# gast
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɡɑːst/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ɡæst/
* Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst

### Verb

gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)
* (obsolete) To frighten.
** c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], signature [D4], recto:[H]ee charges home my vnprouided body, lancht mine arme, but when he ſaw my beſt alarumd ſpirits, bould in the quarrels, rights, rouſd to the encounter, or whether gaſted by the noyſe I made, but ſodainly he fled.

#### Derived terms

* gastly

### Anagrams

* ATGs, GATS, GTAs, TAGs, gats, stag, tags

## Breton
### Etymology

Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).

### Noun

gast f (plural gisti)
* (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch

#### Inflection
## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Doublet of gejst.

#### Noun

gast
* (obsolete) ghost, revenant
    Synonyms: spøgelse, genganger, genfærd, gespenst

### Etymology 2

From German Gast (“guest”), from Proto-West Germanic *gasti. Doublet of gæst.

#### Noun

gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)
* a (unspecialized) crewmember on a ship
    Synonyms: matros, sømand

### Further reading

* “gast” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣɑst/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gast
* Rhymes: -ɑst

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.

#### Noun

gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)
* guest
    Synonym: genodigde
    Antonyms: gastheer, gastvrouw
    Ik heb afgelopen week wat familie te gast gehad. ― Some family members stayed with me as guests last week.
* (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
    Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
* (colloquial) dude, guy
    Synonyms: gozer, vent
    Die gast is echt niet goed bij z'n hoofd. ― That guy really isn't right in the head.
    Zijn broer is best een aardige gast. ― His brother is quite a nice guy.
    Gast, waar heb je het nou helemaal over? ― Dude, what are you even on about?

##### Derived terms

* bakkersgast
* bruiloftsgast
* eregast
* gastenverblijf
* gastheer
* gasthuis
* gastorganisme
* gastrecht
* gastvriend
* gastvrij
* gastvrouw
* logeergast
* meestergast
* slaapgast
* slagersgast
* spuitgast
* vergasten

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: gast

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

gast
* inflection of gassen:
** second/third-person singular present indicative
** (archaic) plural imperative

## Gothic
### Romanization

gast
* Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄

## Icelandic
### Verb

gast
* singular past indicative of getast

## Middle English
### Noun

gast
* Alternative form of gost

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* gǣst, gaast

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɑːst/

### Noun

gāst m
* spirit
    sē Hālga Gāstthe Holy Spirit
    Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.I'll be with you in spirit.
* ghost
* breath
* demon

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* gāstlīċ (“spiritual”)

#### Descendants

* Middle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste
** English: ghost
** Scots: gaist, gast, ghaist
** Yola: gaast

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* wast

### Etymology

Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)

### Noun

gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)
* destruction

### Adjective

gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)
* destroyed; ravaged; decimated

#### Descendants

* English: waste (from the variant wast)

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (gast)
* gast on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

## Old Frisian
### Alternative forms

* gēst

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡaːst/

### Noun

gāst m
* ghost, spirit

#### Descendants

* Saterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest
* West Frisian: geast

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).

### Noun

gast m (plural gesti)
* guest

#### Derived terms

* gasttuom

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: gast
** Bavarian: Gåst
** German: Gast
*** → Esperanto: gasto
** Luxembourgish: Gaascht
** Yiddish: גאַסט (gast)

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.

### Noun

gast m
* guest

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: gast
** Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gast
    Sauerländisch: Gast
    Westmünsterländisch: Gast
** Plautdietsch: Gaust
** → Saterland Frisian: Gast
** → West Frisian: gast

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

See gäst

#### Noun

gast c
* A crew member on a ship
** 1882, Carl Eneroth, Humoresker till lands och sjös, page 10:Gastarne på Gefion hade öfverraskat några makliga sköldpaddor, som tagit sig en stadigare tupplur hitanför Gibraltar, och de der tystlåtna gökarne skänktes bort af kaptenen hit och dit, så att slutligen blott en fans öfrig.The crew of the Gefion had surprised a few lazy turtles, who had taken a more substantial nap hither of Gibraltar, and those silent fellows were given away by the captain here and there, so that at last only one remained.

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

#### Noun

gast c
* A ghost
    Synonym: vålnad

##### Usage notes

The more common word for ghost is spöke.

##### Derived terms

* gastkramande

### References

* gast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* sagt, stag, tags

## Welsh
### Etymology

Cognate with Cornish gest, Breton gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).

### Noun

gast f (plural geist)
* bitch, female dog
    Coordinate term: ci
* (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) bitch
* (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) whore
    Synonym: putain

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gast”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies