# leiden
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛi̯də(n)/
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯dən
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: lijden, Leiden

### Verb

leiden
* (transitive) to lead, to take the lead
* (transitive) to guide
    Synonyms: gidsen, rondleiden
* (intransitive) to lead, to go, to follow a path to
    Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.All roads lead to Rome.

#### Derived terms

* leider
* leiding
* leidraad
* aaneenleiden
* aanleiden
* achterafleiden
* afleiden
* beleiden
* bijeenleiden
* binnenleiden
* bovenleiden
* buitenleiden
* de dans leiden
* dichtleiden
* doorleiden
* geleiden
* heenleiden
* herleiden
* inleiden
* medeleiden
* meeleiden
* misleiden
* naleiden
* nederleiden
* neerleiden
* om de tuin leiden
* omhoogleiden
* omlaagleiden
* omleiden
* onderleiden
* ontleiden
* opleiden
* opzijleiden
* overleiden
* platleiden
* rondleiden
* tegenleiden
* terechtleiden
* terugleiden
* toeleiden
* uiteenleiden
* uitleiden
* vastleiden
* verderleiden
* verleiden
* voorbijleiden
* voorleiden
* vooropleiden
* vooroverleiden
* voortleiden
* vooruitleiden
* wederleiden
* wederomleiden
* weerleiden
* wegleiden

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: lei
* Negerhollands: lei
* → Papiamentu: lei (dated)

### Anagrams

* deel in, dele in, indeel, indele, lieden

## Finnish
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

leiden
* genitive plural of lei

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

leiden
* genitive plural of lee

### Anagrams

* lieden

## German
### Alternative forms

* laiden (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. Cognate with Dutch lijden, English lithe. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of Middle High German leiden (“to be sorry, suffer, be hated”), from Old High German leidēn, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþijan, and also the originally unrelated noun Leid (“sorrow”), which is cognate with English loath.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlaɪ̯dən/, [ˈlaɪ̯dn̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

leiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present leidet, past tense litt, past participle gelitten, auxiliary haben)
* (intransitive) to suffer, to experience pain, sorrow, etc.
    Lerne leiden ohne zu klagen.Learn to suffer without complaining.
* (transitive) to suffer, bear, endure, undergo, experience (some hardship)
    Er litt höllische Qualen.He suffered hellish torment.
* (intransitive) to suffer [with an (+ dative) ‘from a disease or condition’]
    Die Gefangenen leiden an Unterernährung.The prisoners suffer from malnutrition.
** 2012 April 20, Die Welt‎, archived from the original on 12 April 2013, page 22:Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung leiden.By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
* (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to like, tolerate
    Ich kann ihn einfach nicht leiden!I just can't stand him!

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* durchleiden
* erleiden
* Leiden
* Leidenschaft
* mitleiden
* verleiden

#### Related terms

* Leid (this and the following are related by secondary association only)
* leid
* leider

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: lëdac

### Further reading

* “leiden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “leiden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “leiden” in Duden online
* “leiden” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną.
Cognate with German leiden, Dutch lijden, English lithe, Icelandic líða. Related to leeden.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɑɪ̯dən/
* Rhymes: -ɑɪdən

### Verb

leiden (third-person singular present leit, past participle gelidden, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (intransitive) to suffer, to feel pain
* (transitive) to bear, to suffer, to endure

#### Conjugation

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

#### Derived terms

* erleiden

#### Related terms

* Leed

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

#### Verb

leiden
* to lead, to bring
* to lead, to guide, to conduct

##### Alternative forms

* lêden

##### Descendants

* Dutch: leiden
** Afrikaans: lei
* Limburgish: leide, leie, lèèje

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (“water”). Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.

#### Noun

leiden ?
* Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)

##### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: Leiden

#### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Further reading

* “leiden (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* “leiden (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “leiden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

### Verb

leiden
* to lead, to bring

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: leiden
** Dutch: leiden
*** Afrikaans: lei
** Limburgish: leide, leie, lèèje

#### Further reading

* “lēden”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012