# 蠱

| 蠱 | U+8831, &#34865; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8831 |
| ← 蠰 [U+8830] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蠲 → [U+8832] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蠱 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+17, 23 strokes, cangjie input 中戈中戈廿 (LILIT), four-corner 5010$_7$, composition ⿱蟲皿)

#### Derived characters

* 𤅱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1103, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33867
* Dae Jaweon: page 1566, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2906, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8831

## Chinese

* 巫蠱 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 蠱 (Cantonese)
* Gu (poison) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蠱 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 蟲 (“insects”) + 皿 (“container”) – poisonous insects raised in a container.

### Etymology 1

Unclear (Schuessler, 2007).
“Affair” may be related to 故 (OC *kaːs, “happening; incident”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kú
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$
*** Yale: gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kú
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kuX
Rime :
| Character | 蠱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 公戸切 |
| Baxter | kuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蠱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁaʔ/ |
| English | noxious vermin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蠱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4339 |
| Phonetic component | 蠱 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 古 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

蠱
* (historical) a type of artificially cultivated poisonous insect; the one insect remaining in the vessel where toxic insects are allowed to eat each other
    From: Jin dynasty, 陶淵明 (Tao Yuanming), 《搜神後記》
    Shànxiàn yǒu yī jiā shì gǔ, rén dàn qí shíyǐn, wú bù tùxuè sǐ. [Pinyin]
    In Shàn County, there is a family who produces gǔ. When people ate their [the family's] food, all died vomiting blood.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) insect that grows on rotting grain; pest; vermin
    From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
    Sùmǐ yìrè shēng gǔ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) hot, noxious air that harms people; miasma
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Èr nián, chūfú, yǐ gǒu yù gǔ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to entice; to bewitch
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
    Kǒng Qiū shèngróng xiūshì yǐ gǔ shì, xiángē gǔwǔ yǐ jù tú. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 1921, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), 《阿Q正傳》 (The True Story of Ah Q), translation based on Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang
    Jiǎshǐ xiǎo nígū de liǎnshang bù huánì, Ā-Q biàn bùzhìyú bèi gǔ, yòu jiǎshǐ xiǎo nígū de liǎnshang gài yī céng bù, ā-Q biàn yě bùzhìyú bèi gǔ le. [Pinyin]
    If the little nun's face had not been soft and smooth, Ah Q would not have been bewitched by her; nor would this have happened if the little nun's face had been covered by a cloth.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) malevolent sorcery, including charms, curses and prayers to evil spirits
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Qiū qīyuè, àndàohóu Hán Yuè, shǐzhě Jiāng Chōng děng jué gǔ tàizǐ gōng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) affair; matter
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Gàn mǔ zhī gǔ, bùkě zhēn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* 18th hexagram of the I Ching (䷑)

#### Compounds

* 下蠱 / 下蛊
* 不蠱 / 不蛊
* 厭蠱 / 厌蛊
* 古蠱 / 古蛊
* 吹蠱 / 吹蛊
* 埋蠱 / 埋蛊
* 妖蠱 / 妖蛊
* 巫蠱 / 巫蛊
* 巫蠱之獄 / 巫蛊之狱
* 巫蠱之禍 / 巫蛊之祸
* 幹父之蠱 / 干父之蛊
* 幹蠱 / 干蛊
* 庶蠱 / 庶蛊
* 惑蠱 / 惑蛊
* 振蠱 / 振蛊
* 掘蠱 / 掘蛊
* 整蠱 / 整蛊 (zhěnggǔ)
* 毒蠱 / 毒蛊
* 氣蠱 / 气蛊
* 水蠱病 / 水蛊病
* 沈蠱
* 淫蠱 / 淫蛊
* 無過蠱 / 无过蛊
* 狂蠱 / 狂蛊
* 狐蠱 / 狐蛊
* 病蠱 / 病蛊
* 瘇蠱 / 瘇蛊
* 瘵蠱 / 瘵蛊
* 禦蠱 / 御蛊
* 簧蠱 / 簧蛊
* 蛇蠱 / 蛇蛊
* 蝨蠱 / 虱蛊
* 蠱主 / 蛊主
* 蠱事 / 蛊事
* 蠱佞 / 蛊佞
* 蠱偽 / 蛊伪
* 蠱厭 / 蛊厌
* 蠱喪 / 蛊丧
* 蠱壞 / 蛊坏
* 蠱尾 / 蛊尾
* 蠱師 / 蛊师
* 蠱幹 / 蛊干
* 蠱廢 / 蛊废
* 蠱弊 / 蛊弊
* 蠱心喪志 / 蛊心丧志
* 蠱惑 / 蛊惑 (gǔhuò)
* 蠱惑人心 / 蛊惑人心
* 蠱慝 / 蛊慝
* 蠱敝 / 蛊敝
* 蠱晦 / 蛊晦
* 蠱殺 / 蛊杀
* 蠱毒 / 蛊毒 (gǔdú)
* 蠱毒犀 / 蛊毒犀
* 蠱氣 / 蛊气
* 蠱溺 / 蛊溺
* 蠱獄 / 蛊狱
* 蠱疾 / 蛊疾
* 蠱癥 / 蛊症
* 蠱祝 / 蛊祝 (gǔzhòu)
* 蠱脹 / 蛊胀
* 蠱膈 / 蛊膈
* 蠱菑 / 蛊菑
* 蠱蕩 / 蛊荡
* 蠱蚘 / 蛊蚘
* 蠱蝕 / 蛊蚀
* 蠱蟲 / 蛊虫
* 蠱蠹 / 蛊蠹
* 蠱術 / 蛊术 (gǔshù)
* 蠱誘 / 蛊诱
* 蠱道 / 蛊道
* 蠱雕 / 蛊雕
* 裕蠱 / 裕蛊
* 讒蠱 / 谗蛊
* 貞蠱 / 贞蛊
* 踏影蠱 / 踏影蛊
* 避蠱 / 避蛊
* 食蠱 / 食蛊
* 飭蠱 / 饬蛊
* 魘蠱 / 魇蛊

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yě, gǔ (ye$^3$, gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ, ㄍㄨˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yě
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yě
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^3$
*** Yale: yě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yee
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

蠱
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 冶 (yě, “bewitchingly pretty; seductive”)

#### Compounds

* 蠱冶 / 蛊冶
* 蠱媚 / 蛊媚

### References

* “蠱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こ (ko)、や (ya)
* Kun: そこなう (sokonau, 蠱なう)、まじない (majinai, 蠱い)、まどわす (madowasu, 蠱す)、こびる (kobiru)

## Korean
### Hanja

蠱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.