# jalan
## Balinese
### Romanization

jalan
* Romanization of ᬚᬮᬦ᭄.

## Banjarese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

### Noun

jalan
* path (a course taken)

## Finnish
### Etymology

Instructive singular form of jalka (“foot”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɑlɑn/, [ˈjɑ̝lɑ̝n]
* Rhymes: -ɑlɑn
* Hyphenation: ja‧lan

### Adverb

jalan
* on foot, by foot, afoot

#### Synonyms

* (on/by foot, afoot): jalkaisin, kävellen, käyden

### Noun

jalan
* genitive/accusative/instructive singular of jalka

#### Derived terms

* jalankulkija
* jalankulku

### Further reading

* “jalan”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* nalja, njala

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* djalan (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay jalan, from Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Doublet of jalang.
* Displaced Dutch weg (“way, road”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
* Cebuano dalan
* Chamorro chalan
* Iban jalai
* Pattani Malay جالٍي (jalɛ)
* Tagalog daan
* Urak Lawoi' ยฺาลัด (jalat)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒalan/ [ˈd͡ʒa.lan]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alan
* Syllabification: ja‧lan

### Noun

jalan
* road; way; street
    Synonyms: jalur, perlintasan
* way
    Synonym: cara
* roadway
* (of celestial bodies) orbit
    Synonyms: lintasan, orbit
* chance
    Synonym: kesempatan
* intermediary (a person or tool in an intermediate position)
    Synonyms: perantara, lantaran
* forward and backward movement of a vehicle
* movement of the hands of a clock
* running (the sustainability of a company, organization, association, etc.)
    Synonym: kelangsungan hidup

### Verb

jalan
* imperative/colloquial of berjalan

#### Derived terms

* berjalan
* berjalan-jalan
* jalan-jalan
* jalanan
* jalani
* jalankan
* kesejalanan
* pejalan
* perjalanan
* perjalankan
* sejalan

#### Compounds

* jalan air
* jalan air internasional
* jalan alternatif
* jalan angan-angan
* jalan angin
* jalan arteri
* jalan bahasa
* jalan bebas
* jalan bebas hambatan
* jalan bebas purata
* jalan belakang
* jalan bentar
* jalan besar
* jalan buntu
* jalan butulan
* jalan cepat
* jalan damai
* jalan darat
* jalan gelap
* jalan hidup
* jalan kabupaten
* jalan keluar
* jalan kerucut
* jalan kolektor
* jalan kompromi
* jalan kota
* jalan layang
* jalan layang nontol
* jalan lepas
* jalan lingkar
* jalan lingkungan
* jalan lintas pemandangan satwa liar
* jalan lokal
* jalan lurus
* jalan masuk
* jalan masuk panggung
* jalan mati
* jalan memintas
* jalan naik
* jalan napas
* jalan nasional
* jalan parkir udara
* jalan pedalaman
* jalan pendekat
* jalan pikiran
* jalan pintas
* jalan protokol
* jalan provinsi
* jalan raya
* jalan rayap
* jalan salib
* jalan samping
* jalan serong
* jalan setapak
* jalan simpang
* jalan simpang susun
* jalan sutra
* jalan tembus
* jalan tengah
* jalan terang
* jalan terbuka
* jalan tikus
* jalan tol
* jalan udara
* jalan umum
* jalan utama

### Further reading

* “jalan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

jalan
* Romanization of ꦗꦭꦤ꧀.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (jālan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒalan/ [ˈd͡ʒa.lan]
* (Kelantan-Pattani) IPA: /d͡ʒalɛ̃/
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -alan, -lan, -an
* Hyphenation: ja‧lan

### Noun

jalan (Jawi spelling جالن, plural jalan-jalan, informal 1st possessive jalanku, 2nd possessive jalanmu, 3rd possessive jalannya)
* path; road; street; track; way

### Verb

jalan (intransitive, used in the form berjalan)
* to go on, to go forward
* to walk
* to pass

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pejalan [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
* jalanan (“street”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* jalan-jalan (“to go for a stroll”) [reduplication] (redup)
* berjalan-jalan (“to talk a walk”) [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
* sejalan (“parallel, to be in accordance with”) [comparability] (se-)
* perjalan [causative passive] (peR-)
* perjalanan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
* jalankan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
* jalani [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
* menjalankan (“to drive, to operate; to start, to put into operation; to carry out, to perform”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* menjalani (“to walk on; to undergo, to endure; to go through a period of your life”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* berjalan (“to walk”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: jalan
* → Chinese: 惹蘭／惹兰 (Rělán)

### References

* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “جالن jalan”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 216
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “jalan”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 438

### Further reading

* “jalan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish یالان (yalan, “lie”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jǎlaːn/
* Hyphenation: ja‧lan

#### Noun

jàlān m (Cyrillic spelling ја̀ла̄н)
* lie, deceit, fraud
* forgery, fake

### Etymology 2

Denominal from the noun jàlān (“lie, deceit; forgery”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jǎlaːn/
* Hyphenation: ja‧lan

#### Adjective

jàlān (Cyrillic spelling ја̀ла̄н, definite jàlnī)
* false, fake, phony, counterfeit

##### Declension
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jǎːlan/
* Hyphenation: ja‧lan

#### Adjective

jálan (Cyrillic spelling ја́лан, definite jȃlnī, comparative jàlnijī)
* envious

##### Declension
## Spanish
### Verb

jalan
* third-person plural present indicative of jalar

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

### Noun

jalan (Sundanese script ᮏᮜᮔ᮪)
* path (a course taken)
* road
* street