# 戌

| 戌 | U+620C, &#25100; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-620C |
| ← 戋 [U+620B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 戍 → [U+620D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

戌 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一 (IHM), four-corner 5320$_0$, composition ⿵戊一(GHTJK) or ⿹戈⿰丿一(V))

#### Descendants

* 㖅, 㤜, 𢬮, 䢕, 𣧵, 𤇳, 珬, 𥅜, 𧧐, 𧻗, 銊(𫓰), 䬄, 𪉇, 𦐴, 𦮠, 𥅛, 咸, 威, 烕, 𢦹, 嵗, 歲, 歳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 411, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11535
* Dae Jaweon: page 752, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1398, character 1
* Unihan data for U+620C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戌 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 滅 | *med |
| 搣 | *med |
| 烕 | *hmed |
| 戌 | *smid |
| 珬 | *smid |
| 銊 | *smid |
Pictogram (象形) of an axe or halberd, almost identical to 戊 and similar to 戈.

### Etymology 1

Smith (2011) proposes that 戌 (OC *smid), graphically depicting an ax or halberd, is a nominal derivative of the verb 滅 (OC *med) "to annihilate" "by the multivalent prefix *s- (‘annihilate’ > ‘annihilator’ and thus ‘axe’)", and it was used to name the late, broad waxing crescent moon.
Association with the dog was possibly arbitrary, just as how 辰 was associated arbitarily with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xū (xu$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xuo$^2$ / xu$^4$ / xu$^1$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): si̊q / sü̊q
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seot$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sut
    (Hailu, HRS): sud
* Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soh$^6$ / suoh$^6$ / soeh$^6$ / syeh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sut
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sug$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xū
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syu
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^1$
*** Yale: syū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xuo$^2$ / xu$^4$ / xu$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiuo / xy / xy
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyo²¹/, /ɕy²¹³/, /ɕy⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: si̊q / sü̊q
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): siq$^5$ / süq$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siʔ⁵/, /syʔ⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seot$^1$
*** Yale: sēut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soet$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêd$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sut
*** Hakka Romanization System: sud$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sud$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sut̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sud
*** Sinological IPA: /sut⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xyeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sók
*** Sinological IPA : /souʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoʔ²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬœʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
*** Tâi-lô: sut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sud
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sug$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suk
*** Sinological IPA : /suk̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$shiq
*** MiniDict: shih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$xiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit戌 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /sy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /sy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕy²¹³/ 新 /ɕi²¹³/ 舊 |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕiu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /syʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕyəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴⁴³⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /siəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕy¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /si²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕyʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sut̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søt̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɐt̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /søt̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sut̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /suk̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tut̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: swit
Rime :
| Character | 戌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 辛聿切 |
| Baxter | swit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seot$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.mi[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smid/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swit › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.mi[t]/ |
| English | 11th earthly branch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13945 |
| Phonetic component | 戌 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 卹 |
| Old Chinese | /*smid/ |

#### Definitions

戌
* eleventh of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
* Dog (狗) of Chinese zodiac

##### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài)

#### Compounds

* 戊戌政變 / 戊戌政变
* 戊戌變法 / 戊戌变法 (Wùxū Biànfǎ)
* 戌削
* 戌時 / 戌时 (xūshí)
* 戌月 (Xūyuè)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qu (qu$^5$／qu$^0$)
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄑㄩ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qu
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyů
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^5$
*** Yale: chyu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .chiu
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy/

#### Definitions

戌
* Only used in 屈戌 (“metal fastening”).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 戌 – see 恤 (“(Cantonese) latch”). (This character is a variant form of 恤).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅち (shuchi)
* Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅつ (jutsu)
* Kun: いぬ (inu, 戌)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 戌
* いぬ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From 犬 (inu, “dog”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いぬ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [inɯ̟]
* Homophones: 犬, 狗

#### Proper noun

戌(いぬ) • (Inu)
* the Dog, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Noun

戌(いぬ) • (inu)
* the hour of the dog; a historical dual-hour equivalent to 7PM - 9PM
** c. 935,: Tosa Nikki (page 3)
    それの年の十二月の二十日あまり一日の日の戌の刻に、門出す。I departed on the twenty and one day of the twelfth month of that year at the hour of the dog.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 戌
* じゅつ Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 戌 (swit).

#### Proper noun

戌(じゅつ) • (Jutsu)
* the Dog, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### References

   * Hasegawa, Masaharu with Yūichirō Imanishi, Hiroshi Itō, Hiroshi Yoshioka (1989) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 24: Tosa Nikki, Kagerō Nikki, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki, Sarashina Nikki, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

戌 (eum 술 (sul))
* 11th terrestrial branch

## Vietnamese
### Han character

戌: Hán Nôm readings: tuất
* chữ Hán form of Tuất (“eleventh of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Compounds

* 丙戌 (Bính Tuất)
* 壬戌 (Nhâm Tuất)
* 庚戌 (Canh Tuất)
* 戊戌 (Mậu Tuất)
* 甲戌 (Giáp Tuất)