# 傲

| 傲 | U+50B2, &#20658; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B2 |
| ← 傱 [U+50B1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 傳 → [U+50B3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

傲 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人土尸大 (OGSK) or 人手尸大 (OQSK), four-corner 2824$_0$, composition ⿰亻敖)
* proud, haughty, overbearing

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1015
* Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 199, character 6
* Unihan data for U+50B2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 傲 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts05711Transcribed ancient scriptsL23576L23575 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 熬 | *ŋaːw, *qaːw |
| 敖 | *ŋaːw |
| 嗷 | *ŋaːw |
| 螯 | *ŋaːw |
| 聱 | *ŋaːw, *ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw |
| 驁 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鰲 | *ŋaːw |
| 遨 | *ŋaːw |
| 獒 | *ŋaːw |
| 滶 | *ŋaːw |
| 蔜 | *ŋaːw |
| 鷔 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鼇 | *ŋaːw |
| 謷 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws, *ŋraːw |
| 嶅 | *ŋaːw |
| 嗸 | *ŋaːw |
| 摮 | *ŋaːw |
| 嫯 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鏊 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 傲 | *ŋaːws |
| 磝 | *ŋraːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːws): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ào (ao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ngau$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngau
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngau$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngō͘ / gō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngao$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ào
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ào
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^4$
*** Yale: àu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aw
*** Palladius: ао (ao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngou$^6$
*** Yale: ngouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou̯²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ngau$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋau¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngau
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngau
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋau⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngō͘
*** Tâi-lô: ngōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō
*** Tâi-lô: gō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡo²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngău
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋau³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ngau
*** MiniDict: ngau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ngau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋɔ²³/
* Middle Chinese: ngawH
Rime :
| Character | 傲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五到切 |
| Baxter | ngawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːws/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 傲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 58 |
| Phonetic component | 敖 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傲 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːws/ |

#### Definitions

傲
* arrogant; proud; haughty; disdainful; supercilious
    驕傲／骄傲 ― jiāo'ào ― arrogant; conceited; proud
    傲慢 ― àomàn ― arrogant; haughty; supercilious
    From: a saying of Xu Beihong
    Rén bùkě yǒu àoqì, dàn bùkě wú àogǔ. [Pinyin]
    One should not be arrogant, but should not lack pride in oneself.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to despise; to look down on
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE
    Shù jiā yán lìng ér bù zhì qí xíng, zé mín ào zuì. [Pinyin]
    ...and if he issues one severe order after another, but does not apply the penalties, people will despise the death-penalty. (translation by J.J.L. Duyvendak)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) impetuous
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Bù wèn ér gào wèi zhī ào. [Pinyin]
    Informing where no question has been posed is called "forwardness". (translation by John Knoblock)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) stubborn
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to bend (one's body)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 倨傲 (jù'ào)
* 傲人 (àorén)
* 傲嬌 / 傲娇 (àojiāo)
* 傲岸 (ào'àn)
* 傲岸不群 (ào'ànbùqún)
* 傲慢 (àomàn)
* 傲氣 / 傲气 (àoqì)
* 傲然 (àorán)
* 傲睨 (àonì)
* 傲視 / 傲视 (àoshì)
* 傲立
* 傲自
* 傲遊 / 傲游
* 傲骨 (àogǔ)
* 兀傲 (wù'ào)
* 冷傲
* 嘯傲 / 啸傲
* 執傲 / 执傲
* 孤傲 (gū'ào)
* 居功自傲 (jūgōngzì'ào)
* 引以為傲 / 引以为傲 (yǐnyǐwéi'ào)
* 心高氣傲 / 心高气傲 (xīngāoqì'ào)
* 恃才傲物
* 狂傲
* 秋菊傲霜
* 自傲 (zì'ào)
* 輕世傲物 / 轻世傲物
* 違傲 / 违傲
* 驕傲 / 骄傲 (jiāo'ào)
* 驕傲自大 / 骄傲自大
* 驕傲自滿 / 骄傲自满 (jiāo'ào zìmǎn)
* 高傲 (gāo'ào)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): áo (ao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄠˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: áo
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: áo
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^2$
*** Yale: áu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
*** Palladius: ао (ao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

傲
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to stroll”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 熬 (“to endure; to get through”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* be proud

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)
* Kun: あなどる (anadoru, 傲る)、おごり (ogori, 傲り)、おごる (ogoru, 傲る)

#### Compounds

* 傲(ごう)岸(がん) (gōgan)
* 傲(ごう)倨(きょ), 傲(ごう)踞(きょ) (gōkyo)
* 傲(ごう)睨(げい) (gōgei)
* 傲(ごう)語(ご) (gōgo)
* 傲(ごう)傲(ごう) (gōgō)
* 傲(ごう)骨(こつ) (gōkotsu)
* 傲(ごう)兀(こつ) (gōkotsu)
* 傲(ごう)嘯(しゅう) (gōshū)
* 傲(ごう)笑(しょう) (gōshō)
* 傲(ごう)世(せい) (gōsei)
* 傲(ごう)然(ぜん) (gōzen)
* 傲(ごう)霜(そう) (gōsō)
* 傲(ごう)愎(ふく) (gōfuku) (驁(ごう)愎(ふく))
* 傲(ごう)放(ほう) (gōhō) (驁(ごう)放(ほう))
* 傲(ごう)慢(まん) (gōman) (敖(ごう)慢(まん), 慠(ごう)慢(まん))
* 傲(ごう)遊(ゆう) (gōyū)
* 簡(かん)傲(ごう) (kangō)
* 寄(き)傲(ごう) (kigō)
* 驕(きょう)傲(ごう) (kyōgō) (驕(きょう)敖(ごう), 驕(きょう)慠(ごう))
* 倨(きょ)傲(ごう) (kyogō) (倨(きょ)敖(ごう))
* 踞(きょ)傲(ごう) (kyogō) (踞(きょ)敖(ごう))
* 亢(こう)傲(ごう) (kōgō)
* 兀(こつ)傲(ごう) (kotsugō)
* 侈(し)傲(ごう) (shigō)
* 嘯(しょう)傲(ごう) (shōgō)
* 笑(しょう)傲(ごう) (shōgō) (笑(しょう)敖(ごう))
* 怠(たい)傲(ごう) (taigō) (怠(たい)敖(ごう), 怠(たい)慠(ごう))
* 陵(りょう)傲(ごう), 凌(りょう)傲(ごう) (ryōgō)

## Korean
### Hanja

傲 (eum 오 (o))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

傲: Hán Nôm readings: ngạo, nghệu, ngáo, ngão
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.