# 倫

| 倫 | U+502B, &#20523; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-502B |
| ← 倪 [U+502A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 倬 → [U+502C] |
| 倫 | U+F9D4, &#63956; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D4 |
| ← 陸 [U+F9D3] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 崙 → [U+F9D5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

倫 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人人一月 (OOMB), four-corner 2822$_7$, composition ⿰亻侖)

#### Derived characters

* 𠹹, 溣, 𨫅, 𦷉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 109, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 793
* Dae Jaweon: page 232, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 181, character 1
* Unihan data for U+502B
* Unihan data for U+F9D4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 倫
* Small seal scripts05751Transcribed ancient scriptsL31442L31443L31444L31445L31446L05384L05385L05386L05387L05388L05389L05390
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 蜦 | *ruːls, *run |
| 綸 | *kruːn, *ɡ·run |
| 論 | *ruːn, *ruːns, *run |
| 崘 | *ruːn |
| 掄 | *ruːn, *run |
| 菕 | *ruːn |
| 惀 | *ruːnʔ, *run |
| 睔 | *ɡ·ruːnʔ, *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 碖 | *ruːnʔ, *ruːns |
| 溣 | *ruːns |
| 倫 | *run |
| 淪 | *run |
| 輪 | *run |
| 侖 | *run |
| 陯 | *run |
| 鯩 | *run |
| 棆 | *run |
| 踚 | *run |
| 耣 | *runʔ |
| 錀 | *pqʰlun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *run): semantic 人 + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lún (lun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lùn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lun$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$len
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lún
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lún
*** Wade–Giles: lun$^2$
*** Yale: lwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luen
*** Palladius: лунь (lunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leon$^4$
*** Yale: lèuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loen$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: lun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lùng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃uŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûn
*** Tâi-lô: lûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lûng
*** Sinological IPA : /luŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$len
*** MiniDict: len$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$len
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lən²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit倫 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /luən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /luən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /luən⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /luẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /luə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /luən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /lyẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /lyə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /luŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /lũn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /luŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /nən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /len²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /luə̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /lun²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /lən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /luəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /luŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /lỹŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ləŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /lən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /len²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /laŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /lʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /nən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lun¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /lin⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /løn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /løn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lun³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /luŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /lœyŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /luŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /lun³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: lwin
Rime :
| Character | 倫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力迍切 |
| Baxter | lwin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwin/ |
| Li Rong | /liuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭuĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leon$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]u[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*run/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 倫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]u[n]/ |
| English | relationship; order; category |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8661 |
| Phonetic component | 侖 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 淪 |
| Old Chinese | /*run/ |

### Definitions

倫
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) the same type/kind/class; equal; match
    無與倫比／无与伦比 ― wúyǔlúnbǐ ― beyond compare; unrivaled; unequalled; in a class of its own
    絕倫／绝伦 ― juélún ― unsurpassed; unequalled; peerless; matchless
* normal human relationships; ethics
    倫理／伦理 ― lúnlǐ ― ethics; morality; moral principles, normative ethics
    倫常／伦常 ― lúncháng ― feudal order of importance or seniority in human relationships
    人倫／人伦 ― rénlún ― human relations (according to feudal ethics)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) reason; logic
* coherence; order; logical sequence
    語無倫次／语无伦次 ― yǔwúlúncì ― to speak incoherently
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 不倫 / 不伦 (bùlún)
* 不倫不類 / 不伦不类 (bùlúnbùlèi)
* 不逮人倫 / 不逮人伦
* 亂倫 / 乱伦 (luànlún)
* 五倫 / 五伦 (wǔlún)
* 人倫 / 人伦 (rénlún)
* 伶倫 / 伶伦
* 倫儔 / 伦俦
* 倫匹 / 伦匹
* 倫巴 / 伦巴 (lúnbā)
* 倫常 / 伦常 (lúncháng)
* 倫序 / 伦序
* 倫敦 / 伦敦 (Lúndūn)
* 倫敦宣言 / 伦敦宣言
* 倫敦影展 / 伦敦影展
* 倫敦鐵塔 / 伦敦铁塔
* 倫次 / 伦次 (lúncì)
* 倫比 / 伦比 (lúnbǐ)
* 倫理 / 伦理 (lúnlǐ)
* 倫理學 / 伦理学 (lúnlǐxué)
* 倫理道德 / 伦理道德
* 倫紀 / 伦纪
* 倫類 / 伦类
* 傑克倫敦 / 杰克伦敦
* 傲視群倫 / 傲视群伦
* 儕倫 / 侪伦
* 克倫威爾 / 克伦威尔 (Kèlúnwēi'ěr)
* 克魯倫河 / 克鲁伦河
* 出倫之才 / 出伦之才
* 加倫河 / 加伦河
* 勞倫斯 / 劳伦斯 (Láolúnsī)
* 卓絕群倫 / 卓绝群伦
* 卡倫 / 卡伦
* 可倫坡 / 可伦坡 (Kělúnpō)
* 呼倫池 / 呼伦池
* 哥倫布 / 哥伦布 (Gēlúnbù)
* 哥倫比亞 / 哥伦比亚 (Gēlúnbǐyà)
* 噶倫 / 噶伦 (gálún)
* 土倫 / 土伦 (Tǔlún)
* 多倫多 / 多伦多 (Duōlúnduō)
* 多倫縣 / 多伦县
* 大倫 / 大伦
* 天倫 / 天伦 (tiānlún)
* 天倫之慘 / 天伦之惨
* 天倫之樂 / 天伦之乐 (tiānlúnzhīlè)
* 天倫庭闈 / 天伦庭闱
* 工作倫理 / 工作伦理
* 巴比倫 / 巴比伦 (Bābǐlún)
* 布倫口 / 布伦口 (Bùlúnkǒu)
* 布倫托海 / 布伦托海
* 布倫森 / 布伦森
* 常倫 / 常伦
* 庫倫 / 库伦 (kùlún)
* 彝倫
* 彝倫攸斁 / 彝伦攸𭣧
* 彥倫鶴怨 / 彦伦鹤怨
* 悖倫 / 悖伦
* 愛倫凱 / 爱伦凯
* 愛倫坡 / 爱伦坡
* 拜倫 / 拜伦 (Bàilún)
* 敦倫 / 敦伦 (dūnlún)
* 敷教明倫 / 敷教明伦
* 明倫堂 / 明伦堂
* 曠古絕倫 / 旷古绝伦
* 校園倫理 / 校园伦理
* 海倫 / 海伦 (Hǎilún)
* 烏蘭木倫 / 乌兰木伦 (Wūlánmùlún)
* 無與倫比 / 无与伦比 (wúyǔlúnbǐ)
* 穎悟絕倫 / 颖悟绝伦
* 等倫 / 等伦
* 精妙絕倫 / 精妙绝伦
* 精美絕倫 / 精美绝伦
* 精采絕倫 / 精采绝伦
* 索倫 / 索伦 (Suǒlún)
* 絕世無倫 / 绝世无伦
* 絕世超倫 / 绝世超伦
* 絕倫 / 绝伦 (juélún)
* 絕倫超群 / 绝伦超群
* 綱常倫紀 / 纲常伦纪
* 羅家倫 / 罗家伦
* 群倫 / 群伦
* 舉世無倫 / 举世无伦
* 色藝絕倫 / 色艺绝伦
* 荒謬絕倫 / 荒谬绝伦 (huāngmiùjuélún)
* 華倫泰節 / 华伦泰节
* 蔡倫 / 蔡伦
* 裴倫 / 裴伦
* 語妙絕倫 / 语妙绝伦
* 語無倫次 / 语无伦次 (yǔwúlúncì)
* 超世絕倫 / 超世绝伦
* 超倫 / 超伦
* 越次超倫 / 越次超伦
* 超然邁倫 / 超然迈伦
* 超絕群倫 / 超绝群伦
* 超群絕倫 / 超群绝伦
* 超邁絕倫 / 超迈绝伦
* 軼倫 / 轶伦
* 逆倫 / 逆伦
* 逸群絕倫 / 逸群绝伦
* 鄂倫春族 / 鄂伦春族 (Èlúnchūnzú)
* 領先群倫 / 领先群伦
* 麥哲倫 / 麦哲伦 (Màizhélún)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* ethics

#### Readings

* Go-on: りん (rin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: りん (rin, Jōyō)
* Kun: たぐい (tagui, 倫)、ついで (tsuide, 倫で)、みち (michi, 倫)

### Proper noun

倫(りん) • (Rin)
* a male given name

#### Compounds

* 倫理(りんり) (rinri)
* 倫敦(ロンドン) (Rondon)
* 絶倫(ぜつりん) (zetsurin)

## Korean
### Hanja

倫 (eumhun 인륜(人倫) 륜 (illyun ryun), word-initial (South Korea) 인륜(人倫) 윤 (illyun yun))
* hanja form of 륜/윤 (“morality, humanity, ethics”)
* hanja form of 륜/윤 (“duty”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

倫: Hán Nôm readings: luân, luồn, lùn, lụm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.