# 讓

| 讓 | U+8B93, &#35731; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B93 |
| ← 讒 [U+8B92] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 讔 → [U+8B94] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 讓 |
| Shinjitai | 譲 |
| Simplified | 让 |

### Han character

讓 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+17, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜口女 (YRYRV), four-corner 0063$_2$, composition ⿰訁襄)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1187, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36139
* Dae Jaweon: page 1651, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4032, character 7
* Unihan data for U+8B93

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 囊 | *naːŋ |
| 蠰 | *naːŋ, *sraŋ, *hnjaŋs, *njaŋʔ |
| 曩 | *naːŋʔ |
| 灢 | *naːŋʔ, *naːŋs |
| 儾 | *naːŋs |
| 孃 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 瓤 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 鑲 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 釀 | *naŋs |
| 瓖 | *snaŋ, *snaŋ |
| 驤 | *snaŋ |
| 襄 | *snaŋ |
| 纕 | *snaŋ |
| 忀 | *snaŋ |
| 欀 | *snaŋ, *njaŋs |
| 饟 | *hnjaŋ, *hnjaŋʔ, *hnjaŋs |
| 攘 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs |
| 禳 | *njaŋ |
| 穰 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 躟 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 瀼 | *njaŋ |
| 獽 | *njaŋ |
| 儴 | *njaŋ |
| 蘘 | *njaŋ |
| 鬤 | *njaŋ, *rnaːŋ |
| 勷 | *njaŋ |
| 壤 | *njaŋʔ |
| 嚷 | *njaŋʔ |
| 讓 | *njaŋs |
| 懹 | *njaŋs |
| 攮 | *rnoːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njaŋs): semantic 言 + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ) – to criticize; to reproach.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): ràng (rang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): rang$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiong
* Jin (Wiktionary): ron$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): niōng
* Eastern Min (BUC): niông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): niū / niō͘ / niāu / jiōng / liōng / jiāng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niên$^7$ / nion$^7$ / riang$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gnian / $^6$zan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ràng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ràng
*** Wade–Giles: jang$^4$
*** Yale: ràng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ranq
*** Palladius: жан (žan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: rang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhang
*** Sinological IPA : /zaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^6$
*** Yale: yeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiong
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ron$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niōng
*** Sinological IPA : /niɔŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: niông
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡuɔŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niū
*** Tâi-lô: niū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niu
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /niũ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /niũ²²/
*** IPA (Lukang): /niũ³¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /niũ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niō͘
*** Tâi-lô: niōo
*** IPA (Tainan): /niɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃²²/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niāu
*** Tâi-lô: niāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niau
*** IPA (Penang): /niau²¹/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiōng
*** Tâi-lô: jiōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
*** Tâi-lô: liōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiāng
*** Tâi-lô: jiāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziaŋ²²/
* niū/niō͘ - vernacular;
* jiōng/liōng/jiāng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit讓 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʐaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iɑŋ⁵³/ /ʐɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʐaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐaŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʐaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʐɔ̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐɑŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʐɑ̃¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʐɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /naŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /zaŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /zaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʐã̠¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zɒ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʐɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiã³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zɑŋ¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵi²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /nia²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐan⁵⁵/ /ʐan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ian²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɔŋ²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ioŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jœŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jœŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jœŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liɔŋ²²/ /niu²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nuɔŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niɔŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ziaŋ³⁵/ /niõ²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zaŋ³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: nyangH
Rime :
| Character | 讓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人樣切 |
| Baxter | nyangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ràng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*naŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 讓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ràng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*naŋ-s/ |
| English | yield |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 讓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13649 |
| Phonetic component | 襄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 讓 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaŋs/ |

### Etymology 1

The exopassive of 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove”) ("to remove" > ("to remove oneself") > "to yield; to concede").
Cognate with 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove; to steal”), 禳 (OC *njaŋ, “to expel; to sacrifice to expel disasters”), Tibetan གནང (gnang, “to give; to grant”), Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “to confer; to grant”), Burmese နှင် (hnang, “to drive away; to expel”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Definitions

讓
* to allow; to let; to permit
    媽媽不讓我去。／妈妈不让我去。 ― Māma bù ràng wǒ qù. ― Mum won't let me go.
       Ràng wǒmen liánhé yīqǐ bǎ zhè xiàng gōngzuò zuò hǎo. [Pinyin]
       Let's team up to get this task finished.
* to ask (someone to do something); to get (someone to do something); to have (someone do something)
    醫生讓我打針。／医生让我打针。 ― Yīshēng ràng wǒ dǎzhēn. ― The doctor told me to get a shot.
* to yield; to concede
       Dìdi hái xiǎo, nǐ jiù ràng zhe tā yīdiǎn ba. [Pinyin]
       Your brother is still little, why don't you just let him have his way a bit.
* (driving) to yield; to give way
* by (passive signifier)
       Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi lìnshī le. [Pinyin]
       The luggage was soaked by rain.
* (literary) to criticise; to reproach
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Yíwú sù zhī, gōng shǐ ràng zhī. [Pinyin]
    Yiwu informed Duke Xian of Jin [of the incident]; the Duke dispatched messengers to reprimand him (Shi Wei).

##### Synonyms

* (to allow): (Hokkien, Teochew) 傳／传 (chuán)
* (to yield): 讓行／让行 (ràngxíng)
* (to ask someone to do something):
* 交代 (jiāodài)
* 交帶 / 交带 (gaau$^1$ daai$^3$) (Cantonese, Hokkien)
* 付囑 / 付嘱 (fùzhǔ) (obsolete)
* 叮嚀 / 叮咛 (dīngníng)
* 叮囑 / 叮嘱 (dīngzhǔ)
* 吩咐 (fēnfù)
* 囑咐 / 嘱咐 (zhǔfù)
* 招呼 (zhāohū)

#### Compounds

* 三揖三讓 / 三揖三让 (sānyīsānràng)
* 三讓 / 三让
* 不讓 / 不让
* 不讓鬚眉 / 不让须眉
* 不遑多讓 / 不遑多让 (bùhuángduōràng)
* 互不相讓 / 互不相让 (hùbùxiāngràng)
* 互讓 / 互让 (hùràng)
* 你推我讓 / 你推我让
* 你謙我讓 / 你谦我让
* 佈讓 / 布让
* 儘讓 / 尽让
* 克讓 / 克让
* 出讓 / 出让 (chūràng)
* 割讓 / 割让 (gēràng)
* 卑讓 / 卑让
* 各不相讓 / 各不相让
* 吞聲忍讓 / 吞声忍让
* 固讓 / 固让
* 塔提讓 / 塔提让 (Tǎtíràng)
* 孔融讓梨 / 孔融让梨
* 容讓 / 容让
* 寬讓 / 宽让
* 廉讓 / 廉让
* 忍讓 / 忍让 (rěnràng)
* 懷讓 / 怀让
* 承讓 / 承让 (chéngràng)
* 拱手讓人 / 拱手让人 (gǒngshǒuràngrén)
* 推推讓讓 / 推推让让
* 推讓 / 推让 (tuīràng)
* 推賢讓能 / 推贤让能
* 揖讓 / 揖让 (yīràng)
* 有儘有讓 / 有尽有让
* 桃羞杏讓 / 桃羞杏让
* 當仁不讓 / 当仁不让 (dāngrénbùràng)
* 盤讓 / 盘让
* 相讓 / 相让 (xiāngràng)
* 禪讓 / 禅让 (shànràng)
* 禮讓 / 礼让 (lǐràng)
* 禮讓為國 / 礼让为国
* 蒼吾讓兄 / 苍吾让兄
* 見讓 / 见让
* 詬讓 / 诟让
* 誚讓 / 诮让
* 謙讓 / 谦让 (qiānràng)
* 譙讓 / 谯让 (qiàoràng)
* 讓一步 / 让一步
* 讓三分 / 让三分
* 讓位 / 让位 (ràngwèi)
* 讓價 / 让价
* 讓出 / 让出
* 讓利 / 让利 (rànglì)
* 讓客 / 让客
* 讓座 / 让座 (ràngzuò)
* 讓棗推梨 / 让枣推梨
* 讓權 / 让权
* 讓步 / 让步 (ràngbù)
* 讓渡 / 让渡 (ràngdù)
* 讓畔 / 让畔
* 讓與 / 让与 (ràngyǔ)
* 讓茶 / 让茶
* 讓菜 / 让菜
* 讓菸 / 让烟
* 讓賢 / 让贤 (ràngxián)
* 讓賬 / 让账
* 讓路 / 让路 (rànglù)
* 讓道 / 让道 (ràngdào)
* 讓開 / 让开 (ràngkāi)
* 責讓 / 责让
* 質讓 / 质让
* 趙禮讓肥 / 赵礼让肥
* 轉讓 / 转让 (zhuǎnràng)
* 辭讓 / 辞让 (círàng)
* 退讓 / 退让 (tuìràng)
* 頂讓 / 顶让 (dǐngràng)
* 饒讓 / 饶让
* 齒讓 / 齿让

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French Jean.

#### Definitions

讓
* A transliteration of the French surname and male given name Jean
    讓-雅克·盧梭／让-雅克·卢梭 ― ràng - yǎkè lúsuō ― Jean-Jacques Rousseau

### References

* “讓”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
* Proper Names And Translation Service, Xinhua News Agency, editor (1993), “Jean 让 [法、希、罗]”, in 世界人名翻译大辞典 [Names of The Worlds Peoples: A comprehensive dictionary of names in Roman-Chinese] (in Chinese), Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 1385: “男子教名”.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 譲 |
| Kyūjitai | 讓 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 譲)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Kun: ゆずる (yuzuru, 讓る)

## Korean
### Hanja

讓 • (yang) (hangeul 양)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

讓: Hán Nôm readings: nhượng, nhường, nhằng, nhàng, lâm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.