# 沱

| 沱 | U+6CB1, &#27825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CB1 |
| ← 沰 [U+6CB0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 沲 → [U+6CB2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

沱 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水十心 (EJP), four-corner 3311$_1$, composition ⿰氵它)

#### Derived characters

* 𩃱, 𬐥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 613, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17243
* Dae Jaweon: page 1006, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1594, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6CB1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沱 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 佗 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl |
| 拕 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːlʔ |
| 它 | *l̥ʰaːl |
| 蛇 | *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal |
| 袉 | *l̥ʰaːlʔ, *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ |
| 鴕 | *l'aːl |
| 駝 | *l'aːl |
| 紽 | *l'aːl |
| 鮀 | *l'aːl |
| 陀 | *l'aːl |
| 沱 | *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ |
| 跎 | *l'aːl |
| 詑 | *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ, *hlel, *lal, *l̥ʰoːl |
| 酡 | *l'aːl |
| 迱 | *l'aːl |
| 舵 | *l'aːlʔ |
| 柁 | *l'aːlʔ |
| 鉈 | *ɦljaːl, *hljal |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuó (tuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): to$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuó
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^2$
*** Yale: twó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: two
*** Palladius: то (to)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: to$^4$
*** Yale: tòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: to$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: to$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔː²¹/
* Middle Chinese: da
Rime :
| Character | 沱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒河切 |
| Baxter | da |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /da/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | to$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤaj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ da › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁaj/ |
| English | flow (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12218 |
| Phonetic component | 它 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 駝 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːl/ |

#### Definitions

沱
* (dialectal) small bay in a river (also used in place names)
* (～江) Tuojiang; Tuo River
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) tearful; wailing
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) rainy

#### Compounds

* 南沱 (Nántuó)
* 大雨滂沱 (dàyǔpāngtuó)
* 沱江
* 沱沱河 (Tuótuó Hé)
* 沱茶
* 涕泗滂沱
* 涾沱
* 滂沱
* 滂沱大雨 (pāngtuódàyǔ)
* 滹沱河 (Hūtuó Hé)
* 潭沱
* 美人沱 (Měiréntuó)
* 銀杏沱 / 银杏沱 (Yínxìngtuó)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duò (duo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duò
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duò
*** Wade–Giles: to$^4$
*** Yale: dwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: daX
Rime :
| Character | 沱 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒可切 |
| Baxter | daX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /da$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | duò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | do$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沱 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12229 |
| Phonetic component | 它 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爹 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

沱
* Used in compounds.

#### Compounds

* 淡沱
* 瀢沱 / 𬉋沱 (duìduò)

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 沱 – see 池 (“moat”). (This character is an obsolete form of 池).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: だ (da)
* Kan-on: た (ta)

## Korean
### Hanja

沱 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沱: Hán Việt readings: đà
沱: Nôm readings: đà, đờ, đừ
* chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Black/Da River, a river in Vietnam”).
* chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Tuo River in Sichuan or the river of the same name in Hunan”).

#### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).