# 弔

| 弔 | U+5F14, &#24340; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F14 |
| ← 弓 [U+5F13] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 引 → [U+5F15] |

## Translingual
### Han character

弔 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓中 (NL) or 難弓中 (XNL), four-corner 1752$_7$, composition ⿻弓丨)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9698
* Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 989, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5F14

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 弔 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 盄 | *tjiw |
| 弔 | *tiːwɢ |
| 伄 | *tiːwɢs |
A man over an arrow tied to a silk thread; the original meaning was "shooting arrows to birds and wild beasts". In the modern version, the man on top has disappeared. A conservative variant is 𢎣.

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 弔 – see 吊 (“to condole; to mourn; to pity; to hang; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 吊).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dì (di$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dì
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^4$
*** Yale: dì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dik$^1$
*** Yale: dīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tek
Rime :
| Character | 弔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都歷切 |
| Baxter | tek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tiek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | di |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤ[i]wk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 弔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tek › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁ[i]wk/ |
| English | arrive |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 弔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2363 |
| Phonetic component | 弔 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 的 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiːwɢ/ |

#### Definitions

弔
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to reach; to arrive
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) good

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* condolences

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kun: とむらう (tomurau, 弔う, Jōyō)、とぶらう (toburau, 弔う)、つる (tsuru)

## Korean
### Hanja

弔 • (jo, jeok) (hangeul 조, 적, revised jo, jeok, McCune–Reischauer cho, chŏk, Yale co, cek)
* to condole, to mourn, to pity
* to hang

## Vietnamese
### Han character

弔: Hán Nôm readings: điếu
* to condole; to mourn
* (obsolete) to hang

### References

* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).