# ܝܡܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology 1

Variant of ܐܸܡܵܐ (immā), from Aramaic אִמָּא (ʾimmā) with a shift from an initial /ʔ/ to /j/, from Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-; compare Turoyo ܐܶܡܐ (emo), Arabic أُمّ (ʔumm), Hebrew אֵם (em) and אִמָּא (ímma).
The second sense is from Akkadian ummat erî (“lower milestone, grindstone”). The first element, ummat, is the construct form of ummatu (“main part”) while the second element erî is the genitive form of erû (“lower stone of hand-mill”). Based on folk etymology or a reinterpretation of the Akkadian term, the word was reinterpreted as “mother” in Aramaic. In some dialects, the fourth sense then evolved from this.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈjɪm.mɑː], [ˈjɪm.mä]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ʔɪmma], [jɪmma]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ˈjɪ.mɒ]

#### Noun

ܝܸܡܵܐ • (yimmā) f (plural ܝܸܡܵܬܹ̈ܐ (yimmātē) or ܝܸܡܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yimmāwāṯā), masculine ܒܵܒܵܐ (bābā) or ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ (aḇā))
* mother
* lower millstone of a mill; lower grindstone of a hand-mill
* (Tergawar) colostrum, first milk
* (Tyare) boulder that has rolled or is rolling down a slope
* malignant tumor

##### Usage notes

* (mother): This is only used for genetic and adoptive mothers, not stepmothers. A stepmother is instead referred to as ܒܲܟ݂ܬ ܒܵܒܵܐ (baḵt bābā, literally “the wife of a father”).

##### Derived terms

* ܝܸܡ ܩܪܵܝܬܵܐ (yim qrāytā, “mater lectionis”)
* ܝܸܡܵܝܵܐ (yimmāyā, “motherly, maternal”)
    ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܝܸܡܵܝܵܐ (liššānā yimmāyā, “mother tongue”)
* ܝܸܡܘܼܬܵܐ (yimūtā, “motherhood, maternity”)

##### Related terms

* ܐܲܡܘܼܡܵܐ (amūmā, “mold, matrix”)
* ܐܘܼܡܬܵܐ (umtā, “nation”)
* ܐܸܡܗܵܬܹ̈ܐ (imhātē, “female ancestors”)

### Etymology 2

A Northwest Semitic innovation from Aramaic יַמָּא (yammāʾ), from Proto-Semitic *wamm- (“sea, river”); compare Ugaritic 𐎊𐎎 (ym), Hebrew יָם (yam), and also borrowed into Arabic يَمّ (yamm).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈjɑːmɑː], [ˈjä.mä]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ˈjɒ.mɒ]

#### Noun

ܝܵܡܵܐ • (yāmā) m (plural ܝܲܡܡܹ̈ܐ (yammē) or ܝ̈ܲܡܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yammāwāṯā))
* sea (large body of salt water)
    Antonym: ܝܲܒ݂ܫܵܐ (yaḇšā, “dry land”)
* beach (pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the sea between high- and low-water marks)

##### Usage notes

* This term is grammatically masculine, either gender in the Alqosh/Nineveh Plains dialect(s), and may be feminine in others.

##### Hyponyms

* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܵܐ (yāmā kōmā, “the Black Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܒܲܠܛܝܼܩܵܝܵܐ (yāmā balṭīqāyā, “the Baltic Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܒܪ̈ܵܝܹܐ (yāmā d-ībrāyē, “the Caspian Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܝܲܦܵܢ (yāmā dyappān, “the Sea of Japan”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܟܵܪ̈ܝܼܒܵܝܹܐ (yāmā dkārībāyē, “the Caribbean Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܡܸܠܚܵܐ (yāmā d-milḥā, “the Dead Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܣܘܿܦ (yāmā d-sop, “the Red Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܚܘܵܪܵܐ ܡܸܨܥܵܝܵܐ (yāmā ḥwārā miṣˁāyā, “the Mediterranean Sea”)
* ܝܵܡܵܐ ܫܲܥܘܼܬܵܐ (yāmā šaˁūtā, “the Yellow Sea”)

##### Derived terms

* ܓܲܢܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (gannāḇā d-yāmā, “pirate”)
* ܚܝܵܪܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (ḥyārā d-yāmā, “sea cucumber”)
* ܝܲܡܡܵܝܵܐ (yammāyā, “marine”)
* ܝܲܡܬܘܿܢܝܼܬܵܐ (yamtōnītā, “lakelet”)
* ܝܲܡܬܵܐ (yamtā, “lake”)
* ܟܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (kalḇā d-yāmā, “seal, otter, beaver”)
* ܟܲܠܬܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (kaltā d-yāmā, “mermaid”)
* ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (kāwḵḇā d-yāmā, “starfish”)
* ܠܒܲܕܲܪ ܡ̣ܢ ܝܲܡܡܹ̈ܐ (l-baddar min yammē, “overseas, abroad”)
* ܣܘܼܣܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (sūsā d-yāmā, “seahorse”)
* ܣܲܪܛܵܢܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (sarṭānā d-yāmā, “lobster”)
* ܥܸܙܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (ˁizzā d-yāmā, “swordfish”)
* ܩܘܼܦܕܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (qupdā d-yāmā, “sea urchin”)

### Etymology 3

From Aramaic יֲמָא (yămā).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ˈjɑːmeː]

#### Verb

ܝܵܡܹܐ • (yāmē)
* to swear, vow
    ܠܵܐ ܝܵܡܹܝܬܘܿܢ ܒܕܘܼܓܠܵܐ. ― lā yāmētōn b-duglā. ― You must not swear by a lie.

##### Conjugation

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-weak-3i|ܝ|ܡ}}

### References

* “ܝܸܡܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 November 27 (last accessed)
* “ܝܲܡܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 November 27 (last accessed)
* Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܝܸܡܵܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 120b
* Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܝܵܡܵܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 120b
* Hezi Mutzafi (2018 May 15) “Akkadian substrate words and meanings surfacing in Neo-Aramaic”, in Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

A Northwest Semitic innovation. From Proto-Semitic *wamm- (“sea, river”). Compare Ugaritic 𐎊𐎎 (ym), Hebrew יָם (yām) and Arabic يَمّ (yamm). The word as it appears in Arabic is a borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [ˈjam.mɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈjam.mɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈjɑ.mo]

### Noun

ܝܡܐ • (yammā) m (plural ܝܡܡܐ (yam[mə]mē))
* sea, large lake
* pond, swamp, marsh

#### Synonyms

* (sea): ܒܚܪܐ (baḥrā)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “sea”): ܝܒܫܐ (yaḇšā, “dry land”)

#### Derived terms

* ܝܕ ܝܡܐ (yaḏ yammā, “coast”)
* ܝܡܡ (yammem, “to make into a sea”)
* ܝܡܡܝܐ (yam[mə]māyā, “marine”)
* ܝܡܬܐ (yamməṯā, “lake”)
** ܝܡܬܘܢܝܬܐ (yamməṯōnīṯā, “lakelet”)

### References

* “ym”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-10-02
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 141b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 193a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 575b
* Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 191

### Anagrams

* ܡܝܐ

## Turoyo
### Etymology

From Aramaic ימא

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɑmo/ (singular)
* IPA: /jɑme/ (plural)

### Noun

ܝܰܡܳܐ • (yamo) m (plural ܝܰܡܶܐ (yame))
* sea
    Synonym: ܒܰܚܪܳܐ (baḥro)