# aspal
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈaspal/ [ˈas.pal]
* Rhymes: -aspal
* Syllabification: as‧pal

### Etymology 1

From Dutch asfalt (“asphalt”). Doublet of asfal.

#### Noun

aspal (plural aspal-aspal)
* asphalt

##### Alternative forms

* asfalt (Standard Malay)

##### Derived terms

* aspalan
* beraspal
* diaspal
* mengaspal
* pengaspal
* pengaspalan
* teraspal
* aspal alam
* aspal buton
* aspal cair
* aspal curah
* aspal drum
* aspal emulsi
* aspal emulsi anionik
* aspal emulsi kationik
* aspal jalan
* aspal keras
* aspal plastik
* aspal polimer
* aspal porus
* aspal termodifikasi polimer

### Etymology 2

Blend of asli +‎ palsu, from phrase asli tapi palsu (“fake for real”, literally “real but fake”).

#### Noun

aspal (uncountable)
* imitation thing that looks exactly like the real thing.

### Further reading

* “aspal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* abstal, apstal, easpal
* absdal, abstol, apsdal, apsdol, apstol, asbal (obsolete)
* asbol, aspol, easbal (superseded)

### Etymology

From Old Irish apstal, from Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑsˠpˠəlˠ/, /ˈɑsˠpˠəl̪ˠ/, /ˈasˠpˠəlˠ/, /ˈasˠpˠəl̪ˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈɑpˠsˠt̪ˠəl/ (corresponding to the forms abstal, apstal)

### Noun

aspal m (genitive singular aspail, nominative plural aspail)
* apostle

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aspal
aspail
vocative
a aspail
a aspala
genitive
aspail
aspal
dative
aspal
aspail
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-aspal
na haspail
genitive
an aspail
na n-aspal
dative
leis an aspal don aspal
leis na haspail :

#### Derived terms

* aspalach (“apostolic, apostolical”, adjective)
* aspalacht f (“apostleship; apostolate”)
* aspalda (“apostolic, apostolical”, adjective)
* Cré na nAspal (“the Apostles’ Creed”)
* Gníomhartha na nAspal (“Acts of the Apostles”)
* liachtain aspal f (“epistle reading”)
* spúnóg aspail f (“apostle spoon”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “apstal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Hughes, A. J. (1986) The Gaelic of Tangaveane and Commeen, County Donegal (texts, phonology, aspects of grammar and a vocabulary) (doctoral thesis), Faculty of Arts, Queen’s University of Belfast, page 412
* ↑ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968) The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 69, page 18; reprinted 1988
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 361, page 123
* ↑ Lucas, Leslie W. (1979) Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, page 233
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 9

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aspal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “apstal”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “aspal”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “aspal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025