# 燂

| 燂 | U+71C2, &#29122; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C2 |
| ← 燁 [U+71C1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 燃 → [U+71C3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

燂 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火一田十 (FMWJ), four-corner 9184$_6$, composition ⿰火覃)
* smoke, fumes
* tobacco, opium

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19391
* Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2232, character 13
* Unihan data for U+71C2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 燂
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 鷣 | *luː, *lɯm |
| 撢 | *l̥ʰɯːm, *l'ɯːms, *lɯm, *ʔl'aːnʔ |
| 憛 | *l̥ʰɯːms |
| 潭 | *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ |
| 譚 | *l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 覃 | *l'ɯːm |
| 鐔 | *l'ɯːm, *ljɯm, *lɯm |
| 藫 | *l'ɯːm |
| 橝 | *l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 蟫 | *l'ɯːm, *lɯm |
| 燂 | *l'ɯːm, *zlom, *ljum |
| 醰 | *l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms |
| 禫 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 嘾 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 贉 | *l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms |
| 瞫 | *l'ɯːms, *hljɯmʔ |
| 蕈 | *zlɯmʔ |
| 鱏 | *ljɯm, *lɯm |
| 簟 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 驔 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 磹 | *l'ɯːms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *zlom, *ljum): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán, qián (tan$^2$, qian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ, ㄑㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taam$^4$ / cim$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$doe; $^6$zhi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qián
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$
*** Yale: chyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^4$ / cim$^4$
*** Yale: tàahm / chìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^4$ / tsim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^4$ / qim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm²¹/, /t͡sʰiːm²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$doe; $^6$zhi
*** MiniDict: doe$^去$; zhi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$doe; $^3$xxi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dø²³/, /ʑi²³/
* Middle Chinese: dom, dzjem
Rime :
| Character | 燂 | 燂 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒含切 | 昨鹽切 |
| Baxter | dom | dzjem |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dʌm/ | /d͡ziᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dəm/ | /d͡ziɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɒm/ | /d͡zjæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəm/ | /d͡ziam/ |
| Li Rong | /dᴀm/ | /d͡ziɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /dɒm/ | /d͡zĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱăm/ | /d͡zʱi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán | qián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taam$^4$ | cim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə-lom/, /*[l]ˤom/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːm/, /*zlom/, /*ljum/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 燂 | 燂 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qián | xún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjem › | ‹ dom › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə-lom/ | /*[l]ˁom/ |
| English | heat; roast; boil (meat) | to heat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燂 | 燂 | 燂 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 12325 | 12335 | 12339 |
| Phonetic component | 覃 | 覃 | 覃 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 談 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 覃 | 潛 | |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯːm/ | /*zlom/ | /*ljum/ |

#### Definitions

燂
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to heat up
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to roast

#### Compounds

* 燂爍 / 燂烁

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 燂 – see 燖 (“to warm up”). (This character is a variant form of 燖).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02431
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02434-002