# 孕

| 孕 | U+5B55, &#23381; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B55 |
| ← 孔 [U+5B54] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孖 → [U+5B56] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孕 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸弓木 (NSND), four-corner 1740$_7$, composition ⿱乃子)

#### Derived characters

* 㚺 䱆 𠱆 𢘩 𢫡 𥩯 𥿱 𨀊 𨈯 𨸳 𡦆 𡥸 𡲪 𡦔 𤁛 𫭧 𬚕 𫲬 𭔤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 277, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6938
* Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5B55

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孕 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a pregnant woman with a fetus.

### Etymology

Compare 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yùn (yun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yún
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yin$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): īng
* Eastern Min (BUC): êng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): īn / ūn / ēng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rêng$^6$ / hêng$^6$ / uêng$^6$ / hung$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yun; $^6$yon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^4$
*** Yale: yùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^6$
*** Yale: yahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /in³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: īng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: īn
*** Tâi-lô: īn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: in
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /in⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /in³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /in²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn
*** Tâi-lô: ūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: un
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /un³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēng
*** Tâi-lô: īng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ²²/
* īn/ūn - vernacular;
* ēng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit孕 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yn⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /yn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /yn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /yẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /yə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /yn³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iẽ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /yə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /yŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ỹn¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /yŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /yn³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /zuən¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /zuen²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ĩ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /yn⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yn⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ĩŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦyŋ²³/ /ɦioŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦyən³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦin¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /yan⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yn⁵⁵/ /yn¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yn⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /in³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐn²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yn²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐn²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iŋ²²/ /in²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ɛiŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zeŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kua³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: yingH
Rime :
| Character | 孕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以證切 |
| Baxter | yingH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ieŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iəŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭəŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯əŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l[i]ŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yùn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ying$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l[i]ŋ-s/ |
| English | pregnant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16475 |
| Phonetic component | 孕 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孕 |
| Old Chinese | /*lɯŋs/ |

### Definitions

孕
* to be pregnant
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Fù yùn bù yù, shī qí dào yě. [Pinyin]
    "A wife is pregnant, but will not nourish her child:" - she has failed in her [proper] course.
* foetus
* to contain
** 815, 白居易 [Bai Juyi], 與元九書 [Letter to Yuan Zhen]:
       Yúshìhū yùn dà hán shēn, guàn wēi dòng mì, shàng xià tōng ér yī qì tài, yōu yuè hé ér bǎi zhì xī. [Pinyin]
       Therefore, it contains great and profound [truths]; it penetrates the minute and pierces the hidden; the emperor and his subjects communicate unobstructed and the qi of the world is peaceful; people unite in sorrow and joy, and all their feelings are harmonious.

#### Compounds

* 不孕 (bùyùn)
* 不孕性
* 不孕症 (bùyùnzhèng)
* 不孕真菌
* 人工受孕 (réngōng shòuyùn)
* 包孕 (bāoyùn)
* 包孕句
* 受孕 (shòuyùn)
* 可孕物質 / 可孕物质
* 子宮外孕 / 子宫外孕 (zǐgōng wàiyùn)
* 孕吐 (yùntù)
* 孕婦 / 孕妇 (yùnfù)
* 孕期 (yùnqī)
* 孕珠
* 孕穗 (yùnsuì)
* 孕育 (yùnyù)
* 懷孕 / 怀孕 (huáiyùn)
* 毓子孕孫 / 毓子孕孙
* 腹腔懷孕 / 腹腔怀孕
* 身孕 (shēnyùn)
* 避孕 (bìyùn)
* 避孕套 (bìyùntào)
* 避孕藥 / 避孕药 (bìyùnyào)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō)
* Kun: はらむ (haramu, 孕む)

## Korean
### Hanja

孕 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孕: Hán Nôm readings: dựng, dằng, dửng, rặng, nững, dững
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.