# kuru
## English
### Etymology

From Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”). Perhaps eventually from Proto-Gorokan *kút(V) (“dangling, shaking”) if cognate with the reduplicated element of Yagaria gúli gúli hu- (“be loose, rattle”).

### Pronunciation

* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈkʉː.ɹʉː/
* (UK) IPA: /ˈkʊ.ɹuː/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: (UK) -ʊɹu

### Noun

kuru (uncountable)
* A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.
    Synonyms: laughing death, laughing sickness
** 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 273:By the late 1950s, kuru was the leading cause of death among Fore women, and it had killed so many that men outnumbered women by three to one.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Scott, Graham (1978) The Fore Language of Papua New Guinea, Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 2, 6
* ↑ Zigas, V., Gajdusek, D. C. (1957 November 23) “Kuru: Clinical study of a new syndrome resembling paralysis agitans in natives of the Eastern Highlands of Australian New Guinea”, in Medical Journal of Australia, volume 2, number 21, →DOI, pages 745-754

### Anagrams

* Uruk, ruku'

## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* kuh
* kur (Hokkaido dialect)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɾu/

### Noun

kuru (Kana spelling クル, plural utara)
* (with modifiers) person

#### Usage notes

This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者(もの) (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.

#### See also

* pe (“thing”)

## Ajië
### Verb

kuru
* sleep

### References

* Handschuh, Corinna (2014) A typology of marked-S languages

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkuru]

### Noun

kuru
* dative/locative singular of kur

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkuru]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uru
* Hyphenation: ku‧ru

### Verb

kuru
* imperative of kuri

## Fijian
### Etymology

From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuru, from Proto-Oceanic *kuruq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guruq.

### Noun

kuru (plural kurukuru)
* thunder (sound caused by a lightning)

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkuru/, [ˈkuru]
* Rhymes: -uru
* Hyphenation: ku‧ru

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *kuru (compare Estonian kuru), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kure (compare Komi-Zyrian кыр (kyr), Eastern Mari курык (kuryk), Eastern Khanty кор (kor)).

#### Noun

kuru
* (geography) ravine, flume, gulch, gorge (narrow V-shaped valley, often with water running through)
    Hypernym: rotko
* canyon
    Synonyms: kanjoni, rotko

##### Declension

Possessive forms of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kuruni
kuruni
accusative
nom.
kuruni
kuruni
gen.
kuruni
genitive
kuruni
kurujeni
partitive
kuruani
kurujani
inessive
kurussani
kuruissani
elative
kurustani
kuruistani
illative
kuruuni
kuruihini
adessive
kurullani
kuruillani
ablative
kurultani
kuruiltani
allative
kurulleni
kuruilleni
essive
kurunani
kuruinani
translative
kurukseni
kuruikseni
abessive
kuruttani
kuruittani
instructive
comitative
—kuruineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurusi
kurusi
accusative
nom.
kurusi
kurusi
gen.
kurusi
genitive
kurusi
kurujesi
partitive
kuruasi
kurujasi
inessive
kurussasi
kuruissasi
elative
kurustasi
kuruistasi
illative
kuruusi
kuruihisi
adessive
kurullasi
kuruillasi
ablative
kurultasi
kuruiltasi
allative
kurullesi
kuruillesi
essive
kurunasi
kuruinasi
translative
kuruksesi
kuruiksesi
abessive
kuruttasi
kuruittasi
instructive
comitative
—kuruinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurumme
kurumme
accusative
nom.
kurumme
kurumme
gen.
kurumme
genitive
kurumme
kurujemme
partitive
kuruamme
kurujamme
inessive
kurussamme
kuruissamme
elative
kurustamme
kuruistamme
illative
kuruumme
kuruihimme
adessive
kurullamme
kuruillamme
ablative
kurultamme
kuruiltamme
allative
kurullemme
kuruillemme
essive
kurunamme
kuruinamme
translative
kuruksemme
kuruiksemme
abessive
kuruttamme
kuruittamme
instructive
comitative
—kuruinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurunne
kurunne
accusative
nom.
kurunne
kurunne
gen.
kurunne
genitive
kurunne
kurujenne
partitive
kuruanne
kurujanne
inessive
kurussanne
kuruissanne
elative
kurustanne
kuruistanne
illative
kuruunne
kuruihinne
adessive
kurullanne
kuruillanne
ablative
kurultanne
kuruiltanne
allative
kurullenne
kuruillenne
essive
kurunanne
kuruinanne
translative
kuruksenne
kuruiksenne
abessive
kuruttanne
kuruittanne
instructive
comitative
—kuruinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurunsa
kurunsa
accusative
nom.
kurunsa
kurunsa
gen.
kurunsa
genitive
kurunsa
kurujensa
partitive
kuruaan kuruansa
kurujaan kurujansa
inessive
kurussaan kurussansa
kuruissaan kuruissansa
elative
kurustaan kurustansa
kuruistaan kuruistansa
illative
kuruunsa
kuruihinsa
adessive
kurullaan kurullansa
kuruillaan kuruillansa
ablative
kurultaan kurultansa
kuruiltaan kuruiltansa
allative
kurulleen kurullensa
kuruilleen kuruillensa
essive
kurunaan kurunansa
kuruinaan kuruinansa
translative
kurukseen kuruksensa
kuruikseen kuruiksensa
abessive
kuruttaan kuruttansa
kuruittaan kuruittansa
instructive
comitative
—kuruineen kuruinensa :

##### Derived terms

* tunturikuru

#### Further reading

* “kuru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

From English kuru, from Fore kúru (“trembling, shivering; kuru”).

#### Noun

kuru
* (pathology) kuru

##### Declension

Possessive forms of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kuruni
accusative
nom.
kuruni
gen.
kuruni
genitive
kuruni
partitive
kuruani
inessive
kurussani
elative
kurustani
illative
kuruuni
adessive
kurullani
ablative
kurultani
allative
kurulleni
essive
kurunani
translative
kurukseni
abessive
kuruttani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurusi
accusative
nom.
kurusi
gen.
kurusi
genitive
kurusi
partitive
kuruasi
inessive
kurussasi
elative
kurustasi
illative
kuruusi
adessive
kurullasi
ablative
kurultasi
allative
kurullesi
essive
kurunasi
translative
kuruksesi
abessive
kuruttasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurumme
accusative
nom.
kurumme
gen.
kurumme
genitive
kurumme
partitive
kuruamme
inessive
kurussamme
elative
kurustamme
illative
kuruumme
adessive
kurullamme
ablative
kurultamme
allative
kurullemme
essive
kurunamme
translative
kuruksemme
abessive
kuruttamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurunne
accusative
nom.
kurunne
gen.
kurunne
genitive
kurunne
partitive
kuruanne
inessive
kurussanne
elative
kurustanne
illative
kuruunne
adessive
kurullanne
ablative
kurultanne
allative
kurullenne
essive
kurunanne
translative
kuruksenne
abessive
kuruttanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kurunsa
accusative
nom.
kurunsa
gen.
kurunsa
genitive
kurunsa
partitive
kuruaan kuruansa
inessive
kurussaan kurussansa
elative
kurustaan kurustansa
illative
kuruunsa
adessive
kurullaan kurullansa
ablative
kurultaan kurultansa
allative
kurulleen kurullensa
essive
kurunaan kurunansa
translative
kurukseen kuruksensa
abessive
kuruttaan kuruttansa
instructive
comitative

### See also

* kare
* kuri
* kuurna

### Anagrams

* urku

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese couro.

### Noun

kuru
* skin
* leather

## Japanese
### Romanization

kuru
* Rōmaji transcription of くる

## Javanese
### Alternative forms

* Carakan: ꦏꦸꦫꦸ

### Adjective

kuru (ngoko kuru, krama kera)
* skinny

## Kwama
### Etymology

Cognate with Komo kura (“donkey”).

### Noun

kuru
* donkey

### References

* Goldberg, Justin, Asadik, Habte, Bekama, Jiregna, Mengistu, Mulat (2016) Gwama – English Dictionary‎, SIL International

## Latvian
### Pronoun

kuru
* inflection of kurš:
** accusative/instrumental singular masculine/feminine
** genitive plural masculine/feminine

### Verb

kuru
* first-person singular present indicative of kurt

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkuru/

### Noun

kuru
* accusative singular of kura
* instrumental singular of kura

## Maori
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ku.ru/, [kʉ.ɾʉ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻulu, Fijian kulu, Malay kulur.

#### Noun

kuru
* breadfruit
    Kīhai te kuru, te niu me te panana i tipu ki Aotearoa nei – he tipu ēnei i mauria haere e ngā tīpuna Māori i ō rātou torotoronga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.Breadfruit, coconut palms and bananas did not grow in New Zealand – these were plants Māori ancestors carried throughout the Pacific in their explorations.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *kulu (“to strike”).

#### Verb

kuru (passive kurua or kurungia or kurutia)
* to strike with a fist; to pound or thump

#### Noun

kuru
* mallet; fragment; hammer-head stone

## Ngan'gityemerri
### Noun

kuru
* (Ngan'gimerri) water
    Synonym: (Ngan'gikurunggurr) kuri

### References

* Tryon, Darrell T. (1970) An introduction to Maranungku (Northern Australia) (quoted online in ASJP)

## Pitjantjatjara
### Noun

kuru
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.ru/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uru
* Syllabification: ku‧ru

### Noun

kuru m inan
* genitive singular of kur

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kuˈɾu/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kuˈɾu/
* Rhymes: -u
* Hyphenation: ku‧ru

### Noun

kuru m (uncountable)
* (pathology) kuru (central nervous system disease among the Fore people)

### Further reading

* “kuru”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Quechua
### Noun

kuru
* worm, caterpillar

#### Declension
## Rasawa
### Noun

kuru
* woman

### Further reading

* Palmer, Bill (2017) The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, →ISBN, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages, page 531

## Shona
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.

### Adjective

-kúrú
* big, large
    Antonym: -diki
* great
    Antonym: -diki
* adult
    Antonym: -diki

#### Derived terms

* ukuru (“greatness”)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkuru]

### Noun

kuru f
* accusative singular of kura

## Tooro
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kûɾu/

### Adjective

-kuru (declinable)
* old, senior
    Antonyms: -to (“young”), -hyaka (“new”)

#### Declension
### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 374-375

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قورو, from Proto-Turkic *kūr. Cognate with Azerbaijani quru, Tatar коры (qorı), Karachay-Balkar къуру (quru), Uzbek quruq, Uyghur قۇرۇق (quruq), Khakas хуруғ (xuruğ), Chuvash хӑрӑк (hărăk, “dry (of wood)”).

#### Adjective

kuru
* dry
    Antonyms: yaş, nemli
* emaciated
* depleted

##### Derived terms

* kurutmak
* kurutulmak

#### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قورو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1485

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kuru
* definite accusative singular of kur

## Yoruba
### Etymology

Possibly related to kūrū̀

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kú.ɾú/

### Verb

kúrú
* to be short
    Antonym: ga

#### Derived terms

* kúkurú