OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# un deg unfed
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* 11fed (abbreviation)

### Adjective

un deg unfed (feminine singular un deg unfed, plural un deg unfed, not comparable)
* (ordinal number) eleventh
    Synonym: unfed ar ddeg

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# krkavice
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech krkavicě. By surface analysis, krkavý +‎ -ice.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkr̩kavɪt͡sɛ]

### Noun

krkavice f
* carotid artery, carotid

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “krkavice”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “krkavice”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “krkavice”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# Leodigario
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /leodiˈɡaɾjo/ [le.o.ð̞iˈɣ̞a.ɾjo]
* Rhymes: -aɾjo
* Syllabification: Le‧o‧di‧ga‧rio

### Proper noun

Leodigario m
* a male given name, variant of Leodegario

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Leodigario.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /leodiˈɡaɾjo/ [lɛ.o.d̪ɪˈɣaɾ.jo], (colloquial) /liodiˈɡaɾjo/ [ljo.d̪ɪˈɣaɾ.jo]
* Rhymes: -aɾjo
* Syllabification: Le‧o‧di‧gar‧io

### Proper noun

Leodigario (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜌᜓᜇᜒᜄᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)
* a male given name

#### Derived terms

* Leody
# Pourmokhtari
## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پورمختاری.

### Proper noun

Pourmokhtari ? (genitive Pourmokhtaris)
* a surname from Persian

### Further reading

* Forebears
# Boža
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈboʒa]

### Proper noun

Boža m anim
* a diminutive of the male given names Bohuslav or Bohumil

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Boža f
* a diminutive of the female given names Božena, Bohuslava, or Bohumila

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Boža”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Boža”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# doclaid
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From to- +‎ claidid.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doˈklaðʲ/

### Verb

do·claid (prototonic ·tochlaid, verbal noun tochailt)
* to root up, dig up
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 102$^a$15
    Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.

#### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 3rd sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | | do·claid; dus·claid (with infixed pronoun s-) | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | |
| Future | Deut. | | | do·cichliter |
| Future | Prot. | | | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | tochailt | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | |

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do-claid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# EME
## English
### Adjective

EME (not comparable)
* (telecommunications) Initialism of Earth–Moon–Earth.
* (linguistics) Initialism of Early Modern English.

#### See also

* moonbounce

### Anagrams

* Mee, eem, mee

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛmɛ]

### Proper noun

EME
* Acronym of Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület (“Transylvanian Museum-Association”): a Hungarian, scientific, and cultural association based in Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, founded in 1859.
# asfaltownią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as.falˈtɔv.ɲɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɲɔw̃
* Syllabification: as‧fal‧tow‧nią

### Noun

asfaltownią
* instrumental singular of asfaltownia
# depatriate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin de- + patria (“one's country”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /diːˈpætɹɪ(j)eɪt/

### Verb

depatriate (third-person singular simple present depatriates, present participle depatriating, simple past and past participle depatriated)
* (transitive, intransitive) To withdraw, or cause to withdraw, from one's country; to banish or expatriate.
** 1782, William Mason, The Dean and the Squire:A subject born in any state / May, if he please, depatriate.

### References

“depatriate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# spasial
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch spatiaal (“spatial”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /spaˈsial/ [spaˈsi.al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: spa‧si‧al

### Adjective

spasial
* spatial

#### Derived terms

* spasial matematis

### Further reading

* “spasial” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Bevo
## English
### Proper noun

Bevo (plural Bevos)
* A diminutive of the unisex given name Beverly/Beverley.
* A nickname, diminutive of Beverley/Beverly (a surname)

#### Related terms

* Bev
* Beverley
* Beverly
# Штрковски
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃtr̩kɔfski]

### Proper noun

Штрковски • (Štrkovski) m (plural Штрковски, feminine Штрковска)
* a surname, Štrkovski or Shtrkovski

#### Related terms

* Штрков m (Štrkov), Штркова f (Štrkova)

### See also

* штрк m (štrk)
* штрка (štrka)
# Mařenka
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmar̝ɛŋka]

### Proper noun

Mařenka f
* a diminutive of the female given names Mařena or Marie

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Mařenka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Mařenka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# kiitoš
## Karelian

Regional variants of kiitoš :
| North Karelian (Viena) | kiitoš |
| South Karelian (Tver) | kiitoš |

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kiit'os, equivalent to kiittyä / kiittiä (“to laud; to praise”) +‎ -oš. Cognates include Finnish kiitos and Estonian kiitus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkiːtoʃ/
* Hyphenation: kii‧toš

### Noun

kiitoš (genitive kiitokšen, partitive kiitošta)
* (North Karelian) gratitude, thanks
* (South Karelian) praise

#### Declension
### References

* P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 56
* A. V. Punzhina (1994) “kiitoš”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
# cegielnią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sɛˈɡjɛl.ɲɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɛlɲɔw̃
* Syllabification: ce‧giel‧nią

### Noun

cegielnią
* instrumental singular of cegielnia
# 大嶺山
## Chinese

* 大嶺山

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dàlǐngshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ ling$^5$ saan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàlǐngshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàlǐngshan
*** Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-ling$^3$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: Dà-lǐng-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahliingshan
*** Palladius: Далиншань (Dalinšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ ling$^5$ saan$^1$
*** Yale: daaih líhng sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ ling$^5$ saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ ling$^5$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² lɪŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

大嶺山
* (～鎮) Dalingshan (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)
# Earnie
## English
### Etymology

From Earnest +‎ -ie.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈɝni/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ni
* Homophones: Ernie, ERNIE, yrneh

### Proper noun

Earnie
* A diminutive of the male given name Earnest.
# Кнорозов
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [knɐˈrozəf]
* IPA: [ˈknorəzəf]
* Rhymes: -ozəf

### Proper noun

Кноро́зов • (Knorózov) m anim (genitive Кноро́зова, nominative plural Кноро́зовы, genitive plural Кноро́зовов)
* a Russian surname, Knorozov, particularly, a Soviet Ukrainian and Russian linguist, epigrapher and ethnographer, who is particularly renowned for the pivotal role his research played in the decipherment of the Maya script

#### Declension

$^1$ Rare.

### See also

* Кнорозов on the Russian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ru}$
* Кнорозов, Юрий Валентинович on the Russian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ru}$
# Albínka
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈalbiːŋka]

### Proper noun

Albínka f
* a diminutive of the female given name Albína

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Albínka”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “Albínka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# Bramble Cay melomys
## English
### Noun

Bramble Cay melomys (plural Bramble Cay melomyses)
* †Melomys rubicola, a recently extinct Australian rodent in the family Muridae.

#### Synonyms

* Bramble cay mosaic-tailed rat
# buying the dip
## English
### Verb

buying the dip
* present participle and gerund of buy the dip

#### See also

* buy low, sell high

### Noun

buying the dip (uncountable)
* Snapping up stocks or bonds when their price drops; especially, while they seem to be temporarily underpriced, as for example after a bout of panic selling.
    Antonym: profit taking
    Buying the dip was one of his keys to long-term success.
# dyskoteką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɘs.kɔˈtɛ.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɛkɔw̃
* Syllabification: dys‧ko‧te‧ką

### Noun

dyskoteką
* instrumental singular of dyskoteka
# Calta
## Czech
### Etymology

From calta (“bun or piece of bread long in shape”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡salta]
* Homophone: calta

### Proper noun

Calta m anim (female equivalent Caltová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Michálek, Emanuel (1989) Česká slovní zásoba v Klaretových slovnících [Czech wordstock in Klaret dictionaries] (in Czech), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 47

### Further reading

* “Calta”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# Микитівна
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

A patronymic, from Мики́та (Mykýta, “Mykyta”) +‎ -івна (-ivna)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [meˈkɪtʲiu̯nɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Мики́тівна • (Mykýtivna) f inan (genitive Мики́тівни, nominative plural Мики́тівни, genitive plural Мики́тівен, feminine Мики́тович)
* a female patronymic

#### Declension
### References

* “Микитівна”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# Twyla
## English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Twyla
* A female given name.
# Truchard
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French Truchard.

### Proper noun

Truchard (plural Truchards)
* A surname from French.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Truchard”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
* Forebears

## French
### Etymology

Historically most prevalent in Loire.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁy.ʃaʁ/

### Proper noun

Truchard m or f
* a surname, Truchard

#### Descendants

* English: Truchard

### References

* ↑ filae.com

### Further reading

* Forebears (French)
* filae.com
# Zorka
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzorka]

### Proper noun

Zorka f
* a diminutive of the female given name Zora

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Zorka”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

## Old Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈzorka/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈzorka/

### Proper noun

Zorka f
* a female given name

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “Zorka”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
* Vladimír Šmilauer, Jaroslav Kuchař, and Slavomír Utěšený (1972) Čeština všední i nevšední, Prague: Academia, page 381
# skimp
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /skɪmp/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪmp

### Etymology 1

Perhaps of North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skimpijaną (“to skip, dance, gesture, mock”). Cognate with Icelandic skimpa (“to scoff at, scorn”), dialectal Swedish skimpa (“to skip, dance”), Faroese skumpa (“to shove, bump”), German schimpfen (“to grumble, scold”), Dutch schimpen (“to mock, make fun of, scold”).

#### Verb

skimp (third-person singular simple present skimps, present participle skimping, simple past and past participle skimped)
* (Scotland, Northern England) To mock, deride, scorn, scold, make fun of.
    I thought Adie was only skimpin' me.

##### References

* The Dictionary of the Scots Language

### Etymology 2

Probably related to scamp and scrimp.

#### Verb

skimp (third-person singular simple present skimps, present participle skimping, simple past and past participle skimped)
* (transitive) To slight; to do carelessly; to scamp.
** 1955 October, Rex Stout, “Die Like a Dog”, in Three Witnesses, Bantam, published 1994, →ISBN, page 159:I got out my wallet and let him have a look at my licenses, detective and driver's. He didn't skimp it, being a lawyer.
* To make insufficient allowance for; to scant; to scrimp.
** 1964 January, “The maintenance of B.R. diesel-electric locomotives”, in Modern Railways, page 54:The temptation to skimp examinations and maintenance procedures, to save time or overcome staff shortages, must be resisted, and supervisors must insist on strict adherence to maintenance schedules and quality of workmanship.
** 2024 April 27, James Poniewozik, “The Comfortable Problem of Mid TV”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Apple’s investment bought something. Its shows feel professional. They look like premium products that no one skimped on.
* (intransitive) To save; to be parsimonious or stingy.

##### Derived terms

* skimp and save

##### Related terms

* skimpflation
* skimpily
* skimpy

##### Translations
#### Adjective

skimp (comparative more skimp, superlative most skimp)
* (dated, UK, dialect or US, colloquial) Scanty.

#### Noun

skimp (plural skimps)
* A skimpy or insubstantial thing, especially a piece of clothing.
** 2007, George Ella Lyon, With a Hammer for my Heart, page 192:I remembered how fierce it hurt and how it blistered. All that pain from just a skimp of flesh.
* (in the plural, colloquial) Underwear.
** 2007, Zoo Today‎:While presenting a rundown of the sexiest soap stars in the world in this week's ZOO, Hollyoaks' Gemma Atkinson very kindly stripped down to her skimps herself.

### Further reading

* James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Skimp”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.
# Totschlag
## German
### Etymology

From tot (“dead”) +‎ Schlag (“blow, hit”). Compare Dutch doodslag.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoːtˌʃlaːk/ (standard)
* IPA: /ˈtoːtˌʃla(ː)x/ (northern and central Germany; now chiefly colloquial)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Totschlag m (strong, genitive Totschlags or Totschlages, plural Totschläge)
* (law) second-degree murder, manslaughter; an unlawful killing of a person which is subject to a milder punishment than (first-degree) murder

#### Usage notes

* In spite of their semantic similarity, German Totschlag is distinct from the understanding of “manslaughter” in the Anglophone world. It also varies somewhat between the respective German-speaking countries. Generally, however, Totschlag is an intentional killing that lacks certain aggravating properties. A typical case example of Totschlag is a killing in the heat of the moment.
* In informal contexts, Totschlag is often improperly distinguished from Mord (“murder”) or merged with it. Speakers are likely to use Mord for cases that do not legally qualify as murder.

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Synonyms

* Tötung; Bluttat (synonyms in non-technical use only)

#### Derived terms

* Totschläger
* totschlagen
* Mord und Totschlag

### See also

* fahrlässige Tötung
* Kapitalverbrechen
* Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge
* Mord

### Further reading

* “Totschlag” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Totschlag” in Duden online
* Totschlag on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# elektrociepłownią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ.lɛk.trɔ.t͡ɕɛˈpwɔv.ɲɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɲɔw̃
* Syllabification: e‧lek‧tro‧cie‧płow‧nią

### Noun

elektrociepłownią
* instrumental singular of elektrociepłownia
# revalvoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English revalue). Adapted with the verbal suffix +‎ -oida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈreʋɑlʋoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈre̞ʋɑ̝lˌʋo̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: re‧val‧voi‧da

### Verb

revalvoida
* (transitive, economics) to revalue (give a new value higher to) (e.g. a currency)

#### Derived terms

* revalvoiminen
* revalvointi
* revalvoitua

### Further reading

* “revalvoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# rerata
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Partial reduplication of rata.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rəˈrat̪a]
* Hyphenation: rê‧ra‧ta

### Noun

rerata (uncountable)
* (statistics) mean:
    Synonyms: pukul rata, rata-rata
** the average of a set of values, calculated by summing them together and dividing by the number of terms; the arithmetic mean.
** any function of multiple variables that satisfies certain properties and yields a number representative of its arguments; or, the number so yielded; a measure of central tendency.

#### Derived terms

* rerataan
* rerata akun
* rerata aritmetika
* rerata belanja wisatawan
* rerata berbobot
* rerata bergerak
* rerata bersyarat
* rerata bulanan
* rerata ensembel
* rerata fase
* rerata geometrik
* rerata harmonik
* rerata hemoglobin sel
* rerata hitung
* rerata konsentrasi hemoglobin sel
* rerata lama tinggal
* rerata nisbah
* rerata pasar
* rerata progeni
* rerata progresif
* rerata spektrum
* rerata spin
* rerata statistis
* rerata tekanan karotid
* rerata terasumsi
* rerata tertimbang
* rerata tingkat huni kamar
* rerata umum
* rerata volume sel

### Further reading

* “rerata” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Laurice
## English
### Proper noun

Laurice
* A female given name from Latin.
# Barthes
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French Barthes/Barthès, itself from Occitan.

### Proper noun

Barthes (plural Bartheses)
* A surname from French.

#### Derived terms

* Barthesian

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Barthes”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 108.
* Forebears

## French
### Alternative forms

* Barthès

### Etymology

Borrowed from Occitan. Historically most prevalent in Tarn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baʁt/

### Proper noun

Barthes m or f
* a surname, Barthes, from Occitan

#### Derived terms

* barthésien

#### Descendants

* English: Barthes

### References

* ↑ filae.com

### Further reading

* Forebears (French)
* filae.com
# Editka
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛɟɪtka]

### Proper noun

Editka f
* a diminutive of the female given name Edita

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Editka”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
# -og
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -g (frequentative suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [oɡ]

### Suffix

-og
* (frequentative suffix) Added to a stem - often an onomatopoeia - to form a verb expressing a (quickly) repeating or continuous action.
    vacog (“to chatter - to shut and open the mouth quickly in the cold”)
    ‎mosoly (“smile”) + ‎-og → ‎mosolyog (“to smile”)

#### Usage notes

* (frequentative suffix) Variants:
    -g is added to words ending in a vowel
    -og is added to some back-vowel words
    -ag is added to other back-vowel words
    -eg is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    -ög is added to rounded front-vowel words

#### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* -iog

### Etymology

From Middle Welsh -awc, from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Akin to Cornish -ek, Breton -eg, Irish -ach, Scottish Gaelic -ach, Manx -agh, Latin -ācus, -īcus and English -y.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔɡ/

### Suffix

-og
* adjectival suffix often indicating an abundance of the root
    ‎carreg (“stone”) + ‎-og → ‎caregog (“stony”)
    ‎twll (“hole”) + ‎-og → ‎tyllog (“perforated, porous”)
    ‎gallu (“ability”) + ‎-og → ‎galluog (“capable”)
    ‎enw (“name”) + ‎-og → ‎enwog (“famous”)
* noun suffix indicating person, creature or object characterised by root
    ‎perchen (“to own”) + ‎-og → ‎perchennog (“owner”)
    ‎march (“stallion, horse”) + ‎-og → ‎marchog (“knight, horserider”)
    ‎draen (“thorn(s)”) + ‎-og → ‎draenog (“hedgehog”)
    ‎ysgyfarn (“ear”) + ‎-og → ‎ysgyfarnog (“hare”)
    ‎clust (“ear”) + ‎-og → ‎clustog (“cushion, bolster”)

#### Derived terms
### References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-og”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies