# 儺

| 儺 | U+513A, &#20794; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-513A |
| ← 儹 [U+5139] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 儻 → [U+513B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

儺 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+19, 21 strokes, cangjie input 人廿人土 (OTOG), four-corner 2021$_4$, composition ⿰亻難)
* rich

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 121, character 42
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1317
* Dae Jaweon: page 257, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 238, character 16
* Unihan data for U+513A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 儺
* Small seal scripts05699Transcribed ancient scriptsL32393L08510
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 儺 | *naːl |
| 臡 | *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl |
| 嘆 | *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns |
| 灘 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 擹 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 攤 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns |
| 癱 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 歎 | *n̥ʰaːns |
| 難 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns |
| 暵 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 熯 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ |
| 漢 | *hnaːns |
| 戁 | *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *naːl): semantic 亻 + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-n/t (“ill, pain, difficult, evil spirit”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nuó (nuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): no$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nô͘ / lô
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nuó
*** Wade–Giles: no$^2$
*** Yale: nwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuo
*** Palladius: но (no)
*** Sinological IPA : /nu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: no$^4$
*** Yale: nòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: no$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: no$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɔː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nô͘
*** Tâi-lô: nôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: noo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /nɔ̃²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
*** Tâi-lô: lô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: looi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: na
Rime :
| Character | 儺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 諾何切 |
| Baxter | na |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /na/ |
| Li Rong | /nɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /nɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | no$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤar/, /*nˤarʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*naːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 儺 | 儺 | 儺 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nuó | nuó | nuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ na › | ‹ na › | ‹ na$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁar/ | /*nˁar/ | /*nˁarʔ/ |
| English | expel demons | rich, ample, fine, beautiful | rich, beautiful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 儺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4886 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 那 |
| Old Chinese | /*naːl/ |

### Definitions

儺
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to walk gracefully; to move to the measured steps
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qiǎoxiào zhī cuō, pèiyù zhī nuó. [Pinyin]
    How shine the white teeth through the artful smiles! How the girdle gems move to the measured steps!
* Used in 猗儺／猗傩 (“beautiful; graceful”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to expel demons of illness; to exorcise
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Xiāng rén yǐn jiǔ, zhàng zhě chū, sī chū yǐ. Xiāng rén nuó, cháo fú ér lì yú zuò jiē. [Pinyin]
    When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he went out immediately after. When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
* Nuo ceremony

### Compounds

* 儺戲 / 傩戏 (nuóxì)
* 儺神 / 傩神 (nuóshén)
* 儺祓 / 傩祓
* 儺禮 / 傩礼
* 儺禳 / 傩禳
* 儺聲 / 傩声
* 儺舞 / 傩舞
* 儺逐 / 傩逐
* 儺鼓 / 傩鼓
* 和儺 / 和傩
* 大儺 / 大傩
* 猗儺 / 猗傩
* 玉儺 / 玉傩
* 行儺 / 行傩
* 觀儺 / 观傩
* 贈儺 / 赠傩
* 進儺 / 进傩
* 鄉儺 / 乡傩
* 驅儺 / 驱傩

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* exorcism

#### Readings

* Go-on: な (na)
* Kan-on: だ (da)
* Kun: おにやらい (oniyarai, 儺)

#### Compounds

* 追(つい)儺(な) (tsuina), 追儺(なやらい) (nayarai)
* 儺(な)火(び) (nabi)
* 儺(な)豆(まめ) (namame)
* 追(な)儺(やら)ふ (nayarau)
* Kanji in this term
* 儺
* な Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 儺 / 傩 (na).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [na̠]

### Noun

儺(な) • (na)
* driving away the gods of disease
** 1972 [1688], Kaibara Chiken, Nihon saijiki [Japan almanac]‎, page 140:
    かゝ(か)る虚(きょ)誕(たん)の説(せつ)をば、その是(ぜ)非(ひ)をあらそはんも口(くち)おしければやみぬ。されば儺(な)は疫(えき)をおいはらふことなり。
       Kakaru kyotan no setsu o ba, sono zehi o arasowan mo kuchioshikereba yaminu. Sareba na wa eki o oiharau koto nari.
       It would be a pity to try to prove such a false exaggerated theory right or wrong, so I'll stop. So na rituals are to drive out the epidemic.

## Korean
### Hanja

儺 (eum 나 (na))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

儺: Hán Nôm readings: na
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.