OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# modelle
## Finnish
### Noun

modelle
* allative singular of mode

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moˈdɛl.le/
* Rhymes: -ɛlle
* Hyphenation: mo‧dèl‧le

### Noun

modelle f
* plural of modella

## Middle French
### Etymology

Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus.

### Noun

modelle m (plural modelles)
* template; model
* model; replica; reconstruction

#### Descendants

* French: modèle
** → Azerbaijani: model
** → Bulgarian: моде́л (modél)
** → Chinese: → 模特兒 / 模特儿, → 模特 (mótè) (transliteration)
** → Crimean Tatar: model
** → English: model, modell (see there for further descendants)
** → Persian: مدل
** → Russian: модель (modelʹ)
** → Serbo-Croatian: модел, mòdel
** → Turkish: model
** → Ukrainian: модель (modelʹ)
** → Vietnamese: mô-đen
* → Dutch: model
** Afrikaans: model
** Negerhollands: modell
** → Caribbean Javanese: modhèl, modhèlan, modho
** → Indonesian: model
** → West Frisian: model
# mueve
## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish nueve (“nine”), from Latin novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Portuguese nove, Spanish nueve, and more distantly Yiddish נײַן (nayn).

#### Numeral

mueve (Hebrew spelling מואיב׳י)
* nine (9)
** 2006, Matilda Koén‐Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 80:Una demanyana, ayá a las mueve, ensupitó entraron en la kazika onde morávamos en Mombaroccio dos soldados almanes kon dos geynas muertas en la mano.One morning at nine, two German soldiers with two dead hens in hand suddenly entered the little house in Mombaroccio where we were living.

##### Alternative forms

* nueve

##### Related terms

* noveno
* noventa

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mueve (Hebrew spelling מואיב׳י)
* third-person singular present indicative of mover

#### References

* ↑ “mueve”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmwebe/ [ˈmwe.β̞e]
* Rhymes: -ebe
* Syllabification: mue‧ve
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

mueve
* inflection of mover:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
# panginain
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pang- +‎ kinain, from kain +‎ -in-. Sense “web browser” is a semantic loan from English browser (“person or animal who browses; web browser”) where English browse in this case referred to its older meaning “to feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze; to move about while eating parts of plants” and not the more common meaning today “to scan, to casually look through”.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paŋiˈnaʔin/ [pɐ.ŋɪˈn̪aː.ʔɪn̪]
* Rhymes: -aʔin
* Syllabification: pa‧ngi‧na‧in

### Noun

panginain (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅᜒᜈᜁᜈ᜔)
* grazing or feeding of animals with grass; pasturing
    Synonym: sabsab
* (Internet, neologism) web browser

#### Alternative forms

* (web browser): panghinain

#### Derived terms

* magpanginain
* panginainan

#### Related terms

* manginain
* pangingina-nginain
* panginginain

#### See also

* pahina

### Further reading

* Calderón, Sofronio G. (1915) Diccionario Ingles-Español-Tagalog (con partes de la oracion y pronunciacion figurada), Manila: Imprenta de J. Martínez, page 317.
* Daluz, Eusebio T. (1915) Filipino-English vocabulary: with practical example of Filipino and English grammars, Manila: Akademya ng Wikang Filipino, page 110.

### Anagrams

* nanaginip
# patra
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpatra]

### Noun

patra
* inflection of patro:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Esperanto
### Etymology

patro +‎ -a

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

patra (accusative singular patran, plural patraj, accusative plural patrajn)
* paternal, father's, fatherly

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦠꦿ (patra, “leaf”), from Old Javanese patra, pattra (“wing; feather; leaf, petal; letter, document; plate of metal or gold-leaf”), from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra, “leaf; paper; letter; document; wing; blade”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpat.ra/, [ˈpat̪̚.ra]

### Noun

patra (plural patra-patra)
* part of the carving on the keris sheath which is in the form of regular depressions in the form of patterned lines, located at a curved corner at the top and close to the convexity at the bottom

### Further reading

* “patra” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πάτρᾱ (pátrā), πατριᾱ́ (patriā́, “lineage, descent”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.tra/
* Rhymes: -atra
* Hyphenation: pà‧tra

### Noun

patra f (plural patre)
* (historical, Ancient Greece) a group of individuals or families having a common ancestor

### Further reading

* patra in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Javanese
### Romanization

patra
* Romanization of ꦥꦠꦿ

## Latin
### Verb

patrā
* second-person singular present active imperative of patrō

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.tra/
* Rhymes: -tra
* Homophone: pātra
* Hyphenation: pa‧tra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra, “leaf; paper; letter; document; wing; blade”).

#### Noun

patra
* Alternative spelling of pattra

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit पात्र (pātra).

#### Noun

patra
* name

##### Derived terms

* apatra

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra, “leaf; paper; letter; document; wing; blade”).

#### Noun

patra
* sword

### Further reading

* "patra" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.tra/

### Adjective

a patra f (ordinal form of patru, masculine al patrulea)
* fourth
# pattra
## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra, “leaf; paper; letter; document; wing; blade”).

### Noun

pattra
* leaf
* petal
* wing of a bird
* feather
* letter
* document
* any thin plate of metal or gold-leaf

#### Alternative forms

* patra

#### Derived terms

* mapattra
* pinattra
* asipattra
* baṅśapattra
* gandhapattra
* kaṅkapattra
* sahasrapattra
* supattra
* suwalapattra
* tigapattra
* tripattra
* waṅśapattra
* śatapattra

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦥꦠꦿ (patra) (inherited)
** → Indonesian: patra

### Further reading

* "pattra" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# cicianne
## Turkish
### Etymology

From cici +‎ anne.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ci‧ci‧an‧ne

### Noun

cicianne (definite accusative cicianneyi, plural cicianneler)
* stepmother
    Synonym: üvey anne

### References

* “cicianne”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# piovere
## Italian
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *plovere, from Classical Latin pluere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpjɔ.ve.re/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvere
* Hyphenation: piò‧ve‧re

### Verb

piòvere (first-person singular present piòvo, first-person singular past historic piòvvi, past participle piovùto, auxiliary (impersonal or intransitive) èssere or (impersonal or transitive) avére)
* (intransitive, impersonal) to rain [auxiliary avere or essere]
* (intransitive, impersonal, by extension) to drip [auxiliary avere or essere]
* (intransitive) to fall (from the sky) (of rainwater) [auxiliary essere]
    piovono le gocce via via più grandibigger and bigger (rain)drops are falling
* (intransitive, informal, figurative, by extension) to fall from above, to rain down [auxiliary essere]
    piovono sassistones are raining down
* (intransitive, informal, figurative, by extension) to come in large quantities [auxiliary essere]
    piovono insulti da ogni parteinsults are flying in from all angles(literally, “insults are coming in large quantities from everywhere”)
* (transitive, literary) to (cause to) rain, to rain down [auxiliary avere]
** Padre e Signor, s'al popol tuo piovesti / Già le dolci rugiade entro al desertoFather and Lord, if you rained upon your people / already the sweet dews within the desert(Torquato Tasso, La Gerusalemme Liberata, Canto XIII)

#### Usage notes

* The non-third-person forms are rare, but as shown in the examples above, they do exist.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Impersonal or intransitive. $^2$Impersonal or transitive.

#### Related terms

* pioggia
* piovigginare
* piovoso
* ripiovere
* spiovere

### Anagrams

* vipereo
# ralle
## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian Nynorsk ralla, which is in turn from Dutch rallen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁɑlə]

### Verb

ralle (imperative ral, infinitive at ralle, present tense raller, past tense rallede, perfect tense har rallet)
* to produce unclear, inarticulate sounds, e.g. due to mucus or fluid in the respiratory tract and often in connection with weakness, intoxication or death throes.

#### Conjugation

activepassive
present
raller
ralles
past
rallede
ralledes
infinitive
ralle
ralles
imperative
rall
participle
present
rallende
past
rallet (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
rallen :

#### Related terms

* harke

### References

* “ralle” in Den Danske Ordbog

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ralle
* inflection of rallen:
** first-person singular present
** first/third-person singular subjunctive I
** singular imperative

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈral.le/
* Rhymes: -alle
* Hyphenation: ràl‧le

### Noun

ralle
* plural of ralla

## Latin
### Adjective

ralle
* vocative masculine singular of rallus

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraʝe/ [ˈra.ʝe]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /ˈraʝe/ [ˈra.ʝe]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /ˈraʎe/ [ˈra.ʎe]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈraʃe/ [ˈra.ʃe]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈraʒe/ [ˈra.ʒe]
* Rhymes: -aʝe
* Rhymes: -aʝe
* Rhymes: -aʎe
* Rhymes: -aʃe
* Rhymes: -aʒe
* Syllabification: ra‧lle

### Verb

ralle
* inflection of rallar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# veille
## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin vigilia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛj/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

veille f (plural veilles)
* the day before, the eve
    Antonym: lendemain
    la veille de Noël ― Christmas Eve
    la veille du jour de l’an ― New Year's Eve
* (by extension) the era or while before something; eve
    Jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, la cause de l’immigration italienne en France était essentiellement économique. ― Until the eve of World War I, the cause of Italian immigration to France was essentially economic.
* wakefulness
    Antonym: sommeil
* (night) watch, vigil
* (computing) standby

#### Synonyms

* (Eve): le réveillon

#### Coordinate terms

Dates relative to today in French (layout · text) :
| | –3 | –2 | –1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 |
| direct speech | three days ago | two days ago | yesterday | today | tomorrow | in two days | in three days |
| direct speech | avant-avant-hier | avant-hier | hier | aujourd’hui | demain | après-demain | après-après-demain |
| reported speech | three days before, three days earlier | two days before, two days earlier | the day before | on that day | the next day | two days later | three days later |
| reported speech | trois jours plus tôt | l’avant-veille | la veille | ce jour-là | le lendemain | le surlendemain | trois jours plus tard |

#### Derived terms

* avant-veille
* à veille de
* ce n’est pas demain la veille
* écran de veille
* lendemain de veille

#### Related terms

* veiller (verb)

### Further reading

* “veille”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* vielle, viellé

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* vedille (archaic)
* ville, verille (late)
* velle (hapax; unusual)

### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *vĭtīcula, from Late Latin vītīcula, from Classical Latin vītĭcula.
The reason for the development of a variant verille is unclear.

### Pronunciation

* (archaic) IPA: /vəˈðiʎə/
* (classical) IPA: /vəˈiʎə/
* (late) IPA: /ˈviʎə/, /vəˈɾiʎə/

### Noun

veille oblique singular, f (oblique plural veilles, nominative singular veille, nominative plural veilles)
* tendril

#### Descendants

* French: vrille

### References

* “veïlle f.”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-.
# amonestar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin *admonestrāre, from Classical Latin admoneō (“remind, warn”), from ad + moneō (“warn, advise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ə.mu.nəsˈta]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ə.mo.nəsˈta]
* IPA: (Valencia) [a.mo.nesˈtaɾ]

### Verb

amonestar (first-person singular present amonesto, first-person singular preterite amonestí, past participle amonestat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* (transitive) to admonish, reprimand
* (transitive, sports) to book
* (transitive) to publish the banns of

#### Derived terms

* amonestació
* amonestador
* amonestament

### Further reading

* “amonestar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “amonestar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “amonestar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “amonestar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin *admonesstrāre (compare Old French amonester, Portuguese admoestar), from Classical Latin admoneō (“remind, warn”), from ad + moneō (“warn, advise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /amonesˈtaɾ/ [a.mo.nesˈt̪aɾ]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧mo‧nes‧tar

### Verb

amonestar (first-person singular present amonesto, first-person singular preterite amonesté, past participle amonestado)
* to warn; to reprimand; to admonish

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* amonestación
* amonestador
* amonestamiento

### Further reading

* “amonestar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# cruna
## Italian
### Etymology

Probably from a Vulgar Latin corūna, from Classical Latin corōna (“garland, wreath, crown”), whence also Italian corona.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkru.na/
* Rhymes: -una
* Hyphenation: crù‧na

### Noun

cruna f (plural crune)
* eye, scarf (of a needle)

### References

* ↑ cruna in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
* ↑ Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) “cruna”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati
* ↑ cruna in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# caviglia
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Occitan cavilla (compare modern cavilha), from Vulgar Latin *cāvic(u)la, from Classical Latin clāvicula, diminutive of clāvis (“key”). Compare the doublets cavicchia (inherited from Latin), clavicola (borrowed from Latin).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈviʎ.ʎa/
* Rhymes: -iʎʎa
* Hyphenation: ca‧vì‧glia
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

caviglia f (plural caviglie)
* ankle
* pin, peg

#### Descendants

* Greek: καβίλια f (kavília, “treenail, dowel, peg”)

### Anagrams

* cagliavi
# ferrare
## Asturian
### Verb

ferrare
* inflection of ferrar:
** first/third-person singular pluperfect indicative
** first/third-person singular imperfect preterite subjunctive

## Italian
### Etymology

From ferro (“iron”) +‎ -are, or from a Late Latin ferrāre (cf. Classical Latin ferrātus), from Latin ferrum. Compare French ferrer, Catalan and Portuguese ferrar, Spanish herrar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ferˈra.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: fer‧rà‧re

### Verb

ferràre (first-person singular present fèrro, first-person singular past historic ferrài, past participle ferràto, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive) to shoe (a horse)
* (transitive) to hoop (a barrel)
* (transitive) to reinforce (a door, chest, etc.) with iron

#### Related terms

* ferro

### Anagrams

* ferrerà

## Spanish
### Verb

ferrare
* first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ferrar
# dépendre
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de.pɑ̃dʁ/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *dēpendĕre, from Classical Latin dēpendēre. By surface analysis, dé- +‎ pendre.

#### Verb

dépendre
* (absolutive) to depend (to be uncertain or contingent)
    Ça dépend. ― That depends.
* to depend (to be contingent) [with de ‘on something’]
    La réponse dépend de la question. ― The answer depends on the question.
    comme si sa vie en dépendait ― like one's life depended on it
    même si ma vie en dépendait ― for the life of me, to save my life
** 2014, Paradis, Garde-le pour toi:Tout ce qu’on a de commun, garde-le pour toi. Ce que tu feras demain ne dépend pas de moi.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to depend, to rely (for support) [with de ‘on someone’]
    On ne dépend de personne. ― We don't depend on anyone.
    Adrien et son frère dépendent l’un de l’autre. ― Adrien and his brother depend on each other.
* to belong to, to be part of [with de ‘something’]
    Il acheta l’établissement avec tout ce qui en dépendait. ― He purchased the establishment, along with all that belonged to it.
* (impersonal) it's up to [with de ‘someone’, along with de (+ infinitive) or che (+ subjunctive clause) ‘to do something’] (often negated using ne ... que, which may not be translated)
** 1856, Francis Linossier, Les mystères de Lyon, page 181:S’il ne dépend que de moi, je vous promets de vous y faire arriver promptement.If it's up to me, I promise to get you there quickly.

##### Derived terms

* dépendance
** indépendance
* dépendant
** indépendant

#### See also

* compter sur

### Etymology 2

From dé- +‎ pendre.

#### Verb

dépendre
* (transitive) to unhang
* (transitive) to remove from a gallows

### Further reading

* “dépendre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# cernita
## Italian
### Etymology

From Late Latin cernĭtu(m) (compare Classical Latin crētus), perfect passive participle of cernō. By surface analysis, cernere +‎ -ita.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɛr.ni.ta/, /t͡ʃerˈni.ta/
* Rhymes: -ɛrnita, -ita
* Hyphenation: cèr‧ni‧ta, cer‧nì‧ta

### Noun

cernita f (plural cernite)
* sorting, selection, choice

### Further reading

* cernita in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* cernita in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
* cernita in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* cernita in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* cèrnita in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* cèrnita in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* canteri, carenti, cartine, centrai, cintare, cinterà, citarne, crenati, cretina, entraci, incerta, narteci, natrice, recanti, recinta, trincea
# scrittorio
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skritˈtɔ.rjo/
* Rhymes: -ɔrjo
* Hyphenation: scrit‧tò‧rio

### Etymology 1

From Latin scrīptōrius, derived from scrīptus (“written”), perfect passive participle of scrībō (“to write”).

#### Adjective

scrittorio (feminine scrittoria, masculine plural scrittori, feminine plural scrittorie) (literary)
* (relational) writing; specifically:
** used for writing
** related to writing (particularly regarding amanuenses in the Middle Ages)
** (linguistics) related to a particular way of writing

##### Related terms

* scritto
* scrittore
* scrittura

#### Further reading

* scrittorio$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin scrīptōrium (“writing desk; writing room”), derived from Classical Latin scrīptus (“written”), perfect passive participle of scrībō (“to write”). Doublet of scrittoio.

#### Noun

scrittorio m (plural scrittori) (historical)
* a scriptorium in a monastery
* (by extension, literary) a scriptorium

#### Further reading

* scrittorio$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### References

* ↑ scrittorio in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
# noctule
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French noctule, a latinised scientific borrowing of the Italian nottola (refers to various birds or bats), inherited from Late Latin noctula, diminutive of Classical Latin noctua (“night-owl”), ultimately from Latin nox (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Per the OED, first attested in English in 1771.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈnɒktjuːl/
* (US) IPA: /ˈnɑkt͡ʃul/

### Noun

noctule (plural noctules)
* A bat, of the genus Nyctalus, that lives in tree hollows.

#### Derived terms

* Azores noctule
* birdlike noctule
* Chinese noctule
* common noctule
* greater noctule bat
* Japanese noctule
* lesser noctule
* mountain noctule

#### Descendants

* →? Catalan: nòctul
* → Spanish: nóctulo

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Lecount

## French
### Etymology

Coined in 1760 by Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton (quoted below) as a latinised borrowing of the Italian nottola (name for various bats and birds).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔk.tyl/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

noctule f (plural noctules)
* noctule
** 1760, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton, Histoire Naturelle, volume VIII:La troisième espèce, que nous appellerons la noctule, du mot italien nottola...The third species, which we shall call the noctule, from the Italian word nottola...

#### Descendants

* → English: noctule
** →? Catalan: nòctul
** → Spanish: nóctulo
* → New Latin: noctula

### Further reading

* “noctule”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# estel
## Catalan
### Etymology

Probably from a Vulgar Latin *stēlum, from an interpretation of stēla (from Classical Latin stēlla) as a neuter plural, through analogy with other words such as Latin signa, sidera, and astra, respective neuter plurals of signum, sidus, and astrum. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. See also Catalan estela, and estrella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əsˈtɛl]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əsˈtəl]
* IPA: (Valencia) [esˈtɛl]
* Audio (Catalonia):(file)

### Noun

estel m (plural estels)
* star
    Synonym: estrella
* kite (flying toy)
    Synonyms: grua, catxerulo, miloca, milotxa

### References

* ↑ “estel”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

### Further reading

* “estel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “estel” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “estel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# piagare
## Italian
### Etymology

From Late Latin plāgāre (“to strike”), derived from Classical Latin plāga (“plague; blow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pjaˈɡa.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: pia‧gà‧re

### Verb

piagàre (first-person singular present piàgo, first-person singular past historic piagài, past participle piagàto, auxiliary avére) (transitive)
* to produce sores
* (archaic or literary) to wound, to hurt
* (archaic or literary, figurative, by extension) to wound or hurt emotionally; to afflict profoundly
* (archaic or literary, figurative) to make (someone) fall madly in love
* (archaic or literary, figurative) to corrupt morally, to deprave

#### Derived terms

* piagarsi

### Further reading

* piagare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana