# 輸

| 輸 | U+8F38, &#36664; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F38 |
| ← 輷 [U+8F37] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 輹 → [U+8F39] |
| 輸 | U+FAC2, &#64194; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAC2 |
| ← 贈 [U+FAC1] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 遲 → [U+FAC3] |
| 輸 | U+2F9DF, &#195039; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DF |
| ← 軔 [U+2F9DE] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 𨗒 → [U+2F9E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

輸 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一弓 (JJOMN), four-corner 5802$_1$, composition ⿰車俞(GHTJV or U+FAC2) or ⿰車兪(K or U+2F9DF))

#### Derived characters

* 𭌋, 瀭, 𪿐

#### Related characters

* 输 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1246, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38438
* Dae Jaweon: page 1723, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3546, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8F38
* Unihan data for U+FAC2
* Unihan data for U+2F9DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 褕 | *low, *lo |
| 偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
| 鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
| 牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
| 揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
| 窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
| 歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
| 俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
| 隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
| 毹 | *sro |
| 輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
| 鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
| 腧 | *hljos |
| 逾 | *lo |
| 榆 | *lo |
| 愉 | *lo |
| 渝 | *lo |
| 瑜 | *lo |
| 蕍 | *lo |
| 覦 | *lo, *los |
| 蝓 | *lo |
| 踰 | *lo |
| 崳 | *lo |
| 羭 | *lo |
| 堬 | *lo |
| 瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
| 萮 | *lo |
| 騟 | *lo |
| 愈 | *loʔ |
| 貐 | *loʔ |
| 喻 | *los |
| 諭 | *los |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljo, *hljos): semantic 車 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shū (shu$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sû
    (Hailu, HRS): shu$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆ / suŏ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sou$^1$ / sy$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): su
    (Teochew, Peng'im): su$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shū
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shu
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^1$
*** Yale: shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /fou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^1$
*** Yale: syū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /su²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃu⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆ / suŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /sy⁵⁵/, /suo⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔu⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy⁵³³/
* sou1 - vernacular;
* sy1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: syu
Rime :
| Character | 輸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式朱切 |
| Baxter | syu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕio/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥o/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljo/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 輸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syu › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥o/ |
| English | convey (v.); lose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15847 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 輸 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljo/ |

#### Definitions

輸
* to transport; to carry; to haul
    運輸／运输 ― yùn shū ― to transport
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Jìn jī, qín shū zhī sù; qín jī, jìn bì zhī dí, gù qín bó fá jìn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to lose; to be beaten; to be defeated
    Synonym: 敗 / 败 (bài)
    Antonym: 贏 / 赢 (yíng)
    輸給一個小孩／输给一个小孩 ― shū gěi yīge xiǎohái ― to lose to a child
    輸畀個細路／输畀个细路 [Cantonese] ― syu$^1$ bei$^2$ go$^3$ sai$^3$ lou$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to lose to a child
    From: 1915: 李大釗 (Li Dazhao) 《警告全國父老書》 (A Letter of Warning to All the Elders of the Country)
    Zhì zhě jié qí zhì, yǒng zhě fèn qí yǒng, fù zhě shū qí cái, jǔ guó yīzhì, zhòngzhìchéngchéng. [Pinyin]
    The wise exhaust their wisdom; the brave consume their bravery; the wealthy lose their wealth; [when] the entire country shares a common goal, the will of the masses forge a stronghold.
* (literary) to donate; to contribute
    輸誠／输诚 ― shū chéng ― to contribute/express sincerity
    輸財助邊／输财助边 ― shū cái zhù biān ― to donate money for border defence
    From: Taiping Yulan (Readings of the Taiping Era), 977 – 983 CE
    Dàjiā niúchē, xiǎojiā dānfù, shū zū qiǎng shǔ bùjué, kè gèng yǐ zuìshàng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 《清稗類鈔·度支類·捐輸始於開國》 (Anthology of Petty Qing Matters)
    Shìláng Sòngdéyí zòu chēng juān shū sān zǎi, suǒ rù èrbǎi yú wàn, zhīxiàn zuìduō, jì wǔbǎi yú rén. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 不服輸 / 不服输
* 不見輸贏 / 不见输赢
* 不輸 / 不输
* 伏輸 / 伏输 (fúshū)
* 傳輸 / 传输 (chuánshū)
* 全血輸血 / 全血输血
* 公路運輸 / 公路运输
* 公輸 / 公输
* 公輸子 / 公输子
* 公輸般 / 公输般
* 利益輸送 / 利益输送
* 十賭九輸 / 十赌九输 (shídǔjiǔshū)
* 反輸一帖 / 反输一帖
* 同步傳輸 / 同步传输
* 問輸 / 问输
* 均輸 / 均输
* 大敗虧輸 / 大败亏输
* 大眾運輸 / 大众运输
* 平行輸入 / 平行输入
* 手寫輸入 / 手写输入
* 打輸 / 打输
* 捐輸 / 捐输
* 整廠輸出 / 整厂输出
* 𣍐輸 / 𫧃输 (bē-su)
* 服輸 / 服输 (fúshū)
* 樂輸 / 乐输
* 灌輸 / 灌输 (guànshū)
* 自體輸血 / 自体输血
* 虧輸 / 亏输
* 袂輸 / 袂输 (bē-su)
* 詐敗佯輸 / 诈败佯输
* 認輸 / 认输 (rènshū)
* 資料傳輸 / 资料传输
* 輸不起 / 输不起 (shūbùqǐ)
* 輸入 / 输入 (shūrù)
* 輸入法 / 输入法 (shūrùfǎ)
* 輸出 / 输出 (shūchū)
* 輸卵管 / 输卵管 (shūluǎnguǎn)
* 輸家 / 输家 (shūjiā)
* 輸實 / 输实
* 輸寫 / 输写
* 輸將 / 输将
* 輸尿管 / 输尿管 (shūniàoguǎn)
* 輸征
* 輸心 / 输心
* 輸捐 / 输捐
* 輸服甘結 / 输服甘结
* 輸氧 / 输氧 (shūyǎng)
* 輸油管 / 输油管
* 輸液 / 输液 (shūyè)
* 輸理 / 输理 (shūlǐ)
* 輸精管 / 输精管 (shūjīngguǎn)
* 輸糧 / 输粮
* 輸肝剖膽 / 输肝剖胆
* 輸肝瀝膽 / 输肝沥胆
* 輸血 / 输血 (shūxuè)
* 輸誠 / 输诚 (shūchéng)
* 輸財助邊 / 输财助边
* 輸贏 / 输赢 (shūyíng)
* 輸身 / 输身
* 輸送 / 输送 (shūsòng)
* 輸送帶 / 输送带 (shūsòngdài)
* 輸錢 / 输钱
* 輸電 / 输电 (shūdiàn)
* 運輸 / 运输 (yùnshū)
* 運輸工具 / 运输工具
* 運輸成本 / 运输成本
* 運輸業 / 运输业 (yùnshūyè)
* 運輸機 / 运输机 (yùnshūjī)
* 運輸費 / 运输费

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: thua (“to lose”)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shù (shu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^3$
*** Yale: syu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː³³/
* Middle Chinese: syuH
Rime :
| Character | 輸 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 傷遇切 |
| Baxter | syuH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕio$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕio$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕuə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕio$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljos/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輸 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15851 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戍 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljos/ |

#### Definitions

輸
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) present, gift, donation
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”)

#### Compounds

* 樂輸 / 乐输
* 送輸 / 送输

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 輸 |
| Kyūjitai | 輸 &#x2F9DF; or 輸+&#xFE01; |
| Kyūjitai | 輸󠄁 輸+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 輸󠄃 輸+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 輸)
* to transport; to send
* to be inferior to

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan’yō-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
* Kun: いたす (itasu, 輸す)、うつす (utsusu, 輸す)、おくる (okuru, 輸る)、まける (makeru, 輸ける)
* Kan’yōon ゆ (yu) is from analogy to other kanji with the phonetic part 俞. Compare 愉(ゆ) (yu) and 諭(ゆ) (yu).

#### Derived terms

* 輸(ゆ)する (yusuru, “to transport”)
* 運輸(うんゆ) (un'yu, “transportation”)
* 禁輸(きんゆ) (kin'yu, “embargo”)
* 空輸(くうゆ) (kūyu, “air transport”)
* 密(みつ)輸(ゆ) (mitsuyu, “smuggling”)
* 輸(ゆ)液(えき) (yueki, “intravenous infusion”)
* 輸(ゆ)血(けつ) (yuketsu, “blood transfusion”)
* 輸(ゆ)出(しゅつ) (yushutsu, “export”)
* 輸送(ゆそう) (yusō, “to transport”)
* 輸(ゆ)入(にゅう) (yunyū, “import”)
* 輸卵管(ゆらんかん) (yurankan, “Fallopian tube”)

### References

* ↑ “輸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 輸 (MC syu|syuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈 (sywu) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 輸 (eumhun 보낼 수 (bonael su))
* hanja form of 수 (“to transport; to send”)

#### Compounds

* 공수 (空輸, gongsu)
* 금수 (禁輸, geumsu)
* 밀수 (密輸, milsu)
* 수송 (輸送, susong)
* 수액 (輸液, suaek)
* 수입 (輸入, su'ip)
* 수출 (輸出, suchul)
* 수혈 (輸血, suhyeol)
* 운수 (運輸, unsu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

輸: Hán Việt readings: thâu
輸: Nôm readings: thua, thâu
* chữ Nôm form of thua (“to lose”).

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).