# مصر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m ṣ r) in some senses (see below).
The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /misˤr/
* Audio:(file)

#### Proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
* (dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)

##### Derived terms

* مِصْرِيّ (miṣriyy, “Egyptian”)
* مِصْرِيَّة (miṣriyya, “Egyptian woman”)
* مَصَّرَ (maṣṣara, “to Egyptianize”)
* تَمَصَّرَ (tamaṣṣara, “to become Egyptian”)
* مِصْرِيَّة (miṣriyya, “Egyptianism”)

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: مصر (maṣr)
** → Nobiin: Másser
* Gulf Arabic: مصر (maṣir)
* Hijazi Arabic: مَصُر (maṣur)
* Maltese: Masar
* Moroccan Arabic: مصر (miṣr)
* North Levantine Arabic: مَصْر (maṣ(ə)r)
* → Abkhaz: Мысра (Məsra), Мсыр (Msər)
* → Adyghe: Мысыр (Məsər)
* → Akan: Misrim
* → Amharic: ምሥር (məśr)
* → Azerbaijani: Misir
* → Bashkir: Мысыр (Mısır)
* → Beja: مَسِر (Másir)
* → Chagatai: مصر
** Uyghur: مىسىر (misir)
** Uzbek: Misr
* → Chechen: Мисар (Misar)
* → Crimean Tatar: Mısır
* → Dhivehi: މިޞްރު (mişru)
* → Hausa: Masar, Misira
* → Kabyle: Maṣer
* → Kalenjin: Misri
* → Kamba: Misri
* → Kikuyu: Misri
* → Krymchak: Мысыр
* → Kumyk: Мисри (Misri)
* → Kurdish:
** Central Kurdish: میسر (mîsr)
** Northern Kurdish: Misir
* → Kyrgyz: Мысыр (Mısır)
* → Lezgi: Мисри (Misri)
* → Luhya: Misri
* → Luo: Misri
* → Classical Malay: مصر (Mesir)
** Malay: Mesir
*** Indonesian: Mesir
* → Maranao: Misir
* → Meru: Misri
* → Mongolian:
    Cyrillic script: Мисир (Misir)
    Mongolian script: ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ (misir)
* → Ossetian: Мысыр (Mysyr)
* → Ottoman Turkish: مصر (Mısır) (see there for further descendants)
* → Pashto: مصر (mesr)
* → Classical Persian: مِصْر (misr) (see there for further descendants)
* → Swahili: Umisri, Misri

### Etymology 2

From the root م ص ر (m ṣ r), whose significations may have been partially influenced by the name of the North African region.

#### Noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) m (plural أَمْصَار (ʔamṣār))
* border, boundary, limit, march, neighboring territory
* separate area, district, province, city-state
* big city, metropolis, capital
* garrison town, a military fort, an incorporated area; a colony often to establish regional control, a civilizing or cultural settlement
** (in the dual) Kufa and Basra
** (in the dual) Fustat and Kairouan

##### Derived terms

* مَصَّرَ (maṣṣara, “to found (a city), to settle; to urbanize”)
* تَمَصَّرَ (tamaṣṣara, “to become a city”)

### Etymology 3

From the root م ص ر (m ṣ r), with senses relating to Egypt deriving directly from مِصْر (miṣr, “Egypt”).

#### Verb

مَصَّرَ • (maṣṣara) II (non-past يُمَصِّرُ (yumaṣṣiru), verbal noun تَمْصِير (tamṣīr))
* (transitive) to build or found (a city), to settle or people (a region), to colonize; to civilize
    Synonyms: اِسْتَعْمَرَ (istaʕmara), اِسْتَوْطَنَ (istawṭana)
* (transitive) to make Egyptian, to Egyptianize

##### Derived terms

* تَمْصِير (tamṣīr, “settlement, civilization, colonization; Egyptianization”)

### Etymology 4

Derived from the active participle of أَصَرّ (ʔaṣarr, “to persist in”).

#### Adjective

مُصِرّ • (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة (muṣirra), masculine plural مُصِرُّونَ (muṣirrūna), feminine plural مُصِرَّات (muṣirrāt))
* insistent

##### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “مصر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr). The sense of Cairo comes from the earlier settlement مِصْر الْفُسْطَاطِ (miṣr al-fusṭāṭi, “the Civil Center of Assembly”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /masˤr/

### Proper noun

مصر • (maṣr) f
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
* (informal) Cairo (the capital city of Egypt)
    Synonym: القاهرة (il-qāhira)

#### Derived terms

* مصري (maṣri, “Egyptian”)

#### Descendants

* → Nobiin: Másser

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.sˤur/, [ma.sˤʊr]

#### Proper noun

مَصُر • (maṣur) f
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

##### Related terms

* مَصْري (maṣri)
* مَصْرية (maṣriyya)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic مُصِرّ (muṣirr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.sˤirr/, [mʊ.sˤɪrr]

#### Adjective

مُصِرّ • (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة (muṣirra), common plural مُصِرِّين (muṣirrīn))
* persistent
* determined, insistent

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /misˤr/

### Proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

#### Derived terms

* مصري (miṣri)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

### Proper noun

مصر • (Mısır)
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

#### Derived terms

* مصر طورنه‌سی (Mısır turnası, “sacred ibis”)
* مصرلو (Mısırlı, “Egyptian”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Mısır
* → Albanian: Misir
* → Middle Armenian: Մսըր (Msər), Մսր (Msr)
** Armenian: Մսըր (Msər)
* → Romanian: Misir
* Serbo-Croatian:
** Latin script: Mìsīr
** Cyrillic script: Мѝсӣр

### Noun

مصر • (mısır)
* maize, corn

#### Descendants

* Turkish: mısır
* → Albanian: misër

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مصر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1877

## Pashto
### Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

### Pronunciation

* (rare) IPA: /mɪsɾ/
* IPA: /mis.ar/

### Proper noun

مصر • (misr) m
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [misɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɪsɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɪsɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɪsɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [misɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mesɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [misɾ]

#### Proper noun

مِصْر • (mesr)
* Egypt (a country in Africa)
** 1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:این كمترین مریدان حكایتی از جنگ كردن سلطان صالح‌الدین مصر به فرنگیان كه از غرابت خالی نبوده به عرض اقـدس مـیرسانید.īn kamtarīn murīdān hikāyatē az jang kardan-i sultān sālah-ad-dīn-i misr ba farangīyān ki az ğurābat xālī na-būda ba arz-i aqdas mē-rasānīd.We humblest servants told a story in his imperial presence about the war that Sultan Saladin of Egypt had waged against the Crusaders, which was not devoid of marvels.
* (archaic) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)

##### Derived terms

* مصرشناس (mesr-šenâs, “Egyptologist”)
* مصرشناسی (mesr-šenâsi, “Egyptology”)
* مصری (mesri, “Egyptian”)

##### Descendants

* Dari: مِصْر (misr)
* Iranian Persian: مِصْر (mesr)
* Tajik: Миср (Misr)
* → Assamese: মিছৰ (misor), মিচৰ (misor)
* → Bengali: মিশর (miśor), মিসর (miśor)
* → Gujarati: મિસર (misar)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: मिस्र (misra), मिस्त्र (mistra), मिसर (misar)
    Urdu: مِصْر (misr)
* → Kashmiri: مِصر
* → Kazakh: Мысыр (Mysyr)
* → Marathi: मिसर (misar)
* → Nepali: मिस्र (misra)
* → Odia: ମିଶର (miśara), ମିଶର୍ (miśar), ମିଶ୍ର (miśra)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਸਰ (misar)
** Shahmukhi script: مِصَر (miṣar)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مُصِرّ (muṣirr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [moˈsiɾɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mosɪ́ɾ(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mosɪ́ɾ(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mosɪ́ɾ(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mosíɾ(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [moséɹ(ː)]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mosíɾ(ː)]

#### Adjective

مُصِرّ • (moserr)
* (uncommon, literary) insistent

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /mɪsəɾə̆/

### Proper noun

مِصَر • (miṣar) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /masˤr/, [ˈmɑ.sˤ(ɪ)rˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Proper noun

مصر • (maṣr) f
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

#### Related terms

* مصري (maṣri, “Egyptian”)
* مصاري (maṣāri, “money”)

## Urdu

Picture dictionary :
مصر
ترکی
قبرص
لبنان
شام
فلسطین
اسرائیل
اُردن
مصر
کردستان
عراق
کویت
ایران
سعودی عرب
بحرین
قطر
متحدہ عرب امارات
عمان
یمن :
* شامشام
* اسرائیلاسرائیل
* گلیلگلیل
* ہندوستانہندوستان

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مِصْر (misr), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mɪsɾ/, /mɪ.səɾ/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪsɾ, -əɾ

### Proper noun

مِصْر • (misr) f (Hindi spelling मिस्र)
* Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
** 2004, مرزا طاہر احمد [Mirza Tahir Ahmad], رَبِّ اِنِّی لِمَا اَنزَلتَ اِلَیَّ مِن خَیر فَقِیر (poetry), quoted in کلامِ طاہر [Kalam-e-Tahir], pages 99-100:مصر جانے کو جی مچلتا ہےmiṣr jāne ko jī macaltā haiMy heart yearns to go to Egypt
* (by extension) cities south of Cairo in Egypt.
* (figuratively) Cairo (a city in Egypt).

### See also

* (Middle East) مَشْرِقِ وُسْطیٰ (maśriq-i vustā); سَعُودی عَرَب (sa'ūdī 'arab), مِصْر (misr) عِراق ('irāq), اِیران (īrān), اُرْدُن (urdun), شام (śām), تُرْکِیَہ (turkiya), قِبْرِص (qibris) فِلِسْطِین (filistīn) اِسْرائِیل (isrāīl) لِبْنان (libnān) یَمَن (yaman) عُمان ('umān) مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات (muttahida 'arab imārāt) قَطَر (qatar) بَحْرِین (bahrīn) کُوَیت (kuvait)

### Noun

مِصْر • (misr) f (Hindi spelling मिस्र)
* a city; centre; country
* limit, extent (between two items)
* sword; blade

### Further reading

* “مصر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “مصر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مصر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “مصر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “مصر”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC