# 懂

| 懂 | U+61C2, &#25026; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C2 |
| ← 懁 [U+61C1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懃 → [U+61C3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懂 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心廿竹土 (PTHG), four-corner 9401$_4$, composition ⿰忄董)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11320
* Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2353, character 6
* Unihan data for U+61C2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toːŋʔ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 董 (OC *toːŋʔ).

### Etymology

Perhaps cognate with 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “to know”), an ancient Chu dialect word (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dǒng (dong$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): dung$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): túng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dung$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dung$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): dǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dūng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tóng / táng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ton
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǒng
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^3$
*** Yale: dǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doong
*** Palladius: дун (dun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dong$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^2$
*** Yale: dúng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: uung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɵŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: dung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: túng
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dūng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tóng
*** Tâi-lô: tóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táng
*** Tâi-lô: táng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: darng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /taŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴¹/
* Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
** tóng - literary;
** táng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 懂嚇).
* Middle Chinese: tuwngX
Rime :
| Character | 懂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 多動切 |
| Baxter | tuwngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tuŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tuŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17435 |
| Phonetic component | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 董 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 右原從蕫，今字見韻會覩動切 |

### Definitions

懂
* to understand; to comprehend
    我懂了。 ― Wǒ dǒng le. ― I see.
    懂禮貌／懂礼貌 ― dǒng lǐmào ― to understand good manners
       Tā de huà wǒ tīngdǒng le. [Pinyin]
       I understand what he said.
    你懂英語嗎？／你懂英语吗？ ― Nǐ dǒng yīngyǔ ma? ― Do you understand English?
       $^7$aq-laq $^8$veq $^5$ton [Wugniu]
       I don't understand.
* (Singapore, Hong Kong) to know
       Nǐ zhè shǔjià zhǔnbèi gànshénme? Wǒ bù dǒng. [Pinyin]
       What are you doing this summer? I don't know.
* Used in 懵懂 (měngdǒng, “confused”).
* a surname, Dong

#### Synonyms

* (to understand):
* 了解 (liǎojiě)
* 佔有 / 占有 (zhànyǒu)
* 分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
* 參悟 / 参悟 (cānwù)
* 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懂得 (dǒngde)
* 打生 (Wenzhounese)
* 把握 (bǎwò)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 明 (ming$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 明白
* 明瞭 / 明了 (míngliǎo)
* 曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
* 會悟 / 会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
* 洞悉 (dòngxī)
* 清亮 (mainland China)
* 清楚
* 熟似 (Hokkien)
* 熟悉 (shúxī)
* 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
* 熟識 / 熟识 (shúshí)
* 理會 / 理会 (lǐhuì)
* 理解 (lǐjiě)
* 瞭悟 / 了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
* 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
* 知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
* 知識 / 知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
* 知道 (zhīdào)
* 覺 / 觉
* 覺悟 / 觉悟 (juéwù)
* 覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
* 認識 / 认识
* 諳曉 / 谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
* 諳達 / 谙达 (āndá) (literary)
* 貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
* 通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
* 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
* 通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
* 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)
* 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
* 開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
* 領悟 / 领悟 (lǐngwù)
* 領會 / 领会 (lǐnghuì)
* 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to understand”):
* 不了解 (bù liǎojiě)
* 不懂 (bùdǒng)
* 不明 (bùmíng) (literary)
* 不曉得 / 不晓得 (bù xiǎodé)
* 不知 (bùzhī)
* 不知道 (bù zhīdào)
* 不解 (bùjiě)
* 不通 (bùtōng)
* 伓知 (Puxian Min)
* 唔知 (Cantonese)
* 曉不得 / 晓不得
* 𣍐仈 / 𫧃仈 (mâ̤-báik) (Eastern Min)
* 毋知 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 毋知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 母雞 / 母鸡 (mǔjī) (slang, neologism, humorous)

#### See also

* (Cantonese) 識／识, 明

#### Compounds

* 不懂 (bùdǒng)
* 不懂事
* 似懂非懂 (sìdǒngfēidǒng)
* 懂事 (dǒngshì)
* 懂得 (dǒngde)
* 懂眼
* 懂行 (dǒngháng)
* 懞懂 / 蒙懂 (měngdǒng)
* 懵懂 (měngdǒng)
* 懵懂痴呆
* 懵懵懂懂 (měngměngdǒngdǒng)
* 懵裡懵懂 / 懵里懵懂
* 搞不懂
* 搞懂
* 淺顯易懂 / 浅显易懂
* 略懂
* 痴呆懵懂
* 看懂 (kàndǒng)
* 瞢懂 (měngdǒng)
* 聽懂 / 听懂 (tīngdǒng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: つう (tsū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: みだれる (midareru, 懂れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

懂 (eumhun 심란할 동 (simnanhal dong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懂: Hán Nôm readings: đổng, đỏng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.