# vice
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /vaɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪs
* Homophone: vise

### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *dwóh₁
From Middle English vice, from Old French vice, from Latin vitium (“fault or blemish”). Displaced native Old English unþēaw.

#### Noun

vice (plural vices)
* Bad or immoral behaviour.
    Pride is a vice, not a virtue.
    Smoking was a vice Sally picked up in high school.
** 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Noveria:Shepard: I wear a lot of hats, Mr. Vargas. Some days I shut down criminals. Some days I defuse nukes. Some days I like to enjoy private vices. You understand me?
** 2015, Slayer (lyrics and music), “Vices”:It's a rush you can't deny / A little violence is the ultimate drug / Let's get high / You've been powerless to your vices / Self-control defies you
** 2022 October 21, Taylor Swift, Jack Antonoff, “Anti-Hero”, in Midnights‎, performed by Taylor Swift:I should not be left to my own devices / they come with prices and vices / I end up in crisis / Tale as old as time
* (law) Any of various crimes related (depending on jurisdiction) to weapons, prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.
* (law enforcement, slang) Clipping of vice squad.
* A defect in the temper or behaviour of a horse, such as to make the animal dangerous, to injure its health, or to diminish its usefulness.
** 1839, Scholefield v. Robb; cited in Gilligan, Brenda, Practical Horse Law‎, 2002, →ISBN:So a horse with say, navicular disease, making him suitable only for light hacking, would probably be unsound, whereas rearing would be a vice, being a "defect in the temper... making it dangerous". A vice can however render a horse unsound - possibly a crib biter will damage its wind.

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “bad habit”): virtue

##### Derived terms

* by vice of
* inherent vice
* sapphic vice
* stable vice
* vice clause
* vice girl
* vice squad

##### Related terms

* vicious
* vitiate
* vitiligo
* vituperate

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* habit

### Etymology 2

See vise.

#### Noun

vice (plural vices)
* (UK) Alternative spelling of vise (“mechanical screw apparatus used for clamping”)
* A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for casements.
* (architecture) A winding or spiral staircase.
* (obsolete) A grip or grasp.
** c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 79, line 22:Fang. If I but fiſt him once: if he come but within my Vice.

##### Translations
#### Verb

vice (third-person singular simple present vices, present participle vicing, simple past and past participle viced)
* Alternative spelling of vise (“to hold or squeeze with a vice”)
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 281, line 416:Camillo. As he had ſeen’t, or beene an Instrument / To vice you to't, that you haue toucht his Queene / Forbiddenly.
** 1849 December, Thomas De Quincey, “The English Mail-coach. Section the Second.—The Vision of Sudden Death.”, in Miscellanies (De Quincey’s Works; IV), London: James Hogg & Sons, →OCLC, page 335:What could be done—who was it that could do it—to check the storm-flight of these maniacal horses? Could I not seize the reins from the slumbering coachman? […] [F]rom the way in which the coachman's hand was viced between his upper and lower thigh, this was impossible.

### Etymology 3

From Latin vice (“in place of”), ablative form of vicis. Compare French fois (“time”) and Spanish vez (“time, turn”).

#### Adjective

vice (not comparable)
* in place of; subordinate to; designating a person below another in rank
    vice president
    vice admiral

##### Derived terms

* vice admiral
* vice governor
* vice mayor
* vice president
* vice-principal

#### Preposition

vice
* (chiefly dated) Instead of; in place of; versus.
** 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXI, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC:He was gardener and out-door man, vice Upton, resigned.
** 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXVIII, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC:A very small cab-boy, vice Stoopid retired, swung on behind Foker's vehicle; knock-kneed and in the tightest leather breeches.

##### Usage notes

* While rare in modern standard English, this usage still appears among members of the United States military. This usage is common in informal rail transport contexts in the United Kingdom.
* Statements such as "vice Jones, who had resigned" may be abbreviated "vice Jones, resigned"

#### Noun

vice (plural vices)
* One who acts in place of a superior.
** c. 1850s-1870s, Edward Minister and Son, The Gazette of Fashion and Cutting-Room Companion
    The health of the Vice was proposed in appropriate language; in replying, Mr. Marriott thanked the company […]

### Further reading

* vice on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* ICEV, cive

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvit͡se]
* Rhymes: -it͡se
* Hyphenation: vi‧ce

### Adverb

vice
* in rows

#### Related terms

* vico

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French vice, from Old French vice, borrowed from Latin vitium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vis/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: vis, visse, vissent, visses
* Rhymes: -is

### Noun

vice m (plural vices)
* vice (bad habit)

#### Derived terms

* vice anglais
* vice caché
* vice de forme
* vice de procédure
* vicié
* vicier
* vicieux

#### See also

* défaut
* péché

### Further reading

* “vice”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from English vice-, French vice-, German vize-, Italian vice-, Russian ви́це- (více-), Spanish vice-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvi.t͡se/

### Preposition

vice
* instead, instead of

#### Derived terms

* vicar (archaic)
* vice ke
* vice-

### References

* Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, page 102
* Progreso IV (in Ido), 1911–1912, page 211, 408, 409
* Progreso V (in Ido), 1912–1913, page 723
* Progreso VII (in Ido), 1914, page 130

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin vicem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvi.t͡ʃe/
* Rhymes: -itʃe
* Hyphenation: vì‧ce

### Noun

vice m or f by sense (invariable)
* deputy, substitute, vice

#### Related terms

* vicepresidente
* vice-

### Anagrams

* cive, civè, veci

## Latin
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯i.ke/, [ˈu̯ɪkɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvi.t͡ʃe/, [ˈviːt͡ʃe]

#### Noun

vice
* ablative singular of vicis

#### Preposition

vice (+ genitive)
* in place of, subordinate to
    vice alicuius fungor ― I deputise for someone

#### Derived terms

* vice versā

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: вице- (vice-)
* → Catalan: vice-, vice
* → English: vice-, vice
* → French: vice-, vice
* → Galician: vice-, vice
* → German: vize-
* → Ido: vice-, vice
* → Italian: vice-, vice
* → Piedmontese: vice-, vice
* → Polish: wice-
* → Portuguese: vice-, vice
* → Russian: вице- (vice-)
* → Spanish: vice-, vice
* → Swedish: vice

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

vīce
* vocative singular of vīcus

### References

* “vice”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “vice”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
* vice in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* vyce, vyse, vijs, wise, vise, wyce, vyhs

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French vice, visse, from Latin vitium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈviːs(ə)/

### Noun

vice (plural vices)
* A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:
** A bad habit or tendency that one has; a negative human behaviour.
** A mistake; a fault due to deficience in knowledge or reasoning.
** (rare) An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look.
* Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:
** A vice; a general tendency or action that is morally bad.
** A specific example of immoral or sinful behaviour.
* A sickness, disease or malady; a deleterious process effecting something.

#### Related terms

* viciate
* vicious
* viciously
* viciousnesse

#### Descendants

* English: vice
* Scots: vice

#### References

* “vīce, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-01.

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French vice, borrowed from Latin vitium.

### Noun

vice m (plural vices)
* vice (bad habit)

#### Descendants

* French: vice

## Portuguese
### Noun

vice m or f by sense (plural vices)
* used as an abbreviation of any word containing the prefix vice-

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋìːt͡sɛ/, /ʋíːt͡sɛ/

### Noun

vīce f pl
* purgatory

#### Inflection
## Spanish
### Noun

vice m or f by sense (plural vice)
* vice (second in command)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

vice (not comparable)
* vice, second in rank, deputy, stand-in, acting

#### Related terms

* vicedirektör
* vicekonung
* vicepresident
* vicevärd
* vice versa

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English voys, from Anglo-Norman voiz, voys, veys, from Latin vōx.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viːs/

### Noun

vice
* voice

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 75