasvetovalikko
* alasvetovastus
* alasvetäjä
* ylösalainen
* ylösalaisin

### Further reading

* “alas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* sala, sala-

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.las/
* Hyphenation: a‧las

### Etymology 1

From Malay alas (“base, layer”), from Classical Malay الس (alas).

#### Noun

alas (plural alas-alas)
* base, foundation
* layer, lining, covering

##### Synonyms

* dasar
* basis
* lapik

##### Derived terms

* alasan
* beralas
* beralasan
* beralaskan
* dialas
* mengalas
* mengalasi
* mengalaskan
* alas baju
* alas bedak
* alas bedak cair
* alas bedak krim
* alas bedak padat
* alas bunga
* alas cawan
* alas dada
* alas dalam
* alas erosi
* alas gurun
* alas kaki
* alas kata
* alas kepala
* alas kubur
* alas lantai
* alas leher
* alas meja
* alas perut
* alas peti
* alas rumah
* alas talkin
* alas tempat tidur
* alas tidur
* alas tilam

### Etymology 2

From Javanese alas (ꦲꦭꦱ꧀, “forest”), from Old Javanese alas (“forest”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas (“forest, wilderness, woods, jungle”), from Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”). Cognate to Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas, “forest”).

#### Noun

alas (plural alas-alas)
* forest
    Synonyms: hutan, rimba, wana

### Etymology 3

From Javanese [Term?].

#### Noun

alas (plural alas-alas)
* rope on a small boat balancer

### Further reading

* “alas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alas. Cognates include Finnish alas and dialectal Estonian alas.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɑlɑs/, [ˈɑɫɑz̠]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɑlɑs/, [ˈɑɫɑʒ̥]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈɑlɑs/, [ˈɑɫɑʒ̥]
* Rhymes: -ɑlɑs
* Hyphenation: a‧las

### Adverb

alas
* Synonym of allaa
** 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 13:Yks, kaks! Alas läks. Yks! Kaks! Ympäär plaks!One, two! Down you go. One! Two! Around you plop down!

#### Derived terms

* alaspäin
* alasvaahto
* alasvirta

#### Related terms

* See ala-

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 11
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 19

## Javanese
### Romanization

alas
* Romanization of ꦲꦭꦱ꧀

## Latin
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.laːs/, [ˈäːɫ̪äːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.las/, [ˈäːläs]

#### Noun

ālās
* accusative plural of āla

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.laːs/, [ˈäɫ̪äːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.las/, [ˈäːläs]

#### Verb

alās
* second-person singular present active subjunctive of alō

### References

* "alas", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Latvian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.las/

### Noun

alas f
* inflection of ala:
** genitive singular
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.las/
* Rhymes: -alas, -las, -as

### Noun

alas (Jawi spelling الس, plural alas-alas, informal 1st possessive alasku, 2nd possessive alasmu, 3rd possessive alasnya)
* base, framework, layer, pad, foundation

#### Derived terms

* alas baju
* alas bantal
* alas cawan
* alas kaki
* alas kubur
* alas meja
* alas muatan
* alas perut
* alas peti
* alas ternang
* alas tilam
* alasan

### Further reading

* “alas” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Middle English
### Etymology

from Old French a las.

### Interjection

alas
* alas
** 1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Morte Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 451, verso, lines 13–14:Alas ſeyde quene Gwenyu[er] now ar we myſcheved bothe //“Alas!” said Queen Guinevere, “now are we mischieved both!”

#### Descendants

* English: alas

## Mirandese
### Noun

alas
* plural of ala

## Occitan
### Noun

alas
* plural of ala

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas (“forest, wilderness, woods, jungle”), from Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”).

### Noun

alas
* wood, forest
* quantity of flowers or plants growing in a thick cluster

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas)
** → Indonesian: alas

### Further reading

* "alas" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Spanish
### Noun

alas
* plural of ala

## Old Sundanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas (“forest, wilderness, woods, jungle”), from Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”).

### Noun

alas
* wood, forest
* (by extension) land, territory
** (Can we date this quote?), Bujangga Manik:Sadatang ka tungtung Sunda, meuntasing di Cipamali, datang ka alas Jawa.When I've reached the limits of Sunda, I crossed the Pamali river, and came to the lands of Java.

#### Descendants

* > Sundanese: alas (inherited)

## Portuguese
### Noun

alas
* plural of ala

### Verb

alas
* second-person singular present indicative of alar

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

àlās m (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла̄с)
* alternative form of hàlās

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈalas/ [ˈa.las]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -alas
* Syllabification: a‧las

### Noun

alas f pl
* plural of ala

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Old Sundanese alas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas (“forest, wilderness, woods, jungle”), from Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”).

### Noun

alas (Sundanese script ᮃᮜᮞ᮪)
* forest
    Synonym: leuweung

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish al as.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈlas/ [ʔɐˈlas]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: a‧las

#### Noun

alás (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜐ᜔)
* (card games) ace
    Synonym: eis
* (figuratively, by extension) trump card

##### Derived terms

* alas na bastos
* alas na espada
* alas na kopas
* alas na oros

##### See also

Playing cards in Tagalog · baraha (layout · text) :
| alas | dos | tres | kuwatro | singko | seis | siyete |
| otso | nuwebe | diyes | kabayo, sota | reyna | hari | diyoker, payaso |

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish a las.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈlas/ [ʔɐˈlas]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: a‧las

#### Adverb

alás (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜐ᜔)
* o'clock (except for one o' clock)
    Synonym: (for one o' clock) ala

##### Related terms

* ala-una
* alarma
* alas-diyes
* alas-dos
* alas-dose
* alas-kuwatro
* alas-nuwebe
* alas-onse
* alas-otso
* alas-seis
* alas-singko
* alas-siyete
* alas-tres
* mabilis sa alas-kuwatro

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ʔaˈlas/ [ʔɐˈlas] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -as
** IPA: /ˈʔalas/ [ˈʔaː.lɐs] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -alas
* Syllabification: a‧las

#### Adjective

alás (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜐ᜔)
* cut short and even

#### Noun

alas (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜐ᜔)
* act of cutting or lopping off growth evenly
    Synonym: palas

##### Derived terms

* alasin

### References

* “alas”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Zorc, David Paul (1979–1983) Core Etymological Dictionary of Filipino: Part 1, page 9

### Anagrams

* laas, asal, alsa, sala, lasa

## Tetum
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas, from Proto-Austronesian *Salas.

### Noun

alas
* forest