# 冷

| 冷 | U+51B7, &#20919; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B7 |
| ← 冶 [U+51B6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冸 → [U+51B8] |
| 冷 | U+F92E, &#63790; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92E |
| ← 來 [U+F92D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 勞 → [U+F92F] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 冷 |
| Simplified | 冷 |
| Japanese | 冷 |
| Korean | 冷 |

### Han character

冷 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 3812$_7$, composition ⿰冫令)

#### Derived characters

* 唥 𣇝 𪞠 𪞧 𪲜 𪨺
* 𫭶 𫥕 𫥖 𫥘 𫥜 𭂤 𰄇

#### See also

* 泠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1622
* Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 5
* Unihan data for U+51B7
* Unihan data for U+F92E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冷 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
| 零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
| 命 | *mreŋs |
| 冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
| 嶺 | *reŋʔ |
| 領 | *reŋʔ |
| 阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 袊 | *reŋʔ |
| 詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
| 旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 舲 | *reːŋ |
| 齡 | *reːŋ |
| 囹 | *reːŋ |
| 鴒 | *reːŋ |
| 蛉 | *reːŋ |
| 鈴 | *reːŋ |
| 苓 | *reːŋ |
| 伶 | *reːŋ |
| 泠 | *reːŋ |
| 瓴 | *reːŋ |
| 拎 | *reːŋ |
| 刢 | *reːŋ |
| 玲 | *reːŋ |
| 聆 | *reːŋ |
| 竛 | *reːŋ |
| 軨 | *reːŋ |
| 笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 翎 | *reːŋ |
| 閝 | *reːŋ |
| 鹷 | *reːŋ |
| 昤 | *reːŋ |
| 駖 | *reːŋ |
| 彾 | *reːŋ |
| 呤 | *reːŋ |
| 狑 | *reːŋ |
| 秢 | *reːŋ |
| 岭 | *reːŋ |
| 紷 | *reːŋ |
| 砱 | *reːŋ |
| 羚 | *reːŋ |
| 姈 | *reːŋ |
| 蕶 | *reːŋ |
| 澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.

### Etymology 1

A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lěng (leng$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄥˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nen$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лын (lɨn, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laang$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lang$^4$ / lang$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lang$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lâng
    (Hailu, HRS): lang$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lang$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): leng$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): lǎing
* Eastern Min (BUC): lēng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): léng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nên$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lan
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): len$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lěng
*** Wade–Giles: lêng$^3$
*** Yale: lěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leeng
*** Palladius: лэн (lɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɤŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nen$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: len
*** Sinological IPA : /nən⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лын (lɨn, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ləŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laang$^5$
*** Yale: láahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laang$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːŋ¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lang$^4$ / lang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ²¹/, /laŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: lang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /laŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lang$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /laŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /laŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: leng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ləŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǎing
*** Sinological IPA : /laiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lēng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɛiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: léng
*** Tâi-lô: líng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /leŋ⁴²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /liɪŋ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nên$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: néⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /nẽ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$lan
*** MiniDict: lan$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$lan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lã²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: len$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lən⁴¹/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit冷 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ləŋ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ləŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ləŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ləŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ləŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ləŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ləŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /lə̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ləŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /lə̃n⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /lɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /nən⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /nen⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /lə⁵³̃/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /lən²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /lən²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ləŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ləŋ⁵³/ /liɑ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /lə̃ŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /lã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /lã³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /len⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /liɛ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /lʌ̃³⁵/ /lɛ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /lɛ²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lən⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /nən⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /laŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /lɑŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /laŋ²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /laŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /laŋ¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɛiŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /laiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /nẽ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /leŋ²¹³/ /lɛ²¹³/ /lɛ³¹/ 晾乾 |
* Middle Chinese: laengX, lengX
Rime :
| Character | 冷 | 冷 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | IV |
| Fanqie | 魯打切 | 力鼎切 |
| Baxter | laengX | lengX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lˠæŋ$^X$/ | /leŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lᵚaŋ$^X$/ | /leŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /laŋ$^X$/ | /lɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laɨjŋ$^X$/ | /lɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɐŋ$^X$/ | /leŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɐŋ$^X$/ | /lieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɐŋ$^X$/ | /lieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lěng | lǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lang$^5$ | ling$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤeŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋʔ/, /*reːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 冷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lěng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ leng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁeŋʔ/ |
| English | cold (Sagart & Ma, 2020) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冷 | 冷 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8276 | 8330 |
| Phonetic component | 令 | 令 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冷 | 笭 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋʔ/ | /*reːŋʔ/ |

##### Definitions

冷
* cold; cool
    寒冷 ― hánlěng ― cold
    冷水 ― lěngshuǐ ― cold water
* (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
* cold; desolate; quiet
* cold; indifferent
* to dishearten
* idle
* disdainful; sarcastic
* neglected; not popular
    冷門／冷门 ― lěngmén ― unpopular
* unfamiliar; rare
    冷僻 ― lěngpì ― rare
* corny; lame
* sudden; unexpected
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (cold):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 冷, 寒冷 weather |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 冷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 冷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 冷 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 冷 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 冷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 冷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 冷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 冷 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 冷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 冷, 凊 very cold |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冷, 冷凊 weather |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 冷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 冷, 凊 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 冷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 冷 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 凍, 冷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 凍, 冷 weather |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 冷 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 凍, 冷 weather |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 凍 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 凍 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 凍 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冷 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 冷 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冷 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 冷, 寒 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 冷, 寒人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 冷 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 冷, 寒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 冷, 寒 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 冷, 寒 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 冷, 凍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冷 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 凊, 鎮 very cold |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 凊, 凍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冷, 凊, 寒 weather |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冷, 凊, 寒 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 寒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 冷, 凊, 寒 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 寒 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 寒 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 冷, 凊, 寒 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 冷, 寒 weather, 凊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 冷, 寒 weather |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 冷, 寒, 凊 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 凝, 寒 weather, 凊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 凝, 寒, 凊, 冷 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 凝, 凊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 凝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 凝, 凊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 凝 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 寒 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 寒 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 凊, 寒 weather |
| Wu | Shanghai | 冷 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 冷 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 冷, 凍 weather |
| Wu | Danyang | 冷 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 冷 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 冷 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 冷, 凍 |
| Wu | Lishui | 冷 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 冷 |
| Wu | Yushan | 凊 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冷, 凊 very cold |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 冷, 凊 very cold |

#### Compounds

* 乍冷乍熱 / 乍冷乍热
* 乾冷 / 干冷 (gānlěng)
* 人情冷暖 (rénqínglěngnuǎn)
* 人間冷暖 / 人间冷暖
* 令人齒冷 / 令人齿冷
* 僵冷
* 冒冷汗
* 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
* 冰冷無味 / 冰冷无味
* 冰清水冷
* 冰清鬼冷
* 冷一句，熱一句 / 冷一句，热一句
* 冷一陣，熱一陣 / 冷一阵，热一阵
* 冷丁
* 冷丁丁
* 冷不丁 (lěngbùdīng)
* 冷不防 (lěngbùfáng)
* 冷低壓 / 冷低压
* 冷債 / 冷债
* 冷僻 (lěngpì)
* 冷光 (lěngguāng)
* 冷兵器 (lěngbīngqì)
* 冷冰冰 (lěngbīngbīng)
* 冷冷
* 冷冷清清 (lěnglěngqīngqīng)
* 冷冷落落
* 冷冽 (lěngliè)
* 冷凍 / 冷冻 (lěngdòng)
* 冷凍乾燥 / 冷冻干燥
* 冷凍蔬菜 / 冷冻蔬菜
* 冷凍食品 / 冷冻食品 (lěngdòng shípǐn)
* 冷凝 (lěngníng)
* 冷凝劑 / 冷凝剂
* 冷凝器
* 冷凝管
* 冷加工
* 冷勁 / 冷劲
* 冷卻 / 冷却 (lěngquè)
* 冷卻器 / 冷却器
* 冷口冷心
* 冷吱吱 (léng-ki-ki) (Hokkien)
* 冷呵呵
* 冷嗦嗦
* 冷噓噓 / 冷嘘嘘
* 冷嘲熱罵 / 冷嘲热骂
* 冷嘲熱諷 / 冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
* 冷噤
* 冷地裡 / 冷地里
* 冷場 / 冷场 (lěngchǎng)
* 冷天 (lěngtiān)
* 冷媒 (lěngméi)
* 冷子 (lěngzi)
* 冷字 (lěngzì)
* 冷孤丁
* 冷官
* 冷宮 / 冷宫 (lěnggōng)
* 冷害 (lěnghài)
* 冷寂 (lěngjì)
* 冷局
* 冷峻
* 冷峭
* 冷巷 (lěngxiàng)
* 冷布
* 冷帳不問 / 冷帐不问
* 冷平流
* 冷床
* 冷度
* 冷庫 / 冷库 (lěngkù)
* 冷式排版
* 冷待 (lěngdài)
* 冷徑 / 冷径
* 冷心 (lěngxīn)
* 冷心冷面
* 冷心腸 / 冷心肠
* 冷悽悽 / 冷凄凄
* 冷感症
* 冷戰 / 冷战
* 冷房 (lěngfáng)
* 冷攤 / 冷摊
* 冷敷 (lěngfū)
* 冷敷法
* 冷暖 (lěngnuǎn)
* 冷暖自知
* 冷服
* 冷杉 (lěngshān)
* 冷板凳 (lěngbǎndèng)
* 冷板曲
* 冷森森
* 冷業 / 冷业
* 冷槍 / 冷枪
* 冷櫃 / 冷柜 (lěngguì)
* 冷氣 / 冷气 (lěngqì)
* 冷氣團 / 冷气团
* 冷氣房 / 冷气房 (lěngqìfáng)
* 冷氣機 / 冷气机 (lěngqìjī)
* 冷氣設備 / 冷气设备
* 冷氣車 / 冷气车
* 冷水 (lěngshuǐ)
* 冷水塔
* 冷水浴 (lěngshuǐyù)
* 冷水澆頭 / 冷水浇头
* 冷水澡
* 冷水養殖 / 冷水养殖
* 冷汗 (lěnghàn)
* 冷泉 (lěngquán)
* 冷浴
* 冷淡 (lěngdàn)
* 冷淘
* 冷清 (lěngqīng)
* 冷清清 (lěngqīngqīng)
* 冷漠 (lěngmò)
* 冷澀 / 冷涩
* 冷灰爆豆
* 冷灶
* 冷灶清鍋 / 冷灶清锅
* 冷炙
* 冷炮
* 冷焊
* 冷然 (lěngrán)
* 冷焰
* 冷熱病 / 冷热病
* 冷燙 / 冷烫
* 冷療 / 冷疗
* 冷盤 / 冷盘 (lěngpán)
* 冷盤兒 / 冷盘儿
* 冷眉冷眼
* 冷眼 (lěngyǎn)
* 冷眼人
* 冷眼旁觀 / 冷眼旁观 (lěngyǎnpángguān)
* 冷眼溜冰
* 冷破
* 冷硬
* 冷碟
* 冷碟兒 / 冷碟儿
* 冷視 / 冷视
* 冷禁
* 冷笑 (lěngxiào)
* 冷節 / 冷节
* 冷箭 (lěngjiàn)
* 冷絲兒絲兒 / 冷丝儿丝儿
* 冷絲絲 / 冷丝丝
* 冷縮 / 冷缩
* 冷肩膀
* 冷背
* 冷能
* 冷腸 / 冷肠
* 冷臉子 / 冷脸子 (lěngliǎnzi)
* 冷色
* 冷艷 / 冷艳 (lěngyàn)
* 冷若冰霜
* 冷莊子 / 冷庄子
* 冷菜 (lěngcài)
* 冷葷 / 冷荤 (lěnghūn)
* 冷落 (lěngluò)
* 冷藏 (lěngcáng)
* 冷藏倉庫 / 冷藏仓库
* 冷藏室
* 冷藏庫 / 冷藏库 (lěngcángkù)
* 冷藏法
* 冷藏船
* 冷藏車 / 冷藏车 (lěngcángchē)
* 冷藏間 / 冷藏间
* 冷處理 / 冷处理 (lěngchǔlǐ)
* 冷血 (lěngxuè)
* 冷血動物 / 冷血动物 (lěngxuè dòngwù)
* 冷覺 / 冷觉
* 冷言
* 冷言冷語 / 冷言冷语 (lěngyán lěngyǔ)
* 冷言熱語 / 冷言热语
* 冷話 / 冷话
* 冷語 / 冷语 (lěngyǔ)
* 冷語侵人 / 冷语侵人
* 冷語冰人 / 冷语冰人
* 冷譏熱嘲 / 冷讥热嘲
* 冷豔 / 冷艳 (lěngyàn)
* 冷貨 / 冷货
* 冷軋 / 冷轧
* 冷軋鋼板 / 冷轧钢板
* 冷遇 (lěngyù)
* 冷酷 (lěngkù)
* 冷金
* 冷金箋 / 冷金笺
* 冷鋒 / 冷锋 (lěngfēng)
* 冷鋪 / 冷铺
* 冷門 / 冷门 (lěngmén)
* 冷門兒 / 冷门儿
* 冷門貨 / 冷门货
* 冷霜 (lěngshuāng)
* 冷霜霜
* 冷霧 / 冷雾
* 冷靜 / 冷静 (lěngjìng)
* 冷面 (lěngmiàn)
* 冷面冷心
* 冷項 / 冷项
* 冷顫 / 冷颤
* 冷風 / 冷风 (lěngfēng)
* 冷颼颼 / 冷飕飕 (lěngsōusōu)
* 冷食 (lěngshí)
* 冷飲 / 冷饮 (lěngyǐn)
* 冷飯 / 冷饭 (lěngfàn)
* 冷餐 (lěngcān)
* 冷高壓 / 冷高压
* 冷麵 / 冷面 (lěngmiàn)
* 冷鼻凹
* 冷齋夜話 / 冷斋夜话
* 出冷門 / 出冷门
* 刮冷風 / 刮冷风 (guā lěngfēng)
* 受冷落
* 吹冷風 / 吹冷风 (chuī lěngfēng)
* 坐冷子
* 坐冷板凳 (zuò lěngbǎndèng)
* 坑灰未冷
* 大爆冷門 / 大爆冷门
* 害冷
* 寒冷 (hánlěng)
* 平山冷燕
* 心冷
* 心灰意冷 (xīnhuīyìlěng)
* 忽冷忽熱 / 忽冷忽热 (hūlěnghūrè)
* 性冷感 (xìnglěnggǎn)
* 態度冷靜 / 态度冷静
* 打入冷宮 / 打入冷宫
* 打冷嗝
* 打冷戰 / 打冷战
* 打冷槍 / 打冷枪
* 抽冷子
* 捉冷眼
* 放冷炮
* 放冷箭
* 暴冷
* 枕冷衾寒
* 殘杯冷炙 / 残杯冷炙 (cánbēilěngzhì)
* 殘槃冷炙 / 残槃冷炙
* 殘羹冷炙 / 残羹冷炙
* 殘羹冷飯 / 残羹冷饭
* 水冷式
* 淒冷 / 凄冷
* 清冷 (qīnglěng)
* 淡冷處 / 淡冷处
* 清灰冷灶
* 潑冷水 / 泼冷水 (pō lěngshuǐ)
* 澆冷水 / 浇冷水
* 炒冷飯 / 炒冷饭 (chǎo lěngfàn)
* 燒冷灶 / 烧冷灶
* 爆冷 (bàolěng)
* 爆冷門 / 爆冷门 (bào lěngmén)
* 生冷 (shēnglěng)
* 發冷 / 发冷 (fālěng)
* 看冷暖
* 繡幃香冷 / 绣帏香冷
* 耶路撒冷 (Yēlùsālěng)
* 虛心冷氣 / 虚心冷气
* 衾寒枕冷
* 話冷雞窗 / 话冷鸡窗
* 輕水冷卻 / 轻水冷却
* 陰冷 / 阴冷 (yīnlěng)
* 餘杯冷炙 / 余杯冷炙
* 高冷地 (gāolěngdì)
* 齒冷 / 齿冷 (chǐlěng)

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): líng (ling$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: líng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: líng
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^2$
*** Yale: líng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
*** Palladius: лин (lin)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: leng
Rime :
| Character | 冷 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎丁切 |
| Baxter | leng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /leŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /leŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /leŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ling$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冷 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 8317 |
| Phonetic component | 令 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靈 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːŋ/ |
| Notes | 冷凙 |

##### Definitions

冷
* Only used in 冷凙／冷𪞝.

#### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǐng (ling$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^3$
*** Yale: lǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
*** Palladius: лин (lin)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ²¹⁴/

##### Definitions

冷
* Only used in 㓑冷.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laang$^{5-1}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lang$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laang$^{5-1}$
*** Yale: lāang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laang$^{5-1}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lang$^{5-1}$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

冷
* (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 毛線 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 毛線 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 毛線 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 毛線 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 毛線 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 毛線 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 絨線, 絨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 毛線, 頭繩 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 冷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 絨線, 頭繩 dated, 扎綆 dated |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 毛冷, 冷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 毛冷, 冷 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 冷 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 冷 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 頭繩子 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 毛線, 洋紅繩, 毛繩, 繩子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 羊毛索 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 毛線 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 毛線子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 羊毛索 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 羊毛 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 膨紗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 羊毛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 羊毛線, 羊毛紗, 羊毛 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 冷 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 冷 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冷 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 絨線, 頭繩 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 頭繩 |
| Wu | Danyang | 絨線 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 絨線 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 絨線 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 絨 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 毛線 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洋繩子 |

##### Compounds

* 冷衫
* 毛冷

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Teochew 儂 / 侬 (nang$^5$, “person”).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): laang$^{5-1}$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laang$^{5-1}$
*** Yale: lāang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laang$^{5-1}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lang$^{5-1}$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

冷
* (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條／条 c)
* (Cantonese) Used in words related to Teochew people.
    冷話／冷话 [Cantonese] ― laang$^{5-1}$ waa$^{6-2}$ [Jyutping] ― Teochew language

#### Compounds

* 冷佬
* 冷話 / 冷话
* 家己冷
* 打冷
* 曬冷 / 晒冷
* 潮州冷

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* cool
* cold (beer, person)
* chill

#### Readings

* Go-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
* Kun: ひや (hiya, 冷や, Jōyō)、さめる (sameru, 冷める, Jōyō)、さます (samasu, 冷ます, Jōyō)、つめたい (tsumetai, 冷たい, Jōyō)、ひえる (hieru, 冷える, Jōyō)、ひやかす (hiyakasu, 冷やかす, Jōyō)、ひやす (hiyasu, 冷やす, Jōyō)、ひやっこい (hiyakkoi, 冷っこい)、しゃっこい (shakkoi, 冷っこい)

#### Compounds

* 冷(れい)気(き) (reiki)
* 冷(れい)酷(こく) (reikoku)
* 冷(れい)戦(せん) (reisen)
* 冷(れい)蔵(ぞう) (reizō)
* 冷(れい)蔵(ぞう)庫(こ) (reizōko)
* 冷(れい)淡(たん) (reitan)
* 冷(れい)徹(てつ) (reitetsu)
* 冷(れい)凍(とう) (reitō)
* 冷(れい)房(ぼう) (reibō)
* 冷(れい)酒(しゅ) (reishu)
* 冷(れい)静(せい) (reisei)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 冷
* ひや Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 冷 – see the following entry. :
| 【ひや】 | [noun] cold drinking water Alternative spelling 冷や |
(This term, 冷, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

冷 (eumhun 찰 랭 (chal raeng), word-initial (South Korea) 찰 냉 (chal naeng))
* hanja form of 랭/냉 (“cold”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冷: Hán Việt readings: lãnh
冷: Nôm readings: linh, liểng, lành, lãnh, lênh, lạnh, lảnh, rãnh, rảnh
* chữ Hán form of lãnh (“cold; neglected”).
* chữ Hán form of lạnh (“cold”).

#### Compounds

* Lãnh Cung (冷宮, “Cold Palace”)
* đông lạnh (凍冷, “frozen”)

#### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* 1 2 3 4 5 Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).