# 虹

| 虹 | U+8679, &#34425; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8679 |
| ← 虸 [U+8678] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 虺 → [U+867A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

虹 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 5111$_0$, composition ⿰虫工)

#### Derived characters

* 渱, 𬁅, 𫕩, 𬀒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1076, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
* Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2834, character 8
* Unihan data for U+8679

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虹 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Originally pictographic (象形) in the oracle bone script. The ancient Chinese regarded the rainbow as a two-headed creature.
In the seal script, it has become a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ): semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

### Etymology

Probably non-Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Mien *kluŋᴬ (“rainbow”), Thai รุ้ง (rúng, “rainbow”), Zhuang duzdoengz (“rainbow”), saidoengz (“rainbow”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Benedict (1986) and Carr (1990) relate this to 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) and 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ, “red”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hóng, jiàng, gàng (hong$^2$, jiang$^4$, gang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ, ㄐㄧㄤˋ, ㄍㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gang$^4$ / hong$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гон (gon, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung$^4$ / gong$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung$^3$ / kuung$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gong$^4$ / fung$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fùng
    (Hailu, HRS): kiung$^˖$ / fung
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fung$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jion$^2$ / hung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gô̤ng / ǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): kê̤ṳng / hùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng$^5$ / horng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khēng / khěng / hông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kêng$^6$ / hong$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kiang$^6$ / hong$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan$^4$ / hong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, literary, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^2$
*** Yale: húng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^4$
*** Yale: jyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gàng
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^4$
*** Yale: gàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gang$^4$ / hong$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gang / xung
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ²¹³/, /xoŋ²¹/
* gang4 - vernacular;
* hong2 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: huwng, kaewngH
Rime :
| Character | 虹 | 虹 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 戸公切 | 古巷切 |
| Baxter | huwng | kaewngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuŋ/ | /kˠʌŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuŋ/ | /kᵚɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuŋ/ | /kɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəwŋ/ | /kaɨwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuŋ/ | /kɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuŋ/ | /kɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuŋ/ | /kɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hóng | jiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^4$ | gong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤoŋ/, /*kˤroŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋ/, /*kroːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 虹 | 虹 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hóng | jiàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ huwng › | ‹ kæwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-kˁoŋ/ | /*kˁroŋ-s/ |
| English | rainbow | rainbow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 虹 | 虹 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/3 |
| No. | 4056 | 4004 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 洪 | 絳 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːŋ/ | /*kroːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

虹
* rainbow; primary rainbow (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 道 m)
    彩虹 ― cǎihóng ― rainbow
    天上出虹了。 ― Tiānshàng chū jiàng le. ― There's a rainbow in the sky.
* (literary, figurative) bridge

##### Synonyms

* (rainbow):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 虹, 螮蝀, 雩, 隮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 彩虹, 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 七彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 虹, 大虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 虹, 紅虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 彩虹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 彩虹, 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Rizhao | 虹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 虹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 虹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 虹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 虹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 虹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 虹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe (Maoping) | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 彩虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongxin | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanchi | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Guyuan | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Longde | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jingyuan | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qimen (Anling; Junhua) | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 虹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yongning (Najiahu) | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Wuzhong | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Zhongwei | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 彩虹, 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 彩虹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 虹, 天橋, 彩虹, 天龍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xindu) | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Muli | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 虹, 曬虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 虹, 虹濟水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 龍虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 龍虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 龍虹 dated, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Pingtang) | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangzhou (Nalu) | 虹槓東 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 虹, 螞蟥幹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 虹, 馬雲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 虹吃水, 龍虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 老虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 老虹, 彩虹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 老虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 鱟, 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zongyang | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chuzhou | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 虹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jinhua (Shuiduiji) | 虹 |
| Mandarin | Jiangshan (Nianbadu) | 虹 |
| Mandarin | Kaihua (Huabu) | 虹 |
| Mandarin | Yushan (Huaiyu) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 虹, 天虹, 龍拱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 彩虹, 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 天弓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 天弓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 龍虹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鑊耳龍 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 拱篷 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鑊耳龍 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 虹拱 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 播虹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 龍孔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 龍孔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 叫虹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 鑊耳, 水拱 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鑊耳, 水虹, 水拱 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 龍生水, 鑊耳虹, 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 鑊耳龍, 水拱 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 鑊耳龍 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 天弓 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 虹, 龍 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 天弓 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 汗龍 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 旱龍 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 破篷 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 湴更 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 虹, 雙虹 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou (Longxu) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 天虹, 虹 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 拱 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan (Danzhu) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 龍 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu | 湴界, 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 虹, 雙虹 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 天虹, 虹, 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiaodong) | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Nasi) | 龐虹 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 天虹, 天橋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 拱 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 拱 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 拱 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 篷拱 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 天弓 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 蛤筒食水 |
| Cantonese | Lingchuan (Yangjia) | 龍虹 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Majia) | 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Shuishan) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 天虹 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 彩虹, 彩龍 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 龍拱 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 彩虹 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 天弓 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 虹 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 鑊耳虹 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 虹 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 虹 |
| Gan | Pengze | 虹 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 虹 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 天虹, 天吊, 虹 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 虹 |
| Gan | Guixi | 虹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Liuhuang) | 彩虹, 虹仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 彩虹, 青里 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 天弓食水 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 龍 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 天虹 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 弓 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Nanjing (Meilin) | 彩虹 |
| Hakka | Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Changting | 虹 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 虹 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 天門神 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 虹 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 虹 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 虹 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 虹 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 虹 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 天虹 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 虹 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 天弓, 虹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Daluguan, Gaoshu; S. Sixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Jiadong; S. Sixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 天公虹 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 天公降水 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 天公食水 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 天公食水 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 虹 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Shuangduitun) | 彩虹 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Dashigu) | 彩虹, 月龍 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 彩龍 |
| Hakka | Guidong | 天虹 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longtan) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shiling) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longwang) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shibantan) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Xindu Subdistrict) | 天弓, 虹 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 天弓, 彩虹 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 弓 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Mempawah (Meixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Medan (Metal - Meixian) | 彩虹 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Meixian) | 天弓 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 彩虹 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 彩虹, 天弓 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 弓 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 弓 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 日頭紅虹, 虹 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Huizhou | Shexian (Xianggao) | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Shexian (Daguyun) | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Qimen (Anling; Minhua) | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 虹 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 彩虹 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 虹 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 虹 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 虹 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 虹 |
| Jin | Datong | 虹 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 虹 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 虹 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 虹 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 虹 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 虹 |
| Jin | Linhe | 虹 |
| Jin | Jining | 虹 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 虹 |
| Jin | Baotou | 虹 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 虹 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 虹 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 虹 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 虹 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 虹 |
| Jin | Handan | 虹 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 虹 |
| Jin | Suide | 虹, 水罐 |
| Jin | Zizhou | 水罐 |
| Jin | Mizhi | 虹 |
| Jin | Jiaxian | 虹 |
| Jin | Wubu | 水罐子 |
| Jin | Shenmu | 虹 |
| Jin | Fugu | 罐 |
| Jin | Yulin | 虹 |
| Jin | Yulin (Hengshan) | 虹 |
| Jin | Jingbian | 虹 |
| Jin | Yan'an | 虹 |
| Jin | Yan'an (Ansai) | 虹 |
| Jin | Ganquan | 虹 |
| Jin | Zhidan | 虹 |
| Jin | Wuqi | 虹 |
| Jin | Qingjian | 虹 |
| Jin | Zichang | 虹 |
| Jin | Yanchuan | 虹 |
| Jin | Yanchang | 吊水罐罐 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jiande | 鱟 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jinhua | 鱟 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 鱟 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Tunxi | 虹 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 虹 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 虹 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 虹 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 虹, 攔溪仔 dated |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 虹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 虹 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 虹 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 虹 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 虹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 彩虹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 天虹 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Sijie) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 發紅雲 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 龍公 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 龍, 天橋 |
| Southern Min | Lechang (Tatou) | 天虹 |
| Southern Min | Renhua (Changshabei) | 天虹 |
| Southern Min | Yingde (Yuzui) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Yunan (Liantan) | 龍, 虹 |
| Southern Min | Yuhuan (Kanmen) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 虹, 彩虹 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 彩虹 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 虹 |
| Southern Min | Wanning | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 虹 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 虹 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 虹 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 虹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 播虹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 跨篷 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Gejiayuan) | 虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Zhegulu) | 虹, 拱橋 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Silian) | 虹, 天虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xiuxiang) | 虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Sucun) | 虹, 幹筒 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 虹, 龍虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Hengzhou (Baihe) | 龐虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Liucheng (Yangmei) | 虹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Luocheng (Niubi) | 長虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dabu) | 雨界 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Yangjia) | 龍 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Qianjing) | 雨虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 江東龍, 龍虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Huangsha, Lingui) | 龍虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) | 天龍, 彩圈 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Gudong) | 龍虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 彩虹, 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Gongping) | 龍虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guanyang (Guanyinge) | 龍虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Pingle (Zhangjia) | 虹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Putao) | 雨虹 |
| Shehua | Ningde | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Zhouning | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Xiapu | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Shouning | 虹 |
| Shehua | Gutian | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Yanshan (Taiyuan) | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 蛟龍 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 蛟龍 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 螞蟥雲 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 虹, 彩虹, 鱟 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鱟, 彩虹, 虹 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 彩虹, 虹, 鱟 |
| Wu | Danyang | 虹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 鱟, 彩虹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 鱟 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鱟, 虹 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Yinzhou) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 鱟 |
| Wu | Linhai | 鱟 |
| Wu | Yuhuan (Damaiyu) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Yuhuan (Chumen) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鱟 |
| Wu | Songyang (Gushi) | 鱟 |
| Wu | Longquan | 鱟 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 鱟, 彩虹 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 熯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 虹 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 虹 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan County (Cha'ensi) | 虹 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 虹 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) | 彩虹 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 虹 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 虹 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 虹 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 虹, 雲虹 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 斗雨 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 彩虹 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 虹 |
| Xiang | Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) | 虹 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 蟲 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 虹, 螃蟹夾草 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 拱橋 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 天弓 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 天弓 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 天虹 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 天狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 天拱 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 天虹 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 天虹 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 天虹 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 天虹, 天橋 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 虹 |

##### See also

* 霓 (ní)

#### Compounds

* 丹虹
* 副虹
* 垂虹
* 垂虹亭
* 垂虹橋 / 垂虹桥
* 天虹 (tiānhóng)
* 宛虹
* 幡虹
* 彩虹 (cǎihóng)
* 攄虹 / 摅虹
* 文虹
* 斷虹 / 断虹
* 日虹
* 星虹
* 晴虹
* 月虹 (yuèhóng)
* 梁虹
* 橋虹 / 桥虹
* 殘虹 / 残虹
* 氣勢如虹 / 气势如虹 (qìshìrúhóng)
* 氣吐虹霓 / 气吐虹霓
* 氣吞虹蜺 / 气吞虹蜺
* 氣貫長虹 / 气贯长虹
* 煙虹 / 烟虹
* 玉泉垂虹
* 玉虹
* 白虹
* 白虹貫日 / 白虹贯日
* 直虹
* 荊虹 / 荆虹
* 虹丹
* 虹伸
* 虹光
* 虹勢 / 虹势
* 虹吸作用
* 虹吸現象 / 虹吸现象
* 虹吸管
* 虹女
* 虹帶 / 虹带
* 虹彩 (hóngcǎi)
* 虹彩膜
* 虹旃
* 虹旆
* 虹旌
* 虹旍
* 虹旗
* 虹星
* 虹映
* 虹梁
* 虹棧 / 虹栈
* 虹樓 / 虹楼
* 虹橋 / 虹桥 (hóngqiáo)
* 虹橋板 / 虹桥板
* 虹氣 / 虹气
* 虹泉
* 虹沴
* 虹洞
* 虹燭錠 / 虹烛锭
* 虹玉
* 虹申
* 虹絲 / 虹丝
* 虹腰
* 虹膜 (hóngmó)
* 虹舸
* 虹草
* 虹蝀 / 虹𬟽
* 虹蜺 (hóngní)
* 虹蜺閣 / 虹蜺阁
* 虹裳
* 虹輝 / 虹辉
* 虹采
* 虹陛
* 虹雨
* 虹霓 (hóngní)
* 虹飲 / 虹饮
* 虹鱒 / 虹鳟 (hóngzūn)
* 蛇虹
* 蝦虹 / 虾虹
* 謀虹 / 谋虹
* 貫虹 / 贯虹
* 跨虹
* 長虹 / 长虹 (chánghóng)
* 長虹貫日 / 长虹贯日
* 陰虹 / 阴虹
* 隱虹 / 隐虹
* 雄虹
* 雌虹
* 雰虹 / 氛虹
* 電虹 / 电虹
* 霓虹 (níhóng)
* 霓虹燈 / 霓虹灯 (níhóngdēng)
* 霞虹
* 青虹
* 風虹 / 风虹
* 飲虹 / 饮虹
* 鬐虹

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hòng (hong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hòng
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^4$
*** Yale: hùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: honq
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

虹
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fester
* Only used in 虹洞.

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòng (gong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$
*** Yale: gùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: kuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 虹 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古送切 |
| Baxter | kuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 虹 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 4032 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貢 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːŋs/ |
| Notes | 原注今音絳 |

#### Definitions

虹
* (historical) A county in modern Anhui, China

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “虹”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 331.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “虹”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 89.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: にじ (niji, 虹, Jōyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 虹
* にじ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 霓
⟨nizi⟩ → /niʑi/
From Old Japanese 虹 (nizi), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nonsi. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Also attested as man’yōgana form 爾自 in the 金光明最勝王経音義 (Konkōmyō Saishōō-kyō Ongi) of 1079. May be a shift from earlier ぬじ (nuji) or のじ (noji) readings.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にじ [nìjí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟iʑi]

#### Noun

虹(にじ) • (niji)
* a rainbow
    Synonym: 虹霓 (kōgei)
    春雨(はるさめ)がやんだ途(と)端(たん)に、美(うつく)しい虹(にじ)が現(あらわ)れた。
       Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
       Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1:虹　毛詩註云：「螮蝀虹也帝董、二音螮又作$_レ$蝃。」［和名：爾之］ 　　兼名苑云：「虹，一名蜺。」五稽反、與$_レ$鯢同、又五結倪擊二反。 　　今按、雄曰$_レ$虹、雌曰$_レ$蜺也。Rainbow - according to the annotated Mao Commentary, a bridge becomes a rainbow by the Emperor’s command of two syllables: tei-tung or teitō. Japanese name, niji. According to the Jianming Yuan, 虹 is also written as 蜺 (Chinese fanqie: 五稽), same [component] with 鯢; five salamanders connect themselves by their ends (Chinese fanqie [of latter]: 擊二). Today, males call the rainbow 虹 while females 蜺.

##### Derived terms

* 虹(にじ)色(いろ) (nijīro)
* 虹(にじ)形(がた) (nijigata)
* 虹(ニジ)雉(キジ) (nijikiji)
* 虹(にじ)縞(しま) (nijishima)
* 虹(にじ)染(ぞ)め (nijizome)
* 虹(にじ)の入(い)り江(え) (niji no irie)
* 虹(にじ)の松(まつ)原(ばら) (Niji no Matsubara)
* 虹(ニジ)鱒(マス) (nijimasu)
* 朝(あさ)虹(にじ) (asaniji)
* 過(か)剰(じょう)虹(にじ) (kajō niji)
* 逆(さか)さ虹(にじ) (sakasaniji)
* 霧(きり)虹(にじ) (kiriniji)
* 二(ふた)重(え)虹(にじ) (futaeniji)
* 雌(め)虹(にじ) (meniji)
* 夕(ゆう)虹(にじ) (yūniji)

##### Idioms

* 虹(にじ)を吐(は)く (niji o haku)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 虹
* のず Grade: S
* irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 虹 – see the following entry. :
| 【のず】 | [noun] 虹: (dialectal, Yamagata) rainbow |
(This term, 虹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 虹
* こう Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC huwng).

#### Affix

虹(こう) • (kō)
* rainbow
* rainbowlike

##### Derived terms

* 虹(こう)橋(きょう) (kōkyō)
* 虹(こう)霓(げい), 虹(こう)蜺(げい) (kōgei)
* 虹(こう)彩(さい) (kōsai)
* 虹(こう)視(し) (kōshi)
* 虹(こう)梁(りょう) (kōryō)
* 月(げっ)虹(こう) (gekkō)
* 彩(さい)虹(こう) (saikō)
* 断(だん)虹(こう) (dankō)
* 白(はっ)虹(こう) (hakkō)

### References

* ↑ “虹・霓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC huwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 호ᇰ (hwong) (Yale: hwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 虹 (eumhun 무지개 홍 (mujigae hong))
* hanja form of 홍 (“rainbow”)
    Synonym: 霓 (예 (ye))

#### Compounds

* 홍예 (虹霓, hong'ye, “rainbow”)
* 홍채 (虹彩, hongchae, “iris”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC kuwngH).

#### Hanja

虹 (eumhun 고을 이름 공 (go'eul ireum gong))
* hanja form of 공 (“a placename”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ぬーじ (nūji)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 虹
* ぬーじ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Proto-Ryukyuan *nozi.

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri) ぬ​ーじ [núꜜùjì] (Kakō –)
* IPA: [nuːʑi]

### Noun

虹(ぬーじ) (nūji)
* a rainbow

### References

* ↑ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *nonsi. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Noun

虹 (nizi) (kana にじ)
* a rainbow
    Synonyms: ぬじ (nuzi), のじ (no₁zi)
** 711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Emperor Ōjin; Kanenaga-bon glosses):此沼之邊、一賤女晝寢、於是日耀$_二$如$_レ$虹$_一$、指$_二$其陰上$_一$。In the vicinity of the pond, the vulgar woman slept during the day, then on this day, like a shining rainbow, she fingered the upper vagina.

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 虹 (niji)

### References

* ↑ “虹・霓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Vietnamese
### Han character

虹: Hán Việt readings: hồng
虹: Nôm readings: vồng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).