# 契

| 契 | U+5951, &#22865; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5951 |
| ← 奐 [U+5950] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 奒 → [U+5952] |
| 契 | U+F909, &#63753; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F909 |
| ← 龜 [U+F908] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 金 → [U+F90A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

契 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 5743$_2$, composition ⿱㓞大(GHTKV) or ⿱𭃌大(J))

#### Derived characters

* 偰, 喫, 𭛸, 𢝛, 揳, 𣸲, 猰, 楔, 𤋸, 𤧃, 𦝜, 碶, 禊, 稧, 褉, 𦩣, 𧩶, 䝟, 𧼪, 𨂰, 鍥(锲), 𩴅, 䱮
* 㓶, 𨜒, 䚉(𬢐), 𨜣, 䫔, 𪃈, 㝣, 葜, 𪰳, 窫, 𩮁, 𤟐, 瘈, 䦬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5917
* Dae Jaweon: page 513, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 536, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5951
* Unihan data for U+F909

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 契 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 夆 | *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds |
| 丯 | *kreːds |
| 瘛 | *kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed |
| 觢 | *ɡjeds |
| 契 | *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd |
| 栔 | *kʰeːds |
| 禊 | *ɡeːds |
| 稧 | *ɡeːds |
| 楔 | *kreːd, *sqʰeːd |
| 葜 | *kʰreːd |
| 猰 | *qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd |
| 窫 | *qreːd |
| 揳 | *sqʰeːd |
| 偰 | *sqʰeːd |
| 潔 | *keːd |
| 絜 | *keːd, *ɡeːd |
| 鍥 | *keːd, *kʰeːd |
| 挈 | *kʰeːd |
| 蛪 | *kʰeːd |
| 齧 | *ŋeːd |
| 褉 | *qʰeːd |
| 喫 | *ŋ̊ʰeːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): phonetic 㓞 (qià, “to engrave”) + semantic 大 (“person”), hence a person making an agreement and/or carving something with a knife.
Perhaps a variant of 栔 or viceversa, given that the two characters were used interchangeably in ancient text.

### Etymology 1

Exopassive of 鍥 (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kai$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khie
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kê$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ke$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khòe / khè / khère
    (Teochew, Peng'im): koi$^3$ / ki$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kai$^3$
*** Yale: kai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐi̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie
*** Hakka Romanization System: kie
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯e⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kê$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰe⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ke$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰe⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòe
*** Tâi-lô: khuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoex
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue²¹/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /kʰue¹²/
*** IPA (Lukang): /kʰue³¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰue¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khè
*** Tâi-lô: khè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qex
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰe²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khère
*** Tâi-lô: kherè
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** khòe - vernacular;
** khè - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khejH
Rime :
| Character | 契 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 苦計切 |
| Baxter | khejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤet-s/, /*kʰˤet/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 契 | 契 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qì | qiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khej$^H$ › | ‹ khet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]ˁet-s/ | /*kʰˁet/ |
| English | script notches | cut |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 契 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| No. | 6493 |
| Phonetic component | 丯 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 契 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰeːds/ |

#### Definitions

契
* contract; deed
* to agree; to conform with; to tally with
* (literary) to carve; to engrave
* (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
* (Cantonese, Southern Min) adopted; adoptive; foster; sworn; nominal
    契細佬／契细佬 [Cantonese] ― kai$^3$ sai$^3$ lou$^2$ [Jyutping] ― blood brother; sworn younger brother
* (Cantonese) to form a nominal kinship with; to adopt
** 1952, 唐龍, directed by 潘炳權, 契爺艷史 [Foster-Daddy's Romantic Affairs]‎, spoken by 阿紅 (紅線女 [Hung Sin Nui]):
       hon$^4$ suk$^1$ soeng$^2$ kai$^3$ ngo$^5$ zan$^1$ hai$^6$ kau$^4$ zi$^1$ bat$^1$ dak$^1$ ne$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Uncle Hon wants to adopt me as a goddaughter; this is all I can wish for.

#### Compounds

* 上契
* 丹書鐵契 / 丹书铁契
* 主契約 / 主契约
* 亞米契斯 / 亚米契斯
* 交契
* 佃契
* 借契
* 冥契
* 勞動契約 / 劳动契约
* 參同契 / 参同契
* 合契若神
* 同窗契友
* 單務契約 / 单务契约
* 團契 / 团契 (tuánqì)
* 地契 (dìqì)
* 壓契 / 压契
* 契刀
* 契分
* 契券 (qìquàn)
* 契勘
* 契友
* 契合 (qìhé)
* 契合金蘭 / 契合金兰
* 契哥 (qìgē)
* 契契
* 契姐
* 契妹
* 契媽 / 契妈
* 契尾
* 契弟 (qìdì)
* 契據 / 契据 (qìjù)
* 契文
* 契文舉例 / 契文举例
* 契機 / 契机 (qìjī)
* 契父 (qìfù)
* 契爸
* 契爺 / 契爷
* 契稅 / 契税
* 契箭
* 契約 / 契约 (qìyuē)
* 契約書 / 契约书 (qìyuēshū)
* 契約說 / 契约说
* 契約農業 / 契约农业
* 契若金蘭 / 契若金兰
* 契重 (qìzhòng)
* 契需
* 姻契
* 官契
* 宓契爾 / 宓契尔
* 工作契約 / 工作契约
* 左契
* 心契
* 忘年之契
* 忘形之契
* 房契 (fángqì)
* 投契 (tóuqì)
* 承攬契約 / 承揽契约
* 文契
* 書契 / 书契 (shūqì)
* 有償契約 / 有偿契约
* 有名契約 / 有名契约
* 欠契
* 死契
* 殷墟書契
* 殷契
* 水乳之契
* 活契
* 無償契約 / 无偿契约
* 田契 (tiánqì)
* 白契 (báiqì)
* 相契
* 知契
* 磚契 / 砖契
* 社會契約 / 社会契约 (shèhuì qìyuē)
* 神會心契 / 神会心契
* 租契 (zūqì)
* 租賃契約 / 租赁契约
* 稅契 / 税契
* 立契 (lìqì)
* 符契
* 紅契 / 红契 (hóngqì)
* 絕契 / 绝契
* 結契 / 结契
* 老契
* 至交契友
* 莫逆之契
* 虛錢實契 / 虚钱实契
* 衿契
* 賣契 / 卖契
* 賢契 / 贤契
* 賣身契 / 卖身契 (màishēnqì)
* 道契
* 隨意契約 / 随意契约
* 雙務契約 / 双务契约
* 驗契 / 验契
* 默契 (mòqì)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kit$^3$ / sit$^3$ / hat$^1$ / kai$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khit
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kit$^3$ / sit$^3$ / hat$^1$ / kai$^2$
*** Yale: kit / sit / hāt / kái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kit$^8$ / sit$^8$ / hat$^7$ / kai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kid$^3$ / xid$^3$ / hed$^1$ / kei$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːt̚³/, /siːt̚³/, /hɐt̚⁵/, /kʰɐi̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khit
*** Tâi-lô: khit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qid
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰit̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khj+t
Rime :
| Character | 契 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 迄 (58) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去迄切 |
| Baxter | khj+t |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɨt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯ət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 契 |
| Reading # | 4/4 |
| No. | 6519 |
| Phonetic component | 丯 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯd/ |

#### Definitions

契
* Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiè (xie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sit$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siêg$^4$ / siag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siè
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^4$
*** Yale: syè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sit$^3$
*** Yale: sit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːt̚³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siat
*** Tâi-lô: siat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛt̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siêg$^4$ / siag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siek / siak
*** Sinological IPA : /siek̚²/, /siak̚²/

#### Definitions

契
* Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiè (qie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kit$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiêg$^4$ / kiag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻieh$^4$
*** Yale: chyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
*** Palladius: це (ce)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kit$^3$
*** Yale: kit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiat
*** Tâi-lô: khiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛt̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiêg$^4$ / kiag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiek / khiak
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiek̚²/, /kʰiak̚²/
* Middle Chinese: khet
Rime :
| Character | 契 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 苦結切 |
| Baxter | khet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰet̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɛt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰet̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiet̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiet̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤet/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 契 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khet › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁet/ |
| English | 契闊 hard-working (Ode 31.4) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 契 | 契 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 |
| No. | 6511 | 6514 |
| Phonetic component | 丯 | 丯 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 猰 | 猰 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰeːd/ | /*kʰeːd/ |

#### Definitions

契
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 契闊／契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 挈 (“to take; to carry”)

#### Compounds

* 契闊 / 契阔
* 契闊談讌 / 契阔谈宴
* 死生契闊 / 死生契阔

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00864
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “契”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 262.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 契 |
| Kyūjitai | 契 &#xF909; or 契+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 契󠄁 契+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 契󠄅 契+&#xE0105; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| Kyūjitai | 契󠄂 契+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 契󠄄 契+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* pledge (allegiance)
* commit oneself
* promise (loyalty)

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH); compare Mandarin 契 (qì):
* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet); compare Mandarin 契 (qiè):
* Go-on: けち (kechi)
* Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set); compare Mandarin 契 (xiè):
* Go-on: せち (sechi)
* Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: ちぎる (chigiru, 契る, Jōyō)、あう (au, 契う)、ちぎり (chigiri, 契り)、きざむ (kizamu, 契む)、わりふ (warifu, 契)
* Nanori: ちぎり (chigiri)、ちぎる (chigiru)、ひさ (hisa)

#### Compounds

* 契丹(きたい) (Kitai)
* 契(きっ)丹(たん) (Kittan)
* 契(けい)印(いん) (keīn)
* 契(けい)闊(かつ) (keikatsu)
* 契(けい)機(き) (keiki)
* 契(けい)契(けい) (keikei)
* 契(けい)券(けん) (keiken)
* 契(けい)合(ごう) (keigō)
* 契(けい)情(せい) (keisei)
* 契(けい)刀(とう) (keitō)
* 契(けい)文(ぶん) (keibun)
* 契(けい)約(やく) (keiyaku): contract, agreement
* 契(けっ)闊(かつ) (kekkatsu)
* 契(けつ)契(けつ) (ketsuketsu)
* 印(いん)契(げい) (ingei)
* 交(こう)契(けい) (kōkei)
* 心(しん)契(けい) (shinkei)
* 符(ふ)契(けい) (fukei)
* 黙(もっ)契(けい) (mokkei)

### Proper noun

契(ひさし) • (Hisashi)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ “契”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 콍〮 (Yale: khyéy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)/게(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 契 (eumhun 맺을 계 (maejeul gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“contract, bond; deed; engrave”)
* hanja form of 계 (“a Korean rotating savings and credit association”)

#### Compounds

* 계기 (契機, gyegi, “opportunity”)
* 계약 (契約, gyeyak, “contract”)
* 계약서 (契約書, gyeyakseo)
* 계원 (契員, gyewon)
* 계주 (契主, gyeju)
* 계회 (契會, gyehoe)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 켜ᇙ〮 (Yale: khyélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean 결 (Yale: kyel) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kjʌ̹ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [결]

#### Hanja

契 (eumhun 애쓸 결 (aesseul gyeol))
* (literary) hanja form of 결 (“to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”)

#### Compounds

* 결결 (契契, gyeolgyeol)
* 결활 (契闊, gyeolhwal, “to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”)

### Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khj+t).
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean 글 (Yale: kul) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

#### Hanja

契 (eumhun 부족 이름 글 (bujok ireum geul))
* (historical) hanja form of 글 (“a tribe name”)

#### Compounds

* 글단 → 글안 → 거란 (契丹, Geuldan → Geuran → Georan, “the Khitans”)
* 글안장 → 거란장 (契丹▽場, geuranjang → georanjang)

### Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇙ〮 (Yale: syélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean 셜 (Yale: syel) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

#### Hanja

契 (eumhun 사람 이름 설 (saram ireum seol))
* hanja form of 설 (“used in personal names”)
* (historical) hanja form of 설 (“Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

契: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.