# 暈

| 暈 | U+6688, &#26248; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6688 |
| ← 暇 [U+6687] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 暉 → [U+6689] |
| 暈 | U+F9C5, &#63941; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C5 |
| ← 龍 [U+F9C4] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 阮 → [U+F9C6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

暈 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月十十 (ABJJ) or 難日月十十 (XABJJ), four-corner 6050$_6$, composition ⿱日軍)

#### Derived characters

* 𣜸 𥣐 𦅿 𠪷 𦾥

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 497, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14037
* Dae Jaweon: page 865, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1527, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6688
* Unihan data for U+F9C5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 暈 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 揮 | *qʰul |
| 輝 | *qʰul |
| 翬 | *qʰul |
| 暉 | *qʰul |
| 煇 | *qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 楎 | *qʰul, *ɡuːn |
| 瀈 | *qʰul |
| 韗 | *qʰons, *ɢuns |
| 褌 | *kuːn |
| 鶤 | *kuːn, *ɢuns |
| 緷 | *kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns |
| 睴 | *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 璭 | *kuːns |
| 瘒 | *ŋɡuːn |
| 顐 | *ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn |
| 諢 | *ŋɡuːns |
| 餫 | *ɡuːn, *ɢuns |
| 渾 | *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 琿 | *ɡuːn |
| 鼲 | *ɡuːn |
| 堚 | *ɡuːn |
| 鯶 | *ɡuːnʔ |
| 軍 | *kun |
| 皸 | *kun, *kuns |
| 齳 | *ŋɡunʔ |
| 喗 | *ŋɡunʔ |
| 葷 | *qʰun |
| 惲 | *qunʔ |
| 賱 | *qunʔ |
| 運 | *ɢuns |
| 暈 | *ɢuns |
| 鄆 | *ɢuns |
Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo.
Now phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢuns): semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

### Etymology

Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yùn (yun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): uông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ūn / hūn / n̄g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ing$^7$ / êng$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^4$
*** Yale: yùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^6$
*** Yale: wahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uông
*** Sinological IPA : /uɔŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn
*** Tâi-lô: ūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: un
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /un³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /un²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn
*** Tâi-lô: hūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: n̄g
*** Tâi-lô: n̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ŋ̍²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋ̍⁴¹/
* ūn - literary;
* hūn, n̄g - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: hjunH
Rime :
| Character | 暈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 王問切 |
| Baxter | hjunH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦiun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢuns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7342 |
| Phonetic component | 軍 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 運 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢuns/ |
| Notes | 見史記 |

#### Definitions

暈
* (astronomy) halo (around the Sun or the Moon)
    日暈／日晕 ― rìyùn ― solar halo
* ring of light or colour, or a blurred area surrounding a luminous or coloured object; halo around a light or colour
* blush; slight redness
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) ring-shaped pattern
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bull's eye
* to spread; to proliferate; to seep through
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to apply (colour, especially makeup)

#### Compounds

* 光暈 / 光晕 (guāngyùn)
* 山暈 / 山晕
* 微暈 / 微晕
* 日暈 / 日晕 (rìyùn)
* 星系暈 / 星系晕 (xīngxìyùn)
* 暈珥 / 晕珥
* 月暈 / 月晕 (yuèyùn)
* 月暈效應 / 月晕效应
* 月暈而風 / 月晕而风
* 環暈 / 环晕
* 眼暈 / 眼晕
* 紅暈 / 红晕
* 血暈 / 血晕
* 酒暈 / 酒晕
* 墨暈 / 墨晕

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yùn, yūn
       (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ, ㄩㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yun$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vun$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yn$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): yng$^1$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ing$^7$ / êng$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^4$
*** Yale: yùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yun
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^1$
*** Yale: yūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iun
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yun$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vun²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yn$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /yn¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: yng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /yŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ing$^7$ / êng$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: īng / ēng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ¹¹/, /eŋ¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: hjunH
Rime :
| Character | 暈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 王問切 |
| Baxter | hjunH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦiun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢuns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7342 |
| Phonetic component | 軍 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 運 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢuns/ |
| Notes | 見史記 |

#### Definitions

暈
* to make one feel dizzy; to feel the head spinning; to have vertigo

#### Compounds

* 倒暈妝 / 倒晕妆
* 暈機 / 晕机 (yùnjī)
* 暈池 / 晕池
* 暈臺 / 晕台
* 暈船 / 晕船 (yùnchuán)
* 暈車 / 晕车 (yùnchē)
* 暈針 / 晕针 (yūnzhēn)
* 暈高兒 / 晕高儿
* 檀暈妝 / 檀晕妆
* 眩暈 / 眩晕
* 血暈 / 血晕
* 頭昏眼暈 / 头昏眼晕

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yūn (yun$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yun$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vun$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yn$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): yng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ē̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ūn / hūn / n̄g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^1$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yn$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yun
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^1$
*** Yale: yūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iun
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yun$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vun²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yn$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁴²/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: yng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /yŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ē̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œyŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn
*** Tâi-lô: ūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: un
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /un³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /un²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn
*** Tâi-lô: hūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: n̄g
*** Tâi-lô: n̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ŋ̍²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋ̍⁴¹/
* ūn - literary;
* hūn, n̄g - vernacular.

#### Definitions

暈
* dizzy; giddy; lightheaded
* to faint; to pass out; to black out; to swoon
    暈咗幾分鐘／晕咗几分钟 [Cantonese] ― wan$^4$ zo$^2$ gei$^2$ fan$^1$ zung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― fainted for several minutes
* (neologism, slang) to be overwhelmed (by something) and on the verge of passing out
    我暈！／我晕！ ― Wǒ yūn! ― Oh my! [lit. I('m about to) faint.]
* (Sichuanese) to savour; to enjoy slowly and thoroughly
* (Cantonese, disapproving) extremely (used with the particle 到)
    貴到暈／贵到晕 [Cantonese] ― gwai$^3$ dou$^3$ wan$^4$ [Jyutping] ― extremely expensive
    細到暈／细到晕 [Cantonese] ― sai$^3$ dou$^3$ wan$^4$ [Jyutping] ― extremely small

##### Synonyms

* (dizzy):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 暈 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 暈 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 暈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 暈 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 暈 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 眩, 楞 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 眩, 楞 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 眩, 愩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 眩 |

#### Compounds

* 昏頭暈腦 / 昏头晕脑
* 暈倒 / 晕倒 (yūndǎo)
* 暈厥 / 晕厥 (yūnjué)
* 暈眩 / 晕眩 (yūnxuàn)
* 暈頭 / 晕头
* 暈頭轉向 / 晕头转向 (yūntóuzhuànxiàng)
* 檀暈妝 / 檀晕妆
* 發暈 / 发晕 (fāyūn)
* 頭暈 / 头晕 (tóuyūn)
* 頭暈目眩 / 头晕目眩 (tóuyūnmùxuàn)
* 頭暈眼昏 / 头晕眼昏
* 頭暈眼花 / 头晕眼花 (tóuyūnyǎnhuā)
* 頭暈眼黑 / 头晕眼黑

### References

* “暈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* blur, haze
* mental haze or senility
* intentional blurring or gradation

#### Readings

* Go-on: うん (un)
* Kan-on: うん (un)
* Kun: かさ (kasa, 暈)、めまい (memai, 暈)、ぼかす (bokasu, 暈す)、ぼかし (bokashi, 暈し)、かさむ (kasamu, 暈む)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 暈
* かさ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かさ [káꜜsà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠sa̠]
* (Kyoto) かさ [kàsá] (Teiki – [0])

#### Noun

暈(かさ) • (kasa)
* halo (atmospheric phenomenon)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 暈
* うん Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 暈 (MC hjunH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うん [úꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɯ̟̃ɴ]

#### Noun

暈(うん) • (un)
* halo (atmospheric phenomenon)

#### Affix

暈(うん) • (un)
* halo (atmospheric phenomenon)
* dizzy; giddy

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “かさ 【笠・傘・暈】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “うん 【暈】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

暈 (eumhun 무리 훈 (muri hun))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

暈 (eumhun 어지러울 운 (eojireoul un))
* hanja form of 운 (“halo”)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 暈

## Vietnamese
### Han character

暈: Hán Việt readings: vựng, vận (王(vương)問(vấn)切(thiết)), quầng
暈: Nôm readings: vầng, vừng, quầng, vựng
* chữ Nôm form of vầng, vừng (“ring; circle”).
* chữ Nôm form of quầng (“halo in the sky”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).