# 几

| 几 | U+51E0, &#20960; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51E0 |
| ← 凟 [U+51DF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 凡 → [U+51E1] |
| ⼏ | U+2F0F, &#12047; KANGXI RADICAL TABLE |
| ← ⼎ [U+2F0E] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼐ → [U+2F10] |

## Translingual
### Han character

几 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓 (HN), four-corner 7721$_0$, composition ⿰丿㇈)
* Kangxi radical #16, ⼏.
* Shuōwén Jiězì radical №493

#### Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 𠘧 (U+20627) which is another radical in Shuōwén.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/几
* 仉, 叽, 𡚫, 㞦, 𢁒, 𢎪, 𢖯, 𢩫, 㲹, 𤜝, 𨸔, 机, 𭭙, 𣦽, 𣬠, 玑, 肌, 矶, 𥘌, 𬓠, 竌, 䘛, 籶, 𥾊, 𰭗, 𫇔, 虮, 𮗸, 𧺋, 𧾾, 䡄, 𨱙, 釠(𰽕), 𮓟, 𩉜, 飢(饥), 𩨒, 𮬥, 𪊋, 𣽳, 𧇔, 𧶹, 𪗗
* 亢, 𡯂, 冗, 𭅠, 宂, 𫵳, 𭙍, 芁, 𣱻, 𠫞, 𤴪, 𥃯, 秃, 𥤤, 𥩕, 𦒲, 虎, 𧘊, 𧟣, 咒, 壳, 𢆻, 亮, 𩁸, 𣑽, 𧦕, 髠, 焭, 𪎑, 麂, 𨳋, 𭍚
* 䢳, 𧆡, 𩑏, 𬺲, 𧦔, 斻, 𣃲
* 讥, 机 (Simplified from 譏, 機 in traditional Chinese)
* See also 𠘧#Derived characters
* See also 𠘨#Derived characters

#### Related characters

* 幾 (Traditional form of 几)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 133, character 57
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1737
* Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 275, character 19
* Unihan data for U+51E0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 几 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 肌 | *kril |
| 飢 | *kril |
| 机 | *kril, *krilʔ |
| 虮 | *kril |
| 几 | *krilʔ |
| 麂 | *krilʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a small stool viewed from the side. The original version was 𠀃, in which the horizontal stroke at the bottom represents the floor and/or the ground.
See also the bottom component of 其, 真, and 典, in which 八 is the stylization of the legs of a table.
Unrelated to 鉛, in which the top component is a stylization of 八, representing stagnant water. Also unrelated to 朵, 凡, and 殳.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“foot, leg; stool”). Compare Tibetan ཁྲི (khri) and Burmese ခြေ (hkre).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī, jǐ (ji$^1$, ji$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$ / gei$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gī
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kí
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^3$
*** Yale: jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ / gei$^2$
*** Yale: gēi / géi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ / gei$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ / géi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵/, /kei̯³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gī
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
*** Tâi-lô: kí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kjijX
Rime :
| Character | 几 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居履切 |
| Baxter | kjijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ki$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ki$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ki$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ki$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.kr[ə]jʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krilʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 几 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.kr[ə]jʔ/ |
| English | stool |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 几 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5760 |
| Phonetic component | 几 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 几 |
| Old Chinese | /*krilʔ/ |

#### Definitions

几
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) stool; chair
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Móu yú zhǎngzhě, bì cāo jī zhàng yǐ cóng zhī. Zhǎngzhě wèn, bù círàng ér duì, fēilǐ yě. [Pinyin]
    In going to take counsel with an elder, one must carry a stool and a staff with him (for the elder's use). When the elder asks a question, to reply without acknowledging one's incompetency and (trying to) decline answering, is contrary to propriety.
* long narrow table; bench
* small table
    茶几 ― chájī ― tea table

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 几(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 궤(几) (gwe)
* → Vietnamese: kỉ (几)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: ghế (“chair”)

#### Compounds

* 伏几
* 几几
* 几席
* 几杖
* 几案 (jī'àn)
* 几筵
* 方几
* 明窗淨几
* 燕几
* 窗明几淨 (chuāngmíngjījìng)
* 茶几
* 隱几
* 雪窗螢几
* 高几

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 幾 (“how much; how many; what; which; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 幾).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 人 (“man; person; people; a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 人).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 明 (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 明).

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 𠘧 (“Refers to the wings of a bird in flight.; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 𠘧).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* table, table enclosure
* table or wind radical

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: つくえ (tsukue, 几)
* Nanori: おしまずき (oshimazuki)

#### Compounds

* 几案(きあん) (kian)
* 几下(きか) (kika)
* 几帳(きちょう) (kichō)
* 床几(しょうぎ) (shōgi)

## Korean
### Hanja

几 (eumhun 안석 궤 (anseok gwe))
* back rest
* desk

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

几: Hán Nôm readings: kỉ
* chữ Hán form of kỉ (“Kangxi radical 16—‘small table’”).