# 邪

| 邪 | U+90AA, &#37034; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90AA |
| ← 邩 [U+90A9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 邫 → [U+90AB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

邪 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+4 in Chinese, 邑+5 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一竹弓中 (MHNL), four-corner 1722$_7$, composition ⿰牙阝)

#### Derived characters

* 𬾈, 峫, 捓, 𤞡, 㭨, 琊, 鋣(铘), 𡌯, 𡜹, 𭜺, 䓉, 𤕓, 𥦢, 𥭕, 𲀯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1269, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39319
* Dae Jaweon: page 1768, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3758, character 4
* Unihan data for U+90AA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 邪
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 邪 | *ljaː, *laː |
| 衺 | *ljaː |
| 牙 | *ŋraː |
| 芽 | *ŋraː |
| 齖 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 呀 | *ŋraː, *hŋraː |
| 枒 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 雅 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 厊 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 庌 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 訝 | *ŋraːs |
| 迓 | *ŋraːs |
| 砑 | *ŋraːs |
| 犽 | *ŋraːs |
| 疨 | *hŋraː |
| 岈 | *hŋraː |
| 谺 | *hŋraː |
| 颬 | *hŋraː |
| 鴉 | *qraː |
| 釾 | *laː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljaː, *laː): phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 邑 (“town; city”).
The semantic component suggests that this character was originally used in a place name, which Shuowen suggests to be 琅邪. It was later borrowed for other meanings, the most prominent being “wrong; evil” (originally written as 衺).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xié, xiá (xie$^2$, xia$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ, ㄒㄧㄚˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xie$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ce$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tie$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xia$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sià
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xia$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ciǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sià
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siâ / siê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sia$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhia
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sie$^2$ / zia$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xié
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sié
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^2$
*** Yale: syé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, rare literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siá
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^2$
*** Yale: syá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xie$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xie
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ce$^4$
*** Yale: chèh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tse$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cé$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɛ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xia$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕia³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sià
*** Hakka Romanization System: xia$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯a¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sia¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sia²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sià
*** Sinological IPA : /sia⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâ
*** Tâi-lô: siâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia²³/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /sia²¹³/
*** IPA (Longyan): /sia¹¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Changtai, Taipei): /sia²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siê
*** Tâi-lô: siê
*** IPA (Longyan): /sie¹¹/
* Longyan:
** siâ - vernacular;
** siê - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit邪 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɛ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiɛ²²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /siə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /siɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕie²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /sie²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ʑia²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ziɑ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiɑ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zei³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sie¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /siɒ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sia¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /siɑ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰe²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sia³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sia⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sia²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sia⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /se³¹/ /tia³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjae
Rime :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似嗟切 |
| Baxter | zjae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zia/ |
| Li Rong | /zia/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ce$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.ɢA/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə.ɢA/ |
| English | awry |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 14175 |
| Phonetic component | 牙 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 衺 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljaː/ |

#### Definitions

邪
* wrong; evil; depraved; vicious; perverse; heterodox
    邪念 ― xiéniàn ― evil thought
* unnatural; strange
* disaster; calamity
* (traditional Chinese medicine) unwholesome environmental factor; pathogenetic factor
    風邪／风邪 ― fēngxié ― pathogenic influence; cold
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 斜 (“tilted; inclined”)
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 邪 (MC yae)

#### Compounds

* 中邪 (zhòngxié)
* 八邪
* 去邪從正 / 去邪从正
* 去邪歸正 / 去邪归正
* 反邪歸正 / 反邪归正
* 回邪
* 天真無邪 / 天真无邪 (tiānzhēnwúxié)
* 奸邪 (jiānxié)
* 妖術邪法 / 妖术邪法
* 妖邪 (yāoxié)
* 姦盜邪淫 / 奸盗邪淫
* 姦邪 / 奸邪 (jiānxié)
* 官邪
* 崇正黜邪
* 忿世嫉邪
* 思無邪 / 思无邪
* 憤世嫉邪 / 愤世嫉邪
* 憸邪 / 𪫺邪
* 扶正黜邪
* 改邪歸正 / 改邪归正 (gǎixiéguīzhèng)
* 放邪火
* 棄邪從正 / 弃邪从正
* 棄邪歸正 / 弃邪归正
* 正直無邪 / 正直无邪
* 歪心邪意
* 歪門邪道 / 歪门邪道
* 歪風邪氣 / 歪风邪气
* 氛邪
* 水性隨邪 / 水性随邪
* 洞燭姦邪 / 洞烛奸邪
* 洿邪
* 淫邪
* 無邪 / 无邪 (wúxié)
* 狎邪 (xiáxié)
* 異端邪說 / 异端邪说
* 目不邪視 / 目不邪视 (mù bù xiéshì)
* 矯邪歸正 / 矫邪归正
* 破邪論序 / 破邪论序
* 破邪顯正 / 破邪显正
* 舍正從邪 / 舍正从邪
* 虛邪 / 虚邪
* 辟邪 (bìxié)
* 避邪 (bìxié)
* 邪不勝正 / 邪不胜正 (xiébùshèngzhèng)
* 邪不干正 (xiébùgānzhèng)
* 邪世 (xiéshì)
* 邪佞
* 邪偽 / 邪伪
* 邪僻 (xiépì)
* 邪徑 / 邪径
* 邪心 (xiéxīn)
* 邪念 (xiéniàn)
* 邪惡 / 邪恶 (xié'è)
* 邪教 (xiéjiào)
* 邪曲
* 邪氣 / 邪气 (xiéqì)
* 邪法
* 邪派
* 邪皮
* 邪眼
* 邪神 (xiéshén)
* 邪祟 (xiésuì)
* 邪視 / 邪视 (xiéshì)
* 邪臣
* 邪行
* 邪術 / 邪术 (xiéshù)
* 邪說 / 邪说 (xiéshuō)
* 邪說異端 / 邪说异端
* 邪謀 / 邪谋
* 邪路 (xiélù)
* 邪道 (xiédào)
* 邪道兒 / 邪道儿
* 邪門 / 邪门 (xiémén)
* 邪門歪道 / 邪门歪道 (xiéménwāidào)
* 邪靈 / 邪灵 (xiélíng)
* 邪魔 (xiémó)
* 邪魔外道
* 鎮邪 / 镇邪
* 鎮邪物 / 镇邪物
* 閑邪存誠 / 闲邪存诚
* 闢邪 / 辟邪
* 隨邪 / 随邪
* 風邪 / 风邪 (fēngxié)
* 驅邪 / 驱邪 (qūxié)
* 鬼隨邪 / 鬼随邪

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yé, yá (ye$^2$, ya$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˊ, ㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): je$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ia$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ya
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yé
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yé
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^2$
*** Yale: yé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ye
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yá
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yá
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^2$
*** Yale: yá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: je$^4$
*** Yale: yèh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: je$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yé$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâ
*** Tâi-lô: iâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ia²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ia²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ia²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ia$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâ
*** Sinological IPA : /ia⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ya
*** MiniDict: ya$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia²³/
* Middle Chinese: yae
Rime :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以遮切 |
| Baxter | yae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jia/ |
| Li Rong | /ia/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | je$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)A/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 3/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢ(r)A/ |
| English | 琅邪 (name of a mountain in Shāndōng) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14197 |
| Phonetic component | 牙 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 邪 |
| Old Chinese | /*laː/ |
| Notes | 俗作耶 |

#### Definitions

邪
* Only used in 琅邪, alternative form of 琅琊 (Lángyá)

#### Compounds

* 琅邪 (Lángyá)
* 琅邪山

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yé (ye$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): je$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yie$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ia$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ya
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yé
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yé
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^2$
*** Yale: yé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ye
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: je$^4$
*** Yale: yèh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: je$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yé$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiɛ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâ
*** Tâi-lô: iâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ia²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ia²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ia²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ia$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâ
*** Sinological IPA : /ia⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ya
*** MiniDict: ya$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia²³/
* Middle Chinese: yae
Rime :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以遮切 |
| Baxter | yae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jia/ |
| Li Rong | /ia/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | je$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)A/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ](r)A/ |
| English | (interrogative particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14197 |
| Phonetic component | 牙 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 邪 |
| Old Chinese | /*laː/ |
| Notes | 俗作耶 |

#### Definitions

邪
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 耶 (sentence-final interrogative particle)
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Qí zhèng sè yé? Qí yuǎn ér wú suǒ zhì jí yé? [Pinyin]
    Is its azure the proper colour of the sky? Or is it occasioned by its distance and illimitable extent?
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) The chant of labourers used for synchronized pulling, lifting, etc., similar to heigh-ho.
    From: 黃宗羲, 《明夷待訪錄·原臣》
    Fú zhì tiānxià yóu yè dà mù rán, qián zhě chàng yé, hòu zhě chàng xǔ. [Pinyin]
    Governing a country is like moving a heavy lumber. People in front chant yah, while people behind chant hoo.

#### Compounds

* 干將莫邪 (gānjiāng-mòyé)
* 昆邪
* 莫邪 (Mòyé)
* 邪呼
* 邪許 / 邪许

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xú (xu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xú
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syú
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^2$
*** Yale: syú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: zjae
Rime :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似嗟切 |
| Baxter | zjae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zia/ |
| Li Rong | /zia/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ce$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.la/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 邪 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjo › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə.la/ |
| English | walk slowly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

邪
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 徐 (xú, “slow”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qí xū qí xú? Jì jí zhǐjū! [Pinyin]
    Is it a time for delay? The urgency is extreme!

### Pronunciation 5

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yú (yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/

#### Definitions

邪
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 餘 / 余 (“remainder; remaining days”)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Guī yú yú zhōng, shì zé bù bèi. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Pronunciation 6

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shé (she$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shé
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shé
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^2$
*** Yale: shé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ³⁵/

#### Definitions

邪
* Only used in 歸邪／归邪.

### References

* “邪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 邪 |
| Kyūjitai | 邪󠄂 邪+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 邪󠄄 邪+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* wicked
* injustice
* wrong

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC zjae); compare Mandarin 邪 (xié):
* Go-on: じゃ (ja, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゃ (sha)
From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC yae); compare Mandarin 邪 (yé, yá):
* Go-on: や (ya)
* Kan-on: や (ya)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: か (ka, 邪)、よこしま (yokoshima, 邪)、よこしま (yokoshima, 邪ま)

#### Compounds

* 邪魔(じゃま) (jama)
* 風邪(かぜ) (kaze)
* 邪気(じゃき) (jaki)

#### Synonyms

* (evil): 奸

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “evil”): 正, 義 (righteous)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 邪
* よこしま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 横しま 邪ま
* (Tokyo) よこしま [yòkóshímá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ko̞ɕima̠]

### Adjective

邪(よこしま) • (yokoshima) -na (adnominal 邪(よこしま)な (yokoshima na), adverbial 邪(よこしま)に (yokoshima ni))
* evil, wicked
    邪(よこしま)な心(こころ)
       yokoshima na kokoro
       evil heart
* 横しま: horizontal

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 邪だろ | よこしまだろ | yokoshima daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 邪で | よこしまで | yokoshima de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 邪だ | よこしまだ | yokoshima da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 邪な | よこしまな | yokoshima na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 邪なら | よこしまなら | yokoshima nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 邪であれ | よこしまであれ | yokoshima de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 邪ではない 邪じゃない | よこしまではない よこしまじゃない | yokoshima de wa nai yokoshima ja nai |
| Informal past | 邪だった | よこしまだった | yokoshima datta |
| Informal negative past | 邪ではなかった 邪じゃなかった | よこしまではなかった よこしまじゃなかった | yokoshima de wa nakatta yokoshima ja nakatta |
| Formal | 邪です | よこしまです | yokoshima desu |
| Formal negative | 邪ではありません 邪じゃありません | よこしまではありません よこしまじゃありません | yokoshima de wa arimasen yokoshima ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 邪でした | よこしまでした | yokoshima deshita |
| Formal negative past | 邪ではありませんでした 邪じゃありませんでした | よこしまではありませんでした よこしまじゃありませんでした | yokoshima de wa arimasen deshita yokoshima ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 邪で | よこしまで | yokoshima de |
| Conditional | 邪なら（ば） | よこしまなら（ば） | yokoshima nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 邪だったら | よこしまだったら | yokoshima dattara |
| Volitional | 邪だろう | よこしまだろう | yokoshima darō |
| Adverbial | 邪に | よこしまに | yokoshima ni |
| Degree | 邪さ | よこしまさ | yokoshimasa |

### References

* ↑ “邪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2138 (paper), page 1121 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

邪 • (sa, ya) (hangeul 사, 야, revised sa, ya, McCune–Reischauer sa, ya, Yale sa, ya)
* cunning, sly, crafty, artful
* dislocated, out of joint, out of step, out of line
* deceive, cheat, trick, fool, swindle
* crooked, askew, slanted

#### Compounds

* 사술 (邪術, sasul)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

邪: Hán Nôm readings: tà, tá
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.