# 甘藍
## Chinese

* 甘藍

### Etymology

The word was recorded in the late-11th-century book on medicinal plants 《證類本草》 by Tang Shenwei, quoting from the 9th-century book 《食醫心鏡》, now lost.
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē)?”

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānlán
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄌㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ laam$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kam-lâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gam$^1$ lam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$koe-le
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānlán
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄌㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganlán
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-lan$^2$
*** Yale: gān-lán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganlan
*** Palladius: ганьлань (ganʹlanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ län³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ laam$^4$
*** Yale: gām làahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ laam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ lam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ laːm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam-lâm
*** Tâi-lô: kam-lâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kamlaam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³ lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gam$^1$ lam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam lâm
*** Sinological IPA : /kam³³⁻²³ lam⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$koe-le
*** MiniDict: koe$^平$ le
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$koe-le
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵⁵ le²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kam lam
Rime :
| Character | 甘 | 藍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古三切 | 魯甘切 |
| Baxter | kam | lam |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑm/ | /lɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑm/ | /lɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑm/ | /lɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kam/ | /lam/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑm/ | /lɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑm/ | /lɑm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑm/ | /lɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gān | lán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ | laam$^4$ |

### Noun

甘藍
* (botany) Brassica oleracea
    結球甘藍／结球甘蓝 ― jiéqiúgānlán ― cabbage
    羽衣甘藍／羽衣甘蓝 ― yǔyīgānlán ― kale
    球莖甘藍／球茎甘蓝 ― qiújīnggānlán ― kohlrabi

#### Derived terms

* 抱子甘藍 / 抱子甘蓝
* 海甘藍 / 海甘蓝
* 球芽甘藍 / 球芽甘蓝
* 紫甘藍 / 紫甘蓝 (zǐgānlán)
* 結球甘藍 / 结球甘蓝 (jiéqiú gānlán)
* 羽衣甘藍 / 羽衣甘蓝 (yǔyī gānlán)
* 芽甘藍 / 芽甘蓝

#### Descendants

* → Thai: กะหล่ำ (gà-làm)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 甘 | 藍 |
| かん Grade: S | らん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 甘藍 (kɑm lɑm).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんらん [kàńráń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) かんらん [káꜜǹràǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kã̠n̺ɾã̠ɴ]

### Noun

甘(かん)藍(らん) • (kanran)
* cabbage

#### Synonyms

* 玉菜(たまな) (tamana), キャベツ (kyabetsu)

#### Derived terms

* 蕪甘藍(かぶかんらん) (kabu kanran, “kohlrabi”)
* 球茎甘藍(きゅうけいかんらん) (kyūkei kanran, “kohlrabi”)
* 子持甘藍(こもちかんらん) (komochi kanran, “Brussels sprout”)
* 羽衣甘藍(はごろもかんらん) (hagoromo kanran, “kale”)
* 花甘藍(はなかんらん) (hana kanran, “cauliflower”)
* 緑葉甘藍(りょくようかんらん) (ryokuyō kanran, “kale”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Yoron

Kanji in this term :
| 甘 | 藍 |
| Grade: S | Grade: S |

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 甘藍 (kɑm lɑm).

### Noun

甘藍(かんだん) (kandan)
* cabbage