# 茫

| 茫 | U+832B, &#33579; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-832B |
| ← 茪 [U+832A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 茬 → [U+832C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

茫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿水卜女 (TEYV), four-corner 4411$_0$, composition ⿱艹汒)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1028, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30900
* Dae Jaweon: page 1487, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3210, character 8
* Unihan data for U+832B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːŋ): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 汒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): máng (mang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòng
* Eastern Min (BUC): mòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bông / bâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$maon / $^2$maon / $^2$man
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^2$
*** Yale: máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
*** Palladius: ман (man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$
*** Yale: mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mòng
*** Sinological IPA : /mouŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông / bâng
*** Tâi-lô: bông / bâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boong, baang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴/, /baŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴/, /baŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³/, /baŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/, /baŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/, /baŋ²³/
* bông - literary;
* bâng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: mang
Rime :
| Character | 茫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫郎切 |
| Baxter | mang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /mɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | máng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 茫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12641 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茫 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːŋ/ |
| Notes | 見漢書 |

### Definitions

茫
* vast; boundless; widespread
* indistinct; vague
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 忙 (máng)

### Compounds

* 冥茫
* 前途渺茫
* 微茫 (wēimáng)
* 暮色蒼茫 / 暮色苍茫
* 杳茫
* 浩茫 (hàománg)
* 混茫
* 淼茫 (miǎománg)
* 渺渺茫茫
* 渺茫 (miǎománg)
* 灰茫茫
* 白茫茫 (báimángmáng)
* 茫昧
* 茫洋
* 茫然 (mángrán)
* 茫然不知
* 茫然不解
* 茫然自失 (mángránzìshī)
* 茫然若失 (mángránruòshī)
* 茫然若迷
* 茫然費解 / 茫然费解
* 茫無頭緒 / 茫无头绪
* 茫茫 (mángmáng)
* 荒茫 (huāngmáng)
* 茫茫一片
* 茫茫人海
* 茫茫大海
* 茫茫渺渺
* 茫茫然
* 茫茫苦海
* 茫茫蕩蕩 / 茫茫荡荡
* 蒼茫 / 苍茫 (cāngmáng)
* 迷茫 (mímáng)
* 霧茫茫 / 雾茫茫 (wùmángmáng)
* 黑茫茫

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “茫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* wide, expansive

#### Readings

* Go-on: もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kun: とおい (tōi, 茫い)

## Korean
### Hanja

茫 (eumhun 아득할 망 (adeukhal mang))
* hanja form of 망 (“vast, boundless, widespread”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

茫: Hán Nôm readings: mương, mang
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.