# 千秋
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiānqiū
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ ㄑㄧㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cin$^1$ cau$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhian-chhiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiānqiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ ㄑㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cianciou
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^1$-chʻiu$^1$
*** Yale: chyān-chyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianchiou
*** Palladius: цяньцю (cjanʹcju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cin$^1$ cau$^1$
*** Yale: chīn chāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsin$^1$ tsau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qin$^1$ ceo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$千秋 韆鞦 / 千秋
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-chhiu
*** Tâi-lô: tshian-tshiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chienchiw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn³³ t͡sʰiu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshen tshjuw
Rime :
| Character | 千 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 蒼先切 | 七由切 |
| Baxter | tshen | tshjuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰen/ | /t͡sʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰen/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛn/ | /t͡sʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛn/ | /t͡sʰuw/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰen/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰien/ | /t͡sʰĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰien/ | /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiān | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cin$^1$ | cau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.n̥ˤi[ŋ] tsʰiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sn̥ʰiːn sʰɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 千 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiān | qiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshen › | ‹ tshjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.n̥ˁi[ŋ]/ | /*tsʰiw/ |
| English | thousand | autumn; crop |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 千 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10792 | 10537 |
| Phonetic component | 人 | 秋 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 千 | 秋 |
| Old Chinese | /*sn̥ʰiːn/ | /*sʰɯw/ |
| Notes | 小徐人聲，甲文乃借人加一 | |

#### Noun

千秋
* thousand years; millennium; (figurative) a very long time
* (honorific) birthday (of an elderly person)
* strength; advantage

##### Synonyms

* (thousand years):
* 千年 (qiānnián)
* 千春 (qiānchūn) (literary)
* 千紀 / 千纪 (qiānjì)
* (birthday):
* 千春 (qiānchūn) (literary, of an elderly person)
* 壽誕 / 寿诞 (shòudàn) (of an elderly person)
* 壽辰 / 寿辰 (shòuchén) (of an elderly person)
* 生日 (shēngrì)
* 生朝 (shēngzhāo) (literary)
* 生辰 (shēngchén) (literary)
* 誕辰 / 诞辰 (dànchén) (honorific)
* 賤降 / 贱降 (jiànjiàng) (literary, humble)
* (strength):
* 優點 / 优点 (yōudiǎn)
* 專業 / 专业 (zhuānyè)
* 專長 / 专长 (zhuāncháng)
* 所長 / 所长 (suǒcháng)
* 特長 / 特长 (tècháng)
* 長處 / 长处 (chángchù)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “strength”):
* 弊害 (bìhài)
* 弊病 (bìbìng)
* 弊端 (bìduān)
* 欠缺 (qiànquē)
* 毛病 (máobìng)
* 短處 / 短处 (duǎnchu)
* 缺失 (quēshī)
* 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
* 缺陷 (quēxiàn)
* 缺點 / 缺点 (quēdiǎn)
* 陷 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)

##### Derived terms

* 千秋佳城
* 千秋萬世 / 千秋万世 (qiānqiūwànshì)
* 千秋萬代 / 千秋万代 (qiānqiūwàndài)
* 千秋萬古 / 千秋万古 (qiānqiūwàngǔ)
* 千秋萬歲 / 千秋万岁 (qiānqiūwànsuì)
* 千秋節 / 千秋节
* 各有千秋 (gèyǒuqiānqiū)
* 大業千秋 / 大业千秋
* 百歲千秋 / 百岁千秋
* 萬代千秋 / 万代千秋 (wàndàiqiānqiū)
* 萬古千秋 / 万古千秋 (wàngǔqiānqiū)
* 萬壽千秋 / 万寿千秋
* 萬歲千秋 / 万岁千秋
* 萬載千秋 / 万载千秋 (wànzǎiqiānqiū)
* 英烈千秋
* 貽笑千秋 / 贻笑千秋

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 千秋 – see 韆鞦 (“swing”). (This term is the simplified form of 韆鞦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term :
| 千 | 秋 |
| せん Grade: 1 | しゅう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* (Tokyo) せんしゅう [sèńshúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨː]

#### Noun

千(せん)秋(しゅう) • (senshū)
* a thousand years; long years
* Short for 千秋万歳 (senshū banzei).

### Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term :
| 千 | 秋 |
| ち Grade: 1 | あき Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* IPA: [t͡ɕia̠kʲi]

#### Proper noun

千(ち)秋(あき) • (Chiaki)
* a male or female given name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 千 | 秋 |

### Noun

千秋 • (cheonchu) (hangeul 천추)
* hanja form of 천추

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 千 | 秋 |

### Noun

千秋
* chữ Hán form of thiên thu.