# 子規
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǐguī
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$ kwai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǐguī
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhguei
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^3$-kuei$^1$
*** Yale: dž-gwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyyguei
*** Palladius: цзыгуй (czyguj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ kwai$^1$
*** Yale: jí kwāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ kwai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ kuei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsiX kjwie
Rime :
| Character | 子 | 規 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 支 (12) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 即里切 | 居隋切 |
| Baxter | tsiX | kjwie |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /kiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /kʷiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sie$^X$/ | /kjuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /kwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siə$^X$/ | /kiue/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ | /kǐwe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si$^X$/ | /kwie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǐ | guī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ | gwai$^1$ |

### Noun

子規
* (～鳥) cuckoo
    From: 759 CE, Du Fu, At Dharma Mirror Temple (《法鏡寺》)
    Míngmíng zǐguī jiào, wēijìng bùgǎn qǔ. [Pinyin]
    Dark in the distance the cuckoo crows Go Go, The narrow path to the temple I dare not seek.

#### Synonyms

* 伏鳩仔 / 伏鸠仔 (Hakka)
* 可穀 / 可谷 (dialectal)
* 姑姑蟲 / 姑姑虫 (gu$^1$ gu$^{1-3}$ cung$^1$) (Jin)
* 子規鳥 / 子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)
* 布穀 / 布谷 (bùgǔ)
* 布穀鳥 / 布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
* 杜宇 (dùyǔ) (literary)
* 杜鵑 / 杜鹃 (dùjuān)
* 杜鵑鳥 / 杜鹃鸟 (dùjuānniǎo)
* 種穀蟲兒 / 种谷虫儿 (Jin)
* 穀穀鳥 / 谷谷鸟 (dialectal)
* 豆仔鳥 / 豆仔鸟 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 陽雀子 / 阳雀子 (ian$^2$ cio$^6$ zr) (Xiang)
* 鳲鳩 / 鸤鸠 (shījiū) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 子規鳥 / 子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 子規(しき) (shiki)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 子 | 規 |
| し Grade: 1 | き Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 子規 (MC tsiX kjwie).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しき [shíꜜkì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しき [shìkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɕikʲi]

#### Noun

子(し)規(き) • (shiki)
* Synonym of ほととぎす (hototogisu): lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)

#### Proper noun

子(し)規(き) • (Shiki)
* Short for 正岡子規 (Masaoka Shiki): Meiji-period author, poet, and literary critic

#### Derived terms

* 子(し)規(き)忌(き) (Shiki-ki)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 子 | 規 |
| ほととぎす ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 5 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 子規 – see the following entry. :
| 【ほととぎすホトトギス】 | [noun] lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus) Alternative spellings 時鳥, 杜宇, 杜鵑, 田鵑, 蜀魂, 郭公, 不如帰 |
(This term, 子規, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from shiki above.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN