OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# գլխագիր
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian գլխագիր (glxagir).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɡəlχɑˈɡiɾ/, [ɡəlχɑɡíɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kəlχɑˈkiɾ/, [kʰəlχɑkʰíɾ]

### Noun

գլխագիր • (glxagir)
* (rare) capital letter, capital, uppercase letter
    Synonyms: մեծատառ (mecataṙ), գլխատառ (glxataṙ)
    Antonym: փոքրատառ (pʻokʻrataṙ)

#### Declension
### Adjective

գլխագիր • (glxagir)
* (rare) capital, uppercase (of letters)
    Synonyms: մեծատառ (mecataṙ), գլխատառ (glxataṙ)
    Antonym: փոքրատառ (pʻokʻrataṙ)

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

գլուխ (glux) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ գիր (gir)

### Noun

գլխագիր • (glxagir)
* inscription, title, heading
* (post-Classical) uppercase letter, capital letter

#### Descendants

* Armenian: գլխագիր (glxagir)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գլխագիր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837) “գլխագիր”, in Baṙgirkʻ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# vergogniate
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ver.ɡoɲˈɲa.te/
* Homophone: vergognate
* Rhymes: -ate
* Hyphenation: ver‧go‧gnià‧te

### Verb

vergogniate
* second-person plural present subjunctive of vergognare
# भगवान
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* भगवान् (bhagvān)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /bʱəɡ.ʋɑːn/, [bʱɐɡ.wä̃ːn]

### Noun

भगवान • (bhagvān) m (Urdu spelling بھگوان)
* God, the Almighty
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भगवान
    वह भगवान से प्रार्थना कर रही थी।vah bhagvān se prārthanā kar rahī thī.She was saying a prayer to God.
    भगवान तुम्हें दूध-पूत से सुखी रखे।bhagvān tumhẽ dūdh-pūt se sukhī rakhe.May God gratify you with wealth and children.
* a god; male deity, lord
    भगवान कृष्णा ― bhagvān kŕṣṇā ― Lord Krishna

#### Descendants

* → English: bhagwaan, Bhagwan, Bhagawan

### Further reading

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “भगवान”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “भगवान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Platts, John T. (1884) “भगवान”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʱəɡ.ʋan/

### Noun

भगवान • (bhagvān) m
* (rare) God, the Almighty
    Synonyms: देव (dev), ईश्वर (īśvar), परमेश्वर (parmeśvar)
* a male deity; bhagwaan
    Synonym: प्रभु (prabhu)
    भगवान राम ― bhagvān rām ― Lord Rāma

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “भगवान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
# 肰

| 肰 | U+80B0, &#32944; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B0 |
| ← 肯 [U+80AF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肱 → [U+80B1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

肰 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月戈大 (BIK), composition ⿰⺼犬)

#### Derived terms

* 猒, 𭵃, 𤉷, 然

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 976, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29314
* Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2047, character 6
* Unihan data for U+80B0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嘫 | *rneːn |
| 然 | *njen |
| 肰 | *njen |
| 繎 | *njon, *njen |
| 燃 | *njen |
| 蹨 | *njenʔ, *neːnʔ |
| 橪 | *njenʔ, *ʔneːn |
| 撚 | *neːnʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 肉 (“meat”) + semantic 犬 (“dog”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rán (ran$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rán
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rán
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^2$
*** Yale: rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ran
*** Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: nyen
Rime :
| Character | 肰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如延切 |
| Baxter | nyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njen/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10757 |
| Phonetic component | 肰 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 然 |
| Old Chinese | /*njen/ |

### Definitions

肰
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) dog meat

#### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), p. 183
# Romaniscre
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.mɑː.niʃ.re/

### Adjective

Rōmānisċre
* strong genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of Rōmānisċ
# ուրբաթ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ուրբաթ (urbatʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /uɾˈpʰɑtʰ/, [uɾpʰɑ́tʰ]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /uɾˈpʰɑt/, [uɾpʰɑ́t]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /uɾˈpɑt/, [uɾpʰɑ́tʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: ուր‧բաթ

### Noun

ուրբաթ • (urbatʻ)
* Friday

#### Declension
### See also

Days of the week in Armenian · շաբաթվա օրերը (šabatʻva ōrerə) (layout · text) :
| կիրակի (kiraki) | երկուշաբթի (erkušabtʻi) | երեքշաբթի (erekʻšabtʻi) | չորեքշաբթի (čʻorekʻšabtʻi) | հինգշաբթի (hingšabtʻi) | ուրբաթ (urbatʻ) | շաբաթ (šabatʻ) |

### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (1973) “ուրբաթ”, in Hayeren uġġagrakan-uġġaxosakan, terminabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Orthographic–Orthoepic Terminological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Luys

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From *ուրուբաթ (*urubatʻ) borrowed from Classical Syriac ܥܪܘܒܬܐ (ʿərūḇtāʼ, “the eve, day of preparation; especially the eve of the Sabbath, Friday”).

### Noun

ուրբաթ • (urbatʻ)
* Friday
    աւագ ուրբաթ ― awag urbatʻ ― Good Friday

#### Derived terms

* ուրբաթազէլ (urbatʻazēl)
* ուրբաթալեզ (urbatʻalez)
* ուրբաթալէզ (urbatʻalēz)
* ուրբաթայրք (urbatʻayrkʻ)
* ուրբաթանամ (urbatʻanam)
* ուրբաթացուցանեմ (urbatʻacʻucʻanem)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ուրբաթ (urbatʻ)

### See also

* days of the week (appendix): միաշաբաթի (miašabatʻi)/կիւրակէ (kiwrakē) · երկշաբաթի (erkšabatʻi) · երեքշաբաթի (erekʻšabatʻi) · չորեքշաբաթի (čʻorekʻšabatʻi) · հինգշաբաթի (hingšabatʻi) · ուրբաթ (urbatʻ) · շաբաթ (šabatʻ)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ուրբաթ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ուրբաթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ուրբաթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# Pakukaîa
## Old Tupi
### Alternative forms

Historical spellings :
| Anchieta (1555) | Pacucaya |

### Etymology

From paku (“pacu”) +‎ kaî (“to burn oneself”) +‎ -a (nominal suffix), literally “burned pacu”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [paˌkuˈkaj.a]
* Rhymes: -aja
* Hyphenation: Pa‧ku‧kaî‧a

### Proper noun

Pakukaîa
* (now historical) a former Tupinambá village in São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
** c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L$^{ço}$ [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 117, lines 142–151; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 691:Maene, Tupinãba / Paraguaçupe ndaroera, / ytupã ocibae puera / opacatu yamomba / nitibetei çembiroera // Yaupa Moçupiroca, / Yequej, guatapitiba, / Nheterõya, Paraiba / Guayayo, Carijo oca / Pacucaya, Araçatiba.[Ma'ẽne, tupinambá / Paragûasupendarûera, / i tupãokyba'epûera, / opakatu îamombá. / N'i tybetéî sembyrûera. // Îa'upá Mosupyroka, / Îekeí, Gûatapytyba, / Nheterõîa, Paraíba, / Gûaîaîó, Kariîooka, / Pakukaîa, Arasatyba.]Look, the Tupinambás who were in Paraguaçu and had their churches, we destroyed them all. Not even their remains are left. We devoured all the Moçupiroca, Jequeí, Guatapitiba, Niterói, Paraíba, Guajajó, Carioca, Pacucaia, Araçatiba.

#### Descendants

* → Portuguese: Pacucaia
# աղյուսակ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* աղիւսակ (aġiwsak) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian աղիւսակ (ałiwsak, “table; tablet; little brick”).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑʁjuˈsɑk/, [ɑʁjusɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑʁʏˈsɑɡ/, [ɑʁʏsɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

աղյուսակ • (aġyusak)
* table (grid of data arranged in rows and columns)
    բազմապատկման աղյուսակ ― bazmapatkman aġyusak ― multiplication table
    պարբերական աղյուսակ ― parberakan aġyusak ― periodic table
# finiate
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiˈnja.te/
* Rhymes: -ate
* Hyphenation: fi‧nià‧te

### Verb

finiate
* second-person plural present subjunctive of finire

### Anagrams

* enfiati
# dausdos
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* dausdus
* rausros — dialectal, Rizal, informal

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /daʔusˈdos/ [d̪ɐ.ʔʊsˈd̪os]
* Rhymes: -os
* Syllabification: da‧us‧dos

### Noun

dausdós (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜂᜐ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* downward slide (as on a slope or inclined surface)
    Synonyms: dausos, pagdausos, islayd
* sliding of a knot (that forms a running noose)
    Synonyms: higkot, paghigkot

#### Derived terms

* dausdusan
* dumausdos
* idausdos
* magpadausdos
* padausdusan
* pagpapadausdos
# Mierciscum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmi͜yr.t͡ʃiʃ.ʃum/, [ˈmi͜yrˠ.t͡ʃiʃ.ʃum]

### Adjective

Mierċisċum
* inflection of Mierċisċ:
** strong dative masculine/neuter singular
** strong/weak dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter plural
# երեքշաբթի
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* յերեքշաբթի (yerekʻšabtʻi) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography
* իրեքշաբթի (irekʻšabtʻi) (dialectal, colloquial)

### Etymology

From Old Armenian երեքշաբաթի (erekʻšabatʻi).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jeɾekʰʃɑbˈtʰi/, [jeɾekʰʃɑpʰtʰí]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /jeɾekʰʃɑpʰˈti/, [jeɾekʰʃɑpʰtí]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jeɾekʃɑpˈti/, [jeɾekʰʃɑpʰtʰí]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: ե‧րեք‧շաբ‧թի

### Noun

երեքշաբթի • (erekʻšabtʻi)
* Tuesday

#### Declension
### See also

Days of the week in Armenian · շաբաթվա օրերը (šabatʻva ōrerə) (layout · text) :
| կիրակի (kiraki) | երկուշաբթի (erkušabtʻi) | երեքշաբթի (erekʻšabtʻi) | չորեքշաբթի (čʻorekʻšabtʻi) | հինգշաբթի (hingšabtʻi) | ուրբաթ (urbatʻ) | շաբաթ (šabatʻ) |
# abanheenga
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* abaneenga, abañeenga, avanheenga

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Tupi abá (“human, or Indigenous person”) +‎ nhe'enga (“language”), literally “human language, or an Indigenous one”. There is no record of an Old Tupi term to refer to the language itself, so this composition is, ultimately, a calque of Guaraní avañe'ẽ.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.bɐ̃.ɲeˈẽ.ɡɐ/ [a.bɐ̃.j̃eˈẽ.ɡɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.bɐ̃.ɲeˈẽ.ɡɐ/ [a.bɐ̃.j̃eˈẽ.ɡɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.bɐ.ɲeˈẽ.ɡa/
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧nhe‧en‧ga

### Noun

abanheenga m (uncountable)
* Old Tupi (Tupian language spoken as a lingua franca in colonial Brazil)
    Synonyms: abanheém, avanheém, língua geral, nheengatu, tupi, tupi antigo, tupi clássico, tupi-guarani
# Abschlusskundgebung
## German
### Alternative forms

* Abschlußkundgebung (pre-1996 spelling reform)

### Etymology

From Abschluss +‎ Kundgebung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʔapˌʃlʊsˌkʊntɡeːbʊŋ]
* Hyphenation: Ab‧schluss‧kun‧ge‧bung

### Noun

Abschlusskundgebung f (genitive Abschlusskundgebung, plural Abschlusskundgebungen)
* closing rally
# զարթնել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian զարթնում (zartʻnum).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /zɑɾtʰˈnel/, [zɑɾtʰnél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /zɑɾtˈnel/, [zɑɾtʰnél]

### Verb

զարթնել • (zartʻnel)
* (intransitive) to wake up

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

#### Synonyms

* արթնանալ (artʻnanal)
# बळ
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit बल (bala), from Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“power, strength”). Cognate with Hindi बल (bal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəɭ̆/

### Noun

बळ • (baḷ) n
* strength
    Synonyms: शक्ती (śaktī), जोर (jor), ताकद (tākad), त्राण (trāṇ)
    एकीचे बळekīċe baḷThe strength of unity

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “बळ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “बळ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “बळ”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
# Miercisces
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmi͜yr.t͡ʃiʃ.ʃes/, [ˈmi͜yrˠ.t͡ʃiʃ.ʃes]

### Adjective

Mierċisċes
* strong genitive masculine/neuter singular of Mierċisċ
# prance
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English prancen, prauncen (“to prance”, literally “to show off”), variant of Middle English pranken (“to prank”), thus probably from the same ultimate root as prank. Cognate with Bavarian prangezen, prangssen (“to put on airs”), Alemannic German pranzen (“to strut”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /pɹæn(t)s/
* Rhymes: -æns
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɹɑːn(t)s/
* Rhymes: -ɑːns

### Verb

prance (third-person singular simple present prances, present participle prancing, simple past and past participle pranced)
* (of a horse) To spring forward on the hind legs.
* (colloquial, figuratively) To strut about in a showy manner.
    John's daughter was prancing about the sitting room, practicing for her school dance.

#### Derived terms

* prancesome
* prancy

#### Translations
### Noun

prance (plural prances)
* A prancing movement.
** 1915, D. H. Lawrence, The Rainbow:There seemed a little prance of triumph in his movement,

### Anagrams

* parcen
# Käsespätzle
## German
### Etymology

From Käse +‎ Spätzle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɛːzəˌʃpɛt͡slə]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Kä‧se‧spätz‧le

### Noun

Käsespätzle pl (plural only)
* kaesespaetzle

#### Declension
### References

* “Käsespätzle” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Käsespätzle” in Duden online
# Luftabschluss
## German
### Alternative forms

* Luftabschluß (superseded)

### Etymology

From Luft +‎ Abschluss.

### Noun

Luftabschluss m (strong, genitive Luftabschlusses, plural Luftabschlüsse)
* exclusion of air

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

### Further reading

* “Luftabschluss” in Duden online
# քաղդեացի
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* քաղդէացի (kʻaġdēacʻi) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian քաղդէացի (kʻałdēacʻi).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰɑʁdeɑˈt͡sʰi/, [kʰɑʁde(j)ɑt͡sʰí]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑχteɑˈt͡si/, [kʰɑχtʰe(j)ɑt͡sʰí]

### Noun

քաղդեացի • (kʻaġdeacʻi)
* Chaldean

#### Declension

*colloquial **dated
# kafirkan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From kafir +‎ -kan.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /kaˈfirkan/ [kaˈfir.kan]
* Rhymes: -irkan
* Syllabification: ka‧fir‧kan

### Verb

kafirkan (active mengafirkan or mengkafirkan, passive dikafirkan)
* to kafirize, accuse being a kafir

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixation of kafir +‎ -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka.fe(r).kan]
* Hyphenation: ka‧fir‧kan

### Verb

kafirkan (Jawi spelling کافيرکن, active mengkafirkan, 3rd person passive dikafirkan)
* (transitive) To consider or say someone is a kafir.
** 2024, Muhammad Azizul Osman, “Perbuatan mengkafirkan sesama umat Islam fenomena bahaya, ekstrem - Mufti [Act of considering others kafirs amongst Muslims a dangerous and extreme phenomenon - Mufti]”, in Harian Metro‎:"Para ulama sudah bersepakat memutuskan bahawa tiada mana-mana orang yang berhak mengkafirkan seorang Muslim meskipun dia didapati melakukan apa-apa perbuatan maksiat."The ulema have together decided that no person has the right to consider another Muslim a kafir even if they have been caught doing any vice acts.

### Further reading

* “mengkafirkan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Zhoushan
## English
### Alternative forms

* Chou-shan (Wade–Giles)

### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 舟山 (Zhōushān).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: jōʹshänʹ

### Proper noun

Zhoushan
* A prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China.
** [1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], “Seas”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China]‎, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 46:The Choushan Archipelago of Chekiang, visited by both the cold and warm currents, is rich in fishes of cold- and warm-water origin which come in search of the nutritious food washed down by the Yangtse and Chientang waters. Choushan is now China’s biggest fishing ground.]
** [1975 October 5, L. Chen, “Proletariat against proletarian rule”, in 自由中國週報 [Free China Weekly]‎, volume XVI, number 39, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 4:Because of the presence of the military, unrest at Hanchow factories was put down, but reports of resistance have continued to come from other points of the province, including Ningpo, Choushan, Taichou and Wenchou.]
** 2015 October 29, David Metz, “Teaching the Common Core in China [当美国教育方法遇到中国应试制度]”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 November 2015, Education Life‎:The meeting began in a stark, white-tiled lecture hall on the largest island of the Chinese archipelago of Zhoushan, where the East China Sea meets the Yangtze Delta. The sole decoration was a greeting written in English in multicolored chalk on the blackboard: “Welcome Parents and Students.” It was to be my first parents meeting at Zhoushan’s most elite high school.
** 2021, Bruce A. Elleman, Taiwan Straits Standoff: 70 Years of PRC-Taiwan Cross-Strait Tensions‎, Anthem Press, →ISBN, →OCLC:Communist forces, in spite of naval and air inferiority, succeeded in overwhelming the Nationalist base on Hainan Island during February-May 1950, the Zhoushan Archipelago during May 1950, and Tatan Island as late as July 1950.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “Chou-shan Archipelago”, in The International Geographic Encyclopedia and Atlas‎, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1979, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 160, column 1

### Further reading

* Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Zhoushan”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 3, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3565, column 3

### Anagrams

* Shanzhou
# Afrisc
## Old English
### Etymology

From Āfrica +‎ -isċ, or Latin āfricus +‎ -isċ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːˌfriʃ/

### Adjective

Āfrisċ
* African
    Āfrisċ mēowle
       an African maid

#### Synonyms

* Āfricānisċ
# տիեզերագնաց
## Armenian
### Etymology

From տիեզերք (tiezerkʻ) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ գնալ (gnal). Calque of Russian космо-навт (kosmo-navt). Formally identical with Old Armenian տիեզերագնաց (tiezeragnacʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tiezeɾɑɡəˈnɑt͡sʰ/, [ti(j)ezeɾɑɡənɑ́t͡sʰ]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /tjezeɾɑɡəˈnɑt͡sʰ/, [tjezeɾɑɡənɑ́t͡sʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /diezeɾɑkəˈnɑt͡s/, [di(j)ezeɾɑkʰənɑ́t͡sʰ]

### Noun

տիեզերագնաց • (tiezeragnacʻ)
* cosmonaut

#### See also

* աստղագնաց (astġagnacʻ)
# ทา
## Thai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *daːᴬ, from Middle Chinese 塗 (MC drae, “smear”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨴᩤ, Lao ທາ (thā), Lü ᦑᦱ (taa), Tai Dam ꪕꪱ, Shan တႃး (táa), Ahom 𑜄𑜠 (ta), Zhuang daz.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | ทา d ā |
| Romanization | Paiboon | taa |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | tha |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰaː˧/ |
| Audio | Audio | |

### Verb

ทา • (taa) (abstract noun การทา)
* to apply something on something by means of rubbing, smearing, painting, or the like; to be applied with something in such manner: to wear, to have (on), etc.
    ทาลิป
       taa líp
       to apply a lipstick / to wear a lipstick (depending on the context)

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai‎, Cornell University PhD dissertation, page 357
# Men-sê-vích
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* men-sê-vích

### Etymology

Russian меньшеви́к (menʹševík).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mɛn˧˧ se˧˧ vïk̟̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [mɛŋ˧˧ ʂej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˧˥] ~ [mɛŋ˧˧ sej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [mɛŋ˧˧ ʂej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˥] ~ [mɛŋ˧˧ sej˧˧ jɨt̚˦˥]
* Phonetic spelling: men sê vích

### Noun

Men-sê-vích
* (communism) Menshevik
** 1956, Trương Tửu, “Tự do tư tưởng của văn nghệ sĩ và sự lãnh đạo của Đảng Cộng sản Bôn-sê-vích [Writers' and Artists' Freedom of Thought and the Bolshevik Communist Party's Leadership]”, in Giai phẩm mùa Đông [Winter's Beautiful Works], volume I, Nhà xuất bản Minh Đức:Nếu sự thực hàng ngày cho ta biết có nhiều người mang thẻ đảng viên cộng sản khá lâu năm mà tư tưởng và hành động vẫn chưa có gì là vô sản cả, thì sự thực lịch sử cũng đã chứng minh có nhiều đảng tự nhận là của giai cấp vô sản mà quả thực phản lại quyền lợi của giai cấp vô sản (như Đảng Xã hội ở các nươc tư bản, Đảng Men-sê-vích ở Nga…)[.]If we know every day for a fact that many have been carrying Party's membership cards for a rather long time but their thought and actions are not yet proletarian at all, then it's also a proven historical fact that many parties proclaimed themselves to be of the proletariat but in fact went against the proletariat's interests (like the Socialist parties in capitalist countries, the Menshevik party in Russia,…)[.]
** 2013 April 23, Lê Thị Thanh Hà PhD, “V.I. Lê-nin bàn về vấn đề thanh lọc đảng viên và ý nghĩa của nó trong việc xây dựng Đảng ta hiện nay [V. I. Lenin on Screening Party's Members and Its Meaning in Building Our Party Nowadays]”, in Tạp chí Cộng sản [Communist Review]‎:Tại Đại hội II của Đảng Công nhân dân chủ - xã hội Nga (tháng 7-1903), Đảng đã chia thành hai phái là Bôn-sê-vích và Men-sê-vích. Những người Men-sê-vích cấu kết với phái “kinh tế” trong Đảng, trở thành một lực lượng có đường lối riêng, chống lại phái Bôn-sê-vích, đứng đầu là V.I. Lê-nin.At the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (July 1903), the Party was split into two factions: Bolshevik and Menshevik. The Mensheviks collaborated with the “Economist” faction in the Party, became a force with their own directions, and opposed the Bolshevik faction headed by V. I. Lenin.

### See also

* Bôn-sê-vích