# 輪廻
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 輪 | 廻 |
| りん Grade: 4 | え > ね Jinmeiyō |
| goon ||

### Etymology

/rinwe/ → /rinɰe/ → /rinːe/
From Middle Chinese 輪迴 (MC lwin hwoj, literally “wheel + revolve”), itself a translation of Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra, literally “passing, wandering”).
The e reading for 廻 changes to ne as an instance of renjō (連声).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りんね [ríꜜǹnè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɾʲĩnːe̞]

### Noun

輪(りん)廻(ね) • (rinne)
* (philosophy, religion, especially in Buddhism) samsara (endless cycle of life, death, and reincarnation); metempsychosis
    Synonyms: 生死 (shōji), 転生 (tenshō), 輪転 (rinten), 輪廻転生 (rinne tenshō), 流転 (ruten), 流転輪廻 (ruten rinne), 六道輪廻 (rokudō rinne), 輪回し (wamawashi)
* (poetry) repeating of the same words and/or meanings in one volume of haikai or renga
* a cycle (process returning to the beginning and then repeating itself in the same sequence)
    Synonym: サイクル (saikuru)
* a deep attachment or obsession
    Synonym: 愛着 (aichaku)

#### Derived terms

* 三(さん)界(かい)輪(りん)廻(ね) (sankai rinne)
* 生(しょう)死(じ)輪(りん)廻(ね) (shōji rinne)
* 浸(しん)食(しょく)輪(りん)廻(ね) (shinshoku rinne)
* 地(ち)形(けい)輪(りん)廻(ね) (chikei rinne)
* 遠(とお)輪(りん)廻(ね) (tō-rinne)
* 分(ぶん)段(だん)輪(りん)廻(ね) (bundan rinne)
* 流(る)転(てん)輪(りん)廻(ね) (ruten rinne)
* 六(ろく)道(どう)輪(りん)廻(ね) (rokudō rinne)

#### Proverbs

* 貧(ひん)は菩(ぼ)提(だい)の種(たね)富(とみ)は輪(りん)廻(ね)の絆(きずな) (hin wa bodai no tane tomi wa rinne no kizuna)

#### See also

* 逆(ぎゃく)流(る) (gyakuru)
* 順(じゅん)流(る) (junru)

### Verb

輪(りん)廻(ね)する • (rinne suru) suru (stem 輪(りん)廻(ね)し (rinne shi), past 輪(りん)廻(ね)した (rinne shita))
* to go into an endless cycle
* to be attached to something

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 輪廻し | りんねし | rinne shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 輪廻し | りんねし | rinne shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 輪廻する | りんねする | rinne suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 輪廻する | りんねする | rinne suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 輪廻すれ | りんねすれ | rinne sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 輪廻せよ¹ 輪廻しろ² | りんねせよ¹ りんねしろ² | rinne seyo¹ rinne shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 輪廻される | りんねされる | rinne sareru |
| Causative | 輪廻させる 輪廻さす | りんねさせる りんねさす | rinne saseru rinne sasu |
| Potential | 輪廻できる | りんねできる | rinne dekiru |
| Volitional | 輪廻しよう | りんねしよう | rinne shiyō |
| Negative | 輪廻しない | りんねしない | rinne shinai |
| Negative continuative | 輪廻せず | りんねせず | rinne sezu |
| Formal | 輪廻します | りんねします | rinne shimasu |
| Perfective | 輪廻した | りんねした | rinne shita |
| Conjunctive | 輪廻して | りんねして | rinne shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 輪廻すれば | りんねすれば | rinne sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ “輪廻”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ “輪廻”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “輪廻”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 輪 | 廻 |

### Noun

輪廻 • (yunhoe or McCune-Reischauer: yunhoe or Yale: yun.hoy) (hangeul 윤회)
* hanja form of 윤회 (“samsara”)