# 救

| 救 | U+6551, &#25937; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6551 |
| ← 敐 [U+6550] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 敒 → [U+6552] |

## Translingual
### Han character

救 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈水人大 (IEOK), four-corner 4814$_0$, composition ⿰求攵)

#### Derived characters

* 𭛾, 𭫣, 𰪔, 慦, 𤨣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13221
* Dae Jaweon: page 823, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1460, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6551

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 救 | *kus |
| 求 | *ɡu |
| 球 | *ɡu |
| 逑 | *ɡu |
| 賕 | *ɡu |
| 蛷 | *ɡu |
| 莍 | *ɡu |
| 殏 | *ɡu |
| 梂 | *ɡu |
| 俅 | *ɡu |
| 脙 | *ɡu, *qʰu |
| 絿 | *ɡu |
| 銶 | *ɡu |
| 毬 | *ɡu |
| 捄 | *ɡu, *ko |
| 觩 | *ɡu |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kus): phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu) + semantic 攴.

### Etymology

Likely cognate with 求 (OC *ɡu, “to ask, seek”), Burmese ကူ (ku, “to help”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiù (jiu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiū
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau$^3$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gaau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): giu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiu
    (Hailu, HRS): giu$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jiou$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): giù
* Eastern Min (BUC): géu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): giu$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giu$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): giu$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gau$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$cieu / $^5$ciu / $^5$ciou
** (Jinhua): $^5$cieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$
*** Yale: jyòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jiū
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɤu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$
*** Yale: gau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: gaau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kau³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: giu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiu³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiu
*** Hakka Romanization System: giu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯u⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiu¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiu⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jiou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giù
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: géu
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛu²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: giu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù
*** Tâi-lô: kiù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giu$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiù
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu²¹³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: giu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiu²¹/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: gau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kəu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cieu
*** MiniDict: cieu$^去$
*** MiniDict: ciu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ciɯ³⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕiɵ³³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʏ⁵²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕiəu³³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiø⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiɤ³³/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiʏ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiading)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ciu
*** MiniDict: ciu$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕy³⁴/
** (Northern: Changzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ciou
*** MiniDict: ciou$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡ɕiɤɯ⁵²³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cieu
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕiu⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jiou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 救 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居祐切 |
| Baxter | kjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.k(r)u-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 救 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.k(r)u-s/ |
| English | help, save |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 救 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10559 |
| Phonetic component | 求 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 救 |
| Old Chinese | /*kus/ |

### Definitions

救
* to aid; to support
* to save; to rescue
       Zhǐyǒu mínzhǔzhǔyì nénggòu jiù Zhōngguó. [Pinyin]
       Only democracy can save China.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to prohibit; to forbid
    女弗能救與？／女弗能救与？ ― Nǚ fú néng jiù yǔ? ― Could you not stop him?

#### Synonyms

* (to aid):
* 佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
* 使勁 / 使劲 (shǐjìn)
* 加勢 / 加势 (jiāshì)
* 助 (zhù)
* 助力 (zhùlì)
* 助理 (zhùlǐ)
* 助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
* 匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
* 協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
* 參佐 / 参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
* 增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
* 幫 / 帮 (bāng)
* 幫助 / 帮助 (bāngzhù)
* 幫同 / 帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
* 幫寸 / 帮寸 (bāngcùn)
* 幫帶 / 帮带 (bāngdài)
* 幫忙 / 帮忙 (bāngmáng)
* 幫手 / 帮手 (bong$^1$ sau$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 幫扶 / 帮扶 (bāngfú)
* 幫襯 / 帮衬 (bāngchèn)
* 幫贈 / 帮赠 (Hokkien)
* 扶
* 扶助 (fúzhù)
* 扶持 (fúchí)
* 扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
* 拉巴 (dialectal)
* 挺 (tǐng)
* 援助 (yuánzhù)
* 𢯭手 (Hakka)
* 支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
* 支持 (zhīchí)
* 支援 (zhīyuán)
* 相幫 / 相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
* 相輔 / 相辅 (Teochew)
* 翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 聲援 / 声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
* 臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
* 補益 / 补益 (bǔyì)
* 補臺 / 补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
* 贈力 / 赠力 (Hokkien)
* 贈助 / 赠助 (Hokkien)
* 贊喙 / 赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
* 贈手 / 赠手 (Hokkien)
* 贊聲 / 赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
* 輔助 / 辅助 (fǔzhù)
* 陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 鬥幫贈 / 斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
* 鬥相共 / 斗相共 (Hokkien)
* 鬥跤手 / 斗跤手 (Hokkien)
* 鬥跤搭 / 斗跤搭 (Hokkien)
* (to save):
* 周濟 / 周济 (zhōujì)
* 成濟 / 成济 (chéngjì) (literary)
* 拯救 (zhěngjiù)
* 挽救 (wǎnjiù)
* 接助 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 接濟 / 接济 (jiējì)
* 援手 (yuánshǒu) (literary)
* 搭救 (dājiù)
* 搶救 / 抢救 (qiǎngjiù)
* 救助 (jiùzhù)
* 救拯 (jiùzhěng) (literary)
* 救援 (jiùyuán)
* 救濟 / 救济 (jiùjì)
* 營救 / 营救 (yíngjiù)
* 補救 / 补救 (bǔjiù)
* 解救 (jiějiù)
* 馳援 / 驰援 (chíyuán) (to rush to the rescue)
* (to prohibit):
* 不准 (bùzhǔn)
* 不許 / 不许 (bùxǔ)
* 制止 (zhìzhǐ)
* 勿許 / 勿许 ($^8$veq-shiu) (Wu)
* 取締 / 取缔 (qǔdì)
* 唔准 (m$^4$ zeon$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 嚴禁 / 严禁 (yánjìn) (to strictly forbid)
* 抑止 (yìzhǐ)
* 毋准 (Min Nan)
* 禁制 (jìnzhì)
* 禁止 (jìnzhǐ)
* 禁絕 / 禁绝 (jìnjué)
* 遏制 (èzhì)
* 遏止 (èzhǐ)

### Compounds

* 不可救藥 / 不可救药 (bùkějiùyào)
* 以水救水
* 以火救火
* 傾身營救 / 倾身营救
* 公共救助
* 匍匐之救
* 匡君救主 (kuāngjūnjiùzhǔ)
* 匡救 (kuāngjiù)
* 同惡相救 / 同恶相救
* 同憂相救 / 同忧相救
* 呼救 (hūjiù)
* 圍魏救趙 / 围魏救赵 (wéiwèijiùzhào)
* 失業救助 / 失业救助
* 失業救濟 / 失业救济
* 引足救經 / 引足救经
* 從井救人 / 从井救人
* 得救 (déjiù)
* 急救 (jíjiù)
* 急救包 (jíjiùbāo)
* 急救法 (jíjiùfǎ)
* 打救 (dǎjiù)
* 扶危救困
* 拔救
* 抱薪救火 (bàoxīn-jiùhuǒ)
* 抱薪救焚
* 披麻救火
* 拯救 (zhěngjiù)
* 拯溺救焚
* 挽救 (wǎnjiù)
* 振救
* 捨命救人 / 舍命救人
* 捨己救人 / 舍己救人
* 搜救 (sōujiù)
* 援救 (yuánjiù)
* 搭救 (dājiù)
* 搶救 / 抢救 (qiǎngjiù)
* 撲救 / 扑救 (pūjiù)
* 收救
* 救世 (jiùshì)
* 救世主 (jiùshìzhǔ)
* 救世軍 / 救世军 (Jiùshìjūn)
* 救亡 (jiùwáng)
* 救亡圖存 / 救亡图存 (jiùwángtúcún)
* 救人 (jiùrén)
* 救兵 (jiùbīng)
* 救助 (jiùzhù)
* 救助金 (jiùzhùjīn)
* 救取
* 救命 (jiùmìng)
* 救命之恩 (jiùmìngzhī'ēn)
* 救困扶危 (jiù kùn fúwēi)
* 救國 / 救国 (jiùguó)
* 救國團 / 救国团
* 救度 (jiùdù)
* 救急 (jiùjí)
* 救應 / 救应 (jiùyìng)
* 救拔
* 救援 (jiùyuán)
* 救搭
* 救星 (jiùxīng)
* 救死扶傷 / 救死扶伤 (jiùsǐfúshāng)
* 救民水火
* 救治 (jiùzhì)
* 救活 (jiùhuó)
* 救濟 / 救济 (jiùjì)
* 救濟金 / 救济金 (jiùjìjīn)
* 救濟院 / 救济院
* 救火 (jiùhuǒ)
* 救火員 / 救火员
* 救火投薪
* 救火揚沸 / 救火扬沸
* 救火栓
* 救火機 / 救火机
* 救火車 / 救火车 (jiùhuǒchē)
* 救災 / 救灾 (jiùzāi)
* 救災恤患 / 救灾恤患
* 救焚拯溺
* 救生 (jiùshēng)
* 救生員 / 救生员 (jiùshēngyuán)
* 救生圈 (jiùshēngquān)
* 救生筏 (jiùshēngfá)
* 救生船 (jiùshēngchuán)
* 救生艇 (jiùshēngtǐng)
* 救生衣 (jiùshēngyī)
* 救經引足 / 救经引足
* 救總 / 救总
* 救苦救難 / 救苦救难
* 救荒 (jiùhuāng)
* 救藥 / 救药 (jiùyào)
* 救解
* 救護 / 救护 (jiùhù)
* 救護站 / 救护站
* 救護車 / 救护车 (jiùhùchē)
* 救贖 / 救赎 (jiùshú)
* 救過不贍 / 救过不赡
* 救過補闕 / 救过补阙
* 救難 / 救难 (jiùnàn)
* 救難船 / 救难船
* 救風塵 / 救风尘
* 救駕 / 救驾 (jiùjià)
* 普救 (pǔjiù)
* 普救寺
* 有救 (yǒujiù)
* 殺身救國 / 杀身救国
* 求救 (qiújiù)
* 海上救難 / 海上救难
* 潑油救火 / 泼油救火 (pōyóujiùhuǒ)
* 濟世救人 / 济世救人
* 灌救
* 災害救濟 / 灾害救济
* 無可救藥 / 无可救药 (wúkějiùyào)
* 無藥可救 / 无药可救 (wúyàokějiù)
* 營救 / 营救 (yíngjiù)
* 獲救 / 获救 (huòjiù)
* 現金救助 / 现金救助
* 申救
* 目蓮救母 / 目莲救母
* 相救 (xiāngjiù)
* 矜貧救厄 / 矜贫救厄
* 社會救助 / 社会救助
* 社會救濟 / 社会救济
* 答救
* 緹縈救父 / 缇萦救父
* 自力救濟 / 自力救济 (zìlì jiùjì)
* 自救 (zìjiù)
* 自救不暇
* 行政救濟 / 行政救济
* 補偏救弊 / 补偏救弊 (bǔpiānjiùbì)
* 補救 / 补救 (bǔjiù)
* 補救教學 / 补救教学
* 見死不救 / 见死不救 (jiànsǐbùjiù)
* 見溺不救 / 见溺不救
* 解救 (jiějiù)
* 討救 / 讨救
* 討救兵 / 讨救兵
* 負薪救火 / 负薪救火
* 貧民救助 / 贫民救助
* 遇救
* 醫時救弊 / 医时救弊
* 首尾相救

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 救(きゅう) (kyū)
* → Korean: 구(救) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: cứu (救)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* salvation
* save
* help
* rescue
* reclaim

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: すくう (sukuu, 救う, Jōyō)、すくい (sukui)

## Korean
### Hanja

救 (eumhun 건질 구 (geonjil gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“save, rescue, relieve”)
* hanja form of 구 (“help, aid”)

#### Compounds

* 구원 (救援, guwon, “rescue, salvation”)
* 구출 (救出, guchul, “rescue”)
* 구제 (救濟, guje, “help, relief”)
* 구조 (救助, gujo, “rescue”)
* 구급 (救急, gugeup, “first aid”)
* 구급차 (救急車, gugeupcha, “ambulance”)
* 구급상자 (救急箱子, gugeupsangja, “first-aid kit”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

救: Hán Việt readings: cứu
* chữ Hán form of cứu (“to help”).