# ḥtp
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (verb participle): (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈħaːtip/ → /ˈħaːtip/ → /ˈħaːtəp/ → /ˈħoːtəp/
* (verb participle): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈħaːtip/
* (verb participle): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈħaːtip/
* (verb participle): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈħaːtəp/
* (verb participle): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈħoːtəp/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛtɛp/, /hotɛp/
** Conventional anglicization: hetep, hotep

### Verb

3-lit.
* (intransitive) to be(come) content or satisfied (+ ḥr or m or (rarely, Late Period) r or (rarely, Greco-Roman Period) n: with) [since the Pyramid Texts]
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9: jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.wIf you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
* (transitive, rare) to be(come) content or satisifed with [New Kingdom]
* (intransitive) to be(come) propitious, gracious, favorable, not hostile (+ n: to)
* (intransitive) to be(come) peaceful
** (intransitive) to be(come) peaceable, pacified, propitiated, not hostile (+ n: to)
** (intransitive) to reconcile with each other, to come to terms, to make peace
** (intransitive, of a besieged city) to surrender (+ n: to)
** (intransitive, of natural phenomena) to be(come) peaceful, calm, not stormy or raging
** (intransitive, of years) to be(come) peaceful, not characterized by war
* (intransitive) to (come to) rest, to settle, to (stop and) rest (+ m: in, at (a place); ḥr: upon) [since the Middle Kingdom]
* (intransitive, with r) to come to, to get to (a place) [18th Dynasty and Theban royal tombs]
* (transitive) to assume, to take (a seat or place) [since the Middle Kingdom]
* (transitive) to settle at, in, or on; to rest at (a place) [since the Middle Kingdom]
* (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to set (+ m: on (the horizon), in (the west), etc.)
    Antonym: wbn
* (transitive, rare) to satisfy, to make content [since the Middle Kingdom]
* (transitive, rare) to reconcile (hostile parties) with each other [since the Middle Kingdom]

#### Inflection

infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive$^1$
singular
plural
ḥtp
ḥtpw, ḥtp
ḥtpt
ḥtp
ḥtp
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective$^2$
periphrastic prospective$^2$
ḥtp
ḥr ḥtp
m ḥtp
r ḥtp
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ḥtp.n
ḥtpw, ḥtp
consecutive
ḥtp.jn
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
terminative
ḥtpt
perfective$^3$
ḥtp
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
obligative$^1$
ḥtp.ḫr
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
imperfective
ḥtp
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
prospective$^3$
ḥtp
ḥtpp
potentialis$^1$
ḥtp.kꜣ
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
subjunctive
ḥtp
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ḥtp.n
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
perfective
ḥtp
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
ḥtp
ḥtp, ḥtpw$^5$, ḥtpy$^5$
imperfective
ḥtp, ḥtpy, ḥtpw$^5$
active + .tj$^1$, .tw$^2$
ḥtp, ḥtpj$^6$, ḥtpy$^6$
ḥtp, ḥtpw$^5$
prospective
ḥtp, ḥtptj$^7$
ḥtptj$^4$, ḥtpt$^4$
$^1$ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
$^2$ Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
$^3$ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
$^4$ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
$^5$ Only in the masculine singular.
$^6$ Only in the masculine.
$^7$ Only in the feminine. :

#### Alternative forms

| ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥpt |
| | [since the Old Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] |
| | uncommon | in hieratic | especially in hieratic | occasionally |

#### Derived terms

* jꜥḥ-ḥtp
* jmn-ḥtp
* nfr-ḥtp
* nt-ḥtp
* rꜥ-ḥtp
* ḥtpw
* ḥtp-ḥr.s
* ḥtp-sḫmwj
* ḥtpt
* sbk-ḥtp
* sḥtp

#### Descendants

* Demotic: ḥtp
** Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲡ̄ (hōtp̄), ϩⲱⲡⲧ̄ (hōpt̄)
* → English: hotep

### Noun

m
* peace, lack of war or hostility
** 12th Dynasty, Stela of Amenemhat, British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities, E567:
    ḏd.t(w) n.f jjw m ḥtp jn wrw nw ꜣbḏwMay "welcome in peace" be said to him by the great of Abydos.
* contentment, satisfaction
* graciousness, favorableness, mercy [Middle and New Kingdoms]

#### Alternative forms

| ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtpw | ḥtp |
| [Middle and New Kingdoms] | [New Kingdom] | [since the 18th Dynasty] | [since the 18th Dynasty] | [Late Period] |
| especially in the sense ‘graciousness’ | in the sense ‘graciousness’ |

#### Derived terms

* jj-m-ḥtp
* m ḥtp
* nfr-ḥtp.s
* ḥḏ-ḥtp

### Noun

m
* offering table, altar [since the Pyramid Texts]

#### Alternative forms

| ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp |
| | | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] | [Late Period] |

### Noun

m
* offering, sacrifice, especially of food [since the Pyramid Texts]
** 12th Dynasty, Coffin of Nakht (PM 5999):
    ḥtp ḏj nswt wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ nb-ꜣbḏw […]An offering given by the king and Osiris, the Lord of Djedu, the Elder God, the Lord of Abydos […]

#### Alternative forms

| ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtpw | ḥtp | ḥtp |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [since the Old Kingdom] | [Pyramid Texts] | [since the Pyramid Texts] | [since the Pyramid Texts] |
| | | | | | | | in compounds |
| ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥpt | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtp | ḥtpw |
| [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the 19th Dynasty] | [since the 19th Dynasty] | [since the 19th Dynasty] |
| | | | occasionally |

#### Derived terms

* ḥtp ḏj
* ḥtp ḏj nswt

### Proper noun

m
* a male given name, Hetep or Hotep

### References

* “ḥtp (lemma ID 111230)”, “ḥtp.w (lemma ID 111260)”, “ḥtp (lemma ID 111250)”, “ḥtp (lemma ID 111210)”, “ḥtp (lemma ID 854532)”, and “ḥtp (lemma ID 400024)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 183.4–183.7, 184.6–185.4, 185.21–192.10, 192.17–194.4, 194.7–194.9
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 179–180
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 274.
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 36
* ↑ The Global Egyptian Museum (entry in German)