# 恭

| 恭 | U+606D, &#24685; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606D |
| ← 恬 [U+606C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恮 → [U+606E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恭 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿金心 (TCP), four-corner 4433$_8$, composition ⿱共㣺)

#### Derived characters

* 塨 𠹅 𢞺 𣺖 𤧴 𤲻 𥔸 𧎦 𦷧 𧫃 𫱔 𫺯 𭧂 𭻥 𮘫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10596
* Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 9
* Unihan data for U+606D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恭 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 港 | *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 巷 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 衖 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 鬨 | *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs |
| 烘 | *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 洪 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 鉷 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 谼 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 葓 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 哄 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 蕻 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 恭 | *kloŋ |
| 供 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs |
| 龔 | *kloŋ |
| 珙 | *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ |
| 共 | *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs |
| 髸 | *kloŋ |
| 拱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 拲 | *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ |
| 蛬 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 栱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 輁 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 舼 | *ɡloŋ |
| 輂 | *kloɡ |
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloŋ): phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs, “heart”) + semantic 心

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gōng (gong$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гун (gun, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
    (Hailu, HRS): giung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng$^1$ / gyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gong
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: guung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
*** Sinological IPA : /kioŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit恭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kũn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /koŋ/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /koŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kəŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /koŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /koŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕyɔ³³/ /koŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kuʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kioŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kyŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kœyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kioŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /koŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjowng
Rime :
| Character | 恭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 九容切 |
| Baxter | kjowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 恭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjowng › |
| Old Chinese | /*k<r>oŋ/ |
| English | respectful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4166 |
| Phonetic component | 共 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恭 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloŋ/ |

### Definitions

恭
* respectful; polite; reverent
* to (show) respect
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不恭 (bùgōng)
* 兄友弟恭 (xiōngyǒudìgōng)
* 出大恭 (chū dàgōng)
* 出小恭
* 出恭 (chūgōng)
* 出虛恭 / 出虚恭
* 前倨後恭 / 前倨后恭 (qiánjùhòugōng)
* 卻之不恭 / 却之不恭
* 大恭 (dàgōng)
* 後恭前倨 / 后恭前倨
* 恭人 (gōngrén)
* 恭候 (gōnghòu)
* 恭儉 / 恭俭
* 恭儉靜一 / 恭俭静一
* 恭喜 (gōngxǐ)
* 恭喜發財 / 恭喜发财 (gōngxǐ fācái)
* 恭士
* 恭己
* 恭己待人
* 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
* 恭敬 (gōngjìng)
* 恭本
* 恭本正傳 / 恭本正传
* 恭桶
* 恭楷
* 恭維 / 恭维 (gōngwéi)
* 恭維話 / 恭维话
* 恭職 / 恭职
* 恭聽 / 恭听
* 恭肅嚴整 / 恭肃严整
* 恭行天罰 / 恭行天罚
* 恭謹 / 恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
* 恭謹謙和 / 恭谨谦和
* 恭讀 / 恭读 (gōngdú)
* 恭賀 / 恭贺 (gōnghè)
* 恭賀新禧 / 恭贺新禧 (gōnghèxīnxǐ)
* 恭迎 (gōngyíng)
* 恭送
* 恭逢其盛
* 恭順 / 恭顺 (gōngshùn)
* 打恭 (dǎgōng)
* 打恭作揖
* 桀驁不恭 / 桀骜不恭
* 洗耳恭聽 / 洗耳恭听 (xǐ'ěrgōngtīng)
* 玩世不恭 (wánshìbùgōng)
* 畢恭畢敬 / 毕恭毕敬 (bìgōngbìjìng)
* 耿恭拜井
* 肅恭 / 肃恭
* 臭恭維 / 臭恭维
* 虛恭實怨 / 虚恭实怨
* 謙恭 / 谦恭 (qiāngōng)
* 謙恭下士 / 谦恭下士
* 謙恭厚道 / 谦恭厚道
* 象恭
* 足恭
* 顛越不恭 / 颠越不恭

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* respect

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kun: うやうやしい (uyauyashii, 恭しい, Jōyō)
* Nanori: きよ (kiyo)、たかし (takashi)、やす (yasu)、やすし (yasushi)、ゆき (yuki)、よし (yoshi)

## Korean
### Hanja

恭 (eumhun 공손할 공 (gongsonhal gong))
* hanja form of 공 (“respectful, polite, reverent”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

恭: Hán Nôm readings: cung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.