# سلام
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Semantic loan from Aramaic שְׁלָמָא / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šəlāmā, “wholeness, welfare; peace”, used as a greeting). Cognate with Hebrew שלום (shalóm).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.laːm/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

سَلَام • (salām) m
* verbal noun of سَلِمَ (salima) (form I), well-being
* peace
* greeting

##### Derived terms

* ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ (s-salāmu ʕalaykum)
* وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ (waʕalaykumu s-salāmu)
* عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
* سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
* عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu)

#### Interjection

سَلَام • (salām)
* salutation; greeting

##### Descendants

* Maltese: sliem
* → Azerbaijani: salam
* → Bashkir: сәләм (sələm)
* → Central Kurdish: سڵاو (siḷaw)
* → Chechen: салам (salam)
* → Chinese:
    Dungan: сэляму (seli͡amu)
    Mandarin: 色蘭 / 色兰 (sèlán), 薩拉姆 / 萨拉姆 (sàlāmǔ)
* → Chuvash: салам (salam)
* → Classical Persian: سلام (salām)
** → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
** → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सलाम (salām)
    Urdu: سلام (salām)
*** → Mauritian Creole: salam
** → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
** → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
** → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
** → Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)
** → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
** → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
** → Pashto: سلام (salām)
** → Sindhi: (salāmu)
    Arabic script: سَلامُ
    Devanagari script: सलामु
** → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
** → Turkmen: salam, selam
** → Uyghur: سالام (salam)
** → Uzbek: salom
* → English: salaam
* → Finnish: salaam
* → French: salam
* → Georgian: სალამი (salami)
* → German: Salam
* → Greek: σαλάμ (salám)
* → Hebrew: סלאם (salam)
* → Hungarian: szálem
* → Japanese: サラーム (sarāmu)
* → Korean: 살람 (sallam)
* → Lak: салам (salam)
* → Lezgi: салам (salam)
* → Malagasy: salama
* → Malay: salam
** Indonesian: salam
* → Maranao: salam
* → Middle Armenian: սալամ (salam), սէլամ (sēlam)
* → Northern Kurdish: selam, silav
* → Ossetian: салам (salam)
* → Ottoman Turkish: سلام (selam), սէլամ (selam) — Armeno-Turkish
** Turkish: selam
** → Albanian: selam
** → Cappadocian Greek: σελάμι (selámi)
* → Polish: salam
* → Portuguese: salama
* → Russian: саля́м (saljám), селя́м (seljám), сала́м (salám), сало́м (salóm)
* Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: сѐла̄м
    Latin script: sèlām
* → Swahili: salamu, salaam
* → Tatar: сәлам (sälam)
* → Vietnamese: xa-lam

#### References

* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 175

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si.laːm/

#### Noun

سِلَام • (silām) m
* verbal noun of سَالَمَ (sālama) (form III)

##### Declension
#### Noun

سِلَام • (silām) m
* plural of variety of سَلِم (salim, “stones”), or alternative collective
* plural of variety of سَلَْم (salam, “Acacia ehrenbergiana”)

##### Declension
#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Central Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* سڵاو (səɫaːw)

### Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sælaːm/

### Noun

سلام (sælaːm)
* greeting
* hello
* hi

## Mazanderani
### Interjection

سلام (selâm)
* hello

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* սէլամ (selam) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).

### Noun

سلام • (selam)
* greetings

#### Derived terms

* سلاملق (selamlık, “selamlik”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: selam
* → Albanian: selam
* → Cappadocian Greek: σελάμι (selámi)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.ˈlɑːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.lɑ́ːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.lɑ́ːm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.lɑ́ːm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sä.lɔ́ːm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.lɒ́ːm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.lɔ́m]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Interjection

سلام • (salâm)
* hello, hi, hiya
    سلام! ― salâm ― hello!
    سلام علیکم! ― salâm aleykom ― hello! (more formal)

### Noun

سلام • (salâm)
* salutation; greeting
    Synonym: درود (dorud)
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 114”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:به بارگاه تو چون باد را نباشد بار کی اتفاق مجال سلام ما افتدba bārgāh-i tu čūn bād rā na-bāšad bār kay ittifāq-i majāl-i salām-i mā uftadWhen even the wind has no right to pass through your reception room, How should the opportunity for me to say hello ever come to pass?(Classical Persian transliteration)
* (military) salute
* (Islam) the salam uttered at the end of prayer

#### Related terms

* سلام دادن (salâm dâdan)
* سلام رساندن (salâm resândan)
* سلام علیکم (salâm aleykom)
* سلام کردن (salâm kardan)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
* → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सलाम (salām)
    Urdu: سلام (salām)
** → Mauritian Creole: salam
* → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
* → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
* → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
* → Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)
* → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
* → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
* → Pashto: سلام (salām)
* → Sindhi: (salāmu)
    Arabic script: سَلامُ
    Devanagari script: सलामु
* → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
* → Turkmen: salam, selam
* → Uyghur: سالام (salam)
* → Uzbek: salom

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سلام”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سلام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /sə.läːmə/

### Noun

سلام • (salām) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਲਾਮ)
* salutation
* greeting
* (literally) peace

## Sindhi
### Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام (salām).

### Interjection

سَلامُ • (salāmu) (Devanagari सलामु)
* (Islam) hello, hi

### Noun

سَلامُ • (salāmu) m (Devanagari सलामु)
* peace; greeting

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَلام (salām).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.laːm/, [saˈlæːm]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

سلام • (salām) m (plural سلامات (salāmāt))
* peace, peacefulness

#### Derived terms

* السلام عليكم (as-salāmu ʕalēkom, “peace be upon you”)

## Southern Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* سەڵام (sellam)

### Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Ilami) /sæɫaːm/

### Noun

سەلام (sælaːm)
* greeting
* hello
* hi

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سَلَام (salām), itself from Arabic سَلَام (salām). First attested in c. 1503 as Middle Hindi سلام (slam).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sə.lɑːm/
* Rhymes: -ɑːm
* Hyphenation: سَ‧لام

### Interjection

سَلام • (salām) (Hindi spelling सलाम)
* interjection used to greet or often fare adieu to someone.
    Clipping of السلام علیکم (al-salām 'alaikum, “hello, hi, hiya”).
       سَلام! ― salām! ― hello!
       سَلام عَلَیکُم! ― salām 'alaikum! ― hello!

### Noun

سَلام • (salām) m (Hindi spelling सलाम)
* greeting, salutation
* a salute (chiefly military but not limited to).
    پاکِسْتان تُجھے سَلام ― pākistān tujhe salām ― Salute to you, O Pakistan
* farewell; adieu
* regards
    اَبُّو کو میرا سَلام دیناabbū ko merā salām denāSend my regards to your father.
* (religion, chiefly Islam) blessing – Synonym of دُرُود (durūd)
* (Islam) the salam invoked in salah
* (Islam) one of the attributes of Allah
* (literally, rare) peace

#### See also
### References

* ↑ “سلام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “سلام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سلام”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “سلام”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “سلام”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “سلام”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC