# magister
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin magister (“a master, chief, head, superior, director, teacher, etc.”), from magis (“more or great”) + -ter. Doublet of maestro, master, and meister.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmæd͡ʒɪstə(ɹ)/

### Noun

magister (plural magisters)
* Master; sir: a title used in the Middle Ages, given to a person in authority, or to one having a licence from a university to teach philosophy and the liberal arts.
* The possessor of a master's degree.
* (occult, witchcraft, Church of Satan) The chief male celebrant of an occult ritual.
    Coordinate term: magistra
** 2007, Peter H. Gilmore, The Satanic Scriptures, Scapegoat Publishing, →ISBN, page vi:The magnificent Magisters and Magistras, profound Priests and Priestesses, wondrous Witches and Warlocks, astounding Agents, and the ever-inspiring loyal cohort that makes up the Citizenry of our Infernal Empire—you are an aristocracy of achievers, many of whom are cherished friends, and cannot know how very much you each mean to me.
** 2009, Michael W. Ford, Luciferian Witchcraft – The Book of The Serpent: The Grimoire of The Serpent, 2nd edition, Succubus Publishing, →ISBN, page 308:If only the Magistra and Magister of the Rite are present, then just the Magister shall drink of simulate if fake (ie theatrical) blood is used.
** 2015, Amaranthus, Feasting from the Black Cauldron, Lulu, →ISBN:Just as there are tools and symbols that are specific to the Magistra, the stang is a tool used to represent the Horned God and should be used by the Magister only.
** 2019, WLLM, Hokkus Satanus, Satan Wants Haikus!, Lee John Press, →ISBN, page 45:Fourth Degrees migrate, Magistras & Magisters administering.
** 2022, Robert Johnson, “Acknowledgments”, in The Satanic Warlock, 2nd edition, →ISBN:My heartfelt appreciation to all of the Church of Satan Magisters, Magistras, Witches, Priests, Priestesses and members who contributed in words and deeds, […].

#### Related terms

* magister juris
* master's degree
* master
* mister

#### Further reading

* “magister”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “magister”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Gemarist, migrates, ragtimes, sterigma

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French magister, borrowed from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, maître, and master.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

magister m (plural magisters)
* (obsolete) schoolmaster

### Further reading

* “magister”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch magister, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, master, and mester.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /maˈɡistər/ [maˈɡis.t̪ər]
* Rhymes: -istər
* Syllabification: ma‧gis‧ter

### Noun

magistêr (plural magister-magister)
* (education) magister, master's degree
    Synonyms: master, sarjana utama

#### Related terms

* magisterium

### See also

* sarjana (“bachelor”)
* doktor

### Further reading

* “magister” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* macister (archaic)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *magisteros. Equivalent to magis (“more or great”) + Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Compare minister.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /maˈɡis.ter/, [mäˈɡɪs̠t̪ɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /maˈd͡ʒis.ter/, [mäˈd͡ʒist̪er]

### Noun

magister m (genitive magistrī, feminine magistra); second declension
* master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor
    Synonym: praeses
* teacher, instructor, educator of children, tutor, pedagogue
    Synonym: praeceptor
* master; a title of the Middle Ages, given to a person in authority or to one having a license from a university to teach philosophy and the liberal arts, teacher, instructor
    Synonym: trāditor

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).

#### Coordinate terms

* minister

#### Derived terms

* magisterium
* magistra
* magistrālis
* magistrātus
* magistrō, magisterō

#### Related terms

* magis
* magnus

#### Descendants

From Vulgar Latin *majester, *majestru:
* Balkan Romance
** Romanian: măiestru, măestru
* Padanian:
** Friulian: mestri
** Ligurian: méistro
** Piedmontese: mèistr
** Venetan: maestro
*** → Cimbrian: maistro
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: maestru
** Old Italian: mastro
*** Italian: maestro (see there for further descendants)
** Neapolitan: maestro
** Sicilian: mastru, majistru
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old Francoprovençal: maistre, maistro
*** Franco-Provençal: mêtro, maîtro, meîtro
*** Bressan: maîtrou
** Old French: maistre, mestre
*** Middle French: maistre
**** French: maître (see there for further descendants)
*** Bourguignon: moître
*** Gallo: maître
*** Norman: maître
*** Picard: moaître
*** Walloon: mwaisse
*** → Middle Breton: maestr
**** Breton: mestr
*** → Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir
**** English: master (see there for further descendants)
**** English: mister (see there for further descendants)
**** Scots: maister
*** → Middle Welsh: meistyr
**** Welsh: meistr
*** → Old East Slavic: мастеръ (masterŭ)
**** Russian: мастер (master)
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: mayestre, mayestro
** Old Catalan: maestre
*** Catalan: mestre
** Old Occitan: maestre
*** Occitan: mèstre
*** → Old Galician-Portuguese: meestre, maestre (or via Old Catalan)
**** Galician: mestre
**** Portuguese: mestre
*** → Spanish: maestre
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: maistru
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: maestru, maestre
** Old Spanish: maesse
*** Spanish: maese, maeso, maestro

##### Borrowings

From Vulgar Latin *maester:
* → Albanian: mjeshtër, mjesht
* → Proto-Brythonic:
** Middle Breton: maestr
*** Breton: mestr
** Cornish: mester
** Welsh: meistr
* → Koine Greek: μαγίστωρ (magístōr), μάγιστρος (mágistros)
** Byzantine Greek: μαΐστωρ (maḯstōr), μάστορας (mástoras)
*** Greek: μάστορας (mástoras)
* → Proto-West Germanic: *maistar (see there for further descendants)
From magister:
* → Belarusian: магістр (mahistr)
* → Bulgarian: магистър (magistǎr)
* → Crimean Tatar: magistr
* → Czech: magistr
* → English: magister
* → Estonian: magister
* → Finnish: magisteri
* → French: magister
* → Old High German: magister
** → Middle High German: magister
*** → German: Magister
* → Italian: magister
* → Old English: mæġester, magister, māġister, mæġster, mǣster
** Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
*** English: master (see there for further descendants)
*** English: mister (see there for further descendants)
*** Scots: maister
* → Old Irish: magister
** Irish: máistir
** Manx: mainshtyr
** Scottish Gaelic: maighstir
* → Lithuanian: magistras
* → Piedmontese: magìster
* → Polish: magister
* → Portuguese: magíster
* → Romanian: magistru
* → Romansch: magister
* → Russian: маги́стр (magístr)
* → Serbo-Croatian: magistar / магистар
* → Spanish: magíster
* → Swedish: magister
** → Finnish: maisteri
* → Ukrainian: магістр (mahistr)

### References

* “magister”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “magister”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* magister in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to receive instruction from some one: disciplina alicuius uti, magistro aliquo uti a teacher of rhetoric: rhetor, dicendi magister a dictator appoints a magister equitum: dictator dicit (legit) magistrum equitum
* “magister”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* magister in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “magister”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin magister.

### Noun

magister m (definite singular magisteren, indefinite plural magistere or magistre or magistrer, definite plural magisterne or magistrene)
* The possessor of the academic degree of magister, a historical equivalent of the doctorate (1479–1845 and 1921–2003)

### References

* “magister” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin magister.

### Noun

magister m (definite singular magisteren, indefinite plural magistrar, definite plural magistrane)
* The possessor of the academic degree of magister, a historical equivalent of the doctorate (1479–1845 and 1921–2003)

### References

* “magister” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Noun

māgister m
* Alternative form of mǣġester

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin magister.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaɣʲisʲtʲer/

### Noun

magister m (genitive magistir, nominative plural magistir)
* master, teacher
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 7$^d$10
    Do·adbadar sund trá causa pro qua scripta est æpistola .i. irbága ro·bátar leosom eter desciplu et debe; óentu immurgu eter a magistru.Here, then is shown the reason for which the epistle was written, i.e. they had had contentions and disagreements between the disciples; unity, however, among their masters.

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: máistir
* Manx: mainshtyr
* Scottish Gaelic: maighstir

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “maigister, maigistir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, majster, metr, and mistrz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈɡis.tɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -istɛr
* Syllabification: ma‧gis‧ter

### Noun

magister m pers (abbreviation mgr)
* magister (possessor of a master's degree)
* master's degree (postgraduate degree)
    Synonyms: magisterium, magisterka

#### Declension
### Noun

magister f (indeclinable, abbreviation mgr)
* female equivalent of magister (“possessor of a master's degree”)

### Related terms

* magisterski
* magisterium
* magisterka
* magistrant
* magistrantka

### See also

* licencjat
* doktorant
* doktor

### Further reading

* magister in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* magister in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romansch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin magister.

### Noun

magister m (plural magisters)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) male teacher

#### Synonyms

* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) scolast
* (Sutsilvan) surmester

#### Coordinate terms

* (in terms of gender): magistra

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin magister.

### Noun

magister c
* (somewhat dated) a (title for a) male teacher
    Synonym: (slang) maje
    Magistern! Jag behöver hjälp!Teacher! I need help!
* a magister (holder of a master's degree)

#### Descendants

* → Finnish: maisteri

#### See also

* fröken

### References

* magister in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* magister in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* magister in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)