# 察

| 察 | U+5BDF, &#23519; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BDF |
| ← 寞 [U+5BDE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 寠 → [U+5BE0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

察 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十月人火 (JBOF), four-corner 3090$_1$, composition ⿱宀祭)

#### Derived characters

* 嚓 擦 檫 䃰 聺 鑔(镲) 䕓 𢣼 𪹾 𥌀 𧞍 𥽕 𫟗 𧭂 𨆾 𩟔 𩉐 𩴳 𬿺 𬯠 𬰓 𬩲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7283
* Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 948, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5BDF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蔡 | *sʰlaːds |
| 瘵 | *ʔsreːds |
| 祭 | *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds |
| 際 | *ʔsleds |
| 穄 | *ʔsleds |
| 鰶 | *ʔsleds |
| 傺 | *hr'eds |
| 摖 | *sʰleːds |
| 擦 | *sʰlaːd |
| 攃 | *sʰlaːd, *saːd |
| 礤 | *sʰlaːd |
| 察 | *sʰreːd |
| 詧 | *sʰreːd, *sʰeːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰreːd): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds) – study carefully at home.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chá (cha$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ca$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): cǎ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chåq
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ца (ca, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caat$^3$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ce$^9$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cat$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhat
    (Hailu, HRS): cad
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cad$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): chuŏi
* Eastern Min (BUC): chák
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cah$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhat / sat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cag$^4$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): cag$^4$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^7$tshaq / $^7$tshaeq
** (Jinhua): $^7$tsheq; $^5$tshua
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ca$^6$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): ca$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ca$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chá
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chá
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^2$
*** Yale: chá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: char
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ca$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ca
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: cǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: chåq
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chaq$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰaʔ⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ца (ca, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caat$^3$
*** Yale: chaat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: ce$^9$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cat$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰat̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cat$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhat
*** Hakka Romanization System: cad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cad
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chuŏi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chák
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhat
*** Tâi-lô: tshat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
*** IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sʰat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Longyan): /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
*** Tâi-lô: sat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sad
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /sat̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰak̚²/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: cag$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰak̚⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tshaq
*** MiniDict: tshah$^入$
*** MiniDict: tsheh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tshaq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰɐʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sʰɐʔ⁵⁵/
** (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tshaeq
*** MiniDict: tshaeh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sʰæʔ⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sʰæʔ⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sʰæʔ⁴⁵/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tsheq; $^5$tshua
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sʰəʔ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰuɑ⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ca$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa̠²⁴/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: ca$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa̠¹³/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: ca$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰä²²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit察 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰa³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sʰa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sʰa⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰa³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰa²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰɔ⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰa²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰat̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰɑt̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰat̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰat̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐt̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰat̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsrheat
Rime :
| Character | 察 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 鎋 (75) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 初八切 |
| Baxter | tsrheat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠɛt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰæt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰat̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cha |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 察 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhɛt › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁret/ |
| English | examine |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 察 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5849 |
| Phonetic component | 祭 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𪙻 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰreːd/ |

### Definitions

察
* to examine; to investigate; to notice
* Short for 察哈爾／察哈尔 (Cháhā'ěr).
    晉察冀邊區／晋察冀边区 ― Jìn Chá Jì Biānqū ― Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region

### Compounds

* 一察
* 不察 (bùchá)
* 了察
* 亟疾苛察
* 京察
* 亮察
* 人民警察 (rénmín jǐngchá)
* 仰觀俯察 / 仰观俯察
* 何察
* 伺察
* 保安警察
* 便衣警察
* 俯察
* 偵察 / 侦察 (zhēnchá)
* 偏察
* 偵察兵 / 侦察兵 (zhēnchábīng)
* 偵察員 / 侦察员
* 偵察機 / 侦察机 (zhēnchájī)
* 偵察衛星 / 侦察卫星
* 允察
* 六察
* 公察
* 公路警察
* 切切察察
* 刑事警察 (xíngshì jǐngchá)
* 刑察
* 刺察
* 刻察
* 制服警察
* 勘察 (kānchá)
* 占察
* 原察
* 參察 / 参察
* 司察
* 司法警察 (sīfǎ jǐngchá)
* 名察
* 呵察
* 哀察
* 問察 / 问察
* 嚴察 / 严察
* 四察
* 垂察
* 失察 (shīchá)
* 孰察
* 家至戶察 / 家至户察
* 密察
* 察事
* 察伺
* 察允
* 察典
* 察判
* 察刻
* 察勘
* 察吏
* 察哈爾省 / 察哈尔省
* 察問 / 察问
* 察士
* 察失
* 察奪 / 察夺
* 察子
* 察官
* 察察
* 察察為明 / 察察为明 (chácháwéimíng)
* 察察而明 (cháchá'érmíng)
* 察布 (Chábù)
* 察度
* 察廉
* 察微
* 察恕
* 察悉
* 察惠
* 察慧
* 察戰 / 察战
* 察按
* 察捕
* 察探
* 察推
* 察收
* 察敏
* 察斷 / 察断
* 察曉 / 察晓
* 察書 / 察书
* 察核
* 察淵魚 / 察渊鱼
* 察照
* 察獄 / 察狱
* 察理
* 察相
* 察看 (chákàn)
* 察眉
* 察知 (cházhī)
* 察視 / 察视
* 察究
* 察納 / 察纳
* 察罕
* 察考
* 察聽 / 察听
* 察脈 / 察脉
* 察舉 / 察举
* 察色
* 察覈
* 察見 / 察见
* 察見淵魚 / 察见渊鱼
* 察覺 / 察觉 (chájué)
* 察覽 / 察览
* 察觀 / 察观
* 察言
* 察言觀色 / 察言观色 (cháyánguānsè)
* 察言觀行 / 察言观行
* 察訪 / 察访 (cháfǎng)
* 察諒 / 察谅
* 察識 / 察识
* 察警
* 察議 / 察议
* 察辨
* 察辭 / 察辞
* 察辯 / 察辩
* 察選 / 察选
* 察閱 / 察阅
* 察院
* 察隻 / 察只
* 察顏觀色 / 察颜观色 (cháyánguānsè)
* 察風 / 察风
* 察驗 / 察验 (cháyàn)
* 審察 / 审察 (shěnchá)
* 專業警察 / 专业警察
* 尋察 / 寻察
* 小察
* 局察
* 幬察 / 帱察
* 幸察
* 幾察 / 几察
* 廉察 (liánchá)
* 強察 / 强察
* 彰往察來 / 彰往察来
* 徇察
* 循察
* 微察
* 微察秋毫
* 思察
* 慎察
* 憐察 / 怜察
* 扢喇察
* 按察 (ànchá)
* 按察使 (àncháshǐ)
* 推察
* 探察 (tànchá)
* 採察 / 采察
* 撿察 / 捡察
* 攬察 / 揽察
* 政察
* 文察
* 斷察 / 断察
* 明察 (míngchá)
* 明察暗訪 / 明察暗访 (míngchá'ànfǎng)
* 明察秋毫 (míngchá qiūháo)
* 明廉暗察
* 是察
* 昭察
* 暴察
* 曉察 / 晓察
* 望察
* 本察
* 未察
* 析微察異 / 析微察异
* 查察
* 案察
* 校察
* 槅察
* 檢察 / 检察 (jiǎnchá)
* 檢察員 / 检察员
* 檢察官 / 检察官 (jiǎncháguān)
* 檢察廳 / 检察厅 (jiǎnchátīng)
* 檢察署 / 检察署
* 檢察長 / 检察长 (jiǎncházhǎng)
* 檢察院 / 检察院 (jiǎncháyuàn)
* 欽察汗國 / 钦察汗国 (Qīnchá Hánguó)
* 水上警察 (shuǐshàng jǐngchá)
* 洞察 (dòngchá)
* 洞察其奸
* 洞察機先 / 洞察机先
* 海上偵察 / 海上侦察
* 清察
* 淫察
* 淺察 / 浅察
* 涵察
* 深察
* 澄察
* 炤察 / 照察
* 照察
* 煩察 / 烦察
* 熟察
* 燭察 / 烛察
* 狷察
* 猜察
* 理察
* 甄察
* 生忔察
* 留置觀察 / 留置观察
* 痛察察
* 皎察
* 皦察
* 監察 / 监察 (jiānchá)
* 監察人 / 监察人
* 監察委員 / 监察委员
* 監察御史 / 监察御史
* 監察權 / 监察权
* 監察院 / 监察院 (Jiāncháyuàn)
* 盤察 / 盘察
* 相察
* 省察 (xǐngchá)
* 睜察 / 睁察
* 督察 (dūchá)
* 瞻察
* 矜察
* 研察
* 祕密警察 / 秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)
* 神察
* 視察 / 视察 (shìchá)
* 禁察
* 禮察 / 礼察
* 科察
* 稽察 (jīchá)
* 究察
* 窺察 / 窥察
* 節察 / 节察
* 簡察 / 简察
* 精察
* 糾察 / 纠察 (jiūchá)
* 糾察隊 / 纠察队
* 紃察 / 𬘓察
* 經濟警察 / 经济警察
* 繩察 / 绳察
* 義勇警察 / 义勇警察
* 習察 / 习察
* 習焉不察 / 习焉不察
* 習焉弗察 / 习焉弗察
* 習而不察 / 习而不察
* 考察 (kǎochá)
* 考察團 / 考察团 (kǎochátuán)
* 聆音察理
* 聰察 / 聪察
* 聽察 / 听察
* 聽籬察壁 / 听篱察壁
* 肆察
* 肐察
* 肐肢肐察
* 胸察
* 臨察 / 临察
* 至察
* 舉察 / 举察
* 苛察
* 荃察
* 行政警察
* 裁察
* 補察 / 补察
* 褊察
* 要察
* 覗察 / 𬢊察
* 覘察 / 觇察
* 覺察 / 觉察 (juéchá)
* 覽察 / 览察
* 觀察 / 观察 (guānchá)
* 觀察使 / 观察使
* 觀察哨 / 观察哨
* 觀察員 / 观察员
* 觀察家 / 观察家
* 觀察所 / 观察所
* 觀察法 / 观察法
* 觀形察色 / 观形察色
* 觀貌察色 / 观貌察色
* 觀風察俗 / 观风察俗
* 訊察 / 讯察
* 訪察 / 访察
* 診察 / 诊察 (zhěnchá)
* 訶察 / 诃察
* 詗察 / 诇察
* 詳察 / 详察
* 試察 / 试察
* 詢察 / 询察
* 調察 / 调察
* 諒察 / 谅察
* 謹察 / 谨察
* 譏察 / 讥察
* 證察 / 证察
* 識察 / 识察
* 警察 (jǐngchá)
* 警察制度
* 警察勤務 / 警察勤务
* 警察學 / 警察学
* 警察學校 / 警察学校
* 警察局 (jǐngchájú)
* 警察權 / 警察权
* 警察節 / 警察节
* 警察署 (jǐngcháshǔ)
* 變察 / 变察
* 貢察 / 贡察
* 財察 / 财察
* 踏察
* 蹟察 / 迹察
* 軍事警察 / 军事警察
* 軍法警察 / 军法警察
* 辨察
* 辯察 / 辩察
* 巡察 (xúnchá)
* 迫而察之
* 遺察 / 遗察
* 邏察 / 逻察
* 都察院
* 鈐察 / 钤察
* 鉛察 / 铅察
* 鉤察 / 钩察
* 鎮暴警察 / 镇暴警察
* 鏡察 / 镜察
* 鐵路警察 / 铁路警察
* 鑑察 / 鉴察 (jiànchá)
* 鑒察 / 鉴察 (jiànchá)
* 閔察 / 闵察
* 閏察 / 闰察
* 開察 / 开察
* 防察
* 陽察 / 阳察
* 電察 / 电察
* 韱察
* 駐衛警察 / 驻卫警察
* 體察 / 体察 (tǐchá)
* 默察

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* guess

#### Readings

* Go-on: せち (sechi)
* Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: しる (shiru, 察る)、みる (miru, 察る)、あきらか (akiraka, 察らか)

## Korean
### Hanja

察 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

察: Hán Nôm readings: sát, xét
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.