# 垚

| 垚 | U+579A, &#22426; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-579A |
| ← 垙 [U+5799] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垛 → [U+579B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垚 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土土 (GGG), four-corner 4011$_4$, composition ⿱土⿰土土)
* mound, roundish mass

#### Derived characters

* 堯, 㙓, 𣈹, 𤋑, 𨩒, 𨩓, 𭨍, 𤃋, 𨘫, 𨮲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5047
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 1
* Unihan data for U+579A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垚 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 撓 | *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ |
| 鐃 | *rŋaːw |
| 譊 | *rŋaːw |
| 橈 | *rŋaːws, *ŋjew |
| 磽 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ |
| 墝 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw |
| 穘 | *hŋreːw |
| 顤 | *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws |
| 燒 | *hŋjew, *hŋjaws |
| 饒 | *ŋjew, *ŋjaws |
| 蟯 | *ŋjew, *ʔŋew |
| 蕘 | *ŋjew |
| 襓 | *ŋjew |
| 繞 | *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws |
| 遶 | *ŋjewʔ |
| 嬈 | *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws |
| 趬 | *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews |
| 蹺 | *ŋ̊ʰew |
| 翹 | *ɡew, *ɡews |
| 澆 | *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws |
| 驍 | *ŋkeːw |
| 僥 | *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw |
| 堯 | *ŋeːw |
| 垚 | *ŋeːw |
| 嶢 | *ŋeːw |
| 獟 | *ŋeːws |
| 膮 | *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ |
| 嘵 | *hŋeːw |
| 憢 | *hŋeːw |
| 曉 | *hŋeːwʔ |
| 皢 | *hŋeːwʔ |
Triplication of 土 (“earth; dirt”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yáo (yao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^1$ / jiu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^2$
*** Yale: yáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^1$ / jiu$^4$
*** Yale: yīu / yìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^1$ / jiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^1$ / yiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯⁵⁵/, /jiːu̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngew
Rime :
| Character | 垚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 五聊切 |
| Baxter | ngew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋeu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋeu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋeu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɛw/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋeu/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋieu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋieu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋeːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14690 |
| Phonetic component | 垚 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 堯 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋeːw/ |

#### Definitions

垚
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of masses of earth) tall

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 垚 – see 堯 (“lofty; high; Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 堯).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C01653
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00786-028-1

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): げう (geu)

## Korean
### Hanja

垚 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.