# 建築
## Chinese

* 建築 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 建築 (Cantonese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiànzhù, jiànzhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ, ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^3$ zuk$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kien-chuk / kian-chuk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gian$^4$ zug$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gióng-dé̤ṳk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-tiok / kiàn-tio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giêng$^6$ dog$^4$ / giang$^6$ dog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci-tsoq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiànzhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiànjhù
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$-chu$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn-jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannjuh
*** Palladius: цзяньчжу (czjanʹčžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiànzhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiànjhú
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$-chu$^2$
*** Yale: jyàn-jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannjwu
*** Palladius: цзяньчжу (czjanʹčžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$建築 / 建筑 箭竹
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^3$ zuk$^1$
*** Yale: gin jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^3$ dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^3$ zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-chuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien zug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$ zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ t͡suk̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian-chuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gian zug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$ zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵ t͡suk̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gian$^4$ zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kian⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng-dé̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(t-)}$nøyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-tiok
*** Tâi-lô: kiàn-tiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kierndiog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Penang): /kiɛn²¹⁻³³ tiɔk̚³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴² tiɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-tio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kiàn-tio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kierndiok
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giêng$^6$ dog$^4$ / giang$^6$ dog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiĕng tok / kiăng tok
*** Sinological IPA : /kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tok̚²/, /kiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tok̚²/
* giêng6 dog4 - Chaozhou;
* giang6 dog4 - Shantou.

### Verb

建築
* (literally or figuratively, transitive) to build; to construct; to erect (buildings and structures)
    建築高樓／建筑高楼 ― jiànzhù gāolóu ― to erect tall buildings

#### Synonyms

* 修建 (xiūjiàn)
* 修築 / 修筑 (xiūzhù)
* 塑建 (sùjiàn)
* 建構 / 建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
* 建設 / 建设 (jiànshè)
* 建造 (jiànzào)
* 搭 (Hokkien)
* 搭建 (dājiàn)
* 搭蓋 / 搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
* 搭設 / 搭设 (dāshè)
* 架構 / 架构 (jiàgòu)
* 構作 / 构作 (gòuzuò)
* 構建 / 构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
* 構築 / 构筑 (gòuzhù)
* 構造 / 构造 (gòuzào)
* 營造 / 营造 (yíngzào)
* 版築 / 版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
* 築 / 筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 築造 / 筑造 (zhùzào)
* 興修 / 兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
* 興建 / 兴建 (xīngjiàn)
* 興築 / 兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
* 起立 (qǐlì)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 建 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蓋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蓋, 起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 修, 起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 起, 修 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蓋, 造 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蓋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 做 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 起, 整 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 起, 做 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 做 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 起, 搭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 起 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 起 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 起 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 做 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 起 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 起, 做 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 做 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 起 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 起 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 起 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 起 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 起 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 起 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蓋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蓋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 開 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 起 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 起 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 起 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 作 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 作 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 起 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 造 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 造, 起 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 造 |
| Wu | Danyang | 砌 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 造 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 起 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 起 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 起 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 起 |

### Noun

建築
* (countable) building; structure; edifice (Classifier: 座; 棟／栋)
       yī zuò hěn gǔlǎo de jiànzhù [Pinyin]
       an ancient building
       Àifēi'ěr Tiětǎ shì Bālí de biāozhìxìng jiànzhù. [Pinyin]
       The Eiffel Tower is Paris's landmark structure.
       Zhè jiànzhù kàn shàngqù yǒuxiē niántóu le. [Pinyin]
       This building looks old.
* (uncountable) construction; building
    建築工人／建筑工人 ― jiànzhù gōngrén ― construction worker
    建築許可證／建筑许可证 ― jiànzhù xǔkězhèng ― construction permit
    建築技術／建筑技术 ― jiànzhù jìshù ― construction technology
* (countable, uncountable) architecture (Classifier: 座)
    佛教建築／佛教建筑 ― fójiào jiànzhù ― Buddhist architecture
    古代建築／古代建筑 ― gǔdài jiànzhù ― ancient architecture
    綠色建築／绿色建筑 ― lǜsè jiànzhù ― eco-friendly architecture
* (countable, figurative) structure; construction
    上層建築／上层建筑 ― shàngcéng jiànzhù ― superstructure

#### Synonyms

* (countable, building): 建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù), 房子 (fángzi)
* (structure):
* 佈局 / 布局 (bùjú)
* 架構 / 架构 (jiàgòu)
* 框架 (kuàngjià)
* 構成 / 构成 (gòuchéng)
* 構架 / 构架 (gòujià)
* 構造 / 构造 (gòuzào)
* 組成 / 组成 (zǔchéng)
* 結構 / 结构 (jiégòu)
* 骨 (figurative)
* 骨架 (gǔjià) (figurative)

### Derived terms

* 上層建築 / 上层建筑 (shàngcéng jiànzhù)
* 古建築 / 古建筑 (gǔjiànzhù)
* 建材 (jiàncái)
* 建築學 / 建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
* 建築工 / 建筑工 (jiànzhùgōng)
* 建築工地 / 建筑工地 (jiànzhù gōngdì)
* 建築師 / 建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
* 建築材料 / 建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
* 建築業 / 建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
* 建築物 / 建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
* 建築群 / 建筑群 (jiànzhùqún)
* 建築面積 / 建筑面积 (jiànzhù miànjī)
* 生態建築 / 生态建筑 (shēngtài jiànzhù)
* 綠色建築 / 绿色建筑 (lǜsè jiànzhù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 建 | 築 |
| けん Grade: 4 | ちく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんちく [kèńchíkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟]

### Noun

建(けん)築(ちく) • (kenchiku)
* architecture

#### Derived terms

* 建(けん)築(ちく)家(か) (kenchikuka)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)学(がく) (kenchikugaku)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)確(かく)認(にん) (kenchikukakunin)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)協(きょう)定(てい) (kenchikukyōtei)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)許(きょ)可(か) (kenchikukyoka)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)士(し) (kenchikushi)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)主(しゅ)事(じ) (kenchikushuji)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)施(せ)工(こう)管(かん)理(り)技(ぎ)士(し) (kenchikusekōkanrigishi)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)設(せつ)備(び)士(し) (kenchikusetsubishi)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)物(ぶつ) (kenchikubutsu)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)面(めん)積(せき) (kenchikumenseki)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)材(ざい) (kenchikuzai)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)業(ぎょう) (kenchikugyō)
* 建(けん)築(ちく)物(ぶつ) (kenchikubutsu)

### Verb

建(けん)築(ちく)する • (kenchiku suru) suru (stem 建(けん)築(ちく)し (kenchiku shi), past 建(けん)築(ちく)した (kenchiku shita))
* to build; to construct

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 建築し | けんちくし | kenchiku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 建築し | けんちくし | kenchiku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 建築する | けんちくする | kenchiku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 建築する | けんちくする | kenchiku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 建築すれ | けんちくすれ | kenchiku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 建築せよ¹ 建築しろ² | けんちくせよ¹ けんちくしろ² | kenchiku seyo¹ kenchiku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 建築される | けんちくされる | kenchiku sareru |
| Causative | 建築させる 建築さす | けんちくさせる けんちくさす | kenchiku saseru kenchiku sasu |
| Potential | 建築できる | けんちくできる | kenchiku dekiru |
| Volitional | 建築しよう | けんちくしよう | kenchiku shiyō |
| Negative | 建築しない | けんちくしない | kenchiku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 建築せず | けんちくせず | kenchiku sezu |
| Formal | 建築します | けんちくします | kenchiku shimasu |
| Perfective | 建築した | けんちくした | kenchiku shita |
| Conjunctive | 建築して | けんちくして | kenchiku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 建築すれば | けんちくすれば | kenchiku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 建 | 築 |

### Noun

建築 • (geonchuk or McCune-Reischauer: kŏnch'uk or Yale: kenchwuk) (hangeul 건축)
* hanja form of 건축 (“architecture”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 建 | 築 |

### Noun

建築
* chữ Hán form of kiến trúc (“architecture”).