# 緣

| 緣 | U+7DE3, &#32227; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DE3 |
| ← 緢 [U+7DE2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 緤 → [U+7DE4] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 緣 |
| Shinjitai | 縁 |
| Simplified | 缘 |

### Han character

緣 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火女弓人 (VFVNO), four-corner 2793$_2$, composition ⿰糹彖)

#### Derived characters

* 𢷻, 櫞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 930, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27656
* Dae Jaweon: page 1368, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3433, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7DE3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 緣
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蠡 | *reːlʔ, *rel, *roːl |
| 盠 | *reːlʔ, *reːl |
| 彖 | *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns |
| 墬 | *l'els |
| 喙 | *hlods, *l̥ʰjods |
| 餯 | *hlods |
| 剶 | *ʔslon, *l̥ʰon |
| 猭 | *l̥ʰon, *l̥ʰons |
| 鶨 | *l̥ʰons, *l'uːns |
| 椽 | *l'on |
| 篆 | *l'onʔ |
| 瑑 | *l'onʔ |
| 堟 | *l'onʔ |
| 蝝 | *lon |
| 緣 | *lon, *lons |
| 櫞 | *lon |
| 掾 | *lons |
| 褖 | *l̥ʰoːns |
| 湪 | *l̥ʰoːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lon, *lons): semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuán (yuan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^5$ / uêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$
*** Yale: ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uang$^5$ / uêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uâng / uêng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵⁵/, /ueŋ⁵⁵/
* uang5 - Shantou;
* uêng5 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: ywen
Rime :
| Character | 緣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 與專切 |
| Baxter | ywen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /juæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwian/ |
| Li Rong | /iuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lon/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lon/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 緣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ywen › |
| Old Chinese | /*lon/ |
| English | go along, follow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 緣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12527 |
| Phonetic component | 彖 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沿 |
| Old Chinese | /*lon/ |

#### Definitions

緣
* hem (edge of a piece of clothing)
* edge; brink; margin
* along; down; throughout the length of
    From: 4th–5th century, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記
    Jìn Tàiyuán zhōng, Wǔlíng rén bǔyú wéi yè, yuán xī xíng, wàng lù zhī yuǎnjìn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to climb up; to climb vertically; to ascend
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Yǐ ruò suǒ wéi, qiú ruò suǒ yù, yóu yuán mù ér qiú yú yě. [Pinyin]
    But doing what you do to seek for what you desire is like climbing a tree to seek for fish.
* to involve; to implicate; to incriminate
* reason; cause; basis
    無緣無故／无缘无故 ― wúyuánwúgù ― without reason
* (literary) because of; due to
    緣何／缘何 ― yuánhé ― why
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Zāiyì zhī biàn, hé yuán ér qǐ? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 8th century, Du Fu, 《客至》
    Huā jìng bùcéng yuán kè sǎo, péng mén jīn shǐ wèi jūn kāi. [Pinyin]
    The flower path was never swept because of guests; the grassy gate was opened today for the first time ever for you.
    From: File:中国何以强 缘有共产党 IMG 20141009 170747.jpg
    Zhōngguó héyǐ qiáng, yuán yǒu Gòngchǎndǎng [Pinyin]
    Why is China strong? Because of the Communist Party.
* relying on; depending on
* lucky chance; luck or lot by which people are brought together; predestined relationship; fate; serendipity
       “Jìnghuāyuán” [Pinyin]
       Flowers in the Mirror
* linkage; bondings

#### Compounds

* 一緣一會 / 一缘一会
* 一面之緣 / 一面之缘
* 三笑姻緣 / 三笑姻缘
* 不解之緣 / 不解之缘 (bùjiězhīyuán)
* 作緣 / 作缘
* 來緣 / 来缘
* 俗緣 / 俗缘
* 全緣葉 / 全缘叶
* 兩世姻緣 / 两世姻缘
* 再生緣 / 再生缘
* 分淺緣慳 / 分浅缘悭
* 分淺緣薄 / 分浅缘薄
* 分緣 / 分缘 (fènyuán)
* 分薄緣慳 / 分薄缘悭
* 前世姻緣 / 前世姻缘
* 剃刀邊緣 / 剃刀边缘
* 前緣 / 前缘
* 募緣 / 募缘
* 化緣 / 化缘 (huàyuán)
* 區中緣 / 区中缘
* 十二因緣 / 十二因缘
* 同緣同相 / 同缘同相
* 周緣 / 周缘
* 善緣 / 善缘
* 因緣 / 因缘 (yīnyuán)
* 因緣巧合 / 因缘巧合
* 因緣際會 / 因缘际会
* 地緣 / 地缘 (dìyuán)
* 塵緣 / 尘缘 (chényuán)
* 外緣 / 外缘 (wàiyuán)
* 夙世因緣 / 夙世因缘
* 夙緣 / 夙缘 (sùyuán)
* 夤緣 / 夤缘
* 夤緣攀附 / 夤缘攀附
* 大陸邊緣 / 大陆边缘
* 天付良緣 / 天付良缘
* 天假因緣 / 天假因缘
* 天假良緣 / 天假良缘
* 天緣 / 天缘
* 天緣奇遇 / 天缘奇遇
* 天緣巧合 / 天缘巧合
* 天緣注定 / 天缘注定
* 天緣湊合 / 天缘凑合
* 天緣湊巧 / 天缘凑巧
* 天緣輻輳 / 天缘辐辏
* 奇緣 / 奇缘 (qíyuán)
* 好姻緣 / 好姻缘
* 姻緣 / 姻缘 (yīnyuán)
* 姻緣簿 / 姻缘簿
* 孽緣 / 孽缘 (nièyuán)
* 家緣 / 家缘
* 家緣家計 / 家缘家计
* 宿緣 / 宿缘 (sùyuán)
* 幹家緣 / 干家缘
* 廣結善緣 / 广结善缘
* 廣結良緣 / 广结良缘
* 弓硯緣 / 弓砚缘
* 得意緣 / 得意缘
* 情緣 / 情缘 (qíngyuán)
* 惡緣惡業 / 恶缘恶业
* 意中緣 / 意中缘
* 投緣 / 投缘 (tóuyuán)
* 攀緣 / 攀缘 (pānyuán)
* 攀緣植物 / 攀缘植物
* 攀緣莖 / 攀缘茎
* 有人緣兒 / 有人缘儿
* 有緣 / 有缘 (yǒuyuán)
* 根緣 / 根缘
* 梅鶴因緣 / 梅鹤因缘
* 業緣 / 业缘
* 機緣 / 机缘 (jīyuán)
* 機緣巧合 / 机缘巧合
* 機緣湊巧 / 机缘凑巧
* 求魚緣木 / 求鱼缘木
* 沒緣沒故 / 没缘没故
* 法緣 / 法缘
* 無盡緣起 / 无尽缘起
* 無緣 / 无缘 (wúyuán)
* 無緣無故 / 无缘无故 (wúyuánwúgù)
* 祇樹有緣 / 祇树有缘
* 福緣 / 福缘
* 萬緣 / 万缘
* 秦晉之緣 / 秦晋之缘
* 窗緣 / 窗缘
* 簡緣 / 简缘
* 結壽緣 / 结寿缘
* 絕緣 / 绝缘 (juéyuán)
* 結緣 / 结缘 (jiéyuán)
* 絕緣體 / 绝缘体 (juéyuántǐ)
* 緣份 / 缘份 (yuánfèn)
* 緣何 / 缘何 (yuánhé)
* 緣分 / 缘分 (yuánfèn)
* 緣名失實 / 缘名失实
* 緣因 / 缘因
* 緣坐 / 缘坐
* 緣姓 / 缘姓
* 緣定三生 / 缘定三生
* 緣情體物 / 缘情体物
* 緣慳分淺 / 缘悭分浅
* 緣慳命蹇 / 缘悭命蹇
* 緣房 / 缘房
* 緣投 / 缘投
* 緣故 / 缘故 (yuángù)
* 緣文生義 / 缘文生义
* 緣會 / 缘会
* 緣木求魚 / 缘木求鱼 (yuánmùqiúyú)
* 緣業 / 缘业
* 緣椿象 / 缘椿象
* 緣法 / 缘法
* 緣海 / 缘海
* 緣生 / 缘生
* 緣由 / 缘由 (yuányóu)
* 緣私 / 缘私
* 緣簿 / 缘簿
* 緣覺 / 缘觉
* 緣訂三生 / 缘订三生
* 緣起 / 缘起 (yuánqǐ)
* 老緣 / 老缘
* 良緣 / 良缘 (liángyuán)
* 葉緣 / 叶缘
* 螞蟻緣槐 / 蚂蚁缘槐
* 血緣 / 血缘 (xuèyuán)
* 邂逅之緣 / 邂逅之缘
* 邊緣 / 边缘 (biānyuán)
* 邊緣人 / 边缘人 (biānyuánrén)
* 邊緣化 / 边缘化 (biānyuánhuà)
* 邊緣科學 / 边缘科学 (biānyuán kēxué)
* 鏡花緣 / 镜花缘
* 陸緣海 / 陆缘海 (lùyuánhǎi)
* 階緣 / 阶缘
* 隨緣 / 随缘 (suíyuán)
* 隨緣樂助 / 随缘乐助
* 露水姻緣 / 露水姻缘
* 香火因緣 / 香火因缘
* 馬上緣 / 马上缘

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuàn (yuan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuàn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^4$
*** Yale: ywàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuann
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^6$
*** Yale: yuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²²/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lons/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 緣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12530 |
| Phonetic component | 彖 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 掾 |
| Old Chinese | /*lons/ |

#### Definitions

緣
* hem; margin
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to edge with lace; to rim with lace, border, etc.

### References

* “緣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 縁 |
| Kyūjitai | 緣 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 縁)
* hem
* margin
* reason
* cause
* karma
* destiny; fate

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)
* Kun: ふち (fuchi, 緣)、へり (heri, 緣)、よる (yoru, 緣る)

## Korean
### Hanja

緣 • (yeon, dan) (hangeul 연, 단, revised yeon, dan, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, tan, Yale yen, tan)
* fate
* reason

## Vietnamese
### Han character

緣: Hán Nôm readings: duyên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.