# 夸

| 夸 | U+5938, &#22840; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5938 |
| ← 夷 [U+5937] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 夹 → [U+5939] |

## Translingual
### Han character

夸 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大一一尸 (KMMS), four-corner 4020$_7$, composition ⿱大亏)

#### Derived characters

* 咵 袴 誇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 250, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5854
* Dae Jaweon: page 509, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 526, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5938

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夸 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷraː): semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuā (kua$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwaa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kua
*** Wade–Giles: kʻua$^1$
*** Yale: kwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kua
*** Palladius: куа (kua)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwaa$^1$
*** Yale: kwā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰaː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khwae
Rime :
| Character | 夸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦瓜切 |
| Baxter | khwae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰua/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰwa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷʰ]ˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʷʰ]ˁra/ |
| English | boast |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15648 |
| Phonetic component | 于 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誇 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷraː/ |

##### Definitions

夸
* extravagant; luxurious; handsome

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuā (kua$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kua
*** Wade–Giles: kʻua$^1$
*** Yale: kwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kua
*** Palladius: куа (kua)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ä⁵⁵/

##### Definitions

夸
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beautiful

#### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuà (kua$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuà
*** Wade–Giles: kʻua$^4$
*** Yale: kwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuah
*** Palladius: куа (kua)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ä⁵¹/

##### Definitions

夸
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 跨 (kuà, “to cross over”)

#### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuǎ (kua$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuǎ
*** Wade–Giles: kʻua$^3$
*** Yale: kwǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koa
*** Palladius: куа (kua)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ä²¹⁴/

##### Definitions

夸
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 夸𡗸.

##### Compounds

* 大言非夸
* 夸人
* 夸克 (kuākè)
* 夸姣
* 夸容
* 夸毗
* 夸父
* 夸父逐日
* 夸特 (kuātè)
* 夸誕
* 夸飾 (kuāshì)
* 夸麗
* 言大而夸
* 阿拉拉夸拉 (Ālālākuālā)
* 頂夸克 (dǐngkuākè)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 夸 – see 誇 (“to boast; to exaggerate; to praise; to commend”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 誇).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* boast

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こ (ko)、か (ka)
* Kun: おごる (ogoru)

## Korean
### Hanja

夸 (eum 과 (gwa))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

夸: Hán Nôm readings: khoa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.