# 塒

| 塒 | U+5852, &#22610; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5852 |
| ← 塑 [U+5851] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塓 → [U+5853] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塒 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土日土戈 (GAGI), four-corner 4414$_1$, composition ⿰土時)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5329
* Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 471, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5852

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 等 | *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ |
| 待 | *dɯːʔ |
| 寺 | *ljɯs |
| 持 | *l'ɯ |
| 峙 | *dɯʔ |
| 痔 | *dɯʔ |
| 跱 | *dɯʔ |
| 歭 | *dɯʔ |
| 洔 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ |
| 畤 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ |
| 秲 | *dɯʔ, *djɯs |
| 庤 | *dɯʔ |
| 時 | *djɯ |
| 鰣 | *djɯ |
| 塒 | *djɯ |
| 蒔 | *djɯ, *djɯs |
| 榯 | *djɯ |
| 恃 | *djɯʔ |
| 侍 | *djɯs |
| 詩 | *hljɯ |
| 邿 | *hljɯ |
| 特 | *dɯːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shí (shi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^4$ / zi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chi
    (Hailu, HRS): zi$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ji$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shí
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$
*** Yale: shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^4$ / zi$^6$
*** Yale: sìh / jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^4$ / dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^4$ / ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²¹/, /t͡siː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ji
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ji$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zi$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ji$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sì
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: si$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬi¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî
*** Tâi-lô: sî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sî
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzyi
Rime :
| Character | 塒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 市之切 |
| Baxter | dzyi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12044 |
| Phonetic component | 寺 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 時 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯ/ |

### Definitions

塒
* roost, especially those made by piercing the wall
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jī qī yú shí, rì zhī xī yǐ, yáng niú xiàlái. [Pinyin]
    The fowls roost in their holes in the walls; and in the evening of the day, the goats and cows come down [from the hill].

### Compounds

* 上塒 / 上埘
* 塒雞 / 埘鸡
* 雞塒 / 鸡埘 (jīshí)

### References

* “塒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “埘”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 210.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: ねぐら (negura)、とぐろ (toguro)、とや (toya)、とぐら (togura)

#### Compounds

* 就塒(しゅうじ) (shūji, “roosting”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 塒
* ねぐら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Compound of 寝(ね) (ne) + 座(くら) (kura). The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ねぐら [nègúrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ne̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Noun

塒(ねぐら) • (negura)
* roost

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 塒
* とぐろ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “鳥(と) (to)+くろ (kuro) from 幹(から) (kara), as in 身(むくろ) (mukuro)?”

#### Alternative forms

* 蜷局

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とぐろ [tògúróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) とぐろ [tògúró] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ɡɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Noun

塒(とぐろ) • (toguro)
* coil

##### Derived terms

* 塒(とぐろ)を巻(ま)く (toguro o maku)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 塒
* とや Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Compound of 鳥(と) (to) + 屋(や) (ya).

#### Alternative forms

* 鳥屋

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とや [tòyá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ja̠]

#### Noun

塒(とや) • (toya)
* henhouse

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 塒
* とぐら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Compound of 鳥(と) (to) + 座(くら) (kura). The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Alternative forms

* 鳥栖, 鳥座

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [to̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Noun

塒(とぐら) • (togura)
* nest

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

塒 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塒: Hán Việt readings: thì
* chữ Hán form of thì (“nest, roost”).

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).