# axis
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˈæksɪs/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈæksəs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æksɪs, -æksəs
* Hyphenation: ax‧is

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin axis (“axle, axis”) in the 16th century.

#### Noun

axis (plural axes or (rare) axiis)
* (geometry) An imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).
** 2012 March, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.
    The Earth rotates once a day on its axis
* (mathematics) A fixed one-dimensional figure, such as a line or arc, with an origin and orientation and such that its points are in one-to-one correspondence with a set of numbers; an axis forms part of the basis of a space or is used to position and locate data in a graph (a coordinate axis)
* (anatomy) The second cervical vertebra of the spine
    Synonym: epistropheus
* (anatomy) An imaginary, visualized plane separating two morphologically similar parts of an organism
* (psychiatry) A form of classification and descriptions of mental disorders or disabilities used in manuals such as the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
* (botany) The main stem or central part about which organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
* (military) An alliance or coalition.
    Synonyms: pact, compact, league
** 1936, November 1st, Benito Mussolini, Milan Speech:
    This Berlin-Rome vertical line is not an obstacle but rather an axis around which can revolve all those European states with a will to collaboration and peace.
* (figurative) The centre of attention within a process (e.g. the axis of investigation)

##### Coordinate terms

* (cervical vertebra): atlas

##### Derived terms

* axi-
* axipetal
* Axis Age
* axis cylinder
* axised
* axis mundi
* axis of evil
* axis of resistance
* axis of rotation
* axis of symmetry
* axis of upheaval
* Axis progression
* cerebrospinal axis
* coaxis
* conjugate axis
* coordinate axis
* co-ordinate axis
* eigenaxis
* figure axis
* hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
* imaginary axis
* interaxis
* major axis
* minor axis
* multiaxis
* neural axis
* neuraxis
* optical axis
* optic axis
* ordinate axis
* parallel axis theorem
* perpendicular axis theorem
* polar axis
* pseudoaxis
* radical axis
* real axis
* rotational axis
* semiaxis
* semimajor axis
* semi-major axis
* semiminor axis
* semi-minor axis
* visual axis
* x-axis
* y-axis
* z-axis

##### Related terms

* axial, axially
* axile

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Latin, name of an Indian animal mentioned by the Roman senator Pliny.

#### Noun

axis (plural axises)
* A deer native to Asia, of species Axis axis.
    Synonyms: chital, cheetal, chital deer, spotted deer, axis deer

##### See also

* Chital on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Axis axis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

## French
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak.si/

### Noun

axis m (plural axis)
* Synonym of cerf axis (“chital”)

### References

* “axis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-i-s, from *h₂eḱs- (“axis, axle”); see also Lithuanian ašis (“axle”), Russian ось (osʹ), Sanskrit अक्ष (ákṣa, “axis, axle, balance beam”), Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axle”), Old High German ahsa (“axle”), Icelandic eax, öxull, öksull, Old English eaxl (whence English axle). Compare also Etruscan 𐌀𐌂𐌔𐌉 (Acsi, “the Axia gens”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈak.sis/, [ˈäks̠ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈak.sis/, [ˈäksis]

### Noun

axis m (genitive axis); third declension
* An axletree of wagon, car, chariot.
* The North Pole.
* The heavens or a region or clime of these.
* A board, plank.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* āla
* ālea
* assula
* axilla

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: asse
* Padanian:
** Friulian: as
** Lombard: ax
** Piedmontese: ass
** Venetan: ase
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: èssi, èshi, assi, ashi, aissi
** French: ais
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: eixe, exe
** Catalan: eix
    Castellonenc: eis, aix
    Ribagorçan: aix
    Tortosí: aix
** Occitan: ais
    Gascon: èish
    Limousin: aisse
    Provençal: aisse
    Vivaro-Alpine: aisse
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: exa, exe, ex
** Old Galician-Portuguese: eixe
*** Galician: eixe, eixo
*** Portuguese: eixo
** Old Spanish: exe
*** Spanish: eje
* Borrowings:
** → Catalan: axis
** → English: axis
** → Franco-Provençal: axo
** → French: axe
** → Irish: ais
** → Occitan: axe
** → Portuguese: axe, áxis
** → Romanian: ax, axă
** → Spanish: axis

### References

* “axis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “axis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "axis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* axis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the pole: vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli
* “axis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “axis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* Langenscheidt Pocket Latin Dictionary

## Spanish
### Noun

axis m (plural axis)
* (anatomy) axis (vertebra)

### Further reading

* “axis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10