# 諸

| 諸 | U+8AF8, &#35576; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF8 |
| ← 諷 [U+8AF7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 諹 → [U+8AF9] |
| 諸 | U+FA22, &#64034; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA22 |
| ← 﨡 [U+FA21] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 﨣 → [U+FA23] |
| 諸 | U+FABA, &#64186; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABA |
| ← 調 [U+FAB9] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 請 → [U+FABB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

諸 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口十大日 (YRJKA), four-corner 0466$_0$, composition ⿰訁者)

#### Derived characters

* 儲(储), 𢥃, 㶆(𫞛), 櫧(槠), 𫧬, 䃴(𰧘), 䊰, 𮉘, 蠩, 藷(𫉄), 𣌆, 𠤌, 𣠖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35691
* Dae Jaweon: page 1637, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3982, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8AF8
* Unihan data for U+FA22
* Unihan data for U+FABA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaː, *tja): semantic 言 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

### Etymology

諸 (*ta, "many, all") is considered a dependent (non-adjunctive) pronoun, gradually replacing 多 (*tlai, “many, all”). The two may be cognate, and it may be conceivable that 諸 had branched off from 多 in the sense "all" as the pre-nominal proclitic with the loss of the final *-i in 多.
Probably also cognate with 都 (dū, “all”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhū (zhu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
* Northern Min (KCR): cṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̆
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chir / chu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^1$
*** Yale: jū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir
*** Tâi-lô: tsir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
*** Tâi-lô: tsu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsy
*** MiniDict: tsy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit諸 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/ ～葛 /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/ ～位 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/ /t͡su²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡su⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡su⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡su¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sz̩ʷ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡su³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sz̩³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sz̩³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕy¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕy³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕy³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕy⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡su⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sy⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sy⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sy⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡su⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sy⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sy⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡su³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡si²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsyo, tsyae
Rime :
| Character | 諸 | 諸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 章魚切 | 正奢切 |
| Baxter | tsyo | tsyae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨʌ/ | /t͡ɕia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɔ/ | /t͡ɕia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiɔ/ | /t͡ɕia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cɨə̆/ | /cia/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɔ/ | /t͡ɕia/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭo/ | /t͡ɕĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯wo/ | /t͡ɕi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhū | zhē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^1$ | ze$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ta/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjaː/, /*tja/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 諸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyo › |
| Old Chinese | /*ta/ |
| English | many |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 諸 | 諸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16959 | 17000 |
| Phonetic component | 者 | 者 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遮 | 諸 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjaː/ | /*tja/ |

### Definitions

諸
* many; each; every; all (forming plurals; especially for persons to whom respect is due)
    諸侯／诸侯 ― zhūhóu ― all the feudal lords
    諸位／诸位 ― zhūwèi ― all those present
    諸子百家／诸子百家 ― zhūzǐbǎijiā ― Hundred Schools of Thought
    諸事不宜／诸事不宜 ― zhū shì bù yí ― do not do anything today (used in Chinese almanacs)
* Contraction of 之乎.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Tāng fàng Jié, Wǔwáng fá Zhòu, yǒu zhū? [Pinyin]
    Was it so, that Tang banished Jie, and that King Wu smote Zhou?
* Contraction of 之於 / 之于. it + into/onto/unto/than
    置諸死地／置诸死地 ― zhì zhū sǐ dì ― to kill someone (lit. to put someone into the territory of death)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sentence-final particle
       From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
       rìjīyuèzhū, zhàolín xiàtǔ [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sentence-medial particle
       From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
       fūzǐ zhī qiú zhī yě, qí zhū yì hū rén zhī qiú zhī yǔ [Pinyin]
       The master's mode of asking information! - is it not different from that of other men?
* a surname

### Compounds

* 付諸 / 付诸 (fùzhū)
* 付諸一炬 / 付诸一炬 (fùzhūyījù)
* 付諸不理 / 付诸不理
* 付諸實施 / 付诸实施
* 付諸東流 / 付诸东流 (fùzhūdōngliú)
* 付諸洪喬 / 付诸洪乔
* 付諸流水 / 付诸流水
* 先秦諸子 / 先秦诸子
* 公諸 / 公诸
* 公諸同好 / 公诸同好
* 公諸於世 / 公诸于世 (gōngzhūyúshì)
* 反求諸己 / 反求诸己 (fǎnqiúzhūjǐ)
* 問諸水濱 / 问诸水滨
* 失諸交臂 / 失诸交臂
* 如指諸掌 / 如指诸掌 (rúzhǐzhūzhǎng)
* 如運諸掌 / 如运诸掌
* 居諸 / 居诸
* 急張拘諸 / 急张拘诸
* 日居月諸 / 日居月诸
* 望諸君 / 望诸君
* 百家諸子 / 百家诸子
* 礛諸 / 𰧔诸
* 置諸度外 / 置诸度外
* 藏諸名山 / 藏诸名山
* 袞袞諸公 / 衮衮诸公
* 訴諸 / 诉诸 (sùzhū)
* 諸事 / 诸事 (zhūshì)
* 諸位 / 诸位 (zhūwèi)
* 諸侯 / 诸侯 (zhūhóu)
* 諸侯國 / 诸侯国 (zhūhóuguó)
* 諸公 / 诸公 (zhūgōng)
* 諸凡百事 / 诸凡百事
* 諸凡順遂 / 诸凡顺遂
* 諸務叢脞 / 诸务丛脞
* 諸君 / 诸君 (zhūjūn)
* 諸城 / 诸城 (Zhūchéng)
* 諸城市 / 诸城市
* 諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
* 諸多 / 诸多 (zhūduō)
* 諸如 / 诸如 (zhūrú)
* 諸如此例 / 诸如此例
* 諸如此類 / 诸如此类 (zhūrúcǐlèi)
* 諸子 / 诸子 (zhūzǐ)
* 諸子十家 / 诸子十家
* 諸子略 / 诸子略
* 諸子百家 / 诸子百家 (Zhūzǐ Bǎijiā)
* 諸季 / 诸季
* 諸宮調 / 诸宫调 (zhūgōngdiào)
* 諸將 / 诸将
* 諸廣山 / 诸广山
* 諸暨 / 诸暨 (Zhūjì)
* 諸暨市 / 诸暨市
* 諸柘 / 诸柘 (zhūzhè)
* 諸父 / 诸父
* 諸生 / 诸生
* 諸神 / 诸神
* 諸羅 / 诸罗 (Zhūluó)
* 諸般 / 诸般 (zhūbān)
* 諸色 / 诸色
* 諸葛 / 诸葛 (Zhūgě)
* 諸葛四郎 / 诸葛四郎
* 諸葛巾 / 诸葛巾
* 諸葛燈 / 诸葛灯
* 諸餘 / 诸余
* 譬諸 / 譬诸
* 銛諸 / 铦诸
* 麻薩諸塞 / 麻萨诸塞 (Másàzhūsài)

### References

* “諸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* (Min Nan) “Query for 諸”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 諸 |
| Kyūjitai | 諸 &#xFA22; or 諸+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 諸󠄀 諸+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 諸󠄃 諸+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 諸)
* various
* many
* several
* together

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
* Kun: もろ (moro, 諸)、もろもろ (moromoro, 諸)
* Nanori: つら (tsura)、もり (mori)、もろ (moro)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 諸
* もろ Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 諸 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 諸 – see the following entry. :
| 【もろ】 | [prefix] [from late 800s] 諸, 双, 両: both, double [prefix] [from 720] 諸: many, various, all of [prefix] [from early 1500s] 諸: indicating something done by many people or things together Alternative spellings 双, 両 |
| 【もろモロ】 | [adverb] (informal) Alternative form of もろに (moro ni, “entirely”) Alternative spellings 双, 両 |
(This term, 諸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 諸
* しょ Grade: 6
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 諸 (kyūjitai)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕo̞]

#### Prefix

諸(しょ) • (sho-)
* various, all the
    琉(りゅう)球(きゅう)諸(しょ)言(げん)語(ご)
       Ryūkyū sho-gengo
       Ryukuan languages

### References

* ↑ “諸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

諸 (eumhun 모두 제 (modu je))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

諸 (eumhun 김치 저 (gimchi jeo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

諸: Hán Nôm readings: chư, chơ, chưa, chã, chở, chứa, đã
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.