# pancake
## English
### Alternative forms

* pan cake

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English pancake, panne cake, pankake, ponkake, equivalent to pan +‎ cake. Perhaps adapted from Middle Low German pankôke, pannekôke, from Old Saxon *pannakōko (suggested by derivatives Old Saxon pannakōkilo and pannakōkilīn), where the compound is much older; compare Old High German phankuohho (8th century), whence Middle High German phankuoche, German Pfannkuchen (“pancake”); further Saterland Frisian Ponkouke, Ponkuuke (“pancake”), West Frisian pankoek (“pancake”), Dutch pannenkoek (“pancake”), German Low German Pannkook (“pancake”). The juggling sense is by analogy with a pancake being tossed in a pan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpæn.keɪk/, /ˈpæŋ.keɪk/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

pancake (countable and uncountable, plural pancakes)
* (countable and uncountable) A thin batter cake fried in a pan or on a griddle in oil or butter; in particular:
** In England, an often unleavened cake similar to a crepe.
** In the US (and e.g. Scotland), a leavened, thicker, fluffier cake.
*** 2001, Alice A. Deck, ““Now Then—Who Said Biscuits?” The Black Woman Cook as Fetish in American Advertising, 1905–1953”, in Sherrie A. Inness, editor, Kitchen Culture in America: Popular Representations of Food, Gender, and Race, Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 88:Mrs. America is holding a plate of pancakes in one hand and a fork with a slice of pancake in the other.
* (uncountable, theater) A kind of makeup, consisting of a thick layer of a compressed powder.
** 1984 April 14, Freddie Greenfield, “Spoiling the View”, in Gay Community News, page 19:And us, me wearing pancake with my eyebrows recently plucked archly, done by Little Amber, the beauty-school student quean, in Bryant Park.
* (countable, juggling) A type of throw, usually with a ring where the prop is thrown in such a way that it rotates round an axis of the diameter of the prop.
** 2004, Beinn Muir <bm260@nospam4me.cam.ac.uk>, “Ring juggling: pancake throws”, in rec.juggling‎ (Usenet):have been working on pancake throws with rings for the past few months and I have been trying to make the throws perfectly spun and as consistent as possible.
* (countable) Anything very thin and flat.
    pancake lens
** 2004, William H. Cropper, Great Physicists:Most of the electrons would pass through the hadron pancake with no interaction, but a few would collide […]
* (uncountable) Composite leather made of scraps, glue and board, by extension of (4), material originally used for insoles, but later used also for heels and even soles.
** 1903, Davis Rich Dewey, Twelfth Census of the United States: Special report: Employees and Wages, page 1200:&hellip in the poorer grades the heel is made of scrap leather and leather board or pulp, finished with a solid leather top lift. The composite material, called pancake, is made by an operative, usually a girl, called a pancake-maker; it is used sometimes for soles as well as heels.
* (countable, film, slang) A box on which an actor stands to make them appear taller.
* (countable, volleyball) A defensive play in which the ball bounces off the top of a hand that has been pressed flat against the floor.

#### Synonyms

* (thin fried batter cake): crêpe/crepe, flapjack, griddle cake, hotcake, pikelet

#### Derived terms

* American pancake
* flat as a pancake
* French pancake
* German pancake
* ice pancake
* pancake bond
* Pancake Day
* pancake engine
* pancake ice
* pancake landing
* pancake lens
* pancake-maker
* pancake number
* pancake slug
* pancake sorting
* pancake syrup
* pancake theorem
* pancake tortoise
* pancake turner
* potato pancake
* scallion pancake
* Scotch pancake
* sea pancake

#### Descendants

* → Cantonese: 班戟 (baan$^1$ gik$^1$)
** → Mandarin: 班戟 (bānjǐ)
* → Cebuano: pankeyk
* → French: pancake
* → German: Pancake
* → Hijazi Arabic: بانكيك (bānkēk, pānkēk)
* →⇒ Irish: pancóg
* → Japanese: パンケーキ (pankēki)
* →⇒ Khmer: នំផេនខេក (num pheenkheek)
* → Korean: 팬케이크 (paenkeikeu)
* → Nauruan: epankeik
* → Portuguese: panqueca, (dated) panqueque, (dated) pancake
* → Russian: панкейк (pankejk)
* → Spanish: (Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay) panqueque, (Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico) pancake, (Venezuela) panqueca
* → Thai: แพนเค้ก (pɛɛn-kéek)
* → Turkish: pankek
** → Azerbaijani: pankek
* → Yoruba: pan̄kéèkì

#### Translations
### Verb

pancake (third-person singular simple present pancakes, present participle pancaking, simple past and past participle pancaked)
* (intransitive) To make a pancake landing.
* (construction, demolition) To collapse one floor after another.
* (transitive) To flatten violently.
** 2011, Joseph Wambaugh, Floaters:Poor old Sleepy suffered from an on-duty head injury he'd got by chasing a Corvette on a police motorcycle, ending up like a pancaked roadkill with half his scalp flapping in the backwash of freeway commuters […]
* (intransitive) To lie out flat, like a pancake; sploot.

### See also

* blintz
* okonomiyaki
* waffle

### Anagrams

* cakepan

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pan.kɛk/

### Noun

pancake m (plural pancakes)
* pancake

### Further reading

* “pancake”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* ponkake, pankake, panne cake

### Etymology

From panne (“pan”) +‎ cake. Perhaps adapted from Middle Low German pankôke, pannekôke; see pancake.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpankaːk(ə)/

### Noun

pancake
* pancake (kind of fried cake)

#### Descendants

* English: pancake (see there for further descendants)
* Scots: pancake

#### References

* “panne-cāke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-05.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English pancake.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkej.ki/ [pɐ̃ˈkeɪ̯.ki]
* (Brazil) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkej.ki/ [pɐ̃ˈkeɪ̯.ki]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkej.ke/ [pɐ̃ˈkeɪ̯.ke]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkɐj.kɨ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkɐj.kɨ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkej.kɨ/
** (Central Portugal) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈkej.kɨ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pɐ̃ˈke.kɨ/

### Noun

pancake m (plural pancakes)
* (theater) pancake (kind of makeup)

### Noun

pancake f (plural pancakes)
* Dated form of panqueca.