# 汩

| 汩 | U+6C69, &#27753; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C69 |
| ← 汨 [U+6C68] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 汪 → [U+6C6A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

汩 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水日 (EA) or 難難水日 (XXEA), four-corner 3610$_0$, composition ⿰氵曰)

#### Usage notes

* This character is not to be confused with 汨 (U+6C68) which is written with 日 (“sun”) as its right component.

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 607, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17153
* Dae Jaweon: page 1000, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1565, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6C69

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 曰 | *ɢʷad |
| 汩 | *kʷɯːd, *ɡʷɯd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷɯːd, *ɡʷɯd): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 曰 (OC *ɢʷad).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwat$^1$
*** Yale: gwāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gued$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐt̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kwot
Rime :
| Character | 汩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古忽切 |
| Baxter | kwot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷ]ˤ[ə]t/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 汩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʷ]ˁ[ə]t/ |
| English | regulate (rivers) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 汩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16313 |
| Phonetic component | 曰 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 骨 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷɯːd/ |

#### Definitions

汩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to regulate rivers; to govern or manage
    Synonym: 治
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Bù rèn gǔ hóng, shī hé yǐ shàng zhī. Qiān yuē hé yōu, hé bù kè ér xíng zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to create disorder; to make chaos; to disturb
    alt. forms: 滑, 淈 (gǔ), 抇
    Synonym: 亂 / 乱 (luàn)
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Jīzǐ nǎi yán yuē: “Wǒ wén zài xī, gǔn yīn hóng shuǐ, gǔ chén qí wǔxíng.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to submerge; to flood
    Synonym: 淹沒 / 淹没 (yānmò)
    From: 李白 (Li Bai) 《日出入行》
    Xīhé xīhé, rǔ xī gǔ méi yú huāngyín zhī bō. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 韓愈 (Han Yu) 《雜說四首》
    Bó rìyuè, yōu guāngjǐng, gǎn zhèn diàn, shén biànhuà, shuǐ xià tǔ, gǔ líng gǔ. Yún yì língguài yǐ zāi! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to indulge in; to wallow
    Synonym: 沉迷 (chénmí)
    From: 孟簡 《詠歐陽行周事》
    Zhōng'ài yú nánnǚ, sù qī xiào sǐ, fū yì bù bì yě. Dàfán yǐ duàn gē bùwèi lì sè suǒ gǔ, qǐ ruò shì hū? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) appearance of water flowing rapidly
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Hàohào yuán xiāng, fēnliú gǔ xī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary, onomatopoeia) Used in 汩汩 (“sound of water flowing”).
    From: 丁鹤年 《汩汩》
    Gǔgǔ zài chén'āi, jīhuái bù zàn kāi. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 枚乘 《七發》
    怳 xī hū xī, liáo xī lì xī, hùn gǔgǔ xī, hū xī huāng xī, chù xī tǎng xī, hào 瀇瀁 xī, huāng kuàngkuàng xī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 汩亂 / 汩乱
* 汩喪 / 汩丧
* 汩振
* 汩暗
* 汩汩
* 汩沒 / 汩没
* 汩泥
* 汩湮
* 汩溺
* 汩碌碌
* 汩越
* 汩都都
* 汩陳 / 汩陈
* 淟汩
* 瀝瀝汩汩 / 沥沥汩汩

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wat$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wat$^6$
*** Yale: waht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐt̚²/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢʷ]rət/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 汩 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢʷ]rət/ |
| English | flow; go fast |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 汩 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16314 |
| Phonetic component | 曰 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䫻 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷɯd/ |
| Notes | 見離騷 |

#### Definitions

汩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 𡿯 (yù, “flow of water”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) appearance of rapid movement
    From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
    Yǐn yíng chē zhī yú, yú bǎi rèn zhī yuān, gǔ liú zhī zhōng; lún bù jué, gōu bù shēn, gān bù náo. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Hù jiāng lí yǔ pì zhǐ xī, rèn qiū lán yǐ wèi pèi. Gǔ yú ruò jiāng bù jí xī, kǒng niánsuì zhī bù wú yǔ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clean appearance

#### Compounds

* 悲風汩起 / 悲风汩起
* 汩徂
* 汩流
* 汩淴
* 汩淢
* 汩淈
* 汩湧 / 汩涌
* 汩㴔
* 汩湟
* 汩潏
* 汩越

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hú (hu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hú
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hú
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^2$
*** Yale: hú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu³⁵/

#### Definitions

汩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) surge
    Synonym: 湧波 / 涌波
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Wú shǐ hū gù, cháng hū xìng, chéng hū mìng. Yǔ qí jù rù, yǔ gǔ xié chū, cóng shuǐ zhī dào ér bùwèi sī yān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 左思 (Zuo Si) 《蜀都賦》
    Lóng chí 𤀰 pù fén qí wēi, lòu jiāng fú liú kuì qí ā. Gǔ ruò tāng gǔ zhī yáng tāo, pèi ruò méng sì zhī yǒngbō. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Pronunciation 4

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khu̍h
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu̍h
*** Tâi-lô: khu̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuʔ⁴/

#### Definitions

汩
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to place rice and meat in a pot and slowly simmer (to make it become mush or paste-like)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: いつ (itsu)、ごつ (gotsu)
* Kan-on: ごち (gochi)
* Kun: ながれる (nagareru)

## Korean
### Hanja

汩 (eum 골 (gol))
汩 (eum 율 (yul))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.