# Lienchiang
## English
### Alternative forms

* Lien-chiang (also from Wade–Giles)
* Lianjiang (Hanyu Pinyin)
* Lienkiang (Postal Romanization)

### Pronunciation

* enPR: lyěnʹjyängʹ

### Etymology 1

From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin for 連江／连江 (Liánjiāng), Wade–Giles romanization: Lien²-chiang¹.

#### Proper noun

Lienchiang
* A county of Taiwan, synonymous with the Matsu Islands.
    Synonym: Matsu
** 1963, General Report of the Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction‎, Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 115:Matsu. JCRR in FY1964 continued to provide local farmers with seeds of superior varieties of dryland crops and vegetables, and selected five young farmers for training in cultural techniques in Taiwan. Technical assistance was given by the agricultural experiment station of the Lienchiang County Government.
** 1978 January 5 [1977 December 30], “PRC Vessel Collides with ROC Fishing Boat off Matsu”, in Daily Report: Asia & Pacific‎, volume IV, number 3, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page B 2‎:The 6-ton fishing boat Kuanghua 16638 was slammed by the communist vessel near the Liuchuan reefs off the coast of Chukuang and drifted toward Nanchu after the collision. Because of the alertness of its owner Li Tsu-shun and the crew, the boat successfully avoided a head-on collision with the communist vessel. The communist atrocity has drawn the keen attention of the commander of the Matsu defense district who has instructed the frontline island defenders to closely watch the movement of communist vessels. In addition, he has instructed the Lienchiang county government to aid the affected fishermen in repairing their damaged fishing boat so that they can resume fishing operations.
** 1993, Republic of China Yearbook 1993‎, Government Information Office, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 126:In 1955, this administration was assigned responsibility for Lienchiang 連江縣, Changle, and Loyuan counties. Military government was reinstated in Matsu in 1956, and various outlying islands were brought under the administration of Lienchiang County.
** 2000, Liang Chieh-teh, Chang Shou-hua, Fang Woei-horng, “Little-known Oriental Bird”, in Oriental Bird Club‎, number 32, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 18:A three year project to study bird ecology in the area, coordinated by Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (formerly Chinese Wild Bird Federation) and financed by Agriculture Improvement Bureau of Lienchiang County began in April 1996 and improved our understanding of the bird fauna.
** 2013, Meng-Kan Chen, Hsiu-Hsi Chen, “Increased cancer mortality in Taiwanese inter-island migrants”, in Geospatial Health‎, volume 7, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 08 August 2017, page 252, column 2:The offshore islands of Matsu belong to Lienchiang county and cover a total area of 25,052 ha. They are composed of five large and several smaller islands, which are administratively divided into the four villages of Nangan, Beigan, Jyuguang and Dongyin. According to the national census of 1997 5,360 people live on the Matsu islands with more than 60% of the population living in Nangan.
** 2017 March 20, 3:32 from the start, in Makers of Matsu’s unique kaoliang liquor look to tap into foreign markets‎, Formosa Television:Surplus revenues from the Matsu Liquor Factory account for around 45 percent of the money raised directly by the Lienchiang County government every year. That's why County Commissioner Liu Tseng-ying has called for the distillery to double its revenues and profits.
** 2019 October 17, “Article 10”, in Fee-charging Standards for the Use of State-operated Airport, Navigation Aids and Related Facilities‎, archived from the original on 02 March 2022, page 6:The remote offshore areas set forth in the subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 include: […] 3. Beigan Township, Nangan Township, Jyuguang Township and Dongyin Township under the jurisdiction of Lienchiang County, Fuchien Province.
** 2020, Wen Lii, “From Taiwan to the Philippines, Chinese Illegal Dredging Ships Wreak Environmental Havoc”, in The Diplomat‎, archived from the original on 12 August 2020:On a clear day, up to hundreds of Chinese dredging ships illegally mining for sand can be spotted from the Matsu Islands. The islands, administered as Lienchiang County by Taipei, are located 200 kilometers from the main island of Taiwan, but only 20 kilometers off the coast of China’s Fujian province. Once on the frontlines of the Cold War between the Communists and the Taiwan-based Nationalists, the islands currently face a different type of threat. People in Matsu are concerned about the increasing numbers of illegal dredgers pumping tons of sand from the seabed, often invading waters within 6,000 meters of the islands, which are considered restricted waters by Taiwan’s coast guard.[...] Wen Lii is director of the Democratic Progressive Party’s newly-launched Lienchiang County Chapter, located on the Matsu Islands, 20 kilometers off the coast of China’s Fujian Province. He is an analyst on foreign policy and regional security issues.
** 2021 October 15, Alicia Chen, Lily Kuo, “Green sky at night over Taiwan’s islands heralds a different kind of squid game”, in Washington Post‎, archived from the original on 15 October 2021:“There are at least hundreds of [Chinese] squid boats. It used to be just one or two dots of green, but now you see a complete line of green,” said Lai Wen-Chi, chief of the Fisheries and Husbandry Section of the Lienchiang county government, which oversees Matsu. Lai said vessels, which Taiwan officials say convey fishermen mostly from Fujian province, have surged in number in the past two years, with this year being the worst.[...] Officials have not raised the issue of the green lights, said Wang Chung Ming, deputy head of Lienchiang county, because the impact would be “very limited.”
** 2023 March 8, Huizhong Wu, Johnson Lai, “Taiwan suspects Chinese ships cut islands’ internet cables”, in The Washington Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 11 March 2023, Business; republished as “Chinese ships cut internet of Taiwan’s outlying islands”, in AP News‎, 2023 April 18, archived from the original on 2023-03-08:Wang Chung Ming, the head of Lienchiang County, as the Matsu islands are officially called, said he and the legislator from Matsu went to Taipei shortly after the internet broke down to ask for help, and was told they would get priority in any future internet backup plans. […] Wang, the head of Lienchiang County, said he had mentioned the cables on a recent visit to China, where he had met an executive from China Mobile.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Lienchiang.
* Alternative form of Lianjiang, a river in Fuzhou, Fujian, China
** 1916 March 29, C. H. Brewitt-Taylor, Foochow Trade Report (Returns of Trade and Trade Reports 1915)‎, Shanghai: Inspectorate General of Customs, page 954:An official was directed to make a preliminary survey for a proposed railway from Foochow to Mamoi (Pagoda Anchorage). A survey bureau was established and the flags of surveying parties were to be seen on the plains and hills in the neighborhood. Various permanent triangulation stations have been established and marked by beacons. Part of the Lienchiang River has been surveyed with a view to dredging.
** 1917, John David Digues La Touche, “Further Notes on the Birds of the Province of Fohkien in South-east China.”, in The Ibis‎, volume 5, British Ornithologists' Union, page 563:Oidemia americana Swainson. I have a female from the Lienchiang River, near Foochow, dated 5 December, 1914.
* Alternative form of Lianjiang, a county in Fuzhou, Fujian, China
** 1924 December 6 [1924 November 24], “FORCED OPIUM GROWING IN FUKIEN”, in North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette‎, volume CLII, number 2991, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 397, column 3:The ten counties are Putien, Sienyu, Futsing, Lienchiang, Loyuan, Ningteh, Fuan, Hsiapo, Shaoning and Futing. The names of the officials and other responsible have in nearly every case been furnished to us, and every case has been reported to the Military and Civil Governors, and in the case of Lienchiang and Futsing a report has also been made to the naval authorities at Pagoda.
** 1952 August 30, “Military Information and Flood Conditions, Foochow Area”, in CIA‎:4. On 17 July, 3,000 infantry troops with several artillery pieces left Foochow in the direction of Lienchiang (119-31, 26-12). 5. Beginning on 17 July Foochow had heavy rains on consecutive days. By 20 July floods had destroyed many houses, and more than 300,000 persons were distressed.
** 1956, Army Operations in China, January 1944 - August 1945‎, Office of the Chief of Military History, page 179:The main body of the Chinese 80th Division was entrenched in a series of defenses built at graduating heights encircling the walled city of Fuchou for a distance of approximately eight kilometers. On the morning of 2 October, the 62d Independent Mixed Brigade opened its attack. The battle raged throughout that day and part of the night. By the afternoon of the 3d, however, they had passed through Lingtou and, on the morning of the 4th, having overcome the enemy at Tangling, they advanced toward the Fuchou valley. Later that day they occupied Fuchou. Also on the 4th, the left flank detachment (one infantry battalion) which had advanced southward from Lienchiang, occupied two islands in the mouth of Lien Chiang.
** 1964 May 22, Ralph N. Clough, “Letter From the Charge to the Republic of China (Clough) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Bundy)”, in Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State‎, archived from the original on 12 October 2020:The Chinese Communist shelling of Matsu on May 16, which clearly seems to have been a reaction to GRC artillery fire from Matsu covering a raiding party launched from Matsu against Lienchiang (FCT 8622), caused me to give consideration to repeating to the GRC the warning we gave them last spring that they should not assume the US would assist the GRC should the Chicoms attack the smaller offshore islands in retaliation for raids mounted by the GRC from such islands.
** 1970 [1678], Simon Rodriguez, Ferdinand Verbiest, “First Expedition of Jesuits from the Philippines to China”, in Charles McCarthy, transl., Philippine Studies‎, volume 18, number 3:But as for the other two Fathers on Tinghai island, they all replied together that they could easily be helped, and be brought to the mainland at night, and be safely deposited in one of the churches which we have in the outskirts of Lienchiang.
** 1973 May 11, “Taiwan Fisherman Compatriots Rescued”, in Peking Review‎, volume 16, number 19, archived from the original on 12 May 2019, page 4:On April 27, 12 fishermen from a trawler of the Hsinhuatai Co. in Keelung City, Taiwan Province, that had sunk near the island of Tungyin because of an engine breakdown were rescued by fishermen of the Haifeng Brigade of the Huangchi People's Commune in Lienchiang County, Fukien Province.
** 1975, Richard Baum, Prelude to Revolution‎, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12:Clearly, China's aging leader was deeply concerned about the course of economic, political, and ideological developments in his country. That there was indeed a great deal for him to be concerned about has been confirmed in a unique set of official CCP documents captured by the Chinese Nationalists during a 1964 commando raid on the Party headquarters of Lienchiang county, Fukien province.
** 2014, Pengli Zhu, Feng Huang, Fan Lin, Qiaowei Li, Yin Yuan, Zhonghai Gao, Falin Chen, “The Relationship of Retinal Vessel Diameters and Fractal Dimensions with Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors”, in PLOS One‎, volume 9, number 9, →DOI, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 2, column 1:The villages of Tailu, Beijiao, and Xiubang in the Tailu township in Lienchiang county and Kungtung, Kunghsi, Yantai, and Wenwo in Haidao township in Xiapu county in Fujian Province were randomly selected for this cross-sectional investigation, which took place from July, 2011 to November, 2011.
** 2015, Wan-yao Chou (周婉窈), translated by Carole Plackitt and Tim Casey, A New Illustrated History of Taiwan‎, Taipei: SMC Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 262:In 1603, Chʻen Ti from Lienchiang, Fukien, China, followed General Shen Yu-jung in pursuit of pirates and fought against piracy at Tungfan (on the southwest coast of Taiwan).
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Lienchiang.

##### Alternative forms

* Lienkong (Postal Romanization, from Eastern Min)

##### Translations
#### References

* ↑ Matsu Island, in Encyclopædia Britannica: "Matsu is the main island of a group of 19, the Matsu Islands, which constitute Lien-kiang (Lienchiang) hsien (county)."

### Etymology 2

From the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin for 廉江 (Liánjiāng), Wade-Giles romanization: Lien²-chiang¹.

#### Proper noun

Lienchiang
* Alternative form of Lianjiang, a county in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
** 1947 July 22, “Political and Military Information: Communist Activities in South China”, in CIA‎:6. Chinese Communists are concentrating their activities in southwest Kwangtung in the vicinity of Lienchiang (109-07, 21-33) [110-16, 21-36?] and Huahsien (110-39, 21-38) where they have about 2,000 men and 100 Japanese soldiers.
** 1957, Ygael Gluckstein, “State Monopoly of Trade in Grain and other Agricultural Products”, in Mao's China: Economic and Political Survey‎, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, →OCLC, page 135:Peasants of Lienhsien, Kwangtung, used 300,000 catties of grain for wine making and liquor distilling during last autumn; 85 per cent of all households in the hsien were guilty. 1,332 households in the 6th chu, Lienchiang hsien, consumed 76,000 catties of grain for wine making and liquor distilling in a little more than 10 days.
** 1976, Chu-yuan Cheng, China's Petroleum Industry‎, Praeger Publishers, →ISBN, pages 69-70:During the first phase of construction much of the investment was concentrated in overhead capital in the form of the Lienchiang-Maoming branch of the Lichan Railway and the Maoming-Sansui branch railway.
** 1981, Li Chen-Chuan, edited by Paul A. Marks, NPC Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Screening for Early Detection (中美两国的癌症研究 [Cancer Research in the People's Republic of China and the United States of America])‎, Grune & Stratton, →ISBN, page 199:Different prevalence rates were noted in different parts of Kwangtung Province: 54.8 for Chungshan County in the central part of Kwangtung Province, 23.24 for Chiehyang County in the eastern part and 16.81 for Lienchiang County in the western part, showing an uneven geographic distribution of NPC (Fig.1).

##### Translations
### Further reading

* Lienchiang, Lianjiang at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.