# 埋葬
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): máizàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄞˊ ㄗㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maai$^4$ zong$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mài-chong
* Eastern Min (BUC): mài-cáung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bâi-chòng / bâi-chōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mai$^5$ zeng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máizàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˊ ㄗㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máizàng
*** Wade–Giles: mai$^2$-tsang$^4$
*** Yale: mái-dzàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maitzanq
*** Palladius: майцзан (majczan)
*** Sinological IPA : /maɪ̯³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maai$^4$ zong$^3$
*** Yale: màaih jong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maai$^4$ dzong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mai$^4$ zong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːi̯²¹ t͡sɔːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mài-chong
*** Hakka Romanization System: mai$^ˇ$ zong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mai$^2$ zong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mai̯¹¹ t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mài-cáung
*** Sinological IPA : /mai⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâi-chòng
*** Tâi-lô: bâi-tsòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baizoxng
*** IPA (Taipei): /bai²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bai²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bai¹³⁻²² t͡sɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bai²³⁻³³ t͡sɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bai²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâi-chōng
*** Tâi-lô: bâi-tsōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baizong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bai²³⁻³³ t͡sɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bai²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mai$^5$ zeng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâi tsṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: meaj tsangH
Rime :
| Character | 埋 | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 莫皆切 | 則浪切 |
| Baxter | meaj | tsangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠɛi/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚæi/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɐi/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məɨj/ | /t͡saŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mɛi/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mɐi/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /măi/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mái | zàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maai$^4$ | zong$^3$ |

### Verb

埋葬 (transitive)
* to bury (the dead); to inter
* (literary, figuratively) to wipe out; to eliminate
* (literary, figuratively) to hide; to conceal; to cover

#### Synonyms

* (to bury):
* 下葬 (xiàzàng)
* 入土 (rùtǔ)
* 埋藏 (máicáng)
* 安厝 (āncuò) (literary, or Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 安土 (Hokkien)
* 安葬 (ānzàng)
* 掩埋 (yǎnmái)
* 葬 (zàng)
* 落塗 / 落涂 (Hokkien)
* 落葬 (luòzàng)
* (to wipe out):
* 亡
* 剪除 (jiǎnchú)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 撲滅 / 扑灭 (pūmiè)
* 收拾 (colloquial)
* 根除 (gēnchú)
* 殲滅 / 歼灭 (jiānmiè)
* 殺滅 / 杀灭 (shāmiè)
* 毀滅 / 毁灭 (huǐmiè)
* 泯絕 / 泯绝 (mǐnjué) (literary)
* 消滅 / 消灭 (xiāomiè)
* 滅亡 / 灭亡 (mièwáng)
* 滅殺 / 灭杀 (mièshā)
* 滅絕 / 灭绝 (mièjué)
* 絕滅 / 绝灭 (juémiè)
* 翦除 (jiǎnchú) (literary)
* 解決 / 解决 (jiějué)
* 討滅 / 讨灭 (tǎomiè) (literary)
* (to hide):
* 掩 (yǎn)
* 掩蓋 / 掩盖 (yǎngài) (figurative)
* 掩藏 (yǎncáng)
* 掩飾 / 掩饰 (yǎnshì)
* 文飾 / 文饰 (literary)
* 藏掖 (cángyē)
* 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
* 遮掩 (zhēyǎn)
* 遮蓋 / 遮盖 (zhēgài)
* 隱匿 / 隐匿 (yǐnnì)
* 隱瞞 / 隐瞒 (yǐnmán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 埋葬(まいそう) (maisō)
* → Korean: 매장(埋葬) (maejang)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 埋 | 葬 |
| まい Grade: S | そう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まいそー [màísóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠iso̞ː]

### Noun

埋(まい)葬(そう) • (maisō)
* burial (of a body or ashes)

### Verb

埋(まい)葬(そう)する • (maisō suru) transitive suru (stem 埋(まい)葬(そう)し (maisō shi), past 埋(まい)葬(そう)した (maisō shita))
* bury (a body or ashes)
    ペットを庭(にわ)に埋葬(まいそう)する
       petto o niwa ni maisō suru
       bury a pet in the garden

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 埋葬し | まいそうし | maisō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 埋葬し | まいそうし | maisō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 埋葬する | まいそうする | maisō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 埋葬する | まいそうする | maisō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 埋葬すれ | まいそうすれ | maisō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 埋葬せよ¹ 埋葬しろ² | まいそうせよ¹ まいそうしろ² | maisō seyo¹ maisō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 埋葬される | まいそうされる | maisō sareru |
| Causative | 埋葬させる 埋葬さす | まいそうさせる まいそうさす | maisō saseru maisō sasu |
| Potential | 埋葬できる | まいそうできる | maisō dekiru |
| Volitional | 埋葬しよう | まいそうしよう | maisō shiyō |
| Negative | 埋葬しない | まいそうしない | maisō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 埋葬せず | まいそうせず | maisō sezu |
| Formal | 埋葬します | まいそうします | maisō shimasu |
| Perfective | 埋葬した | まいそうした | maisō shita |
| Conjunctive | 埋葬して | まいそうして | maisō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 埋葬すれば | まいそうすれば | maisō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 埋 | 葬 |

### Noun

埋葬 • (maejang) (hangeul 매장)
* hanja form of 매장 (“burial”)