# 垔

| 垔 | U+5794, &#22420; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5794 |
| ← 垓 [U+5793] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垕 → [U+5795] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垔 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田土 (MWG) or 難一田土 (XMWG), four-corner 1010$_4$, composition ⿱覀土(GV) or ⿱西土(HTJK))

#### Derived characters

* 堙, 湮, 凐, 歅, 禋, 緸, 陻, 諲, 闉, 黫, 鄄, 甄, 煙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 228, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5041
* Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 438, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5794

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垔 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 黫 | *qriːn |
| 甄 | *ken, *kin |
| 薽 | *ken, *kjin |
| 籈 | *ken, *kjin |
| 煙 | *qiːn |
| 湮 | *qiːn, *qin |
| 堙 | *qin |
| 禋 | *qin |
| 闉 | *qin |
| 垔 | *qin |
| 陻 | *qin |
| 諲 | *qin |
| 歅 | *qin |
| 鄄 | *kʷens |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qin): phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl) + semantic 土 (“dirt”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīn (yin$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yin
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$
*** Yale: yīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: in
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'jin
Rime :
| Character | 垔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於眞切 |
| Baxter | 'jin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]i[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 垔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[q]i[n]/ |
| English | dam up, block; mound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15201 |
| Phonetic component | 垔 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 因 |
| Old Chinese | /*qin/ |
| Notes | 上象塞漏土包， 非西聲 |

### Definitions

垔
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to block up

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to restrain
* to dam a stream and change its direction
* mound

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): おう (ō)、じゅ (ju)、とう (tō)、ず (zu)
* Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu)

## Korean
### Hanja

垔 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)
* stop up, close, block
* bury, get buried
* ladder