# 彭

| 彭 | U+5F6D, &#24429; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F6D |
| ← 彬 [U+5F6C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 彮 → [U+5F6E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

彭 (Kangxi radical 59, 彡+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿竹竹竹 (GTHHH), four-corner 4212$_2$, composition ⿰壴彡)

#### Derived characters

* 嘭, 憉, 澎, 膨, 蟛, 㱶, 甏, 蟚, 𥛱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 364, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10003
* Dae Jaweon: page 683, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 855, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5F6D

## Chinese

* 彭姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 彭氏 (Cantonese)
* 彭姓 (Gan)
* Phêⁿ (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)
* 彭國 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Peng (surname) (English)
* Dapeng (state) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 彭 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 澎 | *pʰraːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 彭 | *braːŋ |
| 膨 | *braːŋ, *braːŋs |
| 蟚 | *braːŋ |
| 蟛 | *braːŋ |
| 憉 | *braːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): péng (peng$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pen$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): paang$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): pang$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pang$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phàng
    (Hailu, HRS): pang
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pang$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): peng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): pâng
* Eastern Min (BUC): pàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pa$^2$ / paⁿ$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phîⁿ / phêⁿ / phêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pên$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ban
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ben$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: péng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: péng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: péng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
*** Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pen$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pen
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰən²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paang$^4$
*** Yale: pàahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: pang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: pang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰaŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pang
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰaŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: peng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pâng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: pàng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pa$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰa¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: paⁿ$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰã¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phîⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: phînn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvii
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /pʰĩ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: phênn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰẽ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɛ̃¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêng
*** Tâi-lô: phîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pheeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ¹³/
* phîⁿ/phêⁿ - vernacular (surname);
* phêng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit彭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰoŋ¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /bã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /bən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /boŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /biɛ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰan⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /bən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰɑŋ²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰaŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰɑŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰiŋ³⁵/ /pʰĩ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /foŋ³¹/ /fɛ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: baeng
Rime :
| Character | 彭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 薄庚切 |
| Baxter | baeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /baŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | péng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[b]ˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*braːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | péng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[b]ˁraŋ/ |
| English | (place name) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 彭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9681 |
| Phonetic component | 彭 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 彭 |
| Old Chinese | /*braːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

彭
* (onomatopoeia, obsolete) sound of drumming
* Name of an ancient country.
* a surname
    彭德懷／彭德怀 ― Péng Déhuái ― Peng Dehuai (Chinese military leader)

#### Compounds

* 三彭
* 八彭 (Bāpéng)
* 加彭 (Jiāpéng)
* 彭亨 (Pénghēng)
* 彭佳 (Péngjiā)
* 彭佳嶼 / 彭佳屿 (Péngjiāyǔ)
* 彭侯
* 彭公案
* 彭城 (Péngchéng)
* 彭場 / 彭场 (Péngchǎng)
* 彭女山
* 彭家嶺 / 彭家岭 (Péngjiālǐng)
* 彭家灣 / 彭家湾 (Péngjiāwān)
* 彭巴草原
* 彭店 (Péngdiàn)
* 彭張 / 彭张
* 彭排
* 彭殤 / 彭殇
* 彭湃
* 彭澤 / 彭泽 (Péngzé)
* 彭澤宰 / 彭泽宰
* 彭畈 (Péngfàn)
* 彭祖
* 彭聃
* 彭莊 / 彭庄 (Péngzhuāng)
* 彭蠡
* 彭蠡湖
* 彭越
* 彭郎磯 / 彭郎矶
* 彭門山 / 彭门山
* 彭陽 / 彭阳 (Péngyáng, “Pengyang”)
* 彭龍 / 彭龙 (Pénglóng)
* 朱彭 (Zhūpéng)

#### Descendants

* → English: Peng, P'eng, Pang, Pee

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páng (pang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$
*** Yale: páng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹/

#### Definitions

彭
* Alternative form of 旁 (“side; near”)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāng (bang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bang
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^1$
*** Yale: bāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bang
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bong$^1$
*** Yale: bōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

彭
* Only used in 彭彭.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ほう (hō)
* Kun: ゆく (yuku)、みち (michi)、さかん (sakan)
* Nanori: みつる (mitsuru)

## Korean
### Hanja

彭 • (paeng, bang) (hangeul 팽, 방, revised paeng, bang, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, pang, Yale phayng, pang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

彭: Hán Việt readings: bành (蒲(bồ)庚(canh)切(thiết))
彭: Nôm readings: bành, phình
* Chữ Hán form of Bành (“a surname from Chinese”).
* chữ Nôm form of bành.

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).