# 袷

| 袷 | U+88B7, &#34999; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88B7 |
| ← 袶 [U+88B6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 袸 → [U+88B8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

袷 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 12 strokes in traditional Chinese, 11 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 中人一口 (LOMR), four-corner 3826$_1$, composition ⿰衤合)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34240
* Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3089, character 9
* Unihan data for U+88B7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 袷
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 龕 | *kʰuːm |
| 媕 | *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb |
| 頜 | *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb |
| 答 | *tkuːb |
| 畣 | *tkuːb |
| 荅 | *tkuːb |
| 嗒 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
| 褡 | *tuːb, *toːb |
| 撘 | *tuːb |
| 搭 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
| 榙 | *tkuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 佮 | *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb |
| 蛤 | *kuːb |
| 鴿 | *kuːb |
| 合 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 郃 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 匌 | *kuːb, *kʰuːb |
| 鉿 | *kuːb |
| 閤 | *kuːb |
| 鞈 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
| 韐 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
| 鮯 | *kuːb |
| 哈 | *ŋɡuːb |
| 姶 | *quːb, *quːb |
| 欱 | *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb |
| 盒 | *ɡuːb |
| 耠 | *ɡuːb |
| 詥 | *ɡuːb |
| 塔 | *tʰuːb |
| 鞳 | *tʰoːb |
| 劄 | *rtuːb |
| 跲 | *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob |
| 袷 | *kruːb, *ŋkob |
| 餄 | *kruːb |
| 恰 | *kʰruːb |
| 帢 | *kʰruːb |
| 洽 | *ɡruːb |
| 祫 | *ɡruːb |
| 珨 | *ɡruːb |
| 烚 | *ɡruːb |
| 歙 | *qʰjob, *qʰrub |
| 湁 | *tkʰub |
| 拾 | *ɡjub |
| 給 | *krub |
| 翕 | *qʰrub |
| 噏 | *qʰrub |
| 潝 | *qʰrub |
| 熻 | *qʰrub |
| 嬆 | *qʰrub |
| 翖 | *qʰrub |
| 闟 | *qʰrub |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruːb, *ŋkob): semantic 衤 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiá (jia$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaap$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiá
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^2$
*** Yale: jyá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jya
*** Palladius: цзя (czja)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaap$^3$
*** Yale: gaap
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaap$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gab$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːp̚³/
* Middle Chinese: keap
Rime :
| Character | 袷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 洽 (152) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古洽切 |
| Baxter | keap |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jia |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kruːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 袷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4986 |
| Phonetic component | 合 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 夾 |
| Old Chinese | /*kruːb/ |

#### Definitions

袷
* lined garment
* Alternative form of 夾 / 夹 (jiá, “double-layered; lined”)

#### Compounds

* 白袷
* 白袷藍衫 / 白袷蓝衫
* 白袷衣
* 白袷青衫
* 袷衣 (jiáyī)
* 袷裙
* 袷襖 / 袷袄 (jiá'ǎo)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jié, jiá (jie$^2$, jia$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ, ㄐㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gip$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jié
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jié
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$
*** Yale: jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiá
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^2$
*** Yale: jyá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jya
*** Palladius: цзя (czja)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gip$^3$
*** Yale: gip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːp̚³/
* Middle Chinese: kjaep
Rime :
| Character | 袷 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 業 (147) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居怯切 |
| Baxter | kjaep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiap̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋkob/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 袷 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 4997 |
| Phonetic component | 合 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 劫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋkob/ |
| Notes | 同衱 |

#### Definitions

袷
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) overlapping collar

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiā (qia$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hap$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cia
*** Wade–Giles: chʻia$^1$
*** Yale: chyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chia
*** Palladius: ця (cja)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hap$^1$
*** Yale: hāp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hap$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heb$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐp̚⁵/

#### Definitions

袷
* Only used in 袷袢 (qiāpàn).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B04503
* “袷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* lined clothing

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 袷 (MC keap, “lined clothing”):
* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: あわせ (awase, 袷)
From Middle Chinese 袷 (MC kjaep, “overlaping collar”):
* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: えり (eri, 袷)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 袷
* あわせ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with 合わせ (awase, “joining together”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あわせ [àwáséꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [a̠β̞a̠se̞]

### Noun

袷(あわせ) • (awase)
* a lined kimono
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2965:, text here
    橡(つるはみ)之(の)袷(あはせの)衣(ころも)裏(うら)尓為者(にせば)吾(われ)将強(しひめ)八方(やも)君(きみ)之(が)不来座(きまさぬ) [Man'yōgana]
    橡(つるばみ)の袷(あはせ)の衣(ころも)裏(うら)にせば我(わ)れ強(し)ひめやも君(きみ)が来(き)まさぬ [Modern spelling]

#### Derived terms

* 袷(あわせ)ジュバン (awase juban)
* 袷(あわせ)羽(ば)織(おり) (awase-baori)
* 秋(あき)袷(あわせ) (aki-awase)
* 三(さん)枚(まい)袷(あわせ) (sanmai-awase)
* 素(す)袷(あわせ) (suawase)
* 初(はつ)袷(あわせ) (hatsu-awase)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Vietnamese
### Han character

袷: Hán Nôm readings: giáp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation