# 瀾

| 瀾 | U+703E, &#28734; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-703E |
| ← 瀽 [U+703D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瀿 → [U+703F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瀾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 水日弓田 (EANW), four-corner 3712$_0$, composition ⿰氵闌)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 661, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18722
* Dae Jaweon: page 1071, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1790, character 9
* Unihan data for U+703E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 瀾
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

### Etymology 1

浪 (làng, “wave”) may be a colloquial variant. Phonetically too distant to be related to Thai คลื่น (klʉ̂ʉn, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lán (lan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laan$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$le
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lán
*** Wade–Giles: lan$^2$
*** Yale: lán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
*** Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /län³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laan$^4$
*** Yale: làahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːn²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân
*** Tâi-lô: lân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$le
*** MiniDict: le$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$le
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/
* Middle Chinese: lan
Rime :
| Character | 瀾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 落干切 |
| Baxter | lan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lan/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤanʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瀾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lan$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁanʔ/ |
| English | water in which rice has been washed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 6122 |
| Phonetic component | 柬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蘭 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːn/ |

#### Definitions

瀾
* wave; billow
* ripple
* to surge; to swell
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 灡 / 𬉠 (lán, “water from washed rice”)

#### Compounds

* 力挽狂瀾 / 力挽狂澜 (lìwǎnkuánglán)
* 安瀾 / 安澜 (ānlán)
* 層瀾 / 层澜
* 平地波瀾 / 平地波澜
* 推波助瀾 / 推波助澜 (tuībōzhùlán)
* 文瀾閣 / 文澜阁
* 歷瀾 / 历澜
* 汍瀾 / 汍澜 (wánlán)
* 波瀾 / 波澜 (bōlán)
* 波瀾壯闊 / 波澜壮阔 (bōlánzhuàngkuò)
* 波瀾老成 / 波澜老成
* 潘瀾 / 潘澜
* 瀾汗 / 澜汗
* 瀾滄江 / 澜沧江 (Láncāng Jiāng)
* 瀾翻 / 澜翻
* 蒸漚歷瀾 / 蒸沤历澜
* 狂瀾 / 狂澜 (kuánglán)
* 米瀾 / 米澜

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): làn (lan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laan$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lān / lǎn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làn
*** Wade–Giles: lan$^4$
*** Yale: làn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
*** Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /län⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laan$^6$
*** Yale: laahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān
*** Tâi-lô: lān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lan²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǎn
*** Tâi-lô: lǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²²/
* Middle Chinese: lanH
Rime :
| Character | 瀾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 郎旰切 |
| Baxter | lanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | làn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 6132 |
| Phonetic component | 柬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːns/ |

#### Definitions

瀾
* Used in 瀾漫／澜漫 and 瀾汗／澜汗.

#### Compounds

* 瀾汗 / 澜汗
* 瀾漫 / 澜漫 (lànmàn)
* 瀾賤 / 澜贱

### Etymology 3

A dialectal variant of 涎 (OC *ljan, “saliva”) in the South (Schuessler, 2007; Xu and Iwata, 2014).

#### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lân
    (Hailu, HRS): lan$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): luìng
* Eastern Min (BUC): lāng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nua$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nōa / nǒa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nua$^6$
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lân
*** Hakka Romanization System: lan$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /lan²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lan$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /lan⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /lan⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: luìng
*** Sinological IPA : /luiŋ⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lāng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃aŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nua$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /nua⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nua$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /nua³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
*** Tâi-lô: nuā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: noa
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /nuã²²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /nua²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /nuã³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǒa
*** Tâi-lô: nuǎ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nuã²²/
*** IPA (Lukang, Jinjiang): /nuã³³/
*** IPA (Philippines): /nua³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nua$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nuă
*** Sinological IPA : /nua³⁵/

#### Definitions

瀾
* (chiefly Hakka, Min, Southern Wu) saliva

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 涎, 唾 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 唾液, 口涎, 口水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 口水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 唾沫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 口水, 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 吃水, 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 口水 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 哈喇子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 吃拉拉, 咧涎, 涎線, 哈喇子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 痴水, 痴水痘兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 涎水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 嘴水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 涎水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 涎水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 口水, 口婁水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 涎水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 涎水, 口水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 涎水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 涎水, 哈喇子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 哈喇子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 口水, 憨口水, 清口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 涎, 涎水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 口水, 口漦 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 口水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 口水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 涎, 唾沫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 口瀾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 口瀾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 口水泡 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 涎水 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 涎水, 口水 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 口水 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 涎 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 口瀾 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 饞水 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 口瀾, 口瀾水, 口水 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 口水 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 口水 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 口水 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 嘴瀾水 |
| Hakka | Changting | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 喉瀾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 喉瀾水 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 夫瀾水, 夫瀾 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 口水 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 口水, 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 口水 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 口水 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 口水 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 口涎, 口水 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 涎水, 唾沫, 吐沫 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 涎水 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 涎水 |
| Jin | Linhe | 涎水 |
| Jin | Jining | 涎水 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 涎拉子 |
| Jin | Baotou | 涎水 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 涎水 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 涎水 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瀾, 瀾水 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 唾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 瀾水 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 瀾, 瀾水 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 瀾 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 呲嘴瀾 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 涎 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 口水 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 饞唾, 饞唾水 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 饞唾水 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 饞唾, 饞唾水 |
| Wu | Danyang | 痰吐, 涎吐, 饞吐 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 饞唾, 饞唾水兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 饞唾水, 饞茶水, 瀾唾水 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 口瀾水, 饞瀾, 瀾 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 口唾水 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 饞 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 痰水子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 口水, 饞 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 口水, 饞 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 口水 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 口水 |

#### Compounds

* 口瀾 / 口澜
* 喙瀾 / 喙澜
* 流瀾 / 流澜

### References

* “瀾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “瀾”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* large waves

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): らん (ran)
* Kun: なみ (nami, 瀾)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瀾 (MC lan|lanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 란 (lan) (Yale: lan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 瀾 (eumhun 물결 란 (mulgyeol ran), word-initial (South Korea) 물결 난 (mulgyeol nan))
* hanja form of 란/난 (“wave”)

#### Compounds

* 파란 (波瀾, paran)
* 파란만장 (波瀾萬丈, paranmanjang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瀾: Hán Nôm readings: lan
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Nôm: lan, tràn

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999