# 蚤

| 蚤 | U+86A4, &#34468; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-86A4 |
| ← 蚣 [U+86A3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蚥 → [U+86A5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蚤 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈中一戈 (EILMI), four-corner 1713$_6$, composition ⿱㕚虫(TJKV) or ⿱叉虫(G))

#### Derived characters

* 𠋺, 𠹏, 𢔳, 慅, 搔(掻), 溞, 𤠘, 𣉔, 㮻, 𤔢, 瑵, 𦞣, 糔, 𦃐, 𧎇, 𨃣, 𧒕, 騷(骚), 鰠(鳋)
* 㲧, 颾(𩙫), 𦻩, 𥰱, 𩮚, 鼜, 瘙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1078, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32893
* Dae Jaweon: page 1547, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2836, character 3
* Unihan data for U+86A4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蚤 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蚤 | *ʔsuːʔ |
| 慅 | *sʰuːʔ, *suː |
| 騷 | *suː |
| 搔 | *suː |
| 鰠 | *suː |
| 溞 | *suː |
| 颾 | *suː |
| 瘙 | *suːs |
| 瑵 | *ʔsruːʔ |
| 糔 | *suʔ |
| 鼜 | *sʰɯːwɢ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 虫 (“insect”) + 㕚 (“claw”) – a scratching insect/pest.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǎo (zao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zou$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cháu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zao$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tsao$^3$
*** Yale: dzǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzao
*** Palladius: цзао (czao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^2$
*** Yale: jóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu
*** Tâi-lô: tsáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zao$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsáu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: tsawX
Rime :
| Character | 蚤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 子晧切 |
| Baxter | tsawX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤuʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蚤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsaw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsˁuʔ/ |
| English | flea |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蚤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16552 |
| Phonetic component | 蚤 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 早 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsuːʔ/ |

### Definitions

蚤
* flea
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 早
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Zǎo qǐ, yí cóng liángrén zhī suǒ zhī. [Pinyin]
    Accordingly, she got up early in the morning, and privately followed wherever her husband went.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 蚤 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 跳蚤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 虼子, 跳蚤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 跳蚤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 虼蚤, 虼子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 跳兒蚤, 跳子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 虼蚤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 虼蚤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 虼蚤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 虼蚤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 虼蚤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 虼子, 跳蚤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 虼蚤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 虼子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 虼蚤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 虼蚤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 虼蚤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 虼蚤, 跳蚤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跳蚤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跳蚤, 狗蝨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 虼蚤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 虼蚤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 虼蚤 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 跳蝨, 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 跳蚤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 狗蝨, 沙蝨 small |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 跳蝨, 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 跳蝨, 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 狗蝨 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 狗蝨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 虼蚤 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 跳蚤 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 狗蚤 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Changting | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 狗蚤 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 狗蚤 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 狗蚤 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 狗蚤 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 跳蚤 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蝨嫲 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 狗蝨 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 狗蝨 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 虼蚤 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 虼蚤 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 虼蚤 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 虼蚤, 狗蝨 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 狗蝨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 虼蚤, 跳蚤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 虼蚤, 跳蚤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 虼蚤, 跳蚤 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 狗蝨 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蝨 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 跳蚤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 虼蚤 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 虼蚤 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狗蝨 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蚤蝨, 跳蝨, 鑽佬 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 跳蝨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 跳蝨 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 跳蚤 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 跳蚤, 蚤 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 虼蚤, 狗蝨, 虼蚤子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 狗子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 狗子 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 狗蚤 |

### Compounds

* 劍水蚤 / 剑水蚤 (jiànshuǐzǎo)
* 水蚤 (shuǐzǎo)
* 狗蚤
* 米蚤
* 花蚤
* 虼蚤 (gèzao)
* 蚤達 / 蚤达
* 跳蚤
* 跳蚤市場 / 跳蚤市场

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: のみ (nomi, 蚤)、はやい (hayai)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 蚤
* のみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Possibly derived from 飲み (nomi), the nominalized 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 飲む (nomu, “to drink”), from the way that fleas drink the host's blood.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) のみ [nòmíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [no̞mʲi]

### Noun

蚤(のみ) or 蚤(ノミ) • (nomi)
* flea (parasitic insect)

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ノミ.

#### Derived terms

* 蚤(のみ)の市(いち) (nomi no ichi): a flea market
* 蚤(ノミ)の衾(フスマ) (nomi no fusuma)

#### Idioms

* 蚤(のみ)が茶臼(ちゃうす) (nomi ga chausu): “[like] a flea [carrying] a tea mortar” → a metaphor for an unreasonable or infeasible hope

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

蚤 (eum 조 (jo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* flea

#### Readings

* Kun: ぬみ (numi, 蚤)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 蚤
* ぬみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Cognate with Japanese 蚤 (nomi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /numi/

### Noun

蚤(ぬみ) (numi)
* flea

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蚤: Hán Nôm readings: tao
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.