# 莫

| 莫 | U+83AB, &#33707; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB |
| ← 莪 [U+83AA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莬 → [U+83AC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 4443$_0$, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

#### Derived characters

* 嗼, 塻, 嫫, 𡻟, 幙, 慔, 摸, 漠, 獏, 暯, 膜, 模, 氁, 㷬, 𭷱, 𬎇, 𮂓, 瞙, 糢, 𮖪, 縸(𫄲), 蟆, 謨(谟), 貘, 𧷸, 𨢢, 鏌(镆), 𩌧, 饃(馍), 䮬, 𩻁, 𪍤(𬹍), 𠢓, 鄚, 𮍅, 𪅐
* 寞, 𢊗, 瘼, 𩄻, 鬕, 募, 𠻚, 墓, 𡖶, 𡠜, 幕, 摹, 暮, 㱳, 慕, 𬑤, 蟇, 謩, 驀(蓦), 𡈗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
* Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
* Unihan data for U+83AB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 莫 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蟆 | *mraː |
| 鬕 | *mraːɡs |
| 饃 | *maːl |
| 模 | *maː |
| 摸 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 嫫 | *maː |
| 謨 | *maː |
| 膜 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 摹 | *maː |
| 暮 | *maːɡs |
| 慕 | *maːɡs |
| 募 | *maːɡs |
| 墓 | *maːɡs |
| 慔 | *maːɡs |
| 莫 | *maːɡ |
| 寞 | *maːɡ |
| 漠 | *maːɡ |
| 幕 | *maːɡ |
| 鏌 | *maːɡ |
| 瘼 | *maːɡ |
| 鄚 | *maːɡ |
| 瞙 | *maːɡ |
| 嗼 | *maːɡ, *mraːɡ |
| 塻 | *maːɡ |
| 貘 | *mraːɡ |
| 驀 | *mraːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).
The bottom was later distorted into 大.

### Etymology 1

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). For the same type of derivation, see the relationship of 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”) and 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mo$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mok$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mot$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mo̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): mog$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mog$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): mŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ̤h / mŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / bo̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mog$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): mog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$moq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mo$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mo$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mo
*** Sinological IPA : /mo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mok$^6$
*** Yale: mohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːk̚²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mot$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɵt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: mog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /mok̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mog$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /mok²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /maʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h / mŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /moʔ⁵/, /mouʔ⁵/
* mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
* mŏk - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit莫 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mo⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /mɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /mo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /mə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /mə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /mo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /mo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /muə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /mə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /mɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /mo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /mo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /mo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /mo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /moʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /mɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /maʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /mʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /maʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /moʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /noʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /moʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /mo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /mo¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mo²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /mo²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɔʔ²/ /mɵʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mok̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /mok̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɔk̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /mɔk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /mɔk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /moʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /mz̩²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /mok̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /vo³³/ 不要 /mo³³/ 姓 |
* Middle Chinese: mak
Rime :
| Character | 莫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 慕各切 |
| Baxter | mak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 莫 | 莫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mò | mò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mak › | ‹ mak › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁak/ | /*mˁak/ |
| English | there is no X such that X | deliberate (v.) (loan) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9252 |
| Phonetic component | 莫 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 莫 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːɡ/ |
| Notes | 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲 |

#### Definitions

莫
* (literary) none; nothing; not anything
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Mò wǒ zhī yě fū!” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me."
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Zài tiān zhě mò míng yú rì yuè. [Pinyin]
    In the sky, there is nothing brighter than the Sun and the Moon.
* (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not
    莫做聲！／莫做声！ [dialectal Mandarin] ― Mò zuòshēng! [Pinyin] ― Keep quiet! (literally, “Don't make a sound!”)
       mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ $^{(s-)}$lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
       Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.
    你莫腿囉。／你莫腿啰。 [Xiang] ― nyi$^3$ mo$^6$ tei$^3$ lo [Wiktionary] ― You don't joke.
    發生火災莫驚慌／发生火灾莫惊慌 ― fāshēng huǒzāi mò jīnghuāng ― Don't be panicked when conflagration happens
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Mò wéi dào! Mò wéi shārén! [Pinyin]
    Don't steal! Don't kill!
    From: 752, Li Bai, 《將進酒》
    Rénshēng déyì xū jìn huān, mò shǐ jīnzūn kōng duì yuè. [Pinyin]
    In life, fully enjoy yourself when you are delighted; do not allow an empty goblet to face the moon.
* particle indicating a rhetorical question
* a surname

#### Notes

In Classical Chinese, negatives like 莫 often invert the object before the verb. Example: 莫之令 "None commands them".

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 勿, 莫$_1$, 毋, 無 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 別, 別價 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 別, 不要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 別 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 不要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不要 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 別 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 嫑, 甭$_1$, 休 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 嫑, 不要 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嫑, 不敢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 嫑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 嫑, 休 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 不要 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 嫑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 莫$_1$, 不要, 嫑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 莫$_1$, 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 不要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 莫$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 莫$_1$, 莫要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 莫$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 不要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 莫$_1$, 不要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 別, 不要 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪, 咪個, 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咪, 唔好, 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 唔要 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 咪, 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 咪, 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 莫$_1$, 無好 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 毛 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冇要 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咪, 唔好 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 莫$_1$ |
| Gan | Lichuan | 毋要, 不要 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 不要 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 莫$_1$, 毋愛, 毋好 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 毋愛 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 毋要, 毋敢 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 毋愛 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 唔愛 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 不要, 嫑 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 不要, 嫑 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 不要, 嫑 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不要, 不敢 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 不要, 嫑, 播 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 伓敢 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 伓通, 毋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 伓通 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 毋通, 毋愛, 莫$_2$, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 毋通, 毋愛, 甭$_2$, 莫用, 汰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 毋通, 莫$_2$, 甭$_2$, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 莫去 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 毋通, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 莫$_2$, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 莫$_2$, 毋通, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 莫$_2$, 毋通, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋通, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 別 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Teochew) | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 莫$_2$, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 無地 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 無用, 莫$_2$, 無莫 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 無用 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無用 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冇要 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿要, 𧟰 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 拗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 𧟰 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 拗, 拗要, 弗要 |
| Wu | Danyang | 弗要, 𫸻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 嫑 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 弗要, 消, 𧟰 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 莫, 甮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wu | Lishui | ⿰毋樂 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | ⿰否樂 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 莫$_1$, 不要 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 不要, 莫$_1$ |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 莫$_1$ |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 別 |

#### Compounds

* 一籌莫展 / 一筹莫展 (yīchóumòzhǎn)
* 八莫 (Bāmò)
* 公莫舞
* 兵機莫測 / 兵机莫测
* 切莫 (qièmò)
* 半籌莫展 / 半筹莫展
* 噬臍莫及 / 噬脐莫及
* 干將莫邪 (gānjiāng-mòyé)
* 廣莫門 / 广莫门
* 廣莫風 / 广莫风
* 後悔莫及 / 后悔莫及 (hòuhuǐmòjí)
* 德音莫違 / 德音莫违
* 悔之莫及 (huǐzhīmòjí)
* 愛莫之助 / 爱莫之助
* 愛莫能助 / 爱莫能助 (àimònéngzhù)
* 折莫
* 敢莫是
* 望塵莫及 / 望尘莫及 (wàngchénmòjí)
* 杖莫如信
* 概莫能外 (gàimònéngwài)
* 欽佩莫名 / 钦佩莫名
* 沉冤莫白
* 無適無莫 / 无适无莫
* 玄妙莫測 / 玄妙莫测
* 百口莫辯 / 百口莫辩 (bǎikǒumòbiàn)
* 百喙莫辯 / 百喙莫辩 (bǎihuìmòbiàn)
* 百思莫解
* 百身莫贖 / 百身莫赎
* 百辭莫辯 / 百辞莫辩
* 相視莫逆 / 相视莫逆
* 真偽莫辨 / 真伪莫辨
* 眾寡莫敵 / 众寡莫敌
* 神機莫測 / 神机莫测
* 神祕莫測 / 神秘莫测 (shénmìmòcè)
* 神鬼莫測 / 神鬼莫测
* 萬夫莫敵 / 万夫莫敌
* 萬夫莫當 / 万夫莫当
* 窮寇莫追 / 穷寇莫追
* 罪莫大焉
* 舉世莫比 / 举世莫比
* 莫三比克 (Mòsānbǐkè)
* 莫不 (mòbù)
* 莫不是 (mòbùshì)
* 莫之與京 / 莫之与京 (mòzhīyǔjīng)
* 莫予毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
* 莫余毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
* 莫可名狀 / 莫可名状
* 莫可奈何
* 莫名 (mòmíng)
* 莫名其妙 (mòmíngqímiào)
* 莫報萬一 / 莫报万一 (mò bào wànyī)
* 莫大 (mòdà)
* 莫如 (mòrú)
* 莫展一籌 / 莫展一筹
* 莫干山 (Mògān Shān)
* 莫得
* 莫怪
* 莫愁
* 莫愁湖
* 莫措手足
* 莫教
* 莫敢是
* 莫敢誰何 / 莫敢谁何 (mògǎn-shuíhé)
* 莫斯科 (Mòsīkē)
* 莫明其妙 (mòmíngqímiào)
* 莫是
* 莫曼斯克
* 莫此為甚 / 莫此为甚
* 莫比
* 莫測 / 莫测 (mòcè)
* 莫測高深 / 莫测高深 (mòcègāoshēn)
* 莫當 / 莫当 (mòdāng)
* 莫知所措
* 莫知所為 / 莫知所为
* 莫知所謂 / 莫知所谓
* 莫耳 (mò'ěr)
* 莫若 (mòruò)
* 莫衷一是 (mòzhōngyīshì)
* 莫衷壹是
* 莫說 / 莫说
* 莫辨楮葉 / 莫辨楮叶
* 莫逆 (mònì)
* 莫逆之交 (mònìzhījiāo)
* 莫逆之友
* 莫逆之契
* 莫逆交
* 莫過 / 莫过
* 莫道
* 莫邪 (Mòyé)
* 莫難道 / 莫难道
* 莫非 (mòfēi)
* 莫須有 / 莫须有 (mòxūyǒu)
* 莫顯 / 莫显
* 莫高 (Mògāo)
* 莫高窟 (Mògāokū)
* 著莫
* 落莫 (luòmò)
* 諱莫如深 / 讳莫如深 (huìmòrúshēn)
* 變化莫測 / 变化莫测 (biànhuàmòcè)
* 變幻莫測 / 变幻莫测 (biànhuànmòcè)
* 遮莫
* 針餌莫減 / 针饵莫减
* 錯莫 / 错莫
* 門高莫對 / 门高莫对
* 雌雄莫辨
* 鞭長莫及 / 鞭长莫及 (biānchángmòjí)
* 高深莫測 / 高深莫测 (gāoshēnmòcè)
* 鬼神莫測 / 鬼神莫测
* 鬼神莫窺 / 鬼神莫窥

### Etymology 2

Contraction of 毋愛 / 毋爱 (m̄-ài).

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mai$^3$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Penang, Klang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mài
*** Tâi-lô: mài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: maix
*** IPA (Taipei): /mãi¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /mãi²¹/
*** IPA (Penang, Singapore): /mai²¹/
*** IPA (Lukang, Klang): /mãi³¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mài
*** Sinological IPA : /mai²¹³/

#### Definitions

莫 (Southern Min)
* do not; don't; must not
    莫按呢！ [Hokkien] ― Mài án-ne! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Don't do like that!
       Mài koh kóng--ah! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Don't talk about that!
    莫摸我！ [Hokkien] ― Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Don't touch me!
* to not want

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 勿, 莫$_1$, 毋, 無 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 別, 別價 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 別, 不要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 別 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 不要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不要 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 別 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 嫑, 甭$_1$, 休 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 嫑, 不要 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嫑, 不敢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 嫑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 嫑, 休 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 不要 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 嫑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 莫$_1$, 不要, 嫑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 莫$_1$, 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 不要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 莫$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 莫$_1$, 莫要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 莫$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 不要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 莫$_1$, 不要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 別, 不要 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪, 咪個, 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咪, 唔好, 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 唔要 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 咪, 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 咪, 唔好 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 莫$_1$, 無好 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 毛 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冇要 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咪 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咪, 唔好 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 莫$_1$ |
| Gan | Lichuan | 毋要, 不要 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 不要 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 莫$_1$, 毋愛, 毋好 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 毋愛 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 毋要, 毋敢 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 毋要 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 毋愛 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 毋好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 唔愛 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 不要, 嫑 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 不要, 嫑 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 不要, 嫑 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不要, 不敢 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 不要, 嫑, 播 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 伓敢 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 伓通, 毋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 伓通 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 毋通, 毋愛, 莫$_2$, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 毋通, 毋愛, 甭$_2$, 莫用, 汰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 毋通, 莫$_2$, 甭$_2$, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 莫去 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 毋通, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 莫$_2$, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 莫$_2$, 毋通, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 莫$_2$, 毋通, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋通, 甭$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 別 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬, 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Teochew) | 莫$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 莫$_2$, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 無地 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 無用, 莫$_2$, 無莫 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 無用 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無用 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冇要 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿要, 𧟰 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 拗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 𧟰 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 拗, 拗要, 弗要 |
| Wu | Danyang | 弗要, 𫸻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 嫑 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 弗要, 消, 𧟰 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 莫, 甮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wu | Lishui | ⿰毋樂 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | ⿰否樂 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 莫$_1$, 不要 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 不要, 莫$_1$ |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 莫$_1$ |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 別 |

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mù (mu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mù
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$
*** Yale: mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^6$
*** Yale: mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²²/

#### Definitions

莫
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
    From: 合29807
    Qí mù bù gòu yǔ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Yǐnjiǔ zhī jié, zhāo bù fèi zhāo, mù bù fèi xī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of vegetable
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐ Fén jǔrù, yán cǎi qí mù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Compounds

* 莫春
* 莫景
* 闇莫 / 暗莫

### References

* “莫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* late
* end
* not be
* must not

#### Readings

* Go-on: も (mo)、まく (maku)
* Kan-on: ぼ (bo)、ばく (baku)
* Kun: くれ (kure, 莫れ)、ない (nai, 莫い)、なかれ (nakare, 莫れ)
* Nanori: さだむ (sadamu)

## Korean
### Hanja

莫 (eumhun 없을 막 (eopseul mak))
* hanja form of 막 (“do not, is not, cannot”)
莫 (eumhun 저물 모 (jeomul mo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))
莫: Nôm readings: mác, mạc, mếch

### Proper noun

莫
* chữ Hán form of Mạc (“a surname from Chinese”).

#### Derived terms

* 茹莫 (nhà Mạc)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).