# 荏

| 荏 | U+834F, &#33615; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-834F |
| ← 荎 [U+834E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 荐 → [U+8350] |

## Translingual
### Han character

荏 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿人竹土 (TOHG), four-corner 4421$_4$, composition ⿱艹任)

#### Derived characters

* 𭉡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30950
* Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3206, character 4
* Unihan data for U+834F

## Chinese

* 荏

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 紝 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 鵀 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 拰 | *nɯmʔ |
| 賃 | *nɯms |
| 任 | *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 壬 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm |
| 恁 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 銋 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 荏 | *njɯmʔ |
| 餁 | *njɯmʔ |
| 栠 | *njɯmʔ |
| 袵 | *njɯmʔ |
| 飪 | *njɯmʔ |
| 妊 | *njɯms |
| 衽 | *njɯms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯmʔ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms).

### Etymology
#### “a kind of big bean”

    Cognate with Burmese ညံ (nyam, “the legume Sesbania cannabina”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### “soft; weak”

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *njam (“soft”). Cognate with Burmese ညံ့ (nyam., “soft”), Mizo nêm (“soft”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Thai นุ่ม (nûm, “soft”).
    Possibly related to 飪 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked”), 腍 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked; delicious”) (Schuessler, 2007).
    Older theories compare the word with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rěn (ren$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^5$ / jam$^6$ / jam$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): īng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lám
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rěn
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^3$
*** Yale: rěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^5$ / jam$^6$ / jam$^3$
*** Yale: yáhm / yahm / yam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^5$ / jam$^6$ / jam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^5$ / yem$^6$ / yem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm¹³/, /jɐm²²/, /jɐm³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: īng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lám
*** Tâi-lô: lám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: larm
*** IPA (Singapore): /lam⁴²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Middle Chinese: nyimX
Rime :
| Character | 荏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如甚切 |
| Baxter | nyimX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵim$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjem$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵim$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rěn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯmʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 荏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rěn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyim$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n[ə]mʔ/ (< *num?) |
| English | a kind of big beans |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 荏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10814 |
| Phonetic component | 壬 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 荏 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯmʔ/ |

### Definitions

荏
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) perilla (Perilla frutescens)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of big bean; big
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soft; weak; yielding
* (Singapore Hokkien) weak; feeble; frail

#### Synonyms

* (perilla): 白蘇／白苏 (báisū)

### Compounds

* 內荏 / 内荏
* 外厲內荏 / 外厉内荏
* 色厲內荏 / 色厉内荏 (sèlìnèirěn)
* 苒荏 (rǎnrěn)
* 荏弱 (rěnruò)
* 荏染
* 荏苒 (rěnrǎn)
* 韶光荏苒
* 風塵荏苒 / 风尘荏苒

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にん (nin)
* Kan-on: じん (jin)
* Kun: え (e)

## Korean
### Hanja

荏 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

荏: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.