# tukana
## Estonian
### Noun

tukana
* essive singular of tukk

## Nheengatu
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi tukana, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn. The broader use, including other toucan species and the Tucano people, is a semantic loan from Brazilian Portuguese tucano. Doublet of tukanu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuˈka.na/, [tuˈkã.nɐ]
* Rhymes: -ana
* Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na

### Adjective

tukana
* (relational) Tucano

### Noun

tukana (plural tukana-itá)
* toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)
* Tucano people
* (uncountable) Tucano language

#### Derived terms

* tukana-arasarí
* tukana-buya
* tukana-ira
* tukana-iwakawa
* tukana-makaxera
* tukana-maniiwa

### References

* Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “tukana”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 765

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.
Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní and Wayampi tukã.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tuˈkã.na]
* Rhymes: -ãna
* Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na

### Noun

tukana (unpossessable)
* toco toucan (Ramphastos toco)
    Synonym: tukanusu

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: tukana
* → French: toucan m (see there for further descendants)
* → New Latin: tucana, Tucana
* → Portuguese: tucano m (see there for further descendants)

### References

* Jean de Léry (1578) chapter XI, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 175: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
* Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 237v: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
* Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter XV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 217: “Tvcana [Tukana]”
* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tukana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 481, column 2
* Nelson Papavero, Dante Martins Teixeira (2014) Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus [Tupi zoonymy in the 16th-century European writings] (Arquivos NEHiLP; 3) (in Portuguese), São Paulo: FFLCH-USP, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 266

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tukana (infinitive kutukana)
* to abuse, insult

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tukana :
| Positive present | -natukana |
| Subjunctive | -tukane |
| Negative | -tukani |
| Imperative singular | tukana |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutukana |
| Negative | kutotukana |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tukana |
| Plural | tukaneni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutukana |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -litukana |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutukana |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatukana |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatukana |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -situkane |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetukana |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetukana |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalitukana |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalitukana |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metukana |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatukana |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatukana |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kitukana |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotukana |
| Consecutive | katukana / positive subject concord + -katukana |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -katukane |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** tukano (“abuse, insult”)