# 枸

| 枸 | U+67B8, &#26552; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67B8 |
| ← 枷 [U+67B7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 枹 → [U+67B9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

枸 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木心口 (DPR), four-corner 4792$_0$, composition ⿰木句)

#### Derived characters

* 𣕌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 517, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14588
* Dae Jaweon: page 905, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1186, character 10
* Unihan data for U+67B8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 枸 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 勾 | *koː, *koːs |
| 鉤 | *koː |
| 鴝 | *koː, *ɡo |
| 句 | *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo |
| 夠 | *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː |
| 枸 | *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ |
| 軥 | *koː, *koːs, *ɡo |
| 狗 | *koːʔ |
| 苟 | *koːʔ |
| 岣 | *koːʔ, *ko |
| 笱 | *koːʔ |
| 玽 | *koːʔ |
| 耇 | *koːʔ |
| 豿 | *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ |
| 敂 | *koːʔ |
| 怐 | *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos |
| 雊 | *koːs |
| 竘 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ |
| 齁 | *qʰoː |
| 呴 | *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos |
| 蚼 | *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo |
| 豞 | *qʰoːs |
| 訽 | *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs |
| 佝 | *qʰoːs |
| 拘 | *ko |
| 駒 | *ko |
| 眗 | *ko |
| 跔 | *ko |
| 鮈 | *ko |
| 痀 | *ko |
| 蒟 | *koʔ, *kos |
| 絇 | *kos, *ɡo |
| 邭 | *kos |
| 劬 | *ɡo |
| 朐 | *ɡo |
| 鼩 | *ɡo |
| 斪 | *ɡo |
| 翑 | *ɡo |
| 葋 | *ɡo |
| 姁 | *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 欨 | *qʰo, *qʰoʔ |
| 喣 | *qʰoʔ |
| 煦 | *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 昫 | *qʰos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

### Etymology
#### “bent; crooked”

    Cognate with 句 (OC *koː, “hook”), 鉤 (OC *koː, “to hook”), 曲 (OC *kʰoɡ, “bent”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǒu (gou$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiéu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘ / kió
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒu
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^3$
*** Yale: gǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goou
*** Palladius: гоу (gou)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^2$
*** Yale: gáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kor
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió
*** Tâi-lô: kió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kuwX
Rime :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古厚切 |
| Baxter | kuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ku$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 7071 |
| Phonetic component | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 苟 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

枸
* Only used in 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ) and 枸骨.

#### Compounds

* 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ)
* 枸杞子 (gǒuqǐzǐ)
* 枸杞茶
* 枸棘
* 枸槽子
* 枸骨

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǔ (ju$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiéu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kú / kí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^3$
*** Yale: jyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^2$
*** Yale: géui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kú
*** Tâi-lô: kú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
*** Tâi-lô: kí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: kjuX
Rime :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 俱雨切 |
| Baxter | kjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)oʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k](r)oʔ/ |
| English | (a kind of tree) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 7100 |
| Phonetic component | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 矩 |
| Old Chinese | /*koʔ/ |

#### Definitions

枸
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)Hovenia sp. (probably Hovenia acerba)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Nán shān yǒu jǔ, běi shān yǒu yú. [Pinyin]
    On the hills of the south is the Hovenia; On those of the north is the yú.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 蒟 (jǔ, “betel; Piper betle”)

#### Compounds

* 枳枸
* 枸櫞 / 枸橼 (jǔyuán)
* 枸櫞酸 / 枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)
* 枸那
* 枸醬 / 枸酱 (jǔjiàng)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōu (gou$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘ / kio
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gou
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^1$
*** Yale: gōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gou
*** Palladius: гоу (gou)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^1$
*** Yale: gāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
*** Tâi-lô: koo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kof
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio
*** Tâi-lô: kio
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kio³³/
* Middle Chinese: kuw
Rime :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古侯切 |
| Baxter | kuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kəu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəw/ |
| Li Rong | /ku/ |
| Wang Li | /kəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枸 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 7066 |
| Phonetic component | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鉤 |
| Old Chinese | /*koː/ |

#### Definitions

枸
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) crooked; bent
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Gù gōu mù bì jiāng dài yǐnkuò zhēng jiǎo ránhòu zhí. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) intertwined roots
    From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
    Yǒu jiǔ zhú, xià yǒu jiǔ gōu. [Pinyin]
    There are nine bending branches, and below are nine intertwined roots.

#### Compounds

* 枸桹
* 枸橘
* 枸肆
* 枸肆語 / 枸肆语

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qú (qu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qú
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^2$
*** Yale: chyú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

#### Definitions

枸
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: く (ku)、こう (kō)
* Kun: ひいらぎ (hīragi)、からたち (karatachi)、まがる (magaru)

## Korean
### Hanja

枸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

枸: Hán Nôm readings: cẩu, cù, cử
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation