# kipper
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɪpə(ɹ)/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪpə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Old English cypera (“male salmon”), perhaps related to Old English coper (“reddish-brown metal”) (see copper), on resemblance of color. Another theory connects it to kip (“sharp, hooked lower jaw of the male salmon in breeding season”), from Middle English kippen (“to seize, snatch”), but OED doubts this.

#### Noun

kipper (plural kippers)
* A split, salted and smoked herring or salmon.
* A male salmon after spawning.
* (military, RAF World War II code name) A patrol to protect fishing boats in the Irish and North Seas against attack from the air.
** 1941, L. Walmsley, Fishermen at War:Kipper, I discovered, was airman's slang for a fishing boat. The chief function of this particular station was the escorting of convoys and fishing fleets, and the section which had the latter duty to perform was known as the ‘Kipper Patrol’.
** 1943, J. L. Hunt, A. G. Pringle, Service Slang, page 42:Kipper-kites, aircraft engaged on convoy escort duties over the North Sea and usually giving protection to the fishing-vessels.
* (UK, naval slang) A torpedo.
** 1953, Mars Unbroken:As she was only crawling along I aimed my first ‘kipper’ just a fraction ahead of her bows.
** 1959, G. Jenkins, Twist of Sand:I evaluate its firing power at eighteen torpedoes—I think kipper is a distressing piece of naval slang—in thirty minutes.
** 2009, Jean Hood, Submarine, page 197:'Fancy running the risk of getting a kipper [a torpedo] to go with his grub.'
* (Australia, slang) An Englishman who has moved to Australia.
** 1946, R. Rivett, Behind Bamboo 397:1 Kipper, Englishman
** 1946 August 8, Sunday Sun (Sydney):An able seaman on a kipper warship called the Eagle.
** 1963 May 24, Times Literary Supplement:Quite often they [sc. English immigrants in Australia] are referred to as Kippers.
** 1967, K. Giles, Death & Mr. Prettyman:You kippers—no guts and two faces—are only strong under the armpits... What about the east of Suez caper, eh?
* (Australia) A young Aboriginal man who has been initiated into to the rights of manhood.
** 1841, C. Eipper, German Mission to Aborigines:With these weapons the natives invest their young men at the age of from fourteen to sixteen years... These young men are then called kippers, and for the first time enjoy the privilege of taking an active part in the fight.
** 1853, H. B. Jones, Adventures Australian, page 126:Around us sat ‘Kippers’, i.e. ‘hobbledehoy blacks’.
** 1885, R. C. Praed, Australian Life:A ceremony at which the young men..receive the rank of warriors and are henceforth called Kippers.
* A fool.
** 1899, Laura Ormiston Chant, Sellcuts' Manager, page 253:Don't push so, 'Liza; you're a-knockin' my 'at off, yer silly kipper!'
** 2010, Frederick Lees, The Malayan Life of Ferdach O'Haney:'Marriage during the Emergency isn't for me. I think of Alyson Carew. But carrying on with another officer's wife, well, separated wife; won't it affect my career?' 'Don't be a silly kipper.'
** 2018, Rosemary Goring, Scotland: Her Story:Why didn't he go to the May Island, the silly kipper that he was, and bring us all back a nice wee lass instead of you, you nasty brat!'
* (endearing) A child or young person.
** 1907 April 10, Punch:Half-a-dozen dreadfully common young bicyclists were commenting on her discomfiture with delighted exclamations of ‘Giddy old Kipper’, ‘Sweet Seventeen’, ‘Cheero, Maudie—you'll win!’
** 1923, M. M. Gibb, Hetherington's Affinity:If you're enterprizing enough to climb one of the trees christened by usage ‘The Kipper's Tree’, which hardly needs to be translated into plainer terms.
** 1959, I. Opie, P. Opie, Lore & Language:A chap who has got duck's disease is most often labelled ‘Tich’... Alternatively: ankle biter,..kipper, microbe, midge, [etc.].
* (UK, slang) The vagina.

##### Derived terms

* dead as a kipper
* kipper tie
* kipper time
* done up like a kipper
* flip the kipper
* stitched up like a kipper

##### Translations
#### Verb

kipper (third-person singular simple present kippers, present participle kippering, simple past and past participle kippered)
* (cooking) To prepare (a herring or similar fish) by splitting, salting, and smoking.
** 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, chapter 49, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:There was kippered salmon, and Finnan haddocks, and a lamb's head, and a haggis […]
* (by extension) To damage or treat with smoke.
** 1935, Edward Frederic Benson, The Worshipful Lucia, page 252:"Your own fault. Did you imagine I was going to live on a gasring, because you wouldn't have your chimney repaired?" Then Diva got a tenant in spite of the kippered bathroom, and moved to a dilapidated hovel close beside the railway line, which she got for half the rent which she received for her house.
** 2011, Derek Robinson, War Story:“When I was in 23 Squadron,” Mayo said,”we had a pilot who could blow smoke through his ears.” “That doesn't make him dotty,” Goss said. “It might have kippered his brains,” Jimmy Duncan suggested.
** 2012, Zoe Barnes, Just Married:So she let herself be crammed into a corner of the smelliest pub in town, slowly kippering in a haze of other people's cigarette smoke.
** 2020, James Nelson Roebuck, Red Flags:The gorgeous exhalation of millions of gaspers and fags and tabs and snouts and pipes and – my personal favourite– Panatelas, had kippered my walls for a century and a quarter.
* To dry out with heat or harsh chemicals; to desiccate.
** 1930, E. F. Benson, As We Were - A Victorian Peep Show:She was the daintiest and most exquisite little figure imaginable, never did she stir out of doors without layers of veil to protect her from the kippering effects of sun and wind, and she preserved untouched by unguents or “mess” the complexion of a girl, smooth and soft and unwrinkled.
** 1995, Rosamunde Pilcher, Three Complete Novels, page 102:The beach was littered with palm-thatch umbrellas and half-naked, kippering bodies, and the Marina packed with seagoing craft of every description.
** 2004, Trevor Clark, Good Second Class (but Not Even C.3), page 58:He taught us to soak our feet with meths and pot permang , kippering them hard and black , preventing blisters.
** 2005, David M. Addison, An Italian Journey: A Sort of Latter-Day Mini Grand Tour, page 28:Even the smell of aviation fuel from departing aircraft would be better than being kippered in here.
* To drink or give a drink of alcohol, especially to intoxication.
** 1995, Anne Douglas, Miss Caroline's Deception, page 106:No man should appear at his day's labors unless well kippered. May I kipper you, madam ”
** 2009, Rex Beach, The Silver Horde:Come over and have a drink. […] I'm half kippered myself.
** 2015, Michael Hastings, The Cutting of the Cloth:'And you keep your oath now, that you'll never drink again, Spijak?'... That's right girl that's my word. He lifts out a half finished bottle of vodka and takes a pull at it. ...and you won't be kippering none more than I can help.
* To punish by spanking or caning.
** 1902, James Brunton Stephens, The Poetical Works, page 262:Where of old, with awful mysteries and diabolic din, They “kippered” adolescents in the presence of their kin
** 1985, Stephen Hunter, The Spanish Gambit:He's liable to get himself kippered on something hairbrained.
** 2015, Michael Volpe, Noisy at the wrong times: (Battles with myself), page 86:Right there and then, we all vowed to avoid a 'kippering' from Morris. And there was no doubt that we admired Rob for taking the beating and not to be crying his eyes out twelve hours later.
* To lead astray or frame; to cause to get into trouble.
** 1877, William Douglas Hamilton, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, page 511:As for Mr. Mowbray you must know that he is not only the chief plotter, inventor, and spreader abroad of all these base calumnies, but he did also, like a fool, vent before his going home, to one whom he though had not been my friend, that he had taken notes of all words spoken by me in Scotland, and that he would construct and relate them to the Marquis of Hamilton, and so kipper me at the King's hands, that I should have no more pension.
** 2005 March 16, “Mark Seddon, 'How I was kippered by my party,'”, in The Guardian:(see title)
** 2010, Tom Cain, Assassin, page 206:Carver had been kippered and he knew it. He'd been framed good and proper. caught redhanded. still holding on to the phone like an absolute idiot.
** 2010, Graham Hurley, Borrowed Light:How he'd specialised in kippering a long line of informants, only to get totally kippered himself by this very same tom.
* To utterly defeat or humiliate.
** 2001, Rachel Wright, The True Mystery of the Mary Celeste, page 27:Were the missing crewmen kippered by a squid?
** 2004, Jonathan Blyth, Law of the Playground, page 108:while clearly holding a banana in front of the proposed kippering victim if he replied with a straight answer to the question then he had been "kippered", and the correct response of the kipperer was to adopt a dramatically pained expression and look away while exhaling heavily, usually following up with the phrase, "Ooh, kippered him a treat.
** 2007, Michael O'Neill, The All-Sustaining Air:Reviewing himself, Fisher writes with characteristic wryness: 'I think he's a Romantic, gutted and kippered by two centuries' hard knocks.'
** 2011, Steve Stern, The Frozen Rabbi, page 98:Chana Bindl, having been revived, grew distressed again at the revelation that the rooms she so scrupulously scoured had remained full of grime, while her husband stood chewing his whiskers, conflicted in his kippered heart.
** 2011, Colin MacFarlane, No Mean Glasgow, page ?:That’s how they got Al Capone, you know: the taxman kippered him up.

#### Adjective

kipper (comparative more kipper, superlative most kipper)
* (fishing, especially of salmon) Out of season.
** 1861, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Reports from Commissioners - Volume 23, page 523:These were kipper salmon, and an acquaintance of mine living at Burton Rowbottom who was trolling for pike at Yoxall, near to King's Bromley, got a run, five years ago, and caught a beautiful salmon weighting 25 lbs.
** 1888, Great Britain. Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace (North Riding of Yorkshire), John Christopher Atkinson, Quarter Sessions Records - Volume 6, page 43:the milner of Brignall for that he doth usually keep in the back beck a fishlock in the river called Gill Beck, below his mill and the forebeck of another fishlock [sic] above the mill, whereby he taketh and destroyeth much fish, to wit —routs, at his pleasure, and taketh, etc. divers fish when they are kipper and out of season;
** 1898, Alfred Erskine Gathorne-Hardy, The Salmon, page 15:Walton next tells us that the he-salmon is usually bigger than the spawner; that he is more kipper and less able to endure a winter in the fresh water than she is, yet she is, at that time of looking less kipper and better, as watery and as bad meat.'
** 1923, New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives, Journal. Appendix, page 17:Three weeks ago 25 per cent of the salmon running were kipper salmon.
* (of a tie) Very wide, shaped like a kipper.
** 2005, Christoph Grunenberg, Jonathan P. Harris, Summer of Love, page 213:Blades initiated a regeneration in modern British tailoring that from the mid-sixties began by flirting somewhat uneasily with the hippie style -- its most flamboyant exponent being Michael Fish, who opened premises in Piccadilly in 1966, introducing the kipper tie , Russian-style side-fastening tunics, see-through shirts and mini skirts for men.
** 2013, Malcolm Philips, Jobsworth: Confessions of the Man from the Council:The trousers became more flared, the ties more kipper, and, the crowning glory (at least I thought so), was thatI was the first in my department to sport a pink shirt.
** 2017, Jean A. Stockdale, My Spring: Royal Times and Ordinary Lives:Dad bought a red Scotch plaid tie, very near to 'kipper' size, but mum was still wearing flared skirts below the knee.
** 2021, Brian Cunningham, Under the Bonnet: Confessions of a 1970s and '80s Car Mechanic:Wide lapels, but not too wide – this wasn't 1973 any more for Christ's sake – a three-button waistband on the flared trousers, not too flared, platform shoes, not ridiculously high, kipper tie, not too kipper.

### Etymology 2

Short form of UKIP +‎ -er, influenced by kipper, the type of fish.

#### Noun

kipper (plural kippers)
* (UK, informal, humorous, often with capital) A member or supporter of UKIP (UK Independence Party).

### Etymology 3

Perhaps akin to Old Norse kjapt (“briskly; impetuously”), kippa ("to snatch; pull; jerk" > Middle English kippen (“to seize”)), kipra (“to wrinkle; draw tightly”), Norwegian kjapp (“fast; brisk”), Dutch kippen (“to seize; catch; grip”). More at kip.

#### Adjective

kipper (comparative more kipper, superlative most kipper)
* (UK, dialect) lively; chipper; nimble.
** 1900, Harvey Buxon, Our Remarkable Fledger, page 180:Thus he goes on, from morn till eve, from season to season, year in and year out, semingly impervious to the weather, being altogether too kipper and grievous to be taken with anything worse than a ' snivelly cold . '
** 1929, Geoffrey Dell Eaton, Senator George W. Norris, General William Mitchell, Don C.Seltz, Elisabeth W. Smith, Plain Talk - Volume 5, page 63:There's others won't come up so kipper if they daon't easy orf a bit.
** 2014, John Collier, Tim Bobbin's Tummus and Meary:Nay—heaw—so—Tummus; goo theaw an smeawtch Seroh o' Rutchot's iv yo bin so kipper.

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Middle Low German schippere, cognate to English skipper. Dialectal "kippar" is loaned from a Scandinavian language. Compare Old Swedish skipari.

### Noun

kipper (genitive kipri, partitive kiprit)
* skipper.
* Head of a small ship.

#### Declension
### References

* http://www.eki.ee/dict/ety/index.cgi?Q=kipper&F=M&C06=et