# sál
## Afitti
### Noun

sál
* (Ditti) palm-leaf broom

#### Synonyms

* éjèl (Afitti)

### References

* Alex de Voogt, A sketch of Affiti phonology, in Studies in African Linguistics 38:1 (2009)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsaːl]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Saal.

#### Noun

sál m inan
* room
* saloon
* hall
* theater (operating theater for surgery)
    Zraněného přivezli na operační sál.

##### Derived terms

* sálový

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sál
* third-person singular masculine past of sát

### References

* ↑ Machek, Václav (1968) Etymologický slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 536
* ↑ Rejzek, Jiří (2007) Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Version 1.0 edition, Prague: Leda

### Further reading

* “sál”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sál”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Schal, from English shawl, from Persian شال (šâl, “shawl, scarf”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃaːl]
* Hyphenation: sál
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Noun

sál (plural sálak)
* scarf
* shawl

#### Derived terms

* nyaksál

### Further reading

* sál in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sauːl/
    Rhymes: -auːl

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse sál, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwlu, *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

#### Noun

sál f (genitive singular sálar, nominative plural sálir)
* a soul
** Einar Benediktsson
    Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.Exercise caution in the presence of a soul.
    Blóð er gjaldmiðill sálarinnar.Blood is the currency of the soul.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Attested since the 16th century; origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sahalō, from the root *seh- (“to cut”), originally denoting a bag sewn from cut-out pieces of skin; or perhaps from *sawalō, related to sjóður (“purse”), or from *saihalō, related to sár (“cask”).

#### Noun

sál f (genitive singular sálar, nominative plural sálar)
* a skin bag

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “1 sál”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

### Anagrams

* lás
* slá

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /sˠɑːl̪ˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /sˠɑːlˠ/, /sˠɑːl̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /sˠaːlˠ/, /sˠaːl̪ˠ/

### Noun

sál f pl
* genitive plural of sáil

### Noun

sál f (genitive singular sáile, nominative plural sála)
* Alternative form of sáil (“heel”)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
sál
sála
vocative
a shál
a shála
genitive
sáile
sál
dative
sál
sála
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an tsál
na sála
genitive
na sáile
na sál
dative
leis an tsál don tsál
leis na sála :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 72, page 38
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 348, page 120

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sál”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saːl/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *sālos (whence Welsh hâl (“salty water”)), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Akin to Latin sal and English salt.

#### Noun

sál m
* salt water, brine, seawater
* (poetic, by extension) sea, ocean
** c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1132
    sáil-onn .i. cloch sáilsea-rock i.e. rock of the sea

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Alternative forms

* sáile

##### Descendants

* Irish: sáile
* Scottish Gaelic: sàl

#### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*salano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 319

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sál (‘salt water’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *stātlā (compare Welsh sawdl), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

#### Noun

sál f
* heel
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 68$^b$7
    sál ― (glosses Latin calx)

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* sál tre assa (“tonsure”, literally “heel through the shoe”)

##### Descendants

* Irish: sáil
* Manx: saayl
* Scottish Gaelic: sàil

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 sál (‘heel’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*stātlā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 354

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.