# 呆

| 呆 | U+5446, &#21574; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5446 |
| ← 呅 [U+5445] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 呇 → [U+5447] |

## Translingual
### Han character

呆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口木 (RD), four-corner 6090$_4$, composition ⿱口木)

#### Derived characters

* 保 㙅 㳭 槑 宲 棠 楶 襃 𠳳 𪭷 𪲖 𤥯 𥆫 𨲃 𨹦 𩛴 𫗷 𣍀 𣮃 𣔣 𪁣 𠻇 𣞃 𣘫 𤶭 𡷵 𩭚 𭑼 𮀛 𮇠 𮘒 𫬕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3395
* Dae Jaweon: page 399, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 585, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5446

## Chinese
### Glyph origin
#### Etymology 1

    Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 口 (“mouth”) + 木 (“wood”) – dull, not sharp; wooden. Then the meaning evolved into "not sharp > stupid"

#### Etymology 2

    See 保.

#### Etymology 3

    Simplified from 槑.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dāi, ái (dai$^1$, ai$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞ, ㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi$^4$ / daai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngôi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngoi$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngài
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tai / gâi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngai$^5$ / dai$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$te; $^6$nge
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dai
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^1$
*** Yale: dāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dai
*** Palladius: дай (daj)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ái
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ái
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^2$
*** Yale: ái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: air
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngoi$^4$ / daai$^1$
*** Yale: ngòih / dāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi$^4$ / daai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngoi$^4$ / dai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːi̯²¹/, /taːi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngôi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngoi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋoɪ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngài
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tai
*** Tâi-lô: tai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: day
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâi
*** Tâi-lô: gâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gaai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡai¹³/
* tai - vernacular;
* gâi - literary.
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯː/, /*ŋɯː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 呆 | 呆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1956 | 1957 |
| Phonetic component | 呆 | 呆 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𪒴 | 皚 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯː/ | /*ŋɯː/ |
| Notes | 懛今字 | 獃今字 |

#### Definitions

呆
* dull; wooden
* dull-minded; simple; stupid
* (Eastern Min) bad
* (chiefly Mainland China) Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”)
       zài guǎngzhōu dāile shí jǐ nián [Pinyin]
       was in Guangzhou for 10 or so years
* a surname, Dai

##### Synonyms

* (bad):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 惡 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 壞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 壞, 拐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬, 歹 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 壞, 恘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 毛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 |
* (stupid):
* 呆傻 (dāishǎ)
* 呆痴 (dāichī)
* 𡳞面 (Hokkien, vulgar)
* 𡳞鳥面 / 𡳞鸟面 (Hokkien, vulgar)
* 愚戇 / 愚戆 (Hokkien)
* 愚昧 (yúmèi)
* 愚笨 (yúbèn)
* 愚蠢 (yúchǔn)
* 愚鈍 / 愚钝 (yúdùn)
* 拙 (zhuō) (literary, or in compounds)
* 拙笨 (zhuōbèn)
* 撚樣 / 撚样 (lan$^2$ joeng$^{6-2}$) (Cantonese, vulgar)
* 暗昧 (ànmèi)
* 梢跤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 梢跤軟蹄 / 梢跤软蹄 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 梢蹬 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 棒槌 (bàngchuí)
* 海鱟 / 海鲎 (Hokkien)
* 混鈍 / 混钝 (Hokkien)
* 痴呆
* 發踱 / 发踱 ($^7$faq $^8$doq) (Wu)
* 笨 (bèn)
* 笨拙 (bènzhuō)
* 笨車車 / 笨车车 (Hokkien)
* 臭笨 (Hokkien)
* 菜瓜 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 蠢 (chǔn)
* 蠢氣 / 蠢气 (qyn$^3$ qi$^4$) (Xiang)
* 蠢笨 (chǔnbèn)
* 袋屎 (Hokkien)
* 袋屎袋尿 (Hokkien)
* 跤梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 遲鈍 / 迟钝 (chídùn)
* 阿西 (Hokkien)
* 頇顢 / 顸颟 (Hokkien)
* 鱟 / 鲎 (Hokkien)
* 鳩拙 / 鸠拙 (jiūzhuó) (literary)

#### Compounds

* 口舌呆鈍 / 口舌呆钝
* 呆不龍咚 / 呆不龙咚
* 呆了一呆
* 呆住 (dāizhù)
* 呆似木雞 / 呆似木鸡
* 呆僗 / 呆𫢬
* 呆呆地
* 呆呆掙掙 / 呆呆挣挣
* 呆呆鄧鄧 / 呆呆邓邓
* 呆坐
* 呆子 (dāizi)
* 呆小症
* 呆帳 / 呆帐 (dāizhàng)
* 呆想
* 呆打頦 / 呆打颏
* 呆掙 / 呆挣
* 呆木大
* 呆板
* 呆水位
* 呆漢 / 呆汉
* 呆滯 / 呆滞 (dāizhì)
* 呆滯物料 / 呆滞物料
* 呆瓜 (dāiguā)
* 呆登登
* 呆立
* 呆笑
* 呆答孩
* 呆答答
* 呆緻緻 / 呆致致
* 呆老漢 / 呆老汉
* 呆腦呆頭 / 呆脑呆头
* 呆若木雞 / 呆若木鸡 (dāiruòmùjī)
* 呆著臉 / 呆著脸
* 呆裡撒奸
* 呆貨 / 呆货
* 呆鄧鄧 / 呆邓邓
* 呆頭呆腦 / 呆头呆脑 (dāitóudāinǎo)
* 呆頭木腦 / 呆头木脑
* 呆鳥 / 呆鸟
* 嚇呆 / 吓呆 (xiàdāi)
* 孝呆 (hàu-tai) (Min Nan)
* 干呆
* 懵懂痴呆
* 打呆歌
* 撇呆打墮 / 撇呆打堕
* 書呆子 / 书呆子 (shūdāizi)
* 痴呆
* 痴呆懵懂
* 痴呆症
* 發呆 / 发呆 (fādāi)
* 目呆口咂
* 目定口呆 (mùdìngkǒudāi)
* 目睜口呆 / 目睁口呆
* 目瞪口呆 (mùdèngkǒudāi)
* 目瞪神呆
* 看呆
* 老伯呆
* 老阿呆
* 裝憨打呆 / 装憨打呆
* 賣呆 / 卖呆
* 賣呆兒 / 卖呆儿
* 鄧鄧呆呆 / 邓邓呆呆

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 呆 – see 保 (“to raise; to rear; to keep; to maintain; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 保).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 呆 – see 梅. (This character is a variant form of 梅).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* amazed, disgusted, shocked

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほ (ho)、がい (gai)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)、がい (gai)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō)、たい (tai)
* Kun: あきる (akiru, 呆る)、あきれる (akireru, 呆れる)、ほける (hokeru, 呆ける)、ほうける (hōkeru, 呆ける)、ぼける (bokeru, 呆ける)

## Korean
### Hanja

呆 (eumhun 어리석을 매 (eoriseogeul mae))
* hanja form of 매 (“dull-minded; simple; stupid”)

#### Compounds

* 치매 (癡呆/痴呆, chimae, “(medicine) dementia”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

呆: Hán Nôm readings: ngốc
* stupid, naive, foolish