# acha
## English
### Etymology

From Hausa acca.

### Noun

acha (uncountable)
* fonio, esp. Digitaria exilis (white fonio) (a cereal cultivated in western Africa)

#### Synonyms

* fonio

### Further reading

* Digitaria exilis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Digitaria exilis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* acha at USDA Plants database

### Anagrams

* Aach

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈat͡ʃa/ [ˈa̠.t͡ʃɐ]
* Rhymes: -atʃa
* Hyphenation: a‧cha

### Etymology 1

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese acha (Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin ascla, from Latin assula. Cognate with Portuguese acha.

#### Noun

acha f (plural achas)
* chip, sliver, splinter
    Synonyms: cavaco, estela, racho
** 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 613:Et alí ueeriades muytos ferros de muytas lanças agudas entrar per peytos et per adágaras et per uentres, et muytas lanças caer en achas et en tranções, et muytos escudos quebrantados, et moytas lorigas rrotas et desmalladas, et muytas espadas banadas en sangeAnd you would have seen there many irons and many spears to enter in breasts and shields and bellies, and many spears to fell broken in chips and splinters, and many shields smashed down, and many coats broken and unmailed, and many swords bathed in blood
** 1555, Hernán Núñez, Refranes o proverbios en romance:A acha tira pra racha (proverb)a chip off the old block
* billet (piece of wood used as firewood)
    Synonym: racha

##### Related terms

* estela
* racha
* rachar

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “acha”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “acha” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “acha”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “acha”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “acha”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

acha
* inflection of achar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Morelos Nahuatl
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish hacha, from French hache, from Frankish [Term?].

### Noun

acha
* axe

### References

* Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C. (2005) Pequeño diccionario ilustrado: Náhuatl de Cuentepec, Morelos‎, segunda edición edition, Tlalpan, D.F., México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., published 2006, page 22

## Occitan
### Noun

acha f (plural achas)
* aitch (the letter h, H)

## Polish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish aha.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈxa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a‧cha

#### Interjection

acha
* Alternative spelling of aha

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.xa/
* Rhymes: -axa
* Syllabification: a‧cha

#### Verb

acha
* third-person singular present of achać

### Further reading

* acha in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.ʃɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.ʃɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.ʃa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈa.ʃɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈa.ʃɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈa.t͡ʃɐ/
* Rhymes: -aʃɐ
* Hyphenation: a‧cha

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese acha, from Late Latin ascla (“sliver”), from Latin astula.

#### Noun

acha f (plural achas)
* billet (piece of wood used as firewood)
    Synonyms: cavaco, estilha, lenha

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese acha, from Old French hache (“battle-axe”), from Frankish.

#### Noun

acha f (plural achas)
* battle-axe (axe for use in battle)

#### See also

* machado

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

acha
* inflection of achar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “acha”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dáca.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑ.tʃɑ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-acha (infinitive kuacha)
* to leave
** 1975, Taarifa ya mwaka ya Tume ya Kudumu ya Uchunguzi‎, page 37:Aliacha milango ya chumba chake imefungwa kwa kufuli lililo madhubuti.He left the door to his room closed with a secure padlock.
* to stop, cease, quit
* to allow

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -acha :
| Positive present | -naacha |
| Subjunctive | -ache |
| Negative | -achi |
| Imperative singular | acha wacha |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuacha |
| Negative | kutoacha |
Imperatives :
| Singular | acha wacha |
| Plural | acheni wacheni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huacha |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liacha |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuacha |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taacha |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taacha |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siache |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeacha |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeacha |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliacha |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliacha |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meacha |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaacha |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaacha |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiacha |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoacha |
| Consecutive | kaacha / positive subject concord + -kaacha |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kaache |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -achia
** Causative: -achisha
** Passive: -achwa
** Reciprocal: -achana
** Stative: -achika
** Other formations: -achilia

### Further reading

* acha in Swahili Oxford Living Dictionaries, Oxford University Press

## Welsh
### Etymology

From ar (“on”) +‎ uchaf (“highest, top”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈaχa/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈa(ː)χa/

### Preposition

acha
* (South Wales, colloquial) on
    Synonyms: ar, ar gefn
** 2016, David Thorne, chapter 70, in Gafael mewn Gramadeg, Caerfyrddin: Y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, page 197:Mae e wedi mynd acha beicHe's gone on a bike
* (South Wales, colloquial) with (denoting an instrument)
    Synonyms: â, efo, gyda
** 2016, David Thorne, chapter 70, in Gafael mewn Gramadeg, Caerfyrddin: Y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, page 197:Bydd e'n hollti'r coed acha bwyellHe'll split the wood with an axe

#### Usage notes

* Acha is used with indefinite nouns. The equivalent for definite nouns when it means "on" is ar.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “acha”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Western Apache
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish hacha.

### Noun

acha
* axe

## Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish hacha, from French hache, from Frankish [Term?].

### Noun

acha
* axe

### References

* Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C. (2006) Pequeño diccionario ilustrado: Náhuatl de los municipios de Zacatlán, Tepetzintla y Ahuacatlán‎, segunda edición edition, Tlalpan, D.F. México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 22