# vodka
## English
### Alternative forms

* vodki, vodky

### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”). The archaic Russian name for vodka was хле́бное вино́ (xlébnoje vinó, “grain wine”); V. Pokhlyobkin's research suggests the present name derived from expressions concerning the dilution of the initial pure distilled spirit such as "vodka of grain wine".
Cognates include Sanskrit उदक (udaka), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) → English hydro-, English whisky and English water.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɒdkə/
* (US) IPA: /ˈvɑdkə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒdkə

### Noun

vodka (countable and uncountable, plural vodkas)
* A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.
** 1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 20, in Friday's Business‎:Eurydice pointed to the cupboard, and sat down on the low divan with folded hands, and looked at the floor. She was quite white. Elsa made her drink a glass of vodka.
* A serving of the above beverage.
** 1986, Marc Polonsky, Russell Taylor, USSR, From an Original Idea by Karl Marx, Faber and Faber, →ISBN:You should mutter sullenly into your glass, cursing the serving woman (Witch! Hag! Poison!) or the vodka (Poison! Bitch!), as the one pours you another glass of the other.
* (US standards of identity) Neutral spirits distilled (or treated after distillation) so as to have no distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.
* (countable, military slang, ethnic slur) A Russian.
* (uncountable, military slang) Russian language.

#### Derived terms

* caipivodka
* penne alla vodka
* Scotchka
* vodka beetle
* vodka cran
* vodkaholic
* vodkaless
* vodkalike
* vodka luge
* vodka sauce
* vodkatini
* vodka tonic

#### Descendants

* → Cebuano: bodka
* → Welsh: fodca

#### Translations
### References

* 1 2 Lighter, Jonathan (1972) “The Slang of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, 1917-1919: An Historical Glossary”, in American Speech‎, volume 47, number 1/2, page 114

### Further reading

* vodka on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Cornish
### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: [ˈvɔdka]
* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: [ˈvɔdkɐ]

### Noun

vodka f (plural vodkas)
* vodka

### References

* Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
* Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 190
* vodka in the Alternative Cornish Dictionary

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka). By surface analysis, voda +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvotka]
* Rhymes: -otka
* Hyphenation: vod‧ka

### Noun

vodka f (relational adjective vodkový)
* vodka

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “vodka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vodka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vodka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Noun

vodka
* vodka

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* votka

### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋodkɑ/, [ˈʋo̞dkɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -odkɑ
* Hyphenation: vod‧ka

### Noun

vodka
* vodka

#### Declension

Possessive forms of vodka (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
vodkani
vodkani
accusative
nom.
vodkani
vodkani
gen.
vodkani
genitive
vodkani
vodkieni vodkaini $^{rare}$
partitive
vodkaani
vodkiani
inessive
vodkassani
vodkissani
elative
vodkastani
vodkistani
illative
vodkaani
vodkiini
adessive
vodkallani
vodkillani
ablative
vodkaltani
vodkiltani
allative
vodkalleni
vodkilleni
essive
vodkanani
vodkinani
translative
vodkakseni
vodkikseni
abessive
vodkattani
vodkittani
instructive
comitative
—vodkineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
vodkasi
vodkasi
accusative
nom.
vodkasi
vodkasi
gen.
vodkasi
genitive
vodkasi
vodkiesi vodkaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
vodkaasi
vodkiasi
inessive
vodkassasi
vodkissasi
elative
vodkastasi
vodkistasi
illative
vodkaasi
vodkiisi
adessive
vodkallasi
vodkillasi
ablative
vodkaltasi
vodkiltasi
allative
vodkallesi
vodkillesi
essive
vodkanasi
vodkinasi
translative
vodkaksesi
vodkiksesi
abessive
vodkattasi
vodkittasi
instructive
comitative
—vodkinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
vodkamme
vodkamme
accusative
nom.
vodkamme
vodkamme
gen.
vodkamme
genitive
vodkamme
vodkiemme vodkaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
vodkaamme
vodkiamme
inessive
vodkassamme
vodkissamme
elative
vodkastamme
vodkistamme
illative
vodkaamme
vodkiimme
adessive
vodkallamme
vodkillamme
ablative
vodkaltamme
vodkiltamme
allative
vodkallemme
vodkillemme
essive
vodkanamme
vodkinamme
translative
vodkaksemme
vodkiksemme
abessive
vodkattamme
vodkittamme
instructive
comitative
—vodkinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
vodkanne
vodkanne
accusative
nom.
vodkanne
vodkanne
gen.
vodkanne
genitive
vodkanne
vodkienne vodkainne $^{rare}$
partitive
vodkaanne
vodkianne
inessive
vodkassanne
vodkissanne
elative
vodkastanne
vodkistanne
illative
vodkaanne
vodkiinne
adessive
vodkallanne
vodkillanne
ablative
vodkaltanne
vodkiltanne
allative
vodkallenne
vodkillenne
essive
vodkananne
vodkinanne
translative
vodkaksenne
vodkiksenne
abessive
vodkattanne
vodkittanne
instructive
comitative
—vodkinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
vodkansa
vodkansa
accusative
nom.
vodkansa
vodkansa
gen.
vodkansa
genitive
vodkansa
vodkiensa vodkainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
vodkaansa
vodkiaan vodkiansa
inessive
vodkassaan vodkassansa
vodkissaan vodkissansa
elative
vodkastaan vodkastansa
vodkistaan vodkistansa
illative
vodkaansa
vodkiinsa
adessive
vodkallaan vodkallansa
vodkillaan vodkillansa
ablative
vodkaltaan vodkaltansa
vodkiltaan vodkiltansa
allative
vodkalleen vodkallensa
vodkilleen vodkillensa
essive
vodkanaan vodkanansa
vodkinaan vodkinansa
translative
vodkakseen vodkaksensa
vodkikseen vodkiksensa
abessive
vodkattaan vodkattansa
vodkittaan vodkittansa
instructive
comitative
—vodkineen vodkinensa :

#### Synonyms

* paloviina
* viina

#### Derived terms

* vodkalime
* vodkaturisti

### Further reading

* “vodka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɔd.ka/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

vodka f (plural vodkas)
* vodka

### Further reading

* “vodka”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvotkɒ]
* Hyphenation: vod‧ka
* Rhymes: -kɒ

### Noun

vodka (plural vodkák)
* vodka

#### Derived terms

* vodkás

### Further reading

* vodka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɔt.kʰa/

### Noun

vodka n (genitive singular vodka, no plural)
* vodka

#### Declension
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* wodka (nonstandard)

### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɔt.ka/
* Rhymes: -ka
* Hyphenation: vod‧ka

### Noun

vodka
* vodka
** a clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash
** a serving of the above beverage

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɔd.ka/
* Rhymes: -ɔdka
* Hyphenation: vòd‧ka

### Noun

vodka f (invariable)
* vodka

## Norman
### Etymology

From English vodka, from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Noun

vodka m (plural vodkas)
* (Jersey) vodka

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɔdkɑ/
* Rhymes: -ɑ

### Noun

vodka m (definite singular vodkaen)
* vodka

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Noun

vodka m (definite singular vodkaen)
* vodka

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* vodca

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɔd͡ʒ.kɐ/, /ˈvɔ.d͡ʒi.kɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɔd͡ʒ.kɐ/, /ˈvɔ.d͡ʒi.kɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɔd͡ʒ.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈvɔ.dkɐ/ [ˈvɔ.ðkɐ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈvɔ.dkɐ/ [ˈvɔ.ðkɐ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɔ.dkɐ/ [ˈbɔ.ðkɐ]
* Rhymes: -ɔd͡ʒkɐ, -ɔd͡ʒikɐ, -ɔdkɐ
* Hyphenation: vod‧ka

### Noun

vodka f (plural vodkas)
* vodka (alcoholic drink, colorless and almost tasteless, obtained from cereals, originating in Eastern Europe)

### Further reading

* “vodka”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “vodka”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vodъka, equivalent to voda (“water”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɔtka]

### Noun

vodka f (genitive singular vodky, nominative plural vodky, genitive plural vodiek, declension pattern of žena)
* vodka

#### Derived terms

* vodkový

### Further reading

* “vodka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* vodca (rare)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka, literally “little water”), a diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbodka/ [ˈboð̞.ka]
* Rhymes: -odka
* Syllabification: vod‧ka

### Noun

vodka m or f (plural vodkas)
* vodka

#### Usage notes

Vodka is usually treated as a masculine noun, but feminine noun usage is permitted per its etymology.

### Further reading

* “vodka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “vodka” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɔdka/

### Noun

vodka c
* vodka

#### Declension
### References

* vodka in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* vodka in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* vodka in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)