# ester
## English
### Etymology

From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈɛstɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɛstə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
* Homophone: Esther

### Noun

ester (plural esters)
* (organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
** 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
** 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, →DOI, page 1567:The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
** 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering‎, volume 118, number 12, page 60:The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.

#### Derived terms

* acetylesterase
* aminoester
* carboxylesterase
* diester
* elastomultiester
* enamino ester
* esmolol
* esterase
* estergum
* esterification
* esterify
* esterize
* hemiester
* hydroxy ester
* iminoester
* interester
* isoester
* jojoba ester
* ketoester
* monoester
* nonester
* oligoester
* orthoester
* oxyester
* perester
* phosphite ester
* phosphoester
* polyesteramide
* polyphosphoester
* selenoester
* silicon ester
* thioester
* transesterification
* transesterify
* triester

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Reset, Steer, Trees, estre, re-est., reest, reset, retes, seter, steer, stere, teers, teres, terse, trees

## Cornish
### Noun

ester f (singulative estren)
* oysters

## Czech
### Noun

ester m inan
* ester

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ester”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “ester”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Danish
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
* Estonian

##### Synonyms

* estlænder

### Etymology 2

From German Ester.

#### Noun

ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
* ester

##### Derived terms

* polyester

### References

* “ester” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Ester.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛs.tər/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: es‧ter
* Rhymes: -ɛstər

### Noun

ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)
* (organic chemistry) ester

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: ester

## Estonian
### Etymology

German Ester.

### Noun

ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)
* (organic chemistry) ester

#### Declension
### Further reading

* ester in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## French
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French ester (given a spelling-pronunciation), from Classical Latin stāre (cf. the juridical Medieval Latin senses).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛs.te/

#### Verb

ester (defective)
* (law, rare) to appear
* (archaic) to be

##### Conjugation

Only used in the infinitive, present participle estant and past participle esté.

##### Related terms

* être

### Etymology 2

From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛs.tɛʁ/

#### Noun

ester m (plural esters)
* (organic chemistry) ester

### Further reading

* “ester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* estre, êtres, reste, resté, stère, stéré, terse, tersé

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛs.tər/
* Rhymes: -tər
* Hyphenation: es‧têr
* Homophone: Ester

### Noun

estêr (plural ester-ester)
* (organic chemistry) ester

#### Derived terms

* ester asam
* ester asetoasetat
* ester fosfat
* ester retinil
* ester sukrosa
* ester sulfonat

### Further reading

* “ester” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ladin
### Etymology 1

From Latin exterus, from exter.

#### Adjective

ester m (feminine singular estera, masculine plural esters, feminine plural esteres)
* foreign, overseas

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

#### Alternative forms

* esse, esser, vester

#### Verb

ester
* to be

##### Conjugation

* Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* aster, astern, eastran, estern, estre, estren, yestre

### Etymology

From Old English ēaster.

### Noun

ester (plural esters)
* Easter (Christian holiday)
** c. 1280, “Vita sancti Brendani, Abbatis de Hybernia”, in Carl Horstmann, editor, The Early South English Legendary or Lives of Saints‎, London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1887, page 224:To a stede ȝe schulle hunne wende : þurf oure louerdes grace, / Þat is foweles parays : a wel ioyful place : / Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo : & þis wit-sonedai also.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, edited by William Aldis Wright, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, page 556:Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer · to midewinter at gloucestre · / To witesonetid at westmunstre · to ester at wincestre ·(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** a. 1402, “De regione lodœœ”, in John Trevisa, transl., edited by Joseph Rawson Lumby, Polychronicon, page 111:Mysbyleued men mysdede neuere þat chirche ; and þat is, as me troweþ, for euery ȝere an Ester eue comeþ fire from heuene, and tendeþ and liȝteþ þe lamps þerynne ; but whan þat miracle bygan first, hit is vncertayne and vnknowe.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

“ēster(n, n., MED14534.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

ester m (definite singular esteren, indefinite plural estere, definite plural esterne)
* Estonian

#### Synonyms

* estlending, estlender

#### Related terms

* Estland
* estlandsk, estisk

## Old French
### Etymology

From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Forms in -ac- and -ui/-eü-/-i- originates from Vulgar Latin *statiō, *stūtum (perfect *stuī), all are from statum. The indicative present forms bear similarities with endings of the suppletive verb aler and must have contained from vois, the origin of -ois in estois and other forms, however, are unclear (see also Modern French vais).
Compare with estre, whose later merged and resulting some forms reflecting the forms of ester.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (early) /esˈteːɾ/
* IPA: (late) /eˈteɾ/

### Verb

ester
* to be
* to stay; to remain

#### Usage notes

According to the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, "[i]t is not always possible to make a valid distinction between and ester and estre".

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

#### Descendants

(mainly blended into descendants of estre)
* Middle French: ester

### References

* ↑ ester on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub. Retrieved August 29 2016

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Ester.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛs.tɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛstɛr
* Syllabification: es‧ter

### Noun

ester m inan
* (organic chemistry) ester

#### Declension

Usually in the plural.

#### Related terms

* acetyloesteraza

### Further reading

* ester in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ester in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French ester.

### Noun

ester m (plural esteri)
* ester

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Ester.

#### Noun

ester c
* (organic chemistry) an ester

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

ester
* indefinite plural of est

### Anagrams

* eters, reste, teers, teser

## Welsh
### Etymology

Internationalism borrowed from English ester.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈɛsdɛr/, [ˈɛstɛr]

### Noun

ester m (plural esterau)
* (organic chemistry) ester

#### Derived terms

* esteru (“to esterify”)
* esteriad (“esterification”)

### Further reading

* Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎ (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN