# 蒿

| 蒿 | U+84BF, &#33983; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84BF |
| ← 蒾 [U+84BE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蓀 → [U+84C0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蒿 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口月 (TYRB), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱艹高)
* mugwort, artemisia
* give off

#### Derived characters

* 嚆 𡽝 𣝏 𤢨 𥖰 𬞩 𦿣 𧂕 𮬕 𧂎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1050, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31634
* Dae Jaweon: page 1512, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3267, character 15
* Unihan data for U+84BF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蒿 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 高 | *kaːw |
| 膏 | *kaːw, *kaːws |
| 篙 | *kaːw |
| 稿 | *kaːwʔ |
| 稾 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws |
| 槁 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ |
| 縞 | *kaːwʔ, *kaːws |
| 暠 | *kaːwʔ |
| 槀 | *kaːwʔ |
| 藁 | *kaːwʔ |
| 燺 | *kʰaːwʔ |
| 薧 | *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw |
| 犒 | *kʰaːws |
| 蒿 | *qʰaːw |
| 藃 | *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw |
| 豪 | *ɡaːw |
| 毫 | *ɡaːw |
| 壕 | *ɡaːw |
| 濠 | *ɡaːw |
| 鎬 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 滈 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 鄗 | *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 鰝 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 薃 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 搞 | *kruːʔ |
| 敲 | *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws |
| 髇 | *qʰraːw |
| 嗃 | *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 巐 | *kʰl'awʔ |
| 歊 | *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ |
| 謞 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 熇 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 碻 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 塙 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 毃 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 翯 | *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ |
| 瀥 | *qʰraːwɢ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hāo (hao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hou$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ho͘ / ho / o / e / er
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$hau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hao
*** Wade–Giles: hao$^1$
*** Yale: hāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hau
*** Palladius: хао (xao)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hou$^1$
*** Yale: hōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hou̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho͘
*** Tâi-lô: hoo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho
*** Tâi-lô: ho
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
*** Tâi-lô: o
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /o³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e
*** Tâi-lô: e
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /e³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /e⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: er
*** Tâi-lô: er
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ə³³/
* ho͘/ho - literary;
* o/e/er - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: xaw
Rime :
| Character | 蒿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼毛切 |
| Baxter | xaw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haw/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蒿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xaw › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁaw/ |
| English | Artemisia |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蒿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3744 |
| Phonetic component | 高 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒿 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaːw/ |

### Definitions

蒿
* Artemisia (mugwort; wormwood; sagebrush)
* (in compounds) an Artemisia-like plant
    茼蒿 ― tónghāo ― Glebionis coronaria
    角蒿 ― jiǎohāo ― Incarvillea sinensis
    麥蒿／麦蒿 ― màihāo ― Descurainia sophia
* evaporating; emitting (scents)
* Alternative form of 耗 (“to consume; to use up”)
* Used in 蒿目.
* a surname, Hao

#### Synonyms

* (wormwood): 蒿草 (hāocǎo)

### Compounds

* 奇蒿
* 焄蒿
* 牡蒿 (mǔhāo)
* 白蒿
* 茼蒿 (tónghāo)
* 茵蔯蒿 / 茵𫈟蒿 (yīnchénhāo)
* 茵陳蒿 / 茵陈蒿 (yīnchénhāo)
* 莪蒿
* 蒿坪 (Hāopíng)
* 蒿宮 / 蒿宫
* 蒿廬 / 蒿庐
* 蒿惱 / 蒿恼
* 蒿然
* 蒿目
* 蒿目時艱 / 蒿目时艰
* 蒿草 (hāocǎo)
* 蒿萊 / 蒿莱
* 蒿里
* 蔞蒿 / 蒌蒿
* 蓬蒿 (pénghāo)
* 蓬蒿人
* 蓬蒿滿徑 / 蓬蒿满径
* 青蒿 (qīnghāo)

### Further reading

* “蒿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* wormwood

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: きえる (kieru, 蒿える)、つかれる (tsukareru, 蒿れる)、よもぎ (yomogi, 蒿)

#### Compounds

* 蒿雀(あおじ) (aoji)
* 蒿(こう)焉(えん) (kōen)
* 蒿(こう)艾(がい) (kōgai)
* 蒿(こう)矢(し) (kōshi)
* 蒿(こう)里(り) (kōri)
* 蒿(こう)藜(れい) (kōrei)
* 蒿(こう)廬(ろ) (kōro)
* 茵(いん)陳(ちん)蒿(こう) (inchinkō)
* 艾(がい)蒿(こう) (gaikō)
* 莪(が)蒿(こう) (gakō)
* 黄(こう)蒿(こう) (kōkō)
* 茼(とう)蒿(こう) (tōkō)
* 伴(ばん)蒿(こう)蹊(けい) (bankōkei)
* 蓬(ほう)蒿(こう) (hōkō)
* 抱(ほう)娘(じょう)蒿(こう) (hōjōkō)
* 牡(ぼ)蒿(こう) (bokō)
* 蘿(ら)蒿(こう) (rakō)
* 蔞(ろう)蒿(こう) (rōkō)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蒿 (MC xaw).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [호]

### Hanja

Wikisource 蒿 (eumhun 쑥 호 (ssuk ho))
* mugwort

#### Compounds

* 동호 (茼蒿, dongho)
* 백호 (白蒿, baekho)
* 봉호 (蓬蒿, bongho)
* 애호 (艾蒿, aeho)
* 자호 (藉蒿, jaho)
* 천호 (天蒿, cheonho)
* 청호 (菁蒿, cheongho)
* 청호 (靑蒿, cheongho)
* 초호 (草蒿, choho)
* 협호 (莢蒿, hyeopho)
* 호공 (蒿工, hogong)
* 호래 (蒿來, horae)
* 호려 (蒿廬, horyeo)
* 호리 (蒿里, hori)
* 호목 (蒿目, homok)
* 호시 (蒿矢, hosi)
* 호애 (蒿艾, hoae)
* 호작 (蒿雀, hojak)
* 호척 (蒿脊, hocheok)
* 훈호처창 (焄蒿悽愴, hunhocheochang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蒿: Hán Việt readings: hao
蒿: Nôm readings: khao
* chữ Hán form of hao (“artemisia”).
* chữ Nôm form of khao (“garland chrysanthemum”).

### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).