# Rome
## English
### Alternative forms

* Rom, Roome, Room, Rhoome, Romme, Rowme, Roym, Rum (archaic)
* Roma (uncommon)

### Etymology

From Middle English Rome, from Old English Rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō and influenced by Late Latin Rōma (“Rome, Constantinople”), from Classical Latin Rōma (“Rome”). In Roman mythology, the name was said to derive from Romulus, one of the founders of the city and its first king.
The name appears in a wide range of forms in Middle English, including Rom, Room, Roome, and Rombe as well as Rome; by early modern English, it appeared as Rome, Room, and Roome, with the spelling Rome occurring in Shakespeare and common from the early 18th century on. The final spelling was influenced by Norman, Middle French, Anglo-Norman, and Old French Rome. Doublet of Roma and Rum.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) enPR: rōm, IPA: /ɹəʊm/, (archaic, dialectal) IPA: /ɹum/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) enPR: rōm, IPA: /ɹoʊm/
* Rhymes: -əʊm
* Homophones: roam, Rom

### Proper noun

Rome
* A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio.
** 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 157:When could they say (till now) that talk'd of Rome, That her wide Walles incompast but one man? Now is it Rome indeed, and Roome enough When there is in it but one onely man.
** 1866 December 8, 'Filius Ecclesiæ', Notes & Queries, "Rome:Room", 456 1:
    Within the last thirty weeks I have heard the word Rome pronounced Room by several old-fashioned people in the north of Ireland, some of my own relations among the number. On remonstrating with one of these, she said, "It was always Room when I was at school (say about 1830), and I am too old to change it now."
* A metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy.
* (metonymically) The Italian government.
** 2016, Per Tiedtke, chapter 2, in Germany, Italy and the International Economy 1929–1936: Co-operation or Rivalries at Times of Crisis?‎, Europe: Tectum Verlag, →ISBN, page 99:At first, Berlin tried to amend the agreement to restore a German trade surplus, but Rome refused.
* Ancient Rome; the former Roman Empire; Roman civilization.
** c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 82:These that suruiue, let Rome reward with loue.
** 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC, page 39:Learning and Rome alike in Empire grew, And Arts still follow'd where her Eagles flew; From the same Foes [viz., Tyranny and Superstition], at last, both felt their Doom, And the same Age saw Learning fall, and Rome.
** 1821, Lord Byron, Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice. An Historical Tragedy, in Five Acts. […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 149:A wife's dishonour unking'd Rome for ever.
* The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.
** 1537 January 26, T. Starkey, letter:
    The wych you perauenture wyl impute to thys defectyon from Rome.
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:Winch. Rome shall remedie this Warw. Roame thither then.
* The Church of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church generally.
** c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], line 7:King Iohn hath reconcil'd Himselfe to Rome.
* A number of places in the United States:
** An unincorporated community in Covington County, Alabama.
** A city, the county seat of Floyd County, Georgia.
** A census-designated place in Peoria County, Illinois.
** An unincorporated community in Perry County, Indiana.
** A village in Henry County, Iowa.
** A ghost town in Ellis County, Kansas.
** An unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas.
** An unincorporated community in Daviess County, Kentucky.
** A town in Kennebec County, Maine.
** An unincorporated community in Sunflower County, Mississippi.
** An unincorporated community in Douglas County, Missouri.
** A city in Oneida County, New York.
** A village in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio.
    Synonym: Stout (the name of the post office)
** An unincorporated community in Delaware County, Ohio.
** A ghost town in Morrow County, Ohio.
** An unincorporated community in Richland County, Ohio.
** An unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon.
** A borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.
** An unincorporated community in Smith County, Tennessee.
** A town and unincorporated community in Adams County, Wisconsin.
** A census-designated place in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.
** A number of townships, including in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio (3) and Pennsylvania (2), listed under Rome Township.
* A surname.

#### Synonyms

* (archaic) Romeburg, Romeburgh, Romeland, Romelede, Romethede, Rome town
* (dated) Rome city
* Istanbul, Constantinople (new Rome)
* Moscow (third Rome, new Rome)

#### Derived terms

* all roads lead to Rome
* do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope
* Duchy of Rome
* go to Rome with a mortar on one's head
* Roman
* Rome plow
* Rome rule, Rome Rule
* Romes
* Rome was not built in a day (dated), Rome wasn't built in a day
* Romish (dated)
* when in Rome, do as the Romans do

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: रोम (rom)
* → Thai: โรม (room)

#### Translations

Afrikaans: Rome (af)
Aghwan: 𐕆𐕙𐕒𐕌 (hrom)
Albanian: Romë
Amharic: ሮማ (roma)
Arabic: رُومَا f (rūmā), رُومِيَة f (rūmiya)
Egyptian Arabic: روما f (ruma)
Hijazi Arabic: روما f (rōma)
Armenian: Հռոմ (hy) (Hṙom)
Asturian: Roma f
Azerbaijani: Roma (az)
Bashkir: Рим (Rim)
Basque: Erroma (eu)
Belarusian: Рым m (Rym)
Bengali: রোম (bn) (rōm)
Breton: Roma (br)
Bulgarian: Рим m (Rim)
Burmese: ရောမ (my) (rau:ma.)
Carpathian Rusyn: Рим m (Rym)
Catalan: Roma (ca) f
Chechen: Рим (Rim)
Cherokee: ᎶᎻ (lomi), ᎶᎹ (loma)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 羅馬 / 罗马 (lo$^4$ maa$^5$)
Eastern Min: 羅馬 / 罗马 (Lò̤-mā)
Hakka: 羅馬 / 罗马 (Lò-mâ)
Hokkien: 羅馬 / 罗马 (Lô-má)
Mandarin: 羅馬 / 罗马 (zh) (Luómǎ)
Wu: 羅馬 / 罗马 ($^6$lu-ma)
Coptic:
Bohairic: ⲣⲱⲙⲏ (rōmē)
Sahidic: ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ (hrōmē)
Czech: Řím (cs) m
Danish: Rom (da)
Dutch: Rome (nl) n
Egyptian: (hrm m)
Esperanto: Romo (eo)
Estonian: Rooma (et)
Farefare: Dooma, Doom
Faroese: Róm (fo) f, Rómaborg f
Finnish: Rooma (fi)
French: Rome (fr) f
Friulian: Rome
Galician: Roma (gl) f
Georgian: რომი (ka) (romi)
German: Rom (de) n
Gothic: 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 f (ruma)
Greek: Ρώμη (el) f (Rómi)
Ancient: Ῥώμη f (Rhṓmē)
Gujarati: રોમ (rom)
Hawaiian: Loma
Hebrew: רוֹמָא (he) f (róma)
Hindi: रोम (hi) (rom), रोमक (hi) m (romak)
Hungarian: Róma (hu)
Icelandic: Róm f, Rómaborg f
Ido: Roma (io)
Indonesian: Roma
Irish: an Róimh f
Italian: Roma (it) f
Japanese: ローマ (ja) (Rōma), 羅馬 (ja) (Rōma) (dated)
Kalmyk: Рим (Rim)
Kannada: ರೋಮ್ (rōm)
Kazakh: Рим (Rim)
Khmer: រ៉ូម (km) (roum)
Korean: 로마 (ko) (Roma), 나마(羅馬) (ko) (Nama) (dated), 라마(羅馬) (ko) (Rama) (dated, North Korea)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: Roma (ku)
Kyrgyz: Рим (Rim)
Lao: ໂລມ (lōm), ໂຣມ (rōm)
Latin: Rōma (la) f
Latvian: Roma (lv) f
Lithuanian: Roma (lt) f
Macedonian: Рим m (Rim)
Malay: Rum, Rom
Malayalam: റോം (ṟōṁ)
Maltese: Ruma
Manx: Yn Raue f
Maori: Rōma (mi)
Maranao: Roma
Marathi: रोम n (rom)
Middle English: Rome, Roome
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: Ром (Rom)
Nepali: रोम (rom)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: Roma (no), Rom (no)
Nynorsk: Roma
Occitan: Roma (oc)
Odia: ରୋମ (or) (roma)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Glagolitic: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ m (Rimŭ)
Old East Slavic: Римъ m (Rimŭ)
Old English: Rōm f, Rōmeburh f
Old Norse: Róm n, Rúm n, Róma f, Rómaborg f
Old Occitan: Roma
Old Portuguese: Roma
Ossetian: Ром (Rom)
Ottoman Turkish: روم (Rum), قزل المه (Qızıl Elma)
Pashto: روم (ps) m (rom), روما f (romã)
Persian: رم (fa) (Rom)
Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlʿm /⁠Hrōm⁠/)
Polish: Rzym (pl) m
Portuguese: Roma (pt) f
Punjabi: ਰੋਮ (rom)
Romanian: Roma (ro) f
Russian: Рим (ru) m (Rim)
Sanskrit: रोम (sa) (roma), रोमक (sa) m (romaka), रोमकः (sa) m (romakaḥ), रोमकपुर (sa) n (romakapura), रोमकपत्तन (sa) n (romakapattana)
Sardinian: Roma f
Saterland Frisian: Room
Scots: Roum
Scottish Gaelic: Ròimh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: Ри̑м m
Roman: Rȋm (sh) m
Sicilian: Roma f
Silesian: Rzim m
Sinhalese: රෝමය (rōmaya)
Slovak: Rím (sk) m
Slovene: Rím (sl) m
Somali: Roma
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: Rom m
Upper Sorbian: Rom m
Spanish: Roma (es) f
Swahili: Roma
Swedish: Rom (sv)
Tagalog: Roma
Tajik: Рим (Rim), Рум (Rum)
Tamil: உரோம் (urōm)
Tatar: Рим (Rim)
Telugu: రోమ్ (rōm)
Thai: โรม (th) (room)
Tibetan: རོ་མ (ro ma)
Turkish: Roma (tr)
Turkmen: Rim
Ukrainian: Рим (uk) m (Rym)
Urdu: روم (ur) (rom)
Uyghur: رىم (rim)
Uzbek: Rim
Vietnamese: Rôma (vi), La Mã (vi) (dated)
Volapük: Roma, (seven hills) Vellubelazif
Welsh: Rhufain (cy)
West Frisian: Rome
Yiddish: רוים n (roym)
Yoruba: Róòmù
Zhuang: Lozmaj
Zulu: eRoma :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* Roma
* Romania
* romance, romantic
* Romulan

### References

* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary. "Rome, n."

### Anagrams

* -more, More, Moré, mero, Mero, omer, Omer, erom, Orme, moer, mero-, more, Orem

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

Inherited from Dutch Rome, from Middle Dutch rome.

### Proper noun

Rome
* Rome (a city, the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio).
* Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
* ancient Rome; the former Roman Empire
    Synonyms: Romeinse Ryk, Romeinse Keiserryk

#### Related terms

* Romaan
* Romaans
* roman
* romanesk
* romans
* romantiek
* romanties
* Romein
* Romeins

## Dutch
### Etymology

* (capital of Italy) From Middle Dutch rome.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Rome in 1830-1855. Named after the Italian city, allegedly because many Roman artefacts were found there.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.mə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Ro‧me
* Rhymes: -oːmə

### Proper noun

Rome n
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)
* Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
* A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: Rome

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* moer, more, roem

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English Rome.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrome/, [ˈro̞me̞]
* IPA: /ˈrou̯m/, [ˈro̞u̯m]
* Rhymes: -ome
* Hyphenation: Ro‧me

### Proper noun

Rome
* Rome (any of a number of localities in USA or elsewhere)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of Rome (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Romeni
accusative
nom.
Romeni
gen.
Romeni
genitive
Romeni
partitive
Romeani
inessive
Romessani
elative
Romestani
illative
Romeeni
adessive
Romellani
ablative
Romeltani
allative
Romelleni
essive
Romenani
translative
Romekseni
abessive
Romettani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Romesi
accusative
nom.
Romesi
gen.
Romesi
genitive
Romesi
partitive
Romeasi
inessive
Romessasi
elative
Romestasi
illative
Romeesi
adessive
Romellasi
ablative
Romeltasi
allative
Romellesi
essive
Romenasi
translative
Romeksesi
abessive
Romettasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Romemme
accusative
nom.
Romemme
gen.
Romemme
genitive
Romemme
partitive
Romeamme
inessive
Romessamme
elative
Romestamme
illative
Romeemme
adessive
Romellamme
ablative
Romeltamme
allative
Romellemme
essive
Romenamme
translative
Romeksemme
abessive
Romettamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Romenne
accusative
nom.
Romenne
gen.
Romenne
genitive
Romenne
partitive
Romeanne
inessive
Romessanne
elative
Romestanne
illative
Romeenne
adessive
Romellanne
ablative
Romeltanne
allative
Romellenne
essive
Romenanne
translative
Romeksenne
abessive
Romettanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Romensa
accusative
nom.
Romensa
gen.
Romensa
genitive
Romensa
partitive
Romeaan Romeansa
inessive
Romessaan Romessansa
elative
Romestaan Romestansa
illative
Romeensa
adessive
Romellaan Romellansa
ablative
Romeltaan Romeltansa
allative
Romelleen Romellensa
essive
Romenaan Romenansa
translative
Romekseen Romeksensa
abessive
Romettaan Romettansa
instructive
comitative

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁɔm/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: rhum, ROM

### Proper noun

Rome f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)
* Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)

#### Derived terms

* à Rome, fais comme les Romains
* Nouvelle Rome
* Rome antique
* Rome ne s’est pas faite en un jour
* tous les chemins mènent à Rome

#### Descendants

* → Guianese Creole: Ròm
* → Haitian Creole: Wòm
* → Persian: رم (rom)
* → Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

### Anagrams

* more, More, orme

## Friulian
### Proper noun

Rome f
* Rome

#### Related terms

* roman
* romanesc

## Italian
### Proper noun

Rome f
* plural of Roma
    le due Rome, the two Romes

### Anagrams

* -mero, Remo, ermo, mero, more, orme, remo, remò

## Japanese
### Romanization

Rome
* Rōmaji transcription of ロメ

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

Romè
* locative singular of Ròmas / Rõmas (“Roman”)

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* Roome, Rombe, Rume, Room, Rom

### Etymology

From Old English Rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō, from Latin Rōma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroːm(ə)/, /ˈrɔːm(ə)/
* Rhymes: -oːm(ə), -ɔːm(ə)

### Proper noun

Rome
* Rome (a city, the capital of the Papacy; ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
** p. 1154, “AD 1129”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 87, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:ſe an ƿæſ ᵹehaten petruſ · he ƿæſ munec of clunni ·⁊ ƿeaſ boren of þa ricceſte men of rome · mid him helden ða of rome ·⁊ ſe duc of ſicilie ·One was called Peter; he was a monk from Cluny who was descended from Rome's most powerful men. The people of Rome and the duke of Sicily sided with him.
** c. 1382 (date written)​, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie. The Fyrst Boke.”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxxv, recto, column 1:But now I am removed from the cyte of Rome almoſt .V.C.M. paas, I am wythoute defence dampned to pꝛoscrepcion and to deathe […]But now I've been sent almost 500,000 paces from the city of Rome; I am without defence, sentenced to exile and death.
** c. 1386–1388 (date written)​, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Legende of Good Women: The Legende of Lucresse of Rome”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxv, verso, column 2:Ne never was ther king in Rome towne / Syns thilke day, ⁊ ſhe was holden there […]There was never a king in Rome after that day, and she was seen there […]
* The Roman Empire.

#### Descendants

* English: Rome
* Scots: Roum, Rome

#### References

* “Rọ̄me, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-01.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.me/

### Proper noun

Rōme
* accusative/genitive/dative singular of Rōm

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)

### Etymology

From Latin Rōma.

### Proper noun

Rome
* Rome (a city, the capital of the Papacy; ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

#### Descendants

* French: Rome
** → Guianese Creole: Ròm
** → Haitian Creole: Wòm
** → Persian: رم (rom)
** → Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
* Norman: Rome
* Picard: Rome
* Walloon: Rome

## Walloon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʀɔm/

### Proper noun

Rome
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)