# serius
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English serious and Dutch serieus, from Medieval Latin sēriōsus, an extension of Latin sērius (“grave, earnest, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian)
** IPA: (Standard, English-influenced) /səˈrius/ [səˈri.ʊs]
** IPA: (Dutch-influenced) /sɛˈrius/ [sɛˈri.ʊs]
* Rhymes: -us
* Syllabification: se‧ri‧us

### Adjective

sêrius
* serious

#### Derived terms

* diseriusi
* keseriusan
* menyeriusi

### Further reading

* “serius” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

Somewhat disputed. There are two main competing hypotheses:
* Usually held to derive via Proto-Italic *swerjos from Proto-Indo-European *swer-yo-s, from the root *swer- (“heavy”). Cognate with Old English swǣr (“heavy, grave, grievous”), German schwer (“hard, difficult, heavy”), Lithuanian sverti (“to weigh, balance”), svarùs (“heavy”). More at sweer.
* According to De Vaan, rather from Proto-Italic *sērjos, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-ro-s + *-yo-, from an uncertain root *seh₁- (“to go slowly?”) (cf. sēgnis (“slow, tardy, sluggish, lazy”)). In this case, equivalent to sērus (“slow, tardy”) +‎ -ius, with semantic shift "slow" > "tiring" > "heavy" > "grave, serious".

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈseː.ri.us/, [ˈs̠eːriʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈse.ri.us/, [ˈsɛːrius]

### Adjective

sērius (feminine sēria, neuter sērium); first/second-declension adjective
* grave, earnest, serious

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* sēriōsus

#### Descendants

* Asturian: seriu
* Italian: serio
* Portuguese: sério
* Spanish: serio
** → Catalan: sério

### Adverb

sērius
* comparative degree of sērō

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sērius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 556-7

### Further reading

* “serius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “serius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "serius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* serius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. two days late: biduo serius (ambiguous) to say in earnest..: serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42)
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “serious”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English serious, from Middle English seryows, from Old French serieux, from Medieval Latin sēriōsus, an extension of Latin sērius (“grave, earnest, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [si.ri.əs]
** Rhymes: -iəs, -əs
* (Baku) IPA: [se.ri.us]
** Rhymes: -ius, -us
* Hyphenation: se‧ri‧us

### Adjective

serius (Jawi spelling سيريوس)
* Serious:
** Without humor or expression of happiness; grave in manner or disposition.
    Serius je muka dia.His face just stays serious.
** Important; weighty; not insignificant.
    Ini masalah serius.This is a serious problem.
** Really intending what is said (or planned, etc); in earnest; not jocular or deceiving.
    Audiens tersenyum paksa, terkeliru sama ada pengucap serius atau sedang melawak apabila mengatakan bahawa dia membenci kesatuan sekerja.The audience put on a smile, confused as to whether the speaker was being serious or just joking when he said that he hated trade unions.

#### Affixations

* keseriusan

### Interjection

serius (Jawi spelling سيريوس)
* Used to express disbelief; seriously, for real.
    Synonyms: sungguh, biar betul, biar betik
    Serius, harga telefon ni lebih daripada $3000?!Seriously, this phone costs more than $3000?!

### Further reading

* “serius” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.