# 惠

| 惠 | U+60E0, &#24800; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60E0 |
| ← 惟 [U+60DF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 惡 → [U+60E1] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 恵 |
| Simplified | 惠 |
| Traditional | 惠 |

### Han character

惠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十戈心 (JIP), four-corner 5033$_3$, composition ⿳⿻一申⿰㇀丶心 or ⿱⿻一⿻虫一心)

#### Derived characters

* 僡, 寭, 憓, 橞, 潓, 璤, 穗, 繐, 蕙, 蟪, 譓, 鏸, 韢, 䧥, 𠦽, 𠽡, 𢴥, 𪒜

#### Descendants

* 恵 (ゑ, ヱ)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 391, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10822
* Dae Jaweon: page 724, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2309, character 10
* Unihan data for U+60E0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 惠
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 韢 | *skʰʷeds |
| 繐 | *sqʰʷeds, *ɢʷiːds |
| 憓 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 潓 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 惠 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 蟪 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 蕙 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 橞 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 譓 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 鏸 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 穗 | *sɢʷids |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷiːds): phonetic 叀 + semantic 心 (“heart”). Originally also written 叀.

### Etymology

Related to 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”). Its usual meaning "kind, compliant" could be semantically extended from "should be" > "to consider / treat as it should / ought to be, as expected" as copulas tend to expand into full verb (Schuessler, 2007).
For pronunciation 2, compare the development of the pronunciation of 畦 (qí) from 畦 (MC hwej), which historically differed with 惠 (MC hwejH) only in tone, and is homophonous with 惠 (/ɕi⁵⁵/) in the modern Xi'an dialect (Xi, 2017).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huì (hui$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): huī
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fi$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fi
    (Hailu, HRS): fui$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fi$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hūi / hōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hui$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$we
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$
*** Yale: hwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
*** Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: huī
*** Sinological IPA : /xuei⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^6$
*** Yale: waih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fi³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fi
*** Hakka Romanization System: fi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fui$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /fui³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /xy⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiê
*** Sinological IPA : /hiɛ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūi
*** Tâi-lô: huī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hui
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hui³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hui²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōe
*** Tâi-lô: huē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoe
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hue²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hui$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭi
*** Sinological IPA : /hui³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$we
*** MiniDict: we$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦue²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit惠 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xuei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xue⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xuei³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi⁴⁴/ 姓 /xuei⁴⁴/ 恩～ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xuɨ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xuei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xuei²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xuəi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xue⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuei⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuæ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuei⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦue²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦue̞³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦui¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /vu²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xue²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕye¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fei⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɸəi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɨi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fi⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /fui⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɐi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hui²²/ /hue²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiɛ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xy⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hui³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hui³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwejH
Rime :
| Character | 惠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (40) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡桂切 |
| Baxter | hwejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiwei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣiwei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤi[j]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷiːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 惠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁi[j]-s/ |
| English | kind, good |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5483 |
| Phonetic component | 惠 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慧 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷiːds/ |
| Notes | 說文從叀實叀聲， 而叀屮（卉）聲，金文叀非軎亦非專， 像韢或十冖畀初文 |

#### Definitions

惠
* benefit; favor; advantage
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ huái dé, xiǎorén huái tǔ; jūnzǐ huái xíng, xiǎorén huái huì.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said: "The gentleman thinks of virtue; the villain thinks of comfort. The gentleman thinks of the sanctions of law; the villain thinks of favors which he may receive."
* to benefit; to grant a favor; favor; to advantage
* (obsolete) to love
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    huì ér hǎo wǒ [Pinyin]
    (Whoever) loves and cherishes me
* benevolent; kindhearted
* mild; gentle; kind
* (polite) used as a form of compliment
    惠顧／惠顾 ― huìgù ― your patronage
* a surname, Hui

##### Synonyms

* (benefit):
* 利益 (lìyì)
* 好處 / 好处
* 實利 / 实利 (shílì)
* 收益 (shōuyì)
* 甜頭 / 甜头 (Jin)
* 益處 / 益处 (yìchù)
* 肥 (féi) (usually derogatory)
* 補 / 补 (bǔ) (literary, or in compounds)
* 補益 / 补益 (bǔyì)
* 裨益 (bìyì)
* (benevolent):
* 仁和 (rénhé) (literary)
* 仁愛 / 仁爱 (rén'ài)
* 仁慈 (réncí)
* 友善 (yǒushàn)
* 可親 / 可亲 (kěqīn)
* 和善 (héshàn)
* 和氣 / 和气
* 和藹 / 和蔼 (hé'ǎi)
* 善良 (shànliáng)
* 好心 (hǎoxīn)
* 惠愛 / 惠爱 (huì'ài) (literary)
* 慈愛 / 慈爱 (cí'ài)
* 慈祥 (cíxiáng)
* 祥和 (xiánghé)
* 腍善 (nam$^4$ sin$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 藹然 / 蔼然 (ǎirán) (literary)
* 隨和 / 随和
* (mild):
* 平和
* 平易 (píngyì)
* 柔和 (róuhé) (also of sound, voice, colour, lighting, etc.)
* 柔弱 (róuruò)
* 柔順 / 柔顺 (róushùn)
* 溫和 / 温和
* 溫存 / 温存 (wēncún)
* 溫柔 / 温柔 (wēnróu) (especially of a woman)

#### Compounds

* 不夷不惠
* 不惠
* 互惠 (hùhuì)
* 互惠原則 / 互惠原则
* 互惠關稅 / 互惠关税
* 仁惠
* 優惠 / 优惠 (yōuhuì)
* 優惠待遇 / 优惠待遇
* 優惠關稅 / 优惠关税
* 受惠 (shòuhuì)
* 口惠 (kǒuhuì)
* 嘉惠
* 夷惠
* 好施小惠
* 好行小惠
* 實惠 / 实惠 (shíhuì)
* 察惠
* 小恩小惠
* 小惠 (xiǎohuì)
* 布德施惠
* 平等互惠
* 廣惠倉 / 广惠仓
* 德惠 (déhuì)
* 恩惠 (ēnhuì)
* 惠及 (huìjí)
* 惠士奇
* 惠子
* 惠子知我
* 惠存 (huìcún)
* 惠安縣 / 惠安县
* 惠崇
* 惠州 (Huìzhōu)
* 惠州之役
* 惠帳 / 惠帐
* 惠恤
* 惠政
* 惠施
* 惠施五車 / 惠施五车
* 惠東 / 惠东 (Huìdōng)
* 惠棟 / 惠栋
* 惠澤 / 惠泽 (huìzé)
* 惠然
* 惠然肯來 / 惠然肯来
* 惠特曼
* 惠綏 / 惠绥
* 惠而不費 / 惠而不费
* 惠聲 / 惠声
* 惠育
* 惠臨 / 惠临
* 惠賜 / 惠赐
* 惠贈 / 惠赠
* 惠連 / 惠连
* 惠鈔 / 惠钞
* 惠鑒 / 惠鉴
* 惠陽縣 / 惠阳县
* 惠音
* 惠顧 / 惠顾 (huìgù)
* 惠風 / 惠风 (huìfēng)
* 惠黠
* 施惠 (shīhuì)
* 晉惠帝 / 晋惠帝
* 李惠堂
* 柳下惠 (Liǔxià Huì)
* 梁惠王
* 楊惠之 / 杨惠之
* 淫惠
* 渥惠
* 澆瓜之惠 / 浇瓜之惠
* 濟惠 / 济惠
* 特惠 (tèhuì)
* 特惠制度
* 特惠待遇
* 特惠關稅 / 特惠关税
* 甘棠之惠
* 福惠雙修 / 福惠双修
* 秀外惠中 (xiùwàihuìzhōng)
* 私恩小惠
* 聖惠方 / 圣惠方
* 見惠 / 见惠 (jiànhuì)
* 謝惠連 / 谢惠连
* 辯惠 / 辩惠
* 通惠 (Tōnghuì)
* 銘謝惠顧 / 铭谢惠顾
* 駿惠 / 骏惠

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): Xī
* Mandarin
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: Xī
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit惠 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xuei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xue⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xuei³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi⁴⁴/ 姓 /xuei⁴⁴/ 恩～ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xuɨ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xuei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xuei²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xuəi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xue⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuei⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuæ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuei⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦue²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦue̞³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦui¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /vu²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xue²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕye¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fei⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɸəi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɨi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fi⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /fui⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɐi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hui²²/ /hue²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiɛ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xy⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hui³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hui³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwejH
Rime :
| Character | 惠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (40) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡桂切 |
| Baxter | hwejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiwei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣiwei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^6$ |

#### Definitions

惠
* (Shaanxi dialect) a surname: Xi

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 恵 |
| Kyūjitai | 惠 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恵)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: めぐみ (megumi, 惠)、めぐむ (megumu, 惠む)
* Nanori: あい (ai)、あや (aya)、け (ke)、さと (sato)、さとし (satoshi)、しげ (shige)、しげる (shigeru)、へい (hei)、み (mi)、めぐる (meguru)、やす (yasu)

## Korean
### Hanja

惠 (eumhun 은혜 혜 (eunhye hye))
* grace, benefit, love
* good, gentle, nice
* wise, intelligent
* beautiful, fine

#### Compounds

* 恩惠 (은혜, eun-hye) : grace
* 惠澤 (혜택, hye-taek) : benefit
* 受惠 (수혜, su-hye) : benefit

## Vietnamese
### Han character

惠: Hán Nôm readings: huệ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.