# 滑

| 滑 | U+6ED1, &#28369; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6ED1 |
| ← 滐 [U+6ED0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 滒 → [U+6ED2] |
| 滑 | U+F904, &#63748; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F904 |
| ← 賈 [U+F903] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 串 → [U+F905] |

## Translingual
### Han character

滑 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水月月月 (EBBB), four-corner 3712$_7$, composition ⿰氵骨)

#### Derived characters

* 𠿭, 𪆸, 𫾈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 643, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18032
* Dae Jaweon: page 1050, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1678, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6ED1
* Unihan data for U+F904

## Chinese

* 滑姓

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 顝 | *kʰuːl, *kʰuːlʔ, *kʰuːd |
| 滑 | *ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd |
| 猾 | *ɡruːd |
| 磆 | *ɡruːd |
| 螖 | *ɡruːd |
| 鶻 | *ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd |
| 嗗 | *qruːd |
| 骨 | *kuːd |
| 縎 | *kuːd |
| 愲 | *kuːd |
| 蓇 | *kuːd |
| 尳 | *kuːd, *ɡuːd |
| 榾 | *kuːd |
| 搰 | *ɡuːd |
| 核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 骨 (OC *kuːd).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huá (hua$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hua$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): va̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vad$^6$
* Northern Min (KCR): gò / huà
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŏk / huăk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ku̍t / hoa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gug$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$waq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huá
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huá
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^2$
*** Yale: hwá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwa
*** Palladius: хуа (xua)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hua$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xua
*** Sinological IPA : /xua²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waat$^6$
*** Yale: waaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: va̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: vad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /vat̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋat̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gò / huà
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁴²/, /xua⁴²/
* gò - vernacular;
* huà - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit滑 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xua³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xua⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xua⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xua⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xua⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xua⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xua⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xua³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xua²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xua̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xuɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xuɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuaʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦuaʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦuaʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦuɑʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xuaʔ²¹/ /uaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uːə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fa²⁴/ /ua⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uɒ⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uaʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /vat̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vɑt̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wat̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɛt̚²²/ /wat̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wat̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huat̚⁵/ /kut̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kouʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ko⁴²/ /xua²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kuk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kut̚³/ /kut̚⁵/ ～稽 |
* Middle Chinese: hweat
Rime :
| Character | 滑 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 鎋 (76) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸八切 |
| Baxter | hweat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuɛt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚæt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwəɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwæt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwat̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Nə-ɡˤrut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 滑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwɛt › |
| Old Chinese | /*Nə-ɡˁrut/ |
| English | slippery |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 滑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 4315 |
| Phonetic component | 骨 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 滑 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡruːd/ |

#### Definitions

滑
* to slip; to slide
* to get away without punishment
* to swipe (on an electronic product)
    滑手機／滑手机 ― huá shǒujī ― to play on one's phone
* smooth; glossy
* slippery; slick
    小心地滑 ― xiǎoxīn dì huá ― beware of slippery floor (a phrase commonly seen on warning signs)
* cunning; crafty; sly
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to slip out; to blurt out involuntarily
* a surname, Hua

#### Synonyms

* (to slip): (Cantonese) 𨃩 (sin3); (Hokkien) 跙 (jù)
* (smooth):
* 光溜 (guāngliu) (colloquial)
* 光滑 (guānghuá)
* 平滑 (pínghuá)
* 溜 (literary, or in compounds)
* 滑溜溜 (huáliūliū) (ideophonic)
* 滑潤 / 滑润 (huárùn)
* 細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì)
* 𨤡 / 𬪺 (guang$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* (slippery): (Cantonese) 𨃩 (sin3)
* (cunning):
* 世故 (shìgù)
* 刁 (diāo)
* 刁滑 (diāohuá)
* 刁鑽 / 刁钻 (diāozuān)
* 刁頑 / 刁顽 (diāowán) (literary, cunning and stubborn)
* 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
* 古怪 (gū-*guái) (Eastern Min)
* 圓泛 / 圆泛 (yenn$^2$ fan$^4$) (Xiang)
* 圓滑 / 圆滑 (yuánhuá)
* 圞泛 / 𪢮泛 (lonn$^2$ fan$^4$) (Xiang)
* 奸宄 (Hokkien)
* 奸巧 (Hokkien)
* 奸狡
* 奸猾 (jiānhuá)
* 奸險 (jiānxiǎn)
* 姦刁 / 奸刁 ($^1$ke-tiau) (Wu)
* 姦詐 / 奸诈 (jiānzhà)
* 油滑 (yóuhuá)
* 滑頭 / 滑头 (huátóu)
* 狡怪 (káu-koài) (Hokkien)
* 狡猾 (jiǎohuá)
* 狡獪 / 狡狯 (jiǎokuài) (literary)
* 狡詐 / 狡诈 (jiǎozhà)
* 狡鬼 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 狡黠 (jiǎoxiá) (literary)
* 詭詐 / 诡诈 (guǐzhà)
* 調皮 / 调皮 (tiáopí)
* 陰濕 / 阴湿 (jam$^1$ sap$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 陰險 / 阴险 (yīnxiǎn)
* 頑惡 / 顽恶 (wánwù) (literary)

#### Compounds

* 下滑 (xiàhuá)
* 乖滑
* 側滑 / 侧滑
* 光滑 (guānghuá)
* 刁滑 (diāohuá)
* 動滑輪 / 动滑轮
* 口滑
* 圓滑 / 圆滑 (yuánhuá)
* 地滑
* 奸滑
* 定滑輪 / 定滑轮
* 小滑頭 / 小滑头
* 峻滑
* 差動滑車 / 差动滑车
* 平滑 (pínghuá)
* 平滑肌 (pínghuájī)
* 手滑 (shǒuhuá)
* 手滑心慈
* 打滑 (dǎhuá)
* 把滑
* 拿滑
* 油光水滑
* 油嘴滑舌 (yóuzuǐhuáshé)
* 油滑 (yóuhuá)
* 油腔滑調 / 油腔滑调 (yóuqiānghuádiào)
* 油裡滑 / 油里滑
* 油頭滑腦 / 油头滑脑
* 油頭滑臉 / 油头滑脸
* 浮滑 (fúhuá)
* 清光滑辣 (qīngguānghuálà)
* 滑不嘰溜 / 滑不叽溜
* 滑冰 (huábīng)
* 滑出
* 滑劑 / 滑剂
* 滑動 / 滑动 (huádòng)
* 滑動關節 / 滑动关节
* 滑動面 / 滑动面
* 滑唱
* 滑喇
* 滑坡 (huápō)
* 滑壘 / 滑垒
* 滑奏 (huázòu)
* 滑家壋 / 滑家垱 (Huájiādàng)
* 滑扢虀
* 滑擦
* 滑板 (huábǎn)
* 滑板車 / 滑板车 (huábǎnchē)
* 滑板運動 / 滑板运动
* 滑梯 (huátī)
* 滑水 (huáshuǐ)
* 滑流水
* 滑液 (huáyè)
* 滑湣
* 溜滑
* 滑溜
* 溜滑板
* 滑潤 / 滑润 (huárùn)
* 滑熟
* 滑石 (huáshí)
* 滑石粉 (huáshífěn)
* 滑碌碌
* 滑竿 (huágān)
* 滑翔 (huáxiáng)
* 滑翔機 / 滑翔机 (huáxiángjī)
* 滑翔翼
* 滑膩 / 滑腻 (huánì)
* 滑航
* 滑航艇
* 滑草
* 滑落 (huáluò)
* 滑藉 / 滑借
* 滑行 (huáxíng)
* 滑行車 / 滑行车
* 滑行道 (huáxíngdào)
* 滑車 / 滑车 (huáchē)
* 滑輪 / 滑轮 (huálún)
* 滑辣
* 滑鐵盧 / 滑铁卢 (Huátiělú)
* 滑雪 (huáxuě)
* 滑雪板 (huáxuěbǎn)
* 滑雪衫
* 滑音 (huáyīn)
* 滑頭 / 滑头 (huátóu)
* 滑頭滑腦 / 滑头滑脑
* 滑鼠 (huáshǔ)
* 潤滑 / 润滑 (rùnhuá)
* 潤滑劑 / 润滑剂 (rùnhuájì)
* 潤滑油 / 润滑油 (rùnhuáyóu)
* 濕滑 / 湿滑 (shīhuá)
* 無線滑鼠 / 无线滑鼠
* 熟滑
* 老滑頭 / 老滑头
* 耍滑 (shuǎhuá)
* 脫滑 / 脱滑
* 膩滑 / 腻滑
* 花式滑冰
* 鈹滑 / 铍滑
* 險滑 / 险滑
* 頡滑 / 颉滑

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): va̍t
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ku̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwat$^1$
*** Yale: gwāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gued$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: va̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: vad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /vat̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ku̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kut
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kwot, hwot
Rime :
| Character | 滑 | 滑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古忽切 | 戸骨切 |
| Baxter | kwot | hwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuət̚/ | /ɦuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuot̚/ | /ɦuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwət̚/ | /ɦwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gu | hú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwat$^1$ | wat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuːd/, /*ɡuːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 滑 | 滑 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 4324 | 4333 |
| Phonetic component | 骨 | 骨 |
| Rime group | 物 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 骨 | 搰 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuːd/ | /*ɡuːd/ |

#### Definitions

滑
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to disturb; to unsettle; to agitate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to treat; to regulate
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Shàn xìng yú súxué, yǐ qiú fù qí chū, gǔ yù yú súsī, yǐ qiú zhì qí míng, wèi zhī bìméng zhī mín. [Pinyin]
    Those who would correct their nature by means of the vulgar learning, seeking to restore it to its original condition, and those who would regulate their desires, by the vulgar ways of thinking, seeking thereby to carry their intelligence to perfection, must be pronounced to be deluded and ignorant people.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to muddy
* Used in 滑稽 (gǔjī).

#### Compounds

* 滑天下之大稽 (huá tiānxià zhī dàjī)
* 滑滑
* 滑稽 (gǔjī)
* 滑稽劇 / 滑稽剧
* 禽滑釐

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* slippery
* slide
* slip
* flunk

#### Readings

* Go-on: げち (gechi)、こち (kochi)
* Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)、こつ (kotsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: なめらか (nameraka, 滑らか, Jōyō)、すべる (suberu, 滑る, Jōyō)、ぬめり (numeri, 滑り)
* Nanori: かり (kari)、なめり (nameri)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 滑
* なめ Grade: S
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なめ [nàméꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [na̠me̞]

### Noun

滑(なめ) • (name)
* in mountaineering, the place where a little water is running on a smooth rock
* smooth thing, slippery thing

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 滑 (MC hweat).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅪᇙ〮 (Yale: hhwálq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 활 (hwal)$^訓$ (Yale: hwal) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸwa̠ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [활]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 滑 (eumhun 미끄러울 활 (mikkeureoul hwal))
* hanja form of 활 (“slippery”)

#### Compounds

* 원활 (圓滑, wonhwal, “smooth, trouble free”)
* 윤활유 (潤滑油, yunhwaryu, “lubricating oil”)
* 윤활제 (潤滑劑, yunhwalje, “lubricant”)
* 평활 (平滑, pyeonghwal)
* 활강 (滑降, hwalgang, “downhill”)
* 활공 (滑空, hwalgong, “gliding”)
* 활공기 (滑空機, hwalgonggi)
* 활주 (滑走, hwalju, “gliding, sliding”)
* 활주로 (滑走路, hwaljuro, “runway”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 滑 (MC kwot).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 고ᇙ〮 (Yale: kwólq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ko̞ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [골]

#### Hanja

滑 (eumhun 익살스러울 골 (iksalseureoul gol))
* hanja form of 골 (“comical”)

#### Compounds

* 골계 (滑稽, golgye, “humorousness, jocosity, waggery”)
* 골계전 (滑稽傳, golgyejeon)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

滑: Hán Nôm readings: gột, cốt, hoạt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.