# 孫

| 孫 | U+5B6B, &#23403; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B6B |
| ← 孪 [U+5B6A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孬 → [U+5B6C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孫 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女火 (NDHVF), four-corner 1249$_3$, composition ⿰子系)

#### Derived characters

* 搎, 猻, 遜, 蓀, 愻

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6987
* Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1016, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5B6B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 孫
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 孫 | *suːn |
| 猻 | *suːn |
| 蓀 | *suːn |
| 搎 | *suːn |
| 遜 | *suːns |
| 愻 | *suːns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 子 (“son”) + 系 (“continue”).
* 孫 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 孫 (Cantonese)
* sun (Southern Min)

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sju(w)-n (“grandchild”) (STEDT). Cognate with Bodo (India) sou (“grandchild”), Jingpho shu (“grandchild”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sūn (sun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhun$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sûn
    (Hailu, HRS): sun$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sun$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): sung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng$^1$ / song$^1$ / suong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sun / sng / suiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^1$ / seng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sen
* Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): sun$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sun
*** Wade–Giles: sun$^1$
*** Yale: swūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suen
*** Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^1$
*** Yale: syūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬun³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: sung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ⁵³³/
* seng1 - vernacular;
* song1/suong1 - literary (incl. surname).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit孫 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /suən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /suən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /suən²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /suẽ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /suə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /suən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /suẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /suə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /suŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /sũn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /suŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /sən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ /suən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /suə̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /sun³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sən²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /sũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷen³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sø³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /sʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /suːə¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sən³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sun⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sun⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sun²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬyn⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /syn⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sun⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /suŋ³³/ /sɯŋ³³/ 姓 |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun²³/ /tun²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: swon
Rime :
| Character | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 思渾切 |
| Baxter | swon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /suən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /suon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /suən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swən/ |
| Li Rong | /suən/ |
| Wang Li | /suən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /suən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤu[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ˁu[n]/ |
| English | grandchild; descendant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12178 |
| Phonetic component | 孫 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孫 |
| Old Chinese | /*suːn/ |

#### Definitions

孫
* grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
* (literary or dialectal) grandson (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
* (chiefly Min) fraternal nephew
* descendant
* a surname, listed third in the Baijiaxing
    孫中山／孙中山 ― Sūn Zhōngshān ― Sun Yat-sen (provisionally served as the first president of the Republic of China)
* A respelling of the English patronymic son
    魯濱孫／鲁滨孙 ― Lǔbīn Sūn ― Robinson

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 孫, 孫兒 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 孫子, 內孫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 孫子, 孫夥計 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 孫子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 孫子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 孫, 孫子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 孫子兒, 孫子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 孫子, 孫兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 裡甥子, 孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 孫兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 孫娃子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 孫子, 孫兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 孫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 孫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 孫娃子, 男孫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 孫兒, 家孫兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 孫子, 孫娃子 young, dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 孫孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 孫子, 孫崽, 孫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 孫子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 孫子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 孫子, 孫兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 孫子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 孫兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 孫 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 兒孫 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 孫仔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 孫子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 孫崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 孫, 孫子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿孫, 孫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 男孫 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 孫仔, 孫子 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Changting | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 孫子, 孫 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 孫哩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 孫, 阿孫 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 孫子 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 孫 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 孫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 孫子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 孫子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 孫子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 孫子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 孫子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 孫 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 孫仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 孫, 孫囝, 丈夫孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 孫, 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 丈夫孫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 孫 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 孫, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 孫, 丈夫孫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 孫, 孫仔, 內孫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孫, 孫囝 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 孫, 內孫 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孫囝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 孫, 孫囝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 孫, 公爹孫, 丈夫孫 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 孫, 孫囝 young |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 孫 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 孫 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 內頭孫 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 孫, 孫崽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 孫子 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 孫 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 孫 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 孫 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 孫 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 孫仔 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 孫 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 孫仔 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 孫 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 孫 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 孫 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 孫 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 孫 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 孫仔 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 孫子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 孫子, 孫男子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 孫子 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 孫子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 孫子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 孫子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 孫子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 孫兒, 孫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 孫兒, 孫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 孫崽子, 孫崽, 孫伢子, 孫子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 孫 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 孫 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 孫 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 孫崽 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 姪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 姪兒, 姪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 姪兒, 姪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 姪兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 姪兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 姪兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 姪兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 姪兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 姪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 姪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 姪 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 姪兒, 姪兒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 姪兒, 姪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 姪子, 姪 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 姪兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 姪兒, 姪兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 姪兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 姪子, 姪兒, 姪兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 姪兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 姪兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 姪兒子, 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 姪娃兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 姪兒子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 姪兒子, 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子伢, 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 姪兒子, 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 姪兒子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 姪兒子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 姪兒子, 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 姪兒子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 姪子, 姪兒子, 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 姪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 姪崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 姪崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 姪子, 姪兒子, 姪兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 姪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 姪兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 姪兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 姪兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 姪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 姪兒, 姪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 姪兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 姪, 姪仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 姪, 姪仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 姪子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 姪子 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 姪子 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 姪仔, 姪 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 姪仔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 姪 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿姪 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 姪仔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 姪仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 姪子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 姪子, 姪崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 姪子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 姪仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿姪 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 姪仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿姪 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 姪子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 姪子 |
| Hakka | Changting | 姪哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 姪子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 孫哩, 姪哩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 姪子, 老姪 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 姪仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 姪仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 姪仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 姪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 姪仔, 姪 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 姪子, 孫仔 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 姪子 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 姪 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 姪兒 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 姪仂 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 姪的 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 姪兒子 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 姪兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 姪兒子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 姪兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 姪兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 姪兒子 |
| Jin | Jining | 姪兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 姪兒, 姪兒子 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 姪子, 姪兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 姪兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 姪子 |
| Jin | Handan | 姪兒子 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 姪兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 姪兒子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Shunchang (Yangdun) | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 孫仔 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 孫仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 姪, 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 孫, 姪 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 孫囝 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 孫囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 孫囝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 姪仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 姪仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 叔孫仔, 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 姪仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 孫仔, 孫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 姪仔 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 姪仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 逗孫 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 姪 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 逗孫 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 姪, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 孫, 姪 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 孫, 丈夫孫 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 姪子 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 阿姪, 孫 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 孫仔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 孫兒 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 孫子 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 孫子 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 孫子 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 孫子 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 姪子 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 姪子 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 姪子 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 姪子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 阿姪, 姪子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 阿姪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 阿姪, 姪兒子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 姪子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 姪兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿姪 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿姪 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 姪兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 姪兒子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 姪佬, 姪兒子 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 姪兒 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 姪崽 |

##### Descendants

* → English: Sun, Suen, Soon
* → Tagalog: Suan (via Hokkien), Soon (via Hokkien)

##### Compounds

* 不肖子孫 / 不肖子孙 (bùxiào zǐsūn)
* 亞馬孫河 / 亚马孙河
* 仍孫 / 仍孙
* 來孫 / 来孙 (láisūn)
* 兒孫 / 儿孙 (érsūn)
* 內孫 / 内孙 (nèisūn)
* 公子王孫 / 公子王孙
* 公孫大娘 / 公孙大娘
* 公孫樹 / 公孙树 (gōngsūnshù)
* 公孫龍 / 公孙龙
* 公孫龍子 / 公孙龙子
* 參孫 / 参孙 (Cānsūn)
* 叔孫 / 叔孙 (Shūsūn)
* 吃子孫飯 / 吃子孙饭
* 名落孫山 / 名落孙山 (míngluòsūnshān)
* 含飴弄孫 / 含饴弄孙 (hányínòngsūn)
* 哀王孫 / 哀王孙
* 土行孫 / 土行孙
* 外孫 / 外孙 (wàisūn)
* 外孫女 / 外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
* 多子多孫 / 多子多孙
* 天孫 / 天孙
* 太孫 / 太孙
* 女孫 / 女孙
* 姪孫 / 侄孙 (zhísūn)
* 嫡孫 / 嫡孙 (dísūn)
* 嫡孫承重 / 嫡孙承重
* 子子孫孫 / 子子孙孙 (zǐzǐsūnsūn)
* 子孝孫賢 / 子孝孙贤
* 子孫 / 子孙 (zǐsūn)
* 子孫桶 / 子孙桶
* 子孫滿堂 / 子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)
* 孝子慈孫 / 孝子慈孙
* 孝子賢孫 / 孝子贤孙 (xiàozǐxiánsūn)
* 孫兒 / 孙儿 (sūn'ér)
* 孫卿 / 孙卿
* 孫吳 / 孙吴
* 孫女 / 孙女 (sūnnǚ)
* 孫女婿 / 孙女婿 (sūnnǚxù)
* 孫子 / 孙子
* 孫子兵法 / 孙子兵法 (Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ)
* 孫山之外 / 孙山之外
* 孫康映雪 / 孙康映雪
* 孫悟空 / 孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng)
* 孫文學說 / 孙文学说
* 孫晨稿席 / 孙晨稿席
* 孫枝 / 孙枝
* 孫炎 / 孙炎
* 孫王營 / 孙王营 (Sūnwángyíng)
* 孫竹 / 孙竹
* 孫絡 / 孙络
* 孫臏 / 孙膑 (Sūn Bìn)
* 孫郎 / 孙郎 (Sūnláng)
* 封祖蔭孫 / 封祖荫孙
* 徒子徒孫 / 徒子徒孙 (túzǐtúsūn)
* 徠孫 / 徕孙
* 德流子孫 / 德流子孙
* 慈孫孝子 / 慈孙孝子
* 慶流子孫 / 庆流子孙
* 打剌孫 / 打剌孙 (dǎlàsūn)
* 承重孫 / 承重孙 (chéngzhòngsūn)
* 抱子弄孫 / 抱子弄孙
* 斷子絕孫 / 断子绝孙 (duànzǐjuésūn)
* 曾孫 / 曾孙 (zēngsūn)
* 桂子蘭孫 / 桂子兰孙
* 毓子孕孫 / 毓子孕孙
* 炎黃子孫 / 炎黄子孙 (Yán-Huáng zǐsūn)
* 烏孫 / 乌孙 (wūsūn)
* 燕啄皇孫 / 燕啄皇孙
* 猞猁孫 / 猞猁孙
* 猴孫王 / 猴孙王
* 玄孫 / 玄孙 (xuánsūn)
* 王孫 / 王孙 (wángsūn)
* 王孫公子 / 王孙公子
* 百子千孫 / 百子千孙
* 祖孫 / 祖孙
* 竹孫 / 竹孙
* 答剌孫 / 答剌孙
* 系孫 / 系孙
* 絕子絕孫 / 绝子绝孙 (juézǐjuésūn)
* 耳孫 / 耳孙
* 落孫山 / 落孙山
* 裝孫子 / 装孙子 (zhuāngsūnzi)
* 西姆孫線 / 西姆孙线
* 詒厥孫謀 / 诒厥孙谋
* 貽厥孫謀 / 贻厥孙谋
* 適孫 / 适孙
* 重孫 / 重孙 (chóngsūn)
* 重孫女 / 重孙女 (chóngsūnnǚ)
* 重孫媳 / 重孙媳
* 長孫 / 长孙 (zhǎngsūn)
* 長孫媳 / 长孙媳
* 雲孫 / 云孙 (yúnsūn)
* 龍孫 / 龙孙
* 龍孫帝子 / 龙孙帝子

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xùn (xun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seon$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sùn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^4$
*** Yale: syùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seon$^3$
*** Yale: seun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soen$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùn
*** Tâi-lô: sùn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²¹/

#### Definitions

孫
* (literary) Alternative form of 遜 / 逊 (xùn)
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Bāng yǒu dào, wēiyán wēixíng; bāng wúdào, wēixíng yán xùn.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* grandchild

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kun: まご (mago, 孫, Jōyō)
* Nanori: さね (sane)、ただ (tada)、ひこ (hiko)、ひろ (hiro)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 孫
* むまご Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

孫(むまご) • (mumago)
* grandchild

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 孫
* うまご Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
/mumaɡo/ → /umaɡo/.

#### Noun

孫(うまご) • (umago)
* grandchild

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 孫
* まご Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
/umaɡo/ → /maɡo/.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まご [màgóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ma̠ɡo̞]

#### Noun

孫(まご) • (mago)
* grandchild

##### Antonyms

* 祖父母(そふぼ) (sofubo, “grandparent”)

##### Derived terms

* 孫(まご)の手(て) (mago no te)
* 狐(キツネ)の孫(マゴ) (kitsune no mago)
* 曽(ひ)孫(まご) (himago)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 孫
* そん Grade: 4
* goon
From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そん [sòń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

孫(そん) • (son)
* (rare) descendant (usually of a certain generation)
* (archaic) lineage; pedigree
* (archaic) grandchild

#### Compounds

* 嫡(ちゃく)孫(そん) (chakuson)
* 天(てん)孫(そん) (tenson)
* 子(し)孫(そん) (shison)
* 児(じ​)孫(そん) (ji​son)
* 曽(そー)孫(そん) (sōson)
* 玄(げん)孫(そん) (genson)
* 孫(そん)子(し) (sonshi)
* 孫(そん)悟(ご)空(くう) (songokū)
* 公(こー)孫(そ​ん)樹(じゅ) (kōso​nju)

## Korean

Wikisource

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon). Recorded as Middle Korean 손 (swon) (Yale: swon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

孫 (eumhun 손자 손 (sonja son))
* hanja form of 손 (“grandchild”)
* hanja form of 손 (“a surname”)

#### Compounds

* 손녀(孫女) (sonnyeo)
* 손자(孫子) (sonja)
* 자손(子孫) (jason)
* 증손(曾孫) (jeungson)
* 현손(玄孫) (hyeonson)
* 후손(後孫) (huson)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孫: Hán Việt readings: tôn, tốn
孫: Nôm readings: cháu, tuôn
* chữ Hán form of tôn (“grandchild”).

#### References

* 1 2 Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Trần (2004).