# 潘

| 潘 | U+6F58, &#28504; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F58 |
| ← 潗 [U+6F57] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 潙 → [U+6F59] |

## Translingual
### Han character

潘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水竹木田 (EHDW), four-corner 3216$_9$, composition ⿰氵番)

#### Derived characters

* 藩, 籓, 𤄤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18236
* Dae Jaweon: page 1058, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1745, character 10
* Unihan data for U+6F58

## Chinese

* 潘姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 潘氏 (Cantonese)
* 潘姓 (Gan)
* Phoaⁿ (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)
* Pan (surname) (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 皤 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 嶓 | *paːl |
| 番 | *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban |
| 播 | *paːls |
| 譒 | *paːls |
| 鄱 | *baːl |
| 潘 | *pʰaːn |
| 蟠 | *baːn, *ban |
| 磻 | *baːn |
| 蕃 | *pan, *ban |
| 轓 | *pan, *pʰan |
| 鱕 | *pan |
| 鐇 | *pan, *ban |
| 藩 | *pan, *ban |
| 籓 | *pan |
| 橎 | *panʔ |
| 翻 | *pʰan |
| 幡 | *pʰan |
| 飜 | *pʰan |
| 旛 | *pʰan, *ban |
| 繙 | *pʰan, *ban |
| 燔 | *ban |
| 蹯 | *ban |
| 膰 | *ban |
| 羳 | *ban |
| 鷭 | *ban |
| 璠 | *ban |
| 襎 | *ban |
| 墦 | *ban |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰaːn): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pān (pan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pun$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): pon$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phân
    (Hailu, HRS): pan$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): púing
* Eastern Min (BUC): păng / pŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pong$^1$ / puong$^1$ / pua$^1$ / puaⁿ$^1$ / puang$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phun / phoaⁿ / phoan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pung$^1$ / puan$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$phoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pān
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pan
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^1$
*** Yale: pān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pan
*** Palladius: пань (panʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pun$^1$
*** Yale: pūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pun$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: pon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰᵘɔn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phân
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: púing
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: păng / pŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* păng - surname;
* pŭng - slops.
* Middle Chinese: phan
Rime :
| Character | 潘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 普官切 |
| Baxter | phan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰwan/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰuɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰuɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 潘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2877 |
| Phonetic component | 番 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 潘 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaːn/ |

#### Definitions

潘
* (obsolete) water in which rice has been rinsed
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Qíjiān miàn gòu, xún pān qǐng huì. [Pinyin]
    If in the meantime their faces appear dirty, they should heat the wafer in which the rice has been cleaned, and ask them to wash with it.
* a surname
    潘愉 ― Pān Yú ― Florence Y. Pan (Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit)
    潘金蓮／潘金莲 ― Pān Jīnlián ― Pan Jinlian (fictional female character in Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei)
* Used in place names.
* (Greek mythology) Pan
* (Hokkien) slops; swill; hogwash
    潘水 [Hokkien] ― phun-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― slops

##### Synonyms

* (water in which rice has been rinsed): 米泔水 (mǐgānshuǐ), 洗米水 (xǐmǐshuǐ)； (Gan) 淘米水 (táomǐshuǐ); (Hokkien) 米潘, 洗米潘; (Northern Min, Xiang) 米潲水

##### Descendants

* → Korean: 반(潘) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: Phan (潘)
Others:
* → English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua
* → Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)
* → Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 喬勒潘 / 乔勒潘 (Qiáolèpān)
* 松潘 (Sōngpān)
* 潘口 (Pānkǒu)
* 潘塘 (Pāntáng)
* 潘家灣 / 潘家湾 (Pānjiāwān)
* 潘水
* 潘渡 (Pāndù)
* 潘瀾 / 潘澜
* 潘灡 / 潘𬉠

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pán (pan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pán
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pán
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^2$
*** Yale: pán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
*** Palladius: пань (panʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän³⁵/

#### Definitions

潘
* (obsolete) whirlpool

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fān (fan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fān
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fan
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

潘
* (obsolete, of water) to overflow

### References

* “潘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “潘”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* water in which rice has been washed

#### Readings

* Go-on: はん (han)
* Kan-on: はん (han)
* Kun: しろみず (shiromizu, 潘)

### Proper noun

潘(はん) • (Han)
* a surname

## Korean
### Hanja

潘 (eum 반 (ban)) 潘 (eum 번 (beon))
* hanja form of 반 (“a surname”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

潘: Hán Nôm readings: phan, Phan
* chữ Hán form of Phan (“a surname from Chinese”).
    潘佩珠 ― Phan Bội Châu