# 鯊

| 鯊 | U+9BCA, &#39882; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BCA |
| ← 鯉 [U+9BC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鯋 → [U+9BCB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鯊 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 水竹弓田火 (EHNWF), four-corner 3933$_6$, composition ⿱沙魚)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1471, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46186
* Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 37
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4693, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9BCA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 硰 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl |
| 娑 | *saːl, *saːlʔ |
| 挱 | *saːl, *sraːl |
| 挲 | *saːl |
| 桫 | *saːl |
| 渻 | *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ |
| 沙 | *sraːl, *sraːls |
| 紗 | *sraːl |
| 砂 | *sraːl |
| 鯊 | *sraːl |
| 裟 | *sraːl |
| 桬 | *sraːl |
| 髿 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 魦 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 莎 | *soːl |
| 莏 | *soːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sraːl): phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 魚 (“fish”).

### Etymology
#### “shark”

    so named as its crude skin similar to sand (沙 (shā)).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shā (sha$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sâ
    (Hailu, HRS): sa$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): săi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sua$^1$ / sa$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soa / sa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sua$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$so
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sha
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^1$
*** Yale: shā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
*** Palladius: ша (ša)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saa$^1$
*** Yale: sā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: sa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sa$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: săi
*** Sinological IPA : /sai⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬua⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬa⁵³³/
* sua1 - vernacular;
* sa1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: srae
Rime :
| Character | 鯊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所加切 |
| Baxter | srae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃa/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鯊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11028 |
| Phonetic component | 沙 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鯊 |
| Old Chinese | /*sraːl/ |
| Notes | 見爾雅：鮀 |

### Definitions

鯊
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of small fish
    Synonym: 鮀 / 𬶍 (tuó)
* shark

### Compounds

* 公牛鯊 / 公牛鲨 (gōngniúshā)
* 大白鯊 / 大白鲨 (dàbáishā)
* 姥鯊 / 姥鲨 (lǎoshā)
* 星鯊 / 星鲨
* 虎鯊 / 虎鲨
* 豆腐鯊 / 豆腐鲨 (dòufushā)
* 錘頭鯊 / 锤头鲨
* 鋸鯊 / 锯鲨 (jùshā, “sawshark”)
* 防鯊網 / 防鲨网 (fángshāwǎng)
* 雙髻鯊 / 双髻鲨 (shuāngjìshā)
* 食人鯊 / 食人鲨
* 鯊烯 / 鲨烯 (shāxī, “squalene”)
* 鯊魚 / 鲨鱼 (shāyú)
* 鯊鮀 / 鲨𬶍
* 鯨鯊 / 鲸鲨 (jīngshā)
* 鼬鯊 / 鼬鲨 (yòushā, “tiger shark”)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鲨”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 203.
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, pages 590, 643.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃ (sha)
* Kan-on: さ (sa)
* Kun: はぜ (haze)、さめ (same)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鯊
* はぜ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 沙魚 蝦虎魚
From Old Japanese.

### Noun

鯊(はぜ) or 鯊(ハゼ) • (haze)
* goby

#### Derived terms

* 真(ま)鯊(はぜ) (mahaze, “yellowfin goby”)
* 極楽(ごくらく)鯊(はぜ) (gokurakuhaze, “barcheek goby”)
* 蚯蚓(みみず)鯊(はぜ) (mimizuhaze, “flat-headed goby”)
* 跳(とび)鯊(はぜ) (tobihaze, “mudskipper”)

## Korean
### Hanja

鯊 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
* (uncommon) shark