# 大臣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàchén
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ san$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-sṳ̀n
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tāi-sîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàchén
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàchén
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: dà-chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahchern
*** Palladius: дачэнь (dačɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ san$^4$
*** Yale: daaih sàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ san$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ sen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tai$^4$ sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-sîn
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-sîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixsiin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ sin¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ sin²³/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH dzyin
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 臣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 植鄰切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | dzyin |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /d͡ʑin/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | chén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | san$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s [ɡ]i[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːds ɡiŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 臣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dà | dà | chén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ da$^H$ › | ‹ daj$^H$ › | ‹ dzyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁat-s/ (MC F!) | /*lˁa[t]-s/ | /*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/ |
| English | big | big | slave, subject |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 臣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1934 | 1939 | 1342 |
| Phonetic component | 大 | 大 | 臣 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 祭 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䭾 | 大 | 辰 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːds/ | /*daːds/ | /*ɡiŋ/ |
| Notes | | | 甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者 |

### Noun

大臣
* minister (of an imperial regime, cabinet, etc.); high-level official (of a monarchy); secretary; chancellor
    Synonym: 部長 / 部长 (bùzhǎng) (for non-monarchies)

#### Derived terms

* 內政大臣 / 内政大臣 (nèizhèng dàchén)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大臣(だいじん) (daijin); 大臣(たいしん) (taishin)
* → Vietnamese: đại thần (大臣)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| だい Grade: 1 | じん Grade: 4 |
| goon ||
From Middle Chinese 大臣 (MC dajH dzyin).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) だいじん [dáꜜìjìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [da̠iʑĩɴ]

#### Noun

大(だい)臣(じん) • (daijin)
* (politics) a government minister of Japan or ancient China
* (politics, historical) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”), namely the 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin), 左大臣 (sadaijin), 右大臣 (udaijin), and 内大臣 (naidaijin)

##### Derived terms

* 大(だい)臣(じん)官(かん)房(ぼう) (daijin kanbō)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)規(き)範(はん) (daijin kihan)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)家(け) (daijinke)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)政(せい)務(む)官(かん) (daijin seimukan)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)折(せっ)衝(しょう) (daijin sesshō)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)の大(たい)饗(きょう) (daijin no taikyō)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)柱(ばしら) (daijinbashira)
* 大(だい)臣(じん)補(ほ)佐(さ)官(かん) (daijin hosakan)
* 一(いち)の大(だい)臣(じん) (ichi no daijin)
* 右(う)大(だい)臣(じん) (udaijin)
* 大(おお)蔵(くら)大(だい)臣(じん) (ōkura daijin)
* 海(かい)軍(じゅん)大(だい)臣(じん) (kaijun daijin)
* 外(がい)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (gaimu daijin)
* 各(かく)省(しょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (kakushō daijin)
* 吉(き)備(び)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kibi Daijin)
* 行(ぎょう)政(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (gyōsei daijin)
* 欽(きん)差(さ)大(だい)臣(じん) (kinsa daijin)
* 宮(く)内(ない)大(だい)臣(じん) (kunai daijin)
* 軍(ぐん)機(き)大(だい)臣(じん) (gunki daijin)
* 経(けい)済(ざい)産(さん)業(ぎょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Keizai-sangyō-daijin)
* 厚(こう)生(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (kōsei daijin)
* 国(こく)土(ど)交(こう)通(つう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kokudo-kōtsū-daijin)
* 国(こく)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (kokumu daijin)
* 左(さ)大(だい)臣(じん) (sadaijin)
* 財(ざい)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (zaimu daijin)
* 三(さん)大(だい)臣(じん) (sandaijin)
* 司(し)法(ほう)大(だい)臣(じん) (shihō daijin)
* 主(しゅ)任(にん)の大(だい)臣(じん) (shunin no daijin)
* 主(しゅ)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (shumu daijin)
* 総(そう)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (sōmu daijin)
* 総(そう)理(り)大(だい)臣(じん) (sōri-daijin)
* 太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (daijō-daijin), 太(だ)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (dajō-daijin)
* 通(つう)商(しょう)産(さん)業(ぎょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (tsūshō-sangyō-daijin)
* 逓(てい)信(しん)大(だい)臣(じん) (teishin daijin)
* 特(とく)命(めい)担(たん)当(とう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Tokumei-tantō-daijin)
* 内(ない)大(だい)臣(じん) (naidaijin)
* 内(ない)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (naimu daijin)
* 南(なん)洋(よう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Nan'yō daijin)
* 任(にん)大(だい)臣(じん) (nindaijin)
* 農(のう)林(りん)水(すい)産(さん)大(だい)臣(じん) (nōrin suisan daijin)
* 伴(ばん)食(しょく)大(だい)臣(じん) (banshoku daijin)
* 副(ふく)大(だい)臣(じん) (fukudaijin)
* 法(ほう)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (hōmu daijin)
* 堀(ほり)川(かわの)大(だい)臣(じん) (Horikawa no Daijin)
* 無(む)任(にん)所(しょ)大(だい)臣(じん) (muninsho daijin)
* 文(もん)部(ぶ)大(だい)臣(じん) (monbu-daijin)
* 文(もん)部(ぶ)科(か)学(がく)大(だい)臣(じん) (Monbu-kagaku-daijin)
* 郵(ゆう)政(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (yūsei daijin)
* 百合(ゆり)若(わか)大(だい)臣(じん) (Yuriwaka Daijin)
* 陸(りく)軍(ぐん)大(だい)臣(じん) (rikugun daijin)

##### See also

* 閣(かく)僚(りょう) (kakuryō)
* 長(ちょう)官(かん) (chōkan)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| たい Grade: 1 | しん Grade: 4 |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese 大臣 (MC dajH dzyin).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たいしん [táꜜìshìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) たいしん [tàíshíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠iɕĩɴ]

#### Noun

大(たい)臣(しん) • (taishin)
* (historical) a major retainer
    Antonym: 小臣 (shōshin)
* (historical) Same as だいじん (daijin) above

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| だい Grade: 1 | じん Grade: 4 |
| goon ||
* For pronunciation and definitions of 大臣 – see the following entry: 大尽
(The following entry is uncreated: 大尽.)

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| おとど ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
* For pronunciation and definitions of 大臣 – see the following entry: 大殿
(The following entry is uncreated: 大殿.)

#### Derived terms

* 大臣(おとど)兼(がね) (otodogane)
* 阿(あ)波(わの)大臣(おとど) (Awa no Otodo)
* 一(いち)の大臣(おとど) (ichi no otodo)
* 太政大臣(おおきおとど) (ōki otodo)
* 祖父(おおじ)大臣(おとど) (ōji otodo)
* 節(せち)下(げ)の大臣(おとど) (sechige no otodo)
* 染(そめ)殿(どのの)大臣(おとど) (Somedono no Otodo)
* 父(ちち)大臣(おとど) (chichiotodo)
* 左(ひだりの)大臣(おとど) (hidari no otodo)
* 広(ひろ)幡(はたの)大臣(おとど) (Hirohata no Otodo)
* 本(ほん)院(いんの)大臣(おとど) (Hon'in no Otodo)
* 右(みぎの)大臣(おとど) (migi no otodo)

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| おお Grade: 1 | おみ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
From 大 (ō-, “big, great”) +‎ 臣 (omi, “vassal”).

#### Noun

大(おお)臣(おみ) • (ōomi)
* (politics, historical) a chief consul in the ancient Yamato court, equivalent to and replaced by 左大臣 (sadaijin) and 右大臣 (udaijin) during the Taika Reforms

##### Derived terms

* 内(うちの)大(おお)臣(おみ) (uchi no ōomi)

##### See also

* 大(おお)連(むらじ) (ōmuraji)

### Etymology 6

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| おおいもうちぎみ ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
Compound of 大 (ōi-, prefix of superiority) +‎ 公卿 (mōchigimi, “senior court official”).

#### Noun

大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) • (ōimōchigimi)
* (politics, historical, archaic) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)

##### Derived terms

* 太政大臣(おおきおおいもうちぎみ) (ōki ōimōchigimi)
* 左(ひだりの)大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (hidari no ōimōchigimi)
* 右(みぎの)大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (migi no ōimōchigimi)

### Etymology 7

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 臣 |
| おおまえつぎみ ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
Shift from Old Japanese 大臣 (opomape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$).
Equivalent to 大 (ō-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (maetsugimi, ancient pronunciation of mōchigimi, “senior court official who serves before the Emperor”).

#### Noun

大臣(おおまえつぎみ) • (ōmaetsugimi)
* (politics, historical, archaic) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)

##### Derived terms

* 太政(おおまつりごとの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) (ōmatsurigoto no ōmaetsugimi)
* 内(うちの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) (uchi no ōmaetsugimi)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (mape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$, “senior court official”).

#### Noun

大臣 (opomape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$) (kana おほまへつきみ)
* a court official who serves near the emperor

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

##### Derived terms

* 太政大臣 (opoki$_1$maturigo$_2$to$_2$ no$_1$ opomape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 大臣 (ōmaetsugimi)

### Etymology 2

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (matiki$_1$mi$_1$, “senior court official”).
Alternatively, a shift from opomape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$ above.

#### Noun

大臣 (opomatiki$_1$mi$_1$) (kana おほまちきみ)
* (politics) a chief consul in the ancient Yamato court, equivalent to and replaced by 左大臣 (sadaijin) and 右大臣 (udaijin) during the Taika Reforms

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 大臣 (ōmachigimi), in modern dictionaries

### Etymology 3

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 臣 (omi$_1$, a kabane title).
The final -o of opo- was lost due to haplology.

#### Noun

大臣 (opomi$_1$) (kana おほみ)
* a pre-Taika Reform 姓 (kabane, “hereditary title”) given to a member of a powerful clan, ranked higher than an 臣 (omi$_1$)

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

#### See also

* 大連 (opomurazi)