# 哆

| 哆 | U+54C6, &#21702; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C6 |
| ← 哅 [U+54C5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 哇 → [U+54C7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

哆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口弓戈弓 (RNIN), four-corner 6702$_7$, composition ⿰口多)
* tremble, shiver, shudder, quiver

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 189, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3590
* Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 620, character 8
* Unihan data for U+54C6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 多 | *ʔl'aːl |
| 哆 | *ʔl'aːlʔ, *ʔl'aːls, *ʔr'aːls, *hr'aːl, *l̥ʰjaːlʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *l̥ʰjɯs |
| 跢 | *ʔl'aːls, *ʔl'aːds |
| 痑 | *ʔl'aːls, *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːn |
| 爹 | *daːʔ, *tjaː |
| 陊 | *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ |
| 橠 | *naːlʔ |
| 袲 | *naːlʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal |
| 奓 | *ʔr'aːl, *ʔr'aːls |
| 栘 | *ɦljeːl, *lal |
| 黟 | *ʔleːl, *ʔlil |
| 趍 | *sʰlo, *l'al |
| 誃 | *l'al, *l̥ʰjalʔ |
| 簃 | *l'al, *lal |
| 眵 | *ʔljjal, *l̥ʰjal |
| 恀 | *ʔljalʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljalʔ |
| 侈 | *l̥ʰjalʔ |
| 姼 | *l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljal, *ɦljalʔ |
| 鉹 | *l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal |
| 垑 | *l̥ʰjalʔ |
| 袳 | *l̥ʰjalʔ |
| 卶 | *l̥ʰjals, *hljals |
| 宜 | *ŋral |
| 誼 | *ŋrals |
| 竩 | *ŋrals |
| 移 | *lal |
| 迻 | *lal |
| 扅 | *lal |
| 拸 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 熪 | *lal |
| 謻 | *lal |
| 蛥 | *ɢljad |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duō (duo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): do$^1$ / do$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): do$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): to
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duō
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duo
*** Wade–Giles: to$^1$
*** Yale: dwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duo
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: do$^1$ / do$^2$
*** Yale: dō / dó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: do$^1$ / do$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: do$^1$ / do$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔː⁵⁵/, /tɔː³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: do$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /to⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: do$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to
*** Tâi-lô: to
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /to⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /to³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /to⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /to⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

哆
* Sound of hitting: tattoo
* Used in 哆嗦 (duōsuo).
* (dialectal) to purse (one's lips)

#### Compounds

* 哆嗦 (duōsuo)
* 哆囉哆嗦 / 哆啰哆嗦
* 打哆嗦

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chǐ, chě (chi$^3$, che$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˇ, ㄔㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^2$ / ce$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^3$
*** Yale: chř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chě
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chě
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^3$
*** Yale: chě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chee
*** Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^2$ / ce$^2$
*** Yale: chí / ché
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^2$ / tse$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^2$ / cé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː³⁵/, /t͡sʰɛː³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trhae, tsyheX, taX, tsyhaeX
Rime :
| Character | 哆 | 哆 | 哆 | 哆 |
| Reading # | 1/7 | 2/7 | 3/7 | 4/7 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) | 昌 (24) | 端 (5) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 支 (11) | 歌 (94) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III | I | III |
| Fanqie | 敕加切 | 尺氏切 | 丁可切 | 昌者切 |
| Baxter | trhae | tsyheX | taX | tsyhaeX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰˠa/ | /t͡ɕʰiᴇ$^X$/ | /tɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰᵚa/ | /t͡ɕʰiɛ$^X$/ | /tɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰa/ | /t͡ɕʰjɛ$^X$/ | /tɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰaɨ/ | /cʰiə̆$^X$/ | /ta$^X$/ | /cʰia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰa/ | /t͡ɕʰie$^X$/ | /tɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰa/ | /t͡ɕʰǐe$^X$/ | /tɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶʰa/ | /t͡ɕʰie̯$^X$/ | /tɑ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chā | chǐ | duǒ | chě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caa$^1$ | ci$^2$ | do$^2$ | ce$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t-l̥]Ajʔ/, /*[t-l̥]ajʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'aːlʔ/, /*hr'aːl/, /*l̥ʰjaːlʔ/, /*l̥ʰjalʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 哆 | 哆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chǐ | chǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhæ$^X$ › | ‹ tsyhe$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t-l̥]Ajʔ/ | /*[t-l̥]ajʔ/ |
| English | large | large |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 哆 | 哆 | 哆 | 哆 |
| Reading # | 1/7 | 4/7 | 5/7 | 6/7 |
| No. | 2638 | 2650 | 2652 | 2671 |
| Phonetic component | 多 | 多 | 多 | 多 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嚲 | 侘 | 奲 | 侈 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔl'aːlʔ/ | /*hr'aːl/ | /*l̥ʰjaːlʔ/ | /*l̥ʰjalʔ/ |

#### Definitions

哆
* (literary) with one's mouth open; mouth agape
* Used in 哆然.

#### Compounds

* 哆張 / 哆张
* 哆然
* 披哆
* 目瞠口哆

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhà (zha$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^4$
*** Yale: jà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: traeH
Rime :
| Character | 哆 |
| Reading # | 7/7 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 陟駕切 |
| Baxter | traeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'aːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 哆 |
| Reading # | 3/7 |
| No. | 2648 |
| Phonetic component | 多 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 吒 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔr'aːls/ |

#### Definitions

哆
* (historical dictionaries only) Only used in 哚㕦 (“with a big mouth”).

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chì (chi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^4$
*** Yale: chr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhiH
Rime :
| Character | 哆 |
| Reading # | 5/7 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌志切 |
| Baxter | tsyhiH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰjɯs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 哆 |
| Reading # | 7/7 |
| No. | 2692 |
| Phonetic component | 多 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 熾 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰjɯs/ |

#### Definitions

哆
* (historical dictionaries only) A kind of sound.

### Pronunciation 5

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duò (duo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duò
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duò
*** Wade–Giles: to$^4$
*** Yale: dwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: taH
Rime :
| Character | 哆 |
| Reading # | 6/7 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 丁佐切 |
| Baxter | taH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ta$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | duò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | do$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'aːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 哆 |
| Reading # | 2/7 |
| No. | 2641 |
| Phonetic component | 多 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 跢 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔl'aːls/ |

#### Definitions

哆
* (historical dictionaries only) A particle.

### References

* “哆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “哆”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 58.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* quiver, shiver, shudder, tremble

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: し (shi)、しゃ (sha)、た (ta)
* Kan-on: し (shi)、しゃ (sha)、た (ta)
* Kun: おおきい (ōkii, 哆きい)、おおくち (ōkuchi, 哆)

#### Compounds

* 摩哆(また) (mata)

#### Usage notes

Used in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

## Korean
### Hanja

哆 • (chi, cha) (hangeul 치, 차, revised chi, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, ch'a, Yale chi, cha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.