# quod
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /kwɑd/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kwɒd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒd

### Etymology 1

Abbreviation of quadrangle; originally (17th century) referring to the quadrangles of Newgate Prison, London.

#### Noun

quod (countable and uncountable, plural quods)
* (countable) A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; a prison.
** 1863, Punch, quoted in 1995, Seán McConville, English Local Prisons, 1860-1900: Next Only to Death, page 69,
    […] not the poorer classes merely, but the rich will be desirous to enjoy the mingled luxury and comfort of a gaol: and we shall hear of blasé Swells become burglars and garotters as a prelude to a prison, and, instead of taking tours for restoration of their health, recruiting it more cheaply by a residence in quod.
** 1878, John Wrathall Bull, Early Experiences of Colonial Life in South Australia, page 264:[…] and declined their escort, desiring to be conducted to “quod” by the gallant South Australian police, […] .
** 2000, R.I.C. Publications, Workbook E: Society and Environment, page 48:From 1855-1903 a chapel was built, the boat shed and holding cell constructed, Government House was constructed as a summer residence for the Governor and the Quod (slang for prison) was constructed.
** 2006, Pip Wilson, Faces in the Street: Louisa and Henry Lawson and the Castlereagh Street Push, page 202:Pity McNamara′s still doing his stretch in the quod, but he′ll be out soon.
* (uncountable, Australia, slang) Confinement in a prison.
** c. 1894, Acquaintance of Norman Lindsay, quoted in 2005, James Cockington, Banned: Tales From the Bizarre History of Australian Obscenity, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, paperback →ISBN, page 7,
    I don′t suppose you'll get more than a couple of months′ quod for them.

##### Alternative forms

* quad

##### Translations
#### Verb

quod (third-person singular simple present quods, present participle quodding, simple past and past participle quodded)
* (slang, archaic) To confine in prison.
** 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:An intelligent costermonger, who was with me when I saw the two brothers, told me that “a costermonger would rather be thought to have come out of prison than out of a workhouse,” for his “mates” would say, if they heard he had been locked up, “O, he’s only been quodded for pitching into a crusher.”

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

quod
* (obsolete) Quoth.
** 1563, John Foxe, “Actes and Monuments”, in The Church Historians of England: Reformation Period, published 1868, Volume 8, Part 1, page 422:“Why,” quod her friend, “would ye not willingly have gone with your company, if God should so have suffered it?”
** 1908, James Gairdner, Lollardy and the Reformation in England: An Historical Survey, Cambridge University Press, published 2010, page 416:“And therefore I have granted to their request,” quod the King; […] .

### See also

* a quid for a quod
* exceptio quod metus causa
* ex falso quod libet
* pro eo quod
* proviso quod
* quod erat demonstrandum
* quod google
* quod non

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* quot

### Etymology

Inflection of quī (“who, which”), corresponding to Proto-Indo-European *kʷod, whence also Old English hwæt (English what).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kʷod/, [kʷɔd̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kwod/, [kwɔd̪]

### Pronoun

quod
* neuter nominative/accusative singular of quī

### Conjunction

quod
* which
* because
* until
* what
** Fui quod es, eris quod sum.I once was what you are; one day you shall be what I am.
* (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) that (in indirect speech)
** 13th century, “Dies Irae”
    Recordare, Jesu pie, quod sum causa tuae viaeRemember, holy Jesus, that I am the reason for your journey.

#### Related terms

* eō quod
* quid

#### Descendants

Note: in other romance languages, including the two old versions listed, it merged with the descendants of quid.
* Aromanian: cã, che
* Dalmatian: co
* Old Italian: có
* Old Neapolitan: ko (Placiti Cassinesi)
* Romanian: că
* Romansch: cu

### References

* “quod”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “quod”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "quod", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* quod in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) to fail to see what lies before one: quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre (ambiguous) the rest of one's life: quod reliquum est vitae (ambiguous) it is most fortunate that..: peropportune accidit, quod (ambiguous) you were right in...; you did right to..: recte, bene fecisti quod... (ambiguous) a thing which is rather (very) dubious: quod aliquam (magnam) dubitationem habet (Leg. Agr. 1. 4. 11) (ambiguous) as far as I know: quod sciam (ambiguous) he attained his object: id quod voluit consecutus est (ambiguous) he attained his object: ad id quod voluit pervenit (ambiguous) a proof of this is that..: argumento huic rei est, quod (ambiguous) the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam (ambiguous) a digression, episode: quod ornandi causa additum est (ambiguous) I have nothing to write about: non habeo, non est quod scribam (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod (mihi) propositum est (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod quaerimus (quaeritur) (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: institutum or id quod institui (ambiguous) as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur (ambiguous) I am pained, vexed, sorry: aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid (or with Acc. c. Inf. or quod) (ambiguous) and may God grant success: quod deus bene vertat! (ambiguous) and may heaven avert the omen! heaven preserve us from this: quod di immortales omen avertant! (Phil. 44. 11) (ambiguous) God forbid: quod abominor! (procul absit!) (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102) (ambiguous) I will give you my true opinion: dicam quod sentio (ambiguous) without wishing to boast, yet..: quod vere praedicare possum (ambiguous) which I can say without offence, arrogance: quod non arroganter dixerim (ambiguous) to except the fact that..: praeterquam quod or nisi quod (ambiguous) the main point: id quod maximum, gravissimum est (ambiguous) the main point: quod caput est (ambiguous) what is more important: quod maius est

## Middle English
### Verb

quod
* Alternative form of quath (“spoke”, etc.)
** 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Somnours Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 85, verso:No force quod he, but tel me al youre grief“No matter,” he said, “but tell me all your grief.”