# 況

| 況 | U+6CC1, &#27841; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CC1 |
| ← 泀 [U+6CC0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 泂 → [U+6CC2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

況 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水口竹山 (ERHU), four-corner 3611$_0$, composition ⿰氵兄)

#### Derived characters

* 𮭃

#### Descendants

* 况

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 615, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17264
* Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1586, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6CC1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 況 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 怳 | *hmaŋʔ |
| 況 | *hmaŋs |
| 貺 | *hmaŋs |
| 况 | *hmaŋs |
| 兄 | *hmraŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmaŋs): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 兄 (OC *hmraŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kuàng (kuang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fong$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fong$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): kuong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khóng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kong$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kuon$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): kua̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuóng / huóng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hóng / hòng / khòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kuang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$huaon; $^5$khuaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuang$^4$
*** Yale: kwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
*** Palladius: куан (kuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^3$
*** Yale: fong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: kuong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: kuon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kua̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng / huóng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/, /huɔŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
*** Tâi-lô: hóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horng
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng
*** Tâi-lô: hòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
*** Tâi-lô: khòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kuang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$huaon; $^5$khuaon
*** MiniDict: huaon$^去$; khuaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$huaan; $^2$khuaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /huɑ̃³⁴/, /kʰuɑ̃³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: kuan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯an⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit況 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰuaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰuɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰuaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰuaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰuaŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰuaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰuɔ̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰuɑŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰuɑ̃¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰuɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰuaŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰuaŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰuaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰuã̠²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰuaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰuɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuɒ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰuɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰuɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kuɑ̃³⁵/ /huɑ̃³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /huɑ̃⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰuɑŋ⁵³/ /huɑŋ⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕyɔ⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰo³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xau²⁴/ /kʰau²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰuan⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰɔn⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɔŋ³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɔŋ³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /fɔŋ³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔŋ⁵³/ /kʰɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɔŋ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰuaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰuaŋ²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xuaŋ³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: xjwangH
Rime :
| Character | 況 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許訪切 |
| Baxter | xjwangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hʉɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xiwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m̥]aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 況 | 況 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuàng | kuàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjwang$^H$ › | ‹ xjwang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m̥]aŋ-s/ | /*[m̥]aŋ-s/ |
| English | compare with, be equal to | how much the more |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 況 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13902 |
| Phonetic component | 兄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 況 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmaŋs/ |

### Definitions

況
* condition; situation
* (archaic) much less; let alone
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Chén zhī zuì shènduō yǐ. Chén yóu zhī zhī, ér kuàng jūn hū? Qǐng yóucǐ wáng. [Pinyin]
    My wrongdoings have been excessive. Even I myself understand this, let alone you, my liege? May you banish me henceforth.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wú wèi wén wǎngjǐ ér zhèngrén zhě yě, kuàng rǔjǐ yǐ zhèng tiānxià zhě hū? [Pinyin]
    I have not heard of one who bent himself, and at the same time made others straight; how much less could one disgrace himself, and thereby rectify the whole kingdom?
* furthermore
* to compare; to draw an analogy with
* a surname

### Compounds

* 何況 / 何况 (hékuàng)
* 出狀況 / 出状况
* 勢況 / 势况
* 境況 / 境况 (jìngkuàng)
* 實況 / 实况 (shíkuàng)
* 實況轉播 / 实况转播
* 實況錄影 / 实况录影
* 市況 / 市况 (shìkuàng)
* 情況 / 情况 (qíngkuàng)
* 情況證據 / 情况证据
* 戰況 / 战况 (zhànkuàng)
* 景況 / 景况 (jǐngkuàng)
* 概況 / 概况 (gàikuàng)
* 每下愈況 / 每下愈况 (měixiàyùkuàng)
* 每況愈下 / 每况愈下 (měikuàngyùxià)
* 比況 / 比况
* 況且 / 况且 (kuàngqiě)
* 況乃 / 况乃
* 況乎 / 况乎 (kuànghū)
* 況味 / 况味 (kuàngwèi)
* 況迺 / 况迺
* 狀況 / 状况 (zhuàngkuàng)
* 現況 / 现况 (xiànkuàng)
* 病況 / 病况 (bìngkuàng)
* 盛況 / 盛况 (shèngkuàng)
* 盛況空前 / 盛况空前
* 空前盛況 / 空前盛况
* 窘況 / 窘况 (jiǒngkuàng)
* 而況 / 而况 (érkuàng)
* 自況 / 自况
* 路況 / 路况 (lùkuàng)
* 近況 / 近况 (jìnkuàng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* furthermore
* situation

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kun: まして (mashite, 況して)、いわんや (iwan'ya, 況んや)、おもむき (omomuki, 況)

## Korean
### Hanja

況 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

況: Hán Nôm readings: huống
* chữ Hán form of huống (“situation; furthermore”).

#### References

* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).