# -nak
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɒk]

### Etymology 1

Case suffix.

#### Suffix

-nak/-nek (dative case suffix)
* to, for
    húg (“younger sister”) → Adtam egy könyvet a húgomnak. ― I gave a book to my little sister.
* 's, of (forms the possessive from the noun of the possessor, along with the ending -a/-e/-ja/-je added to the possession. Often omitted if the act of possession is not the predicate of the sentence.)
    szomszéd (“neighbor”) → A szomszédom(nak a) kertjében áll egy tölgyfa. ― There is an oak in my neighbor’s garden.
    múzeum (“museum”) → A múzeumnak két bejárata van. ― The museum has two entrances.
* Indicates the second, predicative complement of several verbs, e.g. those with a sense like call, name, find, deem, judge (appellation or appraisal)
* as, for (in the function or role specified)
    Ne dobd ki az újságot, jól jöhet még csomagolópapírnak. ― Don't throw out the newspaper, it could come in handy as wrapping paper.
* Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.
    Olcsónak olcsó, de ráférne egy felújítás. ― Cheap as it may be, but it could do with some renovation.

##### Usage notes

* (dative case suffix) Variants:
    -nak is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
       házigazda (“host”) → Ajándékot hoztunk a házigazdának. ― We brought gifts for the host.
    -nek is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
       gyerek (“child”) → Vettem egy játékot a gyereknek. ― I bought a toy for the child.
       körte (“pear”) → A körtének jó íze van. ― The pear tastes good. (literally, “to the pear there is a good flavor”)
       Szépnek szép, de nem valami hasznos. ― Pretty as it may be, but there's not much use of it.
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | unrounded e, é, i, í | rounded ö, ő, ü, ű |
| nominative | — | — | — |
| accusative | -t | -t | -t |
| accusative | -ot / -at | -et | -öt |
| dative | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | -vel |
| causal-final | -ért | -ért | -ért |
| translative | -vá | -vé | -vé |
| terminative | -ig | -ig | -ig |
| essive-formal | -ként | -ként | -ként |
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | -ül |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | -ben |
| superessive | -n | -n | -n |
| superessive | -on | -en | -ön |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | -nél |
| illative | -ba | -be | -be |
| sublative | -ra | -re | -re |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | -ből |
| delative | -ról | -ről | -ről |
| ablative | -tól | -től | -től |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.  alma — almában, but almaként  zene ― zenében, but zeneként ||||

#### See also

* neki
$^1$Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns /

### Etymology 2

Personal suffix.

#### Suffix

-nak
* (personal suffix) Forms the third-person plural and formal second-person plural present tense (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎olvas (“read”) + ‎-nak → ‎olvasnak (“they read, they are reading; (formal) you read, you are reading”)

##### Usage notes

* (personal suffix) Variants:
    -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
       tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. ― The children are not studying enough.
    -nek is added to front-vowel verbs
       énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. ― The birds are singing.
    -anak is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
       tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? ― What do animals teach us?
    -enek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
       fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. ― The children are painting.
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| én | -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | -sz | -sz |
| te | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | -esz |
| te | after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | – | – |
| ő maga ön | -ik verbs | -ik | -ik | -ik |
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | -ünk |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| ti | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| ők maguk önök | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | -enek |
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||

#### See also

* Category:Hungarian terms taking -nak/-nek
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

## Ilocano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nak/

### Pronoun

-nak
* Fused enclitic with second-person singular agent and first-person singular patient; fuses -mo (“you, your”) and -ak (“I, me”)
    Ay-ayatennak? ― Do you love me?
* Fused enclitic with third-person singular agent and first-person singular patient; fuses -na (“he, she, it, his, her, its”) and -ak (“I, me”)
    Imbatinak itattay. ― He/she left me a while ago.

#### Usage notes

* The pronoun is often conflated with -ak in colloquial speech.

### See also

$^1$Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns /