# 恕

| 恕 | U+6055, &#24661; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6055 |
| ← 恔 [U+6054] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恖 → [U+6056] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女口心 (VRP), four-corner 4633$_0$, composition ⿱如心)

#### Derived characters

* 𫉅

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10560
* Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6055

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hnjas): phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shù (shu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): su
    (Hailu, HRS): shu$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr / sì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): su$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^3$
*** Yale: syu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su
*** Hakka Romanization System: su
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /su⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /søy²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ̍
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
*** Tâi-lô: sù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sux
*** IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
*** Tâi-lô: sìr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
*** Tâi-lô: sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: six
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: su$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sù
*** Sinological IPA : /su²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: syoH
Rime :
| Character | 恕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 商署切 |
| Baxter | syoH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥a-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hnjas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 恕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥a-s/ |
| English | indulgent |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9622 |
| Phonetic component | 女 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恕 |
| Old Chinese | /*hnjas/ |

### Definitions

恕
* to show consideration for others; to put oneself in someone's shoes
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Yǒu yī yán ér kě yǐ zhōngshēn xíng zhī zhě hū?” Zǐ yuē: “Qí shù hū! Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén.” [Pinyin]
    Zi Gong asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not RECIPROCITY / EMPATHY such a word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."
* to forgive; to pardon; to show mercy
    饒恕／饶恕 ― ráoshù ― to forgive; to pardon
* excuse me
    恕我直言 ― shùwǒzhíyán ― Excuse me for speaking bluntly.
       Liù suì yǐxià értóng shù bù zhāodài. [Pinyin]
       Children six and below will not be received, excuse us.

### Compounds

* 乞恕 (qǐshù)
* 仁恕
* 宥恕
* 容恕 (róngshù)
* 寬恕 / 宽恕 (kuānshù)
* 忠恕 (zhōngshù)
* 恕宥 (shùyòu)
* 恕己及人
* 恕己及物
* 恕罪 (shùzuì)
* 恕道 (shùdào)
* 情恕理遣
* 明恕
* 郭忠恕
* 饒恕 / 饶恕 (ráoshù)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01349
* “恕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Query for 恕”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* Lippiello, Tiziana. (2010). “A Confucian Adage for Life: Empathy (Shu) in the Analects.” In Light a Candle: Encounters and Friendship with China. Festschrift in Honour of Angelo Lazzarotto P.I.M.E., edited by Roman Malek S.V.D. and Gianni Criveller. Sankt Augustin: Monumenta Serica.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan’yō-on: じょ (jo)
* Kun: おもいやる (omoiyaru, 恕る)、ゆるす (yurusu, 恕す)
* Nanori: はかる (hakaru)

#### Derived terms

* 恕(じょ)する (josuru): to forgive; to pardon; to excuse

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 恕
* はかる Jinmeiyō
* nanori
* (Tokyo) はかる [háꜜkàrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ha̠ka̠ɾɯ̟]

### Proper noun

恕(はかる) • (Hakaru)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

恕 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

恕: Hán Việt readings: thứ
恕: Nôm readings: thứ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation