# 刑

| 刑 | U+5211, &#21009; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5211 |
| ← 刐 [U+5210] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 划 → [U+5212] |

## Translingual
### Han character

刑 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一廿中弓 (MTLN), four-corner 1240$_0$, composition ⿰开刂)

#### Derived characters

* 侀 㣜 㭢 硎 鉶(铏) 荊 型

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 137, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1886
* Dae Jaweon: page 308, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 324, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5211

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 硎 | *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ |
| 耕 | *kreːŋ |
| 荊 | *keŋ |
| 井 | *skeŋʔ |
| 丼 | *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ |
| 妌 | *sɡeŋʔ |
| 穽 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
| 阱 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
| 汫 | *sɡeːŋʔ |
| 刑 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 形 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 邢 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 鉶 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 型 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 侀 | *ɡeːŋ |
Originally written as 㓝, phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːŋ): phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ) + semantic 刂. Later corrupted as 𠛬 (⿰幵刂), phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːŋ): phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn) + semantic 刂.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xíng (xing$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hìn
    (Hailu, HRS): hin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hin$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xing$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hing$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síng
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$
*** Yale: syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyng
*** Palladius: син (sin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$
*** Yale: yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin
*** Sinological IPA: /hin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hìng
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
*** Tâi-lô: hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng
*** Sinological IPA : /heŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yin
*** MiniDict: yin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²³/
* Middle Chinese: heng
Rime :
| Character | 刑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 戸經切 |
| Baxter | heng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣeŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刑 | 刑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xíng | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ heng › | ‹ heng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | punish(ment) | model, form |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6861 |
| Phonetic component | 井 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㓝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡeːŋ/ |

### Definitions

刑
* penalty; sentence; punishment
* corporal punishment; torture
* (literary) to slaughter; to massacre
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) model; example
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to set an example; to follow an example
* a surname, Xing

#### Synonyms

* (penalty): 刑罰／刑罚 (xíngfá)
* (corporal punishment): 體罰／体罚 (tǐfá)
* (to slaughter):
* 剿戮 (jiǎolù) (archaic)
* 屠宰 (túzǎi) (an animal for food)
* 屠戮 (túlù) (literary)
* 屠殺 / 屠杀 (túshā) (in large numbers)
* 慘殺 / 惨杀 (cǎnshā) (to kill in cold blood)
* 故意殺人 / 故意杀人 (gùyì shārén) (law, mainland China)
* 殘殺 / 残杀 (cánshā)
* 殛斃 / 殛毙 (jíbì) (literary)
* 殺 / 杀
* 殺人 / 杀人 (shārén) (to kill someone)
* 殺害 / 杀害 (shāhài)
* 殺戮 / 杀戮 (shālù) (literary)
* 殺死 / 杀死 (shāsǐ)
* 解決 / 解决 (jiějué) (euphemism)
* 誅殺 / 诛杀 (zhūshā) (literary)
* 謀殺 / 谋杀 (móushā)
* 辦 / 办 (bàn) (euphemism)

### Compounds

* 上刑 (shàngxíng)
* 主刑 (zhǔxíng)
* 九刑
* 五刑 (wǔxíng)
* 免刑
* 八刑
* 典刑 (diǎnxíng)
* 刑事 (xíngshì)
* 刑事主權 / 刑事主权
* 刑事學 / 刑事学
* 刑事局 (Xíngshìjú)
* 刑事案
* 刑事犯
* 刑事訴訟 / 刑事诉讼
* 刑事調查 / 刑事调查
* 刑事警察 (xíngshì jǐngchá)
* 刑事責任 / 刑事责任 (xíngshì zérèn)
* 刑于
* 刑人 (xíngrén)
* 刑具 (xíngjù)
* 刖刑
* 刑剋 / 刑克
* 刑名
* 刑問 / 刑问 (xíngwèn)
* 刑器
* 刑場 / 刑场 (xíngchǎng)
* 刑天 (Xíngtiān)
* 刑官
* 刑席
* 刑庭 (xíngtíng)
* 刑律
* 刑憲 / 刑宪
* 刑戮 (xínglù)
* 刑房 (xíngfáng)
* 刑政
* 刑書 / 刑书
* 刑期 (xíngqī)
* 刑期無刑 / 刑期无刑
* 刑杖
* 刑案
* 刑求 (xíngqiú)
* 刑法
* 刑法學 / 刑法学
* 刑清
* 刑網 / 刑网
* 刑罰 / 刑罚 (xíngfá)
* 刑臣
* 刑訊 / 刑讯 (xíngxùn)
* 刑警 (xíngjǐng)
* 刑警隊 / 刑警队
* 刑責 / 刑责
* 刑賞 / 刑赏
* 刑辟
* 刑部 (Xíngbù)
* 刑部尚書 / 刑部尚书
* 刑錯 / 刑错
* 刑餘 / 刑余
* 刑馬作誓 / 刑马作誓
* 刑鼎
* 判刑 (pànxíng)
* 剮刑 / 剐刑 (guǎxíng)
* 加刑 (jiāxíng)
* 動刑 / 动刑 (dòngxíng)
* 受刑 (shòuxíng)
* 受刑人
* 嚴刑 / 严刑 (yánxíng)
* 嚴刑峻法 / 严刑峻法 (yánxíngjùnfǎ)
* 土刑
* 報應刑 / 报应刑
* 大刑 (dàxíng)
* 天刑
* 官刑
* 宮刑 / 宫刑 (gōngxíng)
* 寬刑省法 / 宽刑省法
* 常刑 (chángxíng)
* 徒刑 (túxíng)
* 從刑 / 从刑 (cóngxíng)
* 恤刑
* 慎刑
* 懷刑 / 怀刑
* 扑作教刑
* 挺刑
* 政簡刑清 / 政简刑清
* 斬刑 / 斩刑
* 明刑
* 明刑弼教
* 易刑處分 / 易刑处分
* 明正典刑
* 晉鑄刑鼎 / 晋铸刑鼎
* 有期徒刑 (yǒuqī túxíng)
* 服刑 (fúxíng)
* 極刑 / 极刑 (jíxíng)
* 死刑 (sǐxíng)
* 毒刑
* 決獄斷刑 / 决狱断刑
* 流刑 (liúxíng)
* 淫刑
* 減刑 / 减刑 (jiǎnxíng)
* 濫刑 / 滥刑 (lànxíng)
* 炮烙之刑
* 焚如之刑
* 無期徒刑 / 无期徒刑 (wúqī túxíng)
* 熬刑
* 特別刑法 / 特别刑法 (tèbié xíngfǎ)
* 理刑官
* 用刑 (yòngxíng)
* 省刑薄斂 / 省刑薄敛
* 磔刑
* 祥刑
* 私刑 (sīxíng)
* 科刑 (kēxíng)
* 竹刑
* 笞刑
* 絞刑 / 绞刑 (jiǎoxíng)
* 緩刑 / 缓刑 (huǎnxíng)
* 繁刑重斂 / 繁刑重敛
* 繁刑重賦 / 繁刑重赋
* 罪刑 (zuìxíng)
* 義刑義殺 / 义刑义杀
* 肆刑
* 肉刑 (ròuxíng)
* 能力刑
* 腐刑 (fǔxíng)
* 臨刑 / 临刑 (línxíng)
* 自由刑 (zìyóuxíng)
* 苦刑 (kǔxíng)
* 處刑 / 处刑 (chǔxíng)
* 行刑 (xíngxíng)
* 行刑場 / 行刑场
* 詳刑 / 详刑
* 象刑
* 財產刑 / 财产刑
* 贖刑 / 赎刑
* 輕刑 / 轻刑
* 逃刑
* 遣刑
* 酷刑 (kùxíng)
* 量刑 (liàngxíng)
* 附加刑 (fùjiāxíng)
* 隆刑峻法
* 電刑 / 电刑 (diànxíng)
* 鞭刑 (biānxíng)
* 墨刑 (mòxíng)

### References

* “刑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “刑”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 265.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 刑 |
| Kyūjitai | 𠛬 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 𠛬)
* penalty, punishment
* to punish
* to execute (to kill as a penalty)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
* Kun: しおき (shioki)、おしおき (oshioki)
* Nanori: のり (nori)

#### Compounds

* 刑(ぎょう)部(ぶ)省(しょう) (gyōbushō)
* 刑(けい)罪(ざい) (keizai)
* 刑(けい)死(し) (keishi)
* 刑(けい)事(じ) (keiji)
* 刑(けい)場(じょう) (keijō)
* 刑(けい)罰(ばつ) (keibatsu)
* 刑(けい)法(ほう) (keihō)
* 刑(けい)務(む)所(しょ) (keimusho)
* 刑(けい)余(よ) (keiyo)
* 刑(けい)吏(り) (keiri)
* 寛(かん)刑(けい) (kankei)
* 求(きゅう)刑(けい) (kyūkei)
* 宮(きゅう)刑(けい) (kyūkei)
* 厳(げん)刑(けい) (genkei)
* 減(げん)刑(けい) (genkei)
* 死(し)刑(けい) (shikei)
* 終(しゅう)身(しん)刑(けい) (shūshinkei)
* 処(しょ)刑(けい) (shokei)
* 磔(たっ)刑(けい) (takkei)
* 笞(ち)刑(けい) (chikei)

### Noun

刑(けい) • (kei)
* punishment

### Suffix

刑(けい) • (-kei)
* punishment; sentence; penalty

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [çʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [형]

### Hanja

Wikisource 刑 (eum 형 (hyeong))
* punishment, penalty
* law

## Vietnamese
### Han character

刑: Hán Nôm readings: hình
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.