# 牟

| 牟 | U+725F, &#29279; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725F |
| ← 牞 [U+725E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牠 → [U+7260] |

## Translingual
### Han character

牟 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹手 (IHQ), four-corner 2350$_0$, composition ⿱厶牛)

#### Derived characters

* 侔, 哞, 㛌, 恈, 洠, 䏬, 桙, 毪, 眸, 蛑, 鉾(𫓴), 𩶢, 麰(𮮇), 劺, 𬼪, 𭷢, 𭷪, 𭷬, 𭷲, 鴾, 𡧷, 𦭷, 𥭏, 𨴍

#### Descendants

* ム (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19928
* Dae Jaweon: page 1109, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 7
* Unihan data for U+725F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牟 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 牟 | *mu |
| 眸 | *mu |
| 侔 | *mu |
| 蛑 | *mu |
| 麰 | *mu |
| 劺 | *mu |
| 恈 | *mu |
| 鴾 | *mu |
Ideogram (指事): An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing.

### Etymology
#### “moo”

    Onomatopoeic.

#### “to seek; to obtain”

    By extension of 蛑 (OC *mu, “a type of pest that eats sprouts and roots”).

#### “to love”

    Cognate with 慕 (OC *maːɡs, “to admire”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### “look; appearance”

    Variant of 模 (MC mu).

#### “spear”

    Variant of 矛 (MC mjuw).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): móu (mou$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄡˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mau$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mèu
    (Hailu, HRS): meu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mêu$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mèu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bieo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / biô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mou$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$meu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: móu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: móu
*** Wade–Giles: mou$^2$
*** Yale: móu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mou
*** Palladius: моу (mou)
*** Sinological IPA : /moʊ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mu
*** Sinological IPA : /mu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mau$^4$
*** Yale: màuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: meu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu
*** Sinological IPA: /meu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mèu
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pieu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
*** Tâi-lô: bôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boo
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biô
*** Tâi-lô: biô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biooi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bio²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mou$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: môu
*** Sinological IPA : /mou⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$meu
*** MiniDict: meu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$meu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: lau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒu̯¹³/
* Middle Chinese: mjuw
Rime :
| Character | 牟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 莫浮切 |
| Baxter | mjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muw/ |
| Li Rong | /miu/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | móu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mu/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9267 |
| Phonetic component | 牟 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 謀 |
| Old Chinese | /*mu/ |

#### Definitions

牟
* (onomatopoeia) the sound of cattle: moo
    alt. forms: 哞 (mōu)
* to seek; to obtain; to seize
    alt. forms: 侔 (móu)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to exceed; to increase; to double
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) broad; great
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) longlasting
* (Han dynasty, Sòng-Lǔ dialect) to love
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) look; appearance
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) spear
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 麰 / 𮮇 (móu, “barley”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yí wǒ mài móu, dì mìng shuài yù. [Pinyin]
    Thou didst confer on us the wheat and the barley, which God appointed for the nourishment of all;
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 眸 (móu, “eyeball”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 堥 (“earthen pot”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 侔 (móu, “to be equal”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 鍪 (móu, “helmet”)
* (～國) (historical) Mou (an ancient state in modern-day Shandong, China)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 來牟 / 来牟
* 侵牟
* 岑牟
* 牟利 (móulì)
* 牟取 (móuqǔ)
* 牟尼
* 釋迦牟尼 / 释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní)
* 頓牟 / 顿牟

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mù (mu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): muk$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): mou$^5$ / mong$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mù
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$
*** Yale: mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: muk$^6$
*** Yale: muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mou$^5$ / mong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: môu / mông
*** Sinological IPA : /mou⁵⁵/, /moŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

牟
* Used in place names.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 中牟 (Zhōngmù, “Zhongmu”)
* 牟平 (Mùpíng, “Muping”)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02487
* “牟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* (Min Nan) “牟”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* pupil (hole in middle of an iris)
* moo (lowing sound of a cow)

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)

#### Compounds

* 牟牟(ぼうぼう) (bōbō)
* 牟尼(むに) (muni)
* 牟礼(むれ) (Mure)
* 牟婁(むろ) (Muro)
* 大(おお)穴(あな)牟(む)遅(ちの)神(かみ) (Ōanamuchi no Kami)
* 大(おお)牟田(むた) (Ōmuta)
* 莫(まく)牟(も) (makumo)

#### Usage notes

* Used in Old Japanese as a 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨mu⟩.

### References

* Family Register Unified Characters (戸籍統一文字) 224330

## Korean
### Hanja

牟 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牟: Hán Nôm readings: mưu, màu, mâu, mầu, mào
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation