# 斜

| 斜 | U+659C, &#26012; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-659C |
| ← 斛 [U+659B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 斝 → [U+659D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

斜 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人木卜十 (ODYJ), four-corner 8490$_0$, composition ⿰余斗)

#### Derived characters

* 𣻠, 𪯯, 𪯰, 䔑, 𫿸, 厁, 㙦

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 478, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13509
* Dae Jaweon: page 836, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2253, character 9
* Unihan data for U+659C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 斜
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xié, xiá (xie$^2$, xia$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ, ㄒㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ce$^4$ / ce$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhià / chhia / chià
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xia$^2$ / qia$^2$ / qia$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): ciǎ / chia̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): sià / chiâ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siâ / siê / chhiâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sia$^5$ / sia$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhia
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xié
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sié
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^2$
*** Yale: syé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siá
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^2$
*** Yale: syá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ce$^4$ / ce$^3$
*** Yale: chèh / che
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tse$^4$ / tse$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cé$^4$ / cé$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛː²¹/, /t͡sʰɛː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhià / chhia / chià
*** Hakka Romanization System: qia$^ˇ$ / qia / jia$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qia$^2$ / qia$^4$ / jia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯a¹¹/, /t͡sʰi̯a⁵⁵/, /t͡si̯a¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xia$^2$ / qia$^2$ / qia$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sia¹¹/, /t͡sʰia¹¹/, /t͡sʰia⁵³/
* Sixian:
** chhia- etymological character is 笡;
** chià - "incompetent", may be etymologically unrelated.
* Meixian:
** xia2 - literary reading;
** qia2, qia4 - vernacular reading;
** qia4 - etymological character is 笡.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit斜 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɛ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /siə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /siɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕie²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /sie²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ʑia²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ziɑ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiɑ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zei³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sa²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sie¹³/ /sia¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /d͡ziɒ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰia¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰiɑ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sia³⁵/ /t͡sʰia³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰiɑ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sia²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sia⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tia³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjae
Rime :
| Character | 斜 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似嗟切 |
| Baxter | zjae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zia/ |
| Li Rong | /zia/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ce$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lja/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15746 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 衺 |
| Old Chinese | /*lja/ |

#### Definitions

斜
* tilted; sloping; inclined; oblique; slanting
    斜體／斜体 ― xiétǐ ― oblique type
    比薩斜塔／比萨斜塔 ― Bǐsà Xiétǎ ― the Leaning Tower of Pisa
* to slant; to tilt; to slope
* (Cantonese) slope (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    落斜 [Cantonese] ― lok$^6$ ce$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to go down a slope
* (Yangzhou Mandarin) to take a nap
* (Chinese calligraphy) a bend to the right (such as in ㇂, ㇃, or ㇠)
* a surname, Xie

#### Coordinate terms

* (basic character strokes) 點 / 点 (diǎn), 橫 / 横, 豎 / 竖 (shù), 提, 捺 (nà), 撇, 折, 鉤 / 钩 (gōu), 彎 / 弯 (wān), 斜

#### Compounds

* 一溜歪斜 (yīliùwāixié)
* 乜乜斜斜
* 乜斜 (miēxie)
* 乜斜眼
* 乜斜纏帳 / 乜斜缠帐
* 偏斜 (piānxié)
* 傾斜 / 倾斜
* 傾斜流 / 倾斜流
* 傾斜角 / 倾斜角
* 內斜視 / 内斜视 (nèixiéshì)
* 刺斜 (cìxié)
* 向斜層 / 向斜层
* 同斜層 / 同斜层
* 喎斜 / 㖞斜
* 單斜層 / 单斜层
* 單斜脊 / 单斜脊
* 大陸斜坡 / 大陆斜坡
* 挑斜岔兒 / 挑斜岔儿
* 攲斜 (qīxié)
* 斜刀頭 / 斜刀头 (xiédāotóu)
* 斜坡 (xiépō)
* 斜射
* 斜度 (xiédù)
* 斜度標 / 斜度标
* 斜暉 / 斜晖 (xiéhuī)
* 斜溫層 / 斜温层
* 斜漢 / 斜汉
* 斜照
* 斜眼 (xiéyǎn)
* 斜睨
* 斜視 / 斜视 (xiéshì)
* 斜紋 / 斜纹 (xiéwén)
* 斜紋夜蛾 / 斜纹夜蛾
* 斜線 / 斜线 (xiéxiàn)
* 斜腳雨 / 斜脚雨
* 斜角 (xiéjiǎo)
* 斜邊 / 斜边 (xiébiān)
* 斜長石 / 斜长石 (xiéchángshí)
* 斜陽 / 斜阳 (xiéyáng)
* 斜面 (xiémiàn)
* 斜風細雨 / 斜风细雨
* 斜高
* 旁行斜上
* 歪斜 (wāixié)
* 歪膏揤斜 (oai-ko-chhi̍h-chhoa̍h) (Min Nan)
* 比薩斜塔 / 比萨斜塔 (Bǐsà Xiétǎ)
* 狹斜 / 狭斜
* 目不斜視 / 目不斜视 (mùbùxiéshì)
* 背斜層 / 背斜层
* 蹀里蹀斜
* 迆邐歪斜 / 迆逦歪斜
* 陡斜

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yé (ye$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yé
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yé
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^2$
*** Yale: yé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ye
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: yae
Rime :
| Character | 斜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以遮切 |
| Baxter | yae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jia/ |
| Li Rong | /ia/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | je$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*laː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斜 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15762 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 邪 |
| Old Chinese | /*laː/ |

#### Definitions

斜
* name of valley in Zhongnan Mountains, Shaanxi province

#### Compounds

* 斜谷

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chá (cha$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chá
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chá
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^2$
*** Yale: chá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: char
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

#### Definitions

斜
* Only used in 伊稚斜.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 斜 |
| Kyūjitai | 斜󠄁 斜+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 斜󠄃 斜+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* slanted, tilted

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 斜 (MC zjae):
* Go-on: じゃ (ja)
* Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 斜 (MC yae):
* Go-on: や (ya)
* Kan-on: や (ya)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: ななめ (naname, 斜め, Jōyō)、くむ (kumu, 斜む)、さか (saka, 斜)、はす (hasu, 斜)

#### Compounds

* 傾斜(けいしゃ) (keisha)
* 斜格(しゃかく) (shakaku)
* 斜角(しゃかく) (shakaku)
* 斜眼(しゃがん) (shagan)
* 斜筋(しゃきん) (shakin)
* 斜頸(しゃけい) (shakei)
* 斜視(しゃし) (shashi)
* 斜体(しゃたい) (shatai)
* 斜堤(しゃてい) (shatei)
* 斜辺(しゃへん) (shahen)
* 斜面(しゃめん) (shamen)
* 斜陽(しゃよう) (shayō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 斜
* はす Grade: S
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はす [hàsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠sɨ]

#### Noun

斜(はす) • (hasu)
* diagonal, slant, oblique
    Synonym: 斜め (naname)

##### Derived terms

* 斜(はす)に構(かま)える (hasunikamaeru)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 斜
* しゃ Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 斜 (MC zjae).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃ [shà] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕa̠]

#### Noun

斜(しゃ) • (sha)
* diagonal, slant, oblique
    Synonym: 斜め (naname)

##### Derived terms

* 斜(しゃ)に構(かま)える (shanikamaeru)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1029 (paper), page 565 (digital)
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

斜 (eumhun 비낄 사 (bikkil sa))
* hanja form of 사 (“aslant”)

#### Compounds

* 사시 (斜視, sasi)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

斜: Hán Nôm readings: tà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.