# mes
## English
### Noun

mes
* plural of me
    If I travelled back in time to witness my own birth, would there be two mes?

### Anagrams

* EMS, EMs, Ems, MSE, SEM, SME, Sem, ems, sem

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch mes, from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mes (plural messe)
* knife

#### Derived terms

* knipmes
* slagmes

#### Descendants

* → Zulu: umese
** Fanagalo: mes (or directly)

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* midis

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *meTi, *meTśi-, from Proto-Indo-European *me-t/dhi (“with, middle”), ultimately from *medʰyo-. Cognate to Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌸 (miþ, “with”). It might represent a devoiced variant of mez. A loan from Modern Greek μέσος (mésos, “in the middle”) is not excluded.

### Noun

mes m (plural mese, definite mesi, definite plural meset)
* middle

#### Derived terms

* mesditë
* mesnatë

#### See also

* midis

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin mensis.

### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* month

### References

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “mes”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Aromanian
### Etymology

From Latin mensis.

### Noun

mes m (plural mesh)
* month

#### Synonyms

* (month): lunã

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin mensis.

### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* month

## Atong (India)
### Etymology

Cognate with Garo mes. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Noun

mes
* sheep

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan mes, from Latin mēnsem (“month”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”). Compare Occitan mes, French mois, Spanish mes.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmes]
* Homophone: més
* Rhymes: -es

#### Noun

mes m (plural mesos)
* month

##### Derived terms

* mesada

##### Related terms

* mensual

#### See also

* gener
* febrer
* març
* abril
* maig
* juny
* juliol
* agost
* setembre
* octubre
* novembre
* desembre

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Catalan mas, mays, from Latin magis.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmes]
* Homophone: més
* Rhymes: -es

#### Adverb

mes
* but

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin missus, perfect passive participle of mittere.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈmɛs]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈməs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈmes]
* Rhymes: -es

#### Participle

mes (feminine mesa, masculine plural mesos, feminine plural meses)
* past participle of metre

### Etymology 4

Inherited from Vulgar Latin mās, reduced form of Latin meās.

#### Pronunciation

* (Balearic, Central) IPA: /məs/ (always unstressed)
* (Valencia, Alghero) IPA: /mes/ (always unstressed)

#### Determiner

mes
* feminine plural of mon

### References

* “mes” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “mes”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “mes” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “mes” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *magestus, from *magos.

#### Noun

mes m (plural mesyow)
* open field
* open country

#### Adverb

mes
* out

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *messus (“acorn”). Cognate with Welsh mes (“acorns”), Breton mez (“acorns”).

#### Noun

mes m (singulative mesen)
* (collective) acorns

### Etymology 3
#### Conjunction

mes
* but

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛs/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mes
* Rhymes: -ɛs
* Homophone: Mesch

### Noun

mes n (plural messen, diminutive mesje n)
* knife, cleaver
* (informal) blade

#### Derived terms

* afbreekmes
* botermes
* broodmes
* hakmes
* kaasmes
* kapmes
* knipmes
* messenslijper
* messentrekker
* oestermes
* paletmes
* schildersmes
* slagersmes
* snoeimes
* springmes
* stanleymes
* steekmes
* vilmes
* vleesmes
* vlindermes
* vouwmes
* werpmes
* zakmes

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: mes
** → Zulu: umese
*** Fanagalo: mes (or directly)
* Berbice Creole Dutch: mesi
* Jersey Dutch: määs
* Negerhollands: mes
* Skepi Creole Dutch: masa
* → Indonesian: mes (“medical knife”)
* → Japanese: メス (mesu, “medical knife”)
* → Korean: 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”)
* → Loup A: meschu (from the diminutive form)
* → Malagasy: méso, mésa

## Franco-Provençal
### Determiner

mes
* feminine plural of mon
* Alternative form of mos, masculine plural of mon

## French
### Etymology

From Old French mes, from Latin meōs, meī and meās, meae.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛ/, (in liaison) /mɛ.z‿/
* IPA: /me/, (in liaison) /me.z‿/
* Audio:(file)

### Determiner

mes pl
* my (when referring to a plural noun)
    Mes clés sont dans ma poche.My keys are in my pocket.

#### Related terms

| | | | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee |
| | | | singular | singular | plural |
| | | | m | f | plural |
| Possessor | singular | 1st | mon$^1$ | ma | mes |
| Possessor | singular | 2nd | ton$^1$ | ta | tes |
| Possessor | singular | 3rd | son$^1$ | sa | ses |
| Possessor | plural | 1st | notre | notre | nos |
| Possessor | plural | 2nd | votre$^2$ | votre$^2$ | vos$^2$ |
| Possessor | plural | 3rd | leur | leur | leurs |
    $^1$ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
    $^2$ Also used as the polite singular form.
    For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

#### Descendants

* Louisiana Creole: mê

### Further reading

* “mes”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mes, from Latin mensis. Compare Portuguese mês and Spanish mes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmes/ [ˈmes̺]
* Rhymes: -es

### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* month

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mes”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mes”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mes”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mes”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Garo
### Noun

mes
* lamb

## Gothic
### Romanization

mes
* Romanization of 𐌼𐌴𐍃

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɛs]
* Hyphenation: mès

### Etymology 1

From Dutch mess (“mess”), from English mess, from Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). Doublet of misa.

#### Noun

mès (plural mes-mes)
* mess (hall)

### Etymology 2

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

#### Noun

mès (plural mes-mes)
* (engineering) mesh:
** a structure made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material, with evenly spaced openings between them.
** the opening or space enclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads enclosing such a space.

### Etymology 3

From Dutch mest (“manure”), from Middle Dutch mest, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Semantic loan from Dutch kunstmest (“artificial fertilizer”).

#### Noun

mès (plural mes-mes)
* (colloquial) artificial fertilizer.

### Etymology 4

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

#### Noun

mès (plural mes-mes)
* (surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife.
    Synonyms: bisturi, pisau bedah, pisau operasi, skalpel
    Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis. ― Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.
    Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia. ― Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

### Further reading

* “mes” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Kalasha
### Noun

mes
* table

## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* mez

### Noun

mes m (Hebrew spelling מיס)
* month

## Latgalian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes. Cognates include Latvian mēs and Lithuanian mes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmʲæs]
* Hyphenation: mes

### Pronoun

mes
* we

#### See also
### References

* Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

## Latvian
### Pronoun

mes (personal, 1st person plural)
* (dialectal, archaic) we; alternative form of mēs

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mʲæːs/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes; compare Latvian mēs, Old Prussian mes, Proto-Slavic *my; akin to Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ). This form in m replaced Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we”), probably after the 1st person plural verbal suffix -me. At the East-Baltic stage, the oblique forms were rebuilt by analogy with jūs. Compare the Old Prussian oblique forms nūsan, nūmans, and Old Church Slavonic насъ, намъ (nasŭ, namŭ), from *n̥s-, nos-.

#### Pronoun

mẽs
* we (first-person plural pronoun)

##### See also
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mès
* third-person future indicative of mèsti

## Lombard
### Alternative forms

* mis (Bergamasque)

### Etymology

From Latin mensis (“month”). Compare French mois, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, Romansch main, Spanish mes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mez/

### Noun

mes m (Milanese)
* month

### Further reading

* mes at Lombard Wiktionary

## Megleno-Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin mensis.

### Noun

mes
* month

## Occitan
### Etymology 1

From Old Occitan mes, from Latin mensis (“month”). Compare French mois, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, Romansch main, Spanish mes.

#### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* month

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

mes
* past participle of metre

## Old English
### Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps derived from Proto-West Germanic *mihsu, the nominative/accusative plural of *mihs (“dung, excrement; urine”), reanalysed as a singular noun. Compare Old Frisian mēse (“urine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mes/

### Noun

mes f
* dung
* (in the plural) fertiliser, manure

#### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

### See also

* meox
* miċġe
* mīġan

## Old French
### Etymology 1

From Latin magis.

#### Alternative forms

* mais

#### Conjunction

mes
* but

##### Descendants

* French: mais

### Etymology 2

From Latin meōs, meī and meās, meae.

#### Determiner

mes m pl or f pl
* my (first-person plural possessive)

##### Descendants

* French: mes

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin mēnsis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mes]
* Rhymes: -es
* Hyphenation: mes

### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* month
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, , cantiga 5 ([ facsimile]), lines 135–140:Muitos gafos sãou a Emperadriz en aquele mes; mas de grand' algo que porên lle davan ela ren non pres, mas andou en muitas romarías, e depois ben a tres meses entrou na cidade de Roma, u ér' o cortês Emperador, que a chamou e disso-lle: “Ves? Guári-m' est' irmão gaf', e dar-ch-ei grand' haver.”(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* Fala: mes
* Galician: mes
* Portuguese: mês

### Further reading

* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “mes”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN

## Old Irish
### Noun

mes m
* Alternative spelling of mess

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin mensis. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French mois.

### Noun

mes m (oblique plural mes, nominative singular mes, nominative plural mes)
* month

#### Descendants

* Occitan: mes

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mensis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/1: Mabile–Mephitis, page 713

## Old Prussian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wéy, with the initial m- appearing due to influence from the first-person verbal suffix and the first-person singular object pronoun. Cognate with Latvian mēs, Lithuanian mẽs, Proto-Slavic *my, Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ).

### Pronoun

mes
* we, the first person plural pronoun

#### Declension

See as for declension of mes.

### References

* Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “mes”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
* W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

## Portuguese

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### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* Obsolete spelling of mês.

## Rohingya
### Alternative forms

* 𐴔𐴠𐴏𐴢 (mes) — Hanifi Rohingya script

### Etymology

From Persian [Term?].

### Noun

mes (Hanifi spelling 𐴔𐴠𐴏𐴢)
* table

## Romansch
### Adjective

mes m (feminine mia)
* (possessive) my

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin mēnsis (“month”). Compare Catalan mes, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, Romansch mais.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmes/ [ˈmes]
** Audio (Peru):(file)
** Rhymes: -es
* IPA: (Murcia, Eastern Andalusia) [mɛː]
* Syllabification: mes

### Noun

mes m (plural meses)
* month
    Mi mes favorito es enero.My favourite month is January.

#### Derived terms

* llegar a fin de mes

#### Related terms

* mensual
* mensualidad
* semestre
* sietemesino
* trimestre

#### See also

* enero
* febrero
* marzo
* abril
* mayo
* junio
* julio
* agosto
* septiembre
* octubre
* noviembre
* diciembre

### Further reading

* “mes”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sumerian
### Romanization

mes
* Romanization of 𒈩 (mes)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meːs/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Low German mêse, meise, from Old Saxon mēsa, from Proto-West Germanic *maisā, from Proto-Germanic *maisǭ. Cognate to Norwegian Bokmål meis, meise and Norwegian Nynorsk meis, meise.

#### Noun

mes c
* a tit (genus Parus), a small bird

##### Related terms

* blåmes
* mesig (“wimpy”)
* stjärtmes

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish mes, mese, likely derived from a verb cognate of Icelandic meita (“cut, chop”). Cognate to Norwegian Bokmål meis and Norwegian Nynorsk meis.

#### Noun

mes c
* the metal frame of a backpack

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate to Norwegian meis and Dutch miezel.

#### Noun

mes c
* (colloquial, derogatory) a wimp, a wuss, a coward

##### Declension
### Further reading

* mes in Svensk ordbok.
* “mes”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎ (in Swedish), 1937

## Welsh
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *messus (“acorn”). Cognate with Breton mez (“acorns”), Irish meas (“fruit”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

mes f (collective, singulative mesen)
* acorns

#### Derived terms

* mesa (“to gather acorns”)

#### Related terms

* derw (“oaks”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “mesen”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “mes”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Zoogocho Zapotec
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mesa, from Latin mēnsa.

### Noun

mes
* table

### References

* Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 255