# καρκίνος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *karkros, with cognates including Latin cancer, and possibly Sanskrit कर्कट (karkaṭa), although relationship with the latter is less certain. There are elements which point to a non-Indo-European origin, perhaps Pre-Greek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kar.kí.nos/ → /karˈci.nos/ → /karˈci.nos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kar.kí.nos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /karˈki.nos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /karˈci.nos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /karˈci.nos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /karˈci.nos/

### Noun

καρκῐ́νος • (karkĭ́nos) m (genitive καρκῐ́νου); second declension
* crab
* Cancer, the zodiac sign
* sore, ulcer, cancer
* items which resemble a crab's pincers
** pair of pincers, a type of torture instrument
** temple bones
** type of shoe
** type of bandage
** pair of compasses
** distillery

#### Synonyms

* (cancer): καρκῐ́νωμᾰ (karkĭ́nōmă)

#### Derived terms

* καρκινόω (karkinóō)
* καρκίνωμα (karkínōma)

#### Descendants

* Old Armenian: կարակին (karakin), կարկին (karkin)
** Armenian: կարկին (karkin)

### References

* “καρκίνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “καρκίνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* καρκίνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* καρκίνος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. crab idem, page 181.
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /karˈci.nos/
* Hyphenation: καρ‧κί‧νος

### Noun

καρκίνος • (karkínos) m (plural καρκίνοι)
* (medicine) cancer (disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation)
* crab
    Synonyms: κάβουρας m (kávouras), καβούρι n (kavoúri)
* (astronomy, astrology) Cancer

#### Related terms

* αντικαρκινικός (antikarkinikós, “anticancer”, adjective)
* καρκινική γραφή f (karkinikí grafí, “palindrome”)
* καρκινική επιγραφή f (karkinikí epigrafí, “palindrome”)
* καρκινικός (karkinikós, “cancer”, adjective)
* καρκινικός στίχος m (karkinikós stíchos, “palindrome”)
* καρκινοβασία (karkinovasía, “backward movement”)
* καρκινοβατώ (karkinovató, “to move crabwise”)
* καρκινογένεση f (karkinogénesi, “carcinogenesis”)
* καρκινογόνος (karkinogónos, “carcinogenic”, adjective)
* καρκινοειδή f (karkinoeidí, “crustacean”)
* καρκινοειδής (karkinoeidís, “crustacean”, adjective)
* καρκινολογία f (karkinología, “cancer research”)
* καρκινολόγος m (karkinológos, “cancer specialist”)
* καρκινοπαθής (karkinopathís, “cancer patient”, adjective)
* καρκινοφοβία f (karkinofovía, “cancerphobia”)
* καρκινώδης (karkinódis, “cancerous”, adjective)
* καρκίνωμα n (karkínoma, “carcinoma, cancerous growth”)
* καρκινωματώδης (karkinomatódis, “cancerous”, adjective)

### Further reading

* καρκίνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* καρκίνος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$