# 牧

| 牧 | U+7267, &#29287; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7267 |
| ← 牦 [U+7266] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牨 → [U+7268] |

## Translingual
### Han character

牧 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人大 (HQOK), four-corner 2854$_0$, composition ⿰牜攵)

#### Derived characters

* 𫹘, 𤲧, 𫘎, 𮭁, 𦱒, 𤔤, 𢛮, 𣈊, 𭷧, 𤚓, 𭯡, 𭷯, 𮢒, 𮬾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 698, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19950
* Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1803, character 19
* Unihan data for U+7267

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牧 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 牛 (“cow”) + 攴 (“a whip”) – to herd.

### Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan འབྲོག་པ། ('brog pa, “herdsman; nomad; shepherd”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mù (mu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): muk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu̍k
* Eastern Min (BUC): mŭk / muŏk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): borh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$moq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mù
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$
*** Yale: mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: muk$^6$
*** Yale: muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: mug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk / muŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /muʔ⁵/, /muoʔ⁵/
* muŏk - only in the sense “to heal; to cure”.
* Middle Chinese: mjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 牧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 莫六切 |
| Baxter | mjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /miuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | muk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 牧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*mək/ |
| English | to herd, herdsman |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9335 |
| Phonetic component | 牧 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 目 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

牧
* to herd; to tend; to breed livestock
* herdsman; herder; shepherd
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to govern; to rule
* (historical) overlord; ruler (of one of the nine ancient city states in China)
* Short for 畜牧業／畜牧业 (xùmùyè, “animal husbandry”).
* (Christianity) pastor
    聘牧 ― pìnmù ― to hire a pastor
    按牧 ― ànmù ― to ordain a pastor
* (Eastern Min) to heal; to cure
* a surname

### Compounds

* 三牧
* 三生杜牧
* 不牧
* 九牧
* 井牧
* 京牧
* 人牧
* 仇牧
* 作牧
* 伯牧
* 侯牧
* 僮牧
* 先牧
* 典牧
* 典牧署
* 冏牧
* 出牧
* 力牧
* 十二牧
* 十羊九牧
* 卑以自牧
* 南牧
* 司牧
* 圉牧
* 坰牧
* 外牧
* 天牧
* 夷牧
* 奠牧
* 如狼牧羊
* 孳牧
* 守牧
* 官牧
* 宰牧
* 屠牧
* 山牧季移 (shānmùjìyí)
* 岳牧
* 州牧 (zhōumù)
* 廄牧 / 厩牧
* 廣牧 / 广牧
* 德牧
* 按牧 (ànmù)
* 放牧 (fàngmù)
* 放牧地
* 放牧業 / 放牧业
* 散牧
* 方牧
* 明牧
* 李牧
* 杜牧
* 楚牧
* 樵牧
* 民牧
* 治牧
* 洗兵牧馬 / 洗兵牧马
* 海洋牧場 / 海洋牧场
* 游牧 (yóumù)
* 游牧民族 (yóumù mínzú)
* 焚牧
* 牧丁
* 牧主
* 牧人 (mùrén)
* 牧令
* 牧伯
* 牧倅
* 牧兒 / 牧儿
* 牧副
* 牧包
* 牧區 / 牧区 (mùqū)
* 牧司
* 牧嘯 / 牧啸
* 牧圉
* 牧地
* 牧場 / 牧场 (mùchǎng)
* 牧夫 (mùfū)
* 牧夫座 (Mùfūzuò)
* 牧奴
* 牧子 (mùzǐ)
* 牧字
* 牧守 (mùshǒu)
* 牧室
* 牧宮 / 牧宫
* 牧宰 (mùzǎi)
* 牧宿
* 牧工
* 牧師 / 牧师 (mùshī)
* 牧廠 / 牧厂
* 牧戶 / 牧户
* 牧所
* 牧放
* 牧曹
* 牧業 / 牧业 (mùyè)
* 牧歌 (mùgē)
* 牧正
* 牧民 (mùmín)
* 牧漁 / 牧渔
* 牧瀆 / 牧渎
* 牧牛兒 / 牧牛儿
* 牧牛放馬 / 牧牛放马
* 牧犢 / 牧犊
* 牧犢子 / 牧犊子
* 牧田 (mùtián)
* 牧畜 (mùxù)
* 牧監 / 牧监
* 牧監副 / 牧监副
* 牧相
* 牧神之笛
* 牧童 (mùtóng)
* 牧笛 (mùdí)
* 牧羊 (mùyáng)
* 牧羊兒 / 牧羊儿
* 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn)
* 牧羊神
* 牧羊臣
* 牧羊讀書 / 牧羊读书
* 牧羝
* 牧群 (mùqún)
* 牧芻 / 牧刍
* 牧苑
* 牧草 (mùcǎo)
* 牧豎 / 牧竖
* 牧豕聽經 / 牧豕听经
* 牧豬奴 / 牧猪奴
* 牧豬奴戲 / 牧猪奴戏
* 牧身
* 牧道
* 牧野 (Mùyě)
* 牧野之戰 / 牧野之战
* 牧長 / 牧长
* 牧靡
* 牧養 / 牧养 (mùyǎng)
* 牧養納畜 / 牧养纳畜
* 牧馬 / 牧马 (mùmǎ)
* 牧騎 / 牧骑
* 犢牧採薪 / 犊牧采薪
* 產牧 / 产牧
* 田夫牧子
* 田牧
* 畜牧 (xùmù)
* 留牧
* 畜牧場 / 畜牧场
* 畜牧學 / 畜牧学 (xùmùxué)
* 畜牧業 / 畜牧业 (xùmùyè)
* 監牧 / 监牧 (jiānmù)
* 神牧
* 禁中頗牧 / 禁中颇牧
* 童牧
* 群牧
* 老牧
* 考牧
* 耕牧
* 聘牧 (pìnmù)
* 自牧 (zìmù)
* 舟牧
* 良牧
* 芻牧 / 刍牧
* 茭牧
* 荊牧 / 荆牧
* 菀牧
* 蓄牧
* 蕘牧 / 荛牧
* 藪牧 / 薮牧
* 蘇武牧羊 / 苏武牧羊
* 衡牧
* 規卿希牧 / 规卿希牧
* 誓牧
* 諸牧 / 诸牧
* 謙卑自牧 / 谦卑自牧
* 謙沖自牧 / 谦冲自牧 (qiānchōngzìmù)
* 謙牧 / 谦牧
* 謙虛自牧 / 谦虚自牧
* 賢牧 / 贤牧
* 輪牧 / 轮牧
* 輿牧 / 舆牧
* 農牧 / 农牧
* 農牧業 / 农牧业 (nóngmùyè)
* 遊牧 / 游牧 (yóumù)
* 邦牧
* 郊牧
* 郡牧
* 革牧
* 領牧 / 领牧
* 頗牧 / 颇牧
* 飼牧 / 饲牧
* 養牧 / 养牧
* 馬牧 / 马牧
* 駉牧 / 𬳶牧
* 驅牧 / 驱牧

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “牧”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* to herd

#### Readings

* Go-on: もく (moku)
* Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
* Kun: まき (maki, 牧, Jōyō)、かう (kau, 牧う)、やしなう (yashinau, 牧う)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 牧
* まき Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 牧 – see the following entry. :
| 【まき】 | [noun] pasture [proper noun] 牧: a surname |
(This term, 牧, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 牧 (MC mjuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 목〮 (mwók) (Yale: mwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 牧 (eumhun 칠 목 (chil mok))
* hanja form of 목 (“to herd”)

#### Compounds

* 목사 (牧師, moksa)
* 목자 (牧者, mokja, “shepherd”)
* 목장 (牧場, mokjang, “farm”)
* 목축 (牧畜, mokchuk, “stock-farming”)
* 방목 (放牧, bangmok)
* 유목 (遊牧, yumok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牧: Hán Nôm readings: mục, mặt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.