# 竿

| 竿 | U+7AFF, &#31487; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AFF |
| ← 竾 [U+7AFE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 笀 → [U+7B00] |

## Translingual
### Han character

竿 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹一十 (HMJ), four-corner 8840$_1$, composition ⿱𥫗干)

#### Derived characters

* 𥮌, 𣈨, 𣔼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 878, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25854
* Dae Jaweon: page 1306, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2948, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7AFF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
| 肝 | *kaːn |
| 竿 | *kaːn |
| 干 | *kaːn |
| 奸 | *kaːn |
| 玕 | *kaːn |
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 迀 | *kaːn |
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 鳱 | *kaːn |
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ |
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ |
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ |
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ |
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ |
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ |
| 旰 | *kaːns |
| 盰 | *kaːns |
| 幹 | *kaːns |
| 杆 | *kaːns |
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ |
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ |
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ |
| 刊 | *kʰaːn |
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn |
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
| 虷 | *ɡaːn |
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 釬 | *ɡaːns |
| 扞 | *ɡaːns |
| 閈 | *ɡaːns |
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 悍 | *ɡaːns |
| 銲 | *ɡaːns |
| 垾 | *ɡaːns |
| 駻 | *ɡaːns |
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
| 娨 | *ɡraːns |
| 飦 | *kan |
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
| 軒 | *qʰan |
| 蓒 | *qʰan |
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːn): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gān (gan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gan$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ган (gan, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gon$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kan / koaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guan$^1$ / go$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gān
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gan
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$
*** Yale: gān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
*** Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānr
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganr
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: gānr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gal
*** Palladius: ганьр (ganʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gan
*** Sinological IPA : /kan⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ган (gan, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gon$^1$
*** Yale: gōn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gon$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan / koaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kan / kuann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafn, kvoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/, /kuã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
* kan - literary;
* koaⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: kan
Rime :
| Character | 竿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古寒切 |
| Baxter | kan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kan/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gon$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kan › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁar/ |
| English | pole, rod |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3569 |
| Phonetic component | 干 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 干 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːn/ |

### Definitions

竿
* bamboo pole
* Classifier for bamboo.
* a surname, Gan

#### Synonyms

* (bamboo pole):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 竹竿, 竿 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 竹竿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 竹竿兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 竹竿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 竹竿子, 竹竿兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 竹竿兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 竹竿子, 竹竿兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 竹竿兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 竹竿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 竹竿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 竹竿子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 竹竿兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 竹竿子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 竹竿子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 竹竿, 竹子竿竿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 篙子, 竹篙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 竹桿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 竹竿, 竹篙 thick |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 竹竿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 竹篙子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 竹篙, 竹竿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 竹, 竹竿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 竹竿 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 竹竿 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 竹仔, 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 竹竿 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 笐篙, 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 竹篙 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 竹篙, 竹竿 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 竹篙 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 竹篙 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 竹篙, 竹竿, 竹棍仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Changting | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 笐篙 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 竹桿, 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 竹竿 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 竹竿, 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 竹篙 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 竹篙 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 竹竿, 笐竿 † |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 竹竿子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 竹竿子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 竹笐 † |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 竹笐 † |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 竹笐 † |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 竹㫰 † |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 竹㫰 † |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 竹㫰 † |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 竹竿, 竹笐 †, 竹篙 boat |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 竹笐 † |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 竹槓 † |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 竹笐 † |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 竹篙 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 竹篙 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 竹篙 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 竹篙 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 竹桿, 竹篙 † |
| Wu | Shanghai | 竹竿 |
| Wu | Danyang | 竹竿竿, 笐竿 † |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 竹竿 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 笐竿 † |
| Wu | Jinhua | 竹篙 boat, 笐竿 †, 竹笐 † |
| Xiang | Changsha | 竹篙 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 竹篙 |
| Note | † - for hang-drying clothes | † - for hang-drying clothes |

### Compounds

* 一竿子
* 三竿
* 三竿日上
* 八竿子打不著 / 八竿子打不着 (bā gānzi dǎbùzháo)
* 北竿 (Běigān)
* 南竿 (Nángān)
* 危竿
* 叉竿
* 幕竿
* 投竿
* 探竿影草
* 揭竿
* 揭竿而起 (jiēgān'érqǐ)
* 撐竿跳 / 撑竿跳
* 旗竿 (qígān)
* 日上三竿 (rìshàngsāngān)
* 日出三竿
* 更轉一竿 / 更转一竿
* 望竿
* 標竿 / 标竿 (biāogān)
* 滑竿 (huágān)
* 火染旛竿
* 爆竿
* 爬竿
* 百丈竿頭 / 百丈竿头
* 百尺竿頭 / 百尺竿头
* 萬丈竿頭 / 万丈竿头
* 立竿見影 / 立竿见影 (lìgānjiànyǐng)
* 竹竿 (zhúgān)
* 竹竿舞
* 竿子 (gānzi)
* 竿牘 / 竿牍
* 竿累
* 竿蓁 (Gānzhēn)
* 竿頭一步 / 竿头一步
* 筋竿
* 粘竿
* 紅日三竿 / 红日三竿
* 苞苴竿牘 / 苞苴竿牍
* 釣竿 / 钓竿 (diàogān)
* 釣魚竿 / 钓鱼竿 (diàoyúgān)
* 鉤竿子 / 钩竿子
* 長竿 / 长竿
* 順竿兒爬 / 顺竿儿爬
* 順竿子 / 顺竿子
* 高竿
* 鬧竿兒 / 闹竿儿
* 魚竿 / 鱼竿 (yúgān)

### References

* “竿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* rod, pole
* beam

#### Readings

* Go-on: かん (kan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: さお (sao, 竿)
* Nanori: さお (sao)

#### Compounds

* 竿(かん)首(しゅ) (kanshu)
* 竿(かん)頭(とう) (kantō)
* 竿(かん)灯(とう) (kantō)
* 竿(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
* 竿(さお)石(いし) (saoishi)
* 竿(さお)竹(だけ) (saodake)
* 竿(さお)立(だ)ち (saodachi)
* 竿(さお)秤(ばかり) (saobakari)
* 一(いっ)竿(かん) (ikkan)
* 唐(から)竿(ざお) (karazao)
* 殻(から)竿(ざお) (karazao)
* 間(けん)竿(ざお) (kenzao)
* 継(つぎ)竿(ざお) (tsugizao)
* 釣(つり)竿(ざお) (tsurizao)
* 延(のべ)竿(ざお) (nobezao)
* 旗(はた)竿(ざお) (hatazao)
* 水(み)竿(さお) (misao)
* 水(み)馴(な)竿(ざお) (minazao)
* 黐(もち)竿(ざお) (mochizao)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 竿
* さお Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 竿 – see the following entry. :
| 【さお】 | [noun] pole [noun] (euphemistic, vulgar) penis Alternative spellings 棹, 桿 |
(This term, 竿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 竿
* かん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 竿 (MC kan).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

#### Counter

竿(かん) • (-kan)
* counter for poles

#### Affix

竿(かん) • (kan)
* a pole; a bamboo pole

## Korean
### Hanja

竿 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

竿: Hán Nôm readings: can, cần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.