# 窯

| 窯 | U+7AAF, &#31407; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AAF |
| ← 窮 [U+7AAE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 窰 → [U+7AB0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

窯 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十金廿土火 (JCTGF), four-corner 3033$_1$, composition ⿱穴羔)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 867, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25594
* Dae Jaweon: page 1296, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2739, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7AAF

## Chinese

* 窯

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 羔 | *kluː |
| 糕 | *kluː |
| 餻 | *kluː |
| 窯 | *luː |
| 溔 | *luːʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yáo (yao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ieu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ièu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yau$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): iau$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ièu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâu / iô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iê$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^2$
*** Yale: yáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^4$
*** Yale: yìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛu³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ièu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ieu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ieu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /iau¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: iau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iau¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ièu
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ieo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâu
*** Tâi-lô: iâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iau¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iô
*** Tâi-lô: iô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /io¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /io²⁴/
* iâu - literary;
* iô - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: yew
Rime :
| Character | 窯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 餘昭切 |
| Baxter | yew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*luː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 窯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3724 |
| Phonetic component | 羔 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遙 |
| Old Chinese | /*luː/ |

### Definitions

窯
* brick kiln; furnace
* -ware (specifically, pottery manufactured in a particular place)
    景德鎮窯／景德镇窑 ― Jǐngdézhèn yáo ― Jingdezhen ware
* coal pit
* cave dwelling (common in the Loess Plateau, Northern China); yaodong
* (colloquial) brothel; whorehouse
* a surname, Yao

#### Synonyms

* (cave dwelling): 窯洞／窑洞 (yáodòng)
* (brothel):
* 個中 / 个中 (gèzhōng) (secret language, obsolete)
* 勾欄 / 勾栏 (gōulán) (archaic)
* 半開門 / 半开门 ($^5$poe-khe-men) (Wu, dated)
* 嚮導社 / 向导社 ($^5$shian-dau-zo) (Wu, dated)
* 妓樓 / 妓楼 (jìlóu) (literary)
* 妓院 (jìyuàn)
* 妓館 / 妓馆 (jìguǎn) (literary)
* 娼寮 (chāngliáo) (dated)
* 娼樓 / 娼楼 (chānglóu) (literary)
* 娼門 / 娼门 (chāngmén)
* 書寓 / 书寓 ($^1$sy-gniu) (Wu, dated)
* 煙花間 / 烟花间 ($^1$i-ho-ke) (Wu, dated)
* 窯子 / 窑子 (yáozi) (colloquial)
* 花柳 (huāliǔ) (literary, figurative)
* 青樓 / 青楼 (qīnglóu) (literary)

### Compounds

* 內窯 / 内窑
* 吉州窯 / 吉州窑
* 哥窯 / 哥窑
* 唐窯 / 唐窑
* 土窯 / 土窑
* 土窯子 / 土窑子
* 地窯 / 地窑
* 均州窯 / 均州窑
* 定窯 / 定窑
* 官窯 / 官窑
* 宣德窯 / 宣德窑
* 宣窯 / 宣窑
* 寒窯 / 寒窑
* 年窯 / 年窑
* 廣窯 / 广窑
* 建窯 / 建窑
* 弟窯 / 弟窑
* 彭窯 / 彭窑
* 御窯 / 御窑
* 成化窯 / 成化窑
* 成窯 / 成窑
* 新定窯 / 新定窑
* 易窯 / 易窑 (Yìyáo)
* 柴窯 / 柴窑
* 民窯 / 民窑
* 永樂窯 / 永乐窑
* 汝窯 / 汝窑 (Rǔyáo)
* 炭窯 / 炭窑 (tànyáo)
* 煤窯 / 煤窑
* 燒窯 / 烧窑
* 瓦窯 / 瓦窑 (wǎyáo)
* 瓷窯 / 瓷窑
* 瓶窯 / 瓶窑
* 石灰窯 / 石灰窑 (Shíhuīyáo)
* 碗窯 / 碗窑
* 磁州窯 / 磁州窑
* 磚窯 / 砖窑 (zhuānyáo)
* 窯人 / 窑人
* 窯務 / 窑务
* 窯口 / 窑口
* 窯台
* 窯器 / 窑器
* 窯坑 / 窑坑
* 窯姐 / 窑姐 (yáojiě)
* 窯姐兒 / 窑姐儿 (yáojiěr)
* 窯子 / 窑子 (yáozi)
* 窯工 / 窑工
* 窯戶 / 窑户
* 窯桶子 / 窑桶子
* 窯業 / 窑业 (yáoyè)
* 窯洞 / 窑洞 (yáodòng)
* 窯淮 / 窑淮 (Yáohuái)
* 窯灣 / 窑湾 (Yáowān)
* 窯灶 / 窑灶
* 窯煙 / 窑烟
* 窯神 / 窑神
* 窯箄 / 窑箄
* 窯花子 / 窑花子
* 窯調 / 窑调
* 窯課 / 窑课
* 窯變 / 窑变
* 窯頭土坯 / 窑头土坯
* 窯黑兒 / 窑黑儿
* 紅山窯 / 红山窑 (Hóngshānyáo)
* 耀州窯 / 耀州窑
* 臧窯 / 臧窑
* 蜀窯 / 蜀窑
* 蝦蟆窯 / 虾蟆窑
* 西窯 / 西窑
* 象窯 / 象窑
* 越窯 / 越窑
* 輪窯 / 轮窑
* 逛窯子 / 逛窑子
* 邢窯 / 邢窑
* 郊壇下窯 / 郊坛下窑
* 郎窯 / 郎窑
* 鈞州窯 / 钧州窑
* 鈞窯 / 钧窑
* 隆慶窯 / 隆庆窑
* 隆窯 / 隆窑
* 電窯 / 电窑
* 章窯 / 章窑
* 龍泉窯 / 龙泉窑
* 龍窯 / 龙窑 (lóngyáo)
* 龍虎窯 / 龙虎窑

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* kiln

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かま (kama, 窯, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 穴窯(あながま) (anagama): anagama kiln
* 石窯(いしがま) (ishigama): masonry oven
* 窯焼(かまや)き (kamayaki): firing in a kiln
* 窯業(ようぎょう) (yōgyō): ceramics industry

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 窯
* かま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 窯 – see the following entry. :
| 【かま】 | [noun] 窯: a kiln, an oven |
(This term, 窯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

窯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) meaning: kiwa kubnun kama
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.