# 協

| 協 | U+5354, &#21332; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5354 |
| ← 卓 [U+5353] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 单 → [U+5355] |
| ㈿ | U+323F, &#12863; PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE |
| ← ㈾ [U+323E] | Enclosed CJK Letters and Months | ㉀ → [U+3240] |

## Translingual
### Han character

協 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十大尸尸 (JKSS), four-corner 4402$_7$, composition ⿰十劦)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2742
* Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 64, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5354

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 協
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 栛 | *reːbs |
| 珕 | *reːbs, *rebs |
| 荔 | *reːbs, *rebs |
| 脅 | *hlams, *hlab |
| 姭 | *hlams |
| 搚 | *raːb, *raːb |
| 拹 | *hlab |
| 愶 | *hlab |
| 嗋 | *hlab |
| 熁 | *hlab |
| 協 | *ɦleːb |
| 勰 | *ɦleːb |
| 劦 | *ɦleːb |
| 叶 | *ɦleːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦleːb): semantic 十 (“many”) + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb, “to collaborate”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xié (xie$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xie$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ще (xi͡ə, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hip$^3$ / hip$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiap$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hia̍p
    (Hailu, HRS): hiab$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiab$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hia̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiab$^8$ / hiag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$yiq; $^8$yaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xié
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sié
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^2$
*** Yale: syé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xie$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xie
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ще (xi͡ə, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hip$^3$ / hip$^6$
*** Yale: hip / hihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hip$^8$ / hip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hib$^3$ / hib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːp̚³/, /hiːp̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hiap$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiap̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiab$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiap²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiap̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /hieʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiɛʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: hia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiap̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiab$^8$ / hiag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍p / hia̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /hiap̚⁴/, /hiak̚⁴/
* hiab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
* hiag8 - Chenghai.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit協 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɛ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕiɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕie²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕieʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiaʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦiəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ji²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕieʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕia⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕie²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕie²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hiap̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hiɑp̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hip̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hip̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hip̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiap̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hieʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xiɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hiap̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hiap̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: hep
Rime :
| Character | 協 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡頰切 |
| Baxter | hep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiep̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣiep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤep/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦleːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 協 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hep › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁep/ |
| English | in harmony |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 協 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13788 |
| Phonetic component | 劦 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 協 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦleːb/ |
| Notes | 劦轉註 |

### Definitions

協
* to cooperate; to work together; to collaborate
* to assist; to help
* harmonious; in amity with
* united; joint; common

### Compounds

* 不協 / 不协
* 停戰協定 / 停战协定
* 協作 / 协作 (xiézuò)
* 協元 / 协元 (Xiéyuán)
* 協力 / 协力 (xiélì)
* 協力同心 / 协力同心 (xiélìtóngxīn)
* 協力車 / 协力车
* 協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
* 協同 / 协同 (xiétóng)
* 協和 / 协和 (xiéhé)
* 協商 / 协商 (xiéshāng)
* 協奏曲 / 协奏曲 (xiézòuqǔ)
* 協定 / 协定 (xiédìng)
* 協律 / 协律
* 協心 / 协心
* 協會 / 协会 (xiéhuì)
* 協服 / 协服
* 協理 / 协理 (xiélǐ)
* 協約 / 协约 (xiéyuē)
* 協約國 / 协约国 (Xiéyuēguó)
* 協緝 / 协缉
* 協調 / 协调 (xiétiáo)
* 協謀 / 协谋 (xiémóu)
* 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
* 協議書 / 协议书 (xiéyìshū)
* 協辦 / 协办 (xiébàn)
* 協防 / 协防
* 協韻 / 协韵 (xiéyùn)
* 協風 / 协风
* 同心協力 / 同心协力 (tóngxīnxiélì)
* 君子協定 / 君子协定 (jūnzǐ xiédìng)
* 和協 / 和协 (héxié)
* 團體協約 / 团体协约
* 大協奏曲 / 大协奏曲
* 大英國協 / 大英国协 (Dà Yīngguó Xié)
* 妥協 / 妥协 (tuǒxié)
* 張協 / 张协
* 撥協銀 / 拨协银
* 政協 / 政协 (Zhèngxié)
* 海協會 / 海协会 (Hǎixiéhuì)
* 籃協 / 篮协 (lánxié)
* 紳士協定 / 绅士协定
* 行政協調 / 行政协调
* 軟協 / 软协
* 鋼協 / 钢协 (gāngxié)
* 限武協定 / 限武协定
* 齊心協力 / 齐心协力 (qíxīnxiélì)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “协”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 261.

## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* (ryakuji) 𫝓 [U+2B753]

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* collaboration

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かなう (kanau, 協う)

#### Compounds

* 協(きょう)会(かい) (kyōkai)
* 協(きょう)議(ぎ) (kyōgi)
* 協(きょう)賛(さん) (kyōsan)
* 協(きょう)奏(そう)曲(きょく) (kyōsōkyoku)
* 協(きょう)調(ちょう) (kyōchō)
* 協(きょう)定(てい) (kyōtei)
* 協(きょう)同(どう) (kyōdō)
* 協(きょう)力(りょく) (kyōryoku)
* 協(きょう)和(わ) (kyōwa)

## Korean
### Hanja

協 (eum 협 (hyeop))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

協: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.