# اندر
## Hijazi Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /andur/

### Verb

اندر • (andur)
* second-person singular imperative of نَدَر (nadar)

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (BYN /⁠andar⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian *Hántarah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hántaras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔan.daɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔän̪.d̪äɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔän̪.d̪äɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔän̪.d̪äɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔän̪.d̪äɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæn̪.d̪æɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔän̪.d̪äɾ]

### Preposition

اندر • (andar)
* Archaic and poetic form of در (dar, “in; inside”)

#### Usage notes

* After the twelfth century, the shortened در (dar) becomes increasingly dominant, although اندر (andar) is still used in poetry for metrical and intentionally archaicizing purposes.

#### Related terms

* اندرون (andarun)
* اندرونی (andaruni)
* اندری (andari)

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اندر (andar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ənd̪ərʊ]

### Adverb

اَندَرُ • (andaru) (Devanagari अंदरु)
* inside

### References

* Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “اَندَرُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian اندر (andar, “inside, within”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ən.d̪əɾ/

#### Adverb

اَنْدَر • (andar) (Hindi spelling अंदर)
* inside
* within
* in

##### Related terms

* اَنْدَر باہَر (andar bāhar, “within and without; everywhere”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit उन्दुर (undura), उन्दुरु (unduru), उन्दरु (undaru), etc. from a lost Vedic substrate. Compare Bengali ইন্দুর (indur), ইঁদুর (ĩdur).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪn.d̪ʊɾ/

#### Noun

اِنْدُر • (indur) m (Hindi spelling इंदुर)
* rat
* mouse

### Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इन्द्र (indra). Compare Punjabi اندر (iṇdar), Kalasha اِن (in), Kamkata-viri ایںدر (ī˜drʻ), and Prasuni اِندر (indr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪn.d̪ɾᵊ/
* (colloquial) IPA: /ɪn.d̪əɾ/

#### Proper noun

اِنْدْر • (indr) m (Hindi spelling इंद्र)
* (Hinduism, Vedic religion) Indra (king of the deities and god of rain and thunder)
* a male given name, Indar or Indra, from Sanskrit, of Sikh and Hindu usage

##### Derived terms

* اِنْدْر جال (indr jāl, “trick, deception; magic”, literally “trap of Indra”)
* اِنْدْر دَھنُش (indr dhanuś, “rainbow”, literally “bow of Indra”)
* اِنْدْر کی پَری (indr kī parī, “beautiful woman; strange”, literally “Indra's fairy”)
* اِنْدْر لوک (indr lok, “heaven”, literally “realm of Indra”)

### Etymology 4

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit अनिद्र (anidra).

#### Adjective

اَنِدْر • (anidr) (Hindi spelling अनिद्र)
* awake
* wakeful
* sleepless

### References

* “اندر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اندر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “اندر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “اندر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.