# 敝

| 敝 | U+655D, &#25949; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-655D |
| ← 敜 [U+655C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 敞 → [U+655E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

敝 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火月人大 (FBOK), four-corner 9824$_0$, composition ⿰㡀攵)

#### Derived terms

* 𠍯, 𰈡, 𡡹, 徶, 𢠳, 撇, 潎, 獙, 𣊶, 𣘮, 𤏰, 𥋗, 𥢭, 襒, 𦒐, 𧒀, 䠥, 䥕(𬭯), 𩡡, 蔽, 𥳆, 𤺓
* 𠟈, 𠢪, 𡐞, 𡚁, 嫳, 幣, 弊, 彆, 憋, 撆, 𣁢, 暼, 𭬅, 𣰉, 𤎨, 獘, 𦠞, 𠒳, 𤮕, 瞥, 䌘, 𦗥, 蟞, 𧝬, 𣱔, 斃, 𧢍(𬢓), 𧸁, 蹩, 鄨, 鐅, 䨆, 𮦮, 𩦉, 鱉(鳖), 鷩(𫜁), 鼈(𱌇), 𣀽, 龞(𱍈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 472, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13245
* Dae Jaweon: page 824, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1461, character 4
* Unihan data for U+655D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敝 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蔽 | *peds |
| 鄨 | *peds, *ped |
| 鷩 | *peds, *ped |
| 彆 | *peds, *peːd |
| 潎 | *pʰeds, *pʰed |
| 斃 | *beds, *bed |
| 敝 | *beds, *bed |
| 幣 | *beds |
| 弊 | *beds |
| 鱉 | *ped |
| 虌 | *ped |
| 憋 | *ped, *pʰed, *peːd |
| 瞥 | *pʰed, *pʰeːd |
| 鐅 | *pʰed, *pʰeːd |
| 嫳 | *bed, *pʰeːd |
| 撇 | *pʰeːd |
| 撆 | *pʰeːd |
| 暼 | *pʰeːd |
| 蹩 | *beːd |
| 襒 | *beːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *beds, *bed): phonetic 巾 (OC *krɯn) + semantic 攴; then, the left component evolved into 㡀, in which the points around the cloth represent dust and/or dirt.
The glyph represents the idea of beating a cloth with a stick to clean it from the dust.
Similar but unrelated to 黹.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bì (bi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bai$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pē / pè
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bì
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$
*** Yale: bì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bai$^6$
*** Yale: baih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē
*** Tâi-lô: pē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pe
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pe²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pe⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pè
*** Tâi-lô: pè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pex
*** IPA (Taipei): /pe¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pe²¹/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit敝 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pi³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pi³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pi⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /bi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /bi³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /bi¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /bei²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pi³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pei⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pəi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pi⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pɐi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pe²²/ /pe²¹/ 俗 |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pɛi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pi³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbi³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: bjiejH
Rime :
| Character | 敝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 毗祭切 |
| Baxter | bjiejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /biɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]e[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*beds/, /*bed/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 敝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjiej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]e[t]-s/ |
| English | destroy; worn out |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 敝 | 敝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 633 | 645 |
| Phonetic component | 敝 | 敝 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 獘 | 獘 |
| Old Chinese | /*beds/ | /*bed/ |

### Definitions

敝
* (polite) my; our
** 歡迎來到敝校／欢迎来到敝校 ― huānyíng láidào bì xiào ― Welcome to our school.
* (literary) worn-out; shabby; tattered
* (literary) decayed; corrupted
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) tired; fatigued
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fail; to be defeated
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to break; to destroy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 弊 (bì, “fault; defect; drawback”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 蔽 (bì, “to cover; to shield; to deceive”)

### Compounds

* 凋敝 (diāobì)
* 千金敝帚
* 如棄敝屣 / 如弃敝屣 (rúqìbìxǐ)
* 季子裘敝
* 彫敝 / 雕敝 (diāobì)
* 悉索敝賦 / 悉索敝赋
* 振衰起敝
* 敝上
* 敝人 (bìrén)
* 敝友
* 敝國 / 敝国 (bìguó)
* 敝地
* 敝塾
* 敝屣 (bìxǐ)
* 敝屣尊榮 / 敝屣尊荣
* 敝屣王侯
* 敝屣視之 / 敝屣视之
* 敝屣自珍
* 敝帚千金 (bìzhǒuqiānjīn)
* 敝帚自珍 (bìzhǒuzìzhēn)
* 敝房
* 敝眷
* 敝笱
* 敝膝
* 敝處 / 敝处
* 敝號 / 敝号
* 敝蹝 (bìxǐ)
* 敝鬼
* 棄若敝屣 / 弃若敝屣 (qìruòbìxǐ)
* 民生凋敝
* 民生彫敝 / 民生雕敝
* 疲敝
* 視如敝屣 / 视如敝屣
* 罷敝 / 罢敝
* 脣焦舌敝 / 唇焦舌敝
* 舌敝脣焦 / 舌敝唇焦
* 蠱敝 / 蛊敝
* 靡敝

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: べ (be)
* Kan-on: へい (hei)
* Kun: やぶれる (yabureru)

## Korean
### Hanja

敝 (eum 폐 (pye))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

敝: Hán Nôm readings: tệ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.