OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# -ба
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ьба (-ĭba), from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ba] (stressed in some compounds)
* IPA: [-bɐ]

### Suffix

-ба • (-ba) f
* Forms action nouns from verbs or other nouns.
    ‎мо́ля (mólja, “to ask; to beseech”) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎молба́ (molbá, “request; petition”)
    ‎творя́ (tvorjá, “to create”) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎творба́ (tvorbá, “piece of art or music; creation”)
    ‎крада́ (kradá, “to steal”) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎кра́жба (krážba, “theft”)
    ‎сват (svat, “matchmaker”) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎сва́тба (svátba, “wedding”)
    ‎врач (vrač, “fortune teller”) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎врачба́ (vračbá, “fortune-telling”)
    ‎гост (gost, “guest”) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎го́зба (gózba, “dish”) (originally, food served to guests)

#### Related terms

* -итба (-itba)

## Kazakh
### Suffix

-ба • (-ba)
* Form of -ме (-me) in hard words and after М, Н, Ң, Ж, З.

## Kildin Sami
### Etymology

Borrowed from a Finnic language (compare Finnish -pa (clitic)).
Related to Northern Sami, Skolt Sami, and Inari Sami -ba.

### Particle

-ба (-ba) (enclitic particle, obsolete or dialectal)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    муннбаmunnba(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    лӣйембаlījjemba(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), “-ʙa͕”, in Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
* T. I. Itkonen (1958) “-ʙa͕”, in Koltan- ja kuolanlapin sanakirja [Skolt and Kola Sami dictionary]‎, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, published 2011, →ISBN, page 814

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ba]

### Suffix

-ба • (-ba) f
* Suffix appended to verbs to create feminine nouns.
    ‎дели (deli) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎делба (delba)
    ‎моли (moli) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎молба (molba)
    ‎гради (gradi) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎градба (gradba)
    ‎сретне (sretne) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎средба (sredba)

#### Derived terms
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* -ьба (-ʹba)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

### Suffix

-ба • (-ba)
* a noun forming suffix
    дру́жба ― drúžba ― friendship
    стрельба́ ― strelʹbá ― shooting

#### Declension

Note: can be stressed and unstressed

#### Derived terms
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

### Suffix

-ба (Latin spelling -ba)
* Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting an action.

### See also

* -идба

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* -ьба (-ʹba)
* -да (-da)
* (possibly) -оба (-oba)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -ба (-ba), from Old East Slavic -ьба (-ĭba), from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ba]

### Suffix

-ба • (-ba)
* Alternative form of -ьба (-ʹba)
    ‎служи́ти (služýty) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎слу́жба (slúžba)
    ‎тягну́ти (tjahnúty) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎тяжба́ (tjažbá)
    ‎лічи́ти (ličýty) + ‎-ба (-ba) → ‎лічба́ (ličbá)
# angësht
## Albanian
### Etymology

Enlargement of ang, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”). Compare Latin angustus (“narrow”), German Angst (“fear”). Doublet of Latin-borrowed ngushtë.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaŋɡəʃt/

### Adjective

ángësht (feminine angështe)
* tight (clothes)
* stingy, scrooge, tight-fisted

### Adverb

ángësht
* uneasily, worriedly, wistfully
    Synonym: ngushtë

#### Related terms

* ang
* angari
* eng
* ankth
* angërduf
* angullin

### References

* ↑ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 79
# кок
## Eastern Mari
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kok/
* Rhymes: -ok
* Hyphenation: кок

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Mari *kok, from Proto-Uralic *kakta. Cognate with Western Mari кок (kok).

#### Numeral

кок • (kok) (long form/predicative кокыт)
* two

##### Derived terms

* ик уш сай, кок уш сайрак (ik uš saj, kok uš sajrak)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian кок (kok).

#### Noun

кок • (kok)
* cook, ship's cook

##### Declension
### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “кок”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

## Komi-Permyak
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *kɔk. Cognate with Udmurt кук (kuk) and Komi-Zyrian кок (kok).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkok/, [ˈko̞k]
* Rhymes: -ok
* Hyphenation: кок

### Noun

кок • (kok)
* leg, foot

#### Declension

Possessive declension of кок :

#### Derived terms

* коктӧм (koktöm)

### References

* P. S. Kuznecov, A. M. Sporova (1946) “нога”, in Русско-Коми-Пермяцкӧй словарь [Russian-Komi-Permyak dictionary], Kudymkar: Комипермгиз

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *kɔk. Cognate with Udmurt кук (kuk) and Komi-Permyak кок (kok).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkok/, [ˈko̞k]
* Rhymes: -ok
* Hyphenation: кок

### Noun

кок • (kok)
* leg, foot

#### Declension

Possessive declension of кок :

#### Coordinate terms

* ки (ki, “arm, hand”)

### References

* A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 95
* Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 21
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 278

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kok]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch kok (“cook”).

#### Noun

кок • (kok) m anim (genitive ко́ка, nominative plural ко́ки, genitive plural ко́ков)
* ship's cook

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French coq.

#### Noun

кок • (kok) m inan (genitive ко́ка, nominative plural ко́ки, genitive plural ко́ков)
* quiff (hair style)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from French coque.

#### Noun

кок • (kok) m inan (genitive ко́ка, nominative plural ко́ки, genitive plural ко́ков)
* (aviation) spinner (fairing over the hub of a propeller or turbofan)

##### Declension
### Etymology 4
#### Noun

кок • (kok) f inan pl
* genitive plural of ко́ка (kóka)

## Western Mari
### Etymology

From Proto-Mari *kok, from Proto-Uralic *kakta. Cognates include Eastern Mari кок (kok).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkok/
* Rhymes: -ok
* Hyphenation: кок

### Numeral

кок • (kok)
* two

### References

* Savatkova, A. A. (2008) “кок”, in Slovarʹ gornomarijskovo jazyka [Hill Mari language dictionary] (in Russian), Yoshkar-Ola: Mari publisher, →ISBN
# dedignor
## Latin
### Etymology

dē- +‎ dignor (“to deem worthy”)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /deːˈdiɡ.nor/, [d̪eːˈd̪ɪŋnɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /deˈdiɲ.ɲor/, [d̪eˈd̪iɲːor]

### Verb

dēdignor (present infinitive dēdignārī, perfect active dēdignātus sum); first conjugation, deponent
* (transitive) to reject as unworthy, disdain, scorn

#### Conjugation
### References

* “dedignor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “dedignor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
# disespouse
## English

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Etymology

From dis- +‎ espouse.

### Verb

disespouse (third-person singular simple present disespouses, present participle disespousing, simple past and past participle disespoused)
* (poetic, transitive) To release from espousal or plighted faith.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 17:Of Turnus for Lavinia disespous'd.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “disespouse”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# disestimation
## English
### Etymology

From dis- +‎ estimation.

### Noun

disestimation (uncountable)
* (archaic) disesteem
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “disestimation”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# Abschlußkundgebung
## German
### Alternative forms

* Abschlusskundgebung

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʔapˌʃlʊsˌkʊntɡeːbʊŋ]
* Hyphenation: Ab‧schluß‧kund‧ge‧bung

### Noun

Abschlußkundgebung f (genitive Abschlußkundgebung, plural Abschlußkundgebungen)
* Formerly standard spelling of Abschlusskundgebung which was deprecated in the spelling reform (Rechtschreibreform) of 1996.
# á thánh
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞聖, composed of 亞 (“sub-”) and 聖 (“saint”), equivalent to a blend of á- +‎ thánh (“saint”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔaː˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔaː˨˩˦ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔaː˦˥ tʰan˦˥]

### Noun

á thánh
* (historical) A title given to a person with vast knowledge and high moral character, ranking just below a sage in Confucianism.
* (religion) beatification
    Synonyms: chân phước, chân phúc
# à ơi
## Vietnamese
### Interjection

à ơi
* a sound made when singing a baby to sleep
    Synonym: ạ ơi
# risposare
## Italian
### Etymology

From ri- +‎ sposare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ri.spoˈza.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: ri‧spo‧sà‧re

### Verb

risposàre (first-person singular present rispòso, first-person singular past historic risposài, past participle risposàto, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive) to cause (someone) to get married again, to give a spouse to (someone) again, to remarry (someone to someone else)
    Synonyms: (usually in reference to a woman getting married) rimaritare, (usually in reference to a man getting married) riammogliare

#### Related terms

* risposarsi

### Further reading

* risposare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* aprissero, aspersori, perorassi, pressoria, rapissero, ripasserò, risposerà, sospirare, sospirerà
# Funktionsabschluss
## German
### Alternative forms

* Funktionsabschluß (superseded)

### Etymology

From Funktion +‎ -s- +‎ Abschluss.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʊŋkˈt͡si̯oːnsˌapʃlʊs/
* Hyphenation: Funk‧ti‧ons‧ab‧schluss
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

Funktionsabschluss m (strong, genitive Funktionsabschlusses, plural Funktionsabschlüsse)
* (programming) closure

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Hypernyms

* Abschluss m
# Universitätsabschluß
## German
### Noun

Universitätsabschluß m (strong, genitive Universitätsabschlusses, plural Universitätsabschlüsse)
* Formerly standard spelling of Universitätsabschluss which was deprecated in the spelling reform (Rechtschreibreform) of 1996.

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.
# 大某
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tōa-bó͘
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa-bó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tuā-bóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doaxbor
*** IPA (Taipei): /tua³³⁻¹¹ bɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Penang): /tua²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun): /tua²²⁻²¹ bɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /tua⁴¹⁻²² bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tua³³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴¹/

### Noun

大某
* (Hokkien) official wife (as opposed to a concubine)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 正室, 正房, 正妻, 嫡妻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 大婆兒, 大娘們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 大老婆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 大老婆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大婆子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大婆兒, 大老婆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 大老婆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 大婆兒, 大婆子, 大老婆 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 大老婆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 大老婆, 大婆子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 大婆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 大老婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 大婆 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 大婆 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 大老婆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 大婆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 大老嫗 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 大婆子 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 大婆 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大某 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 大某 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 大某 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 大某, 大姐 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 大某 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 大某 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 大娘 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 大婆 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 大老官 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 大老媽 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 大老婆 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 正娘 |
# 厝头
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 厝头 – see 厝頭 (“married woman's parents' home”). (This term is the simplified form of 厝頭).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# escotillón
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French escoutillon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eskotiˈʝon/ [es.ko.t̪iˈʝõn]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /eskotiˈʝon/ [es.ko.t̪iˈʝõn]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /eskotiˈʎon/ [es.ko.t̪iˈʎõn]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /eskotiˈʃon/ [es.ko.t̪iˈʃõn]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /eskotiˈʒon/ [es.ko.t̪iˈʒõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: es‧co‧ti‧llón

### Noun

escotillón m (plural escotillones)
* trapdoor
    Synonym: trampa

### Further reading

* “escotillón”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# improvisado
## Galician
### Participle

improvisado (feminine improvisada, masculine plural improvisados, feminine plural improvisadas)
* past participle of improvisar

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.pɾo.viˈza.du/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.pɾo.viˈza.du/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.pɾo.viˈza.do/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.pɾu.viˈza.du/ [ĩ.pɾu.viˈza.ðu]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.pɾu.viˈza.du/ [ĩ.pɾu.viˈza.ðu]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.pɾu.biˈza.du/ [ĩ.pɾu.βiˈza.ðu]
* Hyphenation: im‧pro‧vi‧sa‧do

### Adjective

improvisado (feminine improvisada, masculine plural improvisados, feminine plural improvisadas)
* improvised; makeshift (made to work or suffice)

### Participle

improvisado (feminine improvisada, masculine plural improvisados, feminine plural improvisadas)
* past participle of improvisar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /impɾobiˈsado/ [ĩm.pɾo.β̞iˈsa.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: im‧pro‧vi‧sa‧do

### Adjective

improvisado (feminine improvisada, masculine plural improvisados, feminine plural improvisadas)
* improvised
* makeshift
    Synonym: provisional

### Noun

improvisado m (plural improvisados)
* (Costa Rica) amateur bullfighter

### Participle

improvisado (feminine improvisada, masculine plural improvisados, feminine plural improvisadas)
* past participle of improvisar

### Further reading

* “improvisado”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Red Armyman
## English
### Noun

Red Armyman (plural Red Armymen)
* Alternative form of Red Army man
# ác độc
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡毒, composed of 惡 (“evil”) and 毒 (“cruel”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔaːk̚˧˦ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

### Adjective

ác độc
* Synonym of độc ác.
# Siite
## Alemannic German
### Etymology

From Middle High German sīte, from Old High German sīta, from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ. Cognate with German Seite, Dutch zijde, English side, Swedish síða.

### Noun

Siite f (plural Siite)
* side
* page
# Sitkos
## English
### Proper noun

Sitkos
* plural of Sitko
# childsitter
## English
### Etymology

From child +‎ sitter, after babysitter.

### Noun

childsitter (plural childsitters)
* Synonym of babysitter.
** 1964, Sheila Burnford, “Canadian Spring”, in The Fields of Noon, Boston, Mass.: Atlantic Monthly Press, Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 11:[I]n return for shouldering a few extra duties (watchdog, childsitter, sled dog, juvenile circus performer, losthamster retriever, plus the full-time summer job of bear-scare on mushrooming expeditions), he may hunt for his own amusement, without let or hindrance, throughout the year until September 15, or such time as the upland game and wildfowl season opens, when he must immediately put aside all temptation and revert forthwith to his professional capacity of model gundog.
** 1992, William G[eorge] Cahan, “The Flora Sign”, in No Stranger to Tears: A Surgeon’s Story, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN, section “Operation (Phase II)”, page 140:With a live-in housekeeper-cook-childsitter we were able to lead a busy social life.
** 2006, Jessica Steele, chapter 9, in Promise of a Family, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin, →ISBN, page 169:‘She’ll be home for Christmas—all being well,’ Leyne tacked on hastily. / ‘Even better.’ / ‘I’m glad you approve.’ / His mouth quirked upwards slightly at one corner. ‘Why shouldn’t I? It will relieve you of having to find a childsitter who won’t let you down.’

#### Related terms

* childsit
# ductilibility
## English
### Etymology

From ductile +‎ -ibility.

### Noun

ductilibility
* Alternative form of ductility
** 1987, Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, Proceedings, page 471:The high-polymer geomembrane must have a certain tensile strength and ductilibility to allow for adaptation to the irregularities and roughness of the shotcrete lining.
** 2011 April 4, Inside UVA.:The thrust of his research will be to determine the highest operating temperature at which the materials can be used before they lose their useful properties (of stiffness, strength, and ductilibility, the ability of a metal to be shaped without breaking).
** 2013 November 7, Thomas Bond, Chris Hughes, O-level Chemistry Total Guide (Concise) (Yellowreef), page 83:After corrosion, the metals lose their basic physical properties such as malleability, ductilibility, and strength.
# thank you very much
## English
### Alternative forms

* thankuverymuch, thankyouverymuch (chiefly humorous)

### Interjection

thank you very much
* Said to express greater gratitude than would be conveyed by thank you.
* (sarcastic) Expressing indignation that anyone could doubt the preceding statement.
** 1997 June 26, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], “The Boy Who Lived”, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (Harry Potter; 1), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:Mr and Mrs Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much.
** 2005 June 30, Malorie Blackman, “Callie Rose is 11”, in Checkmate (Noughts & Crosses; 3), London: Corgi Books, published 2006, →ISBN, page 174:Sonny came round to childsit today. (Not babysit. I’m not a baby any more – thank you very much!)

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:thank you and Appendix:Deep gratitude

#### See also

* thank you all
# ciągliwość
## Polish
### Etymology

From ciągliwy +‎ -ość.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɔŋɡˈli.vɔɕt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ivɔɕt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ciąg‧li‧wość

### Noun

ciągliwość f
* (materials science, mechanics) ductility, malleability, tenaciousness, tractility

#### Related terms

* ciągliwie
* ciągnąć impf

### Further reading

* ciągliwość in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ciągliwość in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# やから
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 族 輩
From 家(や) (ya, “house”) + 柄(から) (kara, “kinship”).
Nippo Jisho recorded a dialectal sence as "someone who complains or provokes a dispute".
    1603 – 1604, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) (in Portuguese) :¶ Item, Yacara. l, yacaramono. Hombre vidriado, y que por nada arma contiendas.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やから [yàkárá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ja̠ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

やから • (yakara)
* 族: (etymology, archaic, obsolete) people of the same lineage; family, clan, kin
* 輩: (chiefly derogatory) same kind people; a set, a lot, fellows
    Synonyms: 連中 (renchū), 奴等 (yatsura), 徒 (to)
    不(ふ)逞(てい)の輩(やから) ― futei no yakara ― lawless people
* (dialectal) dissatisfaction, complaint, or someone who complains or provokes a dispute [from early 17th c.]
    あんやたぁ、飲(の)むと、やからんじょう言(い)う
       an yatā, nomuto, yakara njō iu
       That guy always complains when he gets drunk. (Ōita dialect)

##### Related terms

* 家(いえ)柄(がら) (iegara, “social standing of a family”)
* ガラが悪(わる)い (gara ga warui, “ill-bred, vulgar, boorish”)
* 親(う)族(から) (ukara, “(archaic) blood relative”)
* 輩(ともがら) (tomogara, “(archaic) friend, peer”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠ ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Conjunction

やから • (ya kara)
* Dialect form of だから (da kara)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# кнїжка
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak knižka, from Proto-Slavic *kъnižьka. Cognates include Slovak knižka and Carpathian Rusyn кни́жка (knýžka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɲiʒka]
* Rhymes: -iʃka
* Hyphenation: кнїж‧ка

### Noun

кнїжка (knjižka) f (diminutive кнїжочка, related adjective кнїжков)
* book

#### Derived terms

* кнїжкар m pers (knjižkar)
* кнїжководитель m pers (knjižkovoditelʹ)
* кнїжковязач m pers (knjižkovjazač)
* кнїжиц (knjižic)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “кнїжка”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
# lehk
## Estonian
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with obsolete Finnish löhkä.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlehk/, [ˈlehk]
* Rhymes: -ehk
* Hyphenation: lehk

### Noun

lehk (genitive leha, partitive lehka)
* smell, stink
* (obsolete) smell (a property of many substances that is perceived through the nose, as the sense of smell)
    Synonyms: lõhn, (colloquial) luhvt, (colloquial) odöör, (obsolete) hais, (obsolete) õhk

#### Derived terms

* lehkama

#### Compounds

* higilehk
* kopituslehk
* kõrbelehk
* laibalehk
* mädalehk
* peldikulehk
* raipelehk
* roisulehk
* surnulehk
* viinalehk
* virtsalehk

### References

* lehk in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “lehk”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “lehk”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
# Retiro
## English
### Proper noun

Retiro
* A district in south-east Madrid, Spain.

## Spanish
### Proper noun

Retiro m
* A neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

### Further reading

* Retiro (Buenos Aires) on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$