# 雅

| 雅 | U+96C5, &#38597; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C5 |
| ← 雄 [U+96C4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 集 → [U+96C6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

雅 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+4 in Chinese, 隹+5 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一竹人土 (MHOG), four-corner 7021$_4$, composition ⿰牙隹)

#### Derived characters

* 𠾒, 𡡳, 𪷐, 蕥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1365, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41973
* Dae Jaweon: page 1869, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4094, character 2
* Unihan data for U+96C5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 邪 | *ljaː, *laː |
| 衺 | *ljaː |
| 牙 | *ŋraː |
| 芽 | *ŋraː |
| 齖 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 呀 | *ŋraː, *hŋraː |
| 枒 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 雅 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 厊 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 庌 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 訝 | *ŋraːs |
| 迓 | *ŋraːs |
| 砑 | *ŋraːs |
| 犽 | *ŋraːs |
| 疨 | *hŋraː |
| 岈 | *hŋraː |
| 谺 | *hŋraː |
| 颬 | *hŋraː |
| 鴉 | *qraː |
| 釾 | *laː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraːʔ): semantic 隹 (“a short-tailed bird”) + phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː). It represents the meaning of "rook," a type of crow. By extension, it is used metaphorically to mean "elegant" or "refined."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 雅 – see 鴉 (“crow; raven”). (This character is a variant form of 鴉).

### Etymology 2

Schuessler (2007) leaves its etymology as unknown, yet mentions that it has been suggested to be related to 夏 (OC *ɡraːʔ) (e.g. by Wang Yinzhi apud Zhi, 2004), etc.), a proposal also supported by Baxter & Sagart (2014).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎ (ya$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngá
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngā
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngá / ngé / ngée
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngia$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ia
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎ
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^3$
*** Yale: yǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaa$^5$
*** Yale: ngáh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nga$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngá
*** Hakka Romanization System: nga$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nga$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋa³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngā
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋa³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngá
*** Tâi-lô: ngá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ŋã⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngé
*** Tâi-lô: ngé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngea
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋẽ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋẽ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngée
*** Tâi-lô: ngée
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɛ̃⁵³/
* Taiwan:
** ngá - literary;
** ngé - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: ngaeX
Rime :
| Character | 雅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五下切 |
| Baxter | ngaeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠa$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋa$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋa$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋa$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngaa$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ɢˤraʔ/, /*[N-ɢ]ˤraʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 雅 | 雅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎ | yǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngæ$^X$ › | ‹ ngæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-ɢˁraʔ/ | /*[N-ɢ]ˁraʔ/ |
| English | proper, refined | kind of musical instrument |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 雅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14182 |
| Phonetic component | 牙 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 雅 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋraːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

雅
* (literary) standard; proper; correct
* elegant; graceful; refined
* (polite) your; your esteemed; your gracious
* (literary) friendship; companionship
* (literary) usually; often
* (literary) very much; extremely
* a section in the Classic of Poetry consisting of dynastic hymns
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) standard language (usually used in titles of ancient Chinese dictionaries such as the Erya)
* (Teochew) pretty; beautiful
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (pretty):
* 俊 (jùn)
* 俊俏 (jùnqiào) (attractive and smart)
* 俊秀 (jùnxiù)
* 俊美 (jùnměi) (of a young male)
* 俏麗 / 俏丽 (qiàolì) (usually of a female)
* 奇麗 / 奇丽 (qílì) (singularly beautiful)
* 好看 (hǎokàn)
* 妖嬌 / 妖娇 (“iau-kiau”) (Hokkien)
* 妍美 (yánměi) (literary)
* 姣美 (jiāoměi) (formal, of a face or posture)
* 嬌豔 / 娇艳 (jiāoyàn) (delicate and charming)
* 嬌逸 / 娇逸 (jiāoyì) (literary, of a young male)
* 悅目 / 悦目 (yuèmù)
* 是樣 / 是样 (shìyàng) (colloquial)
* 標緻 / 标致 (biāozhì) (usually of a woman)
* 清秀 (qīngxiù)
* 漂亮
* 秀媚 (xiùmèi)
* 秀美 (xiùměi)
* 秀麗 / 秀丽 (xiùlì)
* 綺麗 / 绮丽 (qǐlì)
* 繁華 / 繁华 (fánhuá) (literary)
* 美觀 / 美观 (měiguān)
* 美麗 / 美丽 (měilì)
* 耐看 (nàikàn)
* 花花 (huāhuā) (literary)
* 豔麗 / 艳丽 (yànlì)
* 邊式 / 边式 (biānshi) (regional, of dress, physique, etc.)
* 體面 / 体面 (tǐmiàn)
* 鮮亮 / 鲜亮 (xiānliàng) (dialectal)
* 鮮麗 / 鲜丽 (xiānlì)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 漂亮, 好看, 美, 美麗, 美觀, 佳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 好看, 漂亮, 俊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 好看, 漂亮, 俊, 美 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 美麗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 好看 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 俊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 好看 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 好看, 漂亮, 俊, 俊巴, 美 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 俊 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 漂亮, 俊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 好看, 漂亮, 美, 標緻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 好看 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 漂亮, 標緻, 好看, 齊整 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 嫽, 排場, 心疼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 好看, 標緻, 俊, 秀溜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 俊, 冠冕, 辦事 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 俊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 美, 俊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 翠活 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 好看, 漂亮, 乖, 抻抖, 抻展 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 乖, 抻抖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 體面, 寧馨, 標, 媌, 刮氣, 美 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 抻透, 抻展, 好看, 漂亮, 秀氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 漂亮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 靚$_2$, 㜺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 不醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 不醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 美, 漂亮, 好看, 格式, 排場 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 靚$_2$, 好睇, 好樣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 靚$_2$, 好睇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Macau | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 靚$_2$, 好樣 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好看, 好樣, 靚$_2$, 整齊 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Gan | Nanchang | 客氣, 好看, 漂亮, 齊整 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 好看 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 好看, 客氣, 漂亮, 標緻, 標 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好看, 靚$_2$, 靚$_3$, 僐, 勁, 趣, 端, 標緻, 儒雅 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 俏, 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 排場 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Changting | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Wuping | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Yudu | 標緻, 齊整 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 像, 標緻, 好看 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 靚$_2$, 整, 標緻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鬧, 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 靚$_3$ |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 好看, 標緻, 漂亮 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 好看, 襲人, 客戲, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 爽整, 襲人, 緻氣 |
| Jin | Linhe | 美, 襲人, 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Jining | 好看, 襲人 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 好看, 襲人, 俊, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 俊 |
| Jin | Handan | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 俊俏, 俊 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 好覷, 雅式, 生得好 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 俊, 生得好, 卓佳, 好看, 漂亮 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 俊 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 媠, 好看, 㜅 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 媠, 俏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 媠, 媠靡, 㜅, 好看 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 媠, 㜅 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 媠, 好看 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 媠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 媠, 俏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 媠, 好看, 㜅 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 雅, 好睇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 雅, 媠, 好睇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 雅, 媠 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 雅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 雅, 媠, 如雅 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 雅, 生好, 好睇 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 媠, 生好 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 媠, 生好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 雅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 雅 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 清楚 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 靚$_4$, 好望 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 靚$_4$, 靚$_2$, 靚仔, 雅目, 都緻 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 靚$_4$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 靚$_4$ |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 靚$_2$, 好覷 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 㜺, 靚$_2$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 漂亮, 好看, 好看相, 標緻 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 畢㜺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 出客 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 出客 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 靈 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 靈 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 標緻, 樣式, 登樣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 好看, 標緻, 登樣, 漂亮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 好看, 漂亮, 㜅, 㜅門, 㜅頭, 出格, 架勢, 細巧, 細相, 登樣 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 好覷, 生好, 骨切 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 好望, 俏, 漂亮 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 好看, 漂亮, 腆靦, 乖 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 漂亮 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 好看, 漂亮 |

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 雅(が) (ga)
* → Korean: 아(雅) (a)
* → Vietnamese: nhã (雅)

#### Compounds

* 一日之雅
* 一面之雅
* 不雅 (bùyǎ)
* 不雅觀 / 不雅观
* 二雅
* 俊雅
* 儒雅 (rúyǎ)
* 優雅 / 优雅 (yōuyǎ)
* 克里雅 (Kèlǐyǎ)
* 典雅 (diǎnyǎ)
* 典雅堂皇
* 利雅德 (Lìyǎdé)
* 南雅 (Nányǎ)
* 博雅 (bóyǎ)
* 古雅 (gǔyǎ)
* 埤雅
* 大雅 (dàyǎ)
* 大雅可觀 / 大雅可观
* 大雅君子
* 嫻雅 / 娴雅 (xiányǎ)
* 季雅買鄰 / 季雅买邻
* 安雅
* 小雅 (Xiǎoyǎ)
* 尼雅 (Níyǎ)
* 幽雅 (yōuyǎ)
* 廣雅 / 广雅
* 廣雅疏證 / 广雅疏证
* 手足之雅
* 撒奇萊雅族 / 撒奇莱雅族 (sāqíláiyǎzú)
* 文人雅士
* 文雅 (wényǎ)
* 明媚閑雅 / 明媚闲雅
* 曲終奏雅 / 曲终奏雅
* 正聲雅音 / 正声雅音
* 沙雅 (Shāyǎ)
* 泰雅族 (tàiyǎzú)
* 清雅 (qīngyǎ)
* 淡雅 (dànyǎ)
* 淹雅
* 清雅絕塵 / 清雅绝尘
* 溫文儒雅 / 温文儒雅
* 溫文爾雅 / 温文尔雅 (wēnwén'ěryǎ)
* 溫雅 / 温雅 (wēnyǎ)
* 無傷大雅 / 无伤大雅 (wúshāngdàyǎ)
* 爾雅 / 尔雅 (Ěryǎ)
* 爾雅溫文 / 尔雅温文
* 爾雅翼 / 尔雅翼
* 珞珈雅苑 (Luòjiāyǎyuàn)
* 秀雅
* 端雅
* 素雅 (sùyǎ)
* 美蒂雅
* 翩然俊雅
* 舉止嫻雅 / 举止娴雅
* 舉止高雅 / 举止高雅
* 若克雅 (Ruòkèyǎ)
* 苓雅 (Língyǎ)
* 西雅圖 / 西雅图 (Xīyǎtú)
* 詳雅 / 详雅
* 諴雅 / 𫍯雅
* 變雅 / 变雅
* 變風變雅 / 变风变雅
* 赤雅
* 通雅
* 逸雅
* 達里雅布依 (Dálǐyǎ Bùyī)
* 都雅
* 量雅
* 閑雅 / 闲雅
* 阿合雅 (Āhéyǎ)
* 附庸風雅 / 附庸风雅 (fùyōng fēngyǎ)
* 雅丹 (yǎdān)
* 雅人
* 雅人深致
* 雅俗
* 雅俗共賞 / 雅俗共赏 (yǎsúgòngshǎng)
* 雅俗稽言
* 雅健
* 雅典 (Yǎdiǎn)
* 雅典主義 / 雅典主义 (Yǎdiǎnzhǔyì)
* 雅典娜 (Yǎdiǎnnà)
* 雅利安 (yǎlì'ān)
* 雅加達 / 雅加达 (Yǎjiādá)
* 雅囑 / 雅嘱
* 雅士 (yǎshì)
* 雅安 (Yǎ'ān)
* 雅客
* 雅座 (yǎzuò)
* 雅座兒 / 雅座儿
* 雅庫次克 / 雅库次克
* 雅意 (yǎyì)
* 雅愛 / 雅爱
* 雅懷 / 雅怀
* 雅房 (yǎfáng)
* 雅故
* 雅會 / 雅会
* 雅望
* 雅樂 / 雅乐 (yǎyuè)
* 雅歌 (yǎgē)
* 雅正 (yǎzhèng)
* 雅步
* 雅淡
* 雅游
* 雅潔 / 雅洁
* 雅片 (yāpiàn)
* 雅片鬼
* 雅玩
* 雅瓦 (Yǎwǎ)
* 雅痞 (yǎpǐ)
* 雅範 / 雅范
* 雅素
* 雅緻 / 雅致 (yǎzhì)
* 雅美族 (yǎměizú)
* 雅致 (yǎzhì)
* 雅興 / 雅兴 (yǎxìng)
* 雅號 / 雅号 (yǎhào)
* 雅觀 / 雅观 (yǎguān)
* 雅言 (yǎyán)
* 雅詞 / 雅词
* 雅誨 / 雅诲
* 雅謔 / 雅谑
* 雅賊 / 雅贼
* 雅趣 (yǎqù)
* 雅道
* 雅部
* 雅鄭 / 雅郑
* 雅重
* 雅量 (yǎliàng)
* 雅集 (yǎjí)
* 雅靜 / 雅静
* 雅音
* 雅韻 / 雅韵
* 雅頌 / 雅颂
* 雅馴 / 雅驯
* 雅麗 / 雅丽
* 雍容文雅
* 雍容爾雅
* 雍容閒雅
* 雍容雅步
* 風流儒雅 / 风流儒雅
* 風流爾雅 / 风流尔雅
* 風神秀雅 / 风神秀雅
* 風雅 / 风雅 (fēngyǎ)
* 馬雅人 / 马雅人
* 馬雅文字 / 马雅文字
* 馬雅文明 / 马雅文明
* 高談雅步 / 高谈雅步
* 高貴優雅 / 高贵优雅
* 高雅 (gāoyǎ)
* 魚魚雅雅 / 鱼鱼雅雅

### References

* “雅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Duffus, William (1883) “beautiful”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 19
* Zhi, C. (2004). "From Exclusive Xia to Inclusive Zhu-Xia: The Conceptualisation of Chinese Identity" in Early China. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 14(3), 185–205. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25188470

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 雅 |
| Kyūjitai | 雅󠄂 雅+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 雅󠄄 雅+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* gracious
* elegant
* graceful
* refined

#### Readings

* Go-on: が (ga, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: が (ga, Jōyō)
* Kun: みやぶ (miyabu, 雅ぶ)、みやびる (miyabiru, 雅びる)、みやび (miyabi, 雅)、みやびやか (miyabiyaka, 雅やか)、つね (tsune, 雅)
* Nanori: う (u)、お (o)、か (ka)、ただし (tadashi)、のり (nori)、まさ (masa)、まさし (masashi)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 雅歌(がか) (gaka, “elegant song”), 雅歌(がか) (Gaka, “Song of Songs”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 雅
* が Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 雅 (ngæ$^X$, “elegant”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) が [gáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɡa̠]

#### Adjective

雅(が) • (ga) -na (adnominal 雅(が)な (ga na), adverbial 雅(が)に (ga ni))
* elegant

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 雅だろ | がだろ | ga daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 雅で | がで | ga de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 雅だ | がだ | ga da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 雅な | がな | ga na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 雅なら | がなら | ga nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 雅であれ | がであれ | ga de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 雅ではない 雅じゃない | がではない がじゃない | ga de wa nai ga ja nai |
| Informal past | 雅だった | がだった | ga datta |
| Informal negative past | 雅ではなかった 雅じゃなかった | がではなかった がじゃなかった | ga de wa nakatta ga ja nakatta |
| Formal | 雅です | がです | ga desu |
| Formal negative | 雅ではありません 雅じゃありません | がではありません がじゃありません | ga de wa arimasen ga ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 雅でした | がでした | ga deshita |
| Formal negative past | 雅ではありませんでした 雅じゃありませんでした | がではありませんでした がじゃありませんでした | ga de wa arimasen deshita ga ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 雅で | がで | ga de |
| Conditional | 雅なら（ば） | がなら（ば） | ga nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 雅だったら | がだったら | ga dattara |
| Volitional | 雅だろう | がだろう | ga darō |
| Adverbial | 雅に | がに | ga ni |
| Degree | 雅さ | がさ | gasa |

#### Noun

雅(が) • (ga)
* elegance

##### Antonyms

* 俗(ぞく) (zoku)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 雅
* みやび Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 雅 – see the following entry. :
| 【みやび】 | [adjective] [from 720] courtly, elegant, refined, high-quality [noun] [from 720] courtliness, elegance, refinement, high quality |
(This term, 雅, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “雅”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

雅 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
* elegant, neat, tidy

#### Compounds

* 아가 (雅歌, aga, “elegant song”), 아가 (雅歌, Aga, “Song of Songs”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

雅: Hán Nôm readings: nhã
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.