# 宿

| 宿 | U+5BBF, &#23487; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BBF |
| ← 宾 [U+5BBE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 寀 → [U+5BC0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

宿 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人一日 (JOMA), four-corner 3026$_1$, composition ⿱宀佰)

#### Derived characters

* 㜚 摍 㴼 樎 縮(缩) 䑿 蹜 鏥 蓿 䈹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 287, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7195
* Dae Jaweon: page 568, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 938, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5BBF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宿 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 宿 | *suɡs, *suɡ |
| 蓿 | *suɡ |
| 縮 | *sruɡ |
| 樎 | *sruɡ |
| 蹜 | *sruɡ |
| 摍 | *sruɡ |
In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 𰴿 (“bamboo mat”) – a person resting on a mat. Sometimes a house (宀) was added.
Later the pictogram of the bamboo mat became 㐁 or 𠀬, and eventually came to be written 百.
Contrast 寒.

### Etymology
#### “To stay overnight; lodge > night; mansion of the zodiac [i.e. the Sun's lodging stations]”

    Probably related to Austroasiatic: cf. Old Khmer *ruk (“to take cover or shelter”) > Khmer ជ្រុក (cruk, “shelter; refuge”), Khmer ស្រុក (srok, “settlement; village”) (Schuessler, 2007). Benedict (1972) relates it to the Tibeto-Burman terms listed in the etymology of 夜 (OC *laːɡs, “night”), however the phonetics is difficult to reconcile in the current reconstructions.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sù, xiǔ (su$^4$, xiu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ, ㄒㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): suk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhuuk$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siuk / suk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiug$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): siu̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siok / sok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$soq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sù
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$
*** Yale: sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
*** Palladius: су (su)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǒu
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^3$
*** Yale: syǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheou
*** Palladius: сю (sju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
* sù - literary (all senses);
* xiǔ - vernacular (classifier “night”).
* Middle Chinese: sjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 宿 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息逐切 |
| Baxter | sjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | su |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]uk/ |
| English | spend the night |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宿 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12105 |
| Phonetic component | 宿 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 肅 |
| Old Chinese | /*suɡ/ |

#### Definitions

宿
* to stay overnight; to lodge
* to reside; to live; to dwell
* lodge; lodging station; residence
* perching bird; resting bird
* to keep watch at night; to be on night duty
* night; nighttime
* Classifier for the number of nights: night
    借宿一宿 ― jièsù yī xiǔ ― to stay for one night
* to be content with
* to stay; to stay behind; to delay; to stop over; to be stationed
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE
    Sùzhì zhě xuē. [Pinyin]
    He who procrastinates in creating order will be dismembered.
* (from) last night; the previous night; overnight
* (from) last year; spanning two years
* the past; former times
* old; longstanding
* big; great; considerable
* old and experienced; skilful; master
* renowned person; someone of high standing
* Alternative form of 夙 (sù, “usually; normally”)
* predestined; preordained
    宿命 ― sùmìng ― destiny (literally, “predestined life”)
* in advance; beforehand
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) Short for 宿舍 (“dormitory”).
* Alternative form of 肅 / 肃 (sù, “respectful; solemn”)
* Alternative form of 肅 / 肃 (sù, “to admonish; to warn”)
* Alternative form of 肅 / 肃 (sù, “to offer”)
* (～國) (historical) The name of an ancient state located in modern-day Dongping county in Shandong province.
* (～州) (historical) The name of an ancient prefecture during the Tang dynasty, located in modern-day Suzhou city in Anhui province.
* (～縣) (historical) The name of an abolished county, now the Suzhou city in Anhui province.
* Short for 宿州 (Sùzhōu, “Suzhou city in Anhui province”).
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一償宿願 / 一偿宿愿
* 一宿 (yīxiǔ)
* 上宿
* 中宿
* 中間宿主 / 中间宿主
* 伴宿 (bànsù)
* 住宿 (zhùsù)
* 信宿
* 值宿 (zhísù)
* 借宿 (jièsù)
* 停眠整宿
* 儤宿
* 名宿
* 同宿 (tóngsù)
* 外宿
* 夜宿曉行 / 夜宿晓行
* 存宿
* 孤眠獨宿 / 孤眠独宿
* 安宿
* 宿世
* 宿世冤家
* 宿主 (sùzhǔ)
* 宿債 / 宿债
* 宿儒 (sùrú)
* 宿名
* 宿命 (sùmìng)
* 宿命論 / 宿命论 (sùmìnglùn)
* 宿命通
* 宿善
* 宿因
* 宿夕
* 宿好
* 宿妝 / 宿妆
* 宿學 / 宿学
* 宿學舊儒 / 宿学旧儒
* 寄宿 (jìsù)
* 宿宿 (sùsù)
* 寄宿學校 / 寄宿学校 (jìsù xuéxiào)
* 寄宿生 (jìsùshēng)
* 宿將 / 宿将 (sùjiàng)
* 宿將舊卒 / 宿将旧卒
* 宿屋
* 宿弊
* 宿心 (sùxīn)
* 宿志 (sùzhì)
* 宿怨 (sùyuàn)
* 宿慧
* 宿憾
* 宿敵 / 宿敌 (sùdí)
* 宿料
* 宿昔
* 宿望
* 宿根
* 宿構 / 宿构
* 宿歇
* 宿泊
* 宿營 / 宿营 (sùyíng)
* 宿生 (sùshēng)
* 宿留
* 宿疾 (sùjí)
* 宿痾 / 宿疴
* 宿瘤
* 宿素
* 宿緣 / 宿缘 (sùyuán)
* 宿老
* 宿舍 (sùshè)
* 宿草
* 宿莽
* 宿衛 / 宿卫
* 宿諾 / 宿诺
* 宿賊 / 宿贼
* 宿逋
* 宿遇
* 宿遷 / 宿迁 (Sùqiān)
* 宿酒
* 宿酲
* 宿醉 (sùzuì)
* 宿雨
* 宿霧 / 宿雾 (Sùwù)
* 宿頓 / 宿顿
* 宿頭 / 宿头
* 宿願 / 宿愿 (sùyuàn)
* 宿麥 / 宿麦
* 宿墨
* 寡宿孤辰
* 尊宿 (zūnsù)
* 弋不射宿
* 房宿錢 / 房宿钱
* 投宿 (tóusù)
* 曉行夜宿 / 晓行夜宿
* 朝餐夜宿
* 東食西宿 / 东食西宿
* 棲宿 / 栖宿
* 歇宿 (xiēsù)
* 止宿 (zhǐsù)
* 歸宿 / 归宿 (guīsù)
* 水宿風餐 / 水宿风餐
* 求宿
* 淹宿
* 溫宿 / 温宿 (Wēnsù)
* 獨宿 / 独宿
* 留宿 (liúsù)
* 直宿
* 眠花宿柳
* 眠鷗宿鷺 / 眠鸥宿鹭
* 終宿主 / 终宿主
* 經宿不歸 / 经宿不归 (jīng sù bù guī)
* 老宿
* 老師宿儒 / 老师宿儒
* 耆宿
* 胸無宿物 / 胸无宿物
* 膳宿 (shànsù)
* 舊愛宿恩 / 旧爱宿恩
* 草行露宿
* 託宿 / 托宿
* 通宿 (tōngxiǔ)
* 野宿
* 雙宿雙飛 / 双宿双飞 (shuāngsùshuāngfēi)
* 雙棲雙宿 / 双栖双宿
* 露宿 (lùsù)
* 露宿風餐 / 露宿风餐 (lùsùfēngcān)
* 風飧露宿 / 风飧露宿
* 風餐水宿 / 风餐水宿
* 風餐雨宿 / 风餐雨宿
* 風餐露宿 / 风餐露宿 (fēngcānlùsù)
* 食宿 (shísù)
* 餐風宿水 / 餐风宿水
* 餐風宿雨 / 餐风宿雨
* 餐風宿露 / 餐风宿露 (cānfēngsùlù)
* 餐風露宿 / 餐风露宿
* 齊宿 / 齐宿
* 齋宿 / 斋宿

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiù (xiu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiu$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siu
* Eastern Min (BUC): séu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siu$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siòu
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^4$
*** Yale: syòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiow
*** Palladius: сю (sju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^3$
*** Yale: sau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiu³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siu
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯u⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: séu
*** Sinological IPA : /siɛu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siù
*** Tâi-lô: siù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siu$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siù
*** Sinological IPA : /siu²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shieu
*** MiniDict: shieu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 宿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息救切 |
| Baxter | sjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /siu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宿 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]uk-s/ |
| English | "mansion" of the zodiac (where the moon is found on successive nights) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12104 |
| Phonetic component | 宿 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 秀 |
| Old Chinese | /*suɡs/ |

#### Definitions

宿
* (archaic, Chinese astronomy) constellation; “mansion” of the zodiac

#### Compounds

* 二十八宿 (Èrshíbā Xiù)
* 井宿 (Jǐngxiù)
* 列宿
* 危宿 (Wēixiù)
* 壁宿 (Bìxiù)
* 女宿 (Nǚxiù)
* 室宿 (Shìxiù)
* 斗宿 (Dǒuxiù)
* 星宿 (xīngxiù)
* 星宿海
* 柳宿 (Liǔxiù)
* 水宿
* 牛宿 (Niúxiù)
* 畢宿 / 毕宿 (Bìxiù)
* 畢宿星團 / 毕宿星团
* 虛宿 / 虚宿 (Xūxiù)
* 角宿

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sù (su$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sù
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$
*** Yale: sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
*** Palladius: су (su)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹/

#### Definitions

宿
* Only used in 宿宿 (sùsù, “walking slowly in small steps”).

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Qī (Qi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Ci
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: Chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chi
*** Palladius: Ци (Ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

宿
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 戚 (Qī, “name of a county in the State of Wei”)

### Pronunciation 5

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sek / siak
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
*** Tâi-lô: sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
*** Tâi-lô: siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/

#### Definitions

宿
* (Hokkien) mature; ripe (of fruits, vegetables, etc.)
       Thô-á iáu-bē kàu sek. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The peach wasn't ripe enough.
* (Hokkien) smart and seasoned; intelligent and experienced

##### Synonyms

* (mature): 成熟 (chéngshú), 熟 (shú)

#### Compounds

* 宿宿人買著漏酒甕 / 宿宿人买着漏酒瓮
* 宿投
* 宿潲
* 宿精
* 宿鬼
* 宿鳥 / 宿鸟
* 老瓜宿蒂

### References

* “宿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* lodging, inn
* home

#### Readings

* Go-on: すく (suku)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)
* Kun: やどる (yadoru, 宿る, Jōyō)、やど (yado, 宿, Jōyō)、やどす (yadosu, 宿す, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 民(みん)宿(しゅく) (minshuku): traditional Japanese budget inn
* 新(しん)宿(じゅく) (Shinjuku): Shinjuku
* 宿(しゅく)題(だい) (shukudai): homework
* 宿(しゅく)命(めい) (shukumei): destiny; fate
* 宿(しゅく)泊(はく) (shukuhaku): lodging
* 野(の)宿(じゅく) (nojuku): sleeping rough; wild camping
* 安(やす)宿(やど) (yasuyado): cheap hotel

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 宿
* やど Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 宿 – see the following entry. :
| 【やど】 | [noun] lodging, inn [noun] house, home |
(This term, 宿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 宿
* しゅく Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 宿 (MC sjuwH|sjuwk).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅく [shùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɕɨkɯ̟]

#### Noun

宿(しゅく) • (shuku)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 宿
* しゅく Grade: 3
* on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 宿 – see the following entry. :
| 【しゅく】 | [noun] (historical) shuku, a class of outcast in medieval and pre-modern Kinki region Alternative spellings 夙, 守公, 守宮 |
(This term, 宿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 宿 (MC sjuwk).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 슉〮 (Yale: syúk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 슉 (sywuk)$^訓$ (Yale: syuk) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰuk̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [숙]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 宿 (eumhun 잘 숙 (jal suk))
* hanja form of 숙 (“sleep; lodging”)

#### Compounds

* 기숙 (寄宿, gisuk)
* 동숙 (同宿, dongsuk)
* 숙객 (宿客, sukgaek)
* 숙망 (宿望, sungmang)
* 숙면 (宿眠, sungmyeon)
* 숙명 (宿命, sungmyeong)
* 숙박 (宿泊, sukbak, “accommodation”)
* 숙변 (宿便, sukbyeon)
* 숙소 (宿所, sukso)
* 숙식 (宿食, suksik)
* 숙원 (宿怨, sugwon)
* 숙원 (宿願, sugwon)
* 숙적 (宿敵, sukjeok)
* 숙제 (宿題, sukje)
* 숙주 (宿主, sukju)
* 숙직 (宿直, sukjik)
* 숙취 (宿醉, sukchwi)
* 숙환 (宿患, sukhwan)
* 앙숙 (怏宿, angsuk)
* 여숙 (旅宿, yeosuk)
* 투숙 (投宿, tusuk)
* 하숙 (下宿, hasuk)
* 합숙 (合宿, hapsuk)
* 혼숙 (混宿, honsuk)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 宿 (MC sjuwH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 슈ᇢ〮 (Yale: syúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 슈 (sywu)$^訓$ (Yale: syu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰu(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [수(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

宿 (eumhun 별자리 수 (byeoljari su))
* hanja form of 수 (“(Chinese astronomy) constellation; “mansion” of the zodiac”)

#### Compounds

* 누수 (婁宿, nusu)
* 방수 (房宿, bangsu)
* 성수 (星宿, seongsu, “Star Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)”)
* 수요 (宿曜, suyo)
* 정수 (井宿, jeongsu)
* 진수 (辰宿, jinsu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

宿: Hán Nôm readings: túc, tú
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.