# 四代
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sìdài
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄉㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìdài
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhdài
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-tai$^4$
*** Yale: sz̀-dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhday
*** Palladius: сыдай (sydaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: sijH dojH
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 徒耐切 |
| Baxter | sijH | dojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /dʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /dəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /dəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /dᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /dʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | dài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | doi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s lˤək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljids l'ɯːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 四 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì | dài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^H$ › | ‹ doj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.li[j]-s/ | /*lˁək-s/ |
| English | four | replace |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 四 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12022 | 14963 |
| Phonetic component | 四 | 弋 |
| Rime group | 至 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 四 | 代 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljids/ | /*l'ɯːɡs/ |

### Proper noun

四代
* (historical) the Four Dynasties, a collective name for the pre-imperial dynasties: Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou
    From: The Book of Sui, 636 CE
    “shū” zhī suǒ xìng, gài yǔ wénzì jù qǐ. Kǒngzǐ guānshū Zhōushì, dé Yú, Xià, Shāng, Zhōu sìdài zhī diǎn, shān qí shàn zhě, shàng zì Yú, xià zhì Zhōu, wéi bǎi piān, biān ér xù zhī. [Pinyin]
    The Book of Documents likely emerged alongside with the advent of Chinese characters. When Confucius studied the texts preserved in the Zhou royal library, he obtained the historical records of the four dynasties—Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou. He selected the finest portions, compiling them into one hundred chapters spanning from the era of Yu down to the Zhou dynasty, and edited them with explanatory prefaces.

#### Synonyms

* (pre-imperial dynasties):
三代 (sāndài) (ordinary term)

#### See also

唐虞 (Táng-Yú, “legendary pre-Xia dynasty, reputed to be founded by Emperor Shun”)
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

### Noun

四代
* four generations (of a family)
* fourth generation (also attributively)
    四代機／四代机 ― sìdài jī ― fourth-generation fighter