# τίς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tís/ → /tis/ → /tis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tís/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /tis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /tis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /tis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /tis/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷis. Cognates include Latin quis and Hittite [script needed] (kuiš). Compare its indefinite form τις (tis, “anyone, anything”).
In Attic, the labiovelar *kʷ- becomes τ- before the front vowel ι and by analogy also before ου, ῳ in the genitive and dative singular, but π- before the rounded back vowel ο in most of the related interrogatives listed below.
Gen. sg. τοῦ < τέο < *kʷésyo (then basis for dat. sg. τῷ and gen. pl. τέων) and the paradigm change to n-stem must have started with *τίν < *kʷím elaborated with consonant stem ending, -ᾰ.

#### Alternative forms

* τίρ (tír) — Laconian, Elean, rhotacism

#### Pronoun

τῐ́ς • (tĭ́s) interrogative (also see indefinite pronoun τὶς or τις)
* (substantive)
** (masculine, feminine) who?
** (neuter) what?
* (adjective) what? which? what kind?

##### Usage notes

* The neuter nominative/accusative τί (tí) is never elided, but a hiatus is allowed in Attic Greek.
* The stem iota remains short in every declined form.

##### Synonyms

* (interrogative adjective): ποῖος (poîos)

##### Derived terms

* τῐ́ (tĭ́)

##### Related terms

| type | interrogative | indefinite | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) | proximal | distal | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| basic | τίς | τις, ἔνιοι | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | | | | ὁπότερος | ὁπότερος | | |
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | | |
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως |
| method, path, place | πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | | ἄλλῃ |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθι | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι |
| source | πόθεν | ποθεν, ἁμόθεν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐνθένδε | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε |
| exact time | πηνίκα | | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | |
| duration of time | | | τέως | | | ἕως | | | |
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | |
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τοσάκις | | | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | | |
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | | | | | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | | | |
| order | πόστος | ποστός | | | | | ὁπόστος | | |
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. ||||||||||

##### Descendants

* Greek: τις (tis), τι (ti)
* Mariupol Greek: тыс (tys), ты (ty)

### Etymology 2

See τις (tis).

#### Pronoun

τίς • (tís)
* oxytone form of τις (tis, “someone, anyone”)

##### Usage notes

Used before another enclitic:
* 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 70b:καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθος [Γοργίας] ῡ̔μᾶς εἴθικεν, ἀφόβως τε καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀποκρῑ́νεσθαι ἐᾱ́ν τίς τι ἔρηται.kaì dḕ kaì toûto tò éthos [Gorgías] hūmâs eíthiken, aphóbōs te kaì megaloprepôs apokrī́nesthai eā́n tís ti érētai.And furthermore, [Gorgias] has also accustomed you to the habit of answering fearlessly and magnificently if someone asks you something.

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τίς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1487
* ↑ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 382

### Further reading

* “τις, τι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “τίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “τίς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* τίς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* τίς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “τίς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5100 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. announce idem, page 30.inconsistency idem, page 430.which idem, page 976.who idem, page 977.

## Greek
### Pronoun

τίς • (tís)
* Older polytonic spelling of τις (tis#Etymology_2) interrogative in old set phrases like
    τίς πταίει; ― tís ptaíei? ― who is at fault?
    τίς εἶ; (military, recognition) ― tís eî? ― who are you?
    τίνι τρόπῳ; ― tíni trópōi? ― in what way?