# 攙

| 攙 | U+6519, &#25881; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6519 |
| ← 攘 [U+6518] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 攚 → [U+651A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

攙 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 手弓口戈 (QNRI), four-corner 5701$_3$, composition ⿰扌毚)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 463, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12991
* Dae Jaweon: page 812, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1984, character 16
* Unihan data for U+6519

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 纔 | *zlɯː, *zlɯːs, *sraːm |
| 讒 | *zrɯːm, *zraːms |
| 饞 | *zrɯːm |
| 毚 | *zrɯːm, *zraːm |
| 欃 | *zrɯːm, *zraːms |
| 攙 | *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm |
| 儳 | *zrɯːm, *zrɯːms, *sʰraːms |
| 酁 | *zrɯːm |
| 瀺 | *zrɯːmʔ |
| 嚵 | *sʰraːms, *zraːm, *zlamʔ |
| 巉 | *zraːm, *zraːmʔ |
| 劖 | *zraːm |
| 艬 | *zraːm, *zraːms |
| 鑱 | *zraːm, *zraːms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm): semantic 手 + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chān, chán (chan$^1$, chan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢ, ㄔㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chham
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chān
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chan
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^1$
*** Yale: chān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chan
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chán
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$
*** Yale: chán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^1$
*** Yale: chāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham
*** Tâi-lô: tsham
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhafm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzream, tsrhaem
Rime :
| Character | 攙 | 攙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 士咸切 | 楚銜切 |
| Baxter | dzream | tsrhaem |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠɛm/ | /t͡ʃʰˠam/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚam/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /t͡ʃʰam/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐəɨm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨm/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /t͡ʃʰam/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /t͡ʃʰam/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱăm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰam/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chán | chān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^4$ | caam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯːm/, /*sʰraːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 攙 | 攙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1225 | 1230 |
| Phonetic component | 毚 | 毚 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 讒 | 攙 |
| Old Chinese | /*zrɯːm/ | /*sʰraːm/ |

### Definitions

攙
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stab; to insert
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sharp
* to mix; to blend; to adulterate
    alt. forms: 摻 / 掺
* to support by the arm
    alt. forms: 摻 / 掺, 儳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take by force; to seize

#### Usage notes

In Mainland China, use of the character 摻／掺 (chān) to mean "to mix" (instead of 攙) is recommended by the The First Series of Standardized Forms of Words with Non-standardized Variant Forms (《第一批异形词整理表》) and Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》).

### Compounds

* 打攙 / 打搀
* 攙假 / 搀假 (chānjiǎ)
* 攙先 / 搀先
* 攙兌 / 搀兑 (chānduì)
* 攙口 / 搀口
* 攙合 / 搀合
* 攙和 / 搀和
* 攙夥 / 搀伙
* 攙奪 / 搀夺
* 攙扶 / 搀扶 (chānfú)
* 攙扶婆 / 搀扶婆
* 攙放 / 搀放
* 攙空 / 搀空
* 攙行奪市 / 搀行夺市
* 攙親 / 搀亲
* 攙言接語 / 搀言接语
* 攙話接舌 / 搀话接舌
* 攙越 / 搀越
* 攙雜 / 搀杂 (chānzá)
* 長攙攙 / 长搀搀

### References

* “攙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* give helping hand

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen)
* Kan-on: さん (san)、しん (shin)
* Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
* Kun: さす (sasu, 攙す)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠m]
* Phonetic hangul: [참]

### Hanja

Wikisource 攙 (eum 참 (cham))
* to give a helping hand
* to support, hold up

## Vietnamese
### Han character

攙: Hán Nôm readings: sọm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.