# 坫

| 坫 | U+576B, &#22379; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-576B |
| ← 坪 [U+576A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 坬 → [U+576C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

坫 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土卜口 (GYR), four-corner 4116$_0$, composition ⿰土占)

#### Derived characters

* 㼭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4979
* Dae Jaweon: page 462, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 12
* Unihan data for U+576B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 坫
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dim$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dim$^3$
*** Yale: dim
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dim$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːm³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiɛŋ⁴²/
* Middle Chinese: temH
Rime :
| Character | 坫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都念切 |
| Baxter | temH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tem$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tem$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tem$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tiem$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tiem$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dim$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16724 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 店 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiːms/ |

#### Definitions

坫
* stand on which to replace goblets after drinking in ancient China
* (literary) literary circle

#### Compounds

* 反坫
* 壇坫 / 坛坫
* 壇坫週旋 / 坛坫周旋

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^1$
*** Yale: jēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trim
Rime :
| Character | 坫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 知林切 |
| Baxter | trim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tim/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16736 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 碪 |
| Old Chinese | /*tim/ |

#### Definitions

坫
* (historical dictionaries only) to place the coffin before burial

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “坫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* stand on which to replace goblets after drinking

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)、ちん (chin)
* Kun: さかい (sakai)

## Korean
### Hanja

坫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점)
* boundary
* limit
* a saucer for a wine cup

## Vietnamese
### Han character

坫: Hán Nôm readings: chum, đám, điếm, điệm, đúm, trèm, xúm, xóm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation