# mol

| ㏖ | U+33D6, &#13270; SQUARE MOL |
| ← ㏕ [U+33D5] | CJK Compatibility | ㏗ → [U+33D7] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

mol
* (chemistry) mole.

## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Mol (1897).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /məʊl/
* (US) IPA: /mol/, /moʊl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊl

### Noun

mol (plural mols)
* (chemistry, physics, dated) Alternative spelling of mole

#### Synonyms

* gram molecule

### Anagrams

* olm, LOM, OML, Lom, LMO, oml

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch mol, from Middle Dutch mol, from Old Dutch mol, mul, from Proto-West Germanic *mol, from Proto-Germanic *mulaz.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mol (plural molle, diminutive molletjie)
* mole, mammal of the family Talpidae; also used of some similar but not closely related mammals.

#### Usage notes

* Due to the abscence of "true" (talpid) moles in Africa, in everyday conversation the term may more commonly be applied to African mammals similar but not closely related to moles, such as golden moles and blesmols.

#### Derived terms

* blindemol
* gouemol

## Blagar
### Noun

mol
* banana

### References

* A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

## Breton
### Etymology

From German Mol.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmoːl/

### Noun

mol m (plural moloù)
* (physics) mole

## Catalan
### Verb

mol
* inflection of moldre:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmol]
* Hyphenation: mol

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *moľь.

#### Noun

mol m anim (relational adjective molí)
* a moth belonging to the family Tineidae; a fungus moth

##### See also

* housenka
* motýl

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

mol m inan
* mole (SI unit of measure)

##### Related terms

* molární

### Further reading

* “mol”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “mol”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “mol”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɒl

#### Noun

mol
* mole (unit of amount of substance)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From German Moll, from Latin mollis (“soft”).

#### Noun

mol
* (music) minor
    Coordinate term: dur
** 2014, Ulrik Spang-Hanssen, Musikken imellem noderne: Swing i klassisk musik, ISD LLC, →ISBN:Alfred Cortots indspilning af Chopins vals i a-mol; ...Alfred Cortot's recording of Chopin's waltz in A minor; ...

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mol
* Rhymes: -ɔl

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch mol, from Old Dutch mol, mul, from Proto-West Germanic *mol, from Proto-Germanic *mulaz.

#### Noun

mol m (plural mollen, diminutive molletje n)
* a mole, any insectivore of the family Talpidae
* a European mole, Talpa europaea
* a mole, an infiltrator, an infiltrant
    Synonym: infiltrant

##### Derived terms

* borstelmol
* buidelmol
* goudmol
* mollengang
* mollenklem
* mollenrit
* mollenval
* molrat
* molsalamander
* molshoop
* stermol
* veenmol
* watermol

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French mol.

#### Noun

mol f (plural mollen)
* (music) flat (musical note)

##### Descendants

* → Indonesian: mol

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Mol.

#### Noun

mol f (plural molen)
* (chemistry) a mole (unit of chemical quantity)

##### Usage notes

The plural molen is not commonly used.

##### Derived terms

* molair
* molariteit
* nanomol

##### Descendants

* → Indonesian: mol

### Anagrams

* olm

## Franco-Provençal
### Noun

mol (Old Lyonnais)
* Alternative form of mul (“male mule”)

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mūlus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 211

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔl/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

mol
* form of mou used in the masculine singular before a vowel sound

### Further reading

* “mol”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin mollis.

### Adjective

mol
* soft
* flabby
* flexible

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese mole, from Latin mollis (“soft, weak”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔl/

#### Adjective

mol m or f (plural moles)
* soft
** 1409, G. Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de medicina equorum" de Joradanus Ruffus, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 172:filla o vinagre ben forte e a greda alva muda et pouco de sal ben mundo, e amasa todo moi ben ata que se faça ende ũa pasta moletake a strong vinegar and ground white clay and a little salt, finely ground, and mix very well everything till it becames a soft paste
* flexible, pliant
* weak, lacking strength
* (informal, dated) wine (from viño mol, "soft wine")
** 1421, Margot Sponer (ed.), "Documentos antiguos de Galicia", in Anuari de l'Oficina Románica de Lingüística i Literatura, 7, page 60:
    douſ canadoσ de bjnõ mole aa bica do lagar por la medida de Monfortetwo canados [64 liters] of soft wine in the winery, as they are measured in Monforte

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “soft”): duro

##### Derived terms

* amolecer
* amolegar
* esmolicar
* molar
* ollomol (“blackspot sea bream”)
* óso mol (“cartilage”)

### Etymology 2

From German Mol.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔl/

#### Noun

mol m (plural moles)
* (chemistry, physics) mole (in the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12)

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mole”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “mole”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mol”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mol”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mol”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔl/
* Rhymes: -mɔl, -ɔl, -l
* Hyphenation: mol

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

#### Noun

mol (plural mol-mol)
* (chemistry) A mole (unit of chemical quantity).

##### Related terms

* molar
* molaritas

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.

#### Noun

mol (plural mol-mol)
* (music) flat (musical note)
    Synonym: flat (Standard Malay)

##### Derived terms

* mol ganda

### References

* ↑ Nicoline van der Sijs (2010) Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎, Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC
* ↑ Nicoline van der Sijs (2010) Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎, Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “mol” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /mˠɔl̪ˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /mˠɔlˠ/, /mˠɔl̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /mˠʌlˠ/, /mˠʌl̪ˠ/
* Homophone: moll (some dialects)

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish molaid, from Old Irish molaidir, from Proto-Celtic *molātor. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic mol, Manx moyl.

#### Verb

mol (present analytic molann, future analytic molfaidh, verbal noun moladh, past participle molta)
* to commend, nominate, propose, praise, recommend, suggest
    Mhol mo mhúinteoir mé.My teacher praised me.

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | moladh | moladh | moladh | moladh | moladh | moladh | moladh | moladh |
| past participle | molta | molta | molta | molta | molta | molta | molta | molta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | molaim | molann tú; molair$^†$ | molann sé, sí | molaimid | molann sibh | molann siad; molaid$^†$ | a mholann; a mholas / a molann* | moltar |
| past | mhol mé; mholas | mhol tú; mholais | mhol sé, sí | mholamar; mhol muid | mhol sibh; mholabhair | mhol siad; mholadar | a mhol / ar mhol* | moladh |
| past habitual | mholainn / molainn‡‡ | mholtá / moltá‡‡ | mholadh sé, sí / moladh sé, sí‡‡ | mholaimis; mholadh muid / molaimis‡‡; moladh muid‡‡ | mholadh sibh / moladh sibh‡‡ | mholaidís; mholadh siad / molaidís‡‡; moladh siad‡‡ | a mholadh / a moladh* | mholtaí / moltaí‡‡ |
| future | molfaidh mé; molfad | molfaidh tú; molfair$^†$ | molfaidh sé, sí | molfaimid; molfaidh muid | molfaidh sibh | molfaidh siad; molfaid$^†$ | a mholfaidh; a mholfas / a molfaidh* | molfar |
| conditional | mholfainn / molfainn‡‡ | mholfá / molfá‡‡ | mholfadh sé, sí / molfadh sé, sí‡‡ | mholfaimis; mholfadh muid / molfaimis‡‡; molfadh muid‡‡ | mholfadh sibh / molfadh sibh‡‡ | mholfaidís; mholfadh siad / molfaidís‡‡; molfadh siad‡‡ | a mholfadh / a molfadh* | mholfaí / molfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go mola mé; go molad$^†$ | go mola tú; go molair$^†$ | go mola sé, sí | go molaimid; go mola muid | go mola sibh | go mola siad; go molaid$^†$ | — | go moltar |
| past | dá molainn | dá moltá | dá moladh sé, sí | dá molaimis; dá moladh muid | dá moladh sibh | dá molaidís; dá moladh siad | — | dá moltaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | molaim | mol | moladh sé, sí | molaimis | molaigí; molaidh$^†$ | molaidís | — | moltar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Derived terms

* adhmhol
* dímhol
* moltóir m (“referee”)

#### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “molaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 494
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “mol”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish mol (“axle”).

#### Noun

mol m (genitive singular moil, nominative plural moil)
* hub (center part of wheel), nave
    mol rotha ― nave or hub of a wheel
* (transport) hub (point where many routes meet)
* (networking) hub (computer networking device)
* (mechanics) boss (projection in centre of shield; protrusion)
    mol liáin ― boss of a propeller
* (geography) pole (of the earth)
* (rotating) shaft (any long, thin object)
    mol muilinn ― shaft of a millstone
* (mechanical engineering) spindle (rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool)
* newel (central pillar of staircase)
    mol staighre ― newel of a staircase
* top, protuberant part
    mol uibhe ― top of an egg
    mol sléibhe ― a mountain top
    ar mhol a dhá ghlún ― on his bended knees (literally, “on the protuberant parts of his two knees”)

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
mol
moil
vocative
a mhoil
a mhola
genitive
moil
mol
dative
mol
moil
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an mol
na moil
genitive
an mhoil
na mol
dative
leis an mol don mhol
leis na moil :

##### Derived terms

* Mol Thuaidh (“North Pole”)
* Mol Theas (“South Pole”)

#### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “mol”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 494
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “mol”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 203, page 78
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “molaid “to praise””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 mol “axle””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Lote
### Numeral

mol
* three

### References

* Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)

## Lower Sorbian
### Noun

mol m anim
* Superseded spelling of mól.

#### Declension
## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [moːl]

### Adverb

mol
* times (indicating multiplication of two numbers)
    dräi mol dräi ass néngthree times three is nine

### Verb

mol
* second-person singular imperative of molen

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mulaz, *mulhaz (“mole, salamander”), from Proto-Indo-European *molg-, *molk- (“slug, salamander”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)melw- (“to grind, crush, beat”). Cognate with North Frisian mull (“mole”), Saterland Frisian molle (“mole”), Low German Mol, Mul (“mole”), German Molch (“salamander, newt”), Old Russian смолжь (smolžʹ, “snail”), Czech mlž (“clam”).

### Noun

mol m
* mole (animal)

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: mol
* Limburgish: mól

### Further reading

* “mol (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “mol (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

## Middle English
### Noun

mol
* Alternative form of molle (“rubbish”)

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German māl, from Old High German māl, from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą (“measurement; time; meal”). Cognate with German Mal, Mahl, English meal.

### Noun

mol n
* meal

#### Related terms

* molzait

### References

* “mol” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* malte

### Verb

mol
* simple past of male (Etymology 2)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From German Mol, a clipping of Gramm-Molekül.

#### Noun

mol n (definite singular molet, indefinite plural mol, definite plural mola)
* (chemistry, physics) mole

##### Related terms

* molekyl

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse mǫl f.

#### Alternative forms

* mòl (alternative spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moːl/
* Homophone: mål

#### Noun

mol m (definite singular molen, indefinite plural molar, definite plural molane)
* a bank of gravel beach
* hard sand found under soil

##### Related terms

* mel m

### Etymology 3

Compare mole, and Icelandic mol (“crushing”).

#### Noun

mol f (definite singular mola, indefinite plural moler, definite plural molene)
* small pieces
* food waste, fish waste

### Etymology 4

Compare Swedish moln (“cloud”). Compare also Danish mul (“rain cloud”). Ivar Aasen seems to doubt clarity of this word’s origin and cognates.

#### Alternative forms

* mòl (alternative spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moːl/
* Homophone: mål

#### Noun

mol f (definite singular mola, uncountable)
* (collective, Trøndelag dialect) small and spread-out clouds

### Etymology 5

From Old Norse mǫlr (“moth”), in reference to the way in which they grind things down by eating.

#### Noun

mol m (definite singular molen, indefinite plural molar, definite plural molane)
* Alternative spelling of mòl, (pre-2012) alternative form of møll

### Etymology 6

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mol
* past of mala

### Etymology 7

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mol
* imperative of mola

### References

* 1 2 3 4 “mol” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* lom, mol, mòl, olm

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *molos, from Proto-Indo-European *molós, from *melh₂- (“to grind”) +‎ *-ós (agent suffix).

### Noun

mol m (genitive muil)
* shaft of a mill

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: mol (“hub, shaft”)
* Scottish Gaelic: mul (“axis, axle-tree”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mol”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔl
* Syllabification: mol

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English mole.

#### Noun

mol m inan (related adjective molowy or molalny)
* (chemistry, physics) mole (unit of amount)
* (chemistry, physics) gram molecule (amount of a compound whose mass in grams is that of its molecular weight)
    Synonym: gramocząsteczka

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

mol n
* genitive plural of molo

### Further reading

* mol in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mol in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* mole (Portugal)

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Mol (“mole”), shortened form of Molekulargewicht (“molecular weight”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmɔw/ [ˈmɔʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈmɔl/ [ˈmɔɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈmɔl/ [ˈmɔɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈmɔ.li/
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɔl, (Brazil) -ɔw
* Hyphenation: mol

### Noun

mol m (plural mols or moles) (Brazilian Portuguese spelling)
* mole (unit of amount)

#### Usage notes

In Portugal, mol is used to designate solely the symbol mol.

#### Related terms

* molar

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Romani mol (“wine”).

#### Noun

mol n (plural moluri)
* (slang) wine

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Mol.

#### Noun

mol m (plural moli)
* (chemistry) mole (unit)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from French môle.

#### Noun

mol n (plural moluri)
* breakwater, mole, groyne

##### Declension
## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mol/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish molaid, from Old Irish molaidir, from Proto-Celtic *molātor. Cognate with Irish mol, Manx moyl.

#### Verb

mol (past mhol, future molaidh, verbal noun moladh, past participle molta)
* praise
* recommend

##### Derived terms

* mì-mhol

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse möl (“gravel”).

#### Noun

mol m (genitive singular moil, plural molan)
* shingly beach

### Etymology 3

From English mole.

#### Noun

mol m (genitive singular moil, plural molaichean)
* mole (structure)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* mólo, mȗl

### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian molo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /môːl/

### Noun

mȏl m (Cyrillic spelling мо̑л)
* dock, pier (for ships)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “mol”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology 1

Shortening of molécula

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmol/ [ˈmol]
* Rhymes: -ol
* Syllabification: mol

#### Noun

mol m (plural moles)
* mole (unit)
    Synonym: molécula gramo

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Guanche [Term?].

#### Noun

mol m (plural moles)
* (Canarian) Artemisia thuscula
    Synonyms: incienso canario, ajenjo de Canarias

### Further reading

* “mol”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Adverb

mol (not comparable)
* (in some expressions and compounds) completely
    mol allenaall alone

### Noun

mol c
* (chemistry, physics) mole (unit of amount of substance)

#### Declension
### References

* mol in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* mol in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* mol in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَال (māl).

### Noun

mol (plural mollar)
* livestock
* property, possessions

#### Declension
## Vietnamese
### Noun

mol
* (chemistry, physics) a mole

#### Usage notes

* Always pronounced with a final /n/ (despite this recommended spelling in textbooks), even in southern dialects.

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔl/

### Noun

mol
* nasal mutation of of bol

## Yurok
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔl/

### Noun

mol
* dung