# 汞

| 汞 | U+6C5E, &#27742; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C5E |
| ← 汝 [U+6C5D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 江 → [U+6C5F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

汞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一水 (ME), four-corner 1023$_2$, composition ⿱工水)

#### Derived characters

* 𠳃 㶹 𦕷 觨 𫎶 銾(𰾁) 𩗢 𩒴 𧋔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 606, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17139
* Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1550, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6C5E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːŋʔ): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 水 (“water”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǒng (gong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kúng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hóng / kòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$kon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^3$
*** Yale: gǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
*** Yale: huhng / hung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²²/, /hʊŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
*** Tâi-lô: hóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
*** Tâi-lô: kòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$kon
*** MiniDict: kon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$kon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: huwngX
Rime :
| Character | 汞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡孔切 |
| Baxter | huwngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 汞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4063 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 澒 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文作澒 |

### Definitions

汞
* (chemistry) mercury (Hg)
* a surname, Gong

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 水銀 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 汞, 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 水銀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 水銀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 水銀 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 水銀 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 水銀 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 水銀 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 水銀 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 水銀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 水銀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 水銀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 水銀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 水銀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 水銀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 水銀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 水銀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 水銀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 水銀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 水銀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 水銀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 水銀 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 水銀 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 水銀 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 水銀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 水銀 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 水銀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 水銀 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 水銀 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 水銀 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 水銀 |
| Jin | Datong | 水銀 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 水銀 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 水銀 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 水銀 |
| Jin | Linhe | 水銀 |
| Jin | Jining | 水銀 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 水銀 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 水銀 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 水銀 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 水銀 |
| Jin | Handan | 水銀 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 水銀 |
| Jin | Suide | 水銀 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 水銀 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 水銀 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 水銀 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 水銀 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 水銀 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 水銀 |

### Compounds

* 搏砂煉汞 / 搏砂炼汞
* 摶砂弄汞 / 抟砂弄汞
* 摶砂煉汞 / 抟砂炼汞
* 昇汞 / 升汞 (shēnggǒng)
* 氧化汞 (yǎnghuàgǒng)
* 氯化亞汞 / 氯化亚汞 (lǜhuàyàgǒng)
* 氯化汞 (lǜhuàgǒng)
* 汞中毒 (gǒngzhòngdú)
* 汞合金
* 汞弧燈 / 汞弧灯
* 汞柱 (gǒngzhù)
* 汞極電池 / 汞极电池
* 汞溴紅 / 汞溴红 (gǒngxiùhóng)
* 汞電池 / 汞电池
* 汞齊 / 汞齐 (gǒngjì)
* 混汞法
* 燒丹鍊汞 / 烧丹炼汞
* 硫化汞 (liúhuàgǒng)
* 硝酸汞 (xiāosuāngǒng)
* 紅汞 / 红汞 (hónggǒng)
* 紅汞水 / 红汞水
* 紅汞液 / 红汞液
* 自然汞
* 鉛汞 / 铅汞
* 雷汞 (léigǒng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* mercury, quicksilver (the metal)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: みずがね (mizugane, 汞)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 汞
* みずがね Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 汞 – see the following entry. :
| 【水銀みずかね】 | [noun] mercury Alternative spelling 𫒎 |
| 【水銀みずがね】 | [noun] (chemistry, obsolete) mercury; quicksilver Alternative spelling 𫒎 |
(This term, 汞, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Usage notes

The term mizugane, regardless of kanji spelling, is largely obsolete in modern Japanese.
The usage of this kanji is rare and literary, and it is not used in isolation in modern Japanese. Use 水銀 instead for the standalone word for mercury.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 汞
* こう Hyōgai
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 汞 (ɦuŋ$^X$, “mercury, quicksilver”).
The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ː]

#### Noun

汞(こう) • (kō)
* (chemistry) mercury, quicksilver

##### Usage notes

The kō reading is used in chemical compounds that include (e.g. corrosive sublimate).

##### Derived terms

* 甘(かん)汞(こう) (kankō): calomel, mercury(I) chloride
* 雷(らい)汞(こう) (raikō): mercury(II) fulminate

### References

* Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

汞 (eum 홍 (hong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

汞: Hán Nôm readings: hống
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation