# 胳

| 胳 | U+80F3, &#33011; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80F3 |
| ← 胲 [U+80F2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 胴 → [U+80F4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

胳 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月竹水口 (BHER), four-corner 7726$_4$, composition ⿰月各)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 980, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29434
* Dae Jaweon: page 1432, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2070, character 4
* Unihan data for U+80F3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 胳
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːɡ): semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak.
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gē (ge$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaak$^3$ / gok$^3$ / lok$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koh / kok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaak$^3$ / gok$^3$ / lok$^3$
*** Yale: gaak / gok / lok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaak$^8$ / gok$^8$ / lok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gag$^3$ / gog$^3$ / log$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːk̚³/, /kɔːk̚³/, /lɔːk̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
*** Tâi-lô: koh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /koʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
*** Tâi-lô: kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²/
* koh - vernacular;
* kok - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kak
Rime :
| Character | 胳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古落切 |
| Baxter | kak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ge |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 胳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.q]ˁak/ |
| English | armpit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 胳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3882 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 各 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

胳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) armpit
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) arm
    胳膊 ― gēbo ― arm
    胳臂 ― gēbei ― arm

#### Compounds

* 捋胳膊
* 胳膊 (gēbo)
* 胳膝
* 胳臂
* 賣胳臂 / 卖胳臂
* 跨胳膊

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gé, gē (ge$^2$, ge$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ, ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaak$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gé
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gé
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^2$
*** Yale: gé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaak$^3$
*** Yale: gaak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːk̚³/

#### Definitions

胳
* Only used in 胳肢 (gézhi, “to tickle”).

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gā, gē
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄚ, ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaak$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gā
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ga
*** Wade–Giles: ka$^1$
*** Yale: gā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ga
*** Palladius: га (ga)
*** Sinological IPA : /kä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaak$^3$
*** Yale: gaak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːk̚³/

#### Definitions

胳
* Only used in 胳肢窩／胳肢窝 (gāzhiwō).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* armpit
* arms

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かく (kaku)、ぎゃく (gyaku)
* Kun: わき (waki, 胳)