# 莞

| 莞 | U+839E, &#33694; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-839E |
| ← 莝 [U+839D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莟 → [U+839F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莞 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿十一山 (TJMU) or 難廿十一山 (XTJMU), four-corner 4421$_1$, composition ⿱艹完)

#### Derived characters

* 𣻻, 𪼒, 𥕜, 𦎻

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1034, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31063
* Dae Jaweon: page 1493, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3225, character 5
* Unihan data for U+839E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ): semantic 艸 + phonetic 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guān (guan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gun$^1$ / gwaan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guān
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guan
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$
*** Yale: gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
*** Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^1$ / gwaan$^1$
*** Yale: gūn / gwāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^1$ / gwaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^1$ / guan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn⁵⁵/, /kʷaːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kwan, hwan
Rime :
| Character | 莞 | 莞 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古丸切 | 胡官切 |
| Baxter | kwan | hwan |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑn/ | /ɦuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑn/ | /ɦʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwan/ | /ɦwan/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guān | huán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gun$^1$ | wun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kŋoːn/, /*ɦŋoːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莞 | 莞 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| No. | 16108 | 16127 |
| Phonetic component | 元 | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 官 | 桓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kŋoːn/ | /*ɦŋoːn/ |

#### Definitions

莞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a type of long-stem watergrass, possibly the softstem rush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) or Shichito matgrass (Cyperus malaccensis)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) mat woven using this kind of grass
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 莞簟
* 莞蒻

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guǎn (guan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gun$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gon$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): guon$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guêng$^2$ / guang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^3$
*** Yale: gwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goan
*** Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^2$
*** Yale: gún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kᵘɔn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: guon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuɔn³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koán
*** Tâi-lô: kuán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koarn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guêng$^2$ / guang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuéng / kuáng
*** Sinological IPA : /kueŋ⁵²/, /kuaŋ⁵²/
* guêng2 - Chaozhou;
* guang2 - Shantou.

#### Definitions

莞
* Used in 東莞／东莞 (Dōngguǎn, “Dongguan”); also used as its short form.

#### Compounds

* 東莞 / 东莞 (Dōngguǎn)
* 莞城 (Guǎnchéng)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎn (wan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): uāng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^3$
*** Yale: wǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^5$
*** Yale: wúhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uāng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: hwaenX
Rime :
| Character | 莞 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸板切 |
| Baxter | hwaenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuan$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚan$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuan$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwan$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwan$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋroːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莞 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 16140 |
| Phonetic component | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 睆 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦŋroːnʔ/ |

#### Definitions

莞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smiling

#### Compounds

* 莞然
* 莞爾 / 莞尔 (wǎn'ěr)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎn (wan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^3$
*** Yale: wǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^5$
*** Yale: wúhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn¹³/

#### Definitions

莞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 脘 (wǎn, “gastric cavity”)

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 莞 – see 豌. (This character is a variant form of 豌).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)、かん (kan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: い (i, 莞)、むしろ (mushiro, 莞)、わらう (warau, 莞う)

## Korean
### Hanja

莞 • (gwan, wan) (hangeul 관, 완, revised gwan, wan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, wan, Yale kwan, wan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

莞: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.