# 愕

| 愕 | U+6115, &#24853; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6115 |
| ← 愔 [U+6114] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 愖 → [U+6116] |

## Translingual
### Han character

愕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 心口口尸 (PRRS), four-corner 9602$_7$, composition ⿰忄咢)
* startled, alarmed, astonished

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10939
* Dae Jaweon: page 731, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2328, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6115

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): è (e$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngok$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngok
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): go̍k / gia̍h / ngia̍h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngok$^6$
*** Yale: ngohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngok
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋok̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: go̍k
*** Tâi-lô: go̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: gia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giah
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ɡiaʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiaʔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: ngia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngiah
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋiãʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ŋiãʔ⁴/
* go̍k - literary;
* gia̍h/ngia̍h - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: ngak
Rime :
| Character | 愕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五各切 |
| Baxter | ngak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | è |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 愕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | è |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngak › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-qʰˁak/ |
| English | scared |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9466 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 咢 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

愕
* startled; scared; astonished
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 諤 / 谔 (è, “honest speech”)

#### Compounds

* 惋愕
* 愕愕
* 愕愕睜睜 / 愕愕睁睁
* 愕然 (èrán)
* 愕眙
* 愕視 / 愕视
* 眼愕愕
* 錯愕 / 错愕 (cuò'è)
* 震愕
* 驚愕 / 惊愕 (jīng'è)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* surprised
* frightened

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): がく (gaku)
* Kun: おどろく (odoroku, 愕く)

## Korean
### Hanja

愕 (eum 악 (ak))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

愕: Hán Nôm readings: ngạc, ngắc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.