# 辰

| 辰 | U+8FB0, &#36784; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FB0 |
| ← 辯 [U+8FAF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 辱 → [U+8FB1] |
| ⾠ | U+2FA0, &#12192; KANGXI RADICAL MORNING |
| ← ⾟ [U+2F9F] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾡ → [U+2FA1] |
| 辰 | U+F971, &#63857; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F971 |
| ← 殺 [U+F970] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 沈 → [U+F972] |

## Translingual
### Han character

辰 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一一女 (MMMV), four-corner 7123$_2$, composition ⿸厂⿱二⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJK) or ⿸厂⿸⿱二𠄌⿺乀丿(HTV))
* Kangxi radical #161, ⾠.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/辰
* 侲, 㖘, 娠, 帪, 振, 浱, 𪺼, 陙, 桭, 祳, 脤, 𤱼, 䀼, 𪿟, 裖, 𦁄, 𦓶, 蜄, 𧣨, 誫(𫍨), 賑(赈), 䟴, 𨉎, 𨌑, 鋠(𫓵), 𬴶, 𩷩, 𪘝
* 䣅, 𢦿, 敐, 㰮, 㲀, 𣭽, 䫃, 𪁧, 唇, 𪣗, 𡝌, 𫸚, 𢛚, 㫳, 𬅾, 脣, 蜃, 𪓧, 𧒏, 𫤹, 宸, 𡷰, 莀, 晨, 𤲆, 䆣, 震, 𦻼, 𣊤, 𫘾, 曟, 屒, 𢈫, 𭼏, 麎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38682
* Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3606, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8FB0
* Unihan data for U+F971

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 辰 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 辴 | *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn |
| 屒 | *tɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 振 | *tjɯn, *tjɯns |
| 侲 | *tjɯn, *tjɯn |
| 桭 | *tjɯn, *djɯn |
| 唇 | *tjɯn, *ɦljun |
| 帪 | *tjɯn |
| 賑 | *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns |
| 裖 | *tjɯnʔ |
| 敐 | *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 震 | *tjɯn |
| 娠 | *tjɯns, *hljɯn |
| 蜃 | *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins |
| 辰 | *djɯn |
| 晨 | *djɯn, *ɦljɯn |
| 宸 | *djɯn |
| 鷐 | *djɯn |
| 麎 | *djɯn |
| 祳 | *djɯnʔ |
| 脤 | *djɯnʔ |
| 鋠 | *djɯnʔ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 陙 | *djun |
| 脣 | *ɦljun |
| 漘 | *ɦljun |
Pictogram (象形) – a kind of agricultural tool used for tilling the fields and removing weeds (Guo, 1931; Qiu, 1992), possibly made of a kind of large clam 蜃 (OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) (Guo, 1931).
Alternatively, it could be a pictogram (象形) of a person holding onto a cliff – original character of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to hold up”) (Shang, 1983).

### Etymology
#### “to vibrate”

    Related to 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### “fifth earthly branch”

    Norman (1985) suggests that it is from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *tlan (“python”), whence Vietnamese trăn, Khmer ថ្លាន់ (thlan), Mon ကၠန် (klɔn). However, Ferlus (2013) points to reconstructions like *dər (Baxter & Sagart) and *ᴸdzɨr (Ferlus) and remarks that those do not match any animal's name in Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) languages. Therefore, 辰 might have been associated arbitrarily with the dragon (龍).
    Smith (2011) agrees with the proposal (e.g. by Guo, 1931) that 辰 (OC dən) initially depicted an agricultural implement made from clams' shells and was the original form of 蜃 (OC dəns, “mollusc, clam”); so he proposes that the fifth earthly branch depicted the moon's second waning-gibbous phase, which looks like a clam. He also suggests that 辰 (chén) also represented the ovoid-shaped rising sun and is thus related to 晨 (chén, “early morning”).

#### “time”

    From 時 (OC *djɯ, “time”) + nominalizing suffix -n, literally “that which is proceeding” (Schuessler, 2007). This word partially converges with 晨 (OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn, “morning”) (ibid.).

#### “heavenly body”

    The endopassive of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to shake; to stir”), literally “to stir oneself”, i.e. “when life begins to stir” > “heavenly bodies that mark time” (ibid.).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chén (chen$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
    (Hailu, HRS): shin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): sěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chén
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^4$
*** Yale: sàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shin
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sěng
*** Sinological IPA : /seiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn
*** Tâi-lô: sîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sing$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit辰 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃʰə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʂẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂə̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕian⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzyin
Rime :
| Character | 辰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 植鄰切 |
| Baxter | dzyin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 辰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ər/ |
| English | 5th earthly branch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 辰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1372 |
| Phonetic component | 辰 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 辰 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯn/ |

### Definitions

辰
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to vibrate
* fifth of twelve earthly branches (地支), variously equated with
** (Chinese zodiac) dragon (龍)
** (navigation) a bearing of 120° (between ESE and SE)
** (Chinese calendar) the 3rd lunar month (三月)
** (Chinese calendar) the 5th day or year in a dozen
** (Chinese timekeeping) the 2-hour period between 7 and 9 am
* time; day; season
* heavenly body; stars
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 心宿 (Xīnxiù, “Heart Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 北極星／北极星 (Běijíxīng, “North Star”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 晨 (chén, “early morning”)
* a surname

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài)

### Compounds

* 丁辰
* 七辰
* 三辰
* 上辰
* 三辰酒
* 不辰
* 二辰
* 五辰
* 他辰
* 令辰
* 休辰
* 伏辰
* 佳辰
* 來辰 / 来辰
* 俶辰
* 元辰
* 剋辰 / 克辰
* 剛辰 / 刚辰
* 北辰 (Běichén)
* 十二辰
* 十二辰堆
* 十二辰屬 / 十二辰属
* 十二辰神
* 十二辰蟲 / 十二辰虫
* 卯酉參辰 / 卯酉参辰
* 參辰 / 参辰
* 參辰卯酉 / 参辰卯酉
* 參辰日月 / 参辰日月
* 及辰
* 叢辰 / 丛辰
* 司辰
* 吉日良辰
* 吉辰
* 嘉辰
* 嚴辰 / 严辰
* 四辰
* 壽辰 / 寿辰 (shòuchén)
* 大辰
* 媽祖誕辰 / 妈祖诞辰
* 孤辰
* 孤辰合注
* 孤辰寡宿
* 寡宿孤辰
* 帨辰
* 年辰
* 庚辰 (gēngchén)
* 建辰月
* 弁辰
* 弧辰
* 弱辰
* 忌辰 (jìchén)
* 懸弧辰 / 悬弧辰
* 拱辰
* 指辰
* 拱辰管
* 日月參辰 / 日月参辰
* 日辰
* 早辰
* 昌辰
* 星辰 (xīngchén)
* 星辰劍 / 星辰剑
* 時辰 / 时辰
* 時辰八字 / 时辰八字 (shíchén bāzì)
* 時辰牌 / 时辰牌
* 時辰臺 / 时辰台
* 時辰鐘 / 时辰钟
* 曩辰
* 朝辰
* 本命辰
* 朱辰
* 正辰
* 比辰
* 泰辰
* 涓辰
* 浹辰 / 浃辰
* 測辰 / 测辰
* 火辰
* 炎辰
* 爻辰
* 牝咮鳴辰 / 牝咮鸣辰
* 生不逢辰 (shēngbùféngchén)
* 生辰 (shēngchén)
* 生辰八字 (shēngchén bāzì)
* 生辰吉帖
* 生辰綱 / 生辰纲
* 疇辰 / 畴辰
* 發生辰 / 发生辰
* 發辰 / 发辰
* 盼辰勾
* 眾星拱辰 / 众星拱辰
* 禁火辰
* 私辰
* 移辰
* 窮辰 / 穷辰
* 簡辰 / 简辰
* 美景良辰
* 考辰
* 耗磨辰
* 聖辰 / 圣辰
* 良辰 (liángchén)
* 良辰吉日 (liángchénjírì)
* 良辰媚景
* 良辰美景 (liángchénměijǐng)
* 花辰
* 芳辰
* 花辰月夕
* 蕭辰 / 萧辰
* 衝辰 / 冲辰
* 觿辰
* 計辰 / 计辰
* 設帨佳辰 / 设帨佳辰
* 誕辰 / 诞辰 (dànchén)
* 諏辰 / 诹辰
* 貞辰 / 贞辰
* 貫月之辰 / 贯月之辰
* 貫辰 / 贯辰
* 貿辰 / 贸辰
* 賤辰 / 贱辰
* 超辰
* 辰事
* 辰儀 / 辰仪
* 辰光 (chénguāng)
* 辰刻
* 辰勾
* 辰勾盼月
* 辰參 / 辰参
* 辰告
* 辰地
* 辰堠
* 辰夜
* 辰太
* 辰宿 (chénxiù)
* 辰尾
* 辰居
* 辰巳
* 辰序
* 辰放氏
* 辰斗
* 辰旆
* 辰旒
* 辰星 (Chénxīng)
* 辰時 / 辰时 (chénshí)
* 辰晷
* 辰暮
* 辰極 / 辰极
* 辰河戲 / 辰河戏
* 辰漢 / 辰汉
* 辰牌
* 辰牡
* 辰砂 (chénshā)
* 辰精
* 辰緯 / 辰纬
* 辰衡
* 辰角
* 辰象
* 辰選 / 辰选
* 辰鑒 / 辰鉴
* 辰階 / 辰阶
* 辰韓 / 辰韩 (Chénhán)
* 辰馬 / 辰马
* 辰駕 / 辰驾
* 逢吉丁辰
* 逢辰
* 遠辰 / 远辰
* 遘辰
* 鐸辰 / 铎辰
* 陰辰 / 阴辰
* 陽辰 / 阳辰
* 霜辰
* 霜露之辰
* 靈辰 / 灵辰
* 順辰 / 顺辰
* 餘辰 / 余辰
* 黃道良辰 / 黄道良辰

### References

* (Min Nan) “辰”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* the dragon as the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac

#### Readings

* Go-on: じん (jin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: たつ (tatsu, 辰)、とき (toki, 辰)
* Nanori: のぶ (nobu)、のぶる (noburu)

#### Compounds

* 辰韓(しんかん) (shinkan): the Jinhan confederacy: a twelve-member confederation, located on the southeast of the Korean peninsula during the proto-Three Kingdoms period, later absorbed into the growing Silla kingdom
* 辰刻(しんこく) (shinkoku): the hour of the dragon: 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM
* 辰刻法(しんこくほう) (shinkokuhō): a timekeeping method used during the Edo period, using six hours for the day and six for the night
* 辰沙(しんしゃ) (shinsha), 辰砂(しんしゃ) (shinsha), 辰砂(しんさ) (shinsa): cinnabar, mercury sulfide: a common ore of mercury
* 辰砂油(しんしゃゆ) (shinshayu): cinnabar oil, vermilion oil: cinnabar mixed with oil, used to treat dermatitis
* 辰宿(しんしゅく) (shinshuku): a constellation
* 辰祭(たつまつ)り (tatsu matsuri): "dragon festival": a ceremony in Edo-period Japan, held at the houses of the wealthy in the hour of the dragon on the first day of the dragon after New Years
* 辰松(たつまつ) (Tatsumatsu): the name of a family of traditional Japanese puppeteers
* 辰松風(たつまつふう) (Tatsumatsu-fū): a men's hairstyle popular in the middle of the Edo period, popularized by a noted puppeteer of the Takamatsu family
* 辰星(しんせい) (Shinsei), 辰星(たちみぼし) (Tachimiboshi): alternate name for the planet Mercury; alternate name for the star Antares
* 辰年(たつどし) (tatsudoshi): the year of the dragon under the Chinese zodiac
* 辰巳(たつみ) (tatsumi): between the dragon and the snake: around 9:00 AM on the clock, or southeast on the compass
* 辰巳下(たつみさが)り (tatsumi sagari), 辰巳下(たつみさがり) (tatsumi sagari): gentle and refined of speech and manner
* 辰巳上(たつみあが)り (tatsumi agari), 辰巳上(たつみあがり) (tatsumi agari): shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner; a woman from the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo
* 辰巳言葉(たつみことば) (tatsumi kotoba): a slang or argot used by the prostitutes and geisha of the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo
* 辰巳調子(たつみちょうし) (tatsumi chōshi): shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner
* 忌辰(きしん) (kishin): deathday; anniversary of a person's death
* 時辰(じしん) (jishin): time
* 星辰(せいしん) (seishin): star
* 誕辰(たんしん) (tanshin): birthday
* 北辰(ほくしん) (hokushin): North Star; polestar

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 辰
* たつ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From the verb たつ (tatsu, “to get up, to take off”) (whence also 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”)), from the notion of a dragon flying.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たつ [tàtsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠t͡sɨ]
* Homophone: 竜

#### Proper noun

辰(たつ) • (Tatsu)
* the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Noun

辰(たつ) • (tatsu)
* by extension from the zodiac:
** the name of the year or day corresponding to the fifth in a cycle of twelve
** roughly east-southeast, specifically 30° south of due east (i.e. a bearing of 120°)
** the hour of the dragon, specifically 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM; sometimes treated as 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM instead
** alternate name for 三月 (sangatsu, “the month of March”)

##### Derived terms

* 辰(たつ)の市(いち) (tatsu no ichi): in the Yamato kingdom of ancient Japan, markets held every day of the dragon
* 辰(たつ)の一点(いってん) (tatsu no itten): the first 30 minutes of the hour of the dragon
* 辰(たつ)の刻(こく) (tatsu no koku): the hour of the dragon
* 辰(たつ)の時(とき) (tatsu no toki): the hour of the dragon
* 辰(たつ)に巻(ま)いて巳(み)にこぼす (tatsu ni maite mi ni kobosu): sunny one day, rainy the next

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 辰
* しん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 辰 (dzyin).

#### Proper noun

辰(しん) • (Shin)
* the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 辰 (MC dzyin).
Historical Readings :
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 별〯 신 | Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sìn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 미르〮 진 | Recorded as Middle Korean 진 (cin) (Yale: cìn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 별자리 신 | Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 별 신 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕin]
* Phonetic hangul: [진]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 辰 (eumhun 별 진 (byeol jin)) 辰 (eumhun 다섯째 지지 진 (daseotjjae jiji jin))
* hanja form of 진 (“name of a star”)
* hanja form of 진 (“the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”)

#### Compounds

* 변진 (弁辰, Byeonjin, “Byeonhan confederacy”)
* 시진 (時辰, sijin, “time”)
* 일진 (日辰, iljin, “daily horoscope”)
* 임진왜란 (壬辰倭亂, Imjinwaeran, “Japanese invasions of Korea”)
* 진극 (辰極, jin'geuk, “North Star; Polaris”)
* 진성 (辰星, Jinseong, “Mercury”)
* 진수 (辰宿, jinsu, “constellation”)
* 진한 (辰韓, Jinhan, “Jinhan confederacy”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 辰 (MC dzyin).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 씬 (Yale: ssìn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 씬 (Yale: ssìn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄯᅢ 신 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

#### Hanja

辰 (eumhun 때 신 (ttae sin))
* hanja form of 신 (“time”)

#### Compounds

* 가신 (佳辰, gasin, “a celebratory day”)
* 북신 (北辰, buksin, “North Star; Polaris”)
* 생신 (生辰, saengsin, “(honorific) birthday”)
* 성신 (星辰, seongsin, “star”)
* 신성 (辰星, sinseong, “measurement of time”)
* 탄신 (誕辰, tansin, “birthday”)

### Usage notes

The semantics of the readings of this Hanja are irregular with the exception of when "진 (辰, jin)" is used to mean "the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches" or certain historical placenames. The reading may not semantically match its corresponding 음훈 (音訓, eumhun, “reading of the sound and meaning”).

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

辰: Hán Nôm readings: thìn, thần, thì
* chữ Hán form of Thìn (“fifth of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Compounds

* 丙辰 (Bính Thìn)
* 壬辰 (Nhâm Thìn)
* 庚辰 (Canh Thìn)
* 戊辰 (Mậu Thìn)
* 甲辰 (Giáp Thìn)