# 赫

| 赫 | U+8D6B, &#36203; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D6B |
| ← 赪 [U+8D6A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 赬 → [U+8D6C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

赫 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土金土中金 (GCGLC), four-corner 4433$_1$, composition ⿰赤赤)

#### Derived characters

* 嚇, 懗, 𢷓, 㬨, 爀, 𥋿, 𮜜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1214, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37010
* Dae Jaweon: page 1682, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3508, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8D6B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 赫
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 浾 | *sqraː |
| 嚇 | *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ |
| 赦 | *hljaɡs |
| 郝 | *qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ |
| 赫 | *qʰraːɡ |
| 爀 | *qʰraːɡ |
| 赤 | *kʰljaɡ |
| 烾 | *kʰljaɡ |
| 螫 | *qʰjaːɡ |
| 赥 | *qʰleːɡ |
| 捇 | *qʰʷreːɡ |
| 焃 | *qʰʷreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰraːɡ): Duplication of 赤 (“red”), with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) acting as the phonetic component.

### Etymology 1

Related to 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) and 奭 (OC *hjaɡ).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hè (he$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haak$^1$ / hak$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hă̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): háik
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): heh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hek / hiak / herk
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêh$^4$ / hênh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$haq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hè
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hè
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$
*** Yale: hè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haak$^1$ / hak$^1$
*** Yale: hāak / hāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haak$^7$ / hak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hag$^1$ / heg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːk̚⁵/, /hɐk̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /xɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: háik
*** Sinological IPA : /haiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: heh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: heh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Anxi)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek
*** Tâi-lô: hik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: heg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiak
*** Tâi-lô: hiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Nan'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: herk
*** Tâi-lô: herk
*** IPA (Nan'an): /hək̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêh$^4$ / hênh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: heh / hehⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /heʔ²/, /hẽʔ²/
* hêh4 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
* hênh4 - Jieyang.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit赫 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xa¹³/ /xɯ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xe³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xəʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /haʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /həʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /hɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ha²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɛʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xə²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /hæ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hak̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hak̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hak̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /heʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: xaek
Rime :
| Character | 赫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 呼格切 |
| Baxter | xaek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xɐk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | he |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤrak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 赫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xaek › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁrak/ |
| English | red, fiery |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 赫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1474 |
| Phonetic component | 赤 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 赫 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰraːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

赫
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bright red
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bright; luminous
* distinguished; eminent; glorious; awe-inspiring
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to display; to show off
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 嚇 / 吓 (hè, “to frighten”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) angrily; furiously
* (physics) Short for 赫茲／赫兹 (Hèzī, “hertz”).
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 兆赫 (zhàohè)
* 千赫
* 史文赫丁
* 喧赫
* 塔納赫 / 塔纳赫 (Tǎnàhè)
* 巴赫 (Bāhè)
* 巴達赫尚 / 巴达赫尚 (Bādáhèshàng)
* 憚赫 / 惮赫
* 暵赫
* 曼赫頓 / 曼赫顿
* 烜赫
* 烜赫一時 / 烜赫一时
* 煥赫 / 焕赫
* 燻赫 / 熏赫
* 翕赫
* 聲勢赫赫 / 声势赫赫
* 薰赫
* 衣冠赫奕
* 赫丘利斯
* 赫吒
* 赫哲族 (Hèzhézú)
* 赫塞
* 赫奕
* 赫德
* 赫戲 / 赫戏
* 赫斯之威
* 赫斯之怒
* 赫斯特 (Hèsītè)
* 赫曦
* 赫本頭 / 赫本头
* 赫柏定律
* 赫然 (hèrán)
* 赫然有聲 / 赫然有声
* 赫爾辛基 / 赫尔辛基 (Hè'ěrxīnjī)
* 赫羲
* 赫胥氏
* 赫胥黎 (Hèxūlí)
* 赫茲 / 赫兹 (Hèzī)
* 赫赫 (hèhè)
* 赫赫之光
* 赫赫之功
* 赫赫之名
* 赫赫名流
* 赫赫揚揚 / 赫赫扬扬
* 赫赫有名 (hèhèyǒumíng)
* 赫赫炎炎
* 赫蹄
* 赫魯雪夫 / 赫鲁雪夫 (Hèlǔxuěfū)
* 輝赫 / 辉赫
* 門庭赫奕 / 门庭赫奕
* 雄雄赫赫
* 顯赫 / 显赫 (xiǎnhè)
* 馬赫 / 马赫 (Mǎhè)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): niah
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niah
*** Tâi-lô: niah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niaq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /niãʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /niãʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /niãʔ³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /niãʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /niãʔ³²/

#### Definitions

赫
* (Southern Min) to be frightened

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 赫 – see 遐 (“(Min Nan) so; that”). (This character is a variant form of 遐).

### References

* “赫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “赫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 88.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: きゃく (kyaku)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku)
* Kun: あかい (akai, 赫い)、かがやく (kagayaku, 赫く)

## Korean
### Hanja

赫 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, Yale hyek)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

赫: Hán Nôm readings: hách, hích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.