# 犴

| 犴 | U+72B4, &#29364; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72B4 |
| ← 犳 [U+72B3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 犵 → [U+72B5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

犴 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大竹一十 (KHMJ), four-corner 4144$_0$, composition ⿰犭干)

#### Derived characters

* 𤞿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20250
* Dae Jaweon: page 1119, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1332, character 4
* Unihan data for U+72B4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
| 肝 | *kaːn |
| 竿 | *kaːn |
| 干 | *kaːn |
| 奸 | *kaːn |
| 玕 | *kaːn |
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 迀 | *kaːn |
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 鳱 | *kaːn |
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ |
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ |
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ |
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ |
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ |
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ |
| 旰 | *kaːns |
| 盰 | *kaːns |
| 幹 | *kaːns |
| 杆 | *kaːns |
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ |
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ |
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ |
| 刊 | *kʰaːn |
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn |
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
| 虷 | *ɡaːn |
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 釬 | *ɡaːns |
| 扞 | *ɡaːns |
| 閈 | *ɡaːns |
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 悍 | *ɡaːns |
| 銲 | *ɡaːns |
| 垾 | *ɡaːns |
| 駻 | *ɡaːns |
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
| 娨 | *ɡraːns |
| 飦 | *kan |
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
| 軒 | *qʰan |
| 蓒 | *qʰan |
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

### Etymology 1

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “are "dog" and "prison" related? Jiyun suggests that the "prison" sense derives from "dog" (which guard the prison). Connection could also arise from 狴犴? Schuessler derives this word from 圄/圉.”

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): àn, hàn (an$^4$, han$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄢˋ, ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngon$^6$ / hon$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àn
*** Wade–Giles: an$^4$
*** Yale: àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
*** Palladius: ань (anʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngon$^6$ / hon$^6$
*** Yale: ngohn / hohn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngon$^6$ / hon$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngon$^6$ / hon$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːn²²/, /hɔːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
*** Tâi-lô: gān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡan⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ngan, nganH
Rime :
| Character | 犴 | 犴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 俄寒切 | 五旰切 |
| Baxter | ngan | nganH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑn/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑn/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑn/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋan/ | /ŋan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑn/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑn/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑn/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | án | àn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngon$^4$ | ngon$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːn/, /*ŋaːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 犴 | 犴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3599 | 3603 |
| Phonetic component | 干 | 干 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豻 | 岸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːn/ | /*ŋaːns/ |
| Notes | 同豻 | |

#### Definitions

犴
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of wild dog from northern China
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) jail; prison
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 犴圄
* 犴庭
* 犴戶 / 犴户
* 犴狴
* 犴獄 / 犴狱
* 犴訟 / 犴讼
* 狴犴 (bì'àn)
* 獄犴 / 狱犴

### Etymology 2

From Manchu ᡴᠠᠨᡩᠠᡥᠠᠨ (kandahan).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hān, àn (han$^1$, an$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ, ㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hon$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$ / hang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hān
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: han
*** Wade–Giles: han$^1$
*** Yale: hān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àn
*** Wade–Giles: an$^4$
*** Yale: àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
*** Palladius: ань (anʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^4$
*** Yale: hòhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$ / hang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / hâng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/, /haŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

犴
* (Northeastern Mandarin) moose
    Synonym: 駝鹿 / 驼鹿 (tuólù)

### References

* “犴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、がん (gan)

## Korean
### Hanja

犴 • (an) (hangeul 안, revised an, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.