# 臭

| 臭 | U+81ED, &#33261; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81ED |
| ← 臬 [U+81EC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臮 → [U+81EE] |
| 臭 | U+FA5C, &#64092; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA5C |
| ← 者 [U+FA5B] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 艹 → [U+FA5D] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 臭 |
| Simplified | 臭 |
| Traditional | 臭 |

### Alternative forms

* In Japanese shinjitai, the bottom component is simplified to 大, rather than the traditional 犬 (“dog”).
** This character has technically been encoded in Unicode as 𦤀 (U+26900) but is not used in Japanese computing; instead, the character 臭 (U+81ED) changes appearance depending on the font.
** A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA5C for the kyūjitai form used in Japanese which contains 犬 as its bottom component.

### Han character

臭 (Kangxi radical 132, 自+4 in Chinese, 自+3 in Japanese, 10 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹山戈大 (HUIK), four-corner 2643$_0$, composition ⿱自犬(GHTKV or U+FA5C) or ⿱自大(J))

#### Derived characters

* 嗅, 𡏣, 搝, 溴, 𨻬, 𣗬, 㱗, 殠, 𭵩, 𤚯, 𮀹, 糗, 䍹, 螑, 𦤟, 䠗, 𦤣, 𩈸, 𩝠(𬳌), 𩡗, 𦤪, 𦤮, 𦒥, 𨞑, 𥽙, 齅
* 𧽒, 鄓, 𦤕, 𦤚, 𭸫, 𦤠, 𦤡, 𫇌, 𬛯, 𦤦, 𰯷, 𦤨, 𦤧, 𦤬, 𦤭, 𦤯, 𦤰, 𦤱, 𫇍, 𬔏, 𨶑(𰿸)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1000, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30103
* Dae Jaweon: page 1456, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3047, character 4
* Unihan data for U+81ED
* Unihan data for U+FA5C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臭 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 臭 | *kʰljus |
| 殠 | *kʰljus, *qʰluʔ |
| 糗 | *kʰluʔ |
| 嗅 | *qʰlus, *qʰluŋs |
| 齅 | *qʰlus |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 犬 (“dog”) + 自 (“nose”), referring to the dog's strong sense of smell.

### Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers it to be cognate with 犨 (OC *kʰju, “sound of an ox breathing”) and connects it to Burmese ဟိုက် (huik, “to pant”).
Also compare 朽 (OC *qʰluʔ, “to rot; to decay”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chòu (chou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cu$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhàu / chhiù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cao$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsheu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chou$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chòu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻou$^4$
*** Yale: chòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chow
*** Palladius: чоу (čou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^3$
*** Yale: chau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu
*** Hakka Romanization System: cu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàu
*** Tâi-lô: tshàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaux
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiù
*** Tâi-lô: tshiù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiux
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiu²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiu⁴¹/
* chhàu - vernacular;
* chhiù - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyhuwH
Rime :
| Character | 臭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 尺救切 |
| Baxter | tsyhuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-qʰu(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰljus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 臭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*t-qʰu(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | odor, to stink (intransitive)? |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1535 |
| Phonetic component | 臭 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 臭 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰljus/ |

#### Definitions

臭
* bad smell
    體臭／体臭 ― tǐchòu ― body odour
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Yī xūn yī yóu, shínián shàng yóu yǒu chòu. [Pinyin]
    There is a fragrant herb, and a noisome one; And ten years hence the noisomeness will continue.
* bad name; bad reputation
    遺臭萬年／遗臭万年 ― yíchòuwànnián ― to go down in history as a byword of infamy
* smelly; stinky
    臭豆腐 ― chòudòufu ― stinky tofu
       Yǒurén juéde liúlián hěn chòu, yě yǒurén juéde hěn xiāng. [Pinyin]
       Some people think durian is stinky, while others think it smells good.
* ugly; repulsive
    臭架子 ― chòujiàzi ― stinking pretension
* fiercely
    臭罵／臭骂 ― chòumà ― to scold fiercely
* bad; poor (luck, skill, etc)

#### Compounds

* 不知香臭
* 口臭 (kǒuchòu)
* 惡臭 / 恶臭 (èchòu)
* 捧臭腳 / 捧臭脚 (pěng chòujiǎo)
* 播惡遺臭 / 播恶遗臭
* 淫汙穢臭 / 淫污秽臭
* 渾身銅臭 / 浑身铜臭
* 狐臭 (húchòu)
* 狐騷臭 / 狐骚臭
* 發臭 / 发臭 (fāchòu)
* 胡臭 (húchòu)
* 脫臭 / 脱臭
* 腋臭 (yèchòu)
* 腐臭 (fǔchòu)
* 腥臭 (xīngchòu)
* 臭不可當 / 臭不可当
* 臭不可聞 / 臭不可闻
* 臭么
* 臭乎乎
* 臭侷
* 臭名 (chòumíng)
* 臭名昭彰
* 臭名昭著 (chòumíngzhāozhù)
* 臭名遠揚 / 臭名远扬
* 臭嚼
* 臭屁 (chòupì)
* 臭彈 / 臭弹 (chhàu-tōaⁿ) (Hokkien)
* 臭恭維 / 臭恭维
* 臭打
* 臭排場 / 臭排场
* 臭架子 (chòujiàzi)
* 臭椿 (chòuchūn)
* 臭死
* 臭氧 (chòuyǎng)
* 臭氣 / 臭气 (chòuqì)
* 臭氧層 / 臭氧层 (chòuyǎngcéng)
* 臭氣沖天 / 臭气冲天
* 臭泥
* 臭烘烘 (chòuhōnghōng)
* 臭獾 (chòuhuān)
* 臭皮匠 (chòupíjiàng)
* 臭皮囊
* 臭短臊長 / 臭短臊长
* 臭罵 / 臭骂 (chòumà)
* 臭美 (chòuměi)
* 臭耳聾 / 臭耳聋 (chhàu-hīⁿ-lâng) (Hokkien)
* 臭肉來蠅 / 臭肉来蝇
* 臭腺
* 臭腳丫子 / 臭脚丫子
* 臭蓋 / 臭盖
* 臭蟲 / 臭虫 (chòuchóng)
* 臭街爛巷 / 臭街烂巷
* 臭豆
* 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
* 臭錢 / 臭钱 (chòuqián)
* 臭頭 / 臭头 (chòutóu)
* 臭鼬 (chòuyòu)
* 逐臭
* 逐臭之夫
* 遺臭 / 遗臭
* 遺臭千年 / 遗臭千年
* 遺臭萬代 / 遗臭万代
* 遺臭萬年 / 遗臭万年 (yíchòuwànnián)
* 遺臭萬載 / 遗臭万载
* 防臭劑 / 防臭剂 (fángchòujì)
* 附膻逐臭
* 餿臭 / 馊臭 (sōuchòu)
* 體臭 / 体臭
* 齆臭 (wèngchòu)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiù (xiu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siòu
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^4$
*** Yale: syòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiow
*** Palladius: сю (sju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^3$
*** Yale: chau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shieu
*** MiniDict: shieu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ³⁴/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰu(ʔ)-s/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 臭 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰu(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | odor, to stink (intransitive)? |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

臭
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) odour
    無色無臭／无色无臭 ― wúsè wúxiù ― colourless and odourless
    From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
    Shān: yáng xiù yě. [Pinyin]
    The character 羴 (shān): sheep's smell.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fragrance
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Èrrén tóngxīn, qí lì duàn jīn. Tóngxīn zhī yán, qí chòu rú lán. [Pinyin]
    But when two men are one in heart, not iron bolts keep them apart. The words they in their union use, fragrance like orchid plants diffuse.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 嗅 (xiù, “to smell”).

#### Compounds

* 口尚乳臭
* 崔烈銅臭 / 崔烈铜臭
* 無聲無臭 / 无声无臭
* 無臭 / 无臭
* 臭味
* 臭味相投
* 臭覺 / 臭觉 (xiùjué)
* 蘭臭 / 兰臭
* 銅臭 / 铜臭 (tóngxiù)
* 銅臭味 / 铜臭味 (tóngxiùwèi)

### References

* “臭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 臭 |
| Kyūjitai | 臭 &#xFA5C; or 臭+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 臭󠄁 臭+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 臭󠄃 臭+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* stinking, ill-smelling, stink
* odor, savor, fragrance, be fragrant
* suspicious looking
* glow, be bright

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 臭 (MC tsyhuwH):
* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 臭 (xiù):
* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: くさい (kusai, 臭い, Jōyō)、におう (niou, 臭う, Jōyō)、かぐ (kagu, 臭ぐ)、におい (nioi, 臭い)
* Nanori: か (ka)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 臭
* しゅう Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 臭 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 臭 (MC tsyhuwH).

### Suffix

臭(しゅう) • (-shū)
* smell of
* (slang, figurative) stench of; whiff of; scent of
    昭和(しょうわ)臭(しゅう)を漂(ただよ)わせてる物(もの)
       Shōwa-shū o tadayowaseteru mono
       something that reeks of the Shōwa era

### References

* ↑ “臭”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1776 (paper), page 940 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 추 (chu) based on Middle Chinese 臭 (MC tsyhuwH).
Historical Readings :
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 내〮 (Yale: náy) | ᄎᆔ〯 (Yale: chywǔy) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰɥi(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕʰy(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [취(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 臭 (eumhun 냄새 취 (naemsae chwi))
* hanja form of 취 (“smell”)

#### Compounds

* 구취 (口臭, guchwi)
* 무취 (無臭, muchwi)
* 방취 (防臭, bangchwi)
* 악취 (惡臭, akchwi)
* 유취 (乳臭, yuchwi)
* 체취 (體臭, chechwi)
* 취풍 (臭風, chwipung)
* 탈취 (脫臭, talchwi)
* 향취 (香臭, hyangchwi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

臭: Hán Nôm readings: xú, xó, xũ, xấu, khứu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.