# 沮

| 沮 | U+6CAE, &#27822; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CAE |
| ← 沭 [U+6CAD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 沯 → [U+6CAF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

沮 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水月一 (EBM), four-corner 3711$_0$, composition ⿰氵且)
* stop, prevent
* defeated, dejected

#### Derived characters

* 䈌 菹 𭈡 𪂔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 613, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17238
* Dae Jaweon: page 1006, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1584, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6CAE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沮 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 虘 | *zaːl, *zaː |
| 蔖 | *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ |
| 摣 | *rnaː, *ʔsraː |
| 袓 | *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ |
| 怚 | *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ |
| 罝 | *ʔsjaː |
| 謯 | *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ |
| 姐 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 抯 | *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː |
| 飷 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 且 | *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa |
| 趄 | *sʰjaːs, *sʰa |
| 笡 | *sʰjaːs |
| 查 | *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː |
| 柤 | *ʔsraː |
| 樝 | *ʔsraː |
| 皻 | *ʔsraː |
| 渣 | *ʔsraː |
| 楂 | *zraː |
| 苴 | *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa |
| 駔 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ |
| 租 | *ʔsaː |
| 蒩 | *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 祖 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 組 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 珇 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 靻 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 粗 | *sʰaː, *zaːʔ |
| 徂 | *zaː |
| 殂 | *zaː |
| 麆 | *zaːʔ, *zras |
| 伹 | *zaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 蛆 | *ʔsa, *sʰa |
| 沮 | *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra |
| 咀 | *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ |
| 疽 | *sʰa |
| 雎 | *sʰa |
| 狙 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 岨 | *sʰa |
| 砠 | *sʰa |
| 坥 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 刞 | *sʰas |
| 覰 | *sʰas |
| 覷 | *sʰas |
| 跙 | *zaʔ |
| 筯 | *das |
| 菹 | *ʔsra |
| 葅 | *ʔsra |
| 阻 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 俎 | *ʔsraʔ |
| 詛 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 鉏 | *zra, *zraʔ |
| 豠 | *zra |
| 鋤 | *zra |
| 耡 | *zra, *zras |
| 齟 | *zraʔ |
| 助 | *zras |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǔ (ju$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^2$ / zeoi$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chū / chǐr / chó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^2$ / zu$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^3$
*** Yale: jyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^2$ / zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: jéui / jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^2$ / dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^2$ / zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯³⁵/, /t͡sɵy̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū
*** Tâi-lô: tsū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǐr
*** Tâi-lô: tsǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zor
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^2$ / zu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsú / tsu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su⁵²/, /t͡su³³/
* Middle Chinese: dzjoX, tshjo
Rime :
| Character | 沮 | 沮 |
| Reading # | 4/5 | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 慈吕切 | 七余切 |
| Baxter | dzjoX | tshjo |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨʌ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziɔ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ziɔ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɨə̆$^X$/ | /t͡sʰɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziɔ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭo$^X$/ | /t͡sʰĭo/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯wo$^X$/ | /t͡sʰi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jù | qū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^6$ | ceoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zaʔ/, /*sʰa/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]aʔ/ |
| English | stop, prevent |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沮 | 沮 |
| Reading # | 4/5 | 3/5 |
| No. | 10438 | 10424 |
| Phonetic component | 且 | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 疽 |
| Old Chinese | /*zaʔ/ | /*sʰa/ |

#### Definitions

沮 (obsolete)
* to stop; to prevent
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
    Ruò gǒu shǎng bù dāng xián ér fá bù dāng bào, zé shì wèi xiánzhě bù quàn ér wèi bàozhě bù jǔ yǐ. [Pinyin]
    If the worthy are not faced with reward and the vicious are not faced with punishment, this means that the worthy are not encouraged and the vicious are not stopped.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Kè gào yú jūn, jūn wéi lái jiàn yě. Bìrén yǒu Zāng Cāng zhě jǔ jūn, jūn shìyǐ bù guǒ lái yě. [Pinyin]
    I managed to inform the lord, and the lord was about to come see you. But there was a paramour named Zang Cang who stopped him, and the lord therefore ended up not coming.
* to end; to terminate
* to ruin; to corrupt
* gloomy; glum; disheartened
* to threaten; to intimidate

#### Compounds

* 慚沮 / 惭沮
* 氣沮 / 气沮
* 沮喪 / 沮丧 (jǔsàng)
* 沮壞 / 沮坏
* 沮撓 / 沮挠
* 沮索
* 沮舍
* 沮遏
* 沮駭 / 沮骇

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jū (ju$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^1$ / ceoi$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chu / chir
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^1$ / ceoi$^1$
*** Yale: jēui / chēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^1$ / tsoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^1$ / cêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
*** Tâi-lô: tsu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir
*** Tâi-lô: tsir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsjo, tsrjo, tshjo
Rime :
| Character | 沮 | 沮 | 沮 |
| Reading # | 2/5 | 3/5 | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 莊 (18) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子魚切 | 側魚切 | 七余切 |
| Baxter | tsjo | tsrjo | tshjo |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨʌ/ | /t͡ʃɨʌ/ | /t͡sʰɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɔ/ | /ʈ͡ʂiɔ/ | /t͡sʰiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siɔ/ | /t͡ʃiɔ/ | /t͡sʰiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨə̆/ | /ʈ͡ʂɨə̆/ | /t͡sʰɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɔ/ | /t͡ʃiɔ/ | /t͡sʰiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭo/ | /t͡ʃĭo/ | /t͡sʰĭo/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯wo/ | /ʈ͡ʂi̯wo/ | /t͡sʰi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jū | zhū | qū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^1$ | zo$^1$ | ceoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsa/, /*ʔsra/, /*sʰa/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沮 | 沮 | 沮 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 5/5 | 3/5 |
| No. | 10415 | 10444 | 10424 |
| Phonetic component | 且 | 且 | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 且 | 菹 | 疽 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsa/ | /*ʔsra/ | /*sʰa/ |

#### Definitions

沮
* Used in names of bodies of water.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 沮水
* 沮溺

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jù (ju$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chìr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^4$
*** Yale: jyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^3$
*** Yale: jeui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìr
*** Tâi-lô: tsìr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsjoH
Rime :
| Character | 沮 |
| Reading # | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 將預切 |
| Baxter | tsjoH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsas/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沮 |
| Reading # | 2/5 |
| No. | 10419 |
| Phonetic component | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怚 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsas/ |

#### Definitions

沮
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) moist; damp

#### Compounds

* 汾沮洳
* 沮洳 (jùrù)
* 沮澤 / 沮泽

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiān (jian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chian
*** Tâi-lô: tsian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

沮
* Only used in 涓沮.

### Pronunciation 5

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǔ (zu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔ
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^3$
*** Yale: dzǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuu
*** Palladius: цзу (czu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

沮
* Only used in 沮陽／沮阳.

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02174
* “沮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: そ (so)、ぞ (zo)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan’yō-on: そ (so)
* Kun: はばむ (habamu, 沮む)

## Korean
### Hanja

沮 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沮: Hán Nôm readings: tử, tự
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.