# socius
## English
### Etymology

From Latin socius.

### Noun

socius (plural socii)
* (historical) Any of the autonomous tribes and city states of the Italian Peninsula in permanent military alliance with the Roman Republic until the Social War of 91–88 BC.
* An associate; a fellow of an academy, etc.
* (sociology) According to Gilles Deleuze, a social body that takes credit for production.

### Anagrams

* scious

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* sokios (Old Latin)
* sotius (Medieval)

### Etymology

From Old Latin sokios, from Proto-Italic *sokjos, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₂-y-ós (“follower, companion”) (identical to Proto-Germanic *sagjaz), perhaps thematicized from collective *sokʷ-h₂-ṓy (compare Sanskrit सखि (sákhi, “companion”)), ultimately from the root *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Compare Faliscan socia (“girlfriend, companion”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈso.ki.us/, [ˈs̠ɔkiʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈso.t͡ʃi.us/, [ˈsɔːt͡ʃius]

### Adjective

socius (feminine socia, neuter socium); first/second-declension adjective
* sharing, joining in, partaking, associated
* kindred, related, akin, ally
* leagued, allied, united, confederate

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.
* Gen.pl. sometimes socium

#### Derived terms

* sociālis
* sociennus
* societās
* sociō
* sociofraudus

#### Related terms

* secus
* sequor
* sociābilis
* sociālitās
* sociāliter
* sociātiō
* sociātrīx

### Noun

socius m (genitive sociī or socī); second declension
* partner, sharer, associate
* companion, comrade
* ally; confederate

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance:
** Aromanian: sots
** Romanian: soț
* Italian: soccio
* → Albanian: shok
* → Catalan: soci
* → English: socio-
* → German: Sozius
* → Italian: socio
* → Portuguese: sócio
* → Sicilian: sociu
* → Spanish: socio
* → Welsh: saig
* ⇒ Latin: socia f
** Eastern Romance:
*** Aromanian: soatsã
*** Romanian: soață
** Italian: soccia
** → Catalan: sòcia
** → Spanish: socia
** → Albanian: shoqe

### References

* ↑ Miller, D. Gary (2006) Latin Suffixal Derivatives in English: and their Indo-European Ancestry, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 27 & 134
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “socius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 569–570

### Further reading

* “socius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “socius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "socius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* socius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to attach oneself to a person's society: socium se adiungere alicui to admit a person into one's society: aliquem socium admittere a political ally: consiliorum in re publica socius to make some one one's ally: socium aliquem asciscere (B. G. 1. 5)
* “socius”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* Notes: