# կարապ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կարապ (karap)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kɑˈɾɑp/, [kɑɾɑ́p]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑˈɾɑb/, [ɡɑɾɑ́b]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

կարապ • (karap)
* swan

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* կարափ (karapʻ)
* կապար (kapar), կարապն (karapn) — variant readings

### Etymology

Usually considered a word of unknown origin, but most likely an Iranian borrowing and literally meaning "the singing bird": compare Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (karapan, “anti-Zoroastrian priest, incantator?”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (krb-, “to moan, mumble, babble”), Sanskrit कृपते (kṛpate, “to lament, mourn”). For the sense development compare swan song and the derivation of swan from *swenh₂- (“to sound”).

### Noun

կարապ • (karap)
* swan
    Synonyms: պոր (por), փոր (pʻor), կիկնոս (kiknos)
** 5th century, Bible, Leviticus 11.18:[…] եւ սոխակ եւ հաւալուսն եւ կարապ (var. կապար, կարափ, կարապն) […][…] ew soxak ew hawalusn ew karap (var. kapar, karapʻ, karapn) […] […] and the nightingale, and the pelican, and the swan […]

#### Usage notes

In Leviticus, translates Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos).

#### Declension

the instrumental singular and the genitive/dative/instrumental plural are not attested, which does not allow determining whether the word followed an i-type or an i-a-type declension

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: կարապ (karap) (learned)
* → Georgian: კარაპი (ḳaraṗi)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կարապ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 545ab
* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (1978) Classical and Middle Armenian bird names: A linguistic, taxonomic, and mythological study, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 27
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 939
* ↑ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 65a
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241, without the Armenian
* ↑ Zēytʻunean A. S., editor (1993), Girkʻ Łewtacʻwocʻ [Book of Leviticus] (Hay hnaguyn tʻargmanakan hušarjanner; 4)‎, Antelias: Holy See of Cilicia, critical text, page 85

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “կարապ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1064b
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “կարապ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, pages 390–391
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կարապ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 331b