# 尊ぶ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 尊
* とうと Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 貴ぶ 宗ぶ

### Etymology

尊 (tōto, tatto, stem of 尊い (tōtoi, tattoi, “noble, exalted, sacred”)) +‎ ぶ (-bu, “to act like”)
The ぶ (-bu) suffix usually conjugated with the upper bigrade pattern (上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō)), and 尊ぶ conjugated this way in Old Japanese. Since the Heian period, 尊ぶ shifted to conjugate using the classical yodan pattern, the precursor to the modern godan conjugation (五段活用 (godan katsuyō)).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーとぶ [tòótóꜜbù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [to̞ːto̞bɯ̟]
* (Tokyo) たっとぶ [tàttóꜜbù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ta̠t̚to̞bɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「尊ぶ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 尊ぶ | とーとぶ | [tòótóꜜbù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 尊べ | とーとべ | [tòótóꜜbè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 尊ばれる | とーとばれる | [tòótóbáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 尊ばせる | とーとばせる | [tòótóbáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 尊べる | とーとべる | [tòótóbéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 尊ぼう | とーとぼー | [tòótóbóꜜò] |
| Negative | 尊ばない | とーとばない | [tòótóbáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 尊ばなかった | とーとばなかった | [tòótóbáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 尊びます | とーとびます | [tòótóbímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 尊んだ | とーとんだ | [tòótóꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 尊んで | とーとんで | [tòótóꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尊べば | とーとべば | [tòótóꜜbèbà] |

### Verb

尊(とうと)ぶ or 尊(たっと)ぶ • (tōtobu or tattobu) transitive godan (stem 尊(とうと)び (tōtobi), past 尊(とうと)んだ (tōtonda))
* to respect, to value, to look up to

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 尊ば | とうとば | tōtoba |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 尊び | とうとび | tōtobi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 尊ぶ | とうとぶ | tōtobu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 尊ぶ | とうとぶ | tōtobu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 尊べ | とうとべ | tōtobe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 尊べ | とうとべ | tōtobe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 尊ばれる | とうとばれる | tōtobareru |
| Causative | 尊ばせる 尊ばす | とうとばせる とうとばす | tōtobaseru tōtobasu |
| Potential | 尊べる | とうとべる | tōtoberu |
| Volitional | 尊ぼう | とうとぼう | tōtobō |
| Negative | 尊ばない | とうとばない | tōtobanai |
| Negative continuative | 尊ばず | とうとばず | tōtobazu |
| Formal | 尊びます | とうとびます | tōtobimasu |
| Perfective | 尊んだ | とうとんだ | tōtonda |
| Conjunctive | 尊んで | とうとんで | tōtonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尊べば | とうとべば | tōtobeba |

#### Synonyms

* 重(おも)んじる (omonjiru)
* 見上(みあ)げる (miageru)

#### Antonyms

* 卑(いや)しめる (iyashimeru, “to despise”)
* 蔑(さげす)む (sagesumu, “to despise”)
* 軽(かろ)んじる (karonjiru, “to despise”)
* 見下(みくだ)す (mikudasu, “to look down on”)

#### Related terms

* 尊(とうと)い (tōtoi), 尊(たっと)い (tattoi)
* 崇(あが)める (agameru, “to revere”)
* 敬(うやま)う (uyamau, “to revere”)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN