# arg
## Translingual
### Symbol

arg
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Aragonese.
* (mathematics) The symbol for the argument function, which finds the polar angle of a complex number.

#### Usage notes

* (mathematics): The symbol arg is defined in ISO 80000-2:2019 to represent the principal value of the argument function. However, arg is often used to represent the multi-valued argument function, with Arg representing the principal value specifically.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Aragonese terms

## English
### Etymology 1

Shortening.

#### Noun

arg (plural args)
* (programming, informal) An argument; a value passed as a parameter.
    The first arg needs to be an int.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

arg (uncountable)
* Alternative form of arg. (“argent”)

### Etymology 3
#### Interjection

arg
* (informal) Expressing frustration or disappointment.

### Anagrams

* Gra, gar, grá, RAG, Rag, Gar, RGA, rag, GAR, agr-

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* argull (Tosk), ergjëz (standard), ergjiz

### Etymology

Arbëreshë; from Proto-Albanian *arga, from Proto-Indo-European *Horgʰi (compare Armenian ոջիլ (oǰil)).
(Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Noun

arg m
* (Arbëresh) nit

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish argh, from Old Norse argr, from Proto-Germanic *argaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃orǵʰ-, *h₃erǵʰ- (“to copulate”).

### Adjective

arg (neuter argt, plural and definite singular attributive arge)
* fierce, stubborn, unyielding, ardent
* (rare) bitter, bad, angry

### References

* “arg” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “arg” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *arka, from Proto-Germanic *argaz. Compare German arg.

### Adjective

arg (genitive ara, partitive arga, comparative arem, superlative kõige arem)
* cowardly, shy

#### Declension
## German
### Etymology

From Old High German arg, from Proto-Germanic *argaz. Compare Hunsrik aarich, Pennsylvania German arrig, Central Franconian ärch, and Dutch erg. Also etymologically linked is English eerie.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

arg (strong nominative masculine singular arger, comparative ärger, superlative am ärgsten)
* bad
    im Argen liegen ― to be in disorder
* intense
* wicked
* disgusting

#### Usage notes

Capitalized Arg- with any ending other than -s is in fact the (nominalized) adjective arg, not the noun Arg.

#### Related terms

* Arg
* ärgern
* Arglist
* arglistig
* arglos
* Argwohn
* argwöhnen
* argwöhnisch
* verargen

### Further reading

* “arg” in Duden online
* “arg” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish orcaid.

### Verb

arg (present analytic argann, future analytic argfaidh, verbal noun argain, past participle argtha)
* (transitive) destroy, plunder

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | argain | argain | argain | argain | argain | argain | argain | argain |
| past participle | argtha | argtha | argtha | argtha | argtha | argtha | argtha | argtha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | argaim | argann tú; argair$^†$ | argann sé, sí | argaimid | argann sibh | argann siad; argaid$^†$ | a argann; a argas / a n-argann* | argtar |
| past | d'arg mé; d'argas / arg mé‡; argas‡ | d'arg tú; d'argais / arg tú; argais‡ | d'arg sé, sí / arg sé, sí‡ | d'argamar; d'arg muid / argamar; arg muid‡ | d'arg sibh; d'argabhair / arg sibh; argabhair‡ | d'arg siad; d'argadar / arg siad; argadar‡ | a d'arg / ar arg* | argadh; hargadh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'argainn / argainn‡; n-argainn‡‡ | d'argtá / argtá‡; n-argtá‡‡ | d'argadh sé, sí / argadh sé, sí‡; n-argadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'argaimis; d'argadh muid / argaimis; argadh muid‡; n-argaimis‡‡; n-argadh muid‡‡ | d'argadh sibh / argadh sibh‡; n-argadh sibh‡‡ | d'argaidís; d'argadh siad / argaidís; argadh siad‡; n-argaidís‡‡; n-argadh siad‡‡ | a d'argadh / a n-argadh* | d'argtaí / argtaí‡; n-argtaí‡‡ |
| future | argfaidh mé; argfad | argfaidh tú; argfair$^†$ | argfaidh sé, sí | argfaimid; argfaidh muid | argfaidh sibh | argfaidh siad; argfaid$^†$ | a argfaidh; a argfas / a n-argfaidh* | argfar |
| conditional | d'argfainn / argfainn‡; n-argfainn‡‡ | d'argfá / argfá‡; n-argfá‡‡ | d'argfadh sé, sí / argfadh sé, sí‡; n-argfadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'argfaimis; d'argfadh muid / argfaimis‡; argfadh muid‡; n-argfaimis‡‡; n-argfadh muid‡‡ | d'argfadh sibh / argfadh sibh‡; n-argfadh sibh‡‡ | d'argfaidís; d'argfadh siad / argfaidís‡; argfadh siad‡; n-argfaidís‡‡; n-argfadh siad‡‡ | a d'argfadh / a n-argfadh* | d'argfaí / argfaí‡; n-argfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-arga mé; go n-argad$^†$ | go n-arga tú; go n-argair$^†$ | go n-arga sé, sí | go n-argaimid; go n-arga muid | go n-arga sibh | go n-arga siad; go n-argaid$^†$ | — | go n-argtar |
| past | dá n-argainn | dá n-argtá | dá n-argadh sé, sí | dá n-argaimis; dá n-argadh muid | dá n-argadh sibh | dá n-argaidís; dá n-argadh siad | — | dá n-argtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | argaim | arg | argadh sé, sí | argaimis | argaigí; argaidh$^†$ | argaidís | — | argtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “arg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “oirgid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Middle English
### Adjective

arg
* Alternative form of argh

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑrɡ/, [ɑrˠɣ]

### Adjective

arg (Northumbrian)
* Alternative form of earg

#### Declension
### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “arg”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* arc, arga

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *arg, see also Old English earg, Old Norse argr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arɣ/, /arɡ/

### Adjective

arg
* bad, wicked, godless
* cowardly, honourless

#### Derived terms

* argī

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: arc
** Alemannic German: arg, arig
    Swabian: arg
** Bavarian: oarg
** Central Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)
    Hunsrik: aarich
** German: arg
** Luxembourgish: uerg
** Rhine Franconian:
    Palatine German: aarich, arch, arich
    Pennsylvania German: arig, arrig
** → Medieval Latin: arga

### Further reading

* Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish argher, from Old Norse argr, from Proto-Germanic *argaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃orǵʰ-, *h₃erǵʰ- (“to copulate”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arj/, [arj]
* Audio:(file)
Rhymes: -arj

### Adjective

arg (comparative argare, superlative argast)
* angry, mad
    Jag blev arg på honomI got mad at him
    Elin blev mycket arg när hennes hund kissade i köketElin was very angry when her dog peed in the kitchen

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Synonyms

* vred
* ilsken

### References

* arg in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* arg in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* arg in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *arka.

### Adjective

arg
* shy, timid

#### Declension
## Welsh
### Etymology

From English argument.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arɡ/

### Noun

arg m (plural argiau)
* (grammar, mathematics) argument
* (mathematics) amplitude

#### Derived terms

* arg uniongyrchol (“direct argument”)

#### See also

* (physics) osgled (“amplitude”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* 1 2 3 R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arg”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* 1 2 Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎ (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN, page 28