# 瓣

| 瓣 | U+74E3, &#29923; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74E3 |
| ← 瓢 [U+74E2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瓤 → [U+74E4] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 弁 |
| Simplified | 瓣 |
| Traditional | 瓣 |

### Alternative forms

* 弁 (Japanese simplified form which also covers 辨 and 辯)

### Han character

瓣 (Kangxi radical 97, 瓜+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜十竹人十 (YJHOJ), four-corner 0044$_1$, composition ⿲辛瓜辛)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 747, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21425
* Dae Jaweon: page 1155, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4043, character 12
* Unihan data for U+74E3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瓣 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 辬 | *praːn |
| 瓣 | *breːns |
| 辦 | *breːns |
| 辨 | *breːns, *brenʔ |
| 辡 | *prenʔ, *brenʔ |
| 辯 | *brenʔ |
| 辮 | *beːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *breːns): phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 瓜 (“melon”). However, the phonetic component (the reduplication of the knife to mark prisoners) perhaps symbolizes two prisoners accusing each other, which then leads to the concept of "discrimination, differentiation" and finally to the concept of "part, segment, what is differentiated", originally referred to melon seeds.

### Etymology
#### "segment, section, piece"

    Exopassive of 辨 (OC *brenʔ, “to divide, distinguish, discriminate”); possibly in the same word-family as another exopassive 釆 (“[to cause to be] divided”). These three thus may be related to either 班 (OC *praːn, “to distribute → to arrange, classify → class, group”) or Mizo pʰel (“to split, cut in halves”) (with medial *-r- dropped after labial initials according to Mizo phonotactics) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### "petal"

    Either same etymon as "segment, section, piece"; or same etymon as *葩 (OC *pʰraː, “flower”); or related to 燔 (OC *ban, “to burn”), if so, semantically parallel to Tibetan མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower”), literally "fire-top".

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bàn (ban$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ban$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baan$^6$ / faan$^6$ / baan$^{6-2}$ / faan$^{6-2}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pan$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phan
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pān / bān
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pe; $^6$be
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàn
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^4$
*** Yale: bàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bann
*** Palladius: бань (banʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (瓣兒 / 瓣儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bànr
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bànr
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: bànr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ball
*** Palladius: баньр (banʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑɻ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ban$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ban
*** Sinological IPA : /pan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baan$^6$ / faan$^6$ / baan$^{6-2}$ / faan$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: baahn / faahn / báan / fáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baan$^6$ / faan$^6$ / baan$^{6-2}$ / faan$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ban$^6$ / fan$^6$ / ban$^{6-2}$ / fan$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːn²²/, /faːn²²/, /paːn²²⁻³⁵/, /faːn²²⁻³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰan²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phan
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pān
*** Tâi-lô: pān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pan
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pan³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān
*** Tâi-lô: bān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ban
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ban³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pe; $^6$be
*** MiniDict: pe$^去$; be$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pe; $^3$be
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe³⁴/, /be²³/
* Middle Chinese: beanH
Rime :
| Character | 瓣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 蒲莧切 |
| Baxter | beanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠɛn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚæn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bəɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bæn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱăn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*breːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瓣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 781 |
| Phonetic component | 辡 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瓣 |
| Old Chinese | /*breːns/ |

### Definitions

瓣
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) melon seeds
* petal
* segment; section; piece; clove (of garlic)
    Nǐ zài zhème táoqì, fēi bǎ pìgǔ shuāi chéng bā bànr bùkě! [Pinyin]
    If you keep on being this naughty, you'll fall down and split your butt into eight pieces!
* (medicine) Short for 瓣膜 (bànmó, “valve”).
    二尖瓣 ― èrjiānbàn ― mitral valve; bicuspid valve
* Classifier for pieces and segments, such as those of (cut-up) fruits or petals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
* (Cantonese) Classifier for domains of activity.; field
    瓣瓣掂 [Cantonese] ― faan$^6$ faan$^6$ dim$^6$ [Jyutping] ― great at everything; versatile

### Compounds

* 一瓣心香
* 三尖瓣 (sānjiānbàn)
* 三瓣嘴
* 主動脈瓣 / 主动脉瓣 (zhǔdòngmài bàn)
* 乳瓣
* 二尖瓣 (èrjiānbàn)
* 八瓣兒五 / 八瓣儿五
* 半月瓣 (bànyuèbàn)
* 合瓣花冠
* 心瓣 (xīnbàn)
* 心瓣膜 (xīnbànmó)
* 心臟瓣 / 心脏瓣
* 旗瓣
* 活瓣
* 瓣膜 (bànmó)
* 瓣香
* 瓣鰓類 / 瓣鳃类
* 翼瓣
* 脣瓣 / 唇瓣
* 花瓣 (huābàn)
* 花葯瓣 / 花药瓣
* 蒜瓣兒 / 蒜瓣儿
* 蒜瓣骨朵
* 豆瓣醬 / 豆瓣酱 (dòubànjiàng)
* 豬心瓣膜 / 猪心瓣膜
* 辣瓣兒醬 / 辣瓣儿酱 (làbànrjiàng)
* 迴盲瓣 / 回盲瓣 (huímángbàn)
* 重瓣胃 (chóngbànwèi)
* 離瓣花冠 / 离瓣花冠

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 弁 |
| Kyūjitai | 瓣 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 弁)
* flower petal
* valve

#### Readings

* Go-on: べん (ben)
* Kan-on: はん (han)
* Kun: はなびら (hanabira, 瓣)

#### Compounds

* 安(あん)全(ぜん)瓣(べん) (anzenben)
* 花(か)瓣(べん) (kaben)
* 豆(とう)瓣(べん)醤(しょう) (tōbenshō)
* 逆(ぎゃく)止(し)瓣(べん) (gyakushiben, “check valve”)

### Noun

瓣(べん) • (ben)
* (anatomy) valve (membranous partition, flap, or fold, which allows flow in only one direction, e.g. a heart valve)
* valve (device that controls the flow of a fluid through a pipe)

#### Synonyms

* (valve: in anatomy): 瓣膜(べんまく) (benmaku) / 弁膜(べんまく) (benmaku)
* (valve: device): バルブ (barubu)

### Counter

瓣(べん) • (-ben)
* flower petals

#### Usage notes

In Japanese shinjitai, 瓣, 辨, and 辯 have all been simplified to one character, 弁.

## Korean
### Hanja

瓣 (eum 판 (pan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瓣: Hán Nôm readings: bẹ, biện
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.