# 胞

| 胞 | U+80DE, &#32990; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80DE |
| ← 胝 [U+80DD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 胟 → [U+80DF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

胞 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月心口山 (BPRU), four-corner 7721$_2$, composition ⿰月包)

#### Derived characters

* 𠷤, 褜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 979, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29396
* Dae Jaweon: page 1430, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2062, character 7
* Unihan data for U+80DE

## Chinese

* 胞

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 胞
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 袍 | *buː |
| 袌 | *buː, *buːs |
| 軳 | *buː |
| 抱 | *buːʔ |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 菢 | *buːs |
| 勹 | *pruː |
| 包 | *pruː |
| 胞 | *pruː, *pʰruː |
| 苞 | *pruː |
| 枹 | *pruː, *bu, *bu |
| 飽 | *pruːʔ |
| 泡 | *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː |
| 炮 | *pʰruːs, *bruː |
| 皰 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 疱 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 跑 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 咆 | *bruː |
| 庖 | *bruː |
| 匏 | *bruː |
| 刨 | *bruː |
| 狍 | *bruː |
| 炰 | *bruː |
| 鉋 | *bruː, *bruːs |
| 瓟 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 颮 | *bruː, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鞄 | *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鮑 | *bruːʔ |
| 骲 | *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 玸 | *bu |
| 雹 | *bruːɡ |
| 窇 | *bruːɡ |

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/m-bu ~ pru (“nest; womb; placenta”). Cognate with Tibetan ཕྲུ་མ (phru ma, “womb”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāo (bao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baau$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pâu / phâu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bao
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$
*** Yale: bāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^1$
*** Yale: bāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu / phâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˊ$ / pau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bau$^1$ / pau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴/, /pʰau̯²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau
*** Tâi-lô: pau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: paew, phaew
Rime :
| Character | 胞 | 胞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 布交切 | 匹交切 |
| Baxter | paew | phaew |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠau/ | /pʰˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚau/ | /pʰᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pau/ | /pʰau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨw/ | /pʰaɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /pau/ | /pʰau/ |
| Wang Li | /pau/ | /pʰau/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pau/ | /pʰau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bāo | pāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baau$^1$ | paau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤ<r>u/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pruː/, /*pʰruː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 胞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæw › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁ<r>u/ |
| English | womb |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 胞 | 胞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 274 | 279 |
| Phonetic component | 勹 | 勹 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 包 | 胞 |
| Old Chinese | /*pruː/ | /*pʰruː/ |

#### Definitions

胞
* afterbirth; placenta
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) womb
* born of the same parents
* (figuratively) born of the same ancestors; fellow countrypeople; compatriot
* Short for 細胞／细胞 (xìbāo, “cell”).

#### Compounds

* 保衛細胞 / 保卫细胞
* 僑胞 / 侨胞 (qiáobāo)
* 刺囊細胞 / 刺囊细胞
* 動物細胞 / 动物细胞
* 卵細胞 / 卵细胞
* 同胞 (tóngbāo)
* 同胞兄弟 (tóngbāo xiōngdì)
* 同胞共乳
* 同胞雙生 / 同胞双生
* 吞噬細胞 / 吞噬细胞 (tūnshì xìbāo)
* 多胞胎 (duōbāotāi)
* 大陸同胞 / 大陆同胞
* 子細胞 / 子细胞 (zǐxìbāo)
* 小胞子囊
* 山地同胞 (shāndì tóngbāo)
* 山地山胞
* 山胞 (shānbāo)
* 平地山胞
* 性細胞 / 性细胞
* 息胞
* 民胞物與 / 民胞物与 (mínbāowùyǔ)
* 氣胞 / 气胞
* 液胞 (yèbāo)
* 漿細胞 / 浆细胞 (jiāngxìbāo)
* 災胞 / 灾胞
* 盲胞
* 破骨細胞 / 破骨细胞 (pògǔxìbāo)
* 神經細胞 / 神经细胞 (shénjīng xìbāo)
* 精細胞 / 精细胞 (jīngxìbāo)
* 細胞 / 细胞 (xìbāo)
* 細胞分裂 / 细胞分裂 (xìbāo fēnliè)
* 細胞壁 / 细胞壁 (xìbāobì)
* 細胞學 / 细胞学 (xìbāoxué)
* 細胞核 / 细胞核 (xìbāohé)
* 細胞膜 / 细胞膜 (xìbāomó)
* 細胞色素 / 细胞色素 (xìbāo sèsù)
* 細胞質 / 细胞质 (xìbāozhì)
* 細胞週期 / 细胞周期 (xìbāo zhōuqī)
* 細胞銀行 / 细胞银行
* 纖維細胞 / 纤维细胞 (xiānwéixìbāo)
* 聾胞 / 聋胞
* 胞兄 (bāoxiōng)
* 胞兄弟 (bāoxiōngdì)
* 胞囊孢子
* 胞妹 (bāomèi)
* 胞姊
* 胞姊妹
* 胞子 (bāozǐ)
* 胞子世代
* 胞子器
* 胞子囊群
* 胞子蟲 / 胞子虫
* 胞子體 / 胞子体
* 胞弟 (bāodì)
* 胞胎
* 胎胞
* 胞與 / 胞与 (bāoyǔ)
* 胞與為懷 / 胞与为怀
* 胞芽
* 胞芽杯
* 胞衣 (bāoyī)
* 胞間層 / 胞间层
* 胞間連絲 / 胞间连丝 (bāojiānliánsī)
* 腺細胞 / 腺细胞
* 腦細胞 / 脑细胞 (nǎoxìbāo)
* 臺胞 / 台胞 (táibāo)
* 臺胞證 / 台胞证 (táibāozhèng)
* 色質細胞 / 色质细胞
* 蒙胞
* 衣胞 (yībāo)
* 雙胞胎 / 双胞胎 (shuāngbāotāi)
* 難胞 / 难胞
* 雷雨胞
* 骨細胞 / 骨细胞 (gǔxìbāo)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pāo, bāo (pao$^1$, bao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠ, ㄅㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pao
*** Wade–Giles: pʻao$^1$
*** Yale: pāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pau
*** Palladius: пао (pao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bao
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$
*** Yale: bāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paau$^1$
*** Yale: pāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːu̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: phaew
Rime :
| Character | 胞 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 匹交切 |
| Baxter | phaew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰaɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰau/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰau/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | paau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰruː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 胞 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 279 |
| Phonetic component | 勹 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 胞 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰruː/ |

#### Definitions

胞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 脬 (pāo, “bladder”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 泡 (pāo, “Classifier for excreta.”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páo (pao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páo
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páo
*** Wade–Giles: pʻao$^2$
*** Yale: páu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
*** Palladius: пао (pao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

胞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 庖 (páo, “cook”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pào, bāo (pao$^4$, bao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˋ, ㄅㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pào
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pào
*** Wade–Giles: pʻao$^4$
*** Yale: pàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paw
*** Palladius: пао (pao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bao
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$
*** Yale: bāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

胞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 皰 / 疱 (pào, “blister; bleb”)

### References

* “胞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 胞 |
| Kyūjitai | 胞󠄁 胞+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 胞󠄃 胞+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* brethren
* bulla
* cells
* cysts
* vase(esp as one used to store alcohol)
* vesicle

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひょう (hyō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)
* Kun: えな (ena)

#### Compounds

* 同(どう)胞(ほう) (dōhō, “compatriot, frater”)
* 細(さい)胞(ぼう) (saibō, “cell”)

### References

* ↑ “胞”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 胞 (MC phaew).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 포ᇢ (Yale: phwow) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean 포 (Yale: phwo) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [포]

### Hanja

Wikisource 胞 (eumhun 세포 포 (sepo po))
* hanja form of 포 (“cell”)

#### Compounds

* 교포 (僑胞, gyopo)
* 동포 (同胞, dongpo)
* 세포 (細胞, sepo)
* 포자 (胞子, poja)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

胞: Hán Nôm readings: bào, nhau, rau
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.