# fluid
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English fluid, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), from Latin fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”). Akin to Ancient Greek φλύειν (phlúein, “to swell; overflow”). Not related to English flow, which is a native, inherited word from *plew-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfluːɪd/, /ˈflɪu̯ɪd/
* (obsolete) IPA: /ˈfljuːɪd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːɪd

### Noun

fluid (countable and uncountable, plural fluids)
* Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.
** 2013 March, Frank Fish, George Lauder, “Not Just Going with the Flow”, in American Scientist‎, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 1 May 2013, page 114:An extreme version of vorticity is a vortex. The vortex is a spinning, cyclonic mass of fluid, which can be observed in the rotation of water going down a drain, as well as in smoke rings, tornados and hurricanes.
* A liquid (as opposed to a solid or gas).
** 1992, Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press, Christopher W. Morris, Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, →ISBN, page 854:fluid inclusion Petrology, a tiny fluid- or gas-filled cavity in an igneous rock. 1-100 micrometers in diameter, formed by the entrapment of a fluid, typically that from which the rock crystallized.
** 1995, David Kemper, Michael Piller, “Time and Again”, in Star Trek: Voyager, season 1, episode 4, spoken by The Doctor and Kes (Robert Picardo and Jennifer Lien):The Doctor: Get a good night's sleep and drink plenty of fluids. / Kes: Fluids? / The Doctor: Everybody should drink plenty of fluids.
** 2006, Jörg Fitter, Thomas Gutberlet, Neutron Scattering in Biology: Techniques and Applications, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 236:For studying interfaces between solid and another solid, fluid, or gas, a sample can be oriented with its reflecting surface(s) vertical (and with the scattering plane, as defined by nominal incident and reflected wavevectors, horizontal).
** 2011, Andrew T Raftery, Michael S. Delbridge, Marcus J. D. Wagstaff, Churchill's Pocketbook of Surgery, International Edition E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 11:Tenderness: is the lump tender? Composition: is the mass solid, fluid or gas?
** 2012, Will Pettijohn P.E.C., Oil & Gas Handbook: A Roughneck's guide to the Universe, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 23:The choke manifold then expels the fluid or gas to the gas buster or a panic line. The panic line will then either send the fluid or gas to the reserve pit or a flare stack or flare tank.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:fluid.
* (specifically, medicine, colloquial, typically in the plural) Intravenous fluids.

#### Derived terms

* amber fluid
* amniotic fluid
* amniotic fluid embolism
* base fluid
* biofluid
* blinker fluid
* bodily fluid
* body fluid
* brain fluid
* brake fluid
* Carrel-Dakin fluid
* cerebrospinal fluid
* cleaning fluid
* computational fluid dynamics
* corflu
* correcting fluid
* correction fluid
* Cowper's fluid
* cryofluid
* cutting fluid
* dark fluid
* diesel exhaust fluid
* drilling fluid
* elastofluid
* embalming fluid
* ferrofluid
* fluidarity
* fluid-bonded
* fluid-bound
* fluid drachm
* fluid dynamics
* fluid-elastic
* fluid feeder
* fluidglycerate
* fluidification
* fluidiform
* fluid intelligence
* fluidisation
* fluidism
* fluidist
* fluidless
* fluidlike
* fluid loading
* fluid measure
* fluid mechanics
* fluid ounce
* fluidram
* fluidynamics
* fog fluid
* gargling fluid
* gender-fluid
* geofluid
* gyrofluid
* headlight fluid
* interstitial fluid
* lacrimal fluid
* lighter fluid
* magnetofluid
* magnetorheological fluid
* menstrual fluid
* microfluid
* multifluid
* nanofluid
* nano-fluid
* Newtonian fluid
* nonfluid
* non-Newtonian fluid
* palaeofluid
* paleofluid
* Pasteur's fluid
* penetrating fluid
* pericardial fluid
* pseudofluid
* roughing fluid
* seminal fluid
* serofluid
* spinal fluid
* starting fluid
* subfluid
* supercritical fluid
* superfluid
* synovial fluid
* tear fluid
* thermofluid
* thread-locking fluid
* vaginal fluid

#### Translations

Arabic: سَائِل m (sāʔil), مَائِع m (māʔiʕ)
Armenian: հեղուկ (hy) (heġuk)
Bulgarian: флуид m (fluid)
Catalan: fluid (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 流體 / 流体 (zh) (liútǐ)
Czech: kapalina (cs) f, tekutina (cs) f
Danish: væske (da) c
Dutch: fluïdum (nl) n
Egyptian: (rḏw)
Esperanto: likvo (eo)
Finnish: fluidi (fi), juokseva aine, virtaava aine
French: fluide (fr) m
Georgian: სითხე (sitxe)
German: Fluid (de) n, Flüssigkeit (de) f
Greek: ρευστό (el) n (refstó)
Ancient: χύμα n (khúma)
Gujarati: પ્રવાહી (pravāhī)
Hebrew: נוזל (he)
Hindi: द्रव (hi) m (drav), तरल (hi) (taral)
Hungarian: folyadék (hu)
Icelandic: straumefni n, kvikefni n
Indonesian: fluida (id)
Interlingua: fluido
Irish: sreabhán (ga) m
Italian: fluido (it) m
Japanese: 流体 (ja) (りゅうたい, ryūtai), 液体 (ja) (えきたい, ekitai)
Korean: 유체 (ko) (yuche), 유동체 (yudongche)
Latin: latex m, liquidus, fūsilis
Latvian: šķidrums (lv) m
Macedonian: течност (mk) f (tečnost)
Malay: بندالير (bendalir)
Malayalam: ദ്രാവകം (ml) (drāvakaṁ)
Maori: kūtere, wē
Mohawk: ohné:kaʼ
Norwegian:
Bokmål: væske (no) m or f, fluid (no) n
Nynorsk: væske f, fluid n
Pannonian Rusyn: чечносц f (čečnosc)
Polish: płyn (pl) m, ciecz (pl) f
Portuguese: fluido (pt) m
Romanian: fluid (ro) n
Russian: жи́дкость (ru) f (žídkostʹ), флюи́д (ru) m (fljuíd)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: течност f
Latin: tečnost (sh) f
Slovene: tekočína f
Spanish: fluido (es)
Swedish: vätska (sv) c
Tagalog: lapuyot
Thai: ของไหล (th) (kɔ̌ɔng-lǎi)
Turkish: akışkan (tr)
Vietnamese: chất lưu (vi) :

### Adjective

fluid (comparative more fluid, superlative most fluid)
* (not comparable) Of or relating to fluid.
* In a state of flux; subject to change.
** 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.
* Moving smoothly, or giving the impression of a liquid in motion.
** 1983 December 31, Kenneth Hale-Wehmann, “The Business of Sex and Affection”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 24, page 8:Tom of the fluid pelvis, undulating about the living room in defiance of Michael's taboo on sensuality.
* (of an asset) Convertible into cash.
* (rare) Genderfluid.
** 2017, Rick Riordan, Magnus Chase and the Hammer of Thor (→ISBN), page 274 (the genderfluid character Alex Fierro is speaking):
    “Oh, Loki made sure of that. My mortal parents blamed him for the way I was, for being fluid.”
** 2021 April 24, Adrian Horton, “‘The uprisings opened up the door’: the TV cop shows confronting a harmful legacy”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:As do renewals in genres such as romcoms and teen movies, which have updated sexist, heteronormative tropes to reflect audiences’ fluid, inclusive, queer realities.

#### Synonyms

* (of or relating to fluid): fluidical, liquid; see also Thesaurus:fluidic
* (subject to change): unstable, variable; see also Thesaurus:changeable
* (moving smoothly): fluent, fluxive; see also Thesaurus:flowing or Thesaurus:runny

#### Derived terms

* fluidly
* fluidness
* fluid-S
* unfluid

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Related terms

* fluctuate
* fluctuation
* fluency
* fluent
* flux
* fluidal
* fluidic
* fluidics
* fluidify
* fluidise
* fluidize
* fluidity
* fluidous
* semifluid

### References

* ↑ “Fluid” in John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, 1791, →OCLC, page 245.

### Further reading

* “fluid”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “fluid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “fluid”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fluidus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈflujt]

### Adjective

fluid (feminine fluida, masculine plural fluids, feminine plural fluides)
* fluid
    Synonym: fluent
* (figurative) fluid, fluent, smooth
    estil fluid ― fluid style

#### Derived terms

* fluïdesa
* superfluid

#### Related terms

* fluir
* fluïditat

### Noun

fluid m (plural fluids)
* fluid

#### Derived terms

* fluïditzar

#### Related terms

* fluídica

### Further reading

* “fluid” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “fluid”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “fluid” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “fluid” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## German
### Adjective

fluid (strong nominative masculine singular fluider, not comparable)
* fluid
    Synonym: flüssig
** 2021 April 13, Stefan Reinecke, “Debatte um Normalität: Das Normale ist flüssig geworden”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎, →ISSN:Normalität ist nichts Statisches mehr, sie ist mobil, fluide, dehnbar. Wir brauchen sie, aber ohne Ausrufezeichen. Wahrscheinlich ist sie nur als Zwiespältigkeit zu haben.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “fluid” in Duden online
* “fluid” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

fluid n (definite singular fluidet, indefinite plural fluid or fluider, definite plural fluida or fluidene)
* a fluid

#### Synonyms

* væske

#### Derived terms

* fluidmekanikk

### References

* “fluid” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

fluid n (definite singular fluidet, indefinite plural fluid, definite plural fluida)
* a fluid

#### Synonyms

* væske

#### Derived terms

* fluidmekanikk

### References

* “fluid” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English fluid, French fluide, German Fluid, ultimately from Latin fluidus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflu.it/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uit
* Syllabification: flu‧id

### Noun

fluid m inan
* (cosmetics) foundation (cosmetic cream roughly skin-colored, designed to make the face appear uniform in color and texture)
    Synonyms: make-up, podkład
    Hypernym: kosmetyk
* (electricity, historical) fluid (continuous, weightless substance that was formerly identified with or considered the essence of electricity, heat, and magnetism)
    Hypernym: substancja
* (chiefly in the plural, occult) fluid (mysterious energy that can be transmitted through living organisms, objects, and places, and then received by others, affecting the environment and the atmosphere in it)

#### Related terms

* fluidalny
* fluidyzacyjny
* fluidyzacja
* fluidyzator

### Further reading

* fluid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* fluid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French fluide, from Latin fluidus.

### Adjective

fluid m or n (feminine singular fluidă, masculine plural fluizi, feminine and neuter plural fluide)
* fluid

#### Related terms

* fluiditate

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flûiːd/
* Hyphenation: flu‧id

### Noun

flȕīd m (Cyrillic spelling флу̏ӣд)
* fluid

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Verb

fluid
* second-person plural imperative of fluir