# فستق
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Middle Persian pstk' (pistag), if not via Aramaic פסתקא, פיסתקא, ܦܷܣܬܩܐ, ܦܘܣܬܩܐ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fus.tuq/, /fus.taq/

### Noun

فُسْتُق or فُسْتَق • (fustuq or fustaq) m
* pistachio (Pistacia vera tree and fruit)

#### Synonyms

* فُسْتُق حَلَبِيّ (fustuq ḥalabiyy)

#### Derived terms

* فُسْتُقِيّ (fustuqiyy)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: fosdoq
* → Middle Armenian: ֆստուխ (fstux)
** Armenian: ֆստըխ (fstəx), ֆըստըխ (fəstəx), ֆստխ (fstx), ֆստուղ (fstuġ), ֆստուխ (fstux), փստուղ (pʻstuġ), փստուխ (pʻstux)
* → Old Catalan: festuchs, festuch, festuc
** Catalan: festuc
* → Spanish: alfóncigo, alfónsigo, alfóstiga
* → Middle French: festuce, festue
* → Old Occitan: festuc
** →⇒ Old Occitan: fustet
*** Occitan: fustet
*** → Middle French: fustet, fustel, fustec, fustot
**** French: fustet, fustel, fustic, fustoc
***** → English: fustet, fustic, fustoc
***** → German: Fustet, Fustic, Fustetholz, Fusticholz, Fisetholz
***** → Spanish: fustoc
*** → Piedmontese: fustot
* → Persian: فستق (fostoq, fostaq)
** → Ottoman Turkish: فستق (fıstık)
*** Turkish: fıstık
*** → Albanian: fistik, fëstëk
*** → Belarusian: фісташка (fistaška) (influenced by French pistache)
*** → Bulgarian: фъстъ́к (fǎstǎ́k)
*** → Crimean Tatar: fıstıq
*** → English: fistichnut, fisticknut, fistinut
*** → Middle French: fistique
*** → Greek: φιστίκι (fistíki)
*** → Ladino: fustuk
*** → Macedonian: фастак (fastak), ф’стак (f’stak)
*** → Portuguese: fistico
*** → Romanian: fistic
*** → Russian: фиста́шка (fistáška)
**** → Armenian: ֆիստաշկա (fistaška)
**** → Bashkir: фисташка (fistaşka)
**** → Georgian: ფისტაშკა (pisṭašḳa) (informal)
**** → Polish: fistaszek
**** → Yiddish: פֿיסטאַשקע (fistashke)
*** → Ukrainian: фіста́шка (fistáška) (influenced by French pistache)
* → Portuguese: alfóstico, alfóstigo, fóstico
* → Swahili: fistiki
* → Indonesian: fustuk

### References

* “pstq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 80

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فُسْتُق (fustuq), from Middle Persian pstk' (pistag, “pistachio nut”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fus.tuɡ/, [fʊs.tʊɡ]

### Noun

فُسْتُق • (fustug) m (collective, singulative فُسْتُقَة f (fustuga))
* pistachio (Pistacia vera)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فُسْتُق (fustuq, “pistachio”).

### Noun

فستق • (fıstık)
* pistachio nut, the nutlike fruit of pistachio (Pistacia vera)

#### Derived terms

* فستق آغاجی (fıstık ağacı, “pistachio tree”)
* فستقلق (fistıklık, “pistachio field”)
* فستقی (fıstıkî, “pistachio green”)
* چام فستغی (çam fıstığı, “pine nut”)
* یر فستغی (yer fıstığı, “peanut”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: fıstık
* → Albanian: fistik, fëstëk
* → Belarusian: фісташка (fistaška) (influenced by French pistache)
* → Bulgarian: фъстъ́к (fǎstǎ́k)
* → Crimean Tatar: fıstıq
* → English: fistichnut, fisticknut, fistinut
* → Middle French: fistique
* → Greek: φιστίκι (fistíki)
* → Ladino: fustuk
* → Macedonian: фастак (fastak), ф’стак (f’stak)
* → Portuguese: fistico
* → Romanian: fistic
* → Russian: фиста́шка (fistáška)
** → Armenian: ֆիստաշկա (fistaška)
** → Bashkir: фисташка (fistaşka)
** → Georgian: ფისტაშკა (pisṭašḳa) (informal)
** → Polish: fistaszek
** → Yiddish: פֿיסטאַשקע (fistashke)
* → Ukrainian: фіста́шка (fistáška) (influenced by French pistache)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “fıstık”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1583
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “فستق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 343b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فستق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 898
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pistachium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1304
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فستق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3520
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “fıstık”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فستق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1384

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فُسْتُق (fustuq), from Middle Persian pstk' (pistag, “pistachio nut”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fus.toʔ/, [ˈfʊs.toʔ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

فستق • (fustuʔ) m (collective, singulative فستقة f (fustuʔa), paucal فستقات (fustuʔāt))
* peanuts
    Synonym: (formal) فول سوداني (fūl sūdānī)
* pistachios
    Synonym: فستق حلبي (fustuʔ ḥálabi, literally “Aleppo peanuts”)
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
فستقة / حبّة فستق ― fustoʔa / ḥabbet fustoʔ ― a peanut / pistachio