# 潛

| 潛 | U+6F5B, &#28507; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F5B |
| ← 潚 [U+6F5A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 潜 → [U+6F5C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

潛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水一山日 (EMUA), four-corner 3416$_1$, composition ⿰氵朁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18240
* Dae Jaweon: page 1059, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1740, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6F5B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 潛 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 簪 | *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm |
| 撍 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum |
| 鐕 | *ʔsluːm |
| 憯 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ |
| 噆 | *sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb |
| 朁 | *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam |
| 蠶 | *zluːm |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
| 糣 | *sluːmʔ |
| 熸 | *ʔslom |
| 鬵 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 灊 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 潛 | *zlom, *zloms |
| 僭 | *ʔslɯːms |
| 兓 | *sl'ɯm |
| 嶜 | *zlum |
| 兂 | *ʔsrɯm |
| 譖 | *ʔsrums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlom, *zloms): semantic 水 + phonetic 朁 (OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qián, qiǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ, ㄑㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cim$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siàm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiam$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cièng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qián
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$
*** Yale: chyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^3$
*** Yale: chyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cim$^4$
*** Yale: chìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯am¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /siam¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cièng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâm
*** Tâi-lô: tsiâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâm
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiam⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zhi
*** MiniDict: zhi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$xxi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzjem, dzjemH
Rime :
| Character | 潛 | 潛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 昨鹽切 | 慈豔切 |
| Baxter | dzjem | dzjemH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziᴇm/ | /d͡ziᴇm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziɛm/ | /d͡ziɛm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjæm/ | /d͡zjæm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ziam/ | /d͡ziam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziɛm/ | /d͡ziɛm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭɛm/ | /d͡zĭɛm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ɛm/ | /d͡zʱi̯ɛm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qián | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cim$^4$ | zim$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz][o]m/, /*[dz][o]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlom/, /*zloms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 潛 | 潛 | 潛 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qián | qián | qián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzjem › | ‹ dzjem › | ‹ dzjem$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz][o]m/ | /*[dz][o]m/ | /*[dz][o]m-s/ |
| English | go under water | 驩潛 Khwārazm (region in Central Asia, W. Hàn) | to hide; secretly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 潛 | 潛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6709 | 6710 |
| Phonetic component | 兓 | 兓 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 潛 | 潛 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlom/ | /*zloms/ |

### Definitions

潛
* to go under water; to move under water
* to hide; to conceal
* to live in seclusion
* to make a concentrated effort
* hidden; secret
* latent
* secretly; stealthily
* a surname

### Compounds

* 匿跡潛形 / 匿迹潜形
* 反潛 / 反潜
* 戢鱗潛翼 / 戢鳞潜翼
* 捲款潛逃 / 卷款潜逃
* 核潛艇 / 核潜艇 (héqiántǐng)
* 核能潛艇 / 核能潜艇
* 沉潛剛克 / 沉潜刚克
* 浮潛 / 浮潜 (fúqián)
* 潛伏 / 潜伏 (qiánfú)
* 潛伏分子 / 潜伏分子
* 潛伏感染 / 潜伏感染
* 潛伏期 / 潜伏期 (qiánfúqī)
* 潛修 / 潜修
* 潛入 / 潜入 (qiánrù)
* 潛力 / 潜力 (qiánlì)
* 潛勢 / 潜势
* 潛包禍謀 / 潜包祸谋
* 潛匿 / 潜匿
* 潛圖問鼎 / 潜图问鼎
* 潛在 / 潜在 (qiánzài)
* 潛在危機 / 潜在危机
* 潛夫論 / 潜夫论
* 潛居 / 潜居
* 潛山隱市 / 潜山隐市
* 潛師 / 潜师
* 潛形 / 潜形
* 潛形匿跡 / 潜形匿迹
* 潛影 / 潜影 (qiányǐng)
* 潛德 / 潜德
* 潛心 / 潜心 (qiánxīn)
* 潛意識 / 潜意识
* 潛望鏡 / 潜望镜 (qiánwàngjìng)
* 潛步 / 潜步 (qiánbù)
* 潛水 / 潜水 (qiánshuǐ)
* 潛水刀 / 潜水刀
* 潛水員 / 潜水员 (qiánshuǐyuán)
* 潛水炸彈 / 潜水炸弹
* 潛水病 / 潜水病
* 潛水肺 / 潜水肺
* 潛水艇 / 潜水艇 (qiánshuǐtǐng)
* 潛水衣 / 潜水衣 (qiánshuǐyī)
* 潛水鐘 / 潜水钟
* 潛江 / 潜江 (Qiánjiāng)
* 潛泳 / 潜泳 (qiányǒng)
* 潛流 / 潜流 (qiánliú)
* 潛潛等等 / 潜潜等等
* 潛灌 / 潜灌
* 潛熱 / 潜热 (qiánrè)
* 潛盤 / 潜盘
* 潛盾工法 / 潜盾工法
* 潛神默思 / 潜神默思
* 潛神默記 / 潜神默记
* 潛移 / 潜移 (qiányí)
* 潛移暗化 / 潜移暗化
* 潛移陰奪 / 潜移阴夺
* 潛移默化 / 潜移默化 (qiányímòhuà)
* 潛移默奪 / 潜移默夺
* 潛移默運 / 潜移默运
* 潛聽 / 潜听
* 潛能 / 潜能 (qiánnéng)
* 潛艇 / 潜艇 (qiántǐng)
* 潛藏 / 潜藏 (qiáncáng)
* 潛虛 / 潜虚
* 潛蛟困鳳 / 潜蛟困凤
* 潛行 / 潜行 (qiánxíng)
* 潛蹤 / 潜踪 (qiánzōng)
* 潛蹤隱跡 / 潜踪隐迹
* 潛身 / 潜身
* 潛身遠禍 / 潜身远祸
* 潛身遠跡 / 潜身远迹
* 潛身遠遁 / 潜身远遁
* 潛躲 / 潜躲 (qiánduǒ)
* 潛逃 / 潜逃 (qiántáo)
* 潛道 / 潜道
* 潛避 / 潜避 (qiánbì)
* 潛邸 / 潜邸
* 潛骸竄影 / 潜骸窜影
* 潛鴨 / 潜鸭 (qiányā)
* 潛龍 / 潜龙
* 潛龍伏虎 / 潜龙伏虎
* 潛龍勿用 / 潜龙勿用
* 狐潛鼠伏 / 狐潜鼠伏
* 生物潛能 / 生物潜能
* 畏罪潛逃 / 畏罪潜逃
* 發展潛力 / 发展潜力
* 白髮郎潛 / 白发郎潜
* 等等潛潛 / 等等潜潜
* 躡足潛蹤 / 蹑足潜踪
* 遁跡潛形 / 遁迹潜形
* 遠引深潛 / 远引深潜
* 郎潛白髮 / 郎潜白发
* 陶潛三徑 / 陶潜三径
* 陶潛五柳 / 陶潜五柳
* 飛潛 / 飞潜
* 飛潛動植 / 飞潜动植
* 驅潛艦 / 驱潜舰
* 龍潛 / 龙潜 (lóngqián)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 潜 |
| Kyūjitai | 潛 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 潜)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kun: かくれる (kakureru, 潛れる)、くぐる (kuguru, 潛る)、ひそむ (hisomu, 潛む)、ひそめる (hisomeru, 潛める)、もぐる (moguru, 潛る)
* Nanori: すみ (sumi)

## Korean
### Hanja

潛 (eumhun 무자맥질할 잠 (mujamaekjilhal jam))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

潛: Hán Việt readings: tiềm
潛: Nôm readings: tiềm, tèm, tỉm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.