# kehdata
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *këhtat'ak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkehdɑtɑˣ/, [ˈk̟e̞hdɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ehdɑtɑ
* Hyphenation: keh‧da‧ta

### Verb

kehdata (intransitive) [with first infinitive]
* to be able to bring oneself to do something, dare, venture, have the nerve (confidence, courage)
    Synonyms: tohtia, rohjeta, uskaltaa, iljetä
    En kehdannut kysyä niin henkilökohtaisia.I could not bring myself to ask about such personal issues
* to not be ashamed, be proud, not be embarrassed
    Synonyms: rohjeta, uskaltaa
    En kehdannut mennä saunaan alasti.I was too ashamed to go naked into the sauna.
* to have the impudence or nerve, dare, be able
    Synonyms: juljeta, iljetä, saattaa
    Miten hän kehtasi olla niin törkeä?How did he have the impudence to be so boorish?
* (Eastern Finnish) to feel like doing something, to have the desire or energy to
    Synonyms: viitsiä, jaksaa
    En minä kesällä kehtaa tehdä töitä.I don't feel like working during the summer.

#### Usage notes

The distinction between "to dare, have the courage or impudence to do" and "to feel like doing something" is historically a rigid difference between Western and Eastern Finnish:
| | Western Finnish | Eastern Finnish |
| "to dare, have the courage/nerve to" | kehdata | hennoa, (rare) viitsiä |
| "to feel like doing" | viitsiä | kehdata |
Standard Finnish largely follows Western Finnish, but hennoa is also accepted in standard Finnish with the same meaning as it has in Eastern Finnish. Other synonyms like iljetä and rohjeta are attested in both groups and are also standard.
Dialectal meanings for kehdata (map) :
| Standard Finnish | Standard Finnish | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southern Southwest Finland (Eteläinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects] | Halikko, Kaarina, Karuna, Kiikala, Muurla, Perniö, Pertteli, Sauvo, Uskela | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects] | Eurajoki, Hinnerjoki, Kalanti, Karjala, Laitila, Merimasku, Mietoinen, Mynämäki, Naantali, Nousiainen, Pyhämaa, Pyhäranta, Rauma, Rymättylä, Taivassalo | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southwest Finnish Highlands (Varsinais-Suomen ylämaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects] | Aura, Lieto, Marttila, Pöytyä, Somero | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects] | Lohja, Nummi, Sammatti, Vihti | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects] | Alastaro, Huittinen, Kauvatsa, Keikyä, Loimaa, Metsämaa, Punkalaidun, Vampula | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects] | Merikarvia, Nakkila, Pomarkku, Pori, Ulvila | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects] | Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Kankaanpää, Karkku, Karvia, Kiikoinen, Mouhijärvi, Suoniemi, Viljakkala | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] | Eräjärvi, Hattula, Hauho, Kalvola, Kangasala, Koijärvi, Kuhmalahti, Kuorevesi, Kylmäkoski, Lempäälä, Luopioinen, Längelmäki, Orivesi, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sahalahti, Sääksmäki, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vanaja, Vesilahti, Virrat, Ylöjärvi | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] | Forssa, Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, Loppi, Nurmijärvi, Tammela | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] | Asikkala, Askola, Heinola, Hollola, Hämeenkoski, Lammi, Myrskylä, Nastola, Orimattila, Padasjoki, Pornainen, Porvoo | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Kymenlaakso [Tavastian dialects] | Anjala, Artjärvi, Iitti, Jaala, Kymi, Lapinjärvi, Sippola, Valkeala, Vehkalahti | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects] | Alavus, Jalasjärvi, Kauhajoki, Kuortane, Kurikka, Lapua, Nurmo, Peräseinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Ylistaro | to feel like doing |
| Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects] | Isojoki, Isokyrö, Karijoki, Laihia, Nurmo | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] | Alavieska, Haapavesi, Halsua, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kälviä, Lohtaja, Nivala, Oulainen, Perho, Toholampi, Veteli, Ylivieska | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] | Piippola, Pyhäntä | to feel like doing |
| Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] | Hailuoto, Ii, Kempele, Oulu, Pattijoki, Raahe, Vihanti | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] | Kempele, Muhos, Pattijoki, Pudasjärvi, Ranua, Utajärvi | to feel like doing |
| Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects] | Kemijärvi, Kittilä, Lyngen (Jyykeä/Yykeä), Nordreisa (Raisi), Pelkosenniemi, Salla | to feel like doing |
| Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects] | Kemi, Rovaniemi, Simo, Sodankylä | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects] | Karunki, Kolari, Muonio, Pajala, Pello, Tärendö (Täräntö), Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio | to feel like doing |
| Kainuu [Savonian dialects] | Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski, Vaala, Vuolijoki | to feel like doing |
| Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] | Kannonkoski, Karstula, Konginkangas, Pihtipudas, Sumiainen, Viitasaari, Äänekoski | to feel like doing |
| Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] | Konginkangas | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] | Keuruu, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Ähtäri | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] | Alajärvi, Vimpeli | to feel like doing |
| Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] | Hartola, Jämsä, Korpilahti, Pertunmaa, Sysmä | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] | Joutsa, Toivakka | to feel like doing |
| Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects] | Haukivuori, Heinävesi, Iisalmi, Joroinen, Jäppilä, Kaavi, Kangaslampi, Karttula, Kiuruvesi, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Maaninka, Muuruvesi, Nilsiä, Pieksämäki, Pielavesi, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Rantasalmi, Rautalampi, Riistavesi, Siilinjärvi, Sonkajärvi, Tervo, Varpaisjärvi, Vehmersalmi, Vesanto, Vieremä, Virtasalmi | to feel like doing |
| Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo) [Savonian dialects] | Anttola, Hirvensalmi, Juva, Kangasniemi, Kerimäki, Puumala, Ristiina, Savonranta, Sulkava, Sääminki | to feel like doing |
| Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo) [Savonian dialects] | Juva, Mäntyharju | to dare, have the courage/impudence to |
| Northern Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) [Savonian dialects] | Eno, Ilomantsi, Juuka, Kesälahti, Kiihtelysvaara, Kitee, Kontiolahti, Korabselki (Korpiselkä), Liperi, Nurmes, Outokumpu/Kuusjärvi, Pielisjärvi, Polvijärvi, Pyhäselkä, Pälkjärvi, Rautavaara, Ruskeala, Rääkkylä, Tohmajärvi, Tuupovaara, Valtimo | to feel like doing |
| Central Karelia (Keski-Karjala) [Southeastern dialects] | Gromovo (Sakkola), Impilakhtinskoye (Impilahti), Khiytola (Hiitola), Kurkijoki, Lumivaara, Melnikovskoye (Räisälä), Otradnoye (Pyhäjärvi (Vpl)), Parikkala, Saari, Sevastyanovskoye (Kaukola), Simpele, Sortavala, Sosnovo (Rautu), Uukuniemi, Yakkima (Jaakkima) | to feel like doing |
| Southern Karelia (Etelä-Karjala) [Southeastern dialects] | Bolshoy Tyuters (Tytärsaari), Joutseno, Kamennogorsk (Antrea), Kondratyevo (Säkkijärvi), Lappee, Lemi, Lesogorsky (Jääski), Luumäki, Michurinskoye (Valkjärvi), Miehikkälä, Moshchny (Lavansaari), Ozyorskoye (Vuoksenranta), Pervomayskoye (Kivennapa), Pionerskoye (Kuolemajärvi), Pobeda (Kanneljärvi), Polyany (Uusikirkko (Vpl)), Pravdino (Muolaa), Primorsk (Koivisto), Rautjärvi, Ruokolahti, Savitaipale, Seskar (Seiskari), Sovetsky (Johannes), Suomenniemi, Svobodnoye (Kirvu), Taipalsaari, Veshchevo (Heinjoki), Virolahti, Vuoksela, Vyborg (Viipuri), Yashino (Vahviala), Ylämaa, Äyräpää | to feel like doing |
| Ingria (Inkeri) [Southeastern dialects] | Beloostrov (Valkeasaari), Dudergof (Tuutari/Tuuteri), Kallivere/Kallivieri, Koltushi (Keltto), Markovo (Markkova), Martyshkino (Tyrö), Moloskovitsy (Moloskovitsa), Nikuljasy (Miikkulainen), Ribovo (Rääpyvä), Skvoritsy (Skuoritsa), Slavyanka (Venjoki), Vuoly (Vuole/Vuolee), Yarvosol (Järvisaari) | to feel like doing |
| Värmland (Vermlanti) [Savonian dialects] | Värmland (Vermlanti) | to feel like doing |
| The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities. Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0) |||

#### Derived terms

* etenkehdaten

### Further reading

* “kehdata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02