# 稱

| 稱 | U+7A31, &#31281; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A31 |
| ← 稰 [U+7A30] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 稲 → [U+7A32] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 称 |
| Simplified | 称 |
| Traditional | 稱 |

### Han character

稱 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹木月土月 (HDBGB), four-corner 2295$_7$, composition ⿰禾爯)

#### Derived characters

* 䕝, 𡚕

#### Related characters

* 称 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese shinjitai)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 856, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25180
* Dae Jaweon: page 1282, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2619, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7A31

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 稱 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 稱 | *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs |
| 爯 | *tʰjɯŋ |
| 偁 | *tʰjɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs): semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chēng (cheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̂n
    (Hailu, HRS): chin$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chheng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cheng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: chēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̂n
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨn²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰin⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng
*** Tâi-lô: tshing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhefng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshen
*** MiniDict: tshen$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰən⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhing
Rime :
| Character | 稱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 處陵切 |
| Baxter | tsyhing |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 稱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhing › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰəŋ/ |
| English | weigh; evaluate; call |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 稱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1402 |
| Phonetic component | 爯 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 稱 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjɯŋ/ |

#### Definitions

稱
* to weigh
       chēng yīxià xínglǐ de zhòngliàng [Pinyin]
       to weigh the luggage
* to call; to name
    稱兄道弟／称兄道弟 ― chēngxiōngdàodì ― to be on intimate terms (literally, “to call each other brothers”)
       Dàjiā dōu chēng tā wéi Zhāng shīfù. [Pinyin]
       Everyone calls him "Master Zhang".
* to say; to state
    宣稱／宣称 ― xuānchēng ― to claim
    拍手稱快／拍手称快 ― pāishǒuchēngkuài ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to praise; to commend
    稱頌／称颂 ― chēngsòng ― to praise
* name; address; appellation; designation
    別稱／别称 ― biéchēng ― another name; alternative name
* (literary) reputation; repute; standing
* to proclaim oneself to be
    稱帝／称帝 ― chēngdì ― to proclaim oneself emperor
* (literary) to lift; to raise

#### Compounds

* 並稱 / 并称 (bìngchēng)
* 交口稱譽 / 交口称誉
* 交口稱贊 / 交口称赞
* 供稱 / 供称 (gòngchēng)
* 侔色揣稱 / 侔色揣称
* 俗稱 / 俗称 (súchēng)
* 個個稱羨 / 个个称羡
* 俯首稱臣 / 俯首称臣 (fǔshǒu chēngchén)
* 假稱 / 假称 (jiǎchēng)
* 僭稱 / 僭称 (jiànchēng)
* 全稱 / 全称 (quánchēng)
* 公稱 / 公称 (gōngchēng)
* 冒稱 / 冒称
* 別稱 / 别称 (biéchēng)
* 北面稱臣 / 北面称臣
* 南面稱伯 / 南面称伯
* 南面稱孤 / 南面称孤
* 南面稱王 / 南面称王
* 口稱 / 口称 (kǒuchēng)
* 名稱 / 名称 (míngchēng)
* 嘖嘖稱奇 / 啧啧称奇
* 嘖嘖稱好 / 啧啧称好
* 四海稱臣 / 四海称臣
* 堅稱 / 坚称 (jiānchēng)
* 堪稱 / 堪称 (kānchēng)
* 多言繁稱 / 多言繁称
* 妄稱 / 妄称 (wàngchēng)
* 官稱兒 / 官称儿
* 宣稱 / 宣称 (xuānchēng)
* 尊稱 / 尊称 (zūnchēng)
* 戲稱 / 戏称 (xìchēng)
* 拍手稱快 / 拍手称快
* 拍案稱奇 / 拍案称奇
* 指稱 / 指称 (zhǐchēng)
* 指稱詞 / 指称词
* 推稱 / 推称
* 提稱語 / 提称语
* 據稱 / 据称 (jùchēng)
* 擊節稱賞 / 击节称赏
* 改稱 / 改称 (gǎichēng)
* 敬稱 / 敬称 (jìngchēng)
* 暱稱 / 昵称 (nìchēng)
* 汎稱 / 泛称
* 法稱 / 法称
* 特稱 / 特称 (tèchēng)
* 眾口稱善 / 众口称善
* 稱亂 / 称乱
* 稱便 / 称便 (chēngbiàn)
* 稱兄道弟 / 称兄道弟 (chēngxiōngdàodì)
* 稱兵 / 称兵 (chēngbīng)
* 稱制 / 称制
* 稱功頌德 / 称功颂德
* 稱名念佛 / 称名念佛
* 稱呼 / 称呼 (chēnghū)
* 稱奇道妙 / 称奇道妙
* 稱奇道異 / 称奇道异
* 稱奇道絕 / 称奇道绝
* 稱孤 / 称孤 (chēnggū)
* 稱孤道寡 / 称孤道寡 (chēnggūdàoguǎ)
* 稱帝 / 称帝 (chēngdì)
* 稱引 / 称引 (chēngyǐn)
* 稱得上 / 称得上 (chēngdeshàng)
* 稱得起 / 称得起
* 稱快 / 称快 (chēngkuài)
* 稱慶 / 称庆 (chēngqìng)
* 稱揚 / 称扬 (chēngyáng)
* 稱是 / 称是
* 稱柴而爨 / 称柴而爨
* 稱王封后
* 稱王稱帝 / 称王称帝
* 稱王稱霸 / 称王称霸 (chēngwángchēngbà)
* 稱異 / 称异
* 稱疾 / 称疾
* 稱病 / 称病 (chēngbìng)
* 稱美 / 称美 (chēngměi)
* 稱羨 / 称羡 (chēngxiàn)
* 稱臣 / 称臣 (chēngchén)
* 稱臣納貢 / 称臣纳贡
* 稱薪而爨 / 称薪而爨
* 稱薪量水 / 称薪量水
* 稱號 / 称号 (chēnghào)
* 稱觴 / 称觞
* 稱許 / 称许 (chēngxǔ)
* 稱詞 / 称词
* 稱誦 / 称诵
* 稱說 / 称说 (chēngshuō)
* 稱謂 / 称谓 (chēngwèi)
* 稱謂錄 / 称谓录
* 稱謝 / 称谢 (chēngxiè)
* 稱譽 / 称誉 (chēngyù)
* 稱讚 / 称赞 (chēngzàn)
* 稱賀 / 称贺 (chēnghè)
* 稱貸 / 称贷 (chēngdài)
* 稱賞 / 称赏 (chēngshǎng)
* 稱賢薦能 / 称贤荐能
* 稱述 / 称述 (chēngshù)
* 稱道 / 称道 (chēngdào)
* 稱雄 / 称雄 (chēngxióng)
* 稱霸 / 称霸 (chēngbà)
* 稱頌 / 称颂 (chēngsòng)
* 第一人稱 / 第一人称 (dì-yī rénchēng)
* 第三人稱 / 第三人称 (dì-sān rénchēng)
* 簡稱 / 简称 (jiǎnchēng)
* 納貢稱臣 / 纳贡称臣
* 統稱 / 统称 (tǒngchēng)
* 縮屋稱貞 / 缩屋称贞
* 縮稱 / 缩称 (suōchēng)
* 總稱 / 总称 (zǒngchēng)
* 美稱 / 美称 (měichēng)
* 聲稱 / 声称 (shēngchēng)
* 聲稱籍甚 / 声称籍甚
* 職稱 / 职称 (zhíchēng)
* 自稱 / 自称 (zìchēng)
* 舉觴稱慶 / 举觞称庆
* 舊稱 / 旧称 (jiùchēng)
* 著稱 / 著称 (zhùchēng)
* 號稱 / 号称 (hàochēng)
* 複稱 / 复称
* 見稱 / 见称 (jiànchēng)
* 親屬稱謂 / 亲属称谓
* 訛稱 / 讹称 (échēng)
* 詐稱 / 诈称 (zhàchēng)
* 誑稱 / 诳称
* 諱過稱善 / 讳过称善
* 謔稱 / 谑称 (xuèchēng)
* 謙稱 / 谦称 (qiānchēng)
* 辯稱 / 辩称 (biànchēng)
* 逞強稱能 / 逞强称能
* 通稱 / 通称 (tōngchēng)
* 道寡稱孤 / 道寡称孤
* 額手稱慶 / 额手称庆 (éshǒuchéngqìng)
* 額手稱頌 / 额手称颂
* 點頭稱善 / 点头称善

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chèn, chèng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˋ, ㄔㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^3$ / can$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳn
    (Hailu, HRS): chin$^ˇ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chèn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^4$
*** Yale: chèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenn
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chèng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^4$
*** Yale: chèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenq
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
* chèng - standard in Taiwan;
* in Mainland, only in the obsolete sense “steelyard”.
* Middle Chinese: tsyhingH
Rime :
| Character | 稱 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌孕切 |
| Baxter | tsyhingH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰieŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰiŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭəŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯əŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tʰəŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjɯŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 稱 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhing$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-tʰəŋ-s/ |
| English | steelyard |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 稱 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1405 |
| Phonetic component | 爯 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 稱 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjɯŋs/ |

#### Definitions

稱
* to match; to fit
    稱心如意／称心如意 ― chènxīnrúyì ― satisfactory
    相稱／相称 ― xiàngchèn ― to match each other
* balanced; suitable
* (Mandarin, colloquial) to have (money or properties)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 秤 (“steelyard”)

#### Compounds

* 不相稱 / 不相称
* 不稱 / 不称
* 不稱心 / 不称心
* 不稱職 / 不称职
* 倍稱 / 倍称
* 勻稱 / 匀称 (yúnchèn)
* 名實相稱 / 名实相称
* 四稱 / 四称
* 報稱 / 报称
* 對稱 / 对称
* 廝稱 / 厮称
* 本末不稱 / 本末不称
* 相稱 / 相称
* 稱家有無 / 称家有无
* 稱心 / 称心 (chènxīn)
* 稱心如意 / 称心如意
* 稱心快意 / 称心快意
* 稱心滿志 / 称心满志
* 稱心滿意 / 称心满意
* 稱情 / 称情
* 稱意 / 称意
* 稱職 / 称职 (chènzhí)
* 稱身 / 称身
* 稱錢 / 称钱 (chènqián)
* 稱鎚落井 / 称锤落井
* 稱願 / 称愿 (chènyuàn)
* 稱體裁衣 / 称体裁衣 (chèntǐcáiyī)
* 葉面對稱 / 叶面对称
* 躧匾稱鉈 / 𰸐匾称铊
* 過稱 / 过称
* 配稱 / 配称
* 銖兩悉稱 / 铢两悉称

### References

* “稱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “称”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 称 |
| Kyūjitai | 稱 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 称)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: はかる (hakaru, 稱る)、となえる (tonaeru, 稱える)、たたえる (tataeru, 稱える)、あげる (ageru, 稱げる)

## Korean
### Hanja

稱 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

稱: Hán Nôm readings: xưng, xứng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.