# 顏

| 顏 | U+984F, &#38991; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-984F |
| ← 顎 [U+984E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 顐 → [U+9850] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 顏 |
| Shinjitai | 顔 |
| Simplified | 颜 |

### Han character

顏 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 難卜竹一月 (XYHMB) or 卜竹一月金 (YHMBC), four-corner 0128$_6$, composition ⿰彥頁)

#### Related characters

* 顔 (Preferred form used in Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Also a variant Chinese traditional form)
* 颜 (Simplified Chinese)

#### Derived characters

* 𫻤, 𫌧, 𩕝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1407, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43591
* Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 7, page 4383, character 10
* Unihan data for U+984F

## Chinese

* 顏姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 顏氏 (Cantonese)
* Gân (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 喭 | *ŋaːns, *ŋrans |
| 鏟 | *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns |
| 産 | *sŋreːnʔ |
| 簅 | *sreːnʔ |
| 摌 | *sreːnʔ |
| 嵼 | *sŋreːnʔ |
| 滻 | *sŋreːnʔ |
| 顏 | *ŋraːn |
| 楌 | *ŋraːn |
| 偐 | *ŋraːns |
| 齴 | *ŋranʔ |
| 遃 | *ŋranʔ |
| 嵃 | *ŋranʔ |
| 彦 | *ŋrans |
| 諺 | *ŋrans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraːn): phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Bronze inscription forms: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraːn): phonetic 产 (chǎn) + semantic 面 (“face”).

### Etymology

Various possibilities exist:
* Related to 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”) (Wang, 1982);
* From 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to welcome”) + nominalising suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to Tibetan ངར (ngar, “front side”) (Schuessler, 2007).
* From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), & 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
* Cognate with Japhug tɯrŋa (“face”), Khroskyabs rŋá (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngan$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngièn / ngiàn
    (Hailu, HRS): ngien
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngian$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngǎing
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gân / hiâⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang$^5$ / nguêng$^5$ / hian$^5$ / ngang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$nge; $^6$yi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaan$^4$
*** Yale: ngàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡan²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngien
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋien⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋian¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǎing
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngàng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ngang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gân
*** Tâi-lô: gân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡan¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡan²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡan²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: hiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hviaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiã²⁴/
* Xiamen:
** gân - literary (incl. surname);
** hiâⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: ngaen
Rime :
| Character | 顏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五姦切 |
| Baxter | ngaen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋan/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋan/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngaan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤrar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 顏 | 顏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngæn › | ‹ ngæn › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ŋˁrar/ | /*C.ŋˁrar/ |
| English | face, forehead | surname |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 顏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14405 |
| Phonetic component | 彦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 顏 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋraːn/ |

### Definitions

顏
* (literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area
* countenance; facial expression
    容顏／容颜 ― róngyán ― countenance; looks
    笑逐顏開／笑逐颜开 ― xiàozhúyánkāi ― to beam with joy
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yǒu nǚ tóng chē, yán rú shùnhuá. [Pinyin]
    There is the lady in the carriage [with him], With the countenance like the flower of the ephemeral hedge-tree.
       Zhāng Sān de yán wǒ zhēn xǐhuan. [Pinyin]
       I really like John Doe's face.
* color; hue
    顏色／颜色 ― yánsè ― color
* prestige; dignity
    厚顏／厚颜 ― hòuyán ― brazen; shameless
* a surname
    顏真卿／颜真卿 ― Yán Zhēnqīng ― Yan Zhenqing (Tang dynasty calligrapher)
* (Thailand) ngan (Thai customary unit of area equal to 400 m²)

#### Synonyms

* (face):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 面, 顏 countenance |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 臉, 臉部, 面孔, 臉孔, 臉面 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 臉, 臉兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 臉, 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 臉, 皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 臉, 臉蛋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 臉, 面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 臉, 面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 臉, 面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 臉, 臉佬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 臉, 臉兒, 臉膛子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 臉, 臉面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 張臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 臉, 面 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 臉, 臉蛋子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 臉, 盤子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 臉, 臉敦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 臉, 臉巴兒, 臉登兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 臉, 面孔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 臉, 面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 臉, 面子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 臉, 臉面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 臉, 臉盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 臉包 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 臉, 面 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 臉, 面孔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 臉, 面 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 臉 |
| Mandarin | Nanping (Yanping) | 臉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 面, 面頂 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 面 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 面 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 面, 面口 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 面 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 面, 面子蛋 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Gaozhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 面 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 面 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 面 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 面 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 面 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 臉 |
| Gan | Poyang | 臉 |
| Gan | Yugan | 面 |
| Gan | Wannian | 面 |
| Gan | Yiyang, Jiangxi | 面 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 面 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 面 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 面 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 面 |
| Gan | Jianning | 面嘴 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 面 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 面 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 面 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 面 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 面 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 面 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 面 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 面 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Nanjing (Meilin) | 面 |
| Hakka | Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Changting | 面 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Zhongshan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 面, 面嘴 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 面嘴 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 面盤 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 面 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 面 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 面 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 面 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 面, 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 面 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hengzhou (Xiaoyi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longtan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shiling) | 面 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longwang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shibantan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Hexingchang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Weiyuan (Guanyingtan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yilong (Ma'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xichang (Huanglianguan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 面 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 面 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Meixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 面 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 面 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 面嘴, 面 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 面嘴 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 面嘴 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 面嘴 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 面嘴 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 面 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 面, 面相 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 面嘴 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 面嘴 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 臉 |
| Jin | Taiyuan (Jinyuan) | 臉 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 臉 |
| Jin | Datong | 臉 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 臉, 臉面 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 臉 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 臉, 臉面 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 臉 |
| Jin | Linhe | 臉 |
| Jin | Jining | 臉 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 臉 |
| Jin | Baotou | 臉 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 眉眼 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 面 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 臉 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 臉 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 臉 |
| Jin | Handan | 臉 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 臉 |
| Jin | Suide | 臉, 臉面 |
| Jin | Shenmu | 眉眼 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 面孔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 面, 面頰 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 面頰 |
| Northern Min | Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) | 面 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 面, 面頰 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 面 |
| Northern Min | Shunchang (Yangdun) | 面 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 面 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 面 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 面, 面䫌 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Xiyang, Xibin) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Tiantang, Yangzhong) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Tangchuan) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Zhongxian) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 面 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 面 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 面 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 面 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 面 |
| Southern Min | Miaoli (Houlong) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 面頰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 面, 隔溝 |
| Southern Min | Datian (Guangping) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Youxi (Jiemian, Banmian) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Youxi (Longyi, Xinyang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shunchang (Pushang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 面 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 面 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 面 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 面 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 面嘴 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 面嘴, 面 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 面嘴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 面嘴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 面 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 面 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 面嘴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 面把 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 面 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 面 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 面 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 面 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 面 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 面 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 面 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 面 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 面 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 面 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 面 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 面 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 面 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 面 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 面 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 面 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 面 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 面 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 面 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 面包 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 面 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 面孔, 面顴, 番斯 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 面孔 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 面孔 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 面孔 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 面孔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 面孔 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 臉, 臉孔 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 面孔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 面股, 面 |
| Wu | Yunhe | 面 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 面 |
| Wu | Suichang | 面 |
| Wu | Changshan | 面 |
| Wu | Kaihua | 面 |
| Wu | Longyou | 面嘴 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 面, 面孔 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 面 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 面切 |
| Wu | Pujiang | 面, 面孔 |
| Wu | Dongyang | 面切 |
| Wu | Pan'an | 面 |
| Wu | Wuyi | 面孔 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 面嘴 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 面嘴 |
| Wu | Yushan | 面 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 臉 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 面 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 面 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 臉 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 面腮 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 面古 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 面鉢, 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 面鉢 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 面 |
* (color): 色 (sè)

### Compounds

* 不徇顏面 / 不徇颜面
* 久違顏範 / 久违颜范
* 五顏六色 / 五颜六色 (wǔyánliùsè)
* 仙顏 / 仙颜
* 低顏 / 低颜
* 低顏下膝 / 低颜下膝
* 假以顏色 / 假以颜色
* 分顏 / 分颜
* 厚顏 / 厚颜 (hòuyán)
* 厚顏無恥 / 厚颜无耻 (hòuyánwúchǐ)
* 反顏 / 反颜 (fǎnyán)
* 和顏 / 和颜
* 和顏下氣 / 和颜下气
* 和顏悅色 / 和颜悦色 (héyányuèsè)
* 喜笑顏開 / 喜笑颜开 (xǐxiàoyánkāi)
* 喜逐顏開 / 喜逐颜开
* 天顏 / 天颜
* 奴顏婢睞 / 奴颜婢睐
* 奴顏婢膝 / 奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī)
* 奴顏媚骨 / 奴颜媚骨 (núyánmèigǔ)
* 婢膝奴顏 / 婢膝奴颜
* 完顏 / 完颜 (Wányán)
* 容顏 / 容颜 (róngyán)
* 寄顏無所 / 寄颜无所
* 察顏觀色 / 察颜观色 (cháyánguānsè)
* 尊顏 / 尊颜 (zūnyán)
* 展顏 / 展颜
* 廣告顏料 / 广告颜料
* 強顏 / 强颜
* 強顏歡笑 / 强颜欢笑 (qiǎngyánhuānxiào)
* 形於顏色 / 形于颜色
* 怡顏 / 怡颜
* 怡顏悅色 / 怡颜悦色
* 愁顏不展 / 愁颜不展
* 慈顏 / 慈颜
* 承顏 / 承颜
* 抗顏 / 抗颜
* 承顏候色 / 承颜候色
* 承顏接辭 / 承颜接辞
* 承顏順旨 / 承颜顺旨
* 披顏 / 披颜
* 措顏無地 / 措颜无地
* 摧顏 / 摧颜
* 改顏 / 改颜
* 啟顏 / 启颜
* 朱顏 / 朱颜 (zhūyán)
* 朱顏粉面 / 朱颜粉面
* 朱顏鶴髮 / 朱颜鹤发
* 歡顏 / 欢颜
* 正言厲顏 / 正言厉颜
* 正顏 / 正颜
* 正顏厲色 / 正颜厉色
* 毀顏 / 毁颜
* 汗顏 / 汗颜 (hànyán)
* 沒顏色 / 没颜色
* 沒顏落色 / 没颜落色
* 清顏 / 清颜
* 無顏 / 无颜 (wúyán)
* 爨龍顏碑 / 爨龙颜碑
* 犯顏 / 犯颜 (fànyán)
* 犯顏苦諫 / 犯颜苦谏
* 玉顏 / 玉颜
* 發光顏料 / 发光颜料
* 白髮朱顏 / 白发朱颜
* 白髮紅顏 / 白发红颜 (báifǎ hóngyán)
* 白髮蒼顏 / 白发苍颜
* 皓首蒼顏 / 皓首苍颜
* 盛顏 / 盛颜
* 盜跖顏淵 / 盗跖颜渊
* 破顏 / 破颜
* 破顏微笑 / 破颜微笑
* 碧眼童顏 / 碧眼童颜 (bìyǎntóngyán)
* 秋顏 / 秋颜
* 童顏 / 童颜 (tóngyán)
* 童顏鶴髮 / 童颜鹤发 (tóngyánhèfà)
* 笑逐顏開 / 笑逐颜开 (xiàozhúyánkāi)
* 紅顏 / 红颜 (hóngyán)
* 紅顏命薄 / 红颜命薄
* 紅顏薄命 / 红颜薄命 (hóngyánbómìng)
* 給以顏色 / 给以颜色
* 綠鬢朱顏 / 绿鬓朱颜
* 芝顏 / 芝颜
* 花顏月貌 / 花颜月貌
* 蒼顏 / 苍颜 (cāngyán)
* 衰顏 / 衰颜
* 解顏 / 解颜
* 變顏 / 变颜
* 赧顏 / 赧颜 (nǎnyán)
* 赧顏汗下 / 赧颜汗下
* 還以顏色 / 还以颜色
* 酡顏 / 酡颜
* 鈞顏 / 钧颜
* 錯認顏標 / 错认颜标
* 開顏 / 开颜
* 隆顏 / 隆颜
* 霽顏 / 霁颜
* 靦顏 / 䩄颜
* 靦顏事仇 / 䩄颜事仇
* 靦顏借命 / 䩄颜借命
* 韶顏稚齒 / 韶颜稚齿
* 顏如玉 / 颜如玉
* 顏字 / 颜字
* 顏料 / 颜料 (yánliào)
* 顏柳 / 颜柳
* 顏筋柳骨 / 颜筋柳骨
* 顏範 / 颜范
* 顏色 / 颜色
* 顏苦孔卓 / 颜苦孔卓
* 顏闔鑿培 / 颜阖凿培
* 顏面 / 颜面 (yánmiàn)
* 顏面神經 / 颜面神经 (yánmiàn shénjīng)
* 顏面角 / 颜面角
* 顏面骨 / 颜面骨
* 顏骨柳筋 / 颜骨柳筋
* 顏體 / 颜体
* 養顏 / 养颜 (yǎngyán)
* 養顏有術 / 养颜有术
* 駐顏 / 驻颜 (zhùyán)
* 駐顏有術 / 驻颜有术
* 鶴髮童顏 / 鹤发童颜 (hèfàtóngyán)
* 龍顏 / 龙颜 (lóngyán)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 顔 |
| Kyūjitai | 顏 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 顔)
* Kyūjitai form of 顔 (face; expression)

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: がん (gan)
* Kun: かお (kao, 顏)

### Usage notes

For the character commonly used in modern Japan, see 顔 instead.

### References

* ↑ “顏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

顏 • (an) (hangeul 안, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
* face
* facial appearance

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Kun: みぱな (mipana, 顏)

### Etymology

From 目 (mī, “eye”) + 鼻 (pana, “nose”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mipana]

### Noun

顏(みぱな) (mipana)
* face

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ちら (chira)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕira]

### Noun

顏(ちら) (chira)
* face

## Vietnamese
### Han character

顏: Hán Nôm readings: nhan
* face