OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# امتنع
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /im.ta.na.ʕa/

### Verb

اِمْتَنَعَ • (imtanaʕa) VIII (non-past يَمْتَنِعُ (yamtaniʕu), verbal noun اِمْتِنَاع (imtināʕ))
* (constructed with عَن (ʕan)) to abstain, to refrain from something, or to withhold oneself from someone
* to be impossible

#### Conjugation
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic اِمْتَنَعَ (imtanaʕa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /im.ta.naʕ/, [ɪmˈta.naʕ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

امتنع • (imtanaʕ) VIII (present بمتنع (bimtneʕ))
* to abstain, to refrain (from + عن (ʕan) / من (min))
    امتنعو عن التصويت ― imtanaʕū ʕan it-taṣwīt ― They abstained from voting.
# صهب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.hi.ba/

### Verb

صَهِبَ • (ṣahiba) I (non-past يَصْهَبُ (yaṣhabu), verbal noun صَهَب (ṣahab) or صُهُوبَة (ṣuhūba) or صُهْبَة (ṣuhba)) صَهُبَ • (ṣahuba) I (non-past يَصْهُبُ (yaṣhubu), verbal noun صَهَب (ṣahab) or صُهُوبَة (ṣuhūba) or صُهْبَة (ṣuhba))
* to be or become brownish-red

#### Conjugation
### Verb

صَهَّبَ • (ṣahhaba) II (non-past يُصَهِّبُ (yuṣahhibu), verbal noun تَصْهِيب (taṣhīb))
* to make brownish-red
* to mix (about wild animals)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

صَهَب • (ṣahab) m
* verbal noun of صَهِبَ (ṣahiba) (form I)

#### Declension
## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔːb/ [səɔ́ːb]

### Noun

صهب • (sohb)
* morning
    Synonym: صُبح (subah)
    منٚ هر صهب سؤارگ ورانٚ.Man har sohb sawàrag waràn.I eat breakfast every morning.
# زراعي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of زِرَاعَة (zirāʕa, “agriculture”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zi.raː.ʕijj/

### Adjective

زِرَاعِيّ • (zirāʕiyy) (feminine زِرَاعِيَّة (zirāʕiyya), masculine plural زِرَاعِيُّونَ (zirāʕiyyūna), feminine plural زِرَاعِيَّات (zirāʕiyyāt))
* agricultural, agrarian
    الإِصْلَاح الزِرَاعِيّ ― al-ʔiṣlāḥ az-zirāʕiyy ― agrarian reform

#### Declension
### Noun

زِرَاعِيّ • (zirāʕiyy) m (plural زِرَاعِيُّونَ (zirāʕiyyūna), feminine زِرَاعِيَّة (zirāʕiyya))
* agronomist
# رئاسي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of رِئَاسَة (riʔāsa, “headship”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ri.ʔaː.sijj/

### Adjective

رِئَاسِيّ • (riʔāsiyy) (feminine رِئَاسِيَّة (riʔāsiyya), masculine plural رِئَاسِيُّونَ (riʔāsiyyūna), feminine plural رِئَاسِيَّات (riʔāsiyyāt))
* related to leadership
    اِنْتِخَابَات رِئَاسِيَّة ― intiḵābāt riʔāsiyya ― presidential elections
# حافلة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Tool noun formed from active participle of حَفَلَ (ḥafala, “to gather”), as حَافِل (ḥāfil, “gatherer (person)”) +‎ ـَة (-a).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaː.fi.la/

### Noun

حَافِلَة • (ḥāfila) f (plural حَافِلَات (ḥāfilāt) or حَوَافِل (ḥawāfil))
* (automotive) bus; streetcar
    مِنَ الْأَرْخَصِ الذَّهَابُ بِالْحَافِلَةِ.mina l-ʔarḵaṣi ḏ-ḏahābu bi-l-ḥāfilati.It is cheaper to go by bus.

#### Synonyms

* بَاص (bāṣ)
* أُتُوبُوس (ʔutūbūs)
* أُتُوبِيس (ʔutūbīs)

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “حفل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# ولا سيما
## Arabic

* A user suggests that this Arabic entry be moved, merged or split.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for moves, mergers and splits for more information and remove this template after the request has been fulfilled.

### Alternative forms

* لَا سِيَّمَا (lā siyyamā)
* سِيَّمَا (siyyamā) — proscribed

### Etymology

Morphologically وَ (wa, “and”) +‎ لَا (lā, “no; there is no”) +‎ سِيّ (siyy) +‎ مَا (mā), roughly meaning "(and) there is no equal to".

### Adverb

وَلَا سِيَّمَا • (wa-lā siyyamā)
* especially
    أُحِبُّ قِرَاءَةَ الكُتُبِ وَلَا سِيَّمَا العِلْمِيَّةُ مِنْهَا.ʔuḥibbu qirāʔata l-kutubi wa-lā siyyamā al-ʕilmiyyatu minhā.I love reading books, especially the scientific ones.
** a. 544 CE, امرؤ القيس, معلقة امرئ القيس:أَلَا رُبَّ يَوْمٍ لَكَ مِنْهُنَّ صَالِحٍ وَلَا سِيَّمَا يَوْمٌ بِدَارَةِ جُلْجُلِʔalā rubba yawmin laka minhunna ṣāliḥin wa-lā siyyamā yawmun bidārati juljuli(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# سماوي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of سَمَاء (samāʔ, “sky, heaven”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.maː.wijj/

### Adjective

سَمَاوِيّ • (samāwiyy) (feminine سَمَاوِيَّة (samāwiyya), masculine plural سَمَاوِيُّونَ (samāwiyyūna), feminine plural سَمَاوِيَّات (samāwiyyāt))
* celestial
    الأَدْيَانُ السَّمَاوِيَّةُal-ʔadyānu as-samāwiyyatuthe celestial religions (i.e. Abrahamic religions)
* sky blue
    Synonym: أَسْمَانْجُونِيّ (ʔasmānjūniyy)
    هَذَا الجِّدَارُ مَصْبُوغٌ بِاللَّوْنِ السَّمَاوِيِّ.haḏā l-jidāru maṣbūḡun bi-l-lawni as-samāwiyyi.This wall is painted sky blue.

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: səmavi
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: समावी (samāvī)
** Urdu: سماوی (samāvī)
* → Ottoman Turkish: سماوی (semavi)
* → Persian: سماوی (samâvi)
* → Uzbek: samoviy

### Noun

سَمَاوِيّ • (samāwiyy) m (plural سَمَاوِيُّونَ (samāwiyyūna), feminine سَمَاوِيَّة (samāwiyya))
* sky blue
    السَّمَاوِيُّ لَوْنِي الْمُفَضَّلُ.as-samāwiyyu lawnī l-mufaḍḍalu.Sky blue is my favourite colour.

#### Declension
### See also

Colors in Arabic · أَلْوَان (ʔalwān) (layout · text) :
| أَبْيَض (ʔabyaḍ), أَشْيَب (ʔašyab) | رَمَادِيّ (ramādiyy), أَشْهَب (ʔašhab), أَغْبَر (ʔaḡbar), أَعْفَر (ʔaʕfar), رَصَاصِيّ‎ (raṣāṣiyy) | أَسْوَد (ʔaswad), غِرْبِيب (ḡirbīb), أَحَمّ (ʔaḥamm), أَدْهَم (ʔadham) |
| أَحْمَر (ʔaḥmar), أَصْهَب (ʔaṣhab); قِرْمِزِيّ (qirmiziyy) | أَمْغَر (ʔamḡar), بُرْتُقَالِيّ (burtuqāliyy); بُنِّيّ (bunniyy), أَسْمَر (ʔasmar), أَشْعَل (ʔašʕal), أَشْهَل (ʔašhal) | أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar), أَشْقَر (ʔašqar); قِشْدِيّ (qišdiyy) |
| لِيمِيّ (līmiyy) | أَخْضَر (ʔaḵḍar), أَحْوَى (ʔaḥwā) | نَعْنَاعِيّ (naʕnāʕiyy), زُمُرُّدِيّ‎‎ (zumurrudiyy) |
| سَمَاوِيّ (samāwiyy), فَيْرُوزِيّ (fayrūziyy); حَذَفِيّ (ḥaḏafiyy), شَرْشِيرِيّ (šaršīriyy) | لَازُوَرْدِيّ (lāzuwardiyy), بَحْرِيّ‎‎ (baḥriyy) | أَزْرَق (ʔazraq) |
| بَنَفْسَجِيّ (banafsajiyy), فِرْفِيرِيّ (firfīriyy); نِيلِيّ (nīliyy) | فُوشِيّ (fūšiyy); أُرْجُوَانِيّ (ʔurjuwāniyy) | وَرْدِيّ (wardiyy), زَهْرِيّ‎ (zahriyy) |
# كمرة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From English camera.

#### Noun

كَمِرَة • (kamira) f (plural كَمِرَات (kamirāt))
* alternative form of كَاميرا (kāmērā, “camera”)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek καμάρᾱ (kamárā) or Latin camara.

#### Noun

كَمَرَة • (kamara) f (plural كِمَار (kimār))
* the tip of the penis, the glans
    Synonyms: حَشَفَة (ḥašafa), فَيْشَلَة (fayšala)
** 15th century CE, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, نَوَاضِرُ الْأَيْكِ فِي مَعْرِفَةِ النَّيْكِ [nawāḍiru l-ʔayki fī maʕrifati n-nayki, The Vibrant Thickets: On the Knowledge of Sex]:قَالَ أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْمُعْتَزِلِيُّ: وَدَدْتُ لَوْ أَنَّ كَمَرَتَيْنِ فِي رَأْسِي، حَتَى إِذَا جَامَعْتُ أَدْخُلَ كَمَا أَنَا فِي حِرِ الْمَرْأَةِ.qāla ʔabū ḵālidini l-muʕtaziliyyu: wadadtu law ʔanna kamaratayni fī raʔsī, ḥatā ʔiḏā jāmaʕtu ʔadḵula kamā ʔanā fī ḥiri l-marʔati.ʾAbū Ḵālid the Muʿtazilite once said, "I wish there were a double glans on my head so that, when I make love, I can slide whole inside the woman's orifice."
* arch, vault
* beam, girder, what is somewhere on top and bears load

##### Derived terms

* كَمَرَ (kamara, “to try to outdo with the size of the glans penis; to hurt the glans penis of”)
* مِكْمَرَة (mikmara, “damper”)

### References

* “كمرة” in Almaany
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كمرة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 488
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كمرة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 58–59
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “كمرة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2631
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كمرة”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1119

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From English camera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.mi.ra/, [ka.mɪ.ra]

### Noun

كمرة • (kamira) f (plural كمرات (kamirāt))
* camera
    Alternative forms: كاميرا, كامرا

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From English camera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ma.ra/, [ˈkɑ.mɑ.rˤɑ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Noun

كمرة • (kamara) f (plural كمرات (kamarāt))
* camera
    Synonym: آلة تصوير (ʔālet taṣwīr)
    كمرة فيديو ― kamrat vīdyo ― video camera
# استبد
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.ta.bad.da/

### Verb

اِسْتَبَدَّ • (istabadda) X (non-past يَسْتَبِدُّ (yastabiddu), verbal noun اِسْتِبْدَاد (istibdād))
* to dominate, to overpower, to overwhelm
    ...وَٱسْتَبَدَّ بِهَا الرُّعْبُ...wastabadda bihā r-ruʕbu...and she was possessed by terror

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “بد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# أناخ
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔa.naː.xa/

### Verb

أَنَاخَ • (ʔanāḵa) IV (non-past يُنِيخُ (yunīḵu), verbal noun إِنَاخَة (ʔināḵa))
* to make camel kneel down
    أَنَاخَ الْبَدَوِيُّ جِمَالَهُ قُرْبَ الْوَاحَةʔanāḵa l-badawiyyu jimālahu qurba l-wāḥaThe bedouin made his camels kneel down near the oasis.
* to stay at (بِـ (bi-))
* to afflict, to occur to (بِـ (bi-))
    أَنَاخَتْ بِهِ الْمُصِيبَةُʔanāḵat bihi l-muṣībatuThe disaster occurred to him.

#### Synonyms

* (to affict, to occur to): أَصَابَ (ʔaṣāba), حَلَّ بِـ (ḥalla bi-)

#### References

* ابن منظور. «أناخ»، لسان العرب.
* “أناخ” in Almaany
# ذاب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðaː.ba/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /daːb/

### Verb

ذَابَ • (ḏāba) I (non-past يَذُوبُ (yaḏūbu), verbal noun ذَوْب (ḏawb) or ذَوَبَان (ḏawabān))
* to dissolve, to melt, to thaw
    الثَّلْجُ يَذُوبُ ― aṯ-ṯalju yaḏūbu ― the snow is melting
** a. 1260, Ibn al-Abbar, edited by ʕAbd as-Salām al-Harrās, دِيوَان ابْن الْأَبَّار, Moroccan Kingdom: Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, published 1999, page 306:وَنَهْرٍ كَمَا ذَابَتْ سَبَائِكُ فِضَّةٍ / حَكَتْ بِمَحَانِيهِ ٱنْعِطَافَ الْأَرَاقِمِwanahrin kamā ḏābat sabāʔiku fiḍḍatin / ḥakat bimaḥānīhi nʕiṭāfa l-ʔarāqimi(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ذوب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ذَابَ (ḏāba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daːb/, /ðaːb/

### Verb

ذاب • (dāb) I (non-past يِذُوب (yidūb))
* to dissolve, to melt
    Synonym: ساح (sāḥ)
    ذاب الثلج ― dāb at-talj ― the snow has melted
# استغرق
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.taɣ.ra.qa/

### Verb

اِسْتَغْرَقَ • (istaḡraqa) X (non-past يَسْتَغْرِقُ (yastaḡriqu), verbal noun اِسْتِغْرَاق (istiḡrāq))
* (transitive) to absorb; to engross; to overpower
* (transitive) to take, to take up; to occupy (time)
    أَحْيَانًا تَسْتَغْرِقُ ٱلْمُحَادَثَةُ ٱلْهَاتِفِيَّةُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَاعَةٍ.ʔaḥyānan tastaḡriqu l-muḥādaṯatu l-hātifiyyatu ʔakṯara min sāʕatin.Sometimes the phone conversation takes more than an hour.
    اِسْتَغْرَقَتِ ٱلرِّحْلَةُ شَهْرَيْنِ لِلْوُصُولِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ.istaḡraqati r-riḥlatu šahrayni lilwuṣūli ʔilā makkata.The journey took two months to reach Mecca.
* (intransitive) to be immersed, to be absorbed [with فِي (fī) ‘in something’]
* (intransitive) to sink [with فِي (fī) ‘into something, e.g. sleep’]

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “غرق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# كاس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

كَاسَ • (kāsa) I (non-past يَكِيسُ (yakīsu), verbal noun كَيْس (kays) or كِيَاسَة (kiyāsa))
* to be clever, to be acute in intellect, to have a sharp mind
* to overcome in intellect, to surpass in shrewdness

##### Conjugation
#### References

* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 74
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كاس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 947–948
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “كاس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2639
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كاس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1132

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

كَاسَ • (kāsa) I (non-past يَكُوسُ (yakūsu), verbal noun كَوْس (kaws))
* to walk with one foot less; to coil oneself up
* to prostrate, to cut down the standing firmly of, to throw head over heels
* (figurative) to beat down, to abate the price offered by in haggling with

##### Conjugation
#### References

* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 70
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كاس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 943
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كاس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 900

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَأْس (kaʔs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːs/

### Noun

كاس • (kās) m (plural كيسان (kīsān))
* glass
    بغيت نشرب كاس د الما. ― bḡīt našrab kās d el-mā ― I want to drink a cup of water.
* cup

## South Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* كاسة (kāse)

### Etymology

From Arabic كَأْس (kaʔs).

### Noun

كاس • (kās) m (plural كاسات (kāsāt))
* glass (for alcohol)
    Synonyms: قدح (ʔadaḥ), (for water etc.) كاسة (kāse), كباية (kubbāye)
    (أضرب) كاسك! ― (ʔuḍrob) kāsak! ― Clink your glass!

### Noun

كاس • (kās) m (plural كؤوس (kuʾūs))
* cup, trophy
# مجس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Noun of place from the root ج س س (j s s).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.d͡ʒass/

#### Noun

مَجَسّ • (majass) m (plural مَجَاسّ (majāss))
* place which one touches to make a judgment from it

##### Declension
#### References

* “مجس” in Almaany
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “مجس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 277
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مجس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 423

### Etymology 2

Tool noun from the root ج س س (j s s).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mi.d͡ʒass/

#### Noun

مِجَسّ • (mijass) m (plural مَجَاسّ (majāss))
* sensor, probe

##### Declension
#### References

* “مجس” in Almaany
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “مجس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 277
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مجس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 423

### Etymology 3

Denominal verb of مَجُوس (majūs, “Zoroastrians”, collective), forming the root م ج س (m j s).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mad͡ʒ.d͡ʒa.sa/

#### Verb

مَجَّسَ • (majjasa) II (non-past يُمَجِّسُ (yumajjisu), verbal noun تَمْجِيس (tamjīs))
* to Zoroastrianize, to teach someone Zoroastrianism
** 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 23:137:كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ، فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ أَوْ يُنَصِّرَانِهِ أَوْ يُمَجِّسَانِهِkullu mawlūdin yūladu ʕalā l-fiṭrati, faʔabawāhu yuhawwidānihi ʔaw yunaṣṣirānihi ʔaw yumajjisānihiEvery newborn is born upon the fitra (i.e., in a state of submission to God or al-islām); its parents then Judaize or Christianize or Zoroastrianize it.

##### Conjugation
#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مجس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مَجَسّ (majass).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.d͡ʒass/

### Noun

مجس • (majass) m (plural مَجَسَّات (majassāt))
* Majass; a type of folkloric singing (Mawwal)
    المجس الحجازي حلو ― al-Majass al-ḥijāzi ḥilu ― The Hijazi Majas is nice
# أصلا
## Arabic
### Etymology

Adverbial accusative of أَصْل (ʔaṣl, “origin, original”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔasˤ.lan/

### Adverb

أَصْلًا • (ʔaṣlan)
* originally
    أَنَا أَصْلًا مِنْ بَغْداد.ʔanā ʔaṣlan min baḡdād.I’m originally from Baghdad.
* at all; in the first place
    لِماذَا فَعَلْتَ ذٰلِكَ أَصْلًا؟limāḏā faʕalta ḏālika ʔaṣlan?Why did you do that in the first place?
* anyway
    خُذْهُ، لَا أُرِيدُهُ أَصْلًا.ḵuḏhu, lā ʔurīduhu ʔaṣlan.Take it, I don’t want it anyway.

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əsla
* → Persian: اصلاً (aslan), اصن (asan) (colloquial, Tehran)
** → Azerbaijani: əsla
** → Hindustani:
    Urdu: اصلاً (aslan)
** → Khalaj: aslən
** → Uzbek: aslo
** → Uyghur: ئەسلا (esla)
* → Ottoman Turkish: اصلاً (aslan)
** Turkish: aslen
* → Uzbek: aslan
# برة
## Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

بُرَة • (bura) f (plural بُرَات (burāt) or بُرًى (buran) or بُرُون (burūn) or بُرِين (burīn))
* nose ring

#### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَرّ (barr, “dry land, outside”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bar.ra/.

### Adverb

برة • (barra)
* outside
    Antonym: جوة (juwwa, “inside”)

### Preposition

برة • (barra) (construct state برة (barrat))
* outside
    Antonym: جوة (juwwa, “inside”)
    حطيناهم برة البيت ― ḥaṭṭēnāhum barrat al-bēt ― we put them outside the house

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic إِبْرَة (ʔibra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bra/

### Noun

برة • (bra) f (plural إباري (ʔibāri) or براوات (brāwāt) or إبرات (ʔibrāt))
* Alternative form of إبرة (ʔibra)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Adverb

برّة • (barra)
* Alternative spelling of برا (“outside”)
# تأنى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.ʔan.naː/

### Verb

تَأَنَّى • (taʔannā) V (non-past يَتَأَنَّى (yataʔannā), verbal noun تَأَنٍّ (taʔannin))
* to act without haste, to be patient, to act leisurely, to be meticulous
    مَنْ تَأَنَّى نَالَ مَا تَمَنَّى.man taʔannā nāla mā tamannā.Slow and steady wins the race.
    فِي ٱلتَّأَنِّي ٱلسَّلَامَةُ وَفِي ٱلْعَجَلَةِ ٱلنَّدَامَةُ.fī t-taʔannī s-salāmatu wafī l-ʕajalati n-nadāmatu.In caution there is safety; in haste repentance.
# بزة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Variant of بَزّ (bazz).

### Noun

بِزَّة • (bizza) f (plural بِزَّات (bizzāt))
* suit, uniform, apparel, weed
    بِزَّة فَضَاء ― bizza faḍāʾ ― spacesuit
# استهوى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.tah.waː/

### Verb

اِسْتَهْوَى • (istahwā) X (non-past يَسْتَهْوِي (yastahwī), verbal noun اِسْتِهْوَاء (istihwāʔ))
* to seduce
* to entice, to attract, to lure
* to captivate, to enchant
    اِسْتَهْوَى ٱلْخَطِيبُ قُلُوبَ ٱلسَّامِعِينَistahwā l-ḵaṭību qulūba s-sāmiʕīnaThe orator captivated the hearts of the listeners.
# شنكل
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چنگال ,چنگل (çengel, “hook”), from Persian چنگال (čangâl).

### Noun

شَنْكَل • (šankal) m (plural شَنَاكِل (šanākil))
* hook (a crooked device applied into things)

#### Declension
### Verb

شَنْكَلَ • (šankala) Iq (non-past يُشَنْكِلُ (yušankilu), verbal noun شَنْكَلَة (šankala))
* to hook into
    يُشَنْكِلُ رِجْلَيْهِ ― yušankilu rijlayhi ― He trips him.

#### Conjugation
### References

* Procházka, Stephan (2009) “Turkish Loanwords”, in Versteegh, Kees, editor, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 593
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شنكل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 677
# عتاب
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of عَاتَبَ (ʕātaba) from the root ع ت ب (ʕ t b).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.taːb/

### Noun

عِتَاب • (ʕitāb) m
* verbal noun of عَاتَبَ (ʕātaba) (form III)
* verbal noun of عَتَبَ (ʕataba) (form I)
* reproof
    فَلَيْسَ وُدٌّ إِذَا ذَهَبَ العِتَابُ وَيَبْقَى الوُدَّ مَا بَقِيَ العِتَابُfalaysa wuddun ʔiḏā ḏahaba al-ʕitābu wayabqā l-wudda mā baqiya al-ʕitābuWhen reproof departs, there is no love. But love lasts as long as reproof lasts.
** 1955, Moufdi Zakaria, “Qassaman (Algerian national anthem)”:يَا فِرَنْسَا قَد مَضَى وَقْتُ ٱلْعِتَاب وَ طَوَيْنَاهُ كَمَا يُطْوَى ٱلْكِتَابYā Firansā, qad maḍā waqtu l-ʿitāb Wa-ṭawaynāhu kamā yuṭwā l-kitābO France, the time of reproof is over And we have closed it as a book is closed;
# زعزع
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the reduplicated root ز ع ز ع (z ʕ z ʕ), whence also the intransitive form تَزَعْزَعَ (tazaʕzaʕa). Cognate with Hebrew זעזע.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaʕ.za.ʕa/

### Verb

زَعْزَعَ • (zaʕzaʕa) Iq (non-past يُزَعْزِعُ (yuzaʕziʕu), verbal noun زَعْزَعَة (zaʕzaʕa))
* (transitive) to shake
    Synonym: هَزَّ (hazza)
** to shake physically, to move fast and violently
    زَعْزَعَتِ ٱلرِّيحُ ٱلْأَوْرَاقَzaʕzaʕati r-rīḥu l-ʔawrāqaThe wind shook the leaves.
** to shake emotionally; to excite
    زَعْزَعَتِ ٱلْخُطْبَةُ ٱلْبَلَدَ كُلَّهُzaʕzaʕati l-ḵuṭbatu l-balada kullahuThe sermon shook the whole country.
** (of someone's beliefs, convictions, ideologies, and the like) to shake, to unsettle, to weaken, to undermine; to make seem doubtful or uncertain
** to destabilize
    زَعْزَعَتْ حَرْبُ تَحْرِيرِ ٱلْجَزَائِرِ ٱسْتِقْرَارَ فَرَنْسَاzaʕzaʕat ḥarbu taḥrīri l-jazāʔiri stiqrāra faransāThe Algerian Liberation War shook the stability of (destabilised) France.
** to agitate, shock or horrify
# ساهر
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.ha.ra/

### Verb

سَاهَرَ • (sāhara) III (non-past يُسَاهِرُ (yusāhiru), verbal noun مُسَاهَرَة (musāhara))
* (transitive) to spend a sleepless night with
    سَاهَرَ أَحْمَدُ زَوْجَتَهُ ― sāhara ʔaḥmadu zawjatahu ― Ahmad spent a sleepless night with his wife.
    سَاهَرَ النُجُومَ ― sāhara an-nujūma ― He passed the night sleepless like as do the stars.

#### Conjugation
### References

* “ساهر” in Almaany
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ساهر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
# صيفي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of صَيْف (ṣayf, “summer”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaj.fijj/
** (Hijazi) IPA: /sˤeː.fi/, [sˤe̞ː.fi]

### Adjective

صَيْفِيّ • (ṣayfiyy) (feminine صَيْفِيَّة (ṣayfiyya), masculine plural صَيْفِيُّونَ (ṣayfiyyūna), feminine plural صَيْفِيَّات (ṣayfiyyāt))
* summery, aestival
    لِبَاسٌ صَيْفِيٌّ ― libāsun ṣayfiyyun ― summer clothes, summerwear
    تَوْقِيتٌ صَيْفِيٌّ ― tawqītun ṣayfiyyun ― daylight saving time, summer time
# حاس
## Gulf Arabic
### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /ħɑːs/

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

حاس • (ḥās) (imperfective يحوس (yḥūs))
* to roam around, to wander around, to walk around freely, usually without a specific purpose
    Synonyms: (especially in malls and places of leisure) قز (gazz), فر (farr)
    شفيها القطوة قام تحوس حوالين البيت؟What's wrong with the cat [as she is] roaming around the house purposelessly?

### Etymology 2

From the verb حس (ḥass, “to feel, to sense”).

#### Noun

حاس • (ḥās)
* active participle of حس (ḥass, “to feel, to sense”)
    حاس اني سويت شي غلط ― I feel like I did something wrong

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَاسّ (ḥāss).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaːss/

### Verb

حاس • (ḥās) I (non-past يحوس (yiḥūs))
* to make a mess, to leave something in a mess
    Synonym: كَرْكَب (karkab)

### Adjective

حاس • (ḥāss) (feminine حَاسَّة (ḥāssa), common plural حَاسِّين (ḥāssīn))
* active participle of حسّ (ḥass, “to feel”)
* feeling, sensing
    Synonym: حاسِس (ḥāsis)