# 蓼

| 蓼 | U+84FC, &#34044; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84FC |
| ← 蓻 [U+84FB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蓽 → [U+84FD] |
| 蓼 | U+F9C2, &#63938; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C2 |
| ← 療 [U+F9C1] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 遼 → [U+F9C3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蓼 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸一竹 (TSMH), four-corner 4420$_2$, composition ⿱艹翏)
* smartweed, polygonum

#### Derived characters

* 𡂕, 𤁸, 𥗀, 𨟆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1053, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31744
* Dae Jaweon: page 1515, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3286, character 8
* Unihan data for U+84FC
* Unihan data for U+F9C2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 醪 | *ruːw |
| 嫪 | *ruːw, *rɯːws |
| 嘐 | *ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw |
| 賿 | *rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ |
| 顟 | *rrɯːw |
| 膠 | *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw |
| 轇 | *krɯːw |
| 摎 | *krɯːw, *rɯw |
| 髎 | *riw, *rɯːw |
| 熮 | *riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ |
| 廖 | *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws |
| 憀 | *rɯːw, *rɯw |
| 豂 | *rɯːw |
| 漻 | *rɯːw |
| 翏 | *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws |
| 寥 | *rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ |
| 蓼 | *rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ |
| 鄝 | *rɯːwʔ |
| 鷚 | *mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw |
| 繆 | *mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ |
| 勠 | *rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ |
| 疁 | *rɯw |
| 飂 | *rɯw, *rɯws |
| 鏐 | *rɯw, *rɯw |
| 僇 | *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ |
| 瘳 | *r̥ʰɯw |
| 璆 | *ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw |
| 謬 | *mrɯws |
| 蟉 | *ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ |
| 樛 | *krɯw |
| 磟 | *ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ |
| 戮 | *rɯwɢ |
| 剹 | *rɯwɢ |
| 穋 | *rɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǎo (liao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): liu$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): láu / liáu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎo
*** Wade–Giles: liao$^3$
*** Yale: lyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leau
*** Palladius: ляо (ljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: liu$^5$
*** Yale: líuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: liu$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: liu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːu̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu / liáu
*** Tâi-lô: láu / liáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lao, liao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lau⁵³/, /liau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴/, /liau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau⁵³/, /liau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lau⁵³/, /liau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau⁴¹/, /liau⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: lewX
Rime :
| Character | 蓼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 盧鳥切 |
| Baxter | lewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /leu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /leu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /leu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /leu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lieu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lieu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | liu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːwʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蓼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 8367 |
| Phonetic component | 翏 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 了 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯːwʔ/ |

#### Definitions

蓼
* knotweed; smartweed (various plants in the family Polygonaceae, especially in the genera Polygonum and Persicaria)
* (figurative) difficulty; hardship

#### Compounds

* 含蓼問疾 / 含蓼问疾
* 摎蓼
* 毛蓼 (máoliǎo)
* 水蓼 (shuǐliǎo)
* 甘蓼
* 竹節蓼 / 竹节蓼
* 紅蓼 / 红蓼 (hóngliǎo)
* 苞蓼
* 荼蓼
* 蓼擾 / 蓼扰
* 蓼沿 (Liǎoyán)
* 蓼科
* 蓼花 (liǎohuā)
* 蓼菜成行
* 蓼蕭 / 蓼萧
* 蓼藍 / 蓼蓝 (liǎolán)
* 蓼蘭鎮 / 蓼兰镇
* 越王嘗蓼 / 越王尝蓼
* 辣蓼
* 香蓼

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lù (lu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): luk$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / ló
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lù
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lù
*** Wade–Giles: lu$^4$
*** Yale: lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
*** Palladius: лу (lu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: luk$^6$
*** Yale: luhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: luk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k / ló
*** Tâi-lô: lio̍k / ló
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liok, loir
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/, /lo⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/, /lo⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔk̚¹²¹/, /lo⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/, /lo⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔk̚⁴/, /lɤ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: lewX
Rime :
| Character | 蓼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 盧鳥切 |
| Baxter | lewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /leu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /leu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /leu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /leu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lieu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lieu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | liu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːwʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蓼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 8367 |
| Phonetic component | 翏 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 了 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯːwʔ/ |

#### Definitions

蓼
* (literary, of plants) tall

#### Compounds

* 蓼莪
* 蓼蓼

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǔ (liu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǒu
*** Wade–Giles: liu$^3$
*** Yale: lyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leou
*** Palladius: лю (lju)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

蓼
* Only used in 糾蓼／纠蓼.

### References

* “蓼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: りょう (ryō)、ろく (roku)
* Kan-on: りく (riku)、りょう (ryō)
* Kun: たで (tade, 蓼)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 蓼
* たで Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, possibly from Proto-Japonic *tantay on the basis of the obsolete noun 蓼水(ただみ) (tadami, “a broth made from knotweed that is added to miso”), in spite that very few Ryukyuan cognates exist and the first attestation of the compound was in the mid-Heian period.
Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たで [tàdé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠de̞]

### Noun

蓼(たで) or 蓼(タデ) • (tade)
* knotweed (Polygonaceae); jointweed, smartweed
* water pepper (Persicaria hydropiper)

#### Synonyms

* たら (tara, obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* 蓼藍(たであい) (tadeai)
* 藍蓼(あいたで) (aitade)
* 荒毛蓼(あらげたで) (aragetade)
* 犬蓼(いぬたで) (inutade)
* 岩蓼(いわたで) (iwatade)
* 裏白蓼(うらじろたで) (urajirotade)
* 御蓼(おんたで) (ontade)
* 毛蓼(けたで) (ketade)
* 桜蓼(さくらたで) (sakuratade)
* 谷蓼(たにたで) (tanitade)
* 丁子蓼(チョウジタデ) (chōjitade)
* 蔓蓼(つるたで) (tsurutade)
* 香蓼(においたで) (nioitade)
* 糠穂蓼(ぬかぼたで) (nukabotade)
* 花蓼(はなたで) (hanatade)
* 春蓼(はるたで) (harutade)
* 柳蓼(やなぎたで) (yanagitade)

#### Idioms

* 蓼(たで)食(く)う虫(むし)も好(す)き好(ず)き (tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki)

### References

* 1 2 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 450
* 1 2 3 “たで 【蓼】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “ただみ 【蓼水】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

蓼 (eum 료 (ryo), word-initial (South Korea) 요 (yo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tokunoshima
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: た゚でぃ゚ー (tadī)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 蓼
* た゚でぃ゚ー Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʰádɨ́ː]

### Noun

蓼(た゚でぃ゚ー) (tadī)
* knotweed

### References

* Uwano, Zendō (2017) “徳之島浅間方言のアクセント資料(3) [Accent Data of Tokunoshima Asama Dialect (3)]”, in NINJAL Research Papers, number 12, →DOI, pages 139-161

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蓼: Hán Nôm readings: liễu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation

## Yoron
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: たでぃ (tadi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 蓼
* たでぃ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tàdì]

### Noun

蓼(たでぃ) (tadi)
* knotweed

### References

* Kiku, Chiyo, Takahashi, Toshizō (2005) 与論方言辞典 [Yoron Dialect Dictionary], Tokyo: Musashinoshoin, →ISBN, page 288