# 蔚

| 蔚 | U+851A, &#34074; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-851A |
| ← 蔙 [U+8519] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蔛 → [U+851B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蔚 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸火戈 (TSFI), four-corner 4424$_0$, composition ⿱艹尉)

#### Derived characters

* 𣞨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1054, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31805
* Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3285, character 12
* Unihan data for U+851A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 尉 | *quds, *qud |
| 熨 | *quds, *quns, *qud |
| 慰 | *quds |
| 罻 | *quds |
| 犚 | *quds |
| 蔚 | *quds, *qud |
| 螱 | *quds |
| 褽 | *quds |
| 鳚 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *quds, *qud): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 尉 (OC *quds, *qud).

### Etymology 1

Probably related to 鬱 (OC *qud, “a kind of fragrant herb”) (Unger, 1992).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^3$
*** Yale: wai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jw+jH, 'jut
Rime :
| Character | 蔚 | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於胃切 | 紆物切 |
| Baxter | 'jw+jH | 'jut |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉi$^H$/ | /ʔɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷɨi$^H$/ | /ʔiut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuəi$^H$/ | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuj$^H$/ | /ʔut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuəi$^H$/ | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwəi$^H$/ | /ĭuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔwe̯i$^H$/ | /ʔi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi | yu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^3$ | wat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔut-s/, /*ʔut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*quds/, /*qud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蔚 | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wèi | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjwɨj$^H$ › | ‹ ʔjut › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔut-s/ | /*ʔut/ |
| English | Artemisia | Artemisia |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔚 | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12956 | 12963 |
| Phonetic component | 尉 | 尉 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尉 | 鬱 |
| Old Chinese | /*quds/ | /*qud/ |
| Notes | | 見張衡賦 |

#### Definitions

蔚
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Artemisia japonica
    Synonym: 牡蒿 (mǔhāo)

#### Compounds

* 茺蔚 (chōngwèi)

### Etymology 2

Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ói
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hui$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ùi / ùiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^3$
*** Yale: wai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ói
*** Sinological IPA : /ui²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hui⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ùi
*** Tâi-lô: uì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ùiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: uìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: vuix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uĩ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uè
*** Sinological IPA : /ue²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jw+jH
Rime :
| Character | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於胃切 |
| Baxter | 'jw+jH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔwe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*quds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12956 |
| Phonetic component | 尉 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尉 |
| Old Chinese | /*quds/ |

##### Definitions

蔚
* (literary, of vegetation) exuberant; luxuriant; lush
* (literary) grand; magnificent
* (literary) ornate; elaborate
* (literary, of mist) permeating

##### Compounds

* 岑蔚
* 岪蔚
* 彬蔚
* 炳蔚
* 蔚成
* 蔚映
* 蔚為大觀 / 蔚为大观 (wèiwéidàguān)
* 蔚為奇觀 / 蔚为奇观 (wèiwéiqíguān)
* 蔚然 (wèirán)
* 蔚然成風 / 蔚然成风 (wèiránchéngfēng)
* 蔚藍 / 蔚蓝 (wèilán)
* 蔚起
* 薈蔚 / 荟蔚
* 彪蔚
* 豐蔚 / 丰蔚
* 離離蔚蔚 / 离离蔚蔚
* 雲蒸霞蔚 / 云蒸霞蔚
* 雲興霞蔚 / 云兴霞蔚

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wat$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wat$^1$
*** Yale: wāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐt̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'jut
Rime :
| Character | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紆物切 |
| Baxter | 'jut |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qud/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12963 |
| Phonetic component | 尉 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鬱 |
| Old Chinese | /*qud/ |
| Notes | 見張衡賦 |

##### Definitions

蔚
* Alternative form of 鬱 / 郁 (yù, “depressed; pent-up”)
    蔚蔚 ― yùyù ― gloomy

##### Compounds

* 蔚結 / 蔚结 (yùjié)
* 蔚蔚 (yùyù)
* 蔚貼 / 蔚贴

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yù (Yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wat$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Ut
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ug$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yù
*** Wade–Giles: Yü$^4$
*** Yale: Yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yuh
*** Palladius: Юй (Juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wat$^1$
*** Yale: wāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐt̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ut
*** Tâi-lô: Ut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ud
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ut̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ut̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ug$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uk
*** Sinological IPA : /uk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: 'jut
Rime :
| Character | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紆物切 |
| Baxter | 'jut |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qud/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔚 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12963 |
| Phonetic component | 尉 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鬱 |
| Old Chinese | /*qud/ |
| Notes | 見張衡賦 |

#### Definitions

蔚
* a surname
* Used in place names.

#### Compounds

* 蔚山
* 蔚縣 / 蔚县 (Yùxiàn)

### References

* “蔚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): うつ (utsu)、い (i)
* Kun: おとこよもぎ (otokoyomogi)

## Korean
### Hanja

蔚 • (ul, wi) (hangeul 울, 위, revised ul, wi, McCune–Reischauer ul, wi, Yale wul, wi)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蔚: Hán Việt readings: uất, úy/uý
* animated; energetic.

### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).