# كرم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Verb

كَرُمَ • (karuma) I (non-past يَكْرُمُ (yakrumu), verbal noun كَرَم (karam) or كَرَمَة (karama) or كَرَامَة (karāma))
* to be or become noble
    Antonym: لَؤُمَ (laʔuma)
* to be or become generous
    Antonym: بَخِلَ (baḵila)
* to be or become precious

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

كَرَّمَ • (karrama) II (non-past يُكَرِّمُ (yukarrimu), verbal noun تَكْرِيم (takrīm))
* to call (someone) noble
* to honor, to venerate
* to exalt

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Noun

كَرَم • (karam) m
* verbal noun of كَرُمَ (karuma) (form I)
* nobleness, kindness
* generosity
    Synonym: سَخَاء (saḵāʔ)
** 2018 July 6, “رئيس الجمهورية يزور مدينة “عرتا” الجيبوتية [The President of the Republic visits the town of ʿartā of Djibouti]”, in وكالة الأنباء الوطنية الصومالية [Somali National News Agency]‎, archived from the original on 2019-01-27:
    لمدينة عرتا لها ذاكرة في قلوب الصوماليين، حيث إحتضنت نقبة كبيرة من المجتمع الصومالي، وأنها أصبحت رمزا للكرم والسخاء.li-madīnati ʕartā la-hā ḏākiratun fī qulūbi ṣ-ṣūmāliyyīna, ḥayṯu ḥtaḍanat naqbatan kabīratan mina l-mujtamaʕi ṣ-ṣūmāliyyi, wa-ʔanna-hā ʔaṣbaḥat ramzan li-l-karami wa-s-saḵāʔi.The town of ʿartā is of avid memory with the Somalis in that it embraced a large swathe of Somali society and became a symbol of openhandedness and generosity.

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: kərəm
* → Swahili: karamu (“banquet, celebration”)
** → English: karamu
* → Ottoman Turkish: كرم (kerem)
** Turkish: kerem
* → Spanish: encaramar (“to climb, to lift”)
* → Uyghur: كەرەم (kerem)
* → Uzbek: karam

### Etymology 2

Compare Ugaritic 𐎋𐎗𐎎 (krm, “vineyard”), Aramaic כַּרְמָא (karmā, “vineyard”), Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kérem, “vineyard”), Akkadian 𒃾 (karānum, “wine, vine, grapes”), and the possible etymon Egyptian kꜣm. Due to the small difference in the third consonant of the Akkadian form, the Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou suggests a borrowing from a language of Anatolia, the same suspicion as for Proto-West Semitic *wayn- (“grape”), and additionally speculates that the homonymic root related to nobleness derived from the name of the vine plant.

#### Noun

كَرْم • (karm) m (collective, singulative كَرْمَة f (karma), plural كُرُوم (kurūm))
* vineyard, vines, orchard

##### Descendants

* → Ge'ez: ክርም (kərm)
* → Spanish: carmen

### References

* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 1100–1101
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كرم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 459–460
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كرم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 28–29
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كرم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 888–890
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “كرم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 962–963

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic كَرَم (karam).

### Noun

كرم • (karim)
* generous
* noble

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kerem

### Proper noun

كرم • (Kerem)
* a male given name, Kerem, from Arabic

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَرَّمَ (karrama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kar.ram/, [ˈkar.ram]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

كرّم • (karram) II (present بكرّم (bikarrem))
* to honor
    Synonym: أكرم (ʔakram)