# 昌

| 昌 | U+660C, &#26124; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660C |
| ← 昋 [U+660B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 昍 → [U+660D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

昌 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日日 (AA), four-corner 6060$_0$, composition ⿱日曰)

#### Derived characters

* 倡, 唱, 猖, 淐, 娼, 琩, 椙, 晿, 焻, 錩, 誯, 𰎅, 𣣘, 焻, 𤏒, 菖, 䅛, 𬕑, 𬗡, 𪣧, 𪉨(𬸶), 𥓥, 裮, 𢃑, 𥚕, 閶(阊), 䮖, 猖, 䗉, 鯧(鲳), 𪂇, 𥫅

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 491, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13803
* Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1490, character 3
* Unihan data for U+660C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 昌 :
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 昌 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 倡 | *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 猖 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 菖 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 閶 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 鯧 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 裮 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 琩 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 唱 | *tʰjaŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 日 (“sun”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). The mouth is a reference to being awaken at dawn through shouts or songs. During the Warring States Period, 口 developed into 曰.

### Etymology 1

昌 (OC khlaŋ ~ thaŋ) is possibly related to 陽 (OC *laŋ), in which case it'd go back to *khlaŋ, supported by Proto-Vietic *hlaŋᴮ; note the phonetic parallelism with 唱 (OC k-hlaŋh) (Schuessler, 2007).
See 陽／阳 (yáng) for further etymology.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chāng (chang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): coeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ciang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cong$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cyong$^1$ / cyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong / chhiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^1$
*** Yale: chāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chang
*** Palladius: чан (čan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^1$
*** Yale: chēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ciang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyong$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chio̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiang
*** Tâi-lô: tshiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshaon
*** MiniDict: tshaon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhang
Rime :
| Character | 昌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 尺良切 |
| Baxter | tsyhang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 昌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1249 |
| Phonetic component | 昌 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 昌 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

昌
* (literary, or in compounds) prosperous; flourishing
* (～州) (historical) Chang Prefecture
* a surname
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sunlight
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) good; proper; right
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beautiful; lovely

#### Synonyms

* (prosperous):
* 全盛 (quánshèng)
* 卬卬 (áng'áng) (literary)
* 富強 / 富强 (fùqiáng)
* 富昌 (fùchāng) (literary)
* 富盛 (fùshèng) (literary)
* 強盛 / 强盛 (qiángshèng)
* 昌明 (chāngmíng) (literary, of a government, culture, etc.)
* 昌盛 (chāngshèng)
* 旺盛 (wàngshèng)
* 昌隆 (chānglóng)
* 景氣 / 景气 (jǐngqì)
* 暢旺 / 畅旺 (chàngwàng)
* 條暢 / 条畅 (tiáochàng) (literary)
* 火爆 (huǒbào)
* 紅火 / 红火 (hónghuo) (mainland China)
* 繁榮 / 繁荣 (fánróng)
* 繁盛 (fánshèng)
* 繁華 / 繁华 (fánhuá)
* 繽紛 / 缤纷 (bīnfēn) (literary)
* 興旺 / 兴旺 (xīngwàng)
* 興盛 / 兴盛 (xīngshèng)
* 興隆 / 兴隆 (xīnglóng)
* 茂盛 (màoshèng)
* 蓬勃 (péngbó)
* 蕃昌 (fánchāng) (literary)
* 軫軫 / 轸轸 (zhěnzhěn) (literary)
* 隆昌 (lóngchāng) (literary)
* 隆盛 (lóngshèng)
* 鼎盛 (dǐngshèng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “prosperous”):
* 不景 (bùjǐng) (Hong Kong)
* 不景氣 / 不景气 (bùjǐngqì)
* 低迷 (dīmí)
* 冷淡 (lěngdàn)
* 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 清淡 (qīngdàn)
* 蕭條 / 萧条 (xiāotiáo)

#### Compounds

* 不昌
* 五世其昌
* 光昌
* 南昌 (Nánchāng)
* 國運昌隆 / 国运昌隆
* 大昌 (Dàchāng)
* 太昌
* 孝昌 (Xiàochāng)
* 宜昌 (Yíchāng)
* 寖明寖昌
* 屯昌 (Túnchāng)
* 平昌 (Píngchāng)
* 幽昌 (yōuchāng)
* 文昌 (Wénchāng)
* 文昌星
* 文昌魚 / 文昌鱼 (wénchāngyú)
* 昌光
* 昌化石 (chānghuàshí)
* 昌大
* 昌容
* 昌平 (Chāngpíng)
* 昌意
* 昌明 (chāngmíng)
* 昌江 (Chāngjiāng)
* 昌盍
* 昌盛 (chāngshèng)
* 昌言 (chāngyán)
* 昌辭 / 昌辞
* 昌達 / 昌达 (Chāngdá)
* 昌隆 (chānglóng)
* 昌黎 (Chānglí)
* 晉昌 / 晋昌 (Jìnchāng)
* 東昌 / 东昌 (Dōngchāng)
* 東昌紙 / 东昌纸
* 梁昌
* 樂昌破鏡 / 乐昌破镜
* 武昌 (Wǔchāng)
* 武昌剩竹
* 武昌起義 / 武昌起义 (Wǔchāng Qǐyì)
* 永昌 (yǒngchāng)
* 泰昌 (Tàichāng)
* 繁昌 (fánchāng)
* 繁榮昌盛 / 繁荣昌盛
* 蕃昌 (fánchāng)
* 西昌 (Xīchāng)
* 許昌 / 许昌 (Xǔchāng, “Xuchang”)
* 金昌 (Jīnchāng)
* 阿昌族 (Āchāngzú)
* 隆昌 (lóngchāng)
* 順我者昌，逆我者亡 / 顺我者昌，逆我者亡 (shùn wǒ zhě chāng, nì wǒ zhě wáng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiuⁿ / chhioⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshiunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chviw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiũ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhioⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshionn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chvioy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔ̃⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

昌
* (Southern Min, in compounds) facial expression

#### Compounds

* 張昌 / 张昌
* 面昌

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chàng (chang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^4$
*** Yale: chàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
*** Palladius: чан (čan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

昌
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 倡 (“to initiate; to propose”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 唱 (chàng, “to chant; to recite”)

#### Compounds

* 昌導 / 昌导 (chàngdǎo)
* 昌言 (chàngyán)
* 昌誦 / 昌诵 (chàngsòng)

### References

* “昌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “昌”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 26.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* good
* prosper

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: さかん (sakan, 昌ん)
* Nanori: まさ (masa)、あき (aki)、よし (yoshi)、まさし (masashi)、あきら (akira)、さかえ (sakae)、あつ (atsu)、すけ (suke)

#### Compounds

* 昌(しょう)運(うん) (shōun)
* 昌(しょう)盛(せい) (shōsei)
* 盛(せい)昌(しょう) (seishō)
* 隆(りゅう)昌(しょう) (ryūshō)
* 繁(はん)昌(じょう) (hanjō)
* 昌(しょう)言(げん) (shōgen)

## Korean
### Hanja

昌 (eumhun 창성할 창 (changseonghal chang))
* prosperity, flourishing, thriving

## Vietnamese
### Han character

昌: Hán Nôm readings: xương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.