# 春分
## Chinese

* 春分 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 春分 (Cantonese)
* Chhûn-fûn (Hakka)
* Chŭng-hŭng (Eastern Min)
* Chhun-hun (Southern Min)
* 春分 (Wu)
* Chunfen (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Chūnfēn
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cun$^1$ fen$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon$^1$ fan$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cun$^1$ 'fiin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Chhûn-fûn
    (Hailu, HRS): chun$^ˋ$ fun$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cun$^1$ fun$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cung$^1$ feng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): Ché̤ng-hóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): Chŭng-*hŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cong$^1$ hong$^1$ / cuong$^1$ huong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Chhun-hun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cung$^1$ hung$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshen-fen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyn$^1$ fen$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Chūnfēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Chunfen
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻun$^1$-fên$^1$
*** Yale: Chwūn-fēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuenfen
*** Palladius: Чуньфэнь (Čunʹfɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cun$^1$ fen$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cunfen
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceon$^1$ fan$^1$
*** Yale: chēun fān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen$^1$ fan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cên$^1$ fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$春分 春昏
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cun$^1$ 'fiin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰun⁴² ˈfɨn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhûn-fûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun$^ˊ$ fun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cun$^1$ fun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chun$^ˋ$ fun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰun⁵³ fun⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cun$^1$ fun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁴⁴ fun⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$ feng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Ché̤ng-hóng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Chŭng-*hŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cong$^1$ hong$^1$ [Phonetic: cong$^5$ ngong$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Cheong-heong
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$ŋɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong$^1$ huong$^1$ [Phonetic: cuong$^5$ nuong$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$nuoŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhun-hun
*** Tâi-lô: Tshun-hun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhunhwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ hun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cung$^1$ hung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshung hung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshen-fen
*** MiniDict: tshen$^平$ fen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshen-fen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰən⁵⁵ fən²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: qyn$^1$ fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyn³³ ɸən³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhwin pjun
Rime :
| Character | 春 | 分 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 昌脣切 | 府文切 |
| Baxter | tsyhwin | pjun |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ | /pɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰʷin/ | /piun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰjuen/ | /piuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰwin/ | /pun/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ | /piuən/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ | /pĭuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ | /pi̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chūn | fēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceon$^1$ | fan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun pə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun pɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 春 | 分 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chūn | fēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhwin › | ‹ pjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰun/ | /*pə[n]/ |
| English | springtime | divide |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 春 | 分 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 12573 | 3148 |
| Phonetic component | 屯 | 分 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 春 | 分 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjun/ | /*pɯn/ |
| Notes | 說文從艸從日屯聲， 實屯繁化轉註字 | |

### Proper noun

春分
* The fourth of the twenty-four solar terms, around March 20th or 21st, which is on the spring equinox.

#### Coordinate terms

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 春分(しゅんぶん) (Shunbun)
* → Korean: 춘분(春分) (chunbun)
* → Vietnamese: Xuân phân (春分)

### References

* “春分”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “Entry #2584”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 春 | 分 |
| しゅん Grade: 2 | ぶん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅんぶん [shùńbúń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕɨ̃mbɯ̟̃ɴ]

### Proper noun

春(しゅん)分(ぶん) • (Shunbun)
* the vernal equinox
* the day of the vernal equinox

#### Synonyms

* (the day of the vernal equinox): 春(しゅん)分(ぶん)の日(ひ) (shunbun no hi)

### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “春分”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 春 | 分 |

### Noun

春分 • (chunbun) (hangeul 춘분)
* hanja form of 춘분

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 春 | 分 |

### Proper noun

春分
* chữ Hán form of Xuân phân (“the vernal equinox, the day of the vernal equinox”).

### See also

* Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
** Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
** Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
** Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)