# 單

| 單 | U+55AE, &#21934; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AE |
| ← 喭 [U+55AD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 喯 → [U+55AF] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 單 |
| Shinjitai | 単 |
| Simplified | 单 |

### Han character

單 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 6650$_6$, composition ⿱吅⿻日十 or ⿱吅⿻甲一)

#### Derived characters

* 僤, 嘽, 墠, 嬋, 㠆, 幝, 彈, 憚, 撣, 暺, 樿, 殫, 潬, 燀, 㺗, 磾, 禪, 繟, 䐷, 蟬, 襌, 觶, 貚, 䠤, 軃, 䡲, 驒, 鱓, 䵐, 嚲, 䯬, 奲, 戰, 鄲, 鷤, 囅, 匰, 癉, 㲷, 闡, 簞, 蕇

#### Descendants

* 单, 単

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
* Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 654, character 6
* Unihan data for U+55AE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 單 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 嚲 | *taːlʔ |
| 癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
| 奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
| 驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
| 鼉 | *daːl |
| 磾 | *teːl |
| 鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
| 觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
| 單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
| 鄲 | *taːn |
| 殫 | *taːn |
| 簞 | *taːn |
| 匰 | *taːn |
| 襌 | *taːn |
| 彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
| 貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
| 撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
| 潬 | *daːnʔ |
| 僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
| 憚 | *daːns |
| 樿 | *tjanʔ |
| 燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
| 戰 | *tjans |
| 闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 嘽 | *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ |
| 灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 蟬 | *djan |
| 禪 | *djan, *djans |
| 嬋 | *djan |
| 墠 | *djanʔ |
| 鱓 | *djanʔ |
| 蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) of a war or hunting weapon, a, Y-shaped wooden stick with two stones attached on top. The component in the middle in some oracle bones was a huge point which represented a rope around the stick; perhaps, this weapon was used as a spear and then retrieved through this rope. Otherwise, the huge point in the middle was another stone attached to the stick. The huge point was then stylized as an horizontal trait, as 口 (the stick resembled 中) and eventually as 田. The horizontal stroke at the bottom of the character was added later.
An alternative theory suggests that it represents a net to catch animals with two weights on top, but the huge point in the middle of the character in some oracle bones may not be a web or net.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dān (dan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dan$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дан (dan, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): an$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): dan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tân
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dan$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dan$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dăng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dua$^1$ / duaⁿ$^1$ / dang$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): toaⁿ / tan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): duan$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dang$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$te / $^1$taen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dan
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^1$
*** Yale: dān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dan
*** Sinological IPA : /tan⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дан (dan, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /tæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^1$
*** Yale: dāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: an$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /an³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tan⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tân
*** Hakka Romanization System: dan$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tan²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tan⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tæ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dăng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tua⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: duaⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tũã⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵³³/
* dua1/duaⁿ1 - vernacular;
* dang1 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit單 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /tan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tɛ̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /tan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /tan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡san⁵⁵/ /san²¹³/ 姓 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /tã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /taŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tæ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tæ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /te⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /te̞⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /tẽ̞³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ta³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tɛ³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tɔ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tan³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /tan³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tan⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tan⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tɑn²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tan⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tan⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tan⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tan⁵⁵/ /tuã⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /taŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tuiŋ⁵⁴/ 名 /tuiŋ²¹/ 形 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tuã³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdaŋ²³/ /ʔdua²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tan
Rime :
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都寒切 |
| Baxter | tan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tan/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.tˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tan › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.tˁar/ |
| English | single, simple |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| No. | 1995 |
| Phonetic component | 單 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 單 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːn/ |

#### Definitions

單
* single; individual; solitary
* thin; narrow; faint
* simple; uncomplicated
* (of clothes) unlined
* (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”).
* (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”).
* cover; bed sheet
* list; register; catalogue
* only; merely; simply
    From: 1925, 魯迅, 論「他媽的！」
    Bié de guódù lǐ zěnyàng, wǒ bù zhīdào. Dān zhīdào Nuòwēirén Hamsun yǒu yī běn xiǎoshuō jiào “Jī'è”, cūyě de kǒuwěn shì hěnduō de, dàn wǒ bìngbù jiàn zhè yī lèi huà. [Pinyin]
    I don't know what it's like in other countries. I only know that a Norwegian [named] Hamsun has [written] a novel called Hunger [in which] vulgar speech is plenty, but I have by no means seen this kind of thing [referring to 他媽的 / 他妈的 (tāmāde)].
* and; plus
* bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    埋單／埋单 [Cantonese] ― maai$^4$ daan$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to pay a bill
* (Cantonese) receipt (Classifier: 張／张 c)
* (Cantonese) transaction; order (Classifier: 張／张 c)
* Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
* (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people.
** 1952, 梁琛, directed by 梁琛, 十月芥菜 [A Ready Lover]‎, spoken by 張永超 (鄺山笑):
       o$^6$, go$^2$ daan$^1$ sai$^1$ zong$^1$ jau$^{5-2}$ aa$^4$? [Jyutping]
       Oh, that bloke in a suit?
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (ticket): 票 (piào), 券 (quàn); (Cantonese) 飛／飞 (fēi)
* (receipt):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 收據 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 收據 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 收據, 收條 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 收據, 收條, 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 收據, 收條, 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 收據, 收條 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 收條兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 收據, 收條 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 收據 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 收據 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 收據 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 收條兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 收到條兒, 收據 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 收條兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 收據 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 收據, 收條, 收條兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 收據, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 收據, 收條兒, 收條 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 收據, 收條 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 收據 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 收條 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 收據, 收條 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 收據, 收條兒, 收條, 牌牌子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 收據 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 收據 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 收據 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 收條 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 收據 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 收據, 收條 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 收據, 收條 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 收條 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 單, 收據, 收條 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 單 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 收條 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 收條 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 收條 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 收據, 收條 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 收條 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 收據 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 收據 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 收據 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 收據 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 收據 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 收據 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 收據, 收條 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 收據 |
| Jin | Datong | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 收據 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Linhe | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Jining | 收條 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 收到條兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 收條 |
| Jin | Handan | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Jin | Suide | 收據, 收條兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 收據 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 收據, 收條 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 收據 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 收據, 收條 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 收據, 收條 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 收條 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 收據, 收條 |
| Wu | Danyang | 收據, 收條 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 收據 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 收據 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 收條 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 收據 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 收據 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 收條 |

#### Compounds

* 七單 / 七单
* 丁單 / 丁单
* 三聯單 / 三联单
* 不單 / 不单 (bùdān)
* 交易單位 / 交易单位
* 仿單 / 仿单
* 估價單 / 估价单 (gūjiàdān)
* 估單 / 估单
* 住宅單元 / 住宅单元
* 保單 / 保单 (bǎodān)
* 保險單 / 保险单 (bǎoxiǎndān)
* 借單 / 借单 (jièdān)
* 傳單 / 传单 (chuándān)
* 傷單 / 伤单
* 價單 / 价单
* 儲存單位 / 储存单位
* 分單 / 分单
* 勢單力薄 / 势单力薄 (shìdānlìbó)
* 包單 / 包单
* 化驗單 / 化验单 (huàyàndān)
* 匹馬單槍 / 匹马单枪 (pǐmǎdānqiāng)
* 匹馬單鎗 / 匹马单枪 (pǐmǎdānqiāng)
* 名單 / 名单 (míngdān)
* 唔單至 / 唔单至
* 單一 / 单一 (dānyī)
* 單一市場 / 单一市场
* 單一神教 / 单一神教
* 單一稅 / 单一税
* 單一稅率 / 单一税率
* 單一預算 / 单一预算
* 單丁 / 单丁 (dāndīng)
* 單主寄生 / 单主寄生
* 單人 / 单人 (dānrén)
* 單人床 / 单人床 (dānrénchuáng)
* 單人房 / 单人房 (dānrénfáng)
* 單人旁 / 单人旁 (dānrénpáng)
* 單人獨馬 / 单人独马 (dānréndúmǎ)
* 單人車賽 / 单人车赛
* 單位 / 单位 (dānwèi)
* 單位價格 / 单位价格
* 單位詞 / 单位词
* 單位郵票 / 单位邮票
* 單個兒 / 单个儿
* 單倍體 / 单倍体 (dānbèitǐ)
* 單傳 / 单传 (dānchuán)
* 單價 / 单价 (dānjià)
* 單元 / 单元 (dānyuán)
* 單元劇 / 单元剧
* 單元音 / 单元音 (dānyuányīn)
* 單刀 / 单刀
* 單刀會 / 单刀会
* 單刀直入 / 单刀直入 (dāndāozhírù)
* 單刀破槍 / 单刀破枪
* 單刀赴會 / 单刀赴会
* 單利 / 单利 (dānlì)
* 單利法 / 单利法
* 單則 / 单则
* 單則是 / 单则是
* 單務契約 / 单务契约
* 單口相聲 / 单口相声
* 單句 / 单句 (dānjù)
* 單句對 / 单句对
* 單名 / 单名
* 單向 / 单向 (dānxiàng)
* 單吐 / 单吐
* 單向天線 / 单向天线
* 單向道 / 单向道 (dānxiàngdào)
* 單哨 / 单哨
* 單單 / 单单 (dāndān)
* 單夫隻婦 / 单夫只妇
* 單婚制 / 单婚制
* 單子 / 单子 (dānzi)
* 單字 / 单字 (dānzì)
* 單孢子 / 单孢子
* 單季田 / 单季田
* 單季稻 / 单季稻
* 單家 / 单家
* 單寒 / 单寒
* 單寧 / 单宁 (dānníng)
* 單寧酸 / 单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)
* 單峰駱駝 / 单峰骆驼 (dānfēng luòtuo)
* 單帳 / 单帐
* 單幫 / 单帮 (dānbāng)
* 單幹 / 单干
* 單幹戶 / 单干户
* 單式教學 / 单式教学
* 單式預算 / 单式预算
* 單弦 / 单弦 (dānxián)
* 單弦拉戲 / 单弦拉戏
* 單弦說唱 / 单弦说唱
* 單弱 / 单弱
* 單張匯票 / 单张汇票
* 單徑 / 单径
* 單徠 / 单徕
* 單循環賽 / 单循环赛
* 單思病 / 单思病
* 單性花 / 单性花
* 單憑 / 单凭
* 單戀 / 单恋 (dānliàn)
* 單扉 / 单扉
* 單打 / 单打 (dāndǎ)
* 單打一 / 单打一 (dāndǎyī)
* 單打獨鬥 / 单打独斗 (dāndǎdúdòu)
* 單拍子 / 单拍子
* 單挑 / 单挑
* 單拼法 / 单拼法
* 單掉兒 / 单掉儿
* 單提 / 单提
* 單撒手兒 / 单撒手儿
* 單擋 / 单挡
* 單據 / 单据 (dānjù)
* 單擺 / 单摆 (dānbǎi)
* 單數 / 单数 (dānshù)
* 單斜層 / 单斜层
* 單斜脊 / 单斜脊
* 單方 / 单方 (dānfāng)
* 單方面 / 单方面 (dānfāngmiàn)
* 單日 / 单日 (dānrì)
* 單月 / 单月
* 單板 / 单板
* 單核球 / 单核球 (dānhéqiú)
* 單核細胞 / 单核细胞 (dānhéxìbāo)
* 單格臨書 / 单格临书
* 單槓 / 单杠 (dāngàng)
* 單槍匹馬 / 单枪匹马 (dānqiāngpǐmǎ)
* 單機作業 / 单机作业
* 單步 / 单步
* 單注著 / 单注著
* 單法貨制 / 单法货制
* 單淘汰 / 单淘汰
* 單火輪 / 单火轮
* 單牌 / 单牌
* 單獨 / 单独 (dāndú)
* 單獨行為 / 单独行为
* 單癱 / 单瘫
* 單皮鼓 / 单皮鼓 (dānpígǔ)
* 單眉 / 单眉
* 單相 / 单相 (dānxiàng)
* 單相思 / 单相思 (dānxiāngsī)
* 單眉細眼 / 单眉细眼
* 單眼皮 / 单眼皮 (dānyǎnpí)
* 單眼相機 / 单眼相机
* 單科大學 / 单科大学
* 單程 / 单程 (dānchéng)
* 單程票 / 单程票 (dānchéngpiào)
* 單立人 / 单立人 (dānlìrén)
* 單簧管 / 单簧管 (dānhuángguǎn)
* 單純 / 单纯 (dānchún)
* 單純林 / 单纯林
* 單純詞 / 单纯词 (dānchúncí)
* 單絲不線 / 单丝不线
* 單絲羅 / 单丝罗
* 單線 / 单线 (dānxiàn)
* 單線進行 / 单线进行
* 單線領導 / 单线领导
* 單色 / 单色
* 單色瓷 / 单色瓷
* 單花植物 / 单花植物
* 單薄 / 单薄 (dānbó)
* 單號 / 单号 (dānhào)
* 單行 / 单行 (dānxíng)
* 單行本 / 单行本 (dānxíngběn)
* 單行法 / 单行法
* 單行法規 / 单行法规
* 單行犯 / 单行犯
* 單行線 / 单行线 (dānxíngxiàn)
* 單行路 / 单行路
* 單行道 / 单行道 (dānxíngdào)
* 單衣 / 单衣 (dānyī)
* 單衫百結 / 单衫百结
* 單衾 / 单衾
* 單被花 / 单被花
* 單褂 / 单褂
* 單親家庭 / 单亲家庭 (dānqīn jiātíng)
* 單記投票 / 单记投票
* 單詞 / 单词 (dāncí)
* 單說 / 单说
* 單調 / 单调 (dāndiào)
* 單調平凡 / 单调平凡
* 單賣 / 单卖
* 單跪 / 单跪
* 單身 / 单身 (dānshēn)
* 單身漢 / 单身汉 (dānshēnhàn)
* 單身貴族 / 单身贵族 (dānshēn guìzú)
* 單車 / 单车 (dānchē)
* 單車旅行 / 单车旅行
* 單軌 / 单轨 (dānguǐ)
* 單辭 / 单辞
* 單選 / 单选 (dānxuǎn)
* 單部句 / 单部句
* 單醣 / 单糖 (dāntáng)
* 單醪 / 单醪
* 單鉤 / 单钩
* 單門 / 单门
* 單間 / 单间 (dānjiān)
* 單露 / 单露
* 單面山 / 单面山
* 單音奏法 / 单音奏法
* 單音程 / 单音程
* 單音詞 / 单音词
* 單音語 / 单音语
* 單韻母 / 单韵母 (dānyùnmǔ)
* 單項 / 单项 (dānxiàng)
* 單項式 / 单项式 (dānxiàngshì)
* 單飛 / 单飞 (dānfēi)
* 單食性 / 单食性
* 單養養殖 / 单养养殖
* 單馬 / 单马 (dānmǎ)
* 單騎 / 单骑 (dānqí)
* 單體字 / 单体字
* 單鵠寡鳧 / 单鹄寡凫
* 四聯單 / 四联单
* 報單 / 报单 (bàodān)
* 天文單位 / 天文单位 (tiānwén dānwèi)
* 失單 / 失单
* 夾單 / 夹单
* 存單 / 存单 (cúndān)
* 孤單 / 孤单 (gūdān)
* 孤形單影 / 孤形单影
* 宣傳單 / 宣传单
* 工作單 / 工作单
* 帳單 / 帐单 (zhàngdān)
* 床單 / 床单 (chuángdān)
* 形單影單 / 形单影单
* 形單影支 / 形单影支
* 形單影隻 / 形单影只 (xíngdānyǐngzhī)
* 形隻影單 / 形只影单 (xíngzhīyǐngdān)
* 影隻形單 / 影只形单
* 憑單 / 凭单 (píngdān)
* 成績單 / 成绩单 (chéngjìdān)
* 戲單 / 戏单
* 戲碼單 / 戏码单
* 批單 / 批单
* 控制單元 / 控制单元
* 掛單 / 挂单
* 提單 / 提单 (tídān)
* 提貨單 / 提货单 (tíhuòdān)
* 支單 / 支单
* 方單 / 方单
* 易知由單 / 易知由单
* 書單 / 书单 (shūdān)
* 棧單 / 栈单
* 榜單 / 榜单 (bǎngdān)
* 標單 / 标单
* 款單 / 款单
* 水單 / 水单
* 油單 / 油单
* 清單 / 清单 (qīngdān)
* 照單全收 / 照单全收
* 田單 / 田单
* 發單 / 发单 (fādān)
* 白板單吊 / 白板单吊
* 眉單 / 眉单
* 知單 / 知单
* 禍不單行 / 祸不单行 (huòbùdānxíng)
* 禮單 / 礼单
* 稅單 / 税单 (shuìdān)
* 節目單 / 节目单 (jiémùdān)
* 簡單 / 简单 (jiǎndān)
* 簡單明瞭 / 简单明了 (jiǎndān-míngliǎo)
* 簡單機械 / 简单机械 (jiǎndān jīxiè)
* 簽單 / 签单
* 糧單 / 粮单
* 紅單子 / 红单子
* 罰單 / 罚单 (fádān)
* 聯單 / 联单
* 臥單 / 卧单
* 菜單 / 菜单 (càidān)
* 落單 / 落单 (luòdān)
* 藍單 / 蓝单
* 衾單 / 衾单
* 被單 / 被单 (bèidān)
* 訂單 / 订单 (dìngdān)
* 訂貨單 / 订货单
* 記憶單元 / 记忆单元
* 請購單 / 请购单
* 買單 / 买单 (mǎidān)
* 走單幫 / 走单帮
* 跑單幫 / 跑单帮 (pǎodānbāng)
* 通知單 / 通知单 (tōngzhīdān)
* 鐵臥單 / 铁卧单
* 開單 / 开单
* 闌單 / 阑单
* 隻手單拳 / 只手单拳
* 領單 / 领单
* 頭腦簡單 / 头脑简单
* 食單 / 食单 (shídān)
* 驗貨單 / 验货单
* 黑名單 / 黑名单 (hēimíngdān)

#### See also

* (only): 隻／只 (zhī)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chán (chan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sim$^4$ / sin$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sièng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siêng$^5$ / siang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chán
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$
*** Yale: chán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sim$^4$ / sin$^4$
*** Yale: sìhm / sìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sim$^4$ / sin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xim$^4$ / xin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːm²¹/, /siːn²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sièng
*** Sinological IPA : /sieŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân
*** Tâi-lô: siân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siêng$^5$ / siang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siêng / siâng
*** Sinological IPA : /sieŋ⁵⁵/, /siaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zoe
*** MiniDict: zoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyen
Rime :
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 市連切 |
| Baxter | dzyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑian/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*dar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyen › |
| Old Chinese | /*dar/ (< *[d]ar) |
| English | 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| No. | 2027 |
| Phonetic component | 單 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鋋 |
| Old Chinese | /*djan/ |

#### Definitions

單
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to surround
* Used in 單于 (chányú).
* Used in 單閼／单阏.

#### Compounds

* 單于 (chányú)
* 大單于

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shàn (Shan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Siêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Siān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siêng$^6$ / siang$^6$ / siang$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zoe / $^6$zuon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shàn
*** Wade–Giles: Shan$^4$
*** Yale: Shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shann
*** Palladius: Шань (Šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^6$
*** Yale: sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Siêng
*** Sinological IPA : /siɛŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siān
*** Tâi-lô: Siān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siêng$^6$ / siang$^6$ / siang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siĕng / siăng / siâng
*** Sinological IPA : /sieŋ³⁵/, /siaŋ³⁵/, /siaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zoe
*** MiniDict: zoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zuon
*** MiniDict: zuon$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /zzʷõ¹¹³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyenX, dzyenH
Rime :
| Character | 單 | 單 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 常演切 | 時戰切 |
| Baxter | dzyenX | dzyenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇn$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛn$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjæn$^X$/ | /d͡ʑjæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑian$^X$/ | /d͡ʑian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛn$^X$/ | /ʑiɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛn$^X$/ | /ʑĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛn$^X$/ | /ʑi̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàn | shàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sin$^6$ | sin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*djanʔ/, /*djans/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 單 | 單 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 2035 | 2037 |
| Phonetic component | 單 | 單 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 善 | 繕 |
| Old Chinese | /*djanʔ/ | /*djans/ |

#### Definitions

單
* (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong)
* a surname, Shan, Sin, or Sinn
    單立文／单立文 [Cantonese] ― sin$^6$ laap$^6$ man$^4$ [Jyutping] ― Pal Sinn
    單依純／单依纯 ― Shàn Yīchún ― Shan Yichun

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chǎn (chan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^3$
*** Yale: chǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaan
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

單
* Alternative form of 嘽 / 啴
* Alternative form of 繟 / 𦈎

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 亶 (“sincere, truthful ; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 亶).

### Etymology 6

* For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 憚 (“to fear”). (This character is a variant form of 憚).

### Etymology 7
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$
*** Yale: jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

#### Definitions

單
* Alternative form of 戰 / 战 (zhàn)
* Used in 單至／单至.

### Etymology 8
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán (tan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/

#### Definitions

單
* (rare) a surname

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “单”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 168.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “单”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 25.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “单”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 205.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 単 |
| Kyūjitai | 單 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 単)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan)、ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)、せん (sen)
* Kun: ひとえ (hitoe, 單)

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan))
* hanja form of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”)

#### Compounds

* 단어 (單語, daneo, “word”)
* 단순 (單純, dansun, “simple”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon))
* hanja form of 선 (“a barbarian”)

#### Compounds

* 선우 (單于, seonu, “Chanyu”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

單: Hán Nôm readings: đơn, đan, thiền, truyên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation