# шум
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʂum]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, nominative plural шу́мы, genitive plural шу́маў)
* noise

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃu̟m]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

шум • (šum) m
* noise, sound, noisiness
* (medicine) murmur (as in cardiac murmur)
* (figuratively) stir, to-do, fuss, tumult

#### Declension
## Komi-Yazva
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *šöm. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian шом (šom), Komi-Permyak шом (šom) and Udmurt шум (šum).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃum/, [ˈʃ̺um]
* Rhymes: -um
* Hyphenation: шум

### Noun

шум (šum)
* coal
    Synonym: угөль (ugåľ)

### References

* V. I. Lytkin (1961) Коми-язьвинский диалект [The Komi-Yazva dialect] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Издательство Академии наук СССР, page 200

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃum]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

шум • (šum) m
* noise

#### Derived terms

* шум на срце m (šum na srce)

#### Related terms

* шумлив (šumliv)
* шуми impf (šumi), шумка impf (šumka), шумоли impf (šumoli)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* шумъ (šum) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʂum]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́ма, nominative plural шу́мы or шумы́$^*$, genitive plural шу́мов or шумо́в$^*$, diminutive шумо́к) (* Professional usage.)
* noise, radio static
* sound, murmur
* uproar, din, blare, clamour, hubbub
* whirr
* sensation, stir, bustle

#### Declension

$^*$Professional usage.

#### Derived terms
##### Phrases

* без шу́ма и пы́ли (bez šúma i pýli)
* бе́лый шум m (bélyj šum)
* шум и гам (šum i gam)

#### Related terms

* под шумо́к (pod šumók)
* шуме́ть impf (šumétʹ)
* шуми́ха f (šumíxa)
* шумли́вый (šumlívyj)
* шумнова́тый (šumnovátyj)
* шу́мный (šúmnyj)
* шумо- (šumo-)
* шумово́й (šumovój)

#### Collocations

* шум в уша́х (šum v ušáx)
* шум дождя́ (šum doždjá)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: šumu

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шум”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “шум”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 428
* Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “шум”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
* Krylov, G. A. (2004) “шум”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “шум”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃûːm/

### Noun

шу̑м m (Latin spelling šȗm)
* noise (sound or signal generated by random fluctuations)

#### Derived terms

* шу̑ман
* шу́ме̄ћӣ
* шу́мити
* шу́мјети
* шу̑мнӣк
* шу̑мно
* шу̏мор

### Further reading

* “шум”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃum]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

#### Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, nominative plural шу́ми, genitive plural шу́мів)
* noise

##### Derived terms

* шу́мний (šúmnyj)
* шумли́вий (šumlývyj)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle High German schūm, from Old High German scūm, from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz. Cognate with English scum, German Schaum.

#### Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, uncountable)
* foam, froth
    Synonyms: пі́на (pína), пі́нка (pínka)
* (rare) whirlpool
    Synonyms: коловоро́т (kolovorót), вир (vyr)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šuma.

#### Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, uncountable)
* (archaic) forest, woods
    Synonym: ліс (lis)
* A traditional Ukrainian dance.

##### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “шум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “шум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “шум”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “шум”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)