# 莪

| 莪 | U+83AA, &#33706; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AA |
| ← 莩 [U+83A9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莫 → [U+83AB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莪 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿竹手戈 (THQI), four-corner 4455$_3$, composition ⿱艹我)

#### Derived characters

* 𠌾, 𪦙

#### Related characters

* 䕏 (Variant form)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31077
* Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3219, character 15
* Unihan data for U+83AA

## Chinese

* 角蒿 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Incarvillea sinensis (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 莪 | *ŋaːl |
| 哦 | *ŋaːl |
| 娥 | *ŋaːl |
| 峨 | *ŋaːl |
| 峩 | *ŋaːl |
| 鵝 | *ŋaːl |
| 俄 | *ŋaːl |
| 蛾 | *ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ |
| 睋 | *ŋaːl |
| 涐 | *ŋaːl |
| 誐 | *ŋaːl |
| 硪 | *ŋaːl, *ŋaːlʔ |
| 我 | *ŋaːlʔ |
| 騀 | *ŋaːlʔ |
| 餓 | *ŋaːls |
| 義 | *ŋrals |
| 儀 | *ŋral |
| 轙 | *ŋral, *ŋralʔ |
| 檥 | *ŋral, *ŋralʔ |
| 蟻 | *ŋralʔ |
| 艤 | *ŋralʔ |
| 礒 | *ŋralʔ |
| 羛 | *ŋralʔ, *hŋral |
| 議 | *ŋrals |
| 犧 | *hŋral |
| 曦 | *hŋral |
| 羲 | *hŋral |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːl): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): é (e$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: é
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: é
*** Wade–Giles: o$^2$
*** Yale: é
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngo$^4$
*** Yale: ngòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
*** Tâi-lô: gô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡo²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nga
Rime :
| Character | 莪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五何切 |
| Baxter | nga |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋa/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | é |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngo$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13029 |
| Phonetic component | 我 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 莪 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːl/ |

### Definitions

莪
* (botany) Incarvillea sinensis
    Synonyms: 角蒿, 莪蒿, 萝蒿
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, botany) Alternative form of 菌 (jùn, “mushroom”)

#### Compounds

* 莪蒿
* 菁莪
* 蓼莪
* 雪蘭莪 / 雪兰莪 (Xuělán'é)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03884
* “莪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* name of two different plants in the family Asteraceae

#### Readings

* Go-on: が (ga)
* Kan-on: が (ga)
* Kun: きつねあざみ (kitsuneazami)、つのよもぎ (tsunoyomogi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 莪
* が Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 莪 (MC nga, “Incarvillea sinensis”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡa̠]

#### Derived terms

* 莪蒿(がこう) (gakō): Incarvillea sinensis
* 著莪(しゃが) (shaga): Iris japonica
* 姫著莪(ひめしゃが) (himeshaga): ja:ヒメシャガ, Iris gracilipes
* 菁莪(せいが) (seiga): to raise prodigies; to nurture talented people

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 莪
* きつねあざみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 狐薊 菻

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲit͡sɨne̞a̠za̠mʲi]

#### Noun

莪(きつねあざみ) • (kitsuneazami)
* Alternative spelling of 狐薊 (kitsune azami, “Hemisteptia lyrata”)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 莪
* つのよもぎ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sɨno̞jo̞mo̞ɡʲi]

#### Noun

莪(つのよもぎ) • (tsunoyomogi)
* name of plant in the Artemisia genus

## Korean
### Hanja

莪 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tày
### Han character

莪 (transliteration needed)
* Nôm form of ngà.

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

莪: Hán Nôm readings: ngò, nga
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation