# 教化
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàohuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^3$ faa$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàu-hòa
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàohuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàohuà
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: jyàu-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiawhuah
*** Palladius: цзяохуа (czjaoxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: gaau fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^3$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯³³ faː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu-hòa
*** Tâi-lô: kàu-huà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kao'hoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kaewH xwaeH
Rime :
| Character | 教 | 化 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 古孝切 | 呼霸切 |
| Baxter | kaewH | xwaeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠau$^H$/ | /hˠua$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚau$^H$/ | /hʷᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kau$^H$/ | /xua$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨw$^H$/ | /hwaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kau$^H$/ | /xua$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kau$^H$/ | /xwa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kau$^H$/ | /xwa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiào | huà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaau$^3$ | faa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.kˤraw-s qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːws hŋʷraːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 教 | 化 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiào | huà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæw$^H$ › | ‹ xwæ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.kˁraw-s/ | /*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/ |
| English | teaching; instruction | transform |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 教 | 化 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14643 | 5327 |
| Phonetic component | 爻 | 化 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敎 | 化 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraːws/ | /*hŋʷraːls/ |

#### Verb

教化
* to educate; to teach good manners; to civilize; to enlighten by education; to shape the mind through education

##### Synonyms

* (figurative) 陶冶 (táoyě)

#### Noun

教化
* enlightenment; civilisation; education

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 教(きょう)化(か) (kyōka)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 教化 – see 叫化 (“beggar; to beg”). (This term is a variant form of 叫化).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 教 | 化 |
| きょう Grade: 2 | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲo̞ːka̠]

### Noun

教(きょう)化(か) • (kyōka)
* enlightenment, civilisation, education

### Verb

教(きょう)化(か)する • (kyōka suru) suru (stem 教(きょう)化(か)し (kyōka shi), past 教(きょう)化(か)した (kyōka shita))
* to enlighten, to educate, to civilize

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 教化し | きょうかし | kyōka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 教化し | きょうかし | kyōka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 教化する | きょうかする | kyōka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 教化する | きょうかする | kyōka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 教化すれ | きょうかすれ | kyōka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 教化せよ¹ 教化しろ² | きょうかせよ¹ きょうかしろ² | kyōka seyo¹ kyōka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 教化される | きょうかされる | kyōka sareru |
| Causative | 教化させる 教化さす | きょうかさせる きょうかさす | kyōka saseru kyōka sasu |
| Potential | 教化できる | きょうかできる | kyōka dekiru |
| Volitional | 教化しよう | きょうかしよう | kyōka shiyō |
| Negative | 教化しない | きょうかしない | kyōka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 教化せず | きょうかせず | kyōka sezu |
| Formal | 教化します | きょうかします | kyōka shimasu |
| Perfective | 教化した | きょうかした | kyōka shita |
| Conjunctive | 教化して | きょうかして | kyōka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 教化すれば | きょうかすれば | kyōka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||