# dormir
## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* adormir, durmir

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doɾˈmiɾ/ [d̪oɾˈmiɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Hyphenation: dor‧mir

### Verb

dormir (first-person singular indicative present dormo, past participle dormíu)
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (2000). Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana (1ª edición). →ISBN. on-line version.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”). Compare Occitan dormir, French dormir, Spanish dormir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [durˈmi]
* IPA: (Valencia) [doɾˈmiɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

### Verb

dormir (first-person singular present dormo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormit); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Derived terms

* adormir
* condormir
* dorment
* dormida
* dormidor
* dormidora
* dormilec
* dormilega
* dormiment
* dormisquejar
* dormitar

#### Related terms

* dormició
* dormitiu
* dormitori

### Further reading

* “dormir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “dormir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “dormir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “dormir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Franco-Provençal
### Alternative forms

* dromir (ORB)

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre.

### Verb

dormir (ORB, broad)
* to sleep

### References

* dormir in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* dormir in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French dormir, from Old French dormir, from Latin dormīre (“to sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔʁ.miʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iʁ

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep
    Synonym: pioncer
    Hyponyms: faire la sieste, faire un somme, sommeiller, somnoler, siester
    Vous devriez essayer de dormir. ― You should try to sleep.
    Je dormais quand vous avez appelé. ― I was sleeping when you called.

#### Conjugation

This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and servir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms (je, tu) dors and (il) dort in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *dormis and *dormit (as in the past historic).

#### Derived terms

* à dormir debout
* dormir à poings fermés
* dormir comme un bébé
* dormir comme un bienheureux
* dormir comme un loir
* dormir comme une pierre
* dormir comme une souche
* dormir du sommeil du juste
* dormir sur ses deux oreilles
* endormir
* il ne faut pas réveiller le chat qui dort
* ne dormir que d’un œil
* qui dort dîne

#### Related terms

* dortoir

#### Descendants

* → Belizean Creole: doado

### See also

* se coucher
* sommeil

### Further reading

* “dormir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Verb

dormir (first-person singular present durmo, third-person singular present dorme, first-person singular preterite dormim or dormi, past participle dormido, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of durmir

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* “dormir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Interlingua
### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | dormir | dormir |
| participle | participle | present | perfect |
| participle | participle | dormiente | dormite |
| active | | simple | perfect |
| active | present | dormi | ha dormite |
| active | past | dormiva | habeva dormite |
| active | future | dormira | habera dormite |
| active | conditional | dormirea | haberea dormite |
| active | imperative | dormi | |

## Ladin
### Alternative forms

* dormí

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre.

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Conjugation

* Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

## Ladino
### Verb

dormir (Hebrew spelling דורמיר)
* Alternative form of durmir
** 2012 October 1, Miriam Moscona, Tela de Sevoya, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 39:Dio santo, los ojos apretados me dejan komo en la trupa de bestia, kontando animales para poeder dormir.Good Lord, the shy eyes abandon me like to a pack of beasts, telling animals stop being able to sleep.

### References

* ↑ “dormir”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Middle French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French dormir, from Latin dormiō, dormīre.

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Descendants

* French: dormir

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* dòrmer, dourmir (Mistralian spelling)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Occitan dormir, from Latin dormīre.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Languedoc):(file)

### Verb

dormir (Languedoc)
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Conjugation

| | | simple | simple | simple | compound | compound | compound |
| infinitive | infinitive | dormir | dormir | dormir | ?er dormit | ?er dormit | ?er dormit |
| past participle | past participle | dormit | dormit | dormit | — | — | — |
| gerund | gerund | dormissent | dormissent | dormissent | ?ent dormit | ?ent dormit | ?ent dormit |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles |
| indicative | present | dormissi | dormisses | dormís | dormissèm | dormissètz | dormisson |
| indicative | imperfect | dormissiái | dormissiás | dormissiá | dormissiam | dormissiatz | dormissián |
| indicative | preterite | dormiguèri | dormiguères | dormiguèt | dormiguèrem | dormiguèretz | dormiguèron |
| indicative | future | dormirai | dormiràs | dormirà | dormirem | dormiretz | dormiràn |
| indicative | conditional | dormiriái | dormiriás | dormiriá | dormiriam | dormiriatz | dormirián |
| indicative | conditional 2nd form$^1$ | dormiguèra | dormiguèras | dormiguèra | dormigueram | dormigueratz | dormiguèran |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | past anterior | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | future perfect | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle |
| subjunctive | | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles |
| subjunctive | present | dormisca | dormiscas | dormisca | dormiscam | dormiscatz | dormiscan |
| subjunctive | imperfect | dormiguèsse | dormiguèsses | dormiguèsse | dormiguèssem | dormiguèssetz | dormiguèsson |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle |
| imperative | imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — |
| imperative | imperative | | dormís | | dormiscam | dormissetz | $^1$Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects |

#### Derived terms

* dormir coma un cibòt
* dormir coma un muret
* dormir coma un socàs
* dormir coma un socau
* dormir coma una marmota
* dormir coma una missara
* dormir coma una soca
* dormir coma una turra
* dormir coma una vièlh deute

#### Related terms

* dòrm
* dormeire
* dormicion
* dormida
* dormilhós
* dormitòri

### Further reading

* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 249.

## Old French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre.

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

#### Descendants

* Middle French: dormir
** French: dormir
* Norman: dormi
* Walloon: doirmi

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* durmir

### Noun

dormir m
* sleep
** 13th century, Paio Soares de Taveirós, Qvantꝰ aquj deſpanha ſon; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, c. 1525–1526, cantiga 149:Qvantꝰ aquj deſpanha ſon todꝰ perderom o dormir con gran ſabor que am deſſir mais eu nũca ſono perdi deſquando deſpanha ſay ca mhyo perdera ia entonHow many here are from Spain, that have lost their sleep over their great urge to leave? I have never lost my sleep since I have left Spain, because I have lost it there already.

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep (rest)
** 1390, [Miragres de Santiago]; republished as José Luís Pensado Tomé, editor, Os miragres de Santiago: versión gallega del códice latino del siglo XII, atribuído al papa Calisto II, 1958:[…] et Ferragudo ouve sono et deitouse a dormir […]And Ferragudo felt sleepy and went to bed.(literally, “And Ferragudo had sleepness and lay down sleeping.”)

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “dormir”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “dormir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “dormir”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “dormir”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French dormir.

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep

#### Descendants

* Occitan: dormir
    Auvergnat: dromir
    Gascon: dromir, dròmer
    Limousin: durmir
    Vivaro-Alpine: durmir

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “dormīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 140

## Old Spanish
### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep (rest)

#### Descendants

* Ladino: dormir, durmir, דורמיר
* Spanish: dormir

### References

* Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “dormir”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume I, Chapel Hill, page 199

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* dromir (dialectal)
* drumir, drumi, dromi, dormi, durmi (pronunciation spelling)
* durmir (obsolete or eye dialect)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese dormir, durmir, from Latin dormīre (“to sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /duʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [duɦˈmi(h)], /doʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [doɦˈmi(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /duʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [duɦˈmi(h)], /doʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [doɦˈmi(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /duɾˈmi(ɾ)/, /doɾˈmi(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /duʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [duʁˈmi(χ)], /doʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [doʁˈmi(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /doɻˈmi(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /duɾˈmiɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /duɾˈmiɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /duɾˈmi.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: dor‧mir

### Verb

dormir (first-person singular present durmo, third-person singular present dorme, first-person singular preterite dormi, past participle dormido)
* (intransitive) to sleep; to be asleep (to rest in a state of reduced consciousness)
    O gato está a dormir/dormindo.The cat is sleeping.
* (intransitive) to fall asleep (to become asleep)
    Demorou horas até que eu dormisse.Hours passed before I fell asleep.
* (transitive) to have a given type of sleep
    Dormir uma soneca.To have a nap.
* (figurative, intransitive) to sleep (to be temporarily inactive)
    A célula dos terroristas está a dormir/dormindo.The terrorist cell is asleep.
* (intransitive, euphemistic) to sleep with (to have sex with) [with com ‘someone’]
    Apanhei-a a dormir/dormindo com um rapaz.I caught her sleeping with a boy.
* (intransitive, figurative) to be constantly [with com ‘with someone’]
    A memória da guerra dorme com o veterano.The memory of the war sleeps with the veteran.
* (poetic, intransitive) to be dead
    Todos (os) meus heróis dormem.All my heroes are dead.
* (informal, of a limb, intransitive) to fall asleep (to temporarily lose blood circulation)
    Acordei no meio da noite e (o) meu braço tinha dormido.I woke up in the middle of the night and my arm had fallen asleep.
* (Brazil, slang, intransitive) not to notice a problem
    O controlador dormiu e os aviões bateram.The controller didn’t pay attention and the aeroplanes collided.
* (Brazil, Minas Gerais, colloquial) to spend the night
    A luz dormiu acesa.The light spent the night turned on.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:dormir.

#### Related terms

* dormitório

#### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: durmi
* Kabuverdianu: durmi
* Macanese: durmí
* Papiamentu: drumi

### Further reading

* “dormir”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “dormir”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “dormir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “dormir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “dormir”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “dormir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish dormir, from Latin dormīre, dormiō, from Proto-Italic *dormiō (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doɾˈmiɾ/ [d̪oɾˈmiɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: dor‧mir

### Verb

dormir (first-person singular present duermo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormido)
* (intransitive) to sleep
    Duermo muy bien todas las noches.I sleep very well every night.
* (reflexive) to fall asleep
    ¿En qué piensas mientras te duermes?What do you think of while you fall asleep?
* (reflexive) to sleep in
    ¿Qué hora es? ¡Me he dormido!What time is it? I've overslept!
* (euphemistic) to die; to rest in death
    Y así la reina durmió para siempre.And so rested the queen for forever.
* (transitive) to put to sleep (someone or something)
    Los durmió a todos usando un hechizo.He put them all to sleep by using a spell.
* (euphemistic, medicine) to anesthetize
    Solo un médico puede dormir a un paciente.Only a doctor can anesthetize a patient.
* (euphemistic, medicine) to euthanize, to put down (mainly for pets but also people)
    Ayer por la tarde durmieron a mi gato.Yesterday evening my cat was put to sleep.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* bolsa de dormir
* camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente
* casa de dormir
* ciudad que nunca duerme
* despertar a quien duerme
* dormido
* dormilón
* dormir a pata ancha
* dormir a pierna suelta
* dormir como un ceporro
* dormir como un leño
* dormir como un lirón
* dormir como una marmota
* dormir como una piedra
* dormir en Dios
* dormir en santa paz
* dormir la mona
* dormirla
* dormirse en los laureles
* duermevela
* durmiente
* echarse a dormir
* saco de dormir

#### Related terms

* adormecer
* dormición
* dormidero
* dormidor
* dormirse
* dormitar
* dormitivo
* dormitorio

### Further reading

* “dormir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Venetan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dormīre. Compare Italian dormire.

### Verb

dormir
* (intransitive) to sleep
    Synonyms: momir, polegiar

#### Conjugation

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

#### Related terms

* indormesar
* indormesarse
* indormia