# אב
## Aramaic
### Etymology

From Akkadian 𒌚𒉈 (Abum).

### Noun

אַב • (ʾaḇ) m
* absolute form of אַבָּא (ʾabbā)

### Proper noun

אָב • (ʾāv) m
* August
* Av

#### Descendants

* Classical Syriac: ܐܒ (ʾāv)
** Arabic: آب (ʔāb)
* Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܒ (āb)
* Turoyo: ܐܳܒ (ob)

### References

* “ˀb$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1

## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-. Doublet of אַבָּא (ába), which was borrowed from Aramaic. Cognate with Arabic أب.

#### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /ʔaːb/, [ʔaːβ]
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔɔːv/ [ˈʔɔːv]
* (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔɔv/ [ˈʔɔːv]
* (Iraqi Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔab/
* (Syrian Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔab/
* (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔab/
* (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA: /ˈ(ʔ)ɔv/
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ˈ(ʔ)av/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

אָב • (áv) m (plural indefinite אָבוֹת, singular construct אֲבִי־, feminine counterpart אֵם)
* father (a male parent, especially of a human; a male who parents a child (which he has sired, adopted, fostered, taken as his own, etc.))
** 2016, March 31, nrg
    יו"ר מרצ גלאון אמרה בעקבות שיחתו של נתניהו עם אבי החייל היורה מחברון: […]Yo"R [yoshévet rósh] mérets gal'ón am'rá b'ik'vót sikható shel n'tanyáhu im aví hakhayál hayoré mekhevrón: […] Chairman of Meretz Gal-On said, following Netanyahu's conversation with the father of the shooting soldier from Hebron: […]
* ancestor, forefather
* progenitor
* originator
* prototype

##### Usage notes

* In Modern Hebrew, the singular construct form אַב is also used.

##### Declension

| Number | Isolated forms | Isolated forms | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns |
| Number | State | Form | Person | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Number | State | Form | Person | m. | f. | m. | f. |
| singular | indefinite | אָב | first | אָבִי | אָבִי | אָבִינוּ | אָבִינוּ |
| singular | definite | הָאָב | second | אָבִיךָ | אָבִיךְ | אֲבִיכֶם | אֲבִיכֶן |
| singular | construct | אֲבִי־ | third | אָבִיו | אָבִיהָ | אֲבִיהֶם | אֲבִיהֶן |
| plural | indefinite | אָבוֹת | first | אבותיי / אֲבוֹתַי | אבותיי / אֲבוֹתַי | אֲבוֹתֵינוּ | אֲבוֹתֵינוּ |
| plural | definite | הָאָבוֹת | second | אֲבוֹתֶיךָ | אבותייך / אֲבוֹתַיִךְ | אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם | אֲבוֹתֵיכֶן |
| plural | construct | אֲבוֹת־ | third | אֲבוֹתָיו | אֲבוֹתֶיהָ | אֲבוֹתָם | אֲבוֹתָן |

##### Derived terms

* אַבָּא (ába)
* אַבָּהוּת (abahút)
* אֲבָהִי (avahí)
* אבות אכלו בוסר ושיני בנים תקהינה / אָבוֹת אָכְלוּ בֹּסֶר וְשִׁנֵּי בָּנִים תִּקְהֶינָה (avót akh'lú bóser v'shiné baním tikhéna)
* אַב טִיפּוּס (av tipús)
* אֲבִיגַיִל (avigáyil)
* אֲבִי הָעוֹרְקִים (aví ha'orkím)
* אֲבִיעֶזֶר (avi'ézer)
* אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (avishalóm)
* אַבְנֵר (avnér)
* אַבְרָהָם (avrahám)
* אַבְרָם (avrám)
* תׇּכְנִית אָב (tokhnít áv)

#### Noun

אַב • (av)
* singular construct state form of אָב (av)‎.

### Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒌚𒉈 (Abum).

#### Proper noun

אָב • (áv) m
* (Judaism) Av (the eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tammuz and before Elul)
** a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Ta'anit 4:6:חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים אֵרְעוּ אֶת אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּתַמּוּז וַחֲמִשָּׁה בְּתִשְׁעָה בְאָב.Ḥamishá d'varím er'ú et avoténu b-shiv'a asár b-Tammúz, va-ḥamishá b-tish'á b-Av.Five things befell our ancestors on the seventeenth of Tammuz, and five things on the ninth of Av.
** a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Ta'anit 29a:אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר שִׁילַת מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּשֶּׁנִּכְנַס אָב מְמַעֲטִין בְּשִׂמְחָה — כָּךְ מִשֶּׁנִּכְנַס אֲדָר מַרְבִּין בְּשִׂמְחָה.amár rav y'hudá b'reh d'rav shmu'él bar shilát mi-shmeh d'rav: k-shem she-mi-she-nikhnás av m'ma'tín b-simkhá — kakh mi-she-nikhnás adár marbín b-simkhá.Said R. Judah son of Rav Shmuel son of Sheilath, in the name of Rav: just as when Av comes one decreases rejoicing, so too when Adar comes one increases rejoicing.

##### Derived terms

* תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב (tish'a b'áv)

##### Descendants

* English: Av, Ab
* German: Aw

##### See also

* תשרי
* חשוון
* כסלו
* טבת
* שבט
* אדר
* ניסן
* אייר
* סיוון
* תמוז
* אב
* אלול

#### Further reading

* אב on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

### Etymology 3

Related to Akkadian 𒄧 (inbum), Arabic أَبّ (ʔabb, “meadow”), Aramaic אִנְבָּא.

#### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /ʔib/
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔeːv/, [ˈʔeː.ev]
* (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔev/, [ˈʔeːv]
* (Iraqi Hebrew) IPA: /ʔeb/
* (Syrian Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)eb/
* (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)ejv/
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)ev/

#### Noun

אֵב • (év) m (plural indefinite איבים / אִבִּים) [pattern: קֵטֶל]
* swelling, spreading.
* the young shoots of a tree, opposed to the branches growing directly from the trunk.
** Tanach, Song of Songs 6:11, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:אֶל־גִּנַּת אֱגוֹז יָרַדְתִּי לִרְאוֹת בְּאִבֵּי הַנָּחַלel-ginát egóz yarádti lir'ot b'ibé hanákhalI went down into the garden of nuts, to look at the green plants of the valley
* (in the plural) state of growth, development

##### Derived terms

* אֲבָבִית (avavít)

### Anagrams

* בא