# cha
## Translingual
### Symbol

cha
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Chamorro.

## English
### Etymology 1

From Chinese 茶 (chá), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la, via two routes: in some cases from Hindustani चा (cā) / چا (cā) (a variant of the same root, from Persian چا, which led to chai), from Northern Chinese; in other cases from 茶 (chá) /t͡sʰɑː²¹/, the pronunciation found in Canton (Guangzhou), where the British bought much of their tea in the 19th century. Doublet of tea, which is from the Amoy Min Nan pronunciation tê.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃɑː/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː

#### Noun

cha (uncountable)
* tea, sometimes (dialect) specifically masala chai
    Would you like a cup of cha?
** 1934 August 4, George Herriman, Krazy Kat, Saturday, comic strip, →ISBN, page 206:[Krazy Kat, bringing a full tray:] Look, folkses – hot dogs, hot cha, hot peppa pots, hot timollies – hot kuffy.

##### Synonyms

* tea

##### Derived terms

* chasericulture

##### Related terms

* chai
* char
* chaw

### Etymology 2

Pronunciation spelling of you, especially when preceded by a t sound.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃʌ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌ

#### Pronoun

cha
* (dialectal, nonstandard) You.
** 1976, Flying Magazine, page 34:You mean you can't fly after you've had a few beers? You can drive, can't cha?
** 2005, Busta Rhymes, CeeLo Green (lyrics and music), “Don't Cha”, performed by Pussycat Dolls:Don't cha wish your girlfriend was a freak like me?
** 2008, Barbara L. Jent, The Weddin' Day, Barbara Jent, →ISBN, page 157:“You'll be ridin' with us, won't cha, Josh?”

##### Derived terms

* dincha
* doncha
* gotcha

### Etymology 3

From cha-cha (q.v.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃɑː/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː

#### Particle

cha
* (dance) Used to count out steps, particularly involving the hip-shaking sections of rhythmic Latin dances
    One–two–cha–cha–cha Three–four–cha–cha–cha

##### Derived terms

* ha-cha-cha

### Etymology 4

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 자 (ja).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃɑː/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː

#### Noun

cha (plural chas or cha)
* (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

### See also

* cha chaan teng

### Anagrams

* ACH, CAH, HAC, HCA, ach, cah

## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* cheemen, cheme, cho, chomu, choo, chéeme

### Etymology

From Old High German kweman, chuman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną. Cognate with German kommen, Dutch komen, English come, Icelandic koma, Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman).

### Verb

cha
* (Uri) to come

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | cha | cha | cha | cha | cha | cha |
| past participle | past participle | cha | cha | cha | cha | cha | cha |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person ich, i | 2nd person du | 3rd person er/si/es | 1st person mir | 2nd person ir | 3rd person si |
| indicative | present | chuume | chunsch | chunt | chemme | chemmet | chemme |
| subjunctive | present | chemm, chemmi | chemmesch | chemm, chemmi | chemme | chemmet | chemme |
| subjunctive | past | chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi | chëmesch, chëmtesch, chiemesch | chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi | chëme, chëmte, chieme | chëmet, chëmtet, chieme | chëme, chëmte, chieme |
| imperative | affirmative | — | chu | — | — | chemmet | — |

#### Derived terms

* ubercha

### References

* Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 86.

## Atong (India)
### Alternative forms

* char

### Etymology

From Hindi चार (cār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕa/

### Numeral

cha (Bengali script চা)
* four

#### Synonyms

* byryi
* por

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 3.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ha(ː)/

### Particle

cha (Triggers lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p, s. Triggers eclipsis of d, t.)
* (Ulster) not
    Cha phósann sí é.She will not marry him.
    Cha dtugaim.I do not give, I will not give.

#### Usage notes

Used only in some varieties of Ulster Irish. Not used with the future tense; a future meaning can be conveyed by using it with the present tense.

#### Synonyms

* ní (used in Munster Irish, Connacht Irish, and some varieties of Ulster Irish)

#### Related terms

* chan (used before vowel sounds)
* char (used before the past tense)

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 178, page 68

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cha”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Japanese
### Romanization

cha
* The hiragana syllable ちゃ (cha) or the katakana syllable チャ (cha) in Hepburn romanization.

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa$^4$ rather than Hokkien tê.

### Noun

cha
* tea

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa/

### Noun

cha m inan
* The name of the Latin-script letter ch/Ch.

### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej

## Mandarin
### Romanization

cha
* Nonstandard spelling of chā.
* Nonstandard spelling of chá.
* Nonstandard spelling of chǎ.
* Nonstandard spelling of chà.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Manx
### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con. Compare Irish ní, cha, Scottish Gaelic cha.

#### Particle

cha
* not
    Cha bee'n poosey ayn. ― The marriage will not take place.
    Cha vel blass er. ― It has no taste.

##### Usage notes

* Used with the dependent form of a verb. With the copula, the verb may be suppressed.
* Becomes chan before a vowel.

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

cha
* Alternative form of cho

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Navajo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰɑ̀]

### Noun

cha
* crying, weeping

## Pacoh
### Etymology

From Proto-Katuic *caa, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [caː]

### Verb

cha
* to eat

#### Affixed forms

* pacha ("to feed")
* tanna ("food")

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀙 (Brahmi script)
* छ (Devanagari script)
* ছ (Bengali script)
* ඡ (Sinhalese script)
* ဆ or ꧡ (Burmese script)
* ฉ or ฉะ (Thai script)
* ᨨ (Tai Tham script)
* ຉ or ຉະ (Lao script)
* ឆ (Khmer script)
* 𑄍 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Possibly from Sanskrit *ट्षष् (ṭṣaṣ), variant of षष् (ṣaṣ); see there for further etymology.

### Numeral

cha
* six

#### Declension

Optionally indeclinable.

### References

* ↑ Rothstein-Dowden, Z. (2021). On the numeral cha '6' in Middle and New Indo-Aryan. East Coast Indo-European Conference XL.
* ↑ Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “cha”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Pipil
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa/

### Verb

-cha
* Clipping of -chiwa.

## Romansch
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Conjunction

cha
* (Puter, Vallader) that

#### Alternative forms

* che (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan)
* ca, c' (Sutsilvan)
* tgi (Surmiran)

### Pronoun

cha
* (Puter, Vallader) who, whom

#### Alternative forms

* che (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan)
* tge (Sutsilvan)
* tgi (Surmiran)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish nochan, from Old Irish nícon, from ní (“not”) + con (“toward”). Cognates include Irish cha and Manx cha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa/
* Hyphenation: cha

### Particle

cha
* Used together with a dependent form of a verb to form the negative: not
    Cha robh bean aig Iain. ― Ian didn't have a wife.

#### Usage notes

* Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
* Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.

### Verb

cha
* Negative forms of the copula: is not
    Cha mhise m’ athair. ― I am not my father.
    Cha bhòrd bòrd gun aran ach ’s bòrd aran leis fhèin. ― A table without bread is no table but bread is a table by itself.
    Cha toigh leam càise. ― I don't like cheese.

#### Usage notes

* Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
* Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.
* Does not lenite pronouns except for mi, mise.

#### Inflection
### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Colin Mark (2003) “cha”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 129

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* chá

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese chá, from Macanese Cantonese 茶 (caa$^4$). Compare Tagalog tsa, Cebuano tsa. Doublet of té.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa/ [ˈt͡ʃa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: cha

### Noun

cha m (plural chas)
* (Philippines, historical) tea
    Synonym: té

### Further reading

* “cha”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* Abella, Venancio María de (1874) Vade-Mecum Filipino ó manual de la conversacion familiar Español-Tagalog. Seguido de un curioso Vocabulario de Modismos Manileños.‎, 12.ᵃ edition (overall work in Spanish and Tagalog), Escolta, Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier, á cargo de C. Miralles., page 115

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

-cha (infinitive kucha)
* to dawn, (of the sun) to rise
    Antonym: -chwa
* to fear, be afraid

##### Usage notes

In Standard Swahili, the sense "to fear" is used of reverential fear, generally fearing God. However, in the Mombasa dialect, it is used as a synonym of -ogopa.

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of -cha :
| Positive present | -nakucha |
| Subjunctive | -che |
| Negative | -chi |
| Imperative singular | kucha |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kucha |
| Negative | kutokucha |
Imperatives :
| Singular | kucha |
| Plural | kucheni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hucha |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likucha |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kucha |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takucha |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takucha |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siche |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekucha |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekucha |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikucha |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikucha |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekucha |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakucha |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jacha |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kicha |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokucha |
| Consecutive | kacha / positive subject concord + -kacha |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kache |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

##### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -chea
** Causative: -chesha
** Passive: -chewa
* Nominal derivations:
** mcha

### Etymology 2

Other scripts :
| Ajami | گَـ |

#### Particle

cha
* Ki class inflected form of -a.

## Swazi
### Interjection

cha
* no

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa/ [ˈt͡ʃa]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˈtsa/ [ˈt͡sa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: cha

#### Noun

cha (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ)
* Alternative form of tsa

### Etymology 2

From fast pronunciation spelling of tihaya.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃaʔ/ [ˈt͡ʃaʔ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˈtsaʔ/ [ˈt͡saʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: cha

#### Adjective

châ (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ) (card games, dated, slang)
* face-up (in playing cards)
    Synonym: tihaya
    Antonyms: chub, taob

##### Alternative forms

* chaya, tsaya

##### See also

* pog
* tao
* teks

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Compare Limchowese 吒 (zaa1, “father”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕaː˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕaː˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [caː˧˧]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Noun

cha • (乍, 吒, 𤕔)
* (dated or literary or Catholicism) a father
* (Southern Vietnam, humorous) a dude
    Synonyms: bố, cha nội
    Thôi dẹp đi cha!Stop it, dude!

### Pronoun

cha
* (dated or literary) I/me, your father
* (dated or literary) you, my father
* (Catholicism) you, father

#### Derived terms

* cha chú
* cha nội
* ông cha
* thằng cha

#### See also

* chả
* ba
* bọ
* bố
* cậu
* thầy
* tía

### Further reading

* "cha" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)

## Welsh
### Verb

cha
* Aspirate mutation of ca.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Western Apache
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʃa]

### Noun

cha
* beaver

## Woleaian
### Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *caa, from Proto-Oceanic *draʀaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

### Noun

cha
* blood

### Verb

cha
* (stative) red
* (stative) bloody, bleeding

## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃa]

### Particle

cha
* Allomorph of ka (interrogative particle) used after words that end in i.

## Zacatepec Chatino
### Adjective

cha
* sharp

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǀʰá/

### Interjection

cha
* no
    Synonym: qha

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cha (2)”