# 萊

| 萊 | U+840A, &#33802; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-840A |
| ← 萉 [U+8409] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 萋 → [U+840B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

萊 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿木人人 (TDOO), four-corner 4490$_8$, composition ⿱艹來)

#### Derived characters

* 𢵭, 𪱉, 𨅼, 𫘗, 𦻣

#### Related characters

* 莱 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese shinjitai)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1041, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31262
* Dae Jaweon: page 1499, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3230, character 8
* Unihan data for U+840A

## Chinese

* 萊國 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Lai (state) (English)

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 萊
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 來 | *m·rɯːɡ |
| 萊 | *rɯː, *rɯːs |
| 淶 | *rɯː |
| 徠 | *rɯː, *rɯːs |
| 崍 | *rɯː |
| 郲 | *rɯː, *ruːlʔ, *ruːlʔ |
| 騋 | *rɯː |
| 猍 | *rɯː |
| 鯠 | *rɯː |
| 鶆 | *rɯː |
| 庲 | *rɯː |
| 棶 | *rɯː |
| 斄 | *rɯː, *rɯ |
| 逨 | *rɯː, *rɯːs |
| 麳 | *rɯː |
| 唻 | *rɯːʔ, *rrɯː |
| 賚 | *rɯːs |
| 睞 | *rɯːs |
| 勑 | *rɯːs |
| 誺 | *rɯːs, *r̥ʰɯ, *r̥ʰɯs, *r̥ʰɯs |
| 倈 | *rɯ |
| 憖 | *ŋrɯns |
| 猌 | *ŋrɯns |
| 麥 | *mrɯːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lái (lai$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loi$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lái
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lái
*** Wade–Giles: lai$^2$
*** Yale: lái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lai
*** Palladius: лай (laj)
*** Sinological IPA : /laɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loi$^4$
*** Yale: lòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: loi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːi̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâi
*** Tâi-lô: lâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lai²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lai¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lai²³/
* Middle Chinese: loj, lojH
Rime :
| Character | 萊 | 萊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 洛哀切 | 落代切 |
| Baxter | loj | lojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lʌi/ | /lʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ləi/ | /ləi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɒi/ | /lɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləj/ | /ləj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lᴀi/ | /lᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɒi/ | /lɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑ̆i/ | /lɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lái | lài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | loi$^4$ | loi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯː/, /*rɯːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 萊 | 萊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7599 | 7616 |
| Phonetic component | 來 | 來 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯː/ | /*rɯːs/ |

### Definitions

萊
* goosefoot
* weed (wild grass)
* fallow field
* (historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi
* (Thailand) rai (Thai customary unit of area)

### Compounds

* 勞斯萊斯 / 劳斯莱斯 (Láosīláisī)
* 史萊姆 / 史莱姆 (shǐláimǔ)
* 奇萊 / 奇莱 (Qílái)
* 好萊塢 / 好莱坞
* 寇萊公 / 寇莱公
* 撒奇萊雅族 / 撒奇莱雅族 (sāqíláiyǎzú)
* 汶萊 / 汶莱
* 老萊娛親 / 老莱娱亲
* 老萊子 / 老莱子
* 膠萊谷地 / 胶莱谷地
* 草萊 / 草莱
* 萊克多巴胺 / 莱克多巴胺 (láikèduōbā'àn)
* 萊公竹 / 莱公竹
* 萊卡 / 莱卡 (láikǎ)
* 萊因河 / 莱因河
* 萊國 / 莱国 (Láiguó)
* 萊姆 / 莱姆 (láimǔ)
* 萊妻 / 莱妻
* 萊姆果 / 莱姆果
* 萊姆酒 / 莱姆酒 (láimǔjiǔ)
* 萊布尼茨 / 莱布尼茨 (Láibùnící)
* 萊彩 / 莱彩
* 萊斯庇基 / 莱斯庇基
* 萊斯沃斯 / 莱斯沃斯
* 萊特兄弟 / 莱特兄弟
* 萊索托 / 莱索托 (Láisuǒtuō)
* 萊綵北堂 / 莱彩北堂
* 萊茵河 / 莱茵河 (Láiyīn Hé)
* 萊菔 / 莱菔 (láifú)
* 華萊士 / 华莱士 (Huáláishì)
* 萊蒙托夫 / 莱蒙托夫
* 萊衣 / 莱衣
* 萊豬 / 莱猪 (láizhū)
* 萊頓 / 莱顿
* 葛萊美獎 / 葛莱美奖
* 蒿萊 / 蒿莱
* 蓬萊 / 蓬莱 (pénglái)
* 蓬萊仙境 / 蓬莱仙境
* 蓬萊仙島 / 蓬莱仙岛 (Pénglái Xiāndǎo)
* 蓬萊宮 / 蓬莱宫 (Pénglái Gōng)
* 蓬萊弱水 / 蓬莱弱水
* 蓬萊米 / 蓬莱米 (péngláimǐ)

### References

* “Query for 萊”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 莱 |
| Kyūjitai | 萊 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 莱)
* goosefoot
* overgrown field

#### Readings

* Go-on: らい (rai)
* Kan-on: らい (rai)
* Kan’yō-on: り (ri)
* Kun: あかざ (akaza, 萊)、あわち (awachi, 萊)、こうがい (kōgai, 萊)

#### Compounds

* 萊(らい)孱(せん) (raisen)
* 萊(らい)蕪(ぶ) (raibu)
* 萊(らい)菔(ふく) (raifuku)
* 草(そう)萊(らい) (sōrai)
* 蓬(ほう)萊(らい) (Hōrai)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 萊 (MC loj|lojH).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾɛ] ~ [ɾe̞] ~ [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [래/레/내/네]

### Hanja

Wikisource 萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), word-initial (South Korea) 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 내무 (萊蕪, naemu)
* 내백 (萊伯, naebaek)
* 내복 (萊菔, naebok)
* 내부 (萊婦, naebu)
* 내수 (萊藪, naesu)
* 내의 (萊衣, nae'ui)
* 내잔 (萊孱, naejan)
* 내증 (萊蒸, naejeung)
* 내채 (萊綵, naechae)
* 내처 (萊妻, naecheo)
* 봉래 (蓬萊, Bongnae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

萊: Hán Nôm readings: lai, lài
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.