# 葩

| 葩 | U+8469, &#33897; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8469 |
| ← 葨 [U+8468] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 葪 → [U+846A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

葩 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹日山 (THAU), four-corner 4461$_7$, composition ⿱艹皅)

#### Derived characters

* 𡀥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1045, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31441
* Dae Jaweon: page 1507, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3251, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8469

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 巴 | *praː |
| 芭 | *praː |
| 笆 | *praː, *braːʔ |
| 豝 | *praː |
| 鈀 | *praː, *pʰraː |
| 吧 | *praː, *pʰraː |
| 蚆 | *praː, *pʰraː |
| 疤 | *praː |
| 把 | *praːʔ |
| 爸 | *praːs, *baʔ |
| 弝 | *praːs |
| 靶 | *praːs |
| 葩 | *pʰraː |
| 舥 | *pʰraː |
| 妑 | *pʰraː |
| 帊 | *pʰraːs |
| 琶 | *braː |
| 爬 | *braː |
| 杷 | *braː, *braːs, *braːs |
| 跁 | *braːʔ, *braːs |
| 耙 | *braːs |

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“bloom, flower”); compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:) or Zaiwa pan²¹, as well as 疤 (OC *praː, “scar, cicatrix”). Probably the same etymon as 瓣 (OC *breːns, “petal”) (Schusessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pā (pa$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄚ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): baa$^1$ / paa$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ba$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ba$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pha
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ba$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pā
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pa
*** Wade–Giles: pʻa$^1$
*** Yale: pā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pa
*** Palladius: па (pa)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baa$^1$ / paa$^1$
*** Yale: bā / pā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baa$^1$ / paa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ba$^1$ / pa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paː⁵⁵/, /pʰaː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ba$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pa³³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ba$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pa⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bă
*** Sinological IPA : /pa⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pha
*** Tâi-lô: pha
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰa³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰa⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ba$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pa
*** Sinological IPA : /pa³³/
* Middle Chinese: phae
Rime :
| Character | 葩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 普巴切 |
| Baxter | phae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰa/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | paa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 葩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 109 |
| Phonetic component | 巴 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 葩 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰraː/ |

### Definitions

葩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) flower
    奇葩 ― qípā ― magnificent flower
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beautiful
* (Southern Min) Classifier for lamps.
    一葩電火／一葩电火 [Hokkien] ― chi̍t pha tiān-hóe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― a lamp
* (Southern Min) Classifier for things that are strung together.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 盞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 盞 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 盞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 盞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 盞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 盞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 盞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 盞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 盞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 盞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 盞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 盞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 盞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 盞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 眼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盞, 眼 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 盞 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 盞 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 盞 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 盞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 盞 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 盞 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 盞 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 盞 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 盞 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 葩, 盞 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 葩 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 葩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 葩 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 葩 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 葩 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 盞 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 盞 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 盞 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 盞 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 盞 |
| Wu | Danyang | 盞 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 盞 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 盞 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 盞 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 盞 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 盞 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 盞 |

### Compounds

* 丹葩
* 含葩
* 奇葩 (qípā)
* 奇葩異卉 / 奇葩异卉
* 揚葩振藻 / 扬葩振藻
* 殘葩 / 残葩
* 瓊葩 / 琼葩
* 百卉千葩
* 紛葩 / 纷葩
* 芬葩
* 葩經 / 葩经 (Pājīng)
* 葩華 / 葩华

### References

* “葩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03532
* “葩”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: へ (he)
* Kan-on: は (ha)
* Kun: はな (hana, 葩)

## Korean
### Hanja

葩 (eum 파 (pa))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

葩: Hán Nôm readings: ba
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.