# 忌

| 忌 | U+5FCC, &#24524; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCC |
| ← 忋 [U+5FCB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忍 → [U+5FCD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忌 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山心 (SUP), four-corner 1733$_1$, composition ⿱己心)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10310
* Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2270, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5FCC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 改 | *klɯːʔ |
| 跽 | *ɡrɯʔ |
| 己 | *kɯʔ |
| 紀 | *kɯʔ |
| 妀 | *kɯʔ |
| 記 | *kɯs |
| 杞 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 屺 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 芑 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 邔 | *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs |
| 玘 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 忌 | *ɡɯs |
| 鵋 | *ɡɯs |
| 誋 | *ɡɯs |
| 梞 | *ɡɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯs): phonetic 己 (OC *kɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi
* Northern Min (KCR): gī
* Eastern Min (BUC): gê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kī / khī / khî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^6$
*** Yale: geih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ki$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
*** Tâi-lô: kī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khī
*** Tâi-lô: khī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qi
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰi³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khî
*** Tâi-lô: khî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qii
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi²⁴/
* kī, khī - literary;
* khî - vernacular (俗);
* kī - anniversary of the death of one's elder.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit忌 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕi³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /d͡ʑi³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑi¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zz̩²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰi³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kei²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ki²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kei²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ki²²/ /kʰi²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ki⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ki³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ki³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: giH
Rime :
| Character | 忌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠記切 |
| Baxter | giH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-k(r)ək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-k(r)ək-s/ |
| English | warn; avoid |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5774 |
| Phonetic component | 己 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 忌 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯs/ |

#### Definitions

忌
* to be jealous; to envy; to hate
    妒忌 ― dùjì ― to envy
* (literary, or in compounds) to fear; to dread
* to avoid
* to abstain; to drop; to stop; to give up (a bad habit)
* to taboo; to prohibit
* taboo
* (literary or Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) anniversary of the death of one's elder
    忌辰 [Hokkien] ― kī-sîn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― anniversary of a death
    忌日 [Hokkien] ― kī-ji̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― anniversary of a death
       Kin-á lé kāng gún a-má chòe-kī. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Today, the death anniversary is being held for our paternal grandmother.
* a surname, Ji

##### Synonyms

* (to be jealous):
* 吃味 (chīwèi) (regional)
* 妒嫉 (dùjí)
* 妒忌 (dùjì)
* 妒恨 (dùhèn) (literary)
* 媢嫉 (màojí) (literary)
* 嫉妒 (jídù)
* 忌垢 (ji$^4$ gou$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 忌妒 (jìdù)
* 怨妒 (Hokkien)
* 惡妒 / 恶妒 (Hokkien)
* 欣羨 / 欣羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
* 歆羨 / 歆羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
* 目空刺 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 目空赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 目紅 / 目红 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 目赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 眼氣 / 眼气 (nie$^2$ qi$^3$) (Jin)
* 眼紅 / 眼红 (yǎnhóng)
* 紅目 / 红目 (Hokkien)
* 羨慕 / 羡慕 (xiànmù)
* 葡萄 (pou$^4$ tou$^4$) (Cantonese, Hong Kong, neologism)
* 豔羨 / 艳羡 (yànxiàn) (formal)
* 赤狗目 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 赤目 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* (to fear):
* 嚇 / 吓
* 害怕 (hàipà)
* 怕
* 怕懼 / 怕惧 (pàjù) (literary)
* 恐懼 / 恐惧 (kǒngjù)
* 懼怕 / 惧怕 (jùpà)
* 深怕 (shēnpà)
* 生怕 (shēngpà)
* 生畏 (shēngwèi) (literary)
* 畏怯 (wèiqiè)
* 畏懼 / 畏惧 (wèijù)
* 驚 / 惊 (dialectal)
* (to abstain): 戒除 (jièchú)

#### Compounds

* 不知忌諱 / 不知忌讳
* 做忌
* 全無忌憚 / 全无忌惮
* 兵家大忌
* 切忌 (qièjì)
* 同行相忌
* 周忌
* 回忌
* 國忌 / 国忌
* 外寬內忌 / 外宽内忌
* 多忌
* 大忌 (dàjì)
* 妒忌 (dùjì)
* 威士忌 (wēishìjì)
* 嫌忌
* 年忌
* 忌刻 (jìkè)
* 忌前
* 忌口 (jìkǒu)
* 忌嘴 (jìzuǐ)
* 忌妒 (jìdù)
* 忌妻
* 忌恨 (jìhèn)
* 忌憚 / 忌惮 (jìdàn)
* 忌才 (jìcái)
* 忌日 (jìrì)
* 忌煙 / 忌烟
* 忌祭
* 忌諱 / 忌讳 (jìhuì)
* 忌辰 (jìchén)
* 忌避
* 忌邪 (jìxié)
* 恣睢無忌 / 恣睢无忌
* 恣肆無忌 / 恣肆无忌
* 愍忌
* 慶忌 / 庆忌
* 戒忌
* 投鼠之忌
* 投鼠忌器 (tóushǔjìqì)
* 拘忌 (jūjì)
* 擲鼠忌器 / 掷鼠忌器
* 月忌
* 有所顧忌 / 有所顾忌
* 橫行無忌 / 横行无忌 (héngxíngwújì)
* 正忌
* 死忌 (sǐjì)
* 毫無忌憚 / 毫无忌惮
* 無忌 / 无忌 (wújì)
* 無所忌憚 / 无所忌惮
* 無所畏忌 / 无所畏忌
* 無所顧忌 / 无所顾忌
* 犯忌
* 犯忌諱 / 犯忌讳
* 猜忌 (cāijì)
* 生忌 (shēngjì)
* 畏忌
* 疑忌 (yíjì)
* 百無所忌 / 百无所忌
* 百無禁忌 / 百无禁忌 (bǎiwújìnjì)
* 益無忌憚 / 益无忌惮
* 直言無忌 / 直言无忌
* 禁忌 (jìnjì)
* 禁忌站臺 / 禁忌站台
* 童言無忌 / 童言无忌 (tóngyánwújì)
* 肆無忌憚 / 肆无忌惮 (sìwújìdàn)
* 肆行無忌 / 肆行无忌
* 肆言無忌 / 肆言无忌
* 葷素不忌 / 荤素不忌
* 蠶忌 / 蚕忌
* 觸禁犯忌 / 触禁犯忌
* 諱疾忌醫 / 讳疾忌医 (huìjíjìyī)
* 避忌 (bìjì)
* 還忌 / 还忌
* 配合禁忌
* 鉗忌 / 钳忌
* 頻來無忌 / 频来无忌
* 顧忌 / 顾忌 (gùjì)
* 食忌 (shíjì)

#### See also

* 嫉 (jí)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 忌 – see 嫉 (“to envy; to be jealous; to hate; to resent”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 嫉).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “忌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* mourning
* to abhor
* abhorrent, detestable
* death anniversary

#### Readings

* Go-on: ご (go)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: いむ (imu, 忌む, Jōyō)、いみ (imi, 忌み)、いましい (imashii, 忌ましい)、いまう (imau, 忌まう)、いまわしい (imawashii, 忌まわしい, Jōyō)
* Nanori: いまわ (imawa)

#### Compounds

* 忌(い)み嫌(きら)う (imikirau)
* 忌(い)み日(び) (imibi)
* 忌(き)日(にち) (kinichi)
* 忌(き)日(じつ) (kijitsu)
* 回(かい)忌(き) (kaiki)
* 祖(そ)忌(き) (soki): (Buddhism) death anniversary of a sect founder, or the memorial service thereof

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 忌
* き Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 忌 (MC giH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲi]

### Noun

忌(き) • (ki)
* mourning
* anniversary of someone's death

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

忌 (eumhun 꺼릴 기 (kkeoril gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“jealous, envious”)
* hanja form of 기 (“fear”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忌: Hán Việt readings: kí, kị, kỵ
忌: Nôm readings: cạy, cậy, cữ, kiêng, kị, kỵ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation