# ふ

| ふ | U+3075, &#12405; HIRAGANA LETTER HU |
| ← ぴ [U+3074] | Hiragana | ぶ → [U+3076] |

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 不 in the cursive sōsho style.

#### Syllable

ふ • (fu)
* The hiragana syllable ふ (fu). Its equivalent in katakana is フ (fu). It is the twenty-eighth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is は行う段 (ha-gyō u-dan, “row ha, section u”).

##### Derived terms

* ふぁ (fa), ふぃ (fi), ふぇ (fe), ふぉ (fo)
* ぶ (bu)
* ぷ (pu)

##### See also

* (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

### Etymology 2

From Old Japanese. Possibly a contraction of the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of verbs and 合ふ (afu). Alternatively from 経 (fu).

#### Suffix

ふ • (-fu)
* (following the irrealis stem of verbs)
** expresses repetition
** expresses an ongoing state

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | は | は | -fa |
| Continuative (連用形) | ひ | ひ | -fi |
| Terminal (終止形) | ふ | ふ | -fu |
| Attributive (連体形) | ふ | ふ | -fu |
| Realis (已然形) | へ | へ | -fe |
| Imperative (命令形) | へ | へ | -fe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | はず | はず | -fazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | へど | へど | -fedo |
| Causal conjunction | へば | へば | -feba |
| Conditional conjunction | はば | はば | -faba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | ひき | ひき | -fiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | ひけり | ひけり | -fikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | ひつ | ひつ | -fitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | ひぬ | ひぬ | -finu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | へり ひたり | へり ひたり | -feri -fitari |
| Volitional | はむ | はむ | -famu |

##### Derived terms

* 与(あた)える (ataeru)
* うつろう (utsurou)
* 衰(おとろ)える (otoroeru)
* 語(かた)らう (katarau)
* 侍(さもら)う (samorau)
* 啜(すす)ろふ (susurofu)
* 住(す)まう (sumau)
* 相撲(すもう) (sumō)
* 戦(たたか)う (tatakau)
* 繕(つくろ)う (tsukurou)
* 伝(つた)う (tsutau)
* 流(なが)らふ (nagarafu)
* 願(ねが)う (negau)
* 向(む)かう (mukau)
* 安(やす)らう (yasurau)
* 病(やまい) (yamai)

### Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of ふ – see the following entries. :
| 【賦】S | [noun] fu (Chinese literary form developed during the times of the Han dynasty that combines prose and poetry) |
| 【麩】H | [noun] wheat bran [noun] wheat gluten [noun] foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread Alternative spelling 麸 |
| 【府】4 | [noun] The prefectural governments of Osaka and Kyoto. |
| 【負】3 | [noun] (mathematics) negativity, being negative (less than zero) [noun] (physics) negativity, being negative (of electrical charge of an electron) [noun] negativity, being negative (bad, pessimistic) |
| 【歩】2 | [noun] (shogi, colloquial) a foot soldier (piece that can move one space forward), erroneously called as the equivalent of the pawn in Western chess |
| 【不】4 | [prefix] un-, non-, in- [prefix] bad, poor Alternative spelling ぶ |
(This term, ふ (fu), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as ふ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ふ.) :

### References

* ↑ “ふ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006