# capitaneus
## Latin
### Etymology

* From caput (“head”) +‎ -āneus.
* Later absorbed and merged with similar catepanus, capetanus, and other Vulgar Latin renderings of katepano, the senior rank and title of Byzantine military captains of the Catepanate of Italy, from Byzantine Greek κατεπάνω (katepánō, literally “[the one] placed at the top, or the topmost”)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ka.piˈtaː.ne.us/, [käpɪˈt̪äːneʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ka.piˈta.ne.us/, [käpiˈt̪äːneus]

### Adjective

capitāneus (feminine capitānea, neuter capitāneum); first/second-declension adjective
* large, chief in size
* capital (of letters)

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Italian: capitano, capitan
*** → Aromanian: cãpitan
*** → English: capitano
*** → Romanian: căpitan
** Sicilian: capitanu
** Venetan: capetanio, capitan
*** → Greek: καπετάνιος (kapetánios)
*** → Ottoman Turkish: كاپتان
**** Turkish: kaptan
**** → Laz: კაპტანი (ǩap̌ťani)
* Ligurian: capitan
** → Old Galician-Portuguese: capitan, capitam
*** Galician: capitán
*** Portuguese: capitão, capitam (obsolete), capitaõ (obsolete)
**** → Gujarati: કપ્તાન (kaptān)
**** → Japanese: カピタン (kapitan)
**** → Malay: kapitan
***** Indonesian: kapitan
***** → Hokkien: 甲必丹 (kap-pit-tan, “captain”).
* Old French: chevetaine
** → Middle English: cheveteyn
*** English: chieftain
*** Scots: chieftain
Via capitānea f:
* Italian: capitagna
Via capitāneum n:
* Aromanian: cãpitãnj, cãpitãnjiu, cãpitinj, cãpitinjiu, cãpitunj, cãpitunjiu
* Romanian: căpătâi
Borrowings:
* → Old French: capitaine
** Middle French: capitaine
*** French: capitaine
**** → Walloon: captinne
** Norman: cap'taine, cap'tainne
** → Irish: captaen
** → Middle Dutch: capitein
*** Dutch: kapitein (see there for further descendants)
** → Middle English: capitain
*** English: captain (see there for further descendants)
*** Scots: caiptain
** → Middle High German: kapitān
*** German: Kapitän
*** → Old Czech: kapitán
**** Czech: kapitán
** → Middle Low German: kaptein
*** Plautdietsch: Kapitän
*** → Danish: kaptajn
*** → Estonian: kapten
*** → Norwegian: kaptein
*** → Swedish: kapten
**** → Finnish: kapteeni
* → Old Catalan: capitani
** → Catalan: capità
* → Old Occitan: capitani
** → Occitan: capitani
* → Polish: kapitan
** → Russian: капита́н (kapitán), капита́нъ (kapitán) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
*** → Armenian: կապիտան (kapitan)
*** → Azerbaijani: kapitan
*** → Kazakh: капитан (kapitan)
*** → Ukrainian: капітан (kapitan)
*** → Yakut: капитан (kapitan)
* → Spanish: capitán
** → English: capitan
** → Tagalog: kapitan
** → Ye'kwana: kajichaana
** → English: capitan
Unsorted borrowings:
* → Arabic: قبطان (qubṭān)
* → Belarusian: капітан (kapitan)
* → Bulgarian: капитан (kapitan)
* → Crimean Tatar: kapitan
* → Georgian: კაპიტანი (ḳaṗiṭani)
* → Hebrew: קפטן (kepten)
* → Hijazi Arabic: قبطان (gubṭān)
* → Hungarian: kapitány
* → Icelandic: kapteinn
* → Latvian: kapteinis
* → Macedonian: капетан (kapetan)
* → Malayalam: കപ്പിത്താന് (kappittānŭ)
* → Maltese: kaptan
* → Persian: کاپیتان (kâpitân)
* → Scottish Gaelic: caiptean
* → Serbo-Croatian: капетан / kapetan
* → Slovak: kapitán
* → Slovene: kapetan
* → Welsh: capten
* → Yiddish: קאַפּיטאַן (kapitan)

### Noun

capitāneus m (genitive capitāneī, feminine capitānea); second declension
* captain, commander
* governor, commandant
* civic official, prefect
* tribal chieftain, chief

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

### References

* “capitaneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "capitaneus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* capitaneus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* ↑ Salmon Claudine. Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges. In: Archipel, volume 78, 2009. pp. 181-208