# 威

| 威 | U+5A01, &#23041; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A01 |
| ← 娀 [U+5A00] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 娂 → [U+5A02] |

## Translingual
### Han character

威 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一女 (IHMV), four-corner 5320$_0$, composition ⿵戌女)

#### Derived characters

* 𠋘, 喴, 㙎, 媙, 𫶆, 揻, 𣸵, 隇, 𮞩, 楲, 𥔃, 縅, 𦩬, 蝛, 𨩆, 鰄, 𨜠, 𦞏, 崴, 葳, 𬕚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 261, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6259
* Dae Jaweon: page 527, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1404, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5A01

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 威 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 崴 | *qruːl |
| 威 | *qul |
| 葳 | *qul |
| 隇 | *qul |
| 蝛 | *qul |
| 鰄 | *qul |
| 楲 | *qul |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 戌 + 女.

### Etymology 1

畏 (OC *quls, “to fear”) is the exoactive derivation of 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe”), literally "to be intimidated" (Schuessler, 2007). In early writing, the character for 畏 was sometimes used directly as a substitute of 威 (wēi) (e.g. in the Da Yu ding inscription).
鬼 (OC *kulʔ, “ghost”) is a derivation (Baxter and Sagart, 1998).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wēi (wei$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wei$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wai$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vei$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ui$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vî
    (Hailu, HRS): vui$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): vei$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): ŭi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ui$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ui
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ui$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ue
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wei
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^1$
*** Yale: wēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wei$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
*** Sinological IPA : /uei⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^1$
*** Yale: wāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /vei³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ui⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vî
*** Hakka Romanization System: vi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /vi²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: vui$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /vui⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋi⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: vei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /vei¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭi
*** Sinological IPA : /ui⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ui⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ui
*** Tâi-lô: ui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ui
*** Sinological IPA : /ui³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ue
*** MiniDict: ue$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ue⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: uei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /u̯e̞i̯³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit威 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ve²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uei²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uəi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ue²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vei¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uei¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /vei³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ue⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ue̞⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔui³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /v̠u³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ue¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uei³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uəi³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ui⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /vi⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vui²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐi⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɐi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɐi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ui⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uoi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /y⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ui³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ui²³/ /ui³⁵/ 俗 |
* Middle Chinese: 'jw+j
Rime :
| Character | 威 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於非切 |
| Baxter | 'jw+j |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷɨi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuəi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuj/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuəi/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwəi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔwe̯i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wēi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔuj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qul/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 威 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wēi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjwɨj › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔuj/ |
| English | awe-inspiring |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 威 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12789 |
| Phonetic component | 威 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 威 |
| Old Chinese | /*qul/ |

#### Definitions

威
* pomp
* power
* powerful
* to dominate; to display power
* (Cantonese) imposing; awe-inspiring
* (Cantonese) to be imposing; to be awe-inspiring
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 下車作威 / 下车作威
* 下馬威 / 下马威 (xiàmǎwēi)
* 不怒自威
* 伏威
* 伊威
* 作威作福 (zuòwēizuòfú)
* 作福作威
* 備受威脅 / 备受威胁
* 克倫威爾 / 克伦威尔 (Kèlúnwēi'ěr)
* 八面威風 / 八面威风 (bāmiànwēifēng)
* 兵威 (bīngwēi)
* 助威 (zhùwēi)
* 南威
* 史迪威 (Shǐdíwēi)
* 喊堂威
* 國威 / 国威 (guówēi)
* 地牛發威 / 地牛发威
* 夏威夷
* 夏威夷州
* 大發神威 / 大发神威
* 大顯威風 / 大显威风
* 天威 (tiānwēi)
* 奮威 / 奋威 (fènwēi)
* 奮武揚威 / 奋武扬威
* 威信 (wēixìn)
* 威信掃地 / 威信扫地
* 威儀 / 威仪 (wēiyí)
* 威儀孔時 / 威仪孔时
* 威克島 / 威克岛 (Wēikè Dǎo)
* 威力 (wēilì)
* 威勢 / 威势 (wēishì)
* 威化餅 / 威化饼 (wēihuàbǐng)
* 威名 (wēimíng)
* 威嚇 / 威吓
* 威嚴 / 威严 (wēiyán)
* 威士忌 (wēishìjì)
* 威妥瑪式 / 威妥玛式
* 威尼斯 (Wēinísī)
* 威廉 (Wēilián)
* 威德兼施
* 威悉河 (Wēixī Hé)
* 威振天下
* 威服
* 威望 (wēiwàng)
* 威權 / 威权 (wēiquán)
* 威武 (wēiwǔ)
* 威武不屈
* 威海 (Wēihǎi)
* 威海衛 / 威海卫 (Wēihǎiwèi)
* 威澤 / 威泽
* 威爾瑪 / 威尔玛
* 威爾遜 / 威尔逊 (Wēi'ěrxùn)
* 威猛 (wēiměng)
* 威瑪憲法 / 威玛宪法
* 威福 (wēifú)
* 威福由己
* 威福自己
* 威稜 / 威棱 (wēiléng)
* 威而不猛
* 威聲 / 威声
* 威脅 / 威胁 (wēixié)
* 威脅利誘 / 威胁利诱
* 威蕤
* 威迫 (wēipò)
* 威逼 (wēibī)
* 威逼利誘 / 威逼利诱 (wēibīlìyòu)
* 威重
* 威震 (wēizhèn)
* 威震八方
* 威震天下
* 威震寰宇
* 威靈 / 威灵
* 威靈頓 / 威灵顿 (Wēilíngdùn)
* 威風 / 威风 (wēifēng)
* 威風八面 / 威风八面
* 威風凜凜 / 威风凛凛 (wēifēnglǐnlǐn)
* 威鳳 / 威凤
* 威鳳一羽 / 威凤一羽
* 宣威 (Xuānwēi)
* 恩威並濟 / 恩威并济
* 恩威並用 / 恩威并用
* 恩威並著 / 恩威并著
* 恩威並行 / 恩威并行
* 恩威並重 / 恩威并重
* 懷德畏威 / 怀德畏威
* 打下馬威 / 打下马威
* 抑威餌敵 / 抑威饵敌
* 振威
* 挪威 (Nuówēi)
* 挪威王國 / 挪威王国
* 揚威 / 扬威 (yángwēi)
* 揚威耀武 / 扬威耀武
* 擅作威福
* 攝威擅勢 / 摄威擅势
* 施威
* 明威
* 杜威 (Dùwēi)
* 格林威治 (Gélínwēizhì)
* 權威 / 权威 (quánwēi)
* 權威管教 / 权威管教
* 武威 (Wǔwēi)
* 殺威棒 / 杀威棒
* 殺威風 / 杀威风
* 海明威 (Hǎimíngwēi)
* 淫威 (yínwēi)
* 漢官威儀 / 汉官威仪
* 狐假虎威 (hújiǎhǔwēi)
* 狐藉虎威 / 狐借虎威 (hújièhǔwēi)
* 狐虎之威
* 畏威懷德 / 畏威怀德
* 發威 / 发威 (fāwēi)
* 發威動怒 / 发威动怒
* 皇威 (huángwēi)
* 示威 (shìwēi)
* 示威遊行 / 示威游行
* 神威 (shénwēi)
* 祥麟威鳳 / 祥麟威凤
* 科威特 (Kēwēitè)
* 積威 / 积威
* 竊弄威權 / 窃弄威权
* 立威
* 耀武揚威 / 耀武扬威 (yàowǔ yángwēi)
* 耍威風 / 耍威风
* 聲威 / 声威 (shēngwēi)
* 聲威大震 / 声威大震 (shēngwēidàzhèn)
* 舉武揚威 / 举武扬威
* 草木知威
* 蓄銳養威 / 蓄锐养威
* 蘇拉威西 / 苏拉威西 (Sūlāwēixī)
* 虎威 (hǔwēi)
* 虎威狐假
* 蛜威
* 褚威格
* 赫斯之威
* 軍威 / 军威 (jūnwēi)
* 辛巴威 (Xīnbāwēi)
* 逞威風 / 逞威风
* 逞起威風 / 逞起威风
* 鈞威 / 钧威
* 開普威得 / 开普威得
* 閫威 / 阃威
* 雄威
* 雌威
* 霜威
* 霽威 / 霁威
* 養威蓄銳 / 养威蓄锐
* 養銳蓄威 / 养锐蓄威
* 餘威 / 余威 (yúwēi)
* 馬拉威 / 马拉威 (Mǎlāwēi)
* 鮑斯威爾 / 鲍斯威尔
* 龍威 / 龙威

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ui
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ui
*** Tâi-lô: ui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui³³/

#### Definitions

威
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 揻 (ui, “to prick; to poke; to bore”)
    From: 1933, 勸改阿片新歌
    a-phiàn bô chia̍h kha-chhiú nńg, bô chîⁿ pòaⁿ pō͘ m̄ chhut-mn̂g, ui khang peh piah the̍h lâi tǹg, ū chîⁿ kui-mî sio kàu kng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    If he does not smoke opium, his limbs are weak; without money, he does not go out for half a step. Boring holes and climbing walls, he takes [things] to pawn; with money, he smokes all night until dawn.
    From: 2015, 薇芯 (lyrics), 江紓雯 (music), 天頂星, performed by 秀蘭瑪雅
    chhin-chhiūⁿ chiam it-ti̍t ui it-ti̍t ui ji̍p gún ê sim [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    It is like a needle constantly poking, constantly poking into my heart
    From: 2016, 高以德 (lyrics), 吳靜慧 (music), 月娘啊月娘, performed by 鳳娘
    chóaⁿ-iūⁿ pàng-sak góa, chòe lí lâi lī-khui, bô-iân chòe-tui, sim chhiūⁿ chiam ui [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    How did you abandon me? I let you leave, We were not destined to be together, my heart is aching like a needle is pricking it
    From: 2020, 陳百潭 (lyrics and music), 霧中情, performed by 陳百潭 and 方千玉
    hái-hong chhiⁿ-léng, chhoe-tio̍h sim ná chiam ui [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The chilly breeze from the sea is blowing at my heart, as if a needle is pricking it
    From: 2022, 郭之儀 (lyrics), 鄭喬安 (music), 落花, performed by 林良歡
    gún ê sim chhiūⁿ chiam ui teh tih hoeh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    My heart is like a needle is pricking it until it drips with blood

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
* Kun: おどす (odosu, 威す)、おどし (odoshi, 威し)、おどかす (odokasu, 威かす)
* Nanori: いさ (isa)、たけ (take)、たけし (takeshi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 威
* い Grade: S
* on'yomi
/wi/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 威 (MC 'jw+j).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) い [íꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [i]

### Noun

威(い) • (i)
* power; might; strength; authority

### Affix

威(い) • (i)
* power; might; strength; authority; dignity; majesty

#### Derived terms

* 威(い)力(りょく) (iryoku): power, might
* 威(い)勢(せい) (isei): spirits, power
* 威(い)張(ば)る (ibaru): put on airs, boast
* 権(けん)威(い) (ken'i): authority, power
* 示(じ)威(い) (jī): show of force
* 猛(もう)威(い) (mōi): fierceness, fury
* 球(きゅう)威(い)の有(あ)る投(とう)球(きゅう) (kyūi no aru tōkyū): powerful delivery
* 威(い)厳(げん) (igen): solemn dignity
* 威(い)風(ふう) (ifū): majesty, dignity
* 威(い)容(よう) (iyō): dignified appearance
* 威(い)儀(ぎ) (igi): dignity, dignified manner
* 威(い)信(しん) (ishin): prestige, dignity
* 威(い)圧(あつ) (iatsu): coercion, high-handedness
* 威(い)嚇(かく) (ikaku): intimidate, threaten
* 脅(きょう)威(い) (kyōi): threat, menace

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

威 (eumhun 위엄 위 (wieom wi))
* dignity

#### Compounds

* 위화도회군 (威化島回軍, wihwadohoegun)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

威: Hán Nôm readings: uy, oai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.