# 愈

| 愈 | U+6108, &#24840; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6108 |
| ← 愇 [U+6107] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 愉 → [U+6109] |
| 愈 | U+FA88, &#64136; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA88 |
| ← 慎 [U+FA87] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 憎 → [U+FA89] |

## Translingual
### Han character

愈 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人一月心 (OMBP), four-corner 8033$_2$, composition ⿱俞心(GHTV) or ⿱兪心(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 𠏚, 𡀍, 𪤣, 𢷀, 𤀒, 𱢻, 𣜴, 𭶖, 𤪂, 𫗃, 𥣒, 𨮋, 𩙍, 𬲠
* 𬲇, 𬷴, 𪬪, 𦾤, 𫗄, 𬕷, 𲊊, 𲋊, 癒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10904
* Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 15
* Unihan data for U+6108
* Unihan data for U+FA88

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 褕 | *low, *lo |
| 偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
| 鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
| 牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
| 揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
| 窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
| 歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
| 俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
| 隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
| 毹 | *sro |
| 輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
| 鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
| 腧 | *hljos |
| 逾 | *lo |
| 榆 | *lo |
| 愉 | *lo |
| 渝 | *lo |
| 瑜 | *lo |
| 蕍 | *lo |
| 覦 | *lo, *los |
| 蝓 | *lo |
| 踰 | *lo |
| 崳 | *lo |
| 羭 | *lo |
| 堬 | *lo |
| 瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
| 萮 | *lo |
| 騟 | *lo |
| 愈 | *loʔ |
| 貐 | *loʔ |
| 喻 | *los |
| 諭 | *los |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lú / jú / jí / ū / ú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ru$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /y³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
*** Tâi-lô: lú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /lu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
*** Tâi-lô: jú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: juo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
*** Tâi-lô: jí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
*** Tâi-lô: ū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: u
*** IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
*** Tâi-lô: ú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁵⁵⁴/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** lú - vernacular;
** ū/ú - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yuX
Rime :
| Character | 愈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以主切 |
| Baxter | yuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /io$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /io$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*loʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*loʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 愈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*loʔ/ |
| English | increase |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15877 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 庾 |
| Old Chinese | /*loʔ/ |

#### Definitions

愈
* more and more; even more
* (formal) to excel; to surpass; to outdo
* a surname, Yu

#### Synonyms

* (more and more):
* 加二 ($^1$ka-gni) (Wu)
* 加偌 (Hokkien)
* 又加 ($^6$yi-ka) (Wu)
* 又閣較 / 又阁较 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 彌 / 弥 (literary)
* 愈加 (yùjiā)
* 愈發 / 愈发 (yùfā)
* 愈益 (yùyì)
* 更 (gèng)
* 更加 (gèngjiā)
* 更見 / 更见 (gen$^4$ jian$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 益 (yì) (literary)
* 益發 / 益发 (yìfā)
* 罔 (muōng) (Eastern Min)
* 越
* 越加 (yuèjiā)
* 越發 / 越发 (yuèfā)
* 重 (Cantonese)
* 閣較 / 阁较 (Hokkien)
* (to excel):
* 出乎 (chūhū)
* 勝過 / 胜过 (shèngguò)
* 強似 / 强似 (qiángsì) (formal)
* 強過 / 强过 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 蓋 / 盖 (literary)
* 蓋過 / 盖过 (Hakka)
* 賽過 / 赛过 (sàiguò)
* 超 (chāo)
* 越出 (yuèchū)
* 超出 (chāochū)
* 超越 (chāoyuè)
* 越過 / 越过 (yuèguò)
* 超過 / 超过 (chāoguò)
* 跨越 (kuàyuè)
* 軼越 / 轶越 (yìyuè) (literary)
* 逾越 (yúyuè)
* 開過 / 开过 (kāiguò) (Beijing Mandarin)

#### Compounds

* 大愈
* 愈出愈奇
* 愈加 (yùjiā)
* 愈合 (yùhé)
* 愈愈
* 愈……愈…… (yù ... yù ...)
* 愈戰愈勇 / 愈战愈勇
* 愈挫愈奮 / 愈挫愈奋
* 愈演愈烈 (yùyǎnyùliè)
* 愈發 / 愈发 (yùfā)
* 每下愈況 / 每下愈况 (měixiàyùkuàng)
* 每況愈下 / 每况愈下 (měikuàngyùxià)

### Pronunciation 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 愈 – see 癒 (“to recover”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 癒).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* healing

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ゆ (yu)
* Kun: まさる (masaru)、いよいよ (iyoiyo)
* Nanori: いよ (iyo)、まさる (masaru)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 愈
* いよいよ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 愈 – see the following entry. :
| 【いよいよ】 | [adverb] more and more; increasingly [adverb] finally; at last [adverb] indeed; really; no doubt Alternative spellings 愈々, 愈愈, 弥, 弥々, 弥弥 |
(This term, 愈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

愈 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

愈: Hán Nôm readings: rủ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.