# 壁

| 壁 | U+58C1, &#22721; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58C1 |
| ← 壀 [U+58C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壂 → [U+58C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壁 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 尸十土 (SJG), four-corner 7010$_4$, composition ⿱辟土)

#### Derived characters

* 𫤃, 𢸵, 𤃎, 𧕀, 𬩮, 𧂸, 𫕶, 𠫀, 𬐀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5516
* Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 494, character 8
* Unihan data for U+58C1

## Chinese

* 壁

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嬖 | *peːɡs |
| 薜 | *beːɡs, *preːɡ |
| 鐾 | *beːɡs |
| 臂 | *peɡs |
| 譬 | *pʰeɡs |
| 避 | *beɡs |
| 檗 | *preːɡ |
| 擘 | *preːɡ |
| 糪 | *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ |
| 掰 | *preːɡ |
| 繴 | *breːɡ, *peːɡ |
| 辟 | *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ |
| 璧 | *peɡ |
| 鐴 | *peɡ |
| 躄 | *peɡ |
| 襞 | *peɡ |
| 僻 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
| 癖 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
| 廦 | *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ |
| 擗 | *beɡ |
| 躃 | *beɡ |
| 闢 | *beɡ |
| 壁 | *peːɡ |
| 鼊 | *peːɡ |
| 霹 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 劈 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 澼 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 憵 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 甓 | *beːɡ |
| 鷿 | *beːɡ |
| 幦 | *mbeːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *peːɡ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) – an earthen wall.

### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Tocharian *pəkənte (“hindering, obstacle”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bì (bi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bi$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik$^1$ / bek$^3$ / bik$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bet$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): piak
    (Meixian, Guangdong): biag$^5$ / bid$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): biă / bĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): biáh / biéh / bék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): piah / pek / piak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): biah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$piq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bì
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$
*** Yale: bì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: bi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bik$^1$ / bek$^3$ / bik$^3$
*** Yale: bīk / bek / bik
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bik$^7$ / bek$^8$ / bik$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: big$^1$ / bég$^3$ / big$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪk̚⁵/, /pɛːk̚³/, /pɪk̚³/
* bik1 - literary;
* bek3 - vernacular (limited);
* bik3 - rare variant.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit壁 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pi³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /piʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /piəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /piɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /pi²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /piʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pi⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pi²⁴/ /pia²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /piɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /piɑʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /piak̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /piɑk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pik̚³²/ /piaʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piɛʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pi²⁴/ /pia²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /piaʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbek̚⁵/ /ʔbia⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: pek
Rime :
| Character | 壁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 北激切 |
| Baxter | pek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /piek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /piek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.pˤek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*peːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pek › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.pˁek/ |
| English | house wall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 688 |
| Phonetic component | 辟 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壁 |
| Old Chinese | /*peːɡ/ |

### Definitions

壁
* wall; partition (Classifier: 堵 mn)
    牆壁／墙壁 ― qiángbì ― wall
* rampart; defensive wall
    壁壘／壁垒 ― bìlěi ― rampart; barrier
* cliff; precipice
    峭壁 ― qiàobì ― cliff; steep
* something resembling a wall; lumen; surface
* (astronomy) (～宿) Wall (Chinese constellation)

#### Synonyms

* (wall):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 牆, 壁, 垣墉 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 牆, 牆壁, 牆垣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 牆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 牆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 牆壁 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 牆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 牆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 牆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 牆, 壁頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 牆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 牆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 牆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 籬壆, 牆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 籬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 牆壁 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 牆 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 牆 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牆, 壁 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 牆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牆, 壁 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 牆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 壁 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 壁 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 壁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 壁 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 壁 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 牆, 壁頭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 牆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 牆壁 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 牆 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 牆 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 牆, 牆壁, 壁 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 牆, 壁, 壁堵 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 壁堵 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 壁 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 牆, 壁, 壁堵 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 牆, 壁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 牆, 壁 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 壁 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 壁 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 牆 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 牆 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 牆 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 壁, 牆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 牆, 壁 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 牆, 壁 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 牆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 牆, 壁, 牆壁 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 牆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 牆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 牆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 牆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 牆頭, 牆壁 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 牆 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 牆頭, 牆壁 |
| Wu | Danyang | 牆頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 牆頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 牆壁 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 屏牆, 牆 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牆壁, 牆, 壁 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 牆 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 壁頭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 牆頭, 壁頭 |

### Compounds

* 一壁
* 一壁廂 / 一壁厢
* 九龍壁 / 九龙壁
* 作壁上觀 / 作壁上观 (zuòbìshàngguān)
* 傍人籬壁 / 傍人篱壁
* 削壁 (xuēbì)
* 半壁 (bànbì)
* 半壁江山 (bànbìjiāngshān)
* 半壁河山 (bànbìhéshān)
* 厚壁組織 / 厚壁组织
* 向壁虛構 / 向壁虚构 (xiàngbìxūgòu)
* 向壁虛造 / 向壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
* 呵壁問天 / 呵壁问天
* 四壁 (sìbì)
* 四壁蕭條 / 四壁萧条
* 四處碰壁 / 四处碰壁
* 土壁
* 堅壁 / 坚壁 (jiānbì)
* 堅壁清野 / 坚壁清野 (jiānbìqīngyě)
* 塢壁 / 坞壁
* 壁上泥皮
* 壁上觀 / 壁上观 (bìshàngguān)
* 壁中書 / 壁中书
* 壁報 / 壁报 (bìbào)
* 壁堵 (piah-tó͘) (Min Nan)
* 壁報紙 / 壁报纸
* 壁塑
* 壁壘 / 壁垒 (bìlěi)
* 壁壘分明 / 壁垒分明
* 壁壘森嚴 / 壁垒森严 (bìlěisēnyán)
* 壁宿 (Bìxiù)
* 壁廂 / 壁厢 (bìxiāng)
* 壁櫥 / 壁橱 (bìchú)
* 壁毯 (bìtǎn)
* 壁燈 / 壁灯 (bìdēng)
* 壁爐 / 壁炉 (bìlú)
* 壁牙
* 壁球 (bìqiú)
* 壁畫 / 壁画 (bìhuà)
* 壁立 (bìlì)
* 壁立千仞 (bìlìqiānrèn)
* 壁紙 / 壁纸 (bìzhǐ)
* 壁經 / 壁经
* 壁聽 / 壁听
* 壁花
* 壁葬 (bìzàng)
* 壁落
* 壁虎 (bìhǔ)
* 壁蝨 / 壁虱 (bìshī)
* 壁衣
* 壁誌 / 壁志
* 壁鉤 / 壁钩
* 壁門 / 壁门
* 壁飾 / 壁饰 (bìshì)
* 壁龕 / 壁龛 (bìkān)
* 大戈壁
* 夾壁 / 夹壁
* 孔壁古文
* 家徒四壁 (jiātúsìbì)
* 家徒壁立
* 岩壁 (yánbì)
* 峭壁 (qiàobì)
* 龐貝壁畫 / 庞贝壁画
* 影壁
* 後壁 / 后壁 (Hòubì)
* 後赤壁賦 / 后赤壁赋
* 懸岩峭壁 / 悬岩峭壁
* 懸崖峭壁 / 悬崖峭壁 (xuányáqiàobì)
* 懸崖絕壁 / 悬崖绝壁 (xuányájuébì)
* 戈壁 (Gēbì)
* 折壁腳 / 折壁脚
* 扶牆摸壁 / 扶墙摸壁
* 拆壁腳 / 拆壁脚
* 敦煌壁畫 / 敦煌壁画
* 斷垣殘壁 / 断垣残壁 (duànyuáncánbì)
* 斷壁殘垣 / 断壁残垣 (duànbìcányuán)
* 斷壁頹垣 / 断壁颓垣
* 旗亭畫壁 / 旗亭画壁
* 映壁
* 板壁 (bǎnbì)
* 東壁 / 东壁
* 殘垣敗壁 / 残垣败壁
* 油壁車 / 油壁车 (yóubìchē)
* 深溝堅壁 / 深沟坚壁
* 溼壁畫 / 湿壁画
* 照壁
* 牆壁 / 墙壁 (qiángbì)
* 牆風壁耳 / 墙风壁耳
* 畫水掀壁 / 画水掀壁
* 疥壁
* 石壁 (shíbì)
* 破壁燎火
* 破壁飛去 / 破壁飞去
* 碰壁 (pèngbì)
* 穿壁引光
* 笆壁
* 籬壁間物 / 篱壁间物
* 粉壁 (fěnbì)
* 細胞壁 / 细胞壁 (xìbāobì)
* 絕壁 / 绝壁 (juébì)
* 絕壁天懸 / 绝壁天悬
* 聽壁腳 / 听壁脚
* 聽籬察壁 / 听篱察壁
* 茅簷土壁 / 茅檐土壁
* 蓀壁 / 荪壁
* 薄壁組織 / 薄壁组织
* 處處碰壁 / 处处碰壁
* 補壁 / 补壁
* 補壁之作 / 补壁之作
* 複壁 / 复壁
* 護壁 / 护壁
* 赤壁 (Chìbì)
* 赤壁之戰 / 赤壁之战
* 赤壁懷古 / 赤壁怀古
* 赤壁賦 / 赤壁赋
* 赤壁鏖兵
* 軟壁 / 软壁
* 這壁廂 / 这壁厢
* 連續壁 / 连续壁
* 那壁廂 / 那壁厢
* 鄉壁虛造 / 乡壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
* 重壁
* 銅牆鐵壁 / 铜墙铁壁 (tóngqiángtiěbì)
* 鏖兵赤壁
* 鐵壁 / 铁壁
* 鐵壁銅牆 / 铁壁铜墙
* 鑿壁偷光 / 凿壁偷光
* 鑿壁懸梁 / 凿壁悬梁
* 間壁 / 间壁
* 關稅壁壘 / 关税壁垒
* 陡壁
* 隔壁 (gébì)
* 隔壁帳 / 隔壁帐
* 隔壁戲 / 隔壁戏
* 隔壁聽 / 隔壁听
* 隔壁醋
* 面壁 (miànbì)
* 面壁下帷
* 面壁功深
* 面壁坐禪 / 面壁坐禅
* 面壁思過 / 面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò)
* 頹牆壞壁 / 颓墙坏壁 (tuí qiáng huài bì)
* 題壁 / 题壁
* 飛牆走壁 / 飞墙走壁
* 飛簷走壁 / 飞檐走壁 (fēiyánzǒubì)
* 飛車走壁 / 飞车走壁
* 高壁深塹 / 高壁深堑
* 高壁深壘 / 高壁深垒
* 高壘深壁 / 高垒深壁 (gāolěishēnbì)
* 鶴壁 / 鹤壁 (Hèbì)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 壁(へき) (heki)
* → Korean: 벽(壁) (byeok)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: vách (“wall”)

### References

* ↑ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
* Kan-on: へき (heki, Jōyō)
* Kun: かべ (kabe, 壁, Jōyō)、とりで (toride)
* Nanori: かべ (kabe)

#### Compounds

* 壁蝨(だに) (dani)
* 壁画(へきが) (hekiga)
* 壁龕(へきがん) (hekigan)
* 外壁(がいへき) (gaiheki)
* 遮水壁(しすいへき) (shisuiheki)
* 墻壁(しょうへき) (shōheki)
* 障壁(しょうへき) (shōheki)
* 城壁(じょうへき) (jōheki)
* 西壁(せいへき) (seiheki)
* 赤壁(せきへき) (Sekiheki)
* 絶壁(ぜっぺき) (zeppeki)
* 鉄壁(てっぺき) (teppeki)
* 東壁(とうへき) (tōheki)
* 防火壁(ぼうかへき) (bōkaheki)
* 北壁(ほくへき) (hokuheki)
* 擁壁(ようへき) (yōheki)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 壁
* かべ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Compound of 処(か) (ka, “place”) + 重(へ) (he, “division”), in reference to walls dividing objects apart. The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かべ [kàbé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠be̞]

### Noun

壁(かべ) • (kabe)
* wall
** 2011 May 14, “アクア・マドール [Aqua Madoll]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
    水(みず)をあやつる魔(ま)法(ほう)使(つか)い。分(ぶ)厚(あつ)い水(みず)の壁(かべ)をつくり敵(てき)を押(お)しつぶす。
       Mizu o ayatsuru mahōtsukai. Buatsui mizu no kabe o tsukuri teki o oshitsubusu.
       A water-manipulating magician who crushes his enemies with his massive water walls.
* something that impedes progress
* (nyobō kotoba) tofu
* a 掛詞 (kakekotoba) for 寝る (nuru) by way of 塗る (nuru)
* (moutaineering) a vertical cliff

#### Derived terms

* 壁紙(かべがみ) (kabegami)
* 壁際(かべぎわ) (kabegiwa)
* 壁土(かべつち) (kabetsuchi)
* 壁(かべ)ドン (kabedon)
* 石壁(いしかべ) (ishikabe)
* 塗壁(ぬりかべ) (nurikabe)

#### See also

* 床(ゆか) (yuka): floor
* 天(てん)井(じょう) (tenjō): ceiling

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

壁 (eumhun 벽 벽 (byeok byeok))
* hanja form of 벽 (“wall”)

#### Compounds

* 장벽 (腸壁/障壁, jangbyeok, “barrier”)
* 절벽 (絶壁, jeolbyeok, “a precipice (a very steep cliff)”)
* 방화벽 (防火壁, banghwabyeok, “firewall”)
* 벽장 (壁欌, byeokjang, “closet”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壁: Hán Nôm readings: bích, bệch, bịch, vách
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.