# قرب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

* From the root ق ر ب (q r b), with the form I being reconstructed securely as Proto-Semitic *ḳarib-, likewise the form II as Proto-Semitic *ḳarrib-.
* While the Biblical Hebrew קָרַב (qāráḇ, “to approach”) governs prepositions of approach like אֶל (el), לְ (lə), עַל (ʿal), the Arabic قَرُبَ (qaruba) has obtained the opposited preposition مِن (min) by analogy of بَعُدَ (baʕuda, “to be far”); compare the same with دَنَا (danā, “to come near”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.ru.ba/

#### Verb

قَرُبَ • (qaruba) I (non-past يَقْرُبُ (yaqrubu), verbal noun قُرْب (qurb) or مَقْرَبَة (maqraba) or قَرَابَة (qarāba) or مَقْرُبَة (maqruba))
* to be near, to come near, to approach [with مِن (min) or إِلَى (ʔilā)]

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

قَرُبَ • (qaruba) I (non-past يَقْرُبُ (yaqrubu), verbal noun قَرَابَة (qarāba) or قُرْبَة (qurba) or قُرْبَى (qurbā) or مَقْرَبَة (maqraba))
* to be related, to be of close relations, to be kindred (especially on the maternal side)
* to have relation to something, to be associated
* to be engaged with, to be or become involved with

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.ri.ba/

#### Verb

قَرِبَ • (qariba) I (non-past يَقْرَبُ (yaqrabu), verbal noun قِرْبَان (qirbān) or قُرْبَان (qurbān))
* (transitive) to be near, to come near, to approach [with accusative]
    لَا تَقْرَبِ الْأَسَدَ فَيَأْكُلَكَ.lā taqrabi al-ʔasada fayaʔkulaka.Do not approach the lion lest he eat you.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:35:وَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ ٱسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَٰذِهِ ٱلشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلظَّالِمِينwaqulnā yā ʔādamu skun ʔanta wazawjuka l-jannata wakulā minhā raḡadan ḥayṯu šiʔtumā walā taqrabā hāḏihi š-šajarata fatakūnā mina ẓ-ẓālimīn(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (transitive, euphemistic) to copulate with
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:222:وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَwalā taqrabūhunna ḥattā yaṭhurna(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qar.ra.ba/

#### Verb

قَرَّبَ • (qarraba) II (non-past يُقَرِّبُ (yuqarribu), verbal noun تَقْرِيب (taqrīb))
* to cause or allow to be near
* to make or let approach

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qurb/

#### Noun

قُرْب • (qurb) m
* verbal noun of قَرُبَ (qaruba) (form I)
* nearness, presence
    عِنْدَمَا كَانَ جَالِسًا بِالْقُرْبِ مِنْ زَوْجَتِهِ... صَرَخَتْ فِي وَجْهِهِ قَائِلَةً: ”اِبْتَعِدْ عَنِّي!“ʕindamā kāna jālisan bi-l-qurbi min zawjatihi... ṣaraḵat fī wajhihi qāʔilatan: ”ibtaʕid ʕannī!“When he was sitting next to his wife... she yelled into his face, saying: “Go away from me!”
** 2004, Nancy Ajram, “Ana Leih”, in Ah W Noss:أنا ليه بحب حبك قوي كده ليه وأموت في قربك أنا كده ليهʾana leih bi-ḥubbi ḥubbak qawī kida leih wa-'mūtu fī qorbak ʾana kida leih

##### Descendants

* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਰਬ (kurab)
    Shahmukhi script: قرب (qurb)

### Etymology 1.5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qur.ba/

#### Preposition

قُرْبَ • (qurba)
* near, in the vicinity of
    قُرْبَ ٱلظُّهْر ― qurba ẓ-ẓuhr ― towards noon

### References

* ↑ Barth, Jakob (1906) “Formangleichung bei begrifflichen Korrespondenzen”, in Orientalische Studien. Theodor Nöldeke zum siebzigsten Geburtstag (2. März 1906), gewidmet von Freunden und Schülern und in ihrem Auftrag herausgegeben von Carl Bezold (in German), Gießen: Alfred Töpelmann, page 795

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَرَّبَ (qarraba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡar.rab/

#### Verb

قَرَّب • (garrab) II (non-past يِقَرِّب (yigarrib))
* to be near, to come near, to approach
* to cause or allow to be near
* to make or let approach

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic قُرْب (qurb).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡurb/, [ɡʊrb]

#### Noun

قرب • (gurb) m
* nearness, closeness, presence

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡar.rib/

#### Verb

قرب • (garrib)
* second-person masculine singular imperative of قَرَّب (garrab)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَرَّبَ (qarraba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔar.rab/, [ˈʔar.rab]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡar.rab/, [ˈɡar.rab]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

قرّب • (ʔarrab) II (present بقرّب (biʔarreb))
* to make close, to bring close