# sula
## Balinese
### Romanization

sula
* Romanization of ᬲᬸᬮ
* Romanization of ᬰᬹᬮ

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suˈla/ [suˈl̪a]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: su‧la

### Noun

sulá (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
* a glare; a dazzle; a strong blinding light
    Synonyms: silaw, suriaw

#### Derived terms

* magsula
* makasula
* masula
* sulahon

## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* suwa

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: su‧la
* IPA: /suˈlaʔ/ [s̪ʊˈl̪aʔ]

#### Noun

sulâ (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
* viand

##### Derived terms

* manula
* mosula
* sulaan

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulah.

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: su‧la
* IPA: /suˈla/ [s̪ʊˈl̪a]

#### Noun

sulá (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
* blade of a leaf

##### Derived terms

* sulahan

##### See also

* dahon

## Dupaningan Agta
### Noun

sula
* cigarette

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *sula, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sula, cognate with Estonian sula. More distant cognates include Moksha соламс (solams), Komi-Permyak сывны (syvny), Udmurt сыл-сыл (syl-syl), Hungarian olvad and Southern Khanty тӑтә (tătə).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠ulɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ulɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧la

#### Adjective

sula (comparative sulempi, superlative sulin)
* molten, melted
* (of bodies of water) not covered in ice, not frozen, thawed
* (intensifier) sheer, pure, outright, utter
    sula mahdottomuus ― an utter impossibility
    se oli sulaa hulluutta ― it was pure madness

##### Declension

Possessive forms of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulani
sulani
accusative
nom.
sulani
sulani
gen.
sulani
genitive
sulani
sulieni sulaini $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaani
suliani
inessive
sulassani
sulissani
elative
sulastani
sulistani
illative
sulaani
suliini
adessive
sulallani
sulillani
ablative
sulaltani
suliltani
allative
sulalleni
sulilleni
essive
sulanani
sulinani
translative
sulakseni
sulikseni
abessive
sulattani
sulittani
instructive
comitative
—sulineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulasi
sulasi
accusative
nom.
sulasi
sulasi
gen.
sulasi
genitive
sulasi
suliesi sulaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaasi
suliasi
inessive
sulassasi
sulissasi
elative
sulastasi
sulistasi
illative
sulaasi
suliisi
adessive
sulallasi
sulillasi
ablative
sulaltasi
suliltasi
allative
sulallesi
sulillesi
essive
sulanasi
sulinasi
translative
sulaksesi
suliksesi
abessive
sulattasi
sulittasi
instructive
comitative
—sulinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulamme
sulamme
accusative
nom.
sulamme
sulamme
gen.
sulamme
genitive
sulamme
suliemme sulaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaamme
suliamme
inessive
sulassamme
sulissamme
elative
sulastamme
sulistamme
illative
sulaamme
suliimme
adessive
sulallamme
sulillamme
ablative
sulaltamme
suliltamme
allative
sulallemme
sulillemme
essive
sulanamme
sulinamme
translative
sulaksemme
suliksemme
abessive
sulattamme
sulittamme
instructive
comitative
—sulinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulanne
sulanne
accusative
nom.
sulanne
sulanne
gen.
sulanne
genitive
sulanne
sulienne sulainne $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaanne
sulianne
inessive
sulassanne
sulissanne
elative
sulastanne
sulistanne
illative
sulaanne
suliinne
adessive
sulallanne
sulillanne
ablative
sulaltanne
suliltanne
allative
sulallenne
sulillenne
essive
sulananne
sulinanne
translative
sulaksenne
suliksenne
abessive
sulattanne
sulittanne
instructive
comitative
—sulinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulansa
sulansa
accusative
nom.
sulansa
sulansa
gen.
sulansa
genitive
sulansa
suliensa sulainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaansa
suliaan suliansa
inessive
sulassaan sulassansa
sulissaan sulissansa
elative
sulastaan sulastansa
sulistaan sulistansa
illative
sulaansa
suliinsa
adessive
sulallaan sulallansa
sulillaan sulillansa
ablative
sulaltaan sulaltansa
suliltaan suliltansa
allative
sulalleen sulallensa
sulilleen sulillensa
essive
sulanaan sulanansa
sulinaan sulinansa
translative
sulakseen sulaksensa
sulikseen suliksensa
abessive
sulattaan sulattansa
sulittaan sulittansa
instructive
comitative
—sulineen sulinensa :

#### Noun

sula
* melt, molten material (any molten substance)
    kivisula ― molten rock
    voisula ― molten butter
* (metallurgy) smelt (any of the various liquids or semi-molten solids produced and used during the course of production of metal in a smelting process that involves melting and chemical reduction of metal compounds into purified metal)

##### Declension

Possessive forms of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulani
sulani
accusative
nom.
sulani
sulani
gen.
sulani
genitive
sulani
sulieni sulaini $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaani
suliani
inessive
sulassani
sulissani
elative
sulastani
sulistani
illative
sulaani
suliini
adessive
sulallani
sulillani
ablative
sulaltani
suliltani
allative
sulalleni
sulilleni
essive
sulanani
sulinani
translative
sulakseni
sulikseni
abessive
sulattani
sulittani
instructive
comitative
—sulineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulasi
sulasi
accusative
nom.
sulasi
sulasi
gen.
sulasi
genitive
sulasi
suliesi sulaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaasi
suliasi
inessive
sulassasi
sulissasi
elative
sulastasi
sulistasi
illative
sulaasi
suliisi
adessive
sulallasi
sulillasi
ablative
sulaltasi
suliltasi
allative
sulallesi
sulillesi
essive
sulanasi
sulinasi
translative
sulaksesi
suliksesi
abessive
sulattasi
sulittasi
instructive
comitative
—sulinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulamme
sulamme
accusative
nom.
sulamme
sulamme
gen.
sulamme
genitive
sulamme
suliemme sulaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaamme
suliamme
inessive
sulassamme
sulissamme
elative
sulastamme
sulistamme
illative
sulaamme
suliimme
adessive
sulallamme
sulillamme
ablative
sulaltamme
suliltamme
allative
sulallemme
sulillemme
essive
sulanamme
sulinamme
translative
sulaksemme
suliksemme
abessive
sulattamme
sulittamme
instructive
comitative
—sulinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulanne
sulanne
accusative
nom.
sulanne
sulanne
gen.
sulanne
genitive
sulanne
sulienne sulainne $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaanne
sulianne
inessive
sulassanne
sulissanne
elative
sulastanne
sulistanne
illative
sulaanne
suliinne
adessive
sulallanne
sulillanne
ablative
sulaltanne
suliltanne
allative
sulallenne
sulillenne
essive
sulananne
sulinanne
translative
sulaksenne
suliksenne
abessive
sulattanne
sulittanne
instructive
comitative
—sulinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sulansa
sulansa
accusative
nom.
sulansa
sulansa
gen.
sulansa
genitive
sulansa
suliensa sulainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
sulaansa
suliaan suliansa
inessive
sulassaan sulassansa
sulissaan sulissansa
elative
sulastaan sulastansa
sulistaan sulistansa
illative
sulaansa
suliinsa
adessive
sulallaan sulallansa
sulillaan sulillansa
ablative
sulaltaan sulaltansa
suliltaan suliltansa
allative
sulalleen sulallensa
sulilleen sulillensa
essive
sulanaan sulanansa
sulinaan sulinansa
translative
sulakseen sulaksensa
sulikseen suliksensa
abessive
sulattaan sulattansa
sulittaan sulittansa
instructive
comitative
—sulineen sulinensa :

##### Derived terms

* sulaa
* sulo
* suloinen
* hitsisula
* lukkosula
* ruokasula
* sulahitsaus
* Sulasalmi
* sulasuolareaktori
* sulavesi
* sulavesijoki
* voisula

#### Further reading

* “sula”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsulɑˣ/, [ˈs̠ulɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ulɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧la

#### Verb

sula
* inflection of sulaa:
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* alus, lasu, lusa

## Ingrian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *sula. Cognates include Finnish sula and Estonian sula.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠uɫɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈʃuɫɑ]
* Rhymes: -ulɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧la

#### Adjective

sula (comparative sulemp)
* molten

##### Derived terms

* sullaa

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠uɫɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈʃuɫɑ]
* Rhymes: -ulɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧la

#### Verb

sula
* inflection of sullaa:
** present indicative connegative
** second-person singular imperative
** second-person singular imperative connegative

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 549

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* sara
* sol má
* sul

### Etymology

From Old Irish sul (“before”) and the relative particle a. sul is a fused form of the conjunction Old Irish resíu (“before”) and Old Irish ro- (verbal prefix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsˠʊlˠə/

### Conjunction

sula (triggers eclipsis on verbs; takes the dependent form of irregular verbs)
* before
    Téigh sula ndéanfaidh mé é.Go before I do it.
    Sula ndearna mé é, tháinig mé amach.Before I did it, I went outside.

#### Usage notes

* Not used with the past tense except with some irregular verbs.

#### Derived terms

* sular (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Italian
### Etymology

From New Latin, from Old Norse súla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.la/
* Rhymes: -ula
* Hyphenation: sù‧la

### Noun

sula f (plural sule)
* gannet or booby

#### Derived terms

* sula australiana
* sula bassana

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Lithuanian sulà (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

sula f (4th declension)
* juice (liquids found in fruits which people can drink)
    ābolu sula ― apple juice
    ogu sula ― berry juice
    dārzeņu sulas ― vegetable juices
    salda sula ― sweet juice
    sulas ekstrakts ― juice extract
* (anatomy) (liquids excreted by certain body organs)
    zarnu sula ― intestinal juice

#### Derived terms

* aizkuņģa dziedzera sula
* apelsīnu sula
* sulu mēnesis

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sula”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Latvian sula (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

sulà f (plural sulõs) stress pattern 4
* sap (from birch or maple)
* juice

#### Derived terms

* sùltys (“juice”)

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sula”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435

## Ludian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sula.

### Adjective

sula
* dear

## Miskito
### Noun

sula
* deer

## Northern Sami
### Noun

sula
* accusative/genitive singular of sulla

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

sula f
* definite singular of sule

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuː.lɑ/

### Noun

sūla
* genitive plural of sulh

## Sranan Tongo
### Noun

sula
* cataract, rapids
** 1999, Hillary de Bruin, “Liederen uit de praktijk van de duman [Songs from the Winti priest's practice]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis‎, Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, →ISSN, page 152:Blesi sa kon bogobogo, Masra pramis' m'anga yu, Lek'wan alen a sa wiki, Kraf' den di bribi fu tru, Sula fu seigi, wan dei sa was' kon na gron, now wan tu dropu de spiti, ma sibibusi sa konBlessing will come abundantly / the Lord promised to me and you / like rainfall it will awaken / strengthen those who truly believe / With cataracts of blessing / one day the ground will be awash / now a few droplets are spitting / but the cloudburst will come

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: soela

## Swazi
### Verb

-súla
* to clean, to wipe

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old French sole, from Latin solea.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -²ʉːla

### Noun

sula c
* a sole of a foot
    Synonym: (more common) fotsula
* a sole of a shoe
    Synonyms: skosula, (insole) innersula, (insole acting as a shoe insert) inläggssula
* a booby (bird of the Sula genus and/or Sulidae family)

#### Declension
### Verb

sula (present sular, preterite sulade, supine sulat, imperative sula)
* to fit a sole to a shoe
* (slang) throw a small object with great force

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

### References

* sula in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sula in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sula in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* usla

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Sanskrit चूड (cūḍa, “crest; diadem”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsulaʔ/ [ˈsuː.lɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -ulaʔ
* Syllabification: su‧la

#### Noun

sulà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
* carbuncle; shiny, bright deep red gem (especially a garnet with a smooth, convex surface)
    Synonym: karbungko
* (pathology) carbuncle (inflamed swelling like a boil)
* glow at the tip of the tongue of some nocturnal reptiles

### Etymology 2

Ultimately from Sanskrit शूल (śūla, “lance; pike”). Compare Malay sula (“pointed stick”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /suˈlaʔ/ [sʊˈlaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: su‧la

#### Adjective

sulâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
* impaled
    Synonyms: natuhog, nasula

##### Derived terms

* nasula

### Further reading

* “sula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 298

### Anagrams

* usal, asul

## Veps
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Adjective

sula
* dear

#### Derived terms

* sulaku

### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “дорогой, желанный, милый, родимый, талый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sula.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈsuɫɑ]
* Rhymes: -ulɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧la

### Adjective

sula
* thawed
* molten
* (of a winter or cold weather) warm, mild

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “sula”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-súla
* (transitive) to wipe

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Alternative forms

* -esula

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-súla
* (transitive) to dust, to polish, to erase
* (transitive) to delete, to erase

#### Inflection
### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sula (3.9)”