# 泳

| 泳 | U+6CF3, &#27891; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CF3 |
| ← 泲 [U+6CF2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 泴 → [U+6CF4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

泳 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水戈弓水 (EINE), four-corner 3313$_2$, composition ⿰氵永)

#### Derived characters

* 𮦛, 𬠘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 619, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17328
* Dae Jaweon: page 1014, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6CF3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泳 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 永 | *ɢʷraŋʔ |
| 栐 | *ɢʷraŋʔ |
| 泳 | *ɢʷraŋs |
| 詠 | *ɢʷraŋs |
| 咏 | *ɢʷraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷraŋs): semantic 氵 + phonetic 永 (OC *ɢʷraŋʔ).

### Etymology

Possibly related to Thai ว่าย (wâai, “to swim”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yǒng (yong$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yun$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wing$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ven$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yn$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yún
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yun$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): yng$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): êng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): éng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ion
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^3$
*** Yale: yǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
*** Palladius: юн (jun)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yun$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen
*** Sinological IPA : /yn²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wing$^6$
*** Yale: wihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wing$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wing$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɪŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ven$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ven³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yn$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /yn¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /iun³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: yng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /yŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
*** Tâi-lô: íng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /ioŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ion
*** MiniDict: ion$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ion
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: yn$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hjwaengH
Rime :
| Character | 泳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (112) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 爲命切 |
| Baxter | hjwaengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠwiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷraŋ(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 泳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǒng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷraŋ(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | go in water, wade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 泳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15425 |
| Phonetic component | 永 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 詠 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷraŋs/ |

### Definitions

泳
* to swim
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hàn zhī guǎng yǐ, bùkě yǒng sī. [Pinyin]
    The breadth of the Han Cannot be dived across.
* a surname

### Compounds

* 仰泳 (yǎngyǒng)
* 側泳 / 侧泳 (cèyǒng)
* 捷泳 (jiéyǒng)
* 暢泳 / 畅泳
* 泳壇 / 泳坛 (yǒngtán)
* 泳手 (yǒngshǒu)
* 泳捆 (yǒngkǔn)
* 泳氣鐘 / 泳气钟
* 泳池 (yǒngchí)
* 泳衣 (yǒngyī)
* 泳裝 / 泳装 (yǒngzhuāng)
* 海豚泳
* 涵泳
* 游泳 (yóuyǒng)
* 游泳圈 (yóuyǒngquān)
* 游泳池 (yóuyǒngchí)
* 游泳衣 (yóuyǒngyī)
* 游泳褲 / 游泳裤 (yóuyǒngkù)
* 潛泳 / 潜泳 (qiányǒng)
* 爬泳 (páyǒng)
* 背泳 (bèiyǒng)
* 自由泳 (zìyóuyǒng)
* 蛙泳 (wāyǒng)
* 蝶泳 (diéyǒng)
* 裸泳 (luǒyǒng)
* 電泳 / 电泳 (diànyǒng)

### References

* “泳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* to swim

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)
* Kun: およぐ (oyogu, 泳ぐ, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 泳
* えい Grade: 3
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 泳 (MC hjwaengH).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [e̞ː]

### Affix

泳(えい) • (ei)
* swim

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泳 (MC hjwaengH). Recorded as Middle Korean 여ᇰ〯 (yěng) (Yale: yeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 泳 (eumhun 헤엄칠 영 (heeomchil yeong))
* hanja form of 영 (“dive”)
* hanja form of 영 (“swim”)

#### Compounds

* 배영 (背泳, baeyeong, “backstroke”)
* 수영 (水泳, suyeong, “swimming”)
* 수영복 (水泳服, suyeongbok, “swimsuit”)
* 접영 (蝶泳, jeobyeong, “butterfly stroke”)
* 평영 (平泳, pyeong'yeong, “breaststroke”)
* 혼영 (混泳, honyeong, “a medley (race)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 泳

## Kunigami
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: ういじゅん (uijun, 泳じゅん)

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: っゐーじゅん ('wījun, 泳じゅん)

## Vietnamese
### Nom glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, vịnh): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 永 (vĩnh).

### Han character

泳: Hán Việt readings: vịnh
泳: Nôm readings: vịnh, vạnh
* chữ Nôm form of vịnh (“gulf, bay”).
* chữ Hán form of vịnh (“dive, swim”).

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: うく゚ん (ungun, 泳く゚ん)