# 並

| 並 | U+4E26, &#20006; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26 |
| ← 严 [U+4E25] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 丧 → [U+4E27] |
| 並 | U+FA70, &#64112; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70 |
* [unassigned: U+FA6E–U+FA6F]
| ← 舘 [U+FA6D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 况 → [U+FA71] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* A graphical variant exists for this character, with the dots on either side of the bottom component 亚 written as right angles (𠃊 and 𠃎) instead of the usual dots (丶 and ㇒).
** In the historical Kangxi dictionary, derived characters of 並 such as 掽 and 湴 are written using this form but not the character 並 itself.
*** Additionally, the Kangxi Dictionary frequently used 𠀤, a variant of 並, but ironically not present.
** This variant is also the 舊字形／旧字形 (jiùzìxíng) form of 並 used in printed publications before 1965 in mainland China.
** A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA70 for this variant that is used in North Korean computing. An Ideographic Variation Sequence also exists as U+4E26 U+E0101, producing 並󠄁.

### Han character

並 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 8010$_2$, composition ⿱䒑业 or ⿱丷亚(U+4E26) or ⿳䒑⿲𠃊⿰丨丨𠃎一(U+FA70))

#### Derived characters

* 普, 碰, 椪, 掽, 湴, 潂, 諩, 踫, 䗒, 𠊧, 𠵔, 𡌶, 𢛰, 𦝤, 𪻁, 𡴢, 𠁔, 𠁜, 𠁝, 𡖼, 𫡀, 𤯭, 𣮧, 𣤞, 𪢭, 𤣋, 𤽽, 𧡟, 𨂝, 𨂞, 𦫄, 𨏨, 𨟘, 𩤀, 𩹁, 𠁟, 𫡂, 𫡁, 䰃

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 54
* Dae Jaweon: page 157, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 246, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4E26
* Unihan data for U+FA70

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 並 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb15309b15310b15311b15312Small seal scripts07575Transcribed ancient scriptsL35159L35160L35161L35162L35163L35164File:ACC-L35165.svgL35165File:ACC-L35166.svgL35166File:ACC-L35167.svgL35167File:ACC-L17728.svgL17728File:ACC-L17729.svgL17729File:ACC-L17730.svgL17730File:ACC-L17731.svgL17731File:ACC-L17732.svgL17732File:ACC-L17733.svgL17733File:ACC-L17734.svgL17734File:ACC-L17735.svgL17735File:ACC-L17736.svgL17736File:ACC-L17737.svgL17737File:ACC-L17738.svgL17738 |||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 湴 | *breːms |
| 跰 | *preŋs, *beːn |
| 並 | *beːŋʔ |
| 竝 | *beːŋʔ |
From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bìng (bing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bing$^6$ / bing$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bin$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bêng / piâng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pēng / pěng / phēng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bong$^6$ / bêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bìng
*** Wade–Giles: ping$^4$
*** Yale: bìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binq
*** Palladius: бин (bin)
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bing$^6$ / bing$^3$
*** Yale: bihng / bing
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bing$^6$ / bing$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bing$^6$ / bing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪŋ²²/, /pɪŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pin
*** Hakka Romanization System: bin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pin⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bêng / piâng
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛiŋ²⁴²/, /pʰiɑŋ²⁴²/
* bêng - literary;
* piâng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: bengX
Rime :
| Character | 並 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 蒲迥切 |
| Baxter | bengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /beŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /beŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /beŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤeŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*beːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 並 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ beng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁeŋʔ/ |
| English | side by side, together |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 並 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 964 |
| Phonetic component | 並 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 竝 |
| Old Chinese | /*beːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 同竝，隸變爲並 |

#### Definitions

並
* to be side by side; to be in a row
    並存／并存 ― bìngcún ― to coexist
* simultaneously; at the same time
* Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
    並非／并非 ― bìngfēi ― in fact is not
       Wǒ bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō. [Pinyin]
       I have not told them anything.
* and; moreover; furthermore
    並且／并且 ― bìngqiě ― moreover
* (Southern Min) than
    並你較好／并你较好 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― phēng lí khah hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― better than you
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete; to match one's strength with
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
       Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       This kid likes to cry the most.
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC bengX)

#### Compounds

* 並不是 / 并不是
* 並世 / 并世 (bìngshì)
* 並且 / 并且 (bìngqiě)
* 並世無雙 / 并世无双
* 並作 / 并作
* 並出 / 并出
* 並列 / 并列 (bìngliè)
* 並坐 / 并坐
* 並垂不朽 / 并垂不朽
* 並壽 / 并寿
* 並存 / 并存 (bìngcún)
* 並存不悖 / 并存不悖
* 並排 / 并排 (bìngpái)
* 並時 / 并时
* 並木 / 并木
* 並未 / 并未 (bìngwèi)
* 並概青雲 / 并概青云
* 並然 / 并然
* 並無不當 / 并无不当
* 並無此事 / 并无此事
* 並用 / 并用 (bìngyòng)
* 並禽 / 并禽
* 並稱 / 并称 (bìngchēng)
* 並立 / 并立 (bìnglì)
* 並聯 / 并联 (bìnglián)
* 並肩 / 并肩 (bìngjiān)
* 並肩作戰 / 并肩作战 (bìngjiānzuòzhàn)
* 並肩前進 / 并肩前进
* 並肩而行 / 并肩而行
* 並興 / 并兴 (bìngxīng)
* 並舉 / 并举 (bìngjǔ)
* 並蒂 / 并蒂
* 並蒂蓮 / 并蒂莲 (bìngdìlián)
* 並行 / 并行 (bìngxíng)
* 並行不悖 / 并行不悖 (bìngxíngbùbèi)
* 並起 / 并起 (bìngqǐ)
* 並跡 / 并迹
* 並軌 / 并轨 (bìngguǐ)
* 並輳 / 并辏
* 並轂 / 并毂
* 並轡 / 并辔
* 並進 / 并进 (bìngjìn)
* 並鄰 / 并邻
* 並重 / 并重 (bìngzhòng)
* 並非 / 并非 (bìngfēi)
* 並頭 / 并头
* 並頭之花 / 并头之花
* 並頭蓮 / 并头莲
* 並馬 / 并马 (bìngmǎ)
* 並馳 / 并驰
* 並駕 / 并驾
* 並駕齊驅 / 并驾齐驱 (bìngjiàqíqū)
* 並騖 / 并骛
* 並驅 / 并驱
* 五行並下 / 五行并下
* 俱收並蓄 / 俱收并蓄
* 公聽並觀 / 公听并观
* 兼容並蓄 / 兼容并蓄
* 兼收並蓄 / 兼收并蓄 (jiānshōubìngxù)
* 兼籌並顧 / 兼筹并顾
* 剛柔並濟 / 刚柔并济
* 勢不並立 / 势不并立
* 勢力並行 / 势力并行
* 南山並壽 / 南山并寿
* 圖文並茂 / 图文并茂 (túwénbìngmào)
* 年德並高 / 年德并高
* 恩威並濟 / 恩威并济
* 恩威並用 / 恩威并用
* 恩威並著 / 恩威并著
* 恩威並行 / 恩威并行
* 恩威並重 / 恩威并重
* 情文並茂 / 情文并茂
* 感愧並交 / 感愧并交
* 文情並茂 / 文情并茂
* 明並日月 / 明并日月
* 椿萱並茂 / 椿萱并茂
* 比並 / 比并 (bǐbìng)
* 水陸並進 / 水陆并进
* 相提並論 / 相提并论 (xiāngtíbìnglùn)
* 聲情並茂 / 声情并茂 (shēngqíngbìngmào)
* 蓮開並蒂 / 莲开并蒂
* 蜂午並起 / 蜂午并起
* 連鑣並軫 / 连镳并轸
* 齊名並價 / 齐名并价
* 齊足並馳 / 齐足并驰
* 齊足並驅 / 齐足并驱
* 齊頭並進 / 齐头并进 (qítóubìngjìn)
* 齊驅並駕 / 齐驱并驾
* 齊驅並驟 / 齐驱并骤
* 龍虎並伏 / 龙虎并伏

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bàng (bang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bong$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàng
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^4$
*** Yale: bàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banq
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bong$^6$
*** Yale: bohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːŋ²²/

#### Definitions

並
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near; approaching”)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 並 |
| Kyūjitai | 竝 |

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 竝)

#### Readings

* Go-on: びょう (byō)
* Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
* Kun: なみ (nami, 並, Jōyō)、ならべる (naraberu, 並べる, Jōyō)、ならぶ (narabu, 並ぶ, Jōyō)、ならびに (narabini, 並びに, Jōyō)
As a variant of 徬/傍:
* Go-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: よる (yoru, 並る)、そう (sou, 並う)、つらなる (tsuranaru, 並なる)
As a variant of 伴, and as in 同竝:
* Go-on: ばん (ban)
* Kan-on: はん (han)
* Kun: ともなう (tomonau, 並う)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なみ [nàmí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [na̠mʲi]

### See also

* 大
* 特
* Kanji in this term
* 並
* なみ Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 竝 (kyūjitai) 並み

### Noun

並(なみ) • (nami)
* something medium, average, common, ordinary
* a row or line of things

#### Compounds

* 並(へい)列(れつ) (heiretsu)
* 並(へい)置(ち) (heichi)
* 並(な)木(みき) (namiki)
* 人(ひと)並(なみ) (hitonami)

### Suffix

並(なみ) • (-nami)
* average, medium

### References

* 1 2 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong))
* hanja form of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”)
並 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong))
* hanja form of 병 (“combine, annex”)
並 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang))
* hanja form of 방 (“side, vicinity”)
並 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))
* hanja form of 반 (“used in place names”)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 並

## Vietnamese
### Han character

並: Hán Nôm readings: tịnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation