# 閱

| 閱 | U+95B1, &#38321; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95B1 |
| ← 閰 [U+95B0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 閲 → [U+95B2] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 閱 |
| Shinjitai | 閲 |
| Simplified | 阅 |

### Han character

閱 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日弓金口山 (ANCRU), four-corner 7721$_6$, composition ⿵門兌)

#### Derived characters

* 𧀲, 𮆬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1336, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41341
* Dae Jaweon: page 1841, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4301, character 7
* Unihan data for U+95B1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 毤 | *l̥ʰoːds |
| 蛻 | *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod |
| 娧 | *l̥ʰoːds, *lod |
| 駾 | *l̥ʰoːds |
| 裞 | *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods |
| 兌 | *l'oːds |
| 綐 | *l'oːds |
| 銳 | *l'oːds, *lods |
| 帨 | *stʰods, *hljods |
| 稅 | *hljods |
| 說 | *hljods, *hljod, *lod |
| 涚 | *hljods |
| 䫄 | *rtʰoːd |
| 脫 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
| 侻 | *l̥ʰoːd |
| 挩 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
| 莌 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
| 梲 | *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd |
| 鮵 | *l'oːd |
| 敓 | *l'oːd |
| 痥 | *l'oːd |
| 悅 | *lod, *lod |
| 閱 | *lod |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lod): semantic 門 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yuè (yue$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yue$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyut$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yot$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yot$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ye̍t / ya̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yad$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): yeh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳĕ
* Eastern Min (BUC): iók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oa̍t / oat / ia̍t / iat / et
    (Teochew, Peng'im): luag$^4$ / luêg$^4$ / ruag$^8$ / luah$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$yuq; $^8$yoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ye$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
*** Palladius: юэ (jue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yue$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ye
*** Sinological IPA : /ye²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyut$^6$
*** Yale: yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yot$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jᵘɔt̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yot$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /yɵt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ye̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: ied
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /iat̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: yeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /yɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iók
*** Sinological IPA : /yɔʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oat
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Changtai): /uat̚³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /uat̚¹⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oat
*** Tâi-lô: uat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oad
*** IPA (Hui'an): /uat̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iat
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɛt̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iat
*** Tâi-lô: iat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iad
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /iɛt̚⁵/
*** IPA (Yongchun): /iɛt̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: et
*** Tâi-lô: et
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ed
*** IPA (Hui'an): /et̚⁴/
* oa̍t/oat - literary;
* ia̍t/iat/et - colloquial.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit閱 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yɛ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /yɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ye⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /yə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /yə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /yɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /yɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /yu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ye¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /yə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /yɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ye²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ye³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /yeʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /yaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦyəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦyəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jy²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /yɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ye²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ye²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yɵʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iat̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒet̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyt̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yt̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jyt̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /uat̚⁵/ /iat̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yɔʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /luak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zuak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: ywet
Rime :
| Character | 閱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (82) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 弋雪切 |
| Baxter | ywet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /juæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lot/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 閱 | 閱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuè | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ywet › | ‹ ywet › |
| Old Chinese | /*lot/ | /*lot/ |
| English | count, sum up | inspect |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 閱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2576 |
| Phonetic component | 兑 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 悅 |
| Old Chinese | /*lod/ |

### Definitions

閱
* (literary, or in compounds) to inspect; to examine; to review
    閱兵／阅兵 ― yuèbīng ― to review troops
* (literary, or in compounds) to read; to peruse
    閱報／阅报 ― yuè bào ― to read newspapers
    From: 2006, 刘慈欣, 《三体》, page 125
    【 pīshì 】 yǐ yuè, gǒupìbùtōng! Dàzìbào zài dìshàng tiē jiù xíng le, bùyào fā dào tiānshàng qù. [Pinyin]
    Read. This is bullshit! Putting up dazibao on the ground is enough. Don't send it into space.
* (literary, or in compounds) to experience; to go through
    閱盡滄桑／阅尽沧桑 ― yuè jìn cāngsāng ― to have experienced all the vicissitudes of life
* a surname, Yue

#### Synonyms

* (to inspect): 查點／查点 (chádiǎn), 視察／视察 (shìchá)
* (to experience):
* 履歷 / 履历 (lǚlì) (literary)
* 涉歷 / 涉历 (shèlì) (literary)
* 經歷 / 经历 (jīnglì)
* 經驗 / 经验 (jīngyàn)
* 親自經受 / 亲自经受 (qīnzì jīngshòu)
* 閱歷 / 阅历 (yuèlì)

### Compounds

* 傳閱 / 传阅 (chuányuè)
* 共閱 / 共阅
* 參閱 / 参阅 (cānyuè)
* 受閱 / 受阅 (shòuyuè)
* 大閱 / 大阅
* 審閱 / 审阅 (shěnyuè)
* 批閱 / 批阅 (pīyuè)
* 拜閱 / 拜阅
* 拆閱 / 拆阅
* 披閱 / 披阅 (pīyuè)
* 掘閱 / 掘阅
* 搜閱 / 搜阅
* 查閱 / 查阅 (cháyuè)
* 核閱 / 核阅
* 校閱 / 校阅 (jiàoyuè)
* 檢閱 / 检阅 (jiǎnyuè)
* 檢閱場 / 检阅场
* 簡閱 / 简阅
* 翻閱 / 翻阅 (fānyuè)
* 訂閱 / 订阅 (dìngyuè)
* 評閱 / 评阅 (píngyuè)
* 調閱 / 调阅 (diàoyuè)
* 貌閱 / 貌阅
* 賞閱 / 赏阅
* 贈閱 / 赠阅
* 選閱 / 选阅
* 閥閱 / 阀阅
* 閱世 / 阅世
* 閱兵 / 阅兵 (yuèbīng)
* 閱卷 / 阅卷 (yuèjuàn)
* 閱實 / 阅实
* 閱年 / 阅年 (yuènián)
* 閱歷 / 阅历 (yuèlì)
* 閱處 / 阅处
* 閱覽 / 阅览 (yuèlǎn)
* 閱讀 / 阅读 (yuèdú)
* 閱辦 / 阅办
* 點閱 / 点阅 (diǎnyuè)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 閲 |
| Kyūjitai | 閱 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 閲)
* to review manuscripts; to read attentively
* to inspect; to censor; to review troops

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えつ (etsu)
* Kun: けみする (kemisuru)

### Usage notes

This character lacks JIS support and is not used in Japan. 閲 (U+95B2) is used instead.

## Korean
### Hanja

閱 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))
* inspect

## Vietnamese
### Han character

閱: Hán Nôm readings: duyệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.