# 朦

| 朦 | U+6726, &#26406; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6726 |
| ← 朥 [U+6725] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朧 → [U+6727] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朦 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+14 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 月+13 in simplified Chinese and Japanese, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 17 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 月廿月人 (BTBO), four-corner 7423$_2$, composition ⿰月蒙)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 507, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14409
* Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2115, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6726

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 朦
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蒙 | *moːŋ |
| 冡 | *moːŋ |
| 濛 | *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ |
| 艨 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
| 朦 | *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ |
| 矇 | *moːŋ |
| 饛 | *moːŋ |
| 檬 | *moːŋ |
| 鸏 | *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ |
| 幪 | *moːŋ |
| 蠓 | *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ |
| 靀 | *moːŋ |
| 曚 | *moːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ): semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ).
Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not a simplification of 肉; 朦朧 / 朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méng (meng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mung$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bông
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^2$
*** Yale: méng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mung$^4$
*** Yale: mùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊŋ²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
*** Tâi-lô: bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mon
*** MiniDict: mon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: muwng, muwngX
Rime :
| Character | 朦 | 朦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫紅切 | 莫孔切 |
| Baxter | muwng | muwngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muŋ/ | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muŋ/ | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muŋ/ | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məwŋ/ | /məwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /muŋ/ | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /muŋ/ | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muŋ/ | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | méng | měng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mung$^4$ | mung$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*moːŋ/, /*moːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朦 | 朦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8973 | 8984 |
| Phonetic component | 冡 | 冡 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒙 | 蠓 |
| Old Chinese | /*moːŋ/ | /*moːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

朦
* (of moonlight) hazy; dim
    朦朧／朦胧 ― ménglóng ― hazy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover

### Compounds

* 朣朦 (tóngméng)
* 朦昧執迷 / 朦昧执迷
* 朦朣
* 朦朦
* 朦朧 / 朦胧 (ménglóng)
* 朦朧保舉 / 朦胧保举
* 朦朧恍惚 / 朦胧恍惚
* 朦朧朦朧 / 朦胧朦胧
* 朦狡
* 連朦帶忽 / 连朦带忽

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “朦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* dim, obscure (of moonlight)

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kan’yō-on: もう (mō)
* Kun: おぼろ (oboro, 朦)

#### Compounds

* 朦朦(もうもう), 朦々(もうもう) (mōmō)
* 朦気(もうき) (mōki)
* 朦沢(もうさわ) (Mōsawa)
* 朦霧(もうむ) (mōmu)
* 朦朧(もうろう) (mōrō)
* 昏朦(こんもう) (konmō)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朦 (MC muwng|muwngX).

### Hanja

Wikisource 朦 (eumhun 흐릴 몽 (heuril mong))
* hanja form of 몽 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”)

#### Compounds

* 농몽 (朧朦, nongmong)
* 몽롱 (朦朧, mongnong)
* 몽혼 (朦昏, monghon)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

朦: Hán Nôm readings: mông, mồng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.