# 瞳

| 瞳 | U+77B3, &#30643; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77B3 |
| ← 瞲 [U+77B2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瞴 → [U+77B4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瞳 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月山卜廿土 (BUYTG), four-corner 6001$_4$, composition ⿰目童)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 818, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23707
* Dae Jaweon: page 1230, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2514, character 12
* Unihan data for U+77B3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 目 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ).

### Etymology

From 童 (OC *doːŋ, “child”). Compare English pupil (“‘child’ > student; pupil of eye”) for a similar semantic development.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tung$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tong$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$don
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tong$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: huung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dùng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
*** Tâi-lô: tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thông
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$don
*** MiniDict: don$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$don
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: duwng
Rime :
| Character | 瞳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | duwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17441 |
| Phonetic component | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ |

### Definitions

瞳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) inexperienced; ignorant
* (anatomy) pupil of eye
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sight; vision; view
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to see

### Compounds

* 打瞳
* 瞳人 (tóngrén)
* 瞳人兒 / 瞳人儿 (tóngrénr)
* 瞳仁 (tóngrén)
* 瞳仁兒 / 瞳仁儿 (tóngrénr)
* 瞳子 (tóngzǐ)
* 瞳孔 (tóngkǒng)
* 瞳矇 / 瞳蒙
* 重瞳
* 雙瞳翦水 / 双瞳翦水

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずう (zū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ひとみ (hitomi, 瞳, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 瞳孔(どうこう) (dōkō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 瞳
* ひとみ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Likely 人(ひと) (hito, “person”) + 見(み) (mi, “see”), in reference to one's own reflection when staring into someone else's eyes. Compare Latin pūpilla, of the same derivation.

### Noun

瞳(ひとみ) • (hitomi)
* (anatomy) pupil
* (poetic) eye
    瞳(ひとみ)に映(うつ)る景色(けしき)
       hitomi ni utsuru keshiki
       the scene reflected in one's eyes
    瞳(ひとみ)を閉(と)じる
       hitomi o tojiru
       to close one's eyes

### Proper noun

瞳(ひとみ) • (Hitomi)
* a female given name

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瞳 (MC duwng).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 또ᇰ (Yale: ttwong) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [to̞(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 瞳 (eumhun 눈동자 동 (nundongja dong))
* hanja form of 동 (“pupil”)

#### Compounds

* 동공 (瞳孔, donggong)
* 동자 (瞳子, dongja)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瞳: Hán Nôm readings: đồng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Nôm: đồng, tròng

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999