# 香

| 香 | U+9999, &#39321; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999 |
| ← 馘 [U+9998] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 馚 → [U+999A] |
| ⾹ | U+2FB9, &#12217; KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT |
| ← ⾸ [U+2FB8] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾺ → [U+2FBA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

香 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 2060$_9$, composition ⿱禾日)
* Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/香
* 㗍, 𡎟, 𪬏, 㴡, 楿, 𤋭, 𤧘, 𥔜, 䅨, 𧪑, 𧯅, 𧹰, 𧽂, 𮠷, 𪨝, 𮬀, 𪋒
* 𠝲, 𧯄, 䫝, 萫, 𥔡, 𥧎, 𩤹, 㐯, 黁, 𤼍, 麘, 䦭

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 𛀠 (hentaigana)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
* Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9999

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 香 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 香 | *qʰaŋ |
| 萫 | *qʰaŋs |
In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”). The whole character perhaps indicate that millet was used to produce liquor from fermentation which could be drank and/or sacrificed.
In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”). Hence, the most conservative variant is 𪏽.
Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾 and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiāng (xiang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xiǎng
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xiàn
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoeng$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): hoeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiang$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xiong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hiông
    (Hailu, HRS): hiong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xion$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hióng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieo$^1$ / hiuⁿ$^1$ / hyong$^1$ / hyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiuⁿ / hioⁿ / hiauⁿ / hiong / hiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiên$^1$ / hion$^1$ / hiang$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hio$^1$ / hiang$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hiang$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$shian
** (Jinhua): $^1$shiaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xian$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siang
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^1$
*** Yale: syāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: xiǎng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiaŋ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: xiàn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiã³¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoeng$^1$
*** Yale: hēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: hoeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /høŋ²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiaŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hioŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xion$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hióng
*** Sinological IPA : /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /hyoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hieo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hieu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hiuⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩũ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyøŋ⁵³³/
* hieo1/hiuⁿ1 - vernacular;
* hyong1/hyeng1 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit香 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiɑŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕiaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɑ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕiaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiɑ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiã⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕiã⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiɑŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕi³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕia³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕiau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕian³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sian³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hioŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hioŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hœŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /hiũ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hyoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hiaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hiaŋ²³/ /hio²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: xjang
Rime :
| Character | 香 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許良切 |
| Baxter | xjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 香 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaŋ/ |
| English | fragrance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 香 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13591 |
| Phonetic component | 香 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 香 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

香
* fragrant; fragrance
    Antonym: 臭
* (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
* (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
* (Internet slang) wonderful; enjoyable (in general)
* popular
* perfume
* (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 支 m c mn; 炷 m c; 根 m; 叢／丛 mn; 束 m; 紮／扎 c)
* (figurative) woman
* (chiefly Wu) to kiss
* (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die
    From: 1988, Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack (TVB's Cantonese dubbed version)
    bai$^6$ laa$^3$! gaam$^1$ si$^6$ hei$^3$ hoeng$^1$ zo$^2$, dim$^2$ wui$^5$ gam$^2$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping]
    Damn! The monitor is dead! How come?
* (historical) shorthand for Hong Kong during Japanese Occupation between 1941 and 1945
** 香督 [Cantonese] ― hoeng$^1$ duk$^1$ [Jyutping] ― Governor of Hong Kong

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 香, 芳, 馨, 馥 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 香 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 香 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 香 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 香 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 香 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 香 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 香 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 香 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 香 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 香 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 香 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 香 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 香 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 香 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 香 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 香 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 香 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 香 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 香 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 香 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 香 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 香 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 香 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 香 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 香 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 香 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 香 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 香 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 香 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 香 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 香 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 香 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 香 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 香 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 香 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 香 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 香 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 香 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 香 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 香 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 香 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 香 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 香 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 香 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 香 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 香 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 香 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 香 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 香 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 香 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 香 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 香 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 香 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 香 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 香 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 香 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 香 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 香 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 香 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 香 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 香 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 香 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 香 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 香 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 香 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 香 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 香 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 香 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 香 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 香 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 香 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 香 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 香 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 香 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 香 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 香 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 香 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 香 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 香 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 香 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 芳 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 芳 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 芳 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 香 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 香 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 香 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 香 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 香 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Danyang | 香 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 香 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 香 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 香 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 香 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吻, 親, 親吻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 吻, 親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 吻, 親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 吻, 親 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 惜, 啜, 痛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 惜, 啜, 嘴 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 啜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 啜 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 惜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唚 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 親 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 鼻 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 敕 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 鼻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 惜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香, 親 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 香 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 香 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 親 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 死, 亡, 歿, 卒 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 死, 撂, 撂條, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 死, 過世 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 § |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 歿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 死, 過世 †, 不在 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 死 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 § |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 死, 不在 †, 老 † |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot, 唔食廣東米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 過身, 去 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 去歸, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 死, 善, 去 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 死, 登仙 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 § |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡ |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 死, 過身 † |
| Gan | Nanchang | 死, 過世 †, 老 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 死 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡ |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 過身, 香 † |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 過身, 死 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 死, 過身 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 死 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 死, 過身 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 † |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 † |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 † |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 消 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 死, 過身 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 † |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 過身, 老 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡ |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 § |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 死, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 死去, 老 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 † |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 去蘇州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去蘇州賣鴨卵 † |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 † |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 † |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 † |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 死, 過身 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 § |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 § |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 死 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 死 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 § |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤ |
| Wu | Suzhou | 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 § |
| Wu | Danyang | 死 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 † |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤ |
| Wu | Jinhua | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Xiang | Changsha | 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 † |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 死, 過世 †, 故 † |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 死 |
| Note | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful |

#### Compounds

* 七香
* 丁香 (dīngxiāng)
* 上沉香
* 上香 (shàngxiāng)
* 乳香 (rǔxiāng)
* 五香 (wǔxiāng)
* 仇香
* 信香
* 偷香
* 凝香
* 刈香
* 印香
* 口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
* 吃香 (chīxiāng)
* 噴香 / 喷香 (pènxiāng)
* 嚇殺人香 / 吓杀人香 (xiàshārénxiāng)
* 國香 / 国香
* 土木香
* 土香 (tǔxiāng)
* 埋香
* 大茴香 (dàhuíxiāng)
* 天香 (tiānxiāng)
* 安香
* 尋香 / 寻香
* 小茴香 (xiǎohuíxiāng)
* 幽香 (yōuxiāng)
* 心香
* 悶香 / 闷香
* 憐香 / 怜香
* 憐香惜玉 / 怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
* 拈香
* 抹香 (mǒxiāng)
* 提香
* 斗香
* 暗香 (ànxiāng)
* 書香 / 书香 (shūxiāng)
* 木香 (mùxiāng)
* 松香 (sōngxiāng)
* 梅香
* 楓香 / 枫香
* 檀香 (tánxiāng)
* 沉香 (chénxiāng)
* 油香
* 清香 (qīngxiāng)
* 炷香 (zhùxiāng)
* 焚香 (fénxiāng)
* 熏香
* 燒香 / 烧香 (shāoxiāng)
* 瑞香
* 瓣香
* 異香 / 异香
* 盤香 / 盘香
* 稻香
* 篆香
* 純香 / 纯香
* 線香 / 线香 (xiànxiāng)
* 聽香 / 听香
* 膩香 / 腻香
* 臂香
* 芸香 (yúnxiāng)
* 花香 (huāxiāng)
* 芳香 (fāngxiāng)
* 茴香 (huíxiāng)
* 藏香
* 蘇合香 / 苏合香 (sūhéxiāng)
* 藿香 (huòxiāng)
* 蘭香 / 兰香
* 蘹香 (huáixiāng)
* 蚊香 (wénxiāng)
* 蜜香
* 行香 (xíngxiāng)
* 親香 / 亲香
* 迦南香
* 進香 / 进香 (jìnxiāng)
* 酒香
* 阿香
* 降香 (jiàngxiāng)
* 雞舌香 / 鸡舌香
* 頭香 / 头香
* 香串
* 香丸
* 香乾 / 香干 (xiānggān)
* 香亭
* 香公
* 香冢
* 香冮
* 香分
* 香包 (xiāngbāo)
* 香匠
* 香印
* 香口 (Xiāngkǒu)
* 香味 (xiāngwèi)
* 香噴噴 / 香喷喷 (xiāngpēnpēn)
* 香囊 (xiāngnáng)
* 香城 (Xiāngchéng)
* 香奩 / 香奁
* 香妃
* 香客 (xiāngkè)
* 香山 (Xiāngshān)
* 香巢
* 香市
* 香帛
* 香房
* 香扇
* 香斗
* 香料 (xiāngliào)
* 香會 / 香会 (xiānghuì)
* 香染
* 香案 (xiāng'àn)
* 香格里拉 (Xiānggélǐlā)
* 香梨 (xiānglí)
* 香椿 (xiāngchūn)
* 香樟
* 香橙 (xiāngchéng)
* 香檳 / 香槟 (xiāngbīn)
* 香檳酒 / 香槟酒 (xiāngbīnjiǔ)
* 香櫞 / 香橼 (xiāngyuán)
* 香毬 / 香球
* 香氣 / 香气 (xiāngqì)
* 香水 (xiāngshuǐ)
* 香汗
* 香油 (xiāngyóu)
* 香波 (xiāngbō)
* 香消玉沉
* 香湯 / 香汤
* 香港 (Xiānggǎng)
* 香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
* 香澤 / 香泽
* 香火 (xiānghuǒ)
* 香灰 (xiānghuī)
* 香煙 / 香烟 (xiāngyān)
* 香燈 / 香灯
* 香燭 / 香烛 (xiāngzhú)
* 香爐 / 香炉 (xiānglú)
* 香片 (xiāngpiàn)
* 香瓜 (xiāngguā)
* 香甜 (xiāngtián)
* 香界
* 香皂 (xiāngzào)
* 香稻
* 香筒
* 香筵
* 香篆
* 香粉 (xiāngfěn)
* 香精 (xiāngjīng)
* 香純 / 香纯 (xiāngchún)
* 香紙 / 香纸
* 香纓 / 香缨 (xiāngyīng)
* 香肉 (xiāngròu)
* 香脆
* 香腮
* 香腸 / 香肠 (xiāngcháng)
* 香色 (xiāngsè)
* 香艷 / 香艳 (xiāngyàn)
* 香花 (xiānghuā)
* 香茅 (xiāngmáo)
* 香茹 (xiāngrú)
* 香茶
* 香草 (xiāngcǎo)
* 香菇 (xiānggū)
* 香菜 (xiāngcài)
* 香菌
* 香菸 / 香烟 (xiāngyān)
* 香蒲
* 香蓼
* 香蕈 (xiāngxùn)
* 香蕉 (xiāngjiāo)
* 香薷 (xiāngrú)
* 香蘑 (xiāngmó)
* 香袋 (xiāngdài)
* 香豔 / 香艳 (xiāngyàn)
* 香貍 / 香狸 (xiānglí)
* 香車 / 香车 (xiāngchē)
* 香道
* 香酥 (xiāngsū)
* 香醇 (xiāngchún)
* 香鋪 / 香铺
* 香錢 / 香钱
* 香閨 / 香闺
* 香附 (xiāngfù)
* 香頌 / 香颂 (xiāngsòng)
* 香頭 / 香头
* 香願 / 香愿
* 香餅 / 香饼 (xiāngbǐng)
* 香餌 / 香饵
* 香餑餑兒 / 香饽饽儿
* 香魚 / 香鱼 (xiāngyú)
* 香麝
* 香麞 / 香獐
* 馨香 (xīnxiāng)
* 高香
* 鳥語花香 / 鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
* 麝香 (shèxiāng)
* 麝香片
* 黃香 / 黄香
* 點香 / 点香 (diǎnxiāng)
* 龍涎香 / 龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)
* 龍香 / 龙香

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: hương (香)
Others:
* → Indonesian: hio (“joss stick, incense”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pang$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pang$^1$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phang
*** Tâi-lô: phang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phang
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ³³/

#### Definitions

香
* (Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) Alternative form of 芳 (“fragrant”)

### References

* “香”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: か (ka, 香, Jōyō)、かおり (kaori, 香り, Jōyō)、かおる (kaoru, 香る, Jōyō)、かざ (kaza, 香)

#### Compounds

* 香(きょう)車(しゃ) (kyōsha)
* 香(こう)気(き) (kōki)
* 香(こう)具(ぐ)師(し) (kōgushi), 香具師(やし) (yashi)
* 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju)
* 香(こう)水(すい) (kōsui)
* 香(こう)草(そう) (kōsō)
* 香(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
* 香(こう)箱(ばこ) (kōbako)
* 香(こう)木(ぼく) (kōboku)
* 香(こう)料(りょう) (kōryō)
* 香(こう)炉(ろ) (kōro)
* 茴(うい)香(きょう) (uikyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 香
* か Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) か [kà] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠]

#### Noun

香(か) • (ka)
* a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

##### Derived terms

* 香(かお)る (kaoru)
* 香(かお)り (kaori)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 香
* きょう Grade: 4
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 香 (MC xjang).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょー [kyòó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

香(きょう) • (kyō)
* Clipping of 香車 (kyōsha, “incense chariot”).

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 香
* こう Grade: 4
* goon
From Middle Chinese 香 (MC xjang). The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing. Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ː]

#### Noun

香(こう) • (kō)
* incense
    Synonym: 御香 (okō)

### References

* ↑ “香”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ça̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [향]

### Hanja

Wikisource 香 (eum 향 (hyang))
* hanja form of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”)

#### Compounds

* 방향족 (芳香族, banghyangjok)
* 사향 (麝香, sahyang)
* 향기 (香氣, hyanggi)
* 향로 (香爐, hyangno)
* 향수 (香水, hyangsu)
* 향항 (香港, Hyanghang)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))
香: Nôm readings: nhang, hương, hang, nhàng
* chữ Hán form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
* chữ Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).
* chữ Hán form of Hương (“a female given name”).
    胡春香 ― Hồ Xuân Hương

#### Compounds

* 丁香 (đinh hương)
* 五味香 (ngũ vị hương)
* 國色天香 (quốc sắc thiên hương)
* 小茴香 (tiểu hồi hương)
* 沉香 (trầm hương)
* 香味 (hương vị)
* 香料 (hương liệu)
* 香港 (Hương Cảng)
* 麝香 (xạ hương)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).