OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# دافي
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دافِئ (dāfiʔ, “warm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daː.fi/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

دافي • (dāfi) (feminine دافية (dāfya), masculine plural دافيين (dāfyīn), feminine plural دافيات (dāfyāt), elative أدفى (ʔadfa) or دفى (dfa))
* warm
    Antonym: بارد (bārid)

### See also

* سخون (sḵūn)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دافِئ (dāfiʔ, “warm”). Equivalent to the active participle of دفي (difi, “to become warm”) .

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daː.fi/, [ˈdæː.fi]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

دافي • (dāfi) (feminine دافية (dāfye), elative أدفى (ʔadfa))
* warm
    الطقس دافي. ― iṭ-ṭaʔs dāfi ― The weather is warm.

#### Usage notes

* When describing the weather with الدنيا (id-dinya), the noun دفا (dafa) is used instead.

#### See also

Temperature · حرارة (ḥarāra) :
| | Cold | Warm | Hot | Hot (Weather) | Very Hot |
| Noun | برد (bard) | دفا (dafa) | حرّ (ḥarr) | شوب (šōb) | حمّ (ḥamm) |
| Verb | برد (barad) | دفي (difi) | سخن (saḵan) | شوّب (šawwab) | حمي (ḥimi) |
| Adjective | بارد (bāred) | دافي (dāfi) | سخن (suḵn), حارّ (ḥārr) | مشوّب (mšawweb) | حامي (ḥāmi) |
| Feeling | بردان (bardān) | دفيان (dafyān) | | شوبان (šōbān) | حميان (ḥamyān) |
# أهلي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of أَهْل (ʔahl) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ء ه ل (ʔ h l).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔah.lijj/

### Adjective

أَهْلِيّ • (ʔahliyy) (feminine أَهْلِيَّة (ʔahliyya), masculine plural أَهْلِيُّونَ (ʔahliyyūna), feminine plural أَهْلِيَّات (ʔahliyyāt))
* domesticated, tame
    اَلْحَيَوَانَاتُ ٱلْأَهْلِيَّةُ ― al-ḥayawānātu l-ʔahliyyatu ― domesticated animals
* local
    اَلْإِنْتَاجُ ٱلْأَهْلِيُّ لِلْمَدِينَةِal-ʔintāju l-ʔahliyyu lilmadīnatilocal production of the city
* civil
    حُرُوبٌ أَهْلِيَّةٌ ― ḥurūbun ʔahliyyatun ― civil wars

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əhli
* → Turkish: ehli
# بطولة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bu.tˤuː.la/

#### Noun

بُطُولَة • (buṭūla) f (plural بُطُولَات (buṭūlāt))
* (uncountable) verbal noun of بَطُلَ (baṭula) (form I)
* bravery
* championship
* starring
    سَيُعْرَضُ فِيلْمُ كُومِيدْيَا بِبُطُولَةِ عَادِل إِمَام.sayuʕraḍu fīlmu kūmīdyā bibuṭūlati ʕādil ʔimām.There'll be a screening of a comedy movie starring Adel Imam.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /batˤ.tˤuː.la/

#### Noun

بَطُّولَة • (baṭṭūla) f (plural بَطُّولَات (baṭṭūlāt))
* (Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Southern Iran) a metallic-looking mask worn by women
# حوسة
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈħoː.sa/

### Noun

حوسة • (ḥōsa) f (plural حوسات (ḥōsāt))
* chaos, mess
    Synonyms: خربطة (ḵarbaṭa), لخبطة (laḵbaṭa)
    إيش ذي الحوسة؟ ― ʼēš dī l-ḥōsa? ― what's this mess?

#### Alternative forms

* حوسا (ḥōsa)
# كفرية
## Arabic
### Etymology

From كُفْر (kufr) +‎ ـِيّة (-iyya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuf.rij.ja/

### Noun

كُفْرِيّة • (kufriyya) f (plural كُفْرِيّات (kufriyyāt))
* blasphemousness, the state of being heretic
    لَا شَكَّ فِي كُفْرِيّةِ هٰذَا الْكِتاب.lā šakka fī kufriyyati hāḏā l-kitāb.The blasphemousness of this book is undoubtable.
* (chiefly in the plural) blasphemy, an act or expression of heresy or unbelief
    اَلْكِتابُ مَلِيءٌ بِالْكُفْرِيّات.al-kitābu malīʔun bi-l-kufriyyāt.The book is full of heresies.

#### Descendants

* Maltese: kefrija
# نتفة
## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic نُتْفَة (nutfa).

### Noun

نتفة • (nitfe) f
* a little bit, a small amount

### Adverb

نتفة • (nitfe)
* a little, a bit, slightly
    Synonym: شوي (šwayy)
    Antonym: كتير (ktīr)

#### Derived terms

* نتفة نتفة (nitfe nitfe, “gradually, step by step”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic نُتْفَة (nutfa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nit.fe/, [ˈnɪt.fe]
* IPA: /nit.fa/, [ˈnɪt.fa]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

نتفة • (nitfe) f
* a little bit, a small amount
    Synonym: شوي (šwayy)
    الأكل بدّه نتفة ملح. ― il-ʔakl biddo nitfet mileḥ ― The food needs a pinch of salt.
# ثم ماذا
## Arabic
### Interjection

ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ • (ṯumma māḏā?)
* so what (reply of indifference)
    وَإن كَانَ كَمَا تَقُولُ، ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟waʔin kāna kamā taqūlu, ṯumma māḏā?Even if it were as you say, so what? / what difference would that make?
# كيلو
## Hijazi Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiː.lu/, [kiː.lu]

### Noun

كيلو • (kīlu) m (dual كيلُوِّين (kīluwwēn))
* kilo, kilogram
    ثلاثة كيلو و نُصّ ― talāta kīlu u-nuṣṣ ― three and a half kilos
* kilometre
    Synonym: كيلومتر (kīlu mitir)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From French kilo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiː.lo/, [ˈkiː.lo]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

كيلو • (kīlo) m (dual كيلوين (kīlowēn) or كيلتین (kīltēn))
* kilo, kilogram
    تلات كيلو ونصّ ― talāt kīlo w-noṣṣ ― three and a half kilos
* kilometre
    Synonym: كيلومتر (kīlōmitr)

#### See also

* غرام (ḡrām, “gram”)
* طنّ (ṭonn, “ton”)
* متر (mitr, “metre”)
# فرشاية
## South Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* فرشاي (furšāy)

### Etymology

From فُرْشَاة (furšāh).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fur.ʃaː.je/, [fʊrˈʃæː.je]
* IPA: /fur.ʃaː.ja/, [fʊrˈʃæː.ja]
* IPA: (Galilee) /fur.ʃaːj/, [fʊrˈʃæːj]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

فرشاية • (furšāye) f (plural فراشي (farāši) or فرشايات (furšāyāt))
* brush
    فرشاية السنان ― furšāyet is-snān ― toothbrush
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
    فرشاية الرسم ― furšāyet ir-rasm ― paintbrush
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
# إيجار
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔiː.d͡ʒaːr/
* Rhymes: -aːr

### Noun

إِيجَار • (ʔījār) m (plural إِيجَارَات (ʔījārāt))
* verbal noun of آجَرَ (ʔājara) (form IV)
* rent
    شَقَّةٌ لِلْإِيجَارِ ― šaqqatun lilʔījāri ― An apartment for rent

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: ايجار (ījār), اجار (ajār)
# خايف
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خَائِف (ḵāʔif).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaː.jif/, [xaː.jɪf]

### Adjective

خايف • (ḵāyif) (feminine خايْفة (ḵāyfa), common plural خايْفين (ḵāyfīn))
* afraid, scared

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خَائِف (ḵāʔif). Equivalent to the active participle of خاف (ḵaf, “to be afraid, scared”) .

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaː.jif/, [ˈxæː.jɪf]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

خايف • (ḵāyef) (feminine خايفة (ḵāyfe), common plural خايفين (ḵāyfīn))
* afraid, scared
    هي خايفة تدرس هندسة نفط ولمّا تتخرّج يخلص النّفط.hiyye ḵāyfe todros handase nɑfṭ w-lamma titḵarraj yoḵloṣ in-nɑfṭ.She's afraid of studying petroleum engineering and [then] oil running out when she graduates.
# حبطرش
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.batˤ.raʃ/, [ħaˈbɑtˤ.rˤɑʃ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

حبطرش • (ḥabaṭraš)
* a lot of, much, many
    Synonym: كتير (ktīr)
    فيه سيّارات حبطرش قدام القهوة.fī sayyārāt ḥabaṭraš ʔuddām il-ʔahweThere are a ton of cars in front of the coffee shop.
# كسا
## Arabic
### Etymology

From root ك س و (k s w). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כָּסָה (kāsâ, “to cover, conceal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.saː/

### Verb

كَسَا • (kasā) I (non-past يَكْسُو (yaksū), verbal noun كَسْو (kasw))
* (ditransitive) to clothe, to attire
    Synonym: أَلْبَسَ (ʔalbasa)
    كَسَتِ ٱلْأُمُّ ٱبْنَهَا ثَوْبًاkasati l-ʔummu bnahā ṯawbanThe mother clothed her son with a garment.
* to cover
    اَلْعَرَقُ يَكْسُوهُ ― al-ʕaraqu yaksūhu ― The sweat covers him.
    كَسَا ٱلثَّلْجُ ٱلْجِبَالَkasā ṯ-ṯalju l-jibālaThe snow covered the mountains.

#### Conjugation
### Noun

كُسًا • (kusan) f pl
* plural of كِسْوَة (kiswa)
# انحب
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.ħabb/, [(ɪ)nˈħab]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Verb

انحبّ • (inḥabb) VII (present بنحبّ (binḥabb))
* passive of حبّ (ḥabb): to be loved
    إنتا بتستحقّ تنحبّ ― ʔinta btistaḥaʔʔ tinḥabb ― You deserve to be loved.
# حقن
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.qa.na/

### Verb

حَقَنَ • (ḥaqana) I (non-past يَحْقُنُ (yaḥqunu) or يَحْقِنُ (yaḥqinu), verbal noun حَقْن (ḥaqn))
* to keep back, to withhold, to retain, to collect
    حَقَنَ ٱلْمَاءَ فِي ٱلسِّقَاءِḥaqana l-māʔa fī s-siqāʔiHe collected the water in the waterskin.
* to inject, to shoot, to syringe
# ستيانة
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From French soutien, short for French soutien-gorge (“bra”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sutjaːna/

### Noun

ستيانة • (sutyāna) f (plural سُتيانات (sutyānāt))
* bra, brassiere

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From French soutien, short for French soutien-gorge (“bra”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sit.jaː.ne/

### Noun

سِتْيَانة • (sityāne) f (plural ستيانات (sityānāt))
* bra
    الله يخزيها شوفي كيف حز الستيانة مبين من تحت الجلباب.alla yiḵzīha šūfi kīf ḥizz is-sityāne mbayyin min taḥt il-jilbāb.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* Dibas, Shahd [et al.] (2022) Maknuune: A Large Open Palestinian Arabic Lexicon (Proceedings of the Seventh Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop (WANLP))‎, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Association for Computational Linguistics, →ISBN, →OL which is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
# xiězuàn
## Mandarin
### Romanization

xiězuàn (Zhuyin ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄗㄨㄢˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 血鑽 / 血钻
# لعب حديد
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Literally, “to play iron”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li.ʕib ħa.diːd/, [lɪ.ʕɪb ħaˈdiːd]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Verb

لعب حديد • (liʕib ḥadīd)
* to weight-lift
    ما بحبّ كتير الرياضة، بس صارلي سنة بلعب حديد.mā baḥebb ktīr ir-riyāḍāt bas ṣār-li sane balʕab ḥadīdI don't like sports very much, but I've been weight-lifting for a year.
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
# عبثي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of عَبَث (ʕabaṯ) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ع ب ث (ʕ b ṯ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.ba.θijj/

### Adjective

عَبَثِيّ • (ʕabaṯiyy) (feminine عَبَثِيَّة (ʕabaṯiyya), masculine plural عَبَثِيُّونَ (ʕabaṯiyyūna), feminine plural عَبَثِيَّات (ʕabaṯiyyāt))
* something done without a realistic or defined goal or objective, aimless, pointless, useless, purposeless, absurd, futile, needless
    حَرْبٌ عَبَثِيَّةٌ ― ḥarbun ʕabaṯiyyatun ― futile war
# اسمر
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic أَسْمَر (ʔasmar).

### Adjective

اسمر • (esmer)
* tan, blackish, tanned

#### Descendants

* Turkish: esmer
* → Armenian: էսմեր (ēsmer), ասմար (asmar)

### References

Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اسمر”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 38

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic اِسْمَرَّ (ismarra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /smarr/, [(ɪ)sˈmɑr]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Verb

اسمر • (ismarr) IX (present بسمرّ (bismarr))
* to get dark, to tan
    كنت في البحر واسمرّيت كتير.kunt fi-l-baḥr w-ismarrēt ktīrI was at the sea [beach] and I got really tanned.
# من حيث
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /min ħaj.θu/

### Conjunction

مِنْ حَيْثُ • (min ḥayṯu)
* from where, whence, wherefrom
* as for, concerning, regarding
    Synonym: أَمَّا (ʔammā)
    مِنْ حَيْثُ ٱلثَّقَافَةُmin ḥayṯu ṯ-ṯaqāfatuwith regard to education, as much as education is concerned
    مِنْ حَيْثُ ٱلْمَبْدَأُ ― min ḥayṯu l-mabdaʔu ― in principle
    اَلْعَالَمُ مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَ ― al-ʕālamu min ḥayṯu huwa ― the world as such
# عسعس
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕas.ʕa.sa/

### Verb

عَسْعَسَ • (ʕasʕasa) Iq (non-past يُعَسْعِسُ (yuʕasʕisu), verbal noun عَسْعَسَة (ʕasʕasa))
* (intransitive) to darken, to become dark
    عَسْعَسَ ٱللَّيْلُ. ― ʕasʕasa l-laylu. ― The night came on.
# لسه
## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* لسى (lissa)

### Etymology

Univerbation of لـ (li) +‎ الساعة (as-sāʕa)

### Adverb

لسه • (lissa)
* still, (not) yet
    هو لسه صغير. لسه بدري على المشيhuwwa lissa ṣḡayyar. lissa badri ʕala l-mašyHe's still small. It's still too early for him to walk.
    جه ولا لسه؟ ― gih walla lissa? ― Has he come or not yet?
    لساكوا مرحتوش؟ ― lissāku maruḥtūš ― Haven't you gone yet?
    شفت المدير؟ – لسه.šuft il-mudīr? – lissa.Have you seen the manager? – Not yet.
# ترامب
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* ترمب

### Etymology

Borrowed from English Trump.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ti.raːmb/, /ti.raːmp/, /traːmb/, /traːmp/

### Proper noun

تِرَامْب or تِرَامْب or تْرَامْب or تْرَامْب • (tirāmb or tirāmp or trāmb or trāmp) ?
* A transliteration of the English surname Trump
    دُونَالْد تِرَامْب ― dūnāld tirāmb ― Donald Trump
# Vāldakrīevmō
## Livonian
### Etymology

From vālda (“white”) +‎ krīevõz (“Russian”) +‎ mō (“land”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɑːldɑkriːevmɒː/

### Proper noun

Vāldakrīevmō
* Belarus
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    Vāldakrīevmō – Valgevene – Baltkrievija
       Belarus – Belarus – Belarus
# ملفوف
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of لَفَّ (laffa, “to wrap”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mal.fuːf/
* Rhymes: -uːf

### Adjective

مَلْفُوف • (malfūf) (feminine مَلْفُوفَة (malfūfa), masculine plural مَلْفُوفُونَ (malfūfūna), feminine plural مَلْفُوفَات (malfūfāt))
* wrapped

#### Declension
### Noun

مَلْفُوف • (malfūf) m
* cabbage
    Synonym: كُرُنْب (kurunb)

#### Declension
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَلْفُوف (malfūf).

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /məlˈfuːf/

### Noun

مَلْفوف • (malfūf) (collective, singulative مَلْفوفة (malfūfa), plural مَلْفوفات (malfūfāt) or مَلاليف (malālīf))
* cabbage

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَلْفُوف (malfūf).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mal.fuːf/, [malˈfuːf]
* Audio (Bethlehem):(file)

### Noun

ملفوف • (malfūf) m (collective, singulative ملفوفة f (malfūfe), paucal ملفوفات (malfūfāt))
* (uncountable) cabbage
    راس ملفوف / ملفوفة ― rās malfūf / malfūfe ― a head of cabbage

### Adjective

ملفوف • (malfūf) (feminine ملفوفة (malfūfe))
* wrapped, wound, coiled
# twistified
## English
### Verb

twistified
* simple past and past participle of twistify
# Terenią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɛˈrɛ.ɲɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɛɲɔw̃
* Syllabification: Te‧re‧nią

### Proper noun

Terenią
* instrumental singular of Terenia
# Huoerguosi
## English
### Alternative forms

* Huo'erguosi

### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī), without syllable-dividing mark (隔音符號／隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào)).

### Proper noun

Huoerguosi
* Synonym of Khorgas: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.
** 1983 July 8, “China to Reopen Trading Posts on Soviet Border”, in The Japan Times‎, volume 87, number 30346, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4, column 1:The Chinese economic ministry identified the Xinjiang trading points as Huoerguosi between Yhining on the Chinese side and Panfilov in the Soviet Union and Toergete about 640 km south between Kashgar on the Chinese side and Osh in the Soviet Union.
** 1984 September 28 [1984 September 20], “A Stroll Along the Sino-Soviet Border -- Part I”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 190, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Beijing ZHONGGUO XINWEN SHE, translation of original by Tian Huiming (in Chinese), →ISSN, →OCLC, PRC International Affairs: Soviet Union, page C 1:Huoerguosi was a busy trading post during the 1950s and 1960s. The gate was closed in 1970 and only two persons were left at the Chinese customs post to take charge of postal matters because postal communications were never suspended bewteen the two countries. The two trading posts in Xinjiang opened simultaneously on 16 November 1983. Now although Huoerguosi past has a dozen customs officers, they are still understaffed. More than a hundred Soviet trucks cross the border daily and there is a continuous flow fo Soviet citizens crossing the border to visit their relatives.
** 2011 October 11, Beijing and Shanghai Newsrooms, “PRESS DIGEST - China -- Oct 11”, in Ken Wills, Jonathan Hopfner, editors, Reuters‎, sourced from People's Daily, archived from the original on 05 April 2024, Technology:The State Council, the cabinet, has come out with details of support for two economic zones in the northwest region of Xinjiang, Kashigar and Huoerguosi, to help boost their economic development.

#### Usage notes

Huoerguosi can be considered a misspelling of Huo'erguosi. In theory, a syllable-dividing mark (隔音符號／隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào)) should be added before a non-initial syllable beginning with a, o, or e. Hence, Huoerguosi is not allowed since a word made up of huo, er, guo and si would be spelled as Huo'erguosi, a word made up of hu, o, er, guo and si would be spelled as Hu'o'erguosi, a word made up of huo, er, gu, o and si would be spelled as Huo'ergu'osi and a word made up of hu, o, er, gu, o and si would be spelled as Hu'o'ergu'osi. In practice, syllable-dividing marks are often added or omitted at will.
# పరాసత్వము
## Telugu
### Noun

పరాసత్వము • (parāsatvamu) ? (plural పరాసత్వములు)
* death, extinction

#### Synonyms

* పరాసనము (parāsanamu)
# فاعلية
## Arabic
### Noun

فَاعِلِيَّة • (fāʕiliyya) f
* (grammar) the state of being a فَاعِل (fāʕil, “subject, agent”)
    هَٰذَا ٱلِٱسْمُ مَرْفُوعٌ عَلَى الْفَاعِلِيَّةِhāḏā l-ismu marfūʕun ʕalā l-fāʕiliyyati(please add an English translation of this usage example)
# كب
## Arabic
### Verb

كَبَّ • (kabba) I (non-past يَكُبُّ (yakubbu), verbal noun كَبّ (kabb))
* to prostrate, to cause to go lie downwards, to spill
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 27:90:وَمَن جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَكُبَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ فِي النَّارِ هَلْ تُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَwaman jāʔa bi-s-sayyiʔati fakubbat wujūhuhum fī n-nāri hal tujzawna ʔillā mā kuntum taʕmalūna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to cover with a lid
** a. 957, آبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن محمد الفارسي الإصطخري, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, كتاب مسالك الممالك وهو معول على كتاب صور الأقاليم [kitāb masālik al-mamālik wa-huwa muʿawwal ʿalā kitāb ṣuwar al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 1)‎, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1870, page 293 line 7:

#### Conjugation
### Noun

كَبّ • (kabb) m
* verbal noun of كَبَّ (kabba) (form I)

#### Declension
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَبَّ (kabba).

### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /kəbb(ˤ)/

### Verb

كب • (kabb) (imperfect يكب (ykubb))
* to spill (a liquid)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَبَّ (kabba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kabb/, [kab]

### Verb

كب • (kabb) I (non-past يِكُب (yikubb))
* to spill
* to toss, to throw away

#### Conjugation
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَبَّ (kabba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kab/

### Verb

كب • (kabb) I (non-past يكب (ykubb))
* to pour out
    Synonym: صب (ṣabb)

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَبَّ (kabba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kabb/, [kab]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

كبّ • (kabb) I (present بكبّ (bikibb) or بكبّ (bikobb))
* (transitive) to spill, to pour out
    Synonym: صبّ (ṣabb)
    كبّ قهوة على الشرشف. ― kabb ʔahwe ʕala aš-šaršaf ― He spilled coffee on the tablecloth!
* to toss, to throw away
    هادا خربان. كبّه! ― hāda ḵarbān. kibbo! ― That's gone bad. Throw it out!

#### Usage notes

* The non-past forms of this verb are typically pronounced with the vowel “i” by Palestinians and “u” by Jordanians.

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Fridrik E. Tiedemann (2015) The 101 Most Used Verbs In Spoken Arabic: Jordan and Palestine, Amman: The Author, →ISBN, page 155
# عشار
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

عُشَار • (ʕušār) m
* alternative form of عُشَر (ʕušar, “Calotropis gen. et spp.”)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

عُشَارَ • (ʕušāra)
* ten at a time, in a group of ten, in tens

### Etymology 3

Occupational noun from the root ع ش ر (ʕ š r).

#### Noun

عَشَّار • (ʕaššār) m (plural عَشَّارُون (ʕaššārūn))
* tither, publican, who collects tithes or other levies
    مَثَلُ الْفَرِيسِيِّ وَالْعَشَّارِmaṯalu l-farīsiyyi wa-l-ʕaššāriThe parable of the Pharisee and the publican

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

From the root ع ش ر (ʕ š r). Pregnancy of the Arabian camel lasts 390 days, so after ten months a she-camel is called so.

#### Noun

عِشَار • (ʕišār) f pl (collective, singulative عُشَرَاء f (ʕušarāʔ))
* full-term she-camels
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 81:4:وَإِذَا ٱلْعِشَارُ عُطِّلَتْwa-ʔiḏā l-ʕišāru ʕuṭṭilatAnd when full-term she-camels are neglected.

##### Declension
### Etymology 5

From Persian آچار (âčâr).

#### Noun

عُشَّار • (ʕuššār) m
* (Yemen) pickles
** 2015 September 21, “ar: طريقة عمل العشار اليمني”, in Ṭarīqa‎:
# قسطنطيني
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of قُسْطَنْطِين (qusṭanṭīn, “Constantine”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Adjective

قُسْطَنْطِينِيّ • (qusṭanṭīniyy) (feminine قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (qusṭanṭīniyya), masculine plural قُسْطَنْطِينِيُّونَ (qusṭanṭīniyyūna), feminine plural قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّات (qusṭanṭīniyyāt))
* Constantinian
    اَلْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة ― al-qusṭanṭīniyya ― The City of Constantine, Constantinople
* Constantinopolitan
** 1273 – 1331, Abu al-Fida, Taqwim al-Buldan :الخليج القسطنطينيthe Bay of Constantinople