# 靡

| 靡 | U+9761, &#38753; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9761 |
| ← 靠 [U+9760] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 面 → [U+9762] |

## Translingual
### Han character

靡 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 戈金中一卜 (ICLMY) or 戈木中一卜 (IDLMY), four-corner 0021$_1$, composition ⿸麻非)

#### Derived characters

* 孊 㠧 戂 攠 灖 䃺 䊳 釄 䭩 劘 㸏 爢 蘼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1383, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42612
* Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4088, character 5
* Unihan data for U+9761

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 麻 | *mraːl |
| 痲 | *mraːl |
| 犘 | *mraːl |
| 縻 | *mral |
| 醿 | *mral |
| 爢 | *mral |
| 蘼 | *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl |
| 靡 | *mralʔ |
| 摩 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 魔 | *maːl |
| 磨 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 劘 | *maːl |
| 麽 | *maːl |
| 麼 | *maːlʔ |
| 塺 | *maːls, *mɯːl |
| 麾 | *hmral |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mralʔ): phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǐ (mi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^3$
*** Yale: mǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^5$
*** Yale: méih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
*** Tâi-lô: bí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: mjeX
Rime :
| Character | 靡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 文彼切 |
| Baxter | mjeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mjiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mje$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)ajʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mralʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 靡 | 靡 | 靡 | 靡 |
| Reading # | 2/5 | 3/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǐ | mǐ | mǐ | mǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mje$^X$ › | ‹ mje$^X$ › | ‹ mje$^X$ › | ‹ mje$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m(r)ajʔ/ | /*m(r)ajʔ/ | /*m(r)ajʔ/ | /*m(r)ajʔ/ |
| English | squander | not have, not exist | fall over | small, tiny |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 靡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8701 |
| Phonetic component | 麻 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靡 |
| Old Chinese | /*mralʔ/ |

#### Definitions

靡
* (literary) to fall down; to collapse; to be swept away
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Wú shì qí zhé luàn, wàng qí qí mǐ, gù zhú zhī. [Pinyin]
    But when I examined the enemy's wheel-tracks and found them cries-crossing and looked afar and saw his banners drooping, I advised pursuit.
* (literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid
* (literary) delicate; minute
* (literary) no; not
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hóu fú yú Zhōu, tiānmìng mǐ cháng. [Pinyin]
    They became subject to Zhou; the appointment of Heaven is not constant.
* (literary) to not have; to be without

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mí (mi$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mi$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bî
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mí
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mí
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^2$
*** Yale: mí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mi
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^4$
*** Yale: mèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
*** Tâi-lô: bî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /bi²⁴/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aj/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 靡 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mje › |
| Old Chinese | /*m(r)aj/ |
| English | to share with |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

靡
* extravagant; wasteful
* to waste; to squander
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to extinguish; to eliminate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to rotten; to damage
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to exhaust; to use up
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to divide; to disperse; to scatter
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to share

### Compounds

* 之死靡他
* 之死靡它
* 低靡
* 侈靡
* 夷靡
* 奓靡
* 奢靡
* 妖靡
* 委靡
* 委靡不振
* 巨細靡遺 / 巨细靡遗 (jùxìmǐyí)
* 從風而靡 / 从风而靡
* 所向披靡
* 披靡 (pīmǐ)
* 旗靡
* 曼靡
* 望風披靡 / 望风披靡
* 望風而靡 / 望风而靡 (wàngfēng'érmǐ)
* 江靡
* 浮靡
* 淫靡 (yínmǐ)
* 猗猗靡靡
* 猗靡
* 當者披靡 / 当者披靡
* 禍福靡常 / 祸福靡常
* 綺靡 / 绮靡
* 胥靡 (xūmí)
* 與世靡爭 / 与世靡争
* 草靡風行 / 草靡风行
* 萍蹤靡定 / 萍踪靡定
* 華靡 / 华靡 (huámǐ)
* 萎靡
* 萎靡不振
* 誇多鬥靡 / 夸多斗靡
* 轍亂旗靡 / 辙乱旗靡 (zhéluànqímǐ)
* 迆靡
* 迤靡
* 阤靡
* 靃靡
* 靡密
* 靡愬
* 靡敝
* 靡散
* 靡曼 (mǐmàn)
* 靡有孑遺 / 靡有孑遗
* 靡然
* 靡然向風 / 靡然向风
* 靡然從風 / 靡然从风
* 靡然鄉風 / 靡然乡风
* 靡爛 / 靡烂
* 靡知所措
* 靡衣偷食
* 靡衣玉食
* 靡費 / 靡费 (mífèi)
* 靡追
* 靡靡 (mǐmǐ)
* 靡靡之樂 / 靡靡之乐 (mǐmǐzhīyuè)
* 靡靡之音 (mǐmǐzhīyīn)
* 靡顏膩理 / 靡颜腻理
* 靡麗 / 靡丽 (mǐlì)
* 頹靡 / 颓靡 (tuímǐ)
* 頹靡不振 / 颓靡不振
* 風行草靡 / 风行草靡
* 風靡 / 风靡 (fēngmǐ)
* 風靡一時 / 风靡一时 (fēngmǐyīshí)
* 風靡雲湧 / 风靡云涌
* 風靡雲蒸 / 风靡云蒸
* 飛靡 / 飞靡
* 鳳靡鸞吪 / 凤靡鸾吪
* 麗靡 / 丽靡

### References

* “靡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to wave; to stream; to flutter
* extravagant; wasteful; to waste
* to exhaust
* to spread

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: み (mi)
* Kan-on: び (bi)
* On: ひ (hi)
* Kun: なびく (nabiku, 靡く)、なびかす (nabikasu, 靡かす)、ない (nai, 靡い)、なし (nashi, 靡し)

#### Compounds

* 靡(び)迤(い) (bī)
* 靡(び)貨(か) (bika)
* 靡(び)顔(がん) (bigan)
* 靡(び)傾(けい) (bikei)
* 靡(び)盬(こ) (biko)
* 靡(び)砕(さい) (bisai)
* 靡(び)財(ざい) (bizai)
* 靡(び)散(さん) (bisan)
* 靡(び)然(ぜん) (bizen)
* 靡(び)薄(はく) (bihaku)
* 靡(び)披(ひ) (bihi)
* 靡(び)費(ひ) (bihi)
* 靡(び)靡(び) (bibi)
* 靡(び)敝(へい), 靡(び)弊(へい) (bihei)
* 靡(び)幣(へい) (bihei)
* 靡(び)曼(まん), 靡(び)嫚(まん) (biman)
* 靡(び)濫(らん) (biran)
* 靡(び)爛(らん) (biran)
* 靡(び)麗(れい) (birei)
* 夷(い)靡(び) (ibi)
* 委(い)靡(び) (ibi)
* 猗(い)靡(び) (ibi)
* 萎(い)靡(び) (ibi)
* 陁(い)靡(び) (ibi)
* 阤(い)靡(び) (ibi)
* 淫(いん)靡(び) (inbi)
* 華(か)靡(び) (kabi)
* 綺(き)靡(び) (kibi)
* 旗(き)靡(び) (kibi)
* 軽(けい)靡(び) (keibi)
* 傾靡
* 妍靡
* 侈(し)靡(び) (shibi)
* 奢(しゃ)靡(び) (shabi)
* 従靡
* 胥(しょ)靡(び) (shobi)
* 靃(すい)靡(び) (suibi)
* 繊(せん)靡(び) (senbi)
* 頽靡
* 披(ひ)靡(び) (hibi)
* 微靡
* 浮(ふ)靡(び) (fubi)
* 風(ふう)靡(び) (fūbi)
* 沸(ふつ)靡(び) (futsubi)
* 曼靡
* 離靡
* 麗(れい)靡(び) (reibi)

### References

* 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “靡”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

靡 (eum 미 (mi))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

靡: Hán Nôm readings: mị
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.