OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 儜

| 儜 | U+511C, &#20764; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-511C |
| ← 儛 [U+511B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 儝 → [U+511D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

儜 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人十心弓 (OJPN), four-corner 2322$_1$, composition ⿰亻寧)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 120, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1238
* Dae Jaweon: page 254, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 232, character 5
* Unihan data for U+511C

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): níng (ning$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ning$^4$ / nang$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níng
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^2$
*** Yale: níng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ning
*** Palladius: нин (nin)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ning$^4$ / nang$^4$
*** Yale: nìhng / nàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ning$^4$ / nang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ning$^4$ / neng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɪŋ²¹/, /nɐŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
*** Tâi-lô: lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: nreang
Rime :
| Character | 儜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (117) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 女耕切 |
| Baxter | nreang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠɛŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚæŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɐŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳəɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /nɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /næŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /næŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | néng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rneːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 儜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9548 |
| Phonetic component | 寧 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 儜 |
| Old Chinese | /*rneːŋ/ |

### Definitions

儜
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cowardly; weak
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 您 (nín, “(polite) you”)

#### Compounds

* 傖儜 / 伧佇
* 儜奴 / 佇奴
* 儜弱 / 佇弱

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* weak
* wearied
* in distress

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): どう (dō)、にょう (nyō)
* Kun: なやむ (nayamu, 儜む)、よわい (yowai, 儜い)

## Korean
### Hanja

儜 • (nyeong) (hangeul 녕, revised nyeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng)
* suffer
* weak
# collocation extraction
## English
### Noun

collocation extraction (uncountable)
* (computational linguistics) The automated process of identifying and extracting word combinations that frequently appear together in a given corpus.

#### See also

* statistically improbable phrase
# zastąpić
## Polish
### Etymology

From za- +‎ stąpić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaˈstɔm.pit͡ɕ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /zasˈtɔm.pit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔmpit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧stą‧pić

### Verb

zastąpić pf (imperfective zastępować)
* (transitive) to stand in for, to deputise for, to replace
* (intransitive, Kielce) Synonym of zajść w ciążę

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* zastąpić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zastąpić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “zastąpić”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 340
# -ple
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəl/

### Etymology 1

From Latin -plus (“more, in sum”).

#### Suffix

-ple
* (as a noun) A tuple containing the specified number of terms.
* (as an adjective) Containing the specified number of terms.
** 1934, A. C. Aitken, “Note on Selection from a Multivariate Normal Population”, in Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 4, page 108:[…] where the integral is n-ple, dx standing in for dx$_1$dx$_2$....dx$_n$.

##### Synonyms

* (noun): -tuple (in current use)

### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis).

#### Suffix

-ple
* (non-productive) Alternative form of -polis used in transcriptions of medieval Greek city names.
    Constantinopolis → Constantinople
    Adrianopolis → Adrianople

### Anagrams

* 'elp, EPL, LEP, LPE, lep, pel
# zbróć
## Polish
### Etymology

From z- +‎ bróć.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈzbrut͡ɕ/

### Verb

zbróć pf
* (reflexive with się, Kielce) Synonym of ogonić się [with dative ‘whom’]
    Nie mogłam zbruć się złodziejowi. ― I couldn't fend off the thief.

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “zbruć”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 340
# ئەتمەك
## Uyghur
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐱅 (et-, “to make”), from Proto-Turkic *ēt-.

#### Verb

ئەتمەك • (etmek)
* to do, to make

##### Synonyms

* قىلماق (qilmaq)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ئەتمەك • (etmek) (plural ئەتمەكلەر (etmekler))
* (obsolete) naan (نان (nan) is the preferred word in modern Uyghur)
# zuchel
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈzu.xɛl/

### Noun

zuchel m inan
* (Kielce) Alternative form of żuchel

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “zuchel”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 340
# MJPEG
## English
### Etymology

From motion +‎ JPEG.

### Proper noun

MJPEG
* (computer graphics, file format) A video compression format in which each video frame or interlaced field of a digital video sequence is compressed separately as a JPEG image.

### Noun

MJPEG (plural MJPEGs)
* An individual file in this format.
# ODNI
## English
### Proper noun

ODNI
* Abbreviation of Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
# inquice
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* enquice

### Etymology

Borrowed from Kongo nkisi (“medicine, charm”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩˈki.si/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩˈki.si/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩˈki.se/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩˈki.sɨ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -isi, (Portugal) -isɨ

### Noun

inquice m (plural inquices)
* nkisi (a spirit, or an object inhabited by a spirit, in Bantu religious beliefs)
* (Bahia) orisha (in the Candomblé traditions of Angola and Congo)

#### Derived terms

* zelador de inquice

### Further reading

* “inquice”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “inquice”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “inquice”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025
# kick some tail
## English
### Alternative forms

* kick tail

### Verb

kick some tail (third-person singular simple present kicks some tail, present participle kicking some tail, simple past and past participle kicked some tail)
* (slang, idiomatic) To be authoritative and assertive in order to achieve or accomplish something.
* (slang, idiomatic) To thoroughly defeat someone.
# kinsa
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From earlier sinsa (with replacement of s- by k-), from Proto-Bisayan *sinquh + *-sa "rapport particle".

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: kin‧sa
* IPA: /ˈkinsa/ [ˈkin̪.s̪ɐ]

### Pronoun

kinsa (Badlit spelling ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ)
* (interrogative) who
    Kinsa (ka)na siya? ― Who is he/she?
    Kinsa ka? ― Who are you?

#### Derived terms

* bisan kinsa
* kinsaon

## Quechua
### Numeral

kinsa
* (Cuzco-Collao) Alternative spelling of kimsa
# direnmek
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ذیرنمك, from Proto-Turkic *ti-. Passive form of diremek.

### Verb

direnmek (third-person singular simple present direnir)
* to resist
    Bazen arzularıma direnirim özgürlüğümü hissetmek için.Sometimes I resist my desires in order to feel I'm free.
    Siz beni istemeseniz yine kararımda direneceğim.If you don't want me, I will still insist on my decision.

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Related terms

* diremek

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دیرنمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 597
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “direnmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* “direnmek”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# uğratmak
## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [uɰratmak]
* Hyphenation: uğ‧rat‧mak

### Verb

uğratmak (third-person singular simple present uğratır)
* to cause

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:
# öldürmek
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öltür- (“to kill”). Cognate to Kumyk оьлтюрмек (öltürmek), etc.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: öl‧dür‧mek

### Verb

öldürmek
* to destroy, annihilate
* to kill, murder

#### Conjugation

$^{1)}$Only used for repeatings of a verb.

### References

* “öldürmek”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Turkish
### Etymology

Causative form of ölmek (“to die”). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *öltür- (“to kill”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [œldyɾmec]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

öldürmek (third-person singular simple present öldürür)
* (transitive) to kill, to murder (with accusative case)
    Onu öldürdüler.They killed [him/her/it].
** 1934 December 15, advertisement in Akşam:
    Hummai Tifoidi, sizi öldürmeden evvel siz, sinekleri öldürünüzKill flies before typhoid fever kills you.

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* öldürtmek
* öldürülmek

#### Related terms

* öldürücü (“lethal”)

#### See also

* cinayet işlemek
* elini kana bulamak

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öltür- (“to kill”). Causative form of ölmek (“to die”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ølːʏɾˈmøk/

### Verb

öldürmek
* to kill, to murder

#### Related terms

* öldürilmek (“to be killed”)
* öldürtmek

### Further reading

* “öldürmek” in Enedilim.com
* “öldürmek” in Webonary.org
# içmek
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ič-

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: iç‧mek

### Verb

içmek
* to drink

#### Conjugation

$^{1)}$Only used for repeatings of a verb.

### Further reading

* “içmek”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ایچمك (içmek), from Proto-Turkic *ič-. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰲 (ič-), Karakhanid اِجْماكْ (ičmēk).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /it͡ʃˈmɛc/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: iç‧mek

### Verb

içmek (third-person singular simple present içer)
* (transitive) to drink, to swallow a liquid
* (intransitive) to consume alcohol
    O akşam saat ikiye kadar içtiler. ― That night they drank until 2 AM in the night.
* (transitive, of tobacco products) to smoke, to inhale
* (transitive, figuratively) to absorb

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* içecek
* içim
* içirmek
* içki
* içme
* içme suyu
* içtikleri su ayrı gitmemek

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “iç-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 19
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ič-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “iç-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “içmek”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “içmek”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2089

## Turkmen
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ič- (“to drink”).

#### Verb

içmek
* to drink

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

içmek (definite accusative içmeki, plural içmekler)
* a sheepskin coat

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “içmek” in Enedilim.com
* “içmek” in Webonary.org
# eşmek
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ēĺ-. Compare Turkish eşmek below.

### Verb

eşmek
* to grub
* to disarrange

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish اشمك (eşmek, “to dig up slightly, scratch the soil”), from Proto-Turkic *eĺ-.
Cognate with Azerbaijani eşmək (“to tear”), Bashkir ишеү (işew, “to row”), Chagatai [script needed] (eşmek, “to dig”), Chuvash алтма (altma, “to dig”), Tuvan эжер (ejer, “to row”), эштир (eştir, “to swim”).

#### Verb

eşmek (third-person singular simple present eşer)
* (transitive) to scratch, dig (the soil) lightly
* (transitive) to research and investigate

##### Synonyms

* deşmek
* kazmak

##### Derived terms

* eşme
* eşiş
* eşici
* eşilmek
* eşinmek
* eştirmek
* eşelemek
* eşmemek
* eşememek
* eşebilmek

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish اشمك (eşmek, “to amble”), from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, trot, amble”).
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (eş-, “to walk, trot”), Chuvash ишме (išme, “to plod”), Southern Altai эжер (ežer, “to walk, go (with whom)”), Yakut ис (is, “to move”).

#### Verb

eşmek (third-person singular simple present eşer)
* (intransitive, for a horse) to trot

##### Related terms

* (?) eşek
* eşkin

### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ēĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ẹĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# övmek
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اوگمك (öğmek, “to praise”), from Proto-Turkic *ög-mek, *ȫg-mek (“to praise”) .
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰇𐰏 (ög-, “to praise”), Karakhanid اۥوکْماكْ (ȫgmēk, “to praise”), Turkmen öwmek (“to compliment, praise”), Azerbaijani öymək (“to praise”), Tuvan өөрүүр (öörüür, “to rejoice”), Yakut үөр (üör, “to rejoice”).

### Verb

övmek (third-person singular simple present över)
* (transitive) to compliment, praise, laud

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Antonyms

* yermek

#### Derived terms

* övgü

#### Related terms

* övdük
* övdürmek
* öve
* övebilmek
* övecek
* öveli
* övememek
* övesi
* övme
* övmemek
* övmez
* övmüş
* övü
* övücü
* övülmek
* övünç
* övünmek
* övüş

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ög-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# üşenmek
## Turkish
### Etymology

Cognate to Gagauz üüşenmää, Turkmen üýşenmek, from Proto-Turkic *ǖšen-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /yʃenˈmec/

### Verb

üşenmek (third-person singular simple present üşenir)
* (intransitive) not to have a desire or to feel too lazy to do something
    Synonym: erinmek
* (idiomatic, intransitive) can't be bothered to do something

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* üşenç
* üşengeç
* üşengeçlik

#### Related terms

* usanmak

#### Further reading

* ↑ Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎ (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 63
* “üşenmek”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# duymak
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دویمق (duymak), from Proto-Turkic *tuj- (“to perceive (by ears or nose), notice”). Compare to Southern Altai туй- (tuy-, “to notice, learn”), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dujˈmak/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: duy‧mak

### Verb

duymak (third-person singular simple present duyar)
* to hear
    Synonym: işitmek
* to feel (an emotion or sensation)
    Synonym: hissetmek
* (+ saygı ~) to respect

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* duygu
* duygusal
* duygulu
* duyum
* duyumsamak
* duyurmak
* duyuru

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*duj-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# kışkırtmak
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قشقرتمق (kışkırtmak).

### Verb

kışkırtmak (third-person singular simple present kışkırtır)
* to arouse
* to incite

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* kışkırtıcı
# el sıkışmak
## Turkish
### Verb

el sıkışmak
* to shake hands

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:
# seslenmek
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سسلنمك (seslenmek), equivalent to ses +‎ -len +‎ -mek.

### Verb

seslenmek (third-person singular simple present seslenir)
* to call (to cry or shout)

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Synonyms

* çağırmak

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سسلنمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 678b
# öksürmek
## Crimean Tatar

Other scripts :
| Cyrillic | ёксюрмек |
| Roman | |

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üskür- (“to cough”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ök‧sür‧mek

### Verb

öksürmek
* to cough

#### Conjugation

$^{1)}$Only used for repeatings of a verb.

#### Related terms

* öksürik (“cough”)

### References

* “öksürmek”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اوكسورمك (öksürmek), from Proto-Turkic *üskür-. Cognate with Azerbaijani öskürmək, Chuvash ӳсӗр (üs̬ĕr), etc.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

öksürmek
* to cough

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اوكسورمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 263
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*üskür-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# osurmak
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اوصورمق (osurmak), itself from Proto-Turkic *osgur- (“to fart”). Cognate with Salar ossıra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [osuɾˈmɑk]
* Hyphenation: o‧sur‧mak

### Verb

osurmak
* (informal) to fart
    Biri osurmuş! - Someone has farted!

#### Usage notes

* Generally, in formal or polite scenarios "yellenmek" is more commonly used.

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Synonyms

* yellenmek
* gaz çıkarmak
# перо
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *però.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɛˈrɔ]

### Noun

перо́ • (peró) n (diminutive перце́)
* feather
* plume
* pen

#### Declension
### References

* “перо”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “перо”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *però. See there for more.

### Noun

перо • (pero)
* feather
* (cycling) chainstay
* (cycling) seatstay

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pero (“feather”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛɾɔ]

### Noun

перо • (pero) n (diminutive перце)
* (rare) feather
* quill
* shuttlecock

#### See also

* пердув (perduv)

## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *però; see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʲɪˈro]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

перо́ • (peró) n inan (genitive пера́, nominative plural пе́рья, genitive plural пе́рьев, relational adjective перьево́й, diminutive пёрышко)
* feather
* plume
* nib, quill (writing implement)
* (criminal slang) knife
* (figurative) fin (of a marine creature)
* (cycling) chainstay
* (cycling) seatstay

#### Declension

$^△$Irregular.
$^△$Irregular.

#### Related terms

* белопёрый (belopjóryj)
* златопёрый (zlatopjóryj)
* краснопёрый (krasnopjóryj)
* опере́ние (operénije)
* опериться (operitʹsja)
* пери́на f (perína)
* пе́ристый (péristyj)
* перна́тый (pernátyj)
* светлопёрый (svetlopjóryj)
* синепёрый (sinepjóryj)
* чернопёрый (černopjóryj)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: pero
* → Kildin Sami: пера (pjera)
* → Ingrian: pero

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pěro/
* Hyphenation: пе‧ро

### Noun

пѐро n (Latin spelling pèro)
* feather, plume
* pen, quill (for writing)
    чов(ј)ек од пера ― a man of letters
* (figuratively) author, writer
* plectrum
    Synonyms: плѐктро̄н, тр̏залица
* flange of a mace head

#### Derived terms

* пе̑рје
* пѐрнат
* пе́рница

### References

* “перо”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [peˈrɔ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

перо́ • (peró) n inan (genitive пера́, nominative plural пе́ра, genitive plural пер, diminutive пірце́ or пір'ї́нка or піри́нка)
* pen
* feather

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “перо”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “перо”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# yıkmak
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ییقمق (yıkmak, “to pull down, demolish, ruin, unload”), from Proto-Turkic *yïk- (“to crush”).

### Verb

yıkmak (third-person singular simple present yıkar)
* to knock down, demolish
* to ravage

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Synonyms

* tahrip etmek

#### Derived terms

* yıkıcı

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jɨk-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

### Further reading

* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
# tapmak
## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɑp.mɑk/

### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish طاپمق (tapmak, “to find, meet; to bow down, worship”), from Proto-Turkic *tap- (“to serve, worship”). Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (tap-, “to serve, worship”).

#### Verb

tapmak (third-person singular simple present tapar)
* (intransitive) to serve worship, regard sth. as divine
* (intransitive, figurative) to adore, idolize

##### Derived terms

* tapma
* tapış
* tapınmak
* taptırmak
* tapılmak
* tapmamak
* tapamamak
* tapabilmek

##### Related terms

* tapu

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish طاپمق (tapmak, “to find”), from Proto-Turkic *tap- (“to find”). Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (tap-, “to find”), etc.

#### Verb

tapmak (third-person singular simple present tapar)
* (transitive, obsolete, dialectal) to find
    Synonym: bulmak

##### Derived terms

* tapışmak
* tapşırmak
* tapşırık

### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “tap”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* 1 2 Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tap-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tăp”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tap- (“to find”)

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tap‧mak

### Verb

tapmak
* to find

#### Derived terms

* tapylmak

### Further reading

* “tapmak” in Enedilim.com
* “tapmak” in Webonary.org