# قتل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

From Proto-West Semitic *ḳatal-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew קָטַל (qɔṭal).

#### Pronunciation

* قَتَلَ (active): IPA: /qa.ta.la/
* قُتِلَ (passive): IPA: /qu.ti.la/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

قَتَلَ • (qatala) I (non-past يَقْتُلُ (yaqtulu), verbal noun قَتْل (qatl) or مَقْتَل (maqtal))
* to kill, to slay, to murder
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:32:مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا […]min ʔajli ḏālika katabnā ʕalā banī ʔisrāʔīla ʔannahu man qatala nafsan biḡayri nafsin ʔaw fasādin fī l-ʔarḍi fakaʔannamā qatala an-nāsa jamīʕan waman ʔaḥyāhā fakaʔannamā ʔaḥyā n-nāsa jamīʕan […]That is why We decreed for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul, without [its being guilty of] manslaughter or corruption on the earth, is as though he had killed all mankind, and whoever saves a life is as though he had saved all mankind.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:31:وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ۖ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًاwalā taqtulū ʔawlādakum ḵašyata ʔimlāqin naḥnu narzuquhum waʔiyyākum ʔinna qatlahum kāna ḵiṭʔan kabīranAnd do not kill your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and for you. Indeed, their killing is ever a great sin.
* to mitigate, to alleviate
* to mix, to dilute
* to know, to master

##### Descendants

* Maltese: qatel

#### Verb

قُتِلَ • (qutila) I (passive-only, non-past يُقْتَلُ (yuqtalu), verbal noun قَتْل (qatl) or مَقْتَل (maqtal))
* to be killed
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:144:أَفَإِن مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ ٱنْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْʔafaʔin māta ʔaw qutila nqalabtum ʕalā ʔaʕqābikum(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:158:وَلَئِنْ مُتُّمْ أَوْ قُتِلْتُمْ لَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُحْشَرُونَwalaʔin muttum ʔaw qutiltum laʔilā l-lahi tuḥšarūna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to be cursed
** Quran, Al-Buruj 4
    قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الْأُخْدُودِqutila ʔaṣḥābu l-ʔuḵdūdiCursed were the companions of the trench

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qat.ta.la/

#### Verb

قَتَّلَ • (qattala) II (non-past يُقَتِّلُ (yuqattilu), verbal noun تَقْتِيل (taqtīl))
* to kill, to massacre, to cause carnage
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:141:وَإِذْ أَنْجَيْنَاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ ۖ يُقَتِّلُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌwaʔiḏ ʔanjaynākum min ʔāli firʕawna yasūmūnakum sūʔa l-ʕaḏāba yuqattilūna ʔabnāʔakum wayastaḥyūna nisāʔakum wafī ḏālikum balāʔun min rabbikum ʕaẓīmun(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qatl/

#### Noun

قَتْل • (qatl) m
* verbal noun of قَتَلَ (qatala) (form I)
* verbal noun of قُتِلَ (qutila) (form I)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 33:16:قُلْ لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ ٱلْفِرَارُ إِن فَرَرْتُم مِنَ ٱلْمَوْتِ أَوِ ٱلْقَتْلِ وَإِذًا لَا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًاqul lan yanfaʕakumu l-firāru ʔin farartum mina l-mawti ʔawi l-qatli waʔiḏan lā tumattaʕūna ʔillā qalīlan(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* killing, manslaughter, homicide, murder
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:31:وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ۖ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًاwalā taqtulū ʔawlādakum ḵašyata ʔimlāqin naḥnu narzuquhum waʔiyyākum ʔinna qatlahum kāna ḵiṭʔan kabīran(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qətl
* → Bengali: কতল (qôtôl)
* → Hindi: क़त्ल (qatl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قتل (katl)
* → Persian: قتل (qatl)
* → Urdu: قتل (qatl)

### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qitl/

#### Noun

قِتْل • (qitl) m (plural أَقْتَال (ʔaqtāl))
* enemy, adversary, foe, opponent

##### Declension
## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَتَلَ (qatala).

### Verb

قتل • (ʔatal) I (non-past يقتل (yiʔtil), verbal noun قتل (ʔatl))
* (transitive) to kill
* (intransitive) to commit murder

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

### References

* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) “ق ت ل”, in A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 685

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَتَلَ (qatala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.tal/

#### Verb

قتل • (gatal) I (non-past يِقْتُل (yigtul))
* to kill, to murder

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَتَّلَ (qattala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡat.tal/

#### Verb

قتل • (gattal) II (non-past يِقَتِّل (yigattil))
* to kill, to massacre

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic قَتْل (qatl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.til/

#### Noun

قتل • (gatil) m (construct state قَتْل (gatl))
* killing, manslaughter, homicide, murder

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic قَتْل (qatl).

### Noun

قتل • (katl)
* killing
* murder
* slaughter

#### Related terms

* قاتل (katil)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَتْل (qatl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qatl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qät̪l]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qät̪l]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qät̪l]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qät̪l̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæt̪l̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qät̪l]

### Noun

قتل • (qatl)
* murder; (loosely) killing
    به قتل رسیدن ― be qatl residan ― to be murdered

#### Related terms

* قاتل (qâtel)
* قتل عام (qatl-e âm)

#### Descendants

* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਕਤਲ (katal)
    Shahmukhi script: قتل (qatal)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَتَلَ (qatala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔa.tal/, [ˈʔa.tal]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡa.tal/, [ˈɡa.tal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

قتل • (ʔatal) I (present بقتل (boʔtol))
* to kill, to murder
* to beat
    Synonym: دبح (dabaḥ)

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَتْل (qatl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /qət̪l/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ət̪l

### Noun

قتل • (qatl) m (Hindi spelling क़त्ल)
* killing
* slaughter
* murder
* massacre

#### Related terms

* قاتل (qātil)