# 喘

| 喘 | U+5598, &#21912; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5598 |
| ← 喗 [U+5597] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 喙 → [U+5599] |

## Translingual
### Han character

喘 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口山一月 (RUMB), four-corner 6202$_7$, composition ⿰口耑)
* pant, gasp, breathe heavily

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 198, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3946
* Dae Jaweon: page 420, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 655, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5598

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 喘
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 揣 | *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ |
| 褍 | *toːlʔ, *toːn |
| 惴 | *tjols |
| 圌 | *djol, *djon |
| 篅 | *djol, *djon |
| 瑞 | *djols |
| 端 | *toːn |
| 剬 | *toːn, *tjonʔ |
| 偳 | *toːn, *tʰoːn |
| 鍴 | *toːn |
| 耑 | *toːn |
| 踹 | *toːns, *djonʔ |
| 湍 | *tʰoːn, *tjon |
| 煓 | *tʰoːn |
| 貒 | *tʰoːn, *tʰoːns |
| 諯 | *stʰons, *tjon, *tʰjons, *djon |
| 顓 | *tjon |
| 喘 | *tʰjonʔ |
| 遄 | *djon |
| 輲 | *djon |
| 椯 | *djon |
| 歂 | *djon, *djonʔ |
| 腨 | *djonʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjonʔ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuǎn (chuan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhoán
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuan$^3$
*** Yale: chwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choan
*** Palladius: чуань (čuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^2$
*** Yale: chyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoán
*** Tâi-lô: tshuán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhwenX
Rime :
| Character | 喘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌兖切 |
| Baxter | tsyhwenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰiuᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰʷiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰjuæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰwian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiuɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭwɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tʰ]orʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjonʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 喘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhwen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tʰ]orʔ/ |
| English | to pant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 喘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2517 |
| Phonetic component | 耑 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 舛 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjonʔ/ |

### Definitions

喘
* to pant; to gasp
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to breathe
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) breath; breathing

### Derived terms

* 哮喘 (xiàochuǎn)
* 喘息 (chuǎnxī)
* 喘氣 / 喘气 (chuǎnqì)
* 怦怦喘 (phēⁿ-phēⁿ-chhoán) (Min Nan)
* 氣喘 / 气喘 (qìchuǎn)
* 氣喘吁吁 (qìchuǎnxūxū)
* 氣喘如牛 / 气喘如牛 (qìchuǎnrúniú)
* 苟延殘喘 / 苟延残喘 (gǒuyáncánchuǎn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* pant
* gasp
* breathe hard

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kan’yō-on: ぜん (zen)、ぜい (zei)
* Kun: あえぐ (aegu, 喘ぐ)、せく (seku, 喘く)、せき (seki, 喘)

## Korean
### Hanja

喘 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

喘: Hán Nôm readings: suyễn, suyển, siễn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.