# 砥

| 砥 | U+7825, &#30757; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7825 |
| ← 砤 [U+7824] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 砦 → [U+7826] |

## Translingual
### Han character

砥 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口竹心一 (MRHPM) or 一口竹女戈 (MRHVI), four-corner 1264$_0$, composition ⿰石氐)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24093
* Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2424, character 14
* Unihan data for U+7825

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 低 | *tiːl |
| 氐 | *tiːl, *til |
| 袛 | *tiːl |
| 羝 | *tiːl |
| 眡 | *tiːl, *djilʔ |
| 岻 | *tiːl, *dil |
| 奃 | *tiːl |
| 趆 | *tiːl, *tiːls |
| 柢 | *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls |
| 邸 | *tiːlʔ |
| 底 | *tiːlʔ |
| 詆 | *tiːlʔ, *diːl |
| 坻 | *tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil |
| 抵 | *tiːlʔ |
| 牴 | *tiːlʔ |
| 觝 | *tiːlʔ |
| 弤 | *tiːlʔ |
| 軧 | *tiːlʔ |
| 骶 | *tiːls |
| 砥 | *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils |
| 胝 | *til |
| 疷 | *til |
| 秪 | *til |
| 泜 | *dil |
| 蚳 | *dil |
| 彽 | *dil |
| 阺 | *dil |
| 貾 | *dil |
| 祗 | *tjil |
| 厎 | *tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ |
| 茋 | *tjilʔ |
| 鴟 | *tʰjil |
| 汦 | *kjeʔ, *tjil |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǐ, zhǐ (di$^3$, zhi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˇ, ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dai$^2$ / zi$^1$ / zi$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): té / tí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǐ
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^3$
*** Yale: dǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dii
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, obsolete)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$
*** Yale: jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dai$^2$ / zi$^1$ / zi$^2$
*** Yale: dái / jī / jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dai$^2$ / dzi$^1$ / dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dei$^2$ / ji$^1$ / ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐi̯³⁵/, /t͡siː⁵⁵/, /t͡siː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
*** Tâi-lô: té
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dea
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tí
*** Tâi-lô: tí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: die
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁵⁵⁴/
* té - literary;
* tí - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsyij, tsyeX, tsyijX
Rime :
| Character | 砥 | 砥 | 砥 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 支 (11) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 旨夷切 | 諸氏切 | 職雉切 |
| Baxter | tsyij | tsyeX | tsyijX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪ/ | /t͡ɕiᴇ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕˠiɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕiɛ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕᵚi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjɪ/ | /t͡ɕjɛ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ci/ | /ciə̆$^X$/ | /cji$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕie$^X$/ | /t͡ɕji$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕǐe$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕie̯$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhī | zhǐ | zhǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ | zi$^2$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjelʔ/, /*tjil/, /*tjilʔ/, /*tjils/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 砥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tijʔ/ |
| English | whetstone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 砥 | 砥 | 砥 | 砥 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 2258 | 2271 | 2273 | 2275 |
| Phonetic component | 氐 | 氐 | 氐 | 氐 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 脂 | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 紙 | 脂 | 旨 | 至 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjelʔ/ | /*tjil/ | /*tjilʔ/ | /*tjils/ |

### Definitions

砥
* (literary) fine-grained whetstone
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to grind; to polish
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to temper oneself; to steel oneself
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smooth; level; even

#### Compounds

* 中流砥柱 (zhōngliúdǐzhù)
* 砥兵礪伍 / 砥兵砺伍
* 砥名勵節 / 砥名励节
* 砥平繩直 / 砥平绳直
* 砥志礪行 / 砥志砺行
* 砥據 / 砥据
* 砥柱 (dǐzhù)
* 砥柱中流
* 砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
* 砥礪名節 / 砥砺名节 (dǐlìmíngjié)
* 砥礪名號 / 砥砺名号
* 砥礪名行 / 砥砺名行
* 砥礪廉隅 / 砥砺廉隅
* 砥礪清節 / 砥砺清节
* 砥礪風節 / 砥砺风节
* 砥節奉公 / 砥节奉公
* 砥節守公 / 砥节守公
* 砥節礪行 / 砥节砺行
* 砥行磨名
* 砥行立名
* 磨礱砥礪 / 磨砻砥砺

#### See also

* 磨刀石 (módāoshí)
* 磨石 (móshí)

### References

* “砥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* whetstone, grindstone

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)、たい (tai)
* Kan-on: し (shi)、てい (tei)
* Kun: と (to, 砥)、とぐ (togu, 砥ぐ)、といし (toishi, 砥)、みがく (migaku, 砥く)、たいらにする (tairanisuru, 砥にする)

## Korean
### Hanja

砥 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.