# 尹

| 尹 | U+5C39, &#23609; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C39 |
| ← 尸 [U+5C38] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 尺 → [U+5C3A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

尹 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 尸大 (SK) or 難尸大 (XSK), four-corner 1750$_7$, composition ⿻コ𠂇)

#### Derived characters

* 伊 吚 䪳 㖐 笋 芛
* 𡰧 𡛂 𣲫 𡱉 𤣹 𧉅 𨊼 𨥠 𩉥 𩨫 𨳬 𪱛 𢁨 𢂜
* 𫥃 𭐵 𫵗 𭥞 𭨭 𭮅 𭴏 𭾥 𬥒 𬳪

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7631
* Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 964, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5C39

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尹 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| Oracle bone scriptj05759j05760j05761j05762j05763j05764j05765j05766j05767j05768j05769j05770j05771j05772j05773j05774j05775j05776j05777j05778j05779j05780j05781j05782j05783j05784j05785j05786j05787j05788j05789j05790j05791j05792j05793j05794j05795j05796j05797j05798j05799j05800j05801j05802j05803j05804j05805j05806j05807j05808j05809j05810j05811Bronze inscriptionsb03931b03932b03933b03934b03935b03936b03937b03938b03939b03940b03941b03942b03943b03944b03945b03946b03947b03948b03949b03950b03951b03952b03953b03954b03955b03956b03957b03958b03959b03960b03961b03962b03963b03964b03965b03966b03967b03968b03969b03970b03971b03972b03973Small seal scripts02172Transcribed ancient scriptsL34631L34632L34633L34634L34635L34636L34637L34638L34639L34640L34641L34642L15606L15607L15608L15609L15610L15611L15612L15613L15614L15615L15616L15617L15618L15619L15620L15621L15622L15623L15624L15625L15626 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 芛 | *ɢʷelʔ, *ɢʷid |
| 伊 | *qlil |
| 咿 | *qlil |
| 蛜 | *qlil |
| 笋 | *sɢʷinʔ |
| 尹 | *ɢʷlinʔ |
A hand holding a rod, similar to 事 and 支.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐn (yin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wan$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vun$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yún
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yun$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ún / ín
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ng$^2$ / eng$^2$ / êng$^2$ / ing$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^3$
*** Yale: yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^5$
*** Yale: wáhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /vun²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /iun⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ún
*** Tâi-lô: ún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uon
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /un⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /un⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ín
*** Tâi-lô: ín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ien
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ng$^2$ / eng$^2$ / êng$^2$ / ing$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ńg / ṳ́ng / éng / íng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ⁵²/, /ɯŋ⁵²/, /eŋ⁵²/, /iŋ⁵²/
* ng2 - Chaozhou;
* eng2 - Shantou, Raoping;
* êng2 - Jieyang;
* ing2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit尹 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /in²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /in²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /in¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə̃⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /in⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iẽ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iə̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ĩn⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /yn⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /in⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ĩ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /in²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /in²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ĩŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /iŋ⁵³/ /ɦiŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦin³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠oŋ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yn⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yn⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /in²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iun⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐn²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɐn³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɐn¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /in⁵³/ /un⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /œyŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ɯŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zin³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ywinX
Rime :
| Character | 尹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余準切 |
| Baxter | ywinX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiuɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /juen$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /iuĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭuĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯uĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǔn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qurʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷlinʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 尹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ywin$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-qurʔ/ |
| English | govern; governor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 尹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15300 |
| Phonetic component | 尹 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尹 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷlinʔ/ |

### Definitions

尹
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to govern; oversee
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) director
* a surname
    尹志平 ― Yǐn Zhìpíng ― Yin Zhiping (famous Jin and Yuan Dynasty Taoist philosopher)

### Compounds

* 尹吉甫
* 尹文子
* 尹邢避面
* 尹集 (Yǐnjí)
* 尹霍夫池
* 京尹
* 京兆尹 (Jīngzhào Yǐn)
* 令尹 (lìngyǐn)
* 奄尹
* 師尹 / 师尹
* 府尹 (fǔyǐn)
* 版尹
* 箴尹
* 縣尹 / 县尹
* 詹尹
* 關尹 / 关尹

### References

* “尹”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
* “尹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “尹”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 285.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* director (of the ritsuryō-period Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): いん (in)
* Kun: おさ (osa, 尹)、ただす (tadasu, 尹す)
* Nanori: い (i)、おさむ (osamu)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、のぶ (nobu)、まこと (makoto)、まさ (masa)

## Korean
### Hanja

尹 (eumhun 성 윤 (seong yun))
* a surname

## Vietnamese
### Han character

尹: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation