# 惟

| 惟 | U+60DF, &#24799; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60DF |
| ← 惞 [U+60DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 惠 → [U+60E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

惟 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心人土 (POG), four-corner 9001$_4$, composition ⿰忄隹)

#### Derived characters

* 𣻰, 𮆄, 𪠕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 391, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10820
* Dae Jaweon: page 726, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2316, character 3
* Unihan data for U+60DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 匯 | *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl |
| 擓 | *kʰʷriːl |
| 淮 | *ɡʷriːl |
| 睢 | *qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils |
| 嶉 | *sqʷi |
| 趡 | *skʰʷilʔ |
| 踓 | *skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ |
| 雖 | *sqʰʷi |
| 濉 | *sqʰʷi |
| 倠 | *qʰʷi |
| 婎 | *qʰʷil, *qʰʷils |
| 蓶 | *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ |
| 維 | *ɢʷi |
| 惟 | *ɢʷi |
| 唯 | *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ |
| 濰 | *ɢʷi |
| 琟 | *ɢʷil |
| 鷕 | *ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ |
| 帷 | *ɢʷril |
| 鵻 | *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéi (wei$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): î / ûi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$
*** Yale: wéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$
*** Yale: wàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
*** Tâi-lô: î
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /i²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
*** Tâi-lô: uî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit惟 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vei⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ve⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /vi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uɨ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uəi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ue⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /uei¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uei¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /vei³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /vi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /vi¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦui²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /vu³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ue⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uei¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uəi¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ui⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /vi¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vui¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐi²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɐi²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɐi²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ui³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mi⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /y²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zui⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /vui³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ywij
Rime :
| Character | 惟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以追切 |
| Baxter | ywij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiuɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /juɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwi/ |
| Li Rong | /ui/ |
| Wang Li | /jwi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /wi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷi/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 惟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wéi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ywij › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷij/ |
| English | (copula); namely |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12853 |
| Phonetic component | 唯 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 惟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷi/ |

### Definitions

惟
* but; however; nevertheless
* only
* to think; to contemplate
    From: circa 102~97 BCE, Dongfang Shuo, 《非有先生論》, translated by Burton Watson
    Yúshì Wú wáng mùrán, fǔ ér shēn wéi, yǎng ér qì xià jiāo yí. [Pinyin]
    The king of Wu fell silent, his head bowed in deep thought. Then he looked up, the streams of tears coursing down his cheeks.
    From: circa 272, Xiang Xiu, 《思舊賦》, translated by Burton Watson
    Wéi gǔxī yǐ huái jīn xī, xīn páihuái yǐ chóuchú. [Pinyin]
    Thought of the past and those I longed for, My heart restless, my steps unsure.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 唯 (“to be”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (alt. form 維／维, 唯) meaningless sentence-initial particle
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不惟 (bùwéi)
* 人心惟危
* 令出惟行
* 伏惟 (fúwéi)
* 匪惟
* 思惟 (sīwéi)
* 惟利是圖 / 惟利是图 (wéilìshìtú)
* 惟利是營 / 惟利是营
* 惟利是逐
* 惟力是視 / 惟力是视
* 惟命是從 / 惟命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
* 惟命是聽 / 惟命是听 (wéimìngshìtīng)
* 惟天可表
* 惟妙惟肖 (wéimiàowéixiào)
* 惟恐 (wéikǒng)
* 惟精惟一
* 授職惟賢 / 授职惟贤
* 明德惟馨
* 正思惟
* 民惟邦本
* 洪惟
* 禍福惟人 / 祸福惟人
* 非惟

### References

* “惟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* consider; reflect; think (おもう)
* yes
* this (これ)
* but; however (ただ)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆい (yui)
* Kan-on: い (i)
* Kun: おもう (omou, 惟う)、おもうに (omou ni, 惟うに)、おもんみる (omonmiru, 惟んみる)、これ (kore, 惟)、ただ (tada, 惟)
* Nanori: よし (yoshi)、のぶ (nobu)、ただ (tada)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 惟
* これ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 惟
* ただ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 惟 – see the following entries. :
| 【これ】 | [pronoun] this [pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker) [pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows) [pronoun] (archaic) I; me [pronoun] (archaic) you [pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 是, 之, 惟, etc.) Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject. Alternative spellings 此れ, 是, 之, 維 |
| 【ただ】 | [conjunction] 唯, 只, 但, 惟: but, however, although, except that Alternative spellings 唯, 只, 但 |
(This term, 惟, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) :

### References

* ↑ “惟”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

惟 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

惟: Hán Nôm readings: duy
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.