# alius
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *aljos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) (Modern Greek άλλος (állos)), αἶλος (aîlos) (Arcadocypriot), Old Armenian այլ (ayl), Proto-Celtic *alyos, Proto-Germanic *aljaz (Modern English else). Other forms from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- include Latin ille, ūls.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.li.us/, [ˈälʲiʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.li.us/, [ˈäːlius]

### Adjective

alius (feminine alia, neuter aliud); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)
* other, another, any other
* else
* different
* the one...the other, e.g. alius...alius

#### Usage notes

* When used in pairs, alius...alius may function like English one...another.
* When used in pairs, aliī...aliī may function like English some...others.
* In an affirmative sentence, when alius is followed by an ablative, it conjointly means "other than" typically. In a negative sentence with an ablative, it would typically mean "nothing else but" or "nothing other than".
* Alius can also mean "different" when the word is written twice with the second alius being in the ablative case, e.g. "alius aliō"

#### Declension

Irregular declension. Regular genitive singular, alīus, is rare, being normally supplied by alterīus, the genitive of alter, instead.
First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).
A contracted form of the neuter nominative/accusative singular, alid, was used by Catullus and Lucretius.

#### Derived terms

* aliā
* aliās
* alicubi
* aliēnus
* aliō
* aliōquī
* aliōrsum
* aliter

#### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

#### Descendants

* Asturian: ál (archaic)
* Galician: al (archaic)
* Portuguese: al (archaic)
* Old Spanish: ál

### See also

* et aliī

### References

* “alius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “alius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* alius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae (ambiguous) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions: aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui) (ambiguous) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt (ambiguous) to turn the conversation to another topic: sermonem alio transferre (ambiguous) to transfer the seat of war elsewhere: bellum transferre alio, in... (ambiguous) more of this another time: sed de hoc alias pluribus
* alius in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016