# 譀

| 譀 | U+8B40, &#35648; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B40 |
| ← 謿 [U+8B3F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 譁 → [U+8B41] |

## Translingual
### Han character

譀 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一十大 (YRMJK), four-corner 0864$_0$, composition ⿰訁敢)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1179, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35926
* Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4016, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8B40

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撖 | *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 澉 | *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ |
| 噉 | *l'aːmʔ |
| 敢 | *klaːmʔ |
| 橄 | *klaːmʔ |
| 瞰 | *kʰlaːms |
| 闞 | *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms |
| 憨 | *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 譀 | *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb |
| 巖 | *ŋraːm |
| 礹 | *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ |
| 豃 | *qʰraːmʔ |
| 讝 | *kjam |
| 玁 | *hŋramʔ |
| 嚴 | *ŋam |
| 儼 | *ŋamʔ |
| 曮 | *ŋamʔ |
| 釅 | *ŋams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb): semantic 言 (“words; speech”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hàn (han$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^3$ / ham$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^3$ / ham$^6$
*** Yale: ham / hahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^3$ / ham$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^3$ / hem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm³³/, /hɐm²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàm
*** Tâi-lô: hàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ham²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ham¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²¹/
* Middle Chinese: hamH, xaep
Rime :
| Character | 譀 | 譀 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 狎 (150) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 下瞰切 | 呼甲切 |
| Baxter | hamH | xaep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑm$^H$/ | /hˠap̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑm$^H$/ | /hᵚap̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑm$^H$/ | /xap̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦam$^H$/ | /haɨp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑm$^H$/ | /xap̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑm$^H$/ | /xap̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑm$^H$/ | /xap̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hàn | xia |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^6$ | haap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlaːms/, /*qʰraːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 譀 | 譀 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 3681 | 3697 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 憨 | 呷 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰlaːms/ | /*qʰraːb/ |
* Wenzhou: IPA: /ha²¹³/

#### Definitions

譀
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to talk big; to boast
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make fun of; to tease
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to howl; to bellow; to snarl
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) exaggerated; pretentious
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to magnify; to enlarge
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) illusory; imaginary
* (Wenzhounese) to tell a lie; to lie

##### Synonyms

* (to magnify): 放大 (fàngdà), 放大 (fàngdà); (Hokkien, Teochew) 放 (fàng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 誑言, 誑語, 佯言 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 說謊, 扯謊, 誑言 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 說謊, 撂皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 說謊, 撒謊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 撒謊, 扒瞎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 講騙話 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 撒謊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 說謊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 說謊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 扯謊撂屁 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 喧謊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 說白話 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 扯白, 扯謊捏白, 扯把子, 駕雲, 日白, 捏白, 日白捏謊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 掣謊, 掉謊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 扯白撂野 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 扯謊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 扯大炮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lipu | 擺溜子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 謅謊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 講大話 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 講大話 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 講大話 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 放葫蘆, 講大話 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 講大話, 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 車大炮, 騙人 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 講大話, 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 講大話 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 講大話 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 講大話, 車大炮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 打白話 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 花舌, 講大話, 打白話, 扯謊, 屙痢肚, 屙痢洩肚, 屙膿刮痢 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 講花蓼 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 講花蓼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 講花蓼, 講花舌 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 講花舌 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 講花蓼 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 講花舌 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 話假事 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 獵謊 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 假講 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 話假事 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 話假事 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 話假事 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野講 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 白賊, 講白賊, 花喙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 白賊, 花婆喙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 白賊, 講白賊, 亂嘫, 哺下頷, 落下頷 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 講白賊, 講無影話 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 講無影話 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 反輪 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 白賊 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 白賊 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 白賊, 講白賊 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 白賊, 嘐潲話 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 白賊 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 講白賊, 嘐潲 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 講嘐潲 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 白賊, 講白賊 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 講白賊 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 白賊, 講嘐潲 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 白賊, 嘐六 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 白賊, 講白賊 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 講騙話 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 講騙話, 白賊 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 講白賊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 呾大話, 呾無影跡話, 花喙 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 花嬲 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 佬儂, 呾騙話 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 說謊 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 講大話 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 騙造話 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 譀, 講譀話, 譀裡譀搭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 捏白, 辵白, 扯白, 扯謊 |

### Compounds

* 譀古 / 𰶆古 (hàm-kó͘) (Min Nan)
* 譀話 / 𰶆话

#### References

* 温州话正字 (Wenzhounese proper orthography), Zhihu, 29 August 2019.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàn (xian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$
*** Yale: syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: xaemH
Rime :
| Character | 譀 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 許鑑切 |
| Baxter | xaemH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠam$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚam$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xam$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xam$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xam$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xam$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 譀 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 3687 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㒈 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰraːms/ |

#### Definitions

譀
* Only used in 譀䜕／𰶆䜕.