# 刣

| 刣 | U+5223, &#21027; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5223 |
| ← 刢 [U+5222] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 判 → [U+5224] |

## Translingual
### Han character

刣 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈口中弓 (IRLN), composition ⿰台刂)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1922
* Dae Jaweon: page 311, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 332, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5223

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): phonetic 台 + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

刣
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to pare; to scrape

### Etymology 2

Often considered a substrate word. Compare (Deng, 1994, Schuessler, 2007):
* Proto-Hmong-Mien *təjH (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Hmong-Mien *dəjH (“to die”)
** White Hmong tua (“to kill”)
** White Hmong tuag (“to die”)
* Proto-Austronesian *pa-aCay (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“to die”)
** Amis patay (“to die; death”)
** Cebuano patay (“dead; to kill”)
** Tagalog patay (“dead; corpse; carcass”); matay (“dying”); katay (“a slaughtering; a killing”); bitay (“hanging (means of execution)”)
* Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”)
** Thai ตาย (dtaai, “to die”)
Norman (1979) suggests that this derives from 治 (MC dri, “to regulate; to clean (fish)”) instead. This usage is still used in some Mandarin dialects (usually meaning “to clean (fish)”) and Hakka chhṳ̀ (“to slaughter (livestock)”), often written as 㓾.
Alternatively, some have suggested that 夷 (MC yij, “to be level; to pacify; to kill”) is the original character.

#### Pronunciation

* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tai$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): tî
* Eastern Min (BUC): tài
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thâi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tai$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tai$^5$
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰaɪ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tî
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tài
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰai⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰai¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâi
*** Tâi-lô: thâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Kinmen, Philippines, Singapore): /tʰai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰai¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰai²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tai$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâi
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰai⁵⁵/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: tai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai²²/

#### Definitions

刣
* (Hakka, Min) to slaughter (an animal)
    刣豬／刣猪 [Hokkien] ― thâi ti [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to slaughter a pig
    刣豬／刣猪 [Eastern Min] ― tài-*dṳ̆ / [tʰai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― to slaughter a pig
* (Fuzhou Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) to kill (a person)
    刣死 [Hokkien] ― thâi-sí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to kill
    From: 巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 創世記 (Genesis) 4:23
    Lâng siong góa, góa thâi i [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    for I have slain a man to my wounding
* (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to cut open
    刣西瓜 [Hokkien] ― thâi si-koe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to cut a watermelon
* (Hokkien) to cut; to gash
* (Hokkien) to fight a battle; to go to war
* (Hokkien) to delete; to remove; to cross out
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beat down the price; to haggle

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 宰, 屠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 宰殺, 屠宰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 宰, 殺, 治 fish |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 宰, 殺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 殺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 宰, 殺, 治 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 宰, 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 宰, 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 宰, 殺, 治 fish |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 殺, 宰, 治 fish |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 殺, 治 fish |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 劏, 善 chicken |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 劏 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺, 治 fish |
| Hakka | Meixian | 治, 刣 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 治 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 劏, 捋 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 劏 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 治 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 劏, 治 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 劏, 捋 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 治, 劏 chicken |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 治 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 捋, 劏 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 捋, 劏 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 捋 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 捋 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 劏 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 劏, 度 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 劏 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 治 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 治 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 治 |
| Hakka | Changting | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 治 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 破 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 治 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 治 pig, 殺 chicken |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 殺 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 治 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 破 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 治 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 治 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 治 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 治 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 劏 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 劏 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 劏 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 宰, 殺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刣, 刺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 刣 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 刣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 刣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 刣 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 戮 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 戮 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 戮 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 戮 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 戮 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 戮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 殺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 㷟, 殺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 殺, 宰 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 殺 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 殺 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 殺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 殺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 殺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 殺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 殺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 殺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 殺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 殺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 殺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 殺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 殺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 殺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 殺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 殺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 殺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 殺 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 殺 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 殺 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 殺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 殺 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 殺 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 殺 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 殺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 殺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 殺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 殺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 殺 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 殺 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 殺 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 殺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 殺 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 殺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 殺 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 殺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 殺 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 殺 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 殺 |

#### Compounds

* 了錢生理無人做，刣頭生理有人做 / 了钱生理无人做，刣头生理有人做
* 刣人
* 刣價 / 刣价
* 刣儂放火 / 刣侬放火
* 刣割
* 刣戇大豬 / 刣戆大猪
* 刣木屐
* 刣死
* 刣白
* 刣豬仔 / 刣猪仔
* 刣贏 / 刣赢
* 刣跤
* 刣輸 / 刣输
* 刣雞教猴 / 刣鸡教猴
* 刣雞閹卵 / 刣鸡阉卵
* 刣頭 / 刣头
* 刣頭罪 / 刣头罪
* 好好鱟刣甲屎那流 / 好好鲎刣甲屎那流
* 忍氣求財，激氣相刣 / 忍气求财，激气相刣
* 搖人無才，搖豬無刣 / 摇人无才，摇猪无刣
* 相刣
* 膨風水雞刣無肉 / 膨风水鸡刣无肉

#### Further reading

* “刣”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.