# 輦

| 輦 | U+8F26, &#36646; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F26 |
| ← 輥 [U+8F25] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 輧 → [U+8F27] |
| 輦 | U+F998, &#63896; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F998 |
| ← 聯 [U+F997] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 蓮 → [U+F999] |

## Translingual
### Han character

輦 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 手人十田十 (QOJWJ), four-corner 5550$_6$, composition ⿱㚘車)

#### Derived characters

* 攆, 鄻, 𢤠, 𣞶, 𤁥, 𥌦, 𥗇, 𫌖, 𨇍, 𨘪, 𨯉, 𠣇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1245, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38393
* Dae Jaweon: page 1722, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3536, character 13
* Unihan data for U+8F26
* Unihan data for U+F998

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 輦 | *renʔ |
| 鄻 | *renʔ |
| 攆 | *neːnʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niǎn (nian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lin$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): loeng$^3$ / lyeng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lián
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ling$^2$ / lêng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǎn
*** Wade–Giles: nien$^3$
*** Yale: nyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nean
*** Palladius: нянь (njanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lin$^5$
*** Yale: líhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lin$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lin$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːn¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: loeng$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lê̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /lœŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyøŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lián
*** Tâi-lô: lián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liern
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /liɛn⁴²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /liɛn⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ling$^2$ / lêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: líng / léng
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ⁵²/, /leŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: ljenX
Rime :
| Character | 輦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力展切 |
| Baxter | ljenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lin$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][a][n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*renʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 輦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | niǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r][a][n]ʔ/ |
| English | cart drawn by men |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9484 |
| Phonetic component | 輦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 輦 |
| Old Chinese | /*renʔ/ |

### Definitions

輦
* handcart
* imperial carriage
* to transport by carriage
* (Southern Min, Puxian Min) wheel
* (Puxian Min) to roll over (of wheel, cylinder, etc.)
* (Puxian Min) to rotate in place
* (Puxian Min) to stare; to glare
* (Puxian Min) Classifier for cars.
* (Hokkien) Classifier for one of the wheels of a car.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 輪, 轔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 輪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 軲轆, 輪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 輪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 輪子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 軲輪兒, 軲輪子, 軲轆 suburbs |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 輪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 軲轆, 輪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 軲轆 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 軲轆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 輪子, 滾滾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 滾砣, 滾子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 輪盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 軲轆子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 轆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 轆 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 輪, 輪仔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 輪 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 砣, 輪子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 輪子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 輪仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 輪子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 軲轆子, 軲攏子, 輪子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 輪子, 軲溜子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 輪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 輪輪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 輦, 輪, 輪仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 輦 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 輦 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 輦仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 輦 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 輪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 輪 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 輦 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 輦 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 車輪 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 輪盤, 輪子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Changshu | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Liyang | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Yixing | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Danyang | 輪盤, 輪子 |
| Wu | Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 輪子, 輪盤, 盤子 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Huzhou (Shuanglin) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 輪盤, 輪子 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Zhuji (Wangjiajing) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Chongren) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Taiping) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 輪盤, 擂盤 dated |
| Wu | Yuyao | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 輪盤, 輪 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 輪盤 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 輪盤, 司機 euphemistic |
| Wu | Yongkang | 輪盤 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 輪盤, 滾盤, 車盤, 車輪子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 滾盤, 𱰥盤 |

#### Derived terms

* 推輦歸里 / 推辇归里
* 方輦 / 方辇
* 步輦 / 步辇 (bùniǎn)
* 步輦兒 / 步辇儿
* 玉輦 / 玉辇 (yùniǎn)
* 畿輦 / 畿辇
* 車輦 / 车辇 (chēniǎn)
* 輦下 / 辇下
* 輦夫 / 辇夫
* 輦席 / 辇席
* 輦路 / 辇路
* 輦載 / 辇载
* 輦轂 / 辇毂
* 輦轂下 / 辇毂下 (niǎngǔxià)
* 輦道 / 辇道
* 鳳輦 / 凤辇
* 龍車鳳輦 / 龙车凤辇
* 龍鳳輦 / 龙凤辇

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “辇”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 355.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1900 瞪 (～眼)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 474.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “辇”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 165.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): れん (ren)
* Kun: てぐるま (teguruma)、たごし (tagoshi)

## Korean
### Hanja

輦 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

輦: Hán Nôm readings: lén, lẻn, liễn, rịn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation