# cruz
## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin crux, crucem (“cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).

### Noun

cruz f (plural cruzes)
* cross

### References

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “cruz”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese cruz, from Latin crux, crucem (“cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾuθ/ [ˈkɾuθ]
* IPA: (standard) /ˈkɾuθ/ [ˈkɾuθ]
* IPA: (seseo) /ˈkɾus/ [ˈkɾus]
* Rhymes: -uθ
* Rhymes: -uθ
* Rhymes: -us

### Noun

cruz f (plural cruces)
* cross (geometrical figure)
* cross (the symbol of Christianity)
    Synonyms: cruceiro, crucifixo
* withers
    Synonyms: agulla, cernella
* cross (device to execute criminals)
* (heraldry) cross (heraldic charge)

#### Derived terms

* Cruces
* Entrecruces
* Santa Cruz

#### Related terms

* cruceiro
* crucial
* crucificar
* cruzada
* cruzado
* cruzar
* encrucillada

### References

* “cruz”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cruz”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cruz”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cruz”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cruz”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cruz”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* crruz, crus, crux

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin crucem (“cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾud͡z/

### Noun

cruz f (plural cruzes)
* cross
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 318 (facsimile):Como ſanta maria ſſe uingou do crerigo que furtou a prata da cruz.How Holy Mary avenged Herself on the cleric who stole the silver from the cross.

#### Related terms

* crucificar
* crucifixo
* cruzada
* cruzado
* cruzar
* par Deus de Cruz

#### Descendants

* Fala: cru
* Galician: cruz
* Portuguese: cruz (see there for further descendants)

### References

* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “cruz”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cruz”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cruz”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antônio Geraldo da Cunha (2020–2025) “cruz”, in Vocabulário histórico-cronológico do Português Medieval (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cruz, from Latin crucem (“cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkɾu(j)s/ [ˈkɾu(ɪ̯)s]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkɾu(j)s/ [ˈkɾu(ɪ̯)s]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈkɾu(j)ʃ/ [ˈkɾu(ɪ̯)ʃ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkɾuʃ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -us, (Portugal) -uʃ
* Homophones: Cruz, crus
* Hyphenation: cruz

### Noun

cruz f (plural cruzes)
* cross (geometrical figure)
* cross (the symbol of Christianity)
    Synonyms: cruzeiro, crucifixo
** 1959, Marino Pinto, Zé da Zilda (lyrics and music), “Aos Pés da Cruz”, in Chega de Saudade, performed by João Gilberto, Odeon Records:Aos pés da Santa Cruz / Você se ajoelhou / E em nome de Jesus / Um grande amor você jurouAt the foot of the Holy Cross / You kneeled / And in the name of Jesus / You swore a great love
* cross (device to execute criminals)
* (heraldry) cross (heraldic charge)

#### Derived terms

* Santa Cruz

#### Related terms

* cruci-
* cruciação
* crucial
* cruciante
* cruciar
* cruciário
* crucífera
* cruciferário
* crucífero
* crucificação
* crucificado
* crucificamento
* crucificar
* crucifixão
* crucifixar
* crucifixo
* cruciforme
* cruzada
* cruzado
* cruzador
* cruzamento
* cruzar
* cruzeiro
* cruzeta
* cruzetado
* encruzamento
* encruzar
* encruzilhada
* encruzilhar

#### Descendants

* Kabuverdianu: krus
* Papiamentu: krus
* → Bengali: ক্রুশ (kruś)
* → Hindi: क्रूश (krūś)
* → Lingala: kurúzɛ
* → Malayalam: കുരിശ് (kuriśŭ), ക്രൂശ് (krūśŭ)
* → Sinhalese: කුරුසය (kurusaya)
* → Tamil: குருசு (kurucu)
* → Old Tupi: krusá
** Old Tupi: (LGA, LGP) kurusá

### Further reading

* “cruz” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin crux.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈkɾuθ/ [ˈkɾuθ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈkɾus/ [ˈkɾus]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -uθ
* Rhymes: -us
* Syllabification: cruz

### Noun

cruz f (plural cruces)
* cross
* (heraldry) cross
* (figuratively) torture; misery
* tails (side of a coin)
    Antonym: cara

#### Usage notes

* cruz is a false friend and does not mean cruise. The Spanish word for cruise is crucero.

#### Derived terms

* adelante con la cruz
* árbol de la cruz
* buque de cruz
* caballero gran cruz
* cara o cruz
* cata la cruz
* cruz andina
* cruz de Alcántara
* cruz de Borgoña
* cruz de Calatrava
* cruz de Caravaca
* cruz de Jerusalén
* cruz de Montesa
* cruz de Salomón
* cruz de san Andrés
* cruz de Santiago
* cruz de tau
* Cruz del Sur
* cruz gamada
* cruz maltesa
* Cruz Roja
* cruz y raya
* en cruz
* gran cruz
* hacerle la cruz
* hacerse la cruz
* peso de cruz
* producto cruz
* punto de cruz
* Santa Cruz
* señal de la cruz
* vela de cruz
* víbora de la cruz

#### Related terms

* cruce
* cruciar
* crucifijo
* cruzada
* cruzado
* cruzar

#### Descendants

* → Guaraní: kurusu
* → Southeastern Tepehuan: kuruus
* → Tagalog: krus

### Further reading

* “cruz”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10