# 愾

| 愾 | U+613E, &#24894; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-613E |
| ← 愽 [U+613D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 愿 → [U+613F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

愾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心人弓木 (POND), four-corner 9801$_7$, composition ⿰忄氣)
* anger, wrath, hatred, enmity

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11029
* Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2337, character 5
* Unihan data for U+613E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 愾 | *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds |
| 忾 | *qʰrɯl |
| 刏 | *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls |
| 汽 | *kʰɯds |
| 氣 | *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds |
| 气 | *kʰɯds |
| 忥 | *qʰɯds |
| 餼 | *qʰɯds |
| 鎎 | *qʰɯds |
| 熂 | *qʰɯds |
| 霼 | *qʰɯds |
| 犔 | *qʰɯds |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kài (kai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): koi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^4$
*** Yale: kài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kay
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: koi$^3$
*** Yale: koi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: koi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: koi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔːi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: khojH
Rime :
| Character | 愾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦蓋切 |
| Baxter | khojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰəp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 愾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰəp-s/ |
| English | sigh; angry |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10136 |
| Phonetic component | 气 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 磕 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯːds/ |

#### Definitions

愾
* (literary) to hate; to resent; to be angry

#### Compounds

* 同仇敵愾 / 同仇敌忾 (tóngchóudíkài)
* 同讎敵愾 / 同雠敌忾 (tóngchóudíkài)
* 愾憤 / 忾愤
* 憤愾 / 愤忾
* 敵愾 / 敌忾 (díkài)
* 敵愾同仇 / 敌忾同仇 (díkàitóngchóu)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xì (xi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sì
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^4$
*** Yale: syì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$
*** Yale: hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: xj+jH
Rime :
| Character | 愾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許旣切 |
| Baxter | xj+jH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰəp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 愾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰəp-s/ |
| English | sigh; angry |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10145 |
| Phonetic component | 气 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰɯds/ |

#### Definitions

愾
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to sigh

#### Compounds

* 愾歎 / 忾叹
* 愾然 / 忾然

### References

* “愾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: かい (kai)、け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)、き (ki)
* Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
* Kun: ためいき (tameiki, 愾)

## Korean
### Hanja

愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

愾: Hán Nôm readings: khái
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation