OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# junker
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Junker, from Middle High German juncherre (“young lord; not yet knighted nobleman”). Compare younker.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjʊŋkə(ɹ)/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

junker (plural junkers)
* A young German noble or squire, especially a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia, stereotyped with narrow-minded militaristic and authoritarian attitudes.
** 1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:Professors of philosophy and science carrying high the patriotic banner of Kultur and culture gloried in the system of compulsory, universal, military service, first made in Germany exulted in the degrading, vicious process of training by which the individual is hypnotized into submission to a brutal organization of military junkers, hallowed by the name of state and Fatherland, it was the darkest period in the history of mankind.
** 1921 October, Maxwell H. H. Macartney, “An Ex-Enemy in Berlin to-Day”, in The Atlantic‎:The dice are, however, weighted against them, so long as the present generation of Junkers and officials survives.

##### Alternative forms

* Junker

##### Derived terms

* junkerdom
* junkerish
* junkerism

#### References

* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “junker”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “junker”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Etymology 2

From junk +‎ -er (relational noun suffix) or +‎ -er (occupational suffix).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkə(ɹ)/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌŋkə(ɹ)

#### Noun

junker (plural junkers)
* (informal, US, Canada, derogatory) A beat-up automobile.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:old car
* A person with an interest in disused or discarded objects.
** 1968, Ruth Stearns Egge, How to Make Something from Nothing:An ardent junker herself, Mrs. Egge tells how to conduct a fascinating junk safari into the attic or antique and secondhand shops and what to do with the trophies you bring home.
* (slang) Synonym of junkie (“drug addict”)

#### References

* (drug addict): Tony Thorne (2014) “junker”, in Dictionary of Contemporary Slang, 4th edition, London, […]: Bloomsbury

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From the gas heating company "Junkers".

### Noun

junker m (plural junkers)
* a gas water heater device (usually attached to a wall)
# մարտական
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian մարտական (martakan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /mɑɾtɑˈkɑn/, [mɑɾtɑkɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /mɑɾdɑˈɡɑn/, [mɑɾdɑɡɑ́n]

### Adjective

մարտական • (martakan) (superlative ամենամարտական)
* combat, battle, fighting
* (figurative) militant, bellicose, belligerent, active

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From մարտ (mart) +‎ -ական (-akan).

### Noun

մարտական • (martakan)
* warrior, combatant, fighter

#### Declension
### Adjective

մարտական • (martakan)
* of or related to war, battle or fighting

#### Declension
### Descendants

* Armenian: մարտական (martakan)

### References

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “մարտական”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “մարտական”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# խուսափել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian խուսափեմ (xusapʻem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /χusɑˈpʰel/, [χusɑpʰél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /χusɑˈpel/, [χusɑpʰél]

### Verb

խուսափել • (xusapʻel) (+ ablative case)
* to avoid, evade, dodge

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated
# նշանել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian նշանեմ (nšanem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /nəʃɑˈnel/, [nəʃɑnél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /nəʃɑˈnel/, [nəʃɑnél]

### Verb

նշանել • (nšanel)
* (transitive) to engage, betroth
* (transitive, rare) to mark

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

## Old Armenian
### Verb

նշանել • (nšanel)
* infinitive of նշանեմ (nšanem)
# քրքրել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian քրքրեմ (kʻrkʻrem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰəɾkʰəˈɾel/, [kʰəɾkʰəɾél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kəɾkəˈɾel/, [kʰəɾkʰəɾél]

### Verb

քրքրել • (kʻrkʻrel)
* (transitive) to stir, turn upside down, rake, rummage
* (transitive) to wear out, use up, fray

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated
# փոքրացնել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian փոքրացուցանեմ (pʻokʻracʻucʻanem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pʰokʰɾɑt͡sʰˈnel/, [pʰokʰɾɑt͡sʰnél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /pokɾɑt͡səˈnel/, [pʰokʰɾɑt͡sʰənél]

### Verb

փոքրացնել • (pʻokʻracʻnel)
* causative of փոքրանալ (pʻokʻranal)
** (transitive) to make smaller, diminish, downsize, reduce, minimize, shorten

#### Inflection

*colloquial
*colloquial
# ստուգաբան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ստուգաբան (stugaban).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /stuɡɑˈbɑn/, [stuɡɑbɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /sdukɑˈpɑn/, [stukʰɑpʰɑ́n]

### Noun

ստուգաբան • (stugaban)
* etymologist

#### Related terms

* ստուգաբանություն (stugabanutʻyun)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

ստոյգ (stoyg) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ բան (ban)

### Adjective

ստուգաբան • (stugaban)
* truthful, veracious (telling the truth)
    Synonyms: ճշմարտախօս (čšmartaxōs), ստուգախօս (stugaxōs)
* true, real, veritable
    Synonyms: ստոյգ (stoyg), ճշգրիտ (čšgrit), հաւաստի (hawasti)

#### Derived terms

* ստուգաբանութիւն (stugabanutʻiwn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ստուգաբան (stugaban)

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ստուգաբան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837) “ստուգաբան”, in Baṙgirkʻ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2006) “ստուգաբան”, in Grabari homanišneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian Synonyms], Yerevan: University Press
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2000) “ստուգաբան”, in G. B. Tʻosunean, editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ստուգաբան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# վեցանկյուն
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* վեցանկիւն (vecʻankiwn) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian վեցանկիւն (vecʻankiwn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /vet͡sʰɑnˈkjun/, [vet͡sʰɑŋkjún]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /vet͡sɑnˈɡʏn/, [vet͡sʰɑŋɡʏ́n]

### Noun

վեցանկյուն • (vecʻankyun)
* hexagon

#### Related terms

* վեց (vecʻ)
* անկյուն (ankyun)
# հորթուկ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian որթուկ (ortʻuk). By surface analysis, հորթ (hortʻ) +‎ -ուկ (-uk).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hoɾˈtʰuk/, [hoɾtʰúk]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hoɾˈtuɡ/, [hoɾtʰúɡ]

### Noun

հորթուկ • (hortʻuk)
* diminutive of հորթ (hortʻ)
** ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 34:հորթուկ․ վիթէլլօhortʻuk; vitʻēllōհորթուկ (hortʻuk) = vitello

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orengo, Alessandro (2019) “Il ԲԱՌ ԳԻՐԳ ՏԱԼԻԱՆԻ Un dizionario armeno-italiano del XVII secolo”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, page 230
# լուծում
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian լուծումն (lucumn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /luˈt͡sum/, [lut͡súm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /luˈd͡zum/, [lud͡zúm]

### Noun

լուծում • (lucum)
* solution (an act, plan or other means, used or proposed, to solve a problem)
* solution, answer (to a mathematical problem)

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used
# անակնկալ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian անակնկալ (anaknkal).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑnɑkənˈkɑl/, [ɑnɑkəŋkɑ́l]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑnɑɡənˈɡɑl/, [ɑnɑɡəŋɡɑ́l]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Adjective

անակնկալ • (anaknkal) (superlative ամենաանակնկալ)
* unexpected, unforeseen, sudden

#### Declension
### Noun

անակնկալ • (anaknkal)
* surprise
    Synonym: սյուրպրիզ (syurpriz)

#### Declension
### Related terms

* ակնկալել (aknkalel)
# լյուն
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian լիւն (liwn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ljun/, [ljun]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /lʏn/, [lʏn]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

լյուն • (lyun) (traditional orthography spelling լիւն)
* the name of the Armenian letter լ (l)

#### Usage notes

Eastern Armenians in Armenia prefer calling this letter simply [lə], probably under the influence of Russian, which has no elaborate names for its letters.
# հո
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian հո (ho).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ho/, [ho]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ho/, [ho]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

հո • (ho)
* the name of the Armenian letter հ (h)

#### Usage notes

Eastern Armenians in Armenia prefer calling this letter simply [hə], probably under the influence of Russian, which has no elaborate names for its letters.

#### Declension
### Interjection

հո • (ho)
* (rhetorical questions) right?, isn't it so?
    Հո դու հիմար չես ― Ho du himar čʻes ― You're not a moron, are you
# ճե
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ճէ (čē).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃe/, [t͡ʃe]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /d͡ʒe/, [d͡ʒe]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ճե • (če) (traditional orthography spelling ճէ)
* the name of the Armenian letter ճ (č)

#### Usage notes

Eastern Armenians in Armenia prefer calling this letter simply [t͡ʃə], probably under the influence of Russian, which has no elaborate names for its letters.
# թաղում
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian թաղումն (tʻałumn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tʰɑˈʁum/, [tʰɑʁúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /tɑˈʁum/, [tʰɑʁúm]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

թաղում • (tʻaġum)
* burial
* funeral

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used
# չորքոտանի
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian չորքոտանի (čʻorkʻotani).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃʰoɾkʰotɑˈni/, [t͡ʃʰoɾkʰotɑní]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃoɾkodɑˈni/, [t͡ʃʰoɾkʰodɑní]

### Adjective

չորքոտանի • (čʻorkʻotani)
* four-legged

#### Declension
### Noun

չորքոտանի • (čʻorkʻotani)
* quadruped
# կիսագունդ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կիսագունդ (kisagund).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kisɑˈɡund/, [kisɑɡúnd]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡisɑˈkunt/, [ɡisɑkʰúntʰ]

### Noun

կիսագունդ • (kisagund)
* hemisphere
* (anatomy) cerebral hemisphere

#### Related terms

* կես (kes)
* գունդ (gund)
# դահիճ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian դահիճ (dahič).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /dɑˈhit͡ʃ/, [dɑhít͡ʃ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /tɑˈhid͡ʒ/, [tʰɑhíd͡ʒ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

դահիճ • (dahič)
* executioner, hangman
* (figuratively) butcher, tormentor, slaughterer

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed Middle Persian 𐭣𐭧𐭩𐭰 (dḥyc /⁠dahīč⁠/). Related to Classical Syriac ܕܚܫܐ (daḥšā), also from Iranian. In view of Aramaic [script needed] (dḥšpṭˀ, “an epithet of Nergal (=chief judge or the like)”), Old Armenian դահճապետ (dahčapet, “chief guard, executioner”) is probably wholly borrowed from Iranian, rather than formed within Armenian with պետ (pet).

### Noun

դահիճ • (dahič)
* executioner
* (figuratively) tormentor

#### Related terms

* դահճապետ (dahčapet)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: դահիճ (dahič)

### References

* ↑ “dḥšpṭˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “դահիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 615ab
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “դահիճ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 150
* Gignoux, Philippe (1972) “dḥyc”, in Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes [Glossary of Pahlavi and Parthians Inscriptions] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Supplementary Series; 1) (in French), London: Lund Humphries, page 21b
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 133
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “դահիճ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# նորածին
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian նորածին (noracin).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /noɾɑˈt͡sin/, [noɾɑt͡sín]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /noɾɑˈd͡zin/, [noɾɑd͡zín]

### Adjective

նորածին • (noracin)
* newborn

#### Declension
### Noun

նորածին • (noracin)
* newborn child
# խոնավանալ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* խոնաւանալ (xonawanal) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian խոնաւանամ (xonawanam).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /χonɑvɑˈnɑl/, [χonɑvɑnɑ́l]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /χonɑvɑˈnɑl/, [χonɑvɑnɑ́l]

### Verb

խոնավանալ • (xonavanal)
* (intransitive) to grow humid, damp, moist

#### Inflection

*colloquial
*colloquial
# տուգանք
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian տուգանք (tugankʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tuˈɡɑnkʰ/, [tuɡɑ́ŋkʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /duˈkɑnk/, [dukʰɑ́ŋkʰ]

### Noun

տուգանք • (tugankʻ)
* fine, penalty
# neonatal
## English
### Alternative forms

* neo-natal

### Etymology

From neo- +‎ natal.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

neonatal (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn.
    The baby was placed in the neonatal intensive care unit.

#### Derived terms

* neonatal abstinence syndrome
* neonatal milk
* nonneonatal

#### Related terms

* antenatal
* natal
* perinatal
* postnatal
* prenatal

#### Translations
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˌne.u.nəˈtal]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˌne.o.nəˈtal]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˌne.o.naˈtal]
* Rhymes: -al

### Adjective

neonatal m or f (masculine and feminine plural neonatals)
* neonatal

#### Derived terms

* neonatalogia

#### See also

* nounat

### Further reading

* “neonatal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “neonatal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /nəoˈnatal/ [nə.oˈna.t̪al]
* Rhymes: -atal
* Syllabification: ne‧o‧na‧tal

### Adjective

neonatal
* neonatal

#### Related terms

* natal
* neonatus

### Further reading

* “neonatal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From neo- +‎ natal.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌnɛ.o.naˈtaw/ [ˌnɛ.o.naˈtaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌnɛ.ɔ.nɐˈtal/ [ˌnɛ.ɔ.nɐˈtaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌnɛ.ɔ.nɐˈtal/ [ˌnɛ.ɔ.nɐˈtaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˌnɛ.ɔ.nɐˈta.li/
* Hyphenation: ne‧o‧na‧tal

### Adjective

neonatal m or f (plural neonatais)
* neonatal

### Further reading

* “neonatal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From neo- +‎ natal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neonaˈtal/ [ne.o.naˈt̪al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ne‧o‧na‧tal

### Adjective

neonatal m or f (masculine and feminine plural neonatales)
* neonatal

#### Related terms

* antenatal
* nacer (see for more related terms)
* natal
* nato (see for more related terms)
* neonato
* postnatal
* prenatal

### Further reading

* “neonatal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Adjective

neonatal (not comparable)
* neonatal

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* neonatalavdelning
* neonatalvård

#### Related terms

* neonatologi

### References

* neonatal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* neonatal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
# մասնակցել
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* մասնակցիլ (masnakcʻil) — Western Armenian

### Etymology

From Old Armenian մասնակցեմ (masnakcʻem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /mɑsnɑkˈt͡sʰel/, [mɑsnɑkt͡sʰél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /mɑsnɑkˈt͡sel/, [mɑsnɑkʰt͡sʰél]

### Verb

մասնակցել • (masnakcʻel)
* to participate

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated
# շփում
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian շփումն (špʻumn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʃəˈpʰum/, [ʃəpʰúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʃəˈpum/, [ʃəpʰúm]

### Noun

շփում • (špʻum)
* rubbing
* friction
* contact, communication, mixing (with)

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used
# օժտել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian օժտեմ (ōžtem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /oʒˈtel/, [oʒtél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /oʒˈdel/, [oʒdél]

### Verb

օժտել • (ōžtel)
* to endow
* to equip

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated
# կապան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կապան (kapan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kɑˈpɑn/, [kɑpɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑˈbɑn/, [ɡɑbɑ́n]

### Noun

կապան • (kapan)
* mountain pass, gorge

#### Derived terms

* Կապան (Kapan)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From կապեմ (kapem, “to tie”) +‎ -ան (-an). Probably an Iranian calque: compare Persian دربند (darband, “mountain pass”) beside بند (band, “tie”).

### Noun

կապան • (kapan)
* mountain pass, gorge

#### Descendants

* Armenian: կապան (kapan)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “կապ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կապան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կապան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# պարուրել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian պարուրեմ (parurem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑɾuˈɾel/, [pɑɾuɾél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑɾuˈɾel/, [bɑɾuɾél]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Verb

պարուրել • (parurel)
* (transitive) to envelop, wrap, shroud

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

## Old Armenian
### Verb

պարուրել • (parurel)
* infinitive of պարուրեմ (parurem)
# հրահան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian հրահան (hrahan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /həɾɑˈhɑn/, [həɾɑhɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /həɾɑˈhɑn/, [həɾɑhɑ́n]

### Noun

հրահան • (hrahan)
* firestriker (piece of steel used for striking a spark)
    Synonym: (dialectal) չախմախ (čʻaxmax)

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From հուր (hur) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ հանեմ (hanem). Calque of Ancient Greek πυροβόλος (purobólos).

### Adjective

հրահան • (hrahan)
* fire-striking
** 5th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Baroyaxōs [Physiologus] Earliest recension (TR).4.1–2:Զի են եւ քարինք ինչ հրահանաց արու եւ էգ․ մինչեւ բացեայ ի միմեանց են, չհարկանի ուրէք հրդեհ. ապա թէ մաւտիցի արուն յէգն, հուր բորբոքի եւ այրէ զվայրս բազումս։Zi en ew kʻarinkʻ inčʻ hrahanacʻ aru ew ēg; minčʻew bacʻeay i mimeancʻ en, čʻharkani urēkʻ hrdeh. apa tʻē mawticʻi arun yēgn, hur borbokʻi ew ayrē zvayrs bazums.Translation by Gohar MuradyanThere exist certain fire-striking stones, male and female. As long as they are separate from one another, nowhere fire is lit, but if the male approaches the female, it sets fire and burns many places.

#### Usage notes

In the Physiologus, translates Ancient Greek πυροβόλος (purobólos).

#### Descendants

* Armenian: հրահան (hrahan)

### References

* ↑ Muradyan, Gohar (2005) Physiologus: The Greek and Armenian Versions with a Study of Translation Technique (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 6)‎, Leuven – Paris – Dudley: Peeters, pages 61, 93, 143

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “հրահան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “հրահան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# հատում
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian հատումն (hatumn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hɑˈtum/, [hɑtúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hɑˈdum/, [hɑdúm]

### Noun

հատում • (hatum)
* cutting
* crossing, interception, intersection

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used

#### Related terms

* հատել (hatel)
# չարչարանք
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian չարչարանք (čʻarčʻarankʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃʰɑɾt͡ʃʰɑˈɾɑnkʰ/, [t͡ʃʰɑɾt͡ʃʰɑɾɑ́ŋkʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃɑɾt͡ʃɑˈɾɑnk/, [t͡ʃʰɑɾt͡ʃʰɑɾɑ́ŋkʰ]

### Noun

չարչարանք • (čʻarčʻarankʻ)
* torment, torture
* suffering, pain
# վարձկան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian վարձկան (varjkan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /vɑɾt͡sʰˈkɑn/, [vɑɾt͡sʰkɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /vɑɾt͡sˈɡɑn/, [vɑɾt͡sʰkɑ́n]

### Noun

վարձկան • (varjkan)
* mercenary
# շնորհավորել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian շնորհաւորեմ (šnorhaworem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʃnoɾɑvoˈɾel/, [ʃnoɾɑvoɾél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʃnoɾɑvoˈɾel/, [ʃnoɾɑvoɾél]

### Verb

շնորհավորել • (šnorhavorel)
* (transitive) to congratulate

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

#### Alternative forms

* շնորհաւորել (šnorhaworel) — traditional orthography

#### Derived terms

* շնորհավորական (šnorhavorakan)

#### Related terms

* շնորհավոր (šnorhavor)
# վախեցնել
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* վախացնել (vaxacʻnel) — colloquial
* վախցնել (vaxcʻnel) — Western Armenian

### Etymology

From Old Armenian վախեցուցանեմ (vaxecʻucʻanem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /vɑχet͡sʰˈnel/, [vɑχet͡sʰnél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /vɑχet͡səˈnel/, [vɑχet͡sʰənél]

### Verb

վախեցնել • (vaxecʻnel)
* causative of վախել (vaxel)
* causative of վախենալ (vaxenal)
* (transitive) to scare, frighten, intimidate

#### Inflection

*colloquial
*colloquial
# բոլորակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian բոլորակ (bolorak).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /boloˈɾɑk/, [boloɾɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /poloˈɾɑɡ/, [pʰoloɾɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Adjective

բոլորակ • (bolorak) (superlative ամենաբոլորակ)
* round

#### Declension
### Noun

բոլորակ • (bolorak)
* circle

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

բոլոր (bolor) +‎ -ակ (-ak)

### Adjective

բոլորակ • (bolorak)
* round

### Noun

բոլորակ • (bolorak)
* circle

#### Descendants

* Armenian: բոլորակ (bolorak)

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “բոլորակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “բոլորակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy