OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# birdling
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɜɹd.lɪŋ/

### Etymology 1

From bird +‎ -ling.

#### Noun

birdling (plural birdlings)
* A little bird; especially, a baby bird.
    Near-synonyms: birdlet, birdie, birb; chick, nestling, fledgling
** 1872, John Hay et al., Not Pretty, But Precious‎:Clasped, love, close to thy heart, thy birdling Foldeth her wings in peace-- Trusts, love! feeling nor cold nor shadow, Finding at last her ease, From fear a safe release, Heart's love, with thee."
** 1913, John L. Stoddard, Poems‎:Nay, fear not, birdling! let me gently Uplift and hold thee in my hand; Thou gazest on me so intently, Thou must my motive understand.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Old English byrdling; from Proto-Germanic *burdilingaz (equivalent to bord +‎ -ling).

#### Noun

birdling (plural birdlings)
* (dialectal, rare, puristic) A turtle

### Anagrams

* bridling
# Ochsenheimeria
## Translingual
### Etymology

From German Ochsenheimer +‎ -ia.

### Proper noun

Ochsenheimeria f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Ypsolophidae – certain moths.

#### Derived terms

* Ochsenheimeriinae

### See also

* Ochsenheimeria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ochsenheimeria on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Ochsenheimeria on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# ecogyfeillgar
## Welsh
### Etymology

From eco- +‎ cyfeillgar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɛkɔɡəˈvei̯ɬɡar/

### Adjective

ecogyfeillgar (feminine singular ecogyfeillgar, plural ecogyfeillgar, equative mor ecogyfeillgar, comparative mwy ecogyfeillgar, superlative mwyaf ecogyfeillgar)
* eco-friendly, environmentally friendly

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎ (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN
# scrutinees
## English
### Noun

scrutinees
* plural of scrutinee
# Radeček
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈradɛt͡ʃɛk]

### Proper noun

Radeček m anim
* a diminutive of the male given name Radek
# b****r
## English
### Noun

b****r (plural b****rs)
* Censored spelling of bugger.

### Verb

b****r (third-person singular simple present b****rs, present participle b****ring, simple past and past participle b****red)
* Censored spelling of bugger.

### Interjection

b****r
* Censored spelling of bugger.
# haistella
## Finnish
### Etymology

haistaa +‎ -ella (frequentative aspect)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑi̯stelːɑˣ/, [ˈhɑ̝i̯s̠te̞lːɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑistelːɑ
* Hyphenation: hais‧tel‧la

### Verb

haistella
* (transitive, usually atelic) to smell, sniff something.
* (transitive, usually atelic) to sniff, huff, inhale the fumes of something in order to get intoxicated

#### Derived terms

* haisteleminen
* haistelija
* haistelu

#### Related terms

* haistaa

### Further reading

* “haistella”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* ihastella
# stuuds
## Dutch
### Noun

stuuds
* plural of stuud
# catastrophe theory
## English
### Noun

catastrophe theory (uncountable)
* (mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with dynamical systems which can undergo abrupt irreversible qualitative changes due to a tiny change in parameters.

#### See also

* bifurcation theory
* chaos theory
# Charpy tests
## English
### Noun

Charpy tests
* plural of Charpy test
# carl
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English carl, from Old English carl, a borrowing from Old Norse karl (“man, husband”), from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Doublet of ceorl, churl, and karl.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /kɑːl/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /kɑɹl̩/
* Rhymes: -ɑːl, -ɑɹl̩

#### Noun

carl (plural carls)
* A rude, rustic man; a churl.
    Synonyms: hick, hob; see also Thesaurus:country bumpkin
** 1974, Guy Davenport, Tatlin!:In Lent noblemen and carls alike had got into the traces and pulled the carts of stone themselves.
* (Scotland, obsolete) A stingy person; a niggard.
    Synonyms: skinflint, tightwad; see also Thesaurus:miser

##### Related terms

* housecarl
* wife-carl

### Etymology 2

Uncertain.

#### Alternative forms

* carle

#### Verb

carl (third-person singular simple present carls, present participle carling, simple past and past participle carled)
* (obsolete, intransitive) To snarl; to talk grumpily or gruffly.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:, New York 2001, p.210:
    […] full of ache, sorrow, and grief, children again, dizzards, they carle many times as they sit, and talk to themselves, they are angry, waspish, displeased with everything […]

### See also

* hot carl

### Anagrams

* ACLR, CRLA

## Old English
### Etymology

From Old Norse karl (Danish karl (“man”), Swedish karl (“man”)), from Proto-Germanic *karilaz (“man, male”). Cognate with Old High German karl, karal and related to Old English ċeorl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑrl/, [kɑrˠl]

### Noun

carl m
* a freeman, a man of middle rank or social class (in Norse and Anglo-Saxon society)
* (by extension) a man
* (by extension, in compounds) a male
    carlcatt ― he-cat, a male cat
    carlfugol ― a male bird, cock

#### Derived terms

* carles wǣn (“Ursa Major”)
# Emánek
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛmaːnɛk]
* Rhymes: -aːnɛk
* Hyphenation: Emá‧nek

### Proper noun

Emánek m anim
* a diminutive of the male given names Eman or Emanuel

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Emánek”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “Emánek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# mölähtää
## Finnish
### Etymology

möly (“noise”) +‎ -ähtää

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmølæhtæːˣ/, [ˈmø̞læht̪æː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ølæhtæː
* Hyphenation: mö‧läh‧tää

### Verb

mölähtää
* (intransitive) to bellow (to utter a short low-pitch sound that resembles the roar of a bull)

#### Derived terms

* mölähdellä
* mölähdys
* mölähtäminen
* möläyttää

#### Related terms

* mölistä
* mölähdellä
* mölähdys

#### See also

* möläyttää (“to blurt”)

### Further reading

* “mölähtää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# trahta
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrɑx.tɑ/

### Noun

trahta
* genitive plural of traht
# vadszeder
## Hungarian
### Etymology

vad +‎ szeder

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɒtsɛdɛr]
* Hyphenation: vad‧sze‧der

### Noun

vadszeder (plural vadszedrek)
* blackberry (a fruit-bearing shrub of the species Rubus fruticosus)
* blackberry (the soft fruit borne by this shrub, formed of a black (when ripe) cluster of drupelets)
    Synonyms: földi szeder, fekete szeder
# Túatha Dé Danann
## Middle Irish
### Etymology

Literally, “the folk of the goddess Danu”

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuːa̯θə dʲeː ˈdanən͈/

### Proper noun

Túatha Dé Danann f pl
* (Irish mythology) A supernatural race in Irish mythology, thought to represent deities of pre-Christian Gaelic Ireland.

#### Descendants

* Irish: Tuatha Dé Danann
* Scottish Gaelic: Tuatha Dè Danann

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “Danann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 túath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# αίγα
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* αιξ (aix) — Katharevousa

### Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek αἴγα (aíga), from Ancient Greek αἴξ, αἶγα (aíx, aîga). See also γίδι (gídi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɣa/
* Hyphenation: αί‧γα

### Noun

αίγα • (aíga) f (plural αίγες) (formal or popular)
* goat
    Synonym: κατσίκα (katsíka)

#### Derived terms

* αιγόδερμα n (aigóderma, “goatskin”)

#### Related terms

* γίδι (gídi)

#### See also

* see: κατσίκι n (katsíki, “goat”)

### References

* αίγα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# Charpy impact test
## English
### Etymology

Named after French scientist Georges Charpy (1865–1945).

### Noun

Charpy impact test (plural Charpy impact tests)
* (materials science) A test of the impact strength of a material, used to determine its relative ductility or brittleness.
    Synonyms: Charpy, Charpy test
# brustit ut
## Swedish
### Verb

brustit ut
* supine of brista ut
# Oldík
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈolɟiːk]

### Proper noun

Oldík m anim
* a diminutive of the male given names Olda or Oldřich

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Oldík”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
# Norþmandiscum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnorθ.mɑn.diʃ.ʃum/, [ˈnorˠð.mɑn.diʃ.ʃum]

### Adjective

Norþmandisċum
* inflection of Norþmandisċ:
** strong dative masculine/neuter singular
** strong/weak dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter plural
# asem
## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Dutch asem (“breath”), from Middle Dutch âsem, âessem, from Old Dutch *āththem, from Proto-West Germanic *āþm, from Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz.

#### Noun

asem (plural asems, diminutive asempie)
* breath

### Etymology 2

From Dutch asem, from Middle Dutch âdemen.

#### Verb

asem (present asem, present participle asemende, past participle geasem)
* to breathe

##### Derived terms

* inasem
* uitasem

##### Related terms

* asemhaal

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch âsem, âessem, from Old Dutch *āththem, from Proto-West Germanic *āþm, from Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːsəm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: asem
* Rhymes: -aːsəm

### Noun

asem m (uncountable)
* Alternative form of adem

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: asem
* Negerhollands: aassem

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦲꦱꦼꦩ꧀ (asem), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈasəm]
* Hyphenation: asêm

### Adjective

asêm
* alternative spelling of asam

### Noun

asêm (plural asem-asem)
* alternative spelling of asam

## Kabyle
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

asem (preterite yusem, negative preterite yusim)
* to be envious, jealous

## Maranao
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm.

### Adjective

asem
* sour

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.sɛm/
* Rhymes: -asɛm
* Syllabification: a‧sem

### Noun

asem
* instrumental singular of as

## Portuguese
### Verb

asem
* inflection of asar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦲꦱꦼꦩ꧀ (asem), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm. Doublet of haseum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.səm/
* Hyphenation: a‧səm

### Noun

asem (Sundanese script ᮃᮞᮨᮙ᮪)
* tamarind
    Synonym: kamal

#### Derived terms

* asem kawak
* kapiasem

### Further reading

* Maman Sumantri, et al. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia
# ἀλώπηξ
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ᾰ̓λωπός (ălōpós)

### Etymology

Presumably from earlier Proto-Hellenic *alōpēkos, *alṓpāks. Some linguists have attempted derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lōpeh₂s (stem *h₂lop-); compare Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs), Lithuanian lãpė, Latvian lapsa and Sanskrit लोपाश (lopāśá). The many irregular variations on the word may suggest a Mediterranean wanderword instead; compare Luwian [script needed] (ulipna-)/[script needed] (walipna-, “wolf”) and Latin vulpēs (“fox”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.lɔ̌ː.pɛːks/ → /aˈlo.piks/ → /aˈlo.piks/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.lɔ̌ː.pɛːks/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aˈlo.pe̝ks/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aˈlo.piks/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aˈlo.piks/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aˈlo.piks/

### Noun

ᾰ̓λώπηξ • (ălṓpēx) f (genitive ᾰ̓λώπεκος); third declension
* fox (small canine of the genus Vulpes)
** 1st century C.E., Gospel of Matthew 8, 20b and Gospel of Luke 9, 58b (Q).
    Αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις, ὁ δὲ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ.Hai alṓpekes phōleoùs ékhousin kaì tà peteinà toû ouranoû kataskēnṓseis, ho dè huiòs toû anthrṓpou ouk ékhei poû tḕn kephalḕn klínēi.The foxes have holes and the birds of the sky have roosts, but the Son of Man has nothing where he may lay his head.
    Synonym: βασσάρα (bassára)
* (figuratively) cunning or sly person

#### Derived terms

* ἀλωπεκία (alōpekía)
* ἀλωπεκίζειν (alōpekízein)
* ἀλωπέκιον (alōpékion)
* ἀλωπεκίς (alōpekís)
* ἀλωπέκουρος (alōpékouros)
* κυναλώπηξ (kunalṓpēx)
* χηναλώπηξ (khēnalṓpēx)

#### Descendants

* Greek: > αλεπού (alepoú) (inherited), → ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), αλώπηξ (alópix) (learned)
* Mariupol Greek: алыпу́ (alypú)
* Pontic Greek: αλεπός (alepós)
* → Samoan: ālope (learned)
** → Tokelauan: ālope (learned)
* → Translingual: Alopex (learned)

### Further reading

* “ἀλώπηξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἀλώπηξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἀλώπηξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀλώπηξ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀλώπηξ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G258 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 342
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. fox idem, page 341.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx).

### Noun

ἀλώπηξ • (alṓpēx) f (plural αλώπεκες)
* (Katharevousa) fox

#### Alternative forms

* αλώπηξ (alópix)

#### Synonyms

* αλεπού f (alepoú)

#### Related terms

* Αλώπηξ f (Alópix, “Vulpecula”)
# duší
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈduʃiː]

### Noun

duší
* inflection of duše:
** instrumental singular
** genitive plural

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈduʃiː]

### Noun

duší
* genitive plural of duša
# utbrista
## Swedish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Swedish utbrista, equivalent to ut (“out”) +‎ brista (“burst”)

### Verb

utbrista (present utbrister, preterite utbrast, supine utbrustit, imperative utbrist)
* to exclaim, to burst out
    Synonym: brista ut

#### Related terms

* brista

### References

* utbrista in Svensk ordbok.
# Pepíček
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛpiːt͡ʃɛk]

### Proper noun

Pepíček m anim
* a diminutive of the male given names Pepa or Josef

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Pepíček”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Pepíček”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# Norþmandisca
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnorθ.mɑn.diʃ.ʃɑ/, [ˈnorˠð.mɑn.diʃ.ʃɑ]

### Adjective

Norþmandisċa
* inflection of Norþmandisċ:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular
# cañóns
## English
### Noun

cañóns
* plural of cañón
# expense account
## English
### Noun

expense account (plural expense accounts)
* A bank account which employees may make withdrawals from for work-related purposes.
* An arrangement whereby an employee is reimbursed for work-related expenses.
** 1964 May, “News and Comment: BR meal prices up again”, in Modern Railways, page 293:On its recent experience with meal price increases, the BRB considers that the fresh surcharge will not prove a deterrent to present patrons, many of whom are travelling on expense accounts; [...].

#### Coordinate terms

* FSA, flex account
# Bloxwich
## English
### Etymology

Evidence suggests that it was a small Mercian settlement named after the family of Bloc (earlier Blochescwic, meaning "Bloc's village").

### Proper noun

Bloxwich
* A town in Walsall borough, West Midlands, England, historically in Staffordshire (OS grid ref SJ9902).
# pollutionary
## English
### Etymology

From pollution +‎ -ary.

### Adjective

pollutionary (not comparable)
* Of or relating to pollution.
    Synonym: pollutional
** 1875 January 1, “Vacation Letter. [By an Independent Member.]”, in The Birmingham Daily Post, volume XXIII, number 5,140, Birmingham, published 1875 January 2, →OCLC, page 6, column 1:No pollutionary matter of any moment escapes from this factory into the sewers, although, if care were not taken, pollution might occur of considerable intensity.
** 1969, A Statistical Supplement to the 1969 Annual Report of the Department Of Water & Sewers, City of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., →OCLC, page 43:The Chemistry Unit now provides regular operation using the Atomic Absorption Instrument for precise and rapid determination of rather minute quantities of metallic ions present in water. Its usefulness is especially significant in the area of detection of toxic metals, such as lead, chromium and cadmium which may enter the water supply through pollutionary sources.
** 1970, Arthur I[rwin] Waskow, “The Three-Hundred-Years War”, in Running Riot: A Journey Through the Official Disasters and Creative Disorder in American Society (An Azimuth Book), New York, N.Y.: Herder and Herder, →LCCN, →OCLC, part I (White After Black: From Sit-In to Mutiny), page 56:Thus the concomitant of the booty of FHA suburban loans is the ulcer, the crippling crash, the pollutionary lung cancer, and the highway tax bill that are created by the long auto ride.
# Vojtíšek
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvojciːʃɛk]

### Proper noun

Vojtíšek m anim
* a diminutive of the male given names Vojta or Vojtěch

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Vojtíšek”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “Vojtíšek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# Norþmandisces
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnorθ.mɑn.diʃ.ʃes/, [ˈnorˠð.mɑn.diʃ.ʃes]

### Adjective

Norþmandisċes
* strong genitive masculine/neuter singular of Norþmandisċ
# haltioida
## Finnish
### Etymology

haltia +‎ -oida

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑltioi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈhɑ̝l̪t̪iˌo̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: hal‧ti‧oi‧da

### Verb

haltioida
* (uncommon) Synonym of haltioittaa

#### Derived terms

* haltioittaa
# Canons
## English
### Proper noun

Canons
* plural of Canon

### Anagrams

* Ancons, ancons, scanno
# náprsek
## Old Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈnaːpr̩sɛk/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈnaːpr̩sɛk/

### Noun

náprsek m inan
* breastplate

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “náprsek”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# partid
## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* партид (partid) — Moldovan Cyrillic spelling

### Etymology

From partidă, from Greek παρτίδα (partída), from Venetan partida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /parˈtid/
* Rhymes: -id
* Hyphenation: par‧tid

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

partid n (plural partide)
* (politics) party

#### Derived terms

* fără de partid
* partid de buzunar
* partid istoric

#### Related terms

* partidă
* pluripartidism

### Further reading

* partid in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Spanish
### Verb

partid
* second-person plural imperative of partir
# Gruiformes
## Translingual
### Etymology

Grus (“genus of cranes”) +‎ -iformes

### Proper noun

Gruiformes
* A taxonomic order within the class Reptilia.

#### Hypernyms

* (order): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neognathae – infraclass; Neoaves – superorder

#### Hyponyms

* (order): Aramidae (limpkins), Gruidae (cranes), Heliornithidae (finfoots), Psophiidae (trumpeters), Rallidae (rails), Sarothruridae (flufftails) – extant families

### References

* Gruiformes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Gruiformes on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Gruiformes on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gruiformes at Avian Taxonomy in Flux
* Gruiformes at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Gruiformes at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “Grues”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
# Mates
## English
### Etymology

Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Hungarian Mátés, a pet form of the personal name Máté.
* Borrowed from Catalan Mates, from the plural of mata (“scrub”).

### Proper noun

Mates (plural Mateses)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Mates is the 39419th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 558 individuals. Mates is most common among White (82.26%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Mates”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 531.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmatɛs]

### Proper noun

Mates m anim
* a diminutive of the male given name Matěj

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Mates”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Mates”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# copprouse
## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English coperose, from Old French coperose.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔpˈrəʊs/

### Noun

copprouse
* (figurative) corn poppy (bud), red poppy (bud), Papaver rhoeas (bud)

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 31
# cànons
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈka.nuns]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈka.nons]
* Rhymes: -ons

### Noun

cànons m pl
* plural of cànon