# 苞

| 苞 | U+82DE, &#33502; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82DE |
| ← 苝 [U+82DD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 苟 → [U+82DF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

苞 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿心口山 (TPRU), four-corner 4471$_2$, composition ⿱艹包)

#### Derived characters

* 𢯿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1023, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30789
* Dae Jaweon: page 1482, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3195, character 6
* Unihan data for U+82DE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 苞 :
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 袍 | *buː |
| 袌 | *buː, *buːs |
| 軳 | *buː |
| 抱 | *buːʔ |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 菢 | *buːs |
| 勹 | *pruː |
| 包 | *pruː |
| 胞 | *pruː, *pʰruː |
| 苞 | *pruː |
| 枹 | *pruː, *bu, *bu |
| 飽 | *pruːʔ |
| 泡 | *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː |
| 炮 | *pʰruːs, *bruː |
| 皰 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 疱 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 跑 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 咆 | *bruː |
| 庖 | *bruː |
| 匏 | *bruː |
| 刨 | *bruː |
| 狍 | *bruː |
| 炰 | *bruː |
| 鉋 | *bruː, *bruːs |
| 瓟 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 颮 | *bruː, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鞄 | *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鮑 | *bruːʔ |
| 骲 | *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 玸 | *bu |
| 雹 | *bruːɡ |
| 窇 | *bruːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pruː): semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-bu ~ *pu (“to be born; birth; bud; bloom”). See 阜 (OC *buʔ, “big mound”) for more.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāo (bao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baau$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bàu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pau / pâu / pô͘
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$pau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bao
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$
*** Yale: bāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^1$
*** Yale: bāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bàu
*** Sinological IPA : /pau⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau
*** Tâi-lô: pau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâu
*** Tâi-lô: pâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paau
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
*** Tâi-lô: pôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pɔ²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$pau
*** MiniDict: pau$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$pau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: paew
Rime :
| Character | 苞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 布交切 |
| Baxter | paew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /pau/ |
| Wang Li | /pau/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤ<r>u/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pruː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 苞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæw › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁ<r>u/ |
| English | reed mat for wrapping |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 苞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 275 |
| Phonetic component | 勹 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 包 |
| Old Chinese | /*pruː/ |

#### Definitions

苞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bulrush (for making mats and straw sandals)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) root or stem of plants
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) growing in profusion; luxuriant; profuse
* (botany) bract; bud
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 包 (“to wrap up; to surround”)
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (bud): 蕾 (lěi)

#### Compounds

* 含苞 (hánbāo)
* 含苞待放
* 含苞怒放
* 含苞未放
* 含苞欲放
* 竹苞松茂 (zhúbāosōngmào)
* 總苞 / 总苞
* 花苞 (huābāo)
* 苞子
* 苞屨 / 苞屦
* 苞木
* 苞桑 (bāosāng)
* 苞片 (bāopiàn)
* 苞稂
* 苞穀 / 苞谷 (bāogǔ)
* 苞筍 / 苞笋
* 苞米 (bāomǐ)
* 苞米棒子
* 苞粟
* 苞苴
* 苞茅
* 苞茅不貢 / 苞茅不贡
* 苞苴公行
* 苞苴竿牘 / 苞苴竿牍
* 苞苴賄賂 / 苞苴贿赂
* 苞葉 / 苞叶 (bāoyè)
* 苞蓼
* 苞藏
* 苞藏禍心 / 苞藏祸心
* 苞蟲 / 苞虫
* 開苞 / 开苞 (kāibāo)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páo (pao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páo
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páo
*** Wade–Giles: pʻao$^2$
*** Yale: páu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
*** Palladius: пао (pao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

苞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 匏 (páo, “gourd”)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): biāo (biao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: biāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: biao
*** Wade–Giles: piao$^1$
*** Yale: byāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biau
*** Palladius: бяо (bjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

苞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 藨 (“bulrush”)

### References

* ↑ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-U Finals (47. Bud; to Bud; edible Bulb Root)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 33

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* husk
* bract
* straw wrapper
* souvenir gift
* bribe

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひょう (hyō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: つと (tsuto, 苞)
* Nanori: しげる (shigeru)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 苞
* ほう Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほー [hóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ho̞ː]

### Noun

苞(ほう) • (hō)
* (botany) bract

#### Synonyms

* 苞葉(ほうよう) (hōyō)

#### Derived terms

* 総苞(そうほう) (sōhō, “involucre”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

苞 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Nom glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, bèo): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 包 (bao).

### Han character

苞: Hán Việt readings: bao
苞: Nôm readings: bèo, bào, vầu
* chữ Nôm form of bèo (“duckweed”).

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).