# toll
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /təʊl/, [tʰɔwɫ], /tɒl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /toɫ/, /tɔl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Canada) IPA: /toʊl/, /tɑl/
* Rhymes: -əʊl
* Homophone: tole

### Etymology 1

From Middle English toll, tol, tolle, from Old English toll m or n and toln f (“toll, duty, custom”), from Proto-West Germanic *toll, *tolnu, from Proto-Germanic *tullaz, *tullō (“that which is counted or told, reckoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tol (“toll”), Dutch tol (“toll”), German Zoll (“toll, duty, customs”), Danish told (“toll, duty, tariff”), Swedish tull (“toll, customs”), Icelandic tollur (“toll, customs”). More at tell, tale.
Alternate etymology derives Old English toll, from Medieval Latin tolōneum, tolōnium, alteration (due to the Germanic forms above) of Latin telōneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).

#### Noun

toll (plural tolls)
* A fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.
* Loss or damage incurred through a disaster.
    The war has taken its toll on the people.
* A fee paid by the owner of materials or other goods for processing such goods, as under a tolling agreement.
    toll ore refining; toll manufacturing
* (business, by extension) A fee for using any kind of material processing service.
    We can handle on a toll basis your needs for spray drying, repackaging, crushing and grinding, and dry blending.
* (US) A tollbooth.
    We will be replacing some manned tolls with high-speed device readers.
* (UK, law, obsolete) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.
* (obsolete, regional England) A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

##### Derived terms

* burn the coal, pay the toll
* death toll
* e-toll
* take a toll
* take its toll
* toll barrier
* toll booth
* toll bridge
* toll call
* toll castle
* toller
* tollgate
* toll line
* toll road

##### Translations
#### Verb

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
* (transitive) To impose a fee for the use of.
    Once more it is proposed to toll the East River bridges.
* (transitive, intransitive) To levy a toll on (someone or something).
** c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions.
* (transitive) To take as a toll.
* To pay a toll or tallage.
** c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:I will buy me a sonne in Law in a faire, and toule for this. Ile none of him.

##### Translations
#### References

* ↑ Whitney, The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, toll.

### Etymology 2

Probably the same as Etymology 3. Possibly related to or influenced by toil

#### Noun

toll (plural tolls)
* The act or sound of ringing a bell, especially slowly, as with a church or cemetery bell.

##### Translations
#### Verb

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
* (ergative) To ring (a bell) slowly and repeatedly.
    Martin tolled the great bell every day.
    Ask not for whom the bell tolls.
** 1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:From the belfries far and near the funereal deathbell tolled unceasingly while all around the gloomy precincts rolled the ominous warning of a hundred muffled drums punctuated by the hollow booming of pieces of ordnance.
* (transitive) To summon by ringing a bell.
    The ringer tolled the workers back from the fields for vespers.
** 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells.
* (transitive) To announce by ringing a bell.
    The bells tolled the King’s death.
** 1771, James Beattie, The Minstrel; or, The Progress of Genius. A Poem. Book the First, London: […] E[dward] & C[harles] Dilly, […]; Edinburgh: A[lexander] Kincaid and W[illiam] Creech; and J[ohn] Bell, […], →OCLC, stanza XLI, page 21:Slow tolls the village-clock the drowſy hour; The partridge burſts away on whirring wings; Deep mourns the turtle in ſequeſter'd bower, And ſhrill lark carols clear from her aereal tour.
* (figuratively) To make a sound as if made by a bell.
** 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Chief White Halfoat”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 213:The chaplain's first mention of the name Yossarian! had tolled deep in his memory like a portentous gong.

##### Derived terms

* toller

##### Translations
#### Usage notes

A tolling bell refers to a slow sound, as at a funeral, while the tocsin refers to a fast sound, as in alarm.

### Etymology 3

From Middle English tolen, tollen, variation of tullen, tillen (“to draw, allure, entice”), from Old English *tyllan, *tillan (“to pull, draw, attract”) (found in compounds fortyllan (“to seduce, lead astray, draw away from the mark, deceive”) and betyllan, betillan (“to lure, decoy”)), related to Old Frisian tilla (“to lift, raise”), Dutch tillen (“to lift, raise, weigh, buy”), Low German tillen (“to lift, remove”), Swedish dialectal tille (“to take up, appropriate”).

#### Alternative forms

* tole, toal

#### Verb

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
* (transitive, obsolete) To draw; pull; tug; drag.
* (transitive) To tear in pieces.
* (transitive) To draw; entice; invite; allure.
    Hou many virgins shal she tolle and drawe to þe Lord - "Life of Our Lady"
* (transitive) To lure with bait; tole (especially, fish and animals).

##### Synonyms

* (to lure animals): bait, lure

##### Translations
### Etymology 4

From Latin tollō (“to lift up”).

#### Verb

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)
* (law, obsolete) To take away; to vacate; to annul.
* (law) To suspend.
    The statute of limitations defense was tolled as a result of the defendant’s wrongful conduct.

##### Translations
### Etymology 5
#### Verb

toll
* (African-American Vernacular) simple past and past participle of tell
    I done toll you for the last time.

#### References

* “toll”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “toll”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### See also

* toll gene, toll-like (etymologically unrelated to the above)

## Catalan
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Celtic *tullom, *tullos (“hole”). (Compare Irish toll, Welsh twll, both meaning "hole" and Asturian tollu meaning "quagmire".)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtoʎ]

### Noun

toll m (plural tolls)
* pool, puddle

### References

* “toll” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “toll” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *tullos. Cognate with Welsh twll.

#### Noun

toll m (plural tell)
* hole, opening
* orifice
* burrow
* (low-class bar) dive

##### Derived terms

* toll boton (“button hole”)
* toll konin (“rabbit burrow”)
* toll lavrek (“fly (trousers)”)
* toll y'n fos (“cash machine, ATM”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English toll.

#### Noun

toll f (plural tollow)
* toll, tax, customs
* (taxation) duty
* (charge) rate

##### Derived terms

* heb toll (“tax-free”)
* kevradh toll (“tax rate”)
* toll an penn (“poll tax”)
* toll annedh (“property tax”)
* toll brenas (“purchase tax”)
* toll dhaswerth (“value added tax”)
* toll dhowr (“water rate”)
* toll dir (“land tax”)
* toll wober (“income tax”)

### Etymology 3

Related to Welsh twyll; both possibly from Latin tēla.

#### Noun

toll m
* deceit, fraud, disappointment

##### Derived terms

* heb toll na gil (“sincerely”)

### Mutation
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German tol, from Old High German tol, from Proto-West Germanic *dol, from Proto-Germanic *dulaz (“dazed, foolish, crazy, stupid”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔl/, [tʰɔl]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

toll (strong nominative masculine singular toller, comparative toller, superlative am tollsten)
* (colloquial) great, nice, wonderful
    Synonyms: cool, geil
    ‚Katjuscha‘ ist ein tolles Lied. ― ‘Katyusha’ is a great song.
* (dated) crazy, mad
    Synonym: verrückt
** 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Walpurgisnacht”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]‎:Laß uns aus dem Gedräng’ entweichen; / Es ist zu toll, sogar für meines gleichen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 141:Wie aus weiter Ferne hörte er Frau Stöhr etwas erzählen oder behaupten, was ihm als so tolles Zeug erschien, daß er in verwirrte Zweifel geriet, ob er noch richtig höre oder ob Frau Stöhrs Äußerungen sich vielleicht in seinem Kopfe zu Unsinn verwandelten.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* supertoll
* Tollheit
* Tollwut

#### Related terms

* doll

### Further reading

* “toll” in Duden online
* “toll” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *tulka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtolː]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -olː

### Noun

toll (plural tollak)
* feather (a branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display)
* feather (a feather-like fin or wing on objects, such as an arrow)
* pen (a tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks)
* (figuratively) pen (a writer, or his style)

#### Derived terms

* tollas
* tollasodik
* tollatlan
* tollazat
* tollászkodik
* tollú
* darutoll
* filctoll
* golyóstoll
* írótoll
* kócsagtoll
* libatoll
* tolldísz
* tolltartó
* töltőtoll

### References

* ↑ Entry #1075 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ toll in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* toll in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Noun

toll
* indefinite accusative singular of tollur

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /t̪ˠoːl̪ˠ/
* (Galway) IPA: /t̪ˠəul̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /t̪ˠʌl̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish toll (“hole, hollow; buttocks, hindquarters”), from Proto-Celtic *tullom, *tullos (“hole”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Welsh twll.

#### Noun

toll m (genitive singular toill, nominative plural toill)
* hole, hollow
* posterior, buttocks

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
toll
toill
vocative
a thoill
a tholla
genitive
toill
toll
dative
toll
toill
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an toll
na toill
genitive
an toill
na dtoll
dative
leis an toll don toll
leis na toill :

##### Derived terms

* tollán (“tunnel”)
* tollmhór (“big-bottomed; bumptious”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish toll (“pierced, perforated; hollow, empty”). See Etymology 1 above.

#### Adjective

toll (genitive singular masculine toill, genitive singular feminine toille, plural tolla, comparative toille)
* pierced, perforated
* hollow, empty; (of voice) deep, hollow

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish tollaid (“pierces; penetrates”). See Etymology 1 above.

#### Verb

toll (present analytic tollann, future analytic tollfaidh, verbal noun tolladh, past participle tollta)
* to bore, to pierce, to perforate

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | tolladh | tolladh | tolladh | tolladh | tolladh | tolladh | tolladh | tolladh |
| past participle | tollta | tollta | tollta | tollta | tollta | tollta | tollta | tollta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | tollaim | tollann tú; tollair$^†$ | tollann sé, sí | tollaimid | tollann sibh | tollann siad; tollaid$^†$ | a thollann; a thollas / a dtollann* | tolltar |
| past | tholl mé; thollas | tholl tú; thollais | tholl sé, sí | thollamar; tholl muid | tholl sibh; thollabhair | tholl siad; tholladar | a tholl / ar tholl* | tolladh |
| past habitual | thollainn / dtollainn‡‡ | tholltá / dtolltá‡‡ | tholladh sé, sí / dtolladh sé, sí‡‡ | thollaimis; tholladh muid / dtollaimis‡‡; dtolladh muid‡‡ | tholladh sibh / dtolladh sibh‡‡ | thollaidís; tholladh siad / dtollaidís‡‡; dtolladh siad‡‡ | a tholladh / a dtolladh* | tholltaí / dtolltaí‡‡ |
| future | tollfaidh mé; tollfad | tollfaidh tú; tollfair$^†$ | tollfaidh sé, sí | tollfaimid; tollfaidh muid | tollfaidh sibh | tollfaidh siad; tollfaid$^†$ | a thollfaidh; a thollfas / a dtollfaidh* | tollfar |
| conditional | thollfainn / dtollfainn‡‡ | thollfá / dtollfá‡‡ | thollfadh sé, sí / dtollfadh sé, sí‡‡ | thollfaimis; thollfadh muid / dtollfaimis‡‡; dtollfadh muid‡‡ | thollfadh sibh / dtollfadh sibh‡‡ | thollfaidís; thollfadh siad / dtollfaidís‡‡; dtollfadh siad‡‡ | a thollfadh / a dtollfadh* | thollfaí / dtollfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go dtolla mé; go dtollad$^†$ | go dtolla tú; go dtollair$^†$ | go dtolla sé, sí | go dtollaimid; go dtolla muid | go dtolla sibh | go dtolla siad; go dtollaid$^†$ | — | go dtolltar |
| past | dá dtollainn | dá dtolltá | dá dtolladh sé, sí | dá dtollaimis; dá dtolladh muid | dá dtolladh sibh | dá dtollaidís; dá dtolladh siad | — | dá dtolltaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | tollaim | toll | tolladh sé, sí | tollaimis | tollaigí; tollaidh$^†$ | tollaidís | — | tolltar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Derived terms

* tolladóir (“borer, piercer, perforator”)
* tollbhealach (“adit”)
* tollchárta (“punch-card”)
* tolltach (“piercing, penetrating”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 23

## Jamtish
### Etymology

From Old Norse þǫll, from Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛚᚢ (*þallu), from Proto-Germanic *þallō. Cognate with Swedish tall, Icelandic þöll.

### Pronunciation

* (Brunflo, Hällesjö) IPA: [¹t̪ʰɔl̪ː]
* (Berg) IPA: [¹t̪ʰɞ̞l̪ː]
* (Stugun) IPA: [¹t̪ʰol̪ː]
* (Fors) IPA: [¹t̪ʰɒl̪ː]

### Noun

toll m
* pine, Scots pine tree, Pinus sylvestris

#### Declension
## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English toll, from Proto-Germanic *tullō.

#### Alternative forms

* tol, tolle, thol, toale, theol

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔl/, /tɔːl/

#### Noun

toll (plural tolles)
* A toll, tax, or charge.
* The privilege to levy fees or charges.
* A waiver from any fees or charges.
* (rare) taxation, payment.
* (rare) An edge, point of difference

##### Related terms

* tolboth
* tollen
* toller
* tolsey
* tollynge

##### Descendants

* English: tool
* Scots: towl

##### References

* “tol, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

toll
* Alternative form of tollen (“to bring”).

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Late Latin teloneum and Old Norse tollr.

### Noun

toll m (definite singular tollen, indefinite plural toller, definite plural tollene)
* duty (customs duty, excise duty)
* customs
    gå gjennom tollen ― to go through customs

#### Derived terms

* tollbarriere
* tollbod
* tolldeklarasjon
* tollfri

### References

* “toll” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse þǫll, from Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛚᚢ (*þallu), from Proto-Germanic *þallō. Cognate with Jamtish toll, Icelandic þöll.

#### Alternative forms

* tall
* tøll (Hallingmål, opp, Telemark dialect)
* tall (Østerdalsmål)
* taull
* todl
* todd (Setesdal dialect)
* tødd
* tæll

#### Noun

toll f (definite singular tolla, indefinite plural toller, definite plural tollene)
* (young) pine
    Synonym: fure
** 1908, Ivar Kleiven, I Heimegrendi : Minne fraa Seksti-Aarom, Kristiania: Aschehoug:tolli stod tjukk som hampen so langt me kunde sjåthe pine[s] stood thick as hemp for as long as we could see
* soft pine wood

##### Derived terms

* gortoll
* tollbar
* tollfure
* tollholt
* tollskog
* tolltopp

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse tollr, from Middle Low German tol, from Old Saxon tolna, from Medieval Latin toloneum.

#### Noun

toll m (definite singular tollen, indefinite plural tollar, definite plural tollane)
* duty (customs duty, excise duty)
* customs
    gå gjennom tollen ― to go through customs

##### Derived terms

* tollbarriere
* tolldeklarasjon
* tollfri

### References

* “toll” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tollą, from Vulgar Latin toloneum, from Late Latin teloneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon tol (Dutch tol), Old High German zol (German Zoll), Old Norse tollr (Swedish tull). See also parallel forms represented by Old English toln.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toll/, [toɫ]

### Noun

toll n
* tax, toll, fare

#### Derived terms

* tollere

#### Descendants

* Middle English: toll
** English: toll
** Scots: towl

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ʰɔul̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish toll (“hole, hollow; buttocks, hindquarters”), from Proto-Celtic *tukslo-, *tullos (“pierced, hollow”), see also Middle Low German stoken (“to stab, to prickle”), German stochern (“to pick, to poke”), Sanskrit दति (tudáti, “to push, to strike, to jab, to pierce”).

#### Noun

toll m (genitive singular tuill, plural tuill)
* hole, cavity, puncture, hollow
* crevice, perforation
* pit
* socket
* (nautical) hold of a ship
* (vulgar) arse

##### Derived terms

* gaoth tro tholl (“draught”)
* toll-putain (“buttonhole”)
* tolltach (“full of holes”)

#### References

* ↑ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “toll”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish tollaid (“pierces; penetrates”), from toll (“hole, hollow”). See Etymology 1 above.

#### Verb

toll (past tholl, future tollaidh, verbal noun tolladh, past participle tollte)
* bore, piece, drill, perforate

## Skolt Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tolë, from Proto-Uralic *tule.

### Noun

toll
* fire

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Ter Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tolë, from Proto-Uralic *tule.

### Noun

toll
* fire

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland