# 棉

| 棉 | U+68C9, &#26825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68C9 |
| ← 棈 [U+68C8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棊 → [U+68CA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棉 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木竹日月 (DHAB), four-corner 4692$_7$, composition ⿰木帛)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14919
* Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1234, character 3
* Unihan data for U+68C9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 綿 | *men |
| 棉 | *men |
| 緜 | *men |
| 矊 | *men |
Variant of 綿 by replacing 糸 with 木 (裘錫圭：《文字學概要（修訂本）》, p222).

### Etymology

Attested late, in Tang dynasty; unless Shijing’s 綿蠻 (OC *men mroːn, “tiny, delicate”) (according to Mao Commentary) is derived from "cotton" (Schuessler, 2007).
Etymology unclear, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007)? Tibetan བལ། (bal) is cognate to either this or 蟠 (OC *baːn, *ban, “to coil, to curl”) (ibid.).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mián (mian$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mian$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mièn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miên$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): mîng
* Eastern Min (BUC): mièng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): biân / mî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mi$^5$ / miang$^5$ / miêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mienn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mián
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mián
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^2$
*** Yale: myán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mian
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mian$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mian
*** Sinological IPA : /miɛn²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^4$
*** Yale: mìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: mien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯en¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: miên$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /miɛn¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mîng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mièng
*** Sinological IPA : /mieŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biân
*** Tâi-lô: biân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bieen
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /biɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
*** Tâi-lô: mî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /mĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³/
* biân - literary;
* mî - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit棉 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /mian²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /mian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /miã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /miã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /mian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /miã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /miã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /mian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /miɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /mian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /miɛn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /mian³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /mian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /miɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /mien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /miĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /mie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /mie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /mie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /mi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /miɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /miẽ̞²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /mi³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /me⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /miɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /miẽ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /miẽ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /miɛn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mien¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /mein¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /min²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /min²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /min²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bian³⁵/ /mi³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mieŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /miŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /miaŋ⁵⁵/ /mĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /min³¹/ /mi³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: mjien
Rime :
| Character | 棉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武延切 |
| Baxter | mjien |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mian/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*men/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9049 |
| Phonetic component | 綿 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緜 |
| Old Chinese | /*men/ |
| Notes | 綿分化字 |

### Definitions

棉
* kapok (tree, fiber)
    木棉 ― mùmián ― kapok
* cotton (tree, fiber)
    樹棉／树棉 ― shùmián ― Gossypium hirsutum (tree cotton)
    棉衣 ― miányī ― cotton-padded clothing
    From: Du You, Tongdian, 766 – 801 CE
    Qīngyuán jùn...... Xī zhì Miántián cūn èrbǎi bāshí wǔ lǐ. [Pinyin]
    Qingyuan commandery: [...], 285-li away from the Cotton-Field hamlet to the west.
* cotton-like material
    石棉 ― shímián ― asbestos
* a surname, Mian

#### Synonyms

* (cotton):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 棉花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 棉花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 棉花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 棉花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 棉花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 棉花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 棉花, 花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 棉花, 棉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 棉花, 花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 棉花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 棉花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 棉花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 棉花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 棉花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 棉花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 棉花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 棉花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 棉花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 棉花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 棉花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 棉花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 棉花, 棉 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 棉花 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 棉花 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 棉花 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 棉花 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 棉花 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 棉花 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 棉仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 棉仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 棉花, 棉仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 棉 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 棉仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 棉仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 棉花 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 棉花 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 棉花 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 棉花 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 棉花 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 棉花, 棉 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 棉花 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 棉花 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 棉花 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 棉仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 棉花 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 棉 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 棉花 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 棉花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 棉花, 花 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 棉花 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 棉花 |
| Wu | Danyang | 棉花 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 棉花 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 棉花, 花 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 棉花 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 棉花 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 棉花 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 棉花 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 棉花 |

#### Compounds

* 原棉
* 四兩棉花 / 四两棉花
* 大陸棉 / 大陆棉
* 岩棉
* 摘棉花
* 木棉 (mùmián)
* 木棉花
* 棉婚
* 棉布 (miánbù)
* 棉布婚
* 棉手籠 / 棉手笼
* 棉桃 (miántáo)
* 棉條 / 棉条 (miántiáo)
* 棉猴兒 / 棉猴儿
* 棉球
* 棉田
* 棉籽 (miánzǐ)
* 棉紡 / 棉纺 (miánfǎng)
* 棉紙 / 棉纸
* 棉紗 / 棉纱 (miánshā)
* 棉絮 (miánxù)
* 棉線 / 棉线 (miánxiàn)
* 棉織品 / 棉织品
* 棉纖維 / 棉纤维
* 棉花
* 棉花嘴
* 棉花火藥 / 棉花火药
* 棉花糖 (miánhuātáng)
* 棉花絨 / 棉花绒
* 棉花耳朵
* 棉花胎 (miánhuātāi)
* 棉薄之力
* 棉蘭老 / 棉兰老 (Miánlánlǎo)
* 棉袍
* 棉被 (miánbèi)
* 棉被窩 / 棉被窝
* 棉襖 / 棉袄 (mián'ǎo)
* 棉襪 / 棉袜
* 棉都
* 棉鈴 / 棉铃 (miánlíng)
* 泡棉
* 班迭棉吉 (Bāndié Miánjí)
* 皮棉
* 石棉 (shímián)
* 石棉瓦
* 石棉症
* 紅棉 / 红棉 (hóngmián)
* 純棉 / 纯棉 (chúnmián)
* 紡棉花 / 纺棉花
* 絲光棉 / 丝光棉
* 絲棉 / 丝棉 (sīmián)
* 脫脂棉 / 脱脂棉
* 草棉 (cǎomián)
* 藥棉 / 药棉
* 軋棉 / 轧棉 (yàmián)
* 高棉 (Gāomián)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* cotton
* batting, stuffing

#### Readings

* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: べん (ben)
* Kun: わた (wata, 棉)

#### Usage notes

This is a non-standard variant in Japanese for the character 綿. Note the difference in radical: 棉 has the 木 or tree radical, while 綿 has the 糸 or thread radical.

## Korean
### Hanja

棉 (eum 면 (myeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棉: Hán Nôm readings: miên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.