OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# synoptic
## English
### Etymology

From New Latin synopticus, from Ancient Greek συνοπτικός (sunoptikós, “seeing the whole together or at a glance”), from σύνοψις (súnopsis, “a general view, synopsis”), from συν- (sun-, “with”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).

### Adjective

synoptic (comparative more synoptic, superlative most synoptic)
* Of or relating to a synopsis.
* (meteorology, especially of meteorological data) Obtained simultaneously over a wide area, for presenting a comprehensive and nearly instantaneous picture of the state of the atmosphere.
* (Christianity) Pertaining to the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke.

#### Derived terms

* synoptic climatology

#### Related terms

* synopsis
* synoptically

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Further reading

* “synoptic”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “synoptic”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “synoptic”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* cytospin, syntopic
# rhwd
## Welsh
### Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *rutu-, as in the placename Rutupiae.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥uːd/

### Noun

rhwd m (plural rhydau)
* rust, corrosion
* (phytopathology) rust, rubigo
    Synonyms: y gawod goch, rhydni

#### Derived terms

* rhydlyd (“rusty”)
* rhydni (“rustiness; rubigo”)
* rhydu (“to rust”)
* rhytgoch (“rust-coloured; russet”)
* rhwd marchredyn (“male-fern rust”)
* rhwd mintys (“mint rust”)
* rhwd mynawyd-y-bugail (“geranium rust”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Eric P. Hamp (1966) “Roman British Rutupiae, Gaulish Rutuba”, in Études Celtiques‎, volume 11, page 413‒414
* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhwd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# Gerrhosauridae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Gerrhosaurus +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Gerrhosauridae
* A taxonomic family within the order Squamata – plated lizards.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptilia – class; Diapsida – subclass; Lepidosauromorpha – infraclass; Lepidosauria – superorder; Squamata – order; Scincoidea - superfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Gerrhosaurinae, Zonosaurinae – subfamilies
** Broadleysaurus, Cordylosaurus, Gerrhosaurus, Matobosaurus, Tetradactylus, Tracheloptychus, Zonosaurus – genera

### References

* Gerrhosauridae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Gerrhosauridae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Gerrhosauridae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gerrhosauridae at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Gerrhosauridae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Gerrhosauridae at Paleobiology Database
# täze
## Turkmen
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete, 1929 orthography) tәze
* (obsolete, 1992 orthography) teaze

### Etymology

From Persian تازه (tâze).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tä‧ze

### Adjective

täze (comparative täzeräk, superlative iň täze)
* new

#### Derived terms

* täzeden
* täzelemek
* täzelenmek
* täzeletmek
* täzelikçi
* täzelikçilik

### Further reading

* “täze” in Enedilim.com
* “täze” in Webonary.org
# përrua
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* Gheg: përrue, përrû (-ni)
* singular: prroj (-i), prron (-i), prronjë (f.)
* plural: prrona, përronje, përrenjë

### Etymology

A Balkan word. From Proto-Albanian *pVrē/ān-, or Proto-Albanian *per-rāno, possibly a prefixed derivative of rrua. Compare Romanian pârâu (“torrent, stream”), assimilated to râu (“river”). Alternatively, from Old Albanian përruo, from Bulgarian порой (poroj, “torrent”).

### Noun

përrua m
* torrent, rapid stream
* bed of a rapid stream or torrent
* (figurative) large quantity of something moving in a rush, torrent, gush

#### Derived terms

* prroskë

#### Related terms

* rrua

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: pârâu

### References

* ↑ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 318
* ↑ Stefan Schumacher, "Lehnbeziehung zwischen Protoalbanisch und balkanischem Latein bzw. Romanisch", in Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2009), 45-8.
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “përrua”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 323

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
# tuszu
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtu.ʂu/
* Rhymes: -uʂu
* Syllabification: tu‧szu

### Noun

tuszu
* genitive/locative/vocative singular of tusz
# януари
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jɐnoˈari]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

януа́ри • (januári) m (indeclinable, relational adjective януа́рски)
* January

#### Coordinate terms

* януа́ри (januári)
* февруа́ри (fevruári)
* март (mart)
* апри́л (apríl)
* май (maj)
* ю́ни (júni)
* ю́ли (júli)
* а́вгуст (ávgust)
* септе́мври (septémvri)
* окто́мври (októmvri)
* ное́мври (noémvri)
* деке́мври (dekémvri)

### References

* “януари”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “януари”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

### Anagrams

* анурия (anurija)
# fragmentalize
## English
### Etymology

From fragmental +‎ -ize.

### Verb

fragmentalize (third-person singular simple present fragmentalizes, present participle fragmentalizing, simple past and past participle fragmentalized)
* (transitive) Synonym of fragmentize

#### Derived terms

* fragmentalization
# септември
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɛpˈtɛɱvri]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

септе́мври • (septémvri) m (indeclinable, relational adjective септември́йски)
* September (ninth month of the Gregorian calendar)

#### See also

* януа́ри (januári)
* февруа́ри (fevruári)
* март (mart)
* апри́л (apríl)
* май (maj)
* ю́ни (júni)
* ю́ли (júli)
* а́вгуст (ávgust)
* септе́мври (septémvri)
* окто́мври (októmvri)
* ное́мври (noémvri)
* деке́мври (dekémvri)

### References

* “септември”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “септември”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɛpˈtɛɱvri]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

септе́мври • (septémvri) m (indeclinable, relational adjective септемвриски)
* the month of September

### See also

* јануа́ри (januári)
* февруа́ри (fevruári)
* март (mart)
* а́прил (ápril)
* мај (maj)
* ју́ни (júni)
* ју́ли (júli)
* а́вгуст (ávgust)
* септе́мври (septémvri)
* окто́мври (októmvri)
* ное́мври (noémvri)
* деке́мври (dekémvri)
# Herculi
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈher.ku.liː/, [ˈhɛrkʊlʲiː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈer.ku.li/, [ˈɛrkuli]

### Proper noun

Herculī
* genitive/dative singular of Herculēs
# gēzǐxì
## Mandarin
### Romanization

gēzǐxì (Zhuyin ㄍㄜ ㄗˇ ㄒㄧˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 歌仔戲 / 歌仔戏
# pilothouse
## English
### Etymology

From pilot +‎ house.

### Noun

pilothouse (plural pilothouses)
* (nautical) A wheelhouse.
** 1899, Joseph Conrad, chapter 2, in Heart of Darkness:The funnel projected through that roof, and in front of the funnel a small cabin built of light planks served for a pilot-house.
** 1957, Carolyn Ramsey, “‘Steamin’ at de Moon’”, in Cajuns on the Bayous, New York, N.Y.: Hastings House, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 24:Suddenly I felt a deep pang of regret—for all those thousands of poor mortals who had not stood in a pilothouse and felt that surge of eager motion as some ancient riverboat slid through deep bayou waters and headed downstream. […] From the pilothouse I walked onto the hurricane deck and watched as the sun dropped behind the bearded oaks, casting long shadows across the limpid bayou.
* A yacht or other small vessel which has a wheelhouse.
# 試探
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìtàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^3$ taam$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-tham
    (Hailu, HRS): chi$^ˇ$ tam$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si$^4$ tang$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhì-thàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìtàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhtàn
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: shr̀-tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhtann
*** Palladius: шитань (šitanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^3$ taam$^3$
*** Yale: si taam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^3$ taam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^3$ tam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː³³ tʰaːm³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-tham
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii tam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^4$ tam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ tʰam⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chi$^ˇ$ tam$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰi¹¹ tʰam¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: si$^4$ tang$^4$ [Phonetic: si$^1$ tang$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍-ta̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬi⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tʰaŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhì-thàm
*** Tâi-lô: tshì-thàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chie'taxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ tʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ tʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰam¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰam²¹/

#### Verb

試探
* to prove or explore a question

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìtan, shìtàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ˙ㄊㄢ, ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^3$ taam$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìtan
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ˙ㄊㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhtån
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-tʻan$^5$
*** Yale: shr̀-tan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh.tan
*** Palladius: шитань (šitanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰän¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìtàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhtàn
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: shr̀-tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhtann
*** Palladius: шитань (šitanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^3$ taam$^3$
*** Yale: si taam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^3$ taam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^3$ tam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː³³ tʰaːm³³/

#### Verb

試探
* to sound out; to feel out
# Nagar
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Hindi नगर (nagar), from Sanskrit नगर (nagara, “of the city”).

#### Proper noun

Nagar (plural Nagars)
* A surname of Indian usage.

##### Related terms

* Bhatnagar
* Devanagari
* Nagari

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hebrew נַגָּר (nagár, “carpenter”), an occupational surname.

#### Proper noun

Nagar (plural Nagars)
* A surname from Hebrew.

### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Nagar is the 38532nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 574 individuals. Nagar is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (59.06%) and White (33.1%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Nagar”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 645.
# ketä
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈketæ/, [ˈk̟e̞t̪æ]
* Rhymes: -etæ
* Hyphenation: ke‧tä

### Pronoun

ketä
* (interrogative, indefinite) partitive singular of kuka / ken

### Pronoun

ketä
* (colloquial, dialectal) who
    Ketä sen teki?Who did it?

#### Usage notes

Same as kuka/ken except for the nominative singular.

#### Synonyms

* kuka (standard)

### Further reading

* “ketä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* etkä, käet
# -아-
## Korean
### Etymology

Possibly inherited from Middle Korean 아 (-a-, causative suffix?). Alternatively, possibly formed via reanalysis from 우 (-u-, causative suffix).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [a̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [아]

### Suffix

아 • (-a-)
* (Southern Gyeongsang) Derives certain causative verbs, especially for stems ending in ㅣ (i). No longer productive.
    ‎널찌다 (neoljjida, “to fall”) + ‎아 (-a-) → ‎널짜다 (neoljjada, “to drop; to cause to fall”)

#### Usage notes

Many Gyeongsang verbs formed by 아 (-a-) correspond to a Seoul form with 우 (-u-).
# ἐρεισάμενος
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.reː.sá.me.nos/ → /e.riˈsa.me.nos/ → /e.riˈsa.me.nos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /e.reː.sá.me.nos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /e.riˈsa.me.nos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /e.riˈsa.me.nos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /e.riˈsa.me.nos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /e.riˈsa.me.nos/

### Participle

ἐρεισάμενος • (ereisámenos) m (feminine ἐρεισᾰμένη, neuter ἐρεισάμενον); first/second declension
* aorist middle participle of ἐρείδω (ereídō)
# di-lun
## Welsh
### Etymology

From di- (“-less”) +‎ llun (“shape, form”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “dîlin in SW”

### Adjective

di-lun (feminine singular di-lun, plural di-lun, equative mor ddi-lun, comparative mwy di-lun, superlative mwyaf di-lun)
* shapeless, formless
    Synonyms: di-ffurf, afluniaidd
* distorted, deformed
    Synonyms: dybryd, hagr
* awkward, clumsy
    Synonyms: trwsgl, lletchwith, anhyfedr
* slovenly, chaotic
    Synonyms: di-drefn, anniben aflêr

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “di-lun”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “di-lun”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# diurapi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed urap +‎ di- +‎ -i.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /diuˈrapi/ [di.uˈra.pi]
* Rhymes: -api
* Syllabification: di‧u‧ra‧pi

### Verb

diurapi (active mengurapi, passive diurapi)
* (Christianity) to anoint

### Further reading

* “diurapi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# zacharywać
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Compare Lesser Polish zacharować.

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /za.xaˈrɘ.vat͡ɕ/

### Verb

zacharywać impf
* (intransitive, Near Masovian) to get into someone's favor

### Further reading

* Władysław Matlakowski (1892) “zacharywać”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 20
# nací
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /naˈθi/ [naˈθi]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /naˈsi/ [naˈsi]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: na‧cí

### Verb

nací
* first-person singular preterite indicative of nacer
# جحيم
## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare جَحُمَ (jaḥuma, “(intransitive) to burn”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.ħiːm/
* Rhymes: -iːm

### Noun

جَحِيم • (jaḥīm) f
* inferno, large fire
    Synonym: سَعِير (saʕīr)
* A place or situation of great suffering in life
    صَارَتْ حَيَاتُهُ جَحِيمًا ― ṣārat ḥayātuhu jaḥīman ― His life became hell.
* An extremely hot place
* (religion, definite اَلْجَحِيم (al-jaḥīm)) hell
    Synonyms: هَاوِيَة (hāwiya), سَعِير (saʕīr), النَّار (an-nār), جَهَنَّم (jahannam), لَظَىٰ (laẓā), سَقَر (saqar), حُطَمَة (ḥuṭama)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 79:39:فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَىfaʔinna l-jaḥīma hiya l-maʔwāThen indeed, Hellfire will be [his] refuge.

#### Antonyms

* نَعِيم (naʕīm)

#### Descendants

* → Persian: جحیم (jahim)
* → Gujarati: જહીમ (jahīm)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جحيم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Mu`jam al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah al-Mu`aasirah by Ahmad Mukhtar Umar (d. 2003 CE) معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة لأحمد مختار عمر
# pengeboran darat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengeboran (“drilling”) +‎ darat (“land”).

### Noun

pengeboran darat (plural pengeboran-pengeboran darat)
* (mining) onshore drilling: the process of drilling for oil or gas wells on land.

### Further reading

* “pengeboran darat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Haslibergerin
## German
### Etymology

From Hasliberger +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: Has‧li‧ber‧ge‧rin

### Noun

Haslibergerin f (genitive Haslibergerin, plural Haslibergerinnen, masculine Hasliberger)
* (demonym) female equivalent of Hasliberger
# గుడి
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuɖi/
* Rhymes: -ɖi

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *kuṭV. Doublet of గుడ్డు (guḍḍu).

#### Noun

గుడి • (guḍi) n (plural గుళ్ళు)
* a circle
* the name of the secondary form of the vowel ఇ (i)

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Kannada ಗುಡಿ (guḍi), Tamil குடி (kuṭi). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Noun

గుడి • (guḍi) n (plural గుళ్ళు)
* a temple
    Synonyms: ఆలయము (ālayamu), దేవాలయము (dēvālayamu)

##### Derived terms

* గర్భగుడి (garbhaguḍi)
* గుడిప్రదక్షిణము (guḍipradakṣiṇamu)
* గుడిబండ (guḍibaṇḍa)
* గుడివాడ (guḍivāḍa)

### References

* గుడి at Telugu On-line Dictionaries Project on Andhra Bharati, partially sponsored by the Telugu Association of North America (in Telugu)
* Budaraju Radhakrishna (1971) “గుడి”, in Early Telugu Inscriptions (up to 1100 A.D.) with Texts, Glossary & Brief Linguistic History., Kalabhavan, Saifabad, Hyderabad: Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi, page 301.
<references/ >
* ↑ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “kuṭi”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 151.
# ニヤㇷ゚
## Ainu
### Noun

ニヤㇷ゚ • (niyap)
* flame
# Călinești
## English
### Etymology

From Romanian Călinești.

### Proper noun

Călinești
* the name of a number of villages and communes in Romania.
** A commune of Argeș, Romania.
** A village in Călinești, Argeș, Romania.
** A village in Negri, Bacău, Romania.
** A locality in Bucecea, Botoșani, Romania.
** A village in Cândești, Botoșani, Romania.
** A village in Mischii, Dolj, Romania.
** A commune of Maramureș, Romania.
** A village in Călinești, Maramureș, Romania.
** A village in Radomirești, Olt, Romania.
** A village in Florești, Prahova, Romania.
** A village in Dărmănești, Suceava, Romania.
** A village in Șerbăuți, Suceava, Romania.
** A commune of Teleorman, Romania.
** A village in Călinești, Teleorman, Romania.
** A village in Brezoi, Vâlcea, Romania.

#### Related terms

* Călinești-Oaș

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Călin +‎ -ești.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Călinești m
* A commune of Argeș, Romania
* A village in Călinești, Argeș, Romania
* A village in Negri, Bacău, Romania
* A locality in Bucecea, Botoșani, Romania
* A village in Cândești, Botoșani, Romania
* A village in Mischii, Dolj, Romania
* A commune of Maramureș, Romania
* A village in Călinești, Maramureș, Romania
* A village in Radomirești, Olt, Romania
* A village in Florești, Prahova, Romania
* A village in Dărmănești, Suceava, Romania
* A village in Șerbăuți, Suceava, Romania
* A commune of Teleorman, Romania
* A village in Călinești, Teleorman, Romania
* A village in Brezoi, Vâlcea, Romania
# 布什
## Chinese

* 布什

### Etymology

Borrowed from English Bush.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bùshí
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄕˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bùshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bùshíh
*** Wade–Giles: Pu$^4$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: Bù-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Buhshyr
*** Palladius: Буши (Buši)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

### Proper noun

布什
* (Mainland China) A transliteration of the English surname Bush
       Lǎo Bùshí shì Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyǒu. [Pinyin]
       Bush senior was an old friend of the Chinese people.

#### Synonyms

* (Taiwan) 布希 (Bùxī)
* (Hong Kong) 布殊 (Bùshū)

### References

* Proper Names And Translation Service, Xinhua News Agency, editor (2007), “Bush 布什 [英、西、芬、俄]”, in 世界人名翻译大辞典 [Names of The Worlds Peoples: A comprehensive dictionary of names in Roman-Chinese] (in Chinese), 2nd edition, Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, →OCLC.
# black legend
## English
### Etymology

Genericized use of Black Legend, a calque from Spanish Leyenda Negra coined by Julián Juderías in his 1914 book La Leyenda Negra y la Verdad Histórica. The Spanish term is in turn likely a calque of French légende noire, an expression by Arthur Lévy in his 1893 book Napoléon intime.

### Noun

black legend (plural black legends)
* Historiographical phenomenon in which a sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting and introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts is directed against particular persons, nations or institutions with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of them.
    Coordinate term: white legend

#### Translations
### Proper noun

the black legend
* Alternative letter-case form of Black Legend
** 1992, Edwin Williamson, The Penguin history of Latin America, London, New York: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 84:Here the problem is aggravated by the mutually reinforcing influences of the ‘black legend’ of Spanish greed and cruelty, and the contrasting myth of the American Indian as ‘noble savage’.
# viluppo
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* goluppo (Tuscan)

### Etymology

Uncertain. Most sources originate it from Late Latin faluppa (“chaff, waste”) (from which also the doublet faloppa), influenced from/crossed with a derivate of Latin volvere.
Other sources theorizes a sole derivation from volvere.
Lastly, it may be related to/based on Old French (en)velopper, which either derives from one of the previously mentioned roots or, through an unattested Vulgar Latin term, from Germanic (compare with the (unsourced) theories displayed for the english terms envelop, develop).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viˈlup.po/
* Rhymes: -uppo
* Hyphenation: vi‧lùp‧po

### Noun

viluppo m (plural viluppi)
* tangle

#### Derived terms

* avviluppare
* disviluppare
* inviluppare
* sviluppare

### References

* ↑ viluppo in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* ↑ viluppo in internazionale.it – Dizionario Italiano di Internazionale – Il Nuovo di Mauro
* ↑ viluppo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* ↑ Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) “viluppo”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati
* ↑ https://www.nome.me/it/parola/viluppo.html (taken from Oxford Languages)
* ↑ https://www.persee.fr/doc/roma_0035-8029_1901_num_30_120_5223_t1_0567_0000_2, p. 575
* ↑ vilùppo in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
* ↑ “envelop”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.