# ճակնդեղ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ճակնդեղ (čakndeł).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃɑkənˈdeʁ/, [t͡ʃɑkəndéʁ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /d͡ʒɑɡənˈteʁ/, [d͡ʒɑɡəntʰéʁ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ճակնդեղ • (čakndeġ)
* beet, Beta vulgaris (plant); beetroot
    Synonyms: բազուկ (bazuk), տակ (tak)

#### Declension
## Middle Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ճակնդեղ (čakndeł).

### Noun

ճակնդեղ • (čakndeġ) (genitive singular ճակնդեղի)
* beet, Beta vulgaris (plant); beetroot
    Synonyms: չքնտուր (čʻkʻntur), բազուկ (bazuk), սիլխ (silx)

#### Derived terms

* ճակնդեղուկ (čakndeġuk)

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “ճակնդեղ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 167a

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* ճականդեղ (čakandeł)

### Etymology

Borrowing from Middle Iranian *čakundar, the ending contaminated with դեղ (deł, “herb”). See Persian چغندر (čoğondar) for more.
Middle Armenian ճակն (čakn, “beet”) and dialectal ճակն-բույս (čakn-buys), ճակն-խոտ (čakn-xot, “names of certain plants”) given by Haybusak, if secure, should be explained as late back-formations from ճակնդեղ (čakndeł) by folk etymology.
On the other hand, based on the old attestation in Armenian and the supposed independent existence of ճակն (čakn), Ačaṙean is inclined to derive the Iranian words from Armenian, but this is rejected by Asatryan.

### Noun

ճակնդեղ • (čakndeł)
* beet, Beta vulgaris (plant); beetroot
    Synonym: բանջար (banǰar)
** 5th century, Bible, Isaiah 51.20:Որդիքն քո տարակուսեալք՝ որ ննջեն ի կիցս ամենայն ճանապարհաց, իբրեւ զճակնդեղ կիսեփեաց […] Ordikʻn kʻo tarakusealkʻ, or nnǰen i kicʻs amenayn čanaparhacʻ, ibrew zčakndeł kisepʻeacʻ […]Translation by John A. C. GreppinYour sons have fainted, and it is they who lie at the juncture of every highway like half-cooked beets […]

#### Descendants

* Middle Armenian: ճակնդեղ (čakndeġ)
* → Armenian: ճակնդեղ (čakndeġ)
* → Old Georgian: ჭაკუნტელი (č̣aḳunṭeli)
** ⇒ Georgian: ჭაკუნტელი (č̣aḳunṭeli, “beet (Beta vulgaris)”) (Guria), ჭაკუნტელა (č̣aḳunṭela, “Lathyrus roseus”) (Tusheti), ჭაკუნტალა (č̣aḳunṭala, “infested with maggots”) (Racha)
** → Mingrelian: ჭაკუნტელი (č̣aḳunṭeli)
** → Svan: ჭაკუნტელ (č̣aḳunṭel, “beetroot; spring onion”)

### References

* 1 2 Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 186
* ↑ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 97
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 678
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ճակն”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 486
* ↑ Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “ճակնդեղ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 395–396
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ճակն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 176–177
* ↑ Asatryan, Gaṙnik (1990) “Ardyokʻ ka$^?$n haykakan pʻoxaṙutʻyunner nor parskerenum [Are There Armenian Borrowings in New Persian?]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎ (in Armenian), number 3, page 141 of 139–144
* ↑ Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1975) “ჭაკუნტელი”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words]‎ (in Georgian), volume II, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 333a
* ↑ Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ჭაკუნტალა”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
* ↑ Kobalia, Alio (2010) “ჭაკუნტელი”, in Merab Čuxua, Nona Kobalia, Nana Kobalia, editors, Megruli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian Dictionary] (Ḳolxuri seria; 7)‎, online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “ճակնդեղ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 167a
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2000) “ճակնդեղ”, in G. B. Tʻosunean, editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 119a
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ճակնդեղ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 436a