# 震

| 震 | U+9707, &#38663; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9707 |
| ← 霆 [U+9706] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 霈 → [U+9708] |

## Translingual
### Han character

震 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月一一女 (MBMMV), four-corner 1023$_2$, composition ⿱⻗辰)

#### Derived characters

* 𢤟, 𢸍, 𤂪, 𭩒, 𨯂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1374, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42300
* Dae Jaweon: page 1883, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4064, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9707

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 震
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 辴 | *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn |
| 屒 | *tɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 振 | *tjɯn, *tjɯns |
| 侲 | *tjɯn, *tjɯn |
| 桭 | *tjɯn, *djɯn |
| 唇 | *tjɯn, *ɦljun |
| 帪 | *tjɯn |
| 賑 | *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns |
| 裖 | *tjɯnʔ |
| 敐 | *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 震 | *tjɯn |
| 娠 | *tjɯns, *hljɯn |
| 蜃 | *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins |
| 辰 | *djɯn |
| 晨 | *djɯn, *ɦljɯn |
| 宸 | *djɯn |
| 鷐 | *djɯn |
| 麎 | *djɯn |
| 祳 | *djɯnʔ |
| 脤 | *djɯnʔ |
| 鋠 | *djɯnʔ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 陙 | *djun |
| 脣 | *ɦljun |
| 漘 | *ɦljun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjɯn): semantic 雨 + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn).

### Etymology

Related to 振 (OC *tjɯns, “to shake”), probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhèn (zhen$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen$^3$ / ten$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zan$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zin$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ziin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́n
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zen$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeng$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): cěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chín / chìn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zing$^2$ / dung$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$tsen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen$^4$ / ten$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^4$
*** Yale: jèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zen$^3$ / ten$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen / ten
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sən⁵³/, /tʰən⁵³/
* zen3 - literary;
* ten3 - vernacular (“to shake”).
* Middle Chinese: tsyinH
Rime :
| Character | 震 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 章刃切 |
| Baxter | tsyinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tər-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 震 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tər-s/ |
| English | clap of thunder |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 震 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1367 |
| Phonetic component | 辰 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 震 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjɯn/ |

#### Definitions

震
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thunder
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of lightning) to strike
* to tremble; to shake; to jolt; to quake
* (literary, or in compounds) earthquake
    震央 ― zhènyāng ― epicentre of an earthquake
* (literary, or in compounds, obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be excited; to be aroused; to be shocked
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stir; to invigorate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) power; prestige; dignity
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fear; to tremble
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) the east
* 4th of the 8 trigrams
* 51st hexagram of the I Ching
* (～國) (historical) Jin; Zhen (original name of the Balhae state)
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (thunder): 雷 (léi); (Cantonese, Hokkien, Teochew) 雷公 (léigōng); (Jin) 忽雷
* (to shake): 震動／震动 (zhèndòng)
* (earthquake):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 地震, 地牛翻身 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 地震 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 地震, 老鱉翻身 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 地震, 地動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 地震 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 地震 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 地震 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 地震, 地動 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 地震, 地動 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 地震, 地動 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 地陷 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 地震, 地動 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 地震 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 地震 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 地震 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 地震, 鰲魚眨眼地翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 地震 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 地震 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 地動, 龍翻身哩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 地震, 地牛搖頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 地震, 地動 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qimen (Anling; Junhua) | 鰲魚翻身 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 地動 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 地震 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 地震, 地動 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 地震 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 地震, 蛟龍翻身 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 地震, 鰲魚翻身, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 地震, 鰲魚換肩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 地震, 鱷魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 地震 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 地震, 地動, 鱷魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 地動, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 地震, 地動 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚擦眼睛, 鰲魚眨眼睛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 地震, 地動 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 地震, 地動 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 地震, 地動 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 地震 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 地震, 鰲魚翻身 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 地震 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 地震 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 地震, 地牛躝側 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 地震 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚動翅 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 地震 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 地震, 孽龍轉身 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 地震, 天地轉側 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 地牛轉側 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 地轉側 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 地震, 地轉側 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Jiexi (Huizhai) | 地牛換肩 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Changting | 鰲魚翻身 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 地轉側 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 鰲魚轉側, 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 地震, 地動 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 地震 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 地動 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 天轉側 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 地牛轉肩 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 地震 |
| Huizhou | Qimen (Anling; Minhua) | 鰲魚翻身, 地震 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Datong | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 地動 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 地動 |
| Jin | Linhe | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Jining | 地搖 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 地震 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 地動 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 地震 |
| Jin | Handan | 地震, 地動 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 地動 |
| Jin | Suide | 地震, 土牛兒翻身 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 地震, 地牛反肩 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 地震, 地牛轉肩 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 地震, 地牛車轉身 dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 地牛過肩, 地顫 rural |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 地動 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 地牛翻身, 地動 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 地動, 塗牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 地牛翻身, 地動 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 地動, 塗牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 地動, 地牛翻身 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 地動, 地顫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 地動 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 地震 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 地震 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 地牛換肩 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 地牛翻身 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 地動 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 地動 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 龍翻身, 牛搏肩 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 地震 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 地震, 地動 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 地震 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 地震, 天搖地動 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 地震, 地藏王轉肩 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 地震 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 地震 |
* (to be excited):
* 受刺激 (shòu cìjī)
* 激動 / 激动 (jīdòng)
* 衝動 / 冲动 (chōngdòng)
* 震動 / 震动 (zhèndòng) (literary)

#### Compounds

* 中源地震
* 名震一時 / 名震一时
* 喊聲震天 / 喊声震天 (hǎnshēngzhèntiān)
* 地震 (dìzhèn)
* 地震儀 / 地震仪 (dìzhènyí)
* 地震帶 / 地震带 (dìzhèndài)
* 地震強度 / 地震强度
* 地震規模 / 地震规模
* 天震地駭 / 天震地骇
* 威震 (wēizhèn)
* 威震八方
* 威震天下
* 威震寰宇
* 手震
* 抗震 (kàngzhèn)
* 撼天震地
* 有感地震
* 構造地震 / 构造地震
* 殷天震地
* 殺聲震天 / 杀声震天
* 海底地震
* 海震 (hǎizhèn)
* 深源地震
* 減震器 / 减震器 (jiǎnzhènqì)
* 無感地震 / 无感地震
* 爆震
* 眩目震耳
* 耐震 (nàizhèn)
* 聲威大震 / 声威大震 (shēngwēidàzhèn)
* 腦震盪 / 脑震荡 (nǎozhèndàng)
* 訇雷震
* 車震 / 车震 (chēzhèn)
* 防震
* 防震設計 / 防震设计
* 雷震
* 電震 / 电震 (diànzhèn)
* 震中 (zhènzhōng)
* 震動 / 震动 (zhèndòng)
* 震古爍今 / 震古烁今 (zhèngǔshuòjīn)
* 震古鑠今 / 震古铄今
* 震嚇 / 震吓
* 震天 (zhèntiān)
* 震天價響 / 震天价响
* 震天動地 / 震天动地
* 震天雷
* 震天駭地 / 震天骇地
* 震央 (zhènyāng)
* 震宕
* 震度 (zhèndù)
* 震怒 (zhènnù)
* 震怖 (zhènbù)
* 震恐 (zhènkǒng)
* 震悚
* 震悸
* 震悼
* 震情
* 震感 (zhèngǎn)
* 震愕
* 震慄 / 震栗
* 震懾 / 震慑 (zhènshè)
* 震懼 / 震惧
* 震撼 (zhènhàn)
* 震撼人心 (zhènhànrénxīn)
* 震撼力
* 震撼彈 / 震撼弹 (zhènhàndàn)
* 震旦 (Zhèndàn)
* 震旦方向
* 震曜
* 震服
* 震波 (zhènbō)
* 震波測勘 / 震波测勘
* 震測 / 震测
* 震源 (zhènyuán)
* 震澤 / 震泽
* 震災 / 震灾 (zhènzāi)
* 震盪 / 震荡 (zhèndàng)
* 震級 / 震级 (zhènjí)
* 震耳
* 震耳欲聾 / 震耳欲聋 (zhèn'ěryùlóng)
* 震蕩 / 震荡 (zhèndàng)
* 震譜 / 震谱
* 震霆
* 震震
* 震音 (zhènyīn)
* 震響 / 震响 (zhènxiǎng)
* 震顫 / 震颤 (zhènchàn)
* 震顫麻痺 / 震颤麻痹
* 震駭 / 震骇 (zhènhài)
* 震驚 / 震惊 (zhènjīng)
* 餘震 / 余震 (yúzhèn)

#### References

* “震”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēn (shen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shen
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$
*** Yale: shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

震
* Alternative form of 娠 (shēn, “to be pregnant”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to quake
* to tremble

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kun: ふるう (furuu, 震う, Jōyō)、ふるえる (furueru, 震える, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 地(じ)震(しん) (jishin)
* 震(しん)度(ど) (shindo)
* 震(しん)動(どう) (shindō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 震
* しん Grade: S
* on'yomi

### Noun

震(しん) • (shin)
* the fourth of the eight trigrams of the I Ching ☳
    Hypernym: 八卦
    Coordinate terms: 乾, 兌, 離, 震, 巽, 坎, 艮, 坤
* the fifty-first of the sixty-four hexagrams of the I Ching ䷲
    Hypernym: 六十四卦

## Korean
### Hanja

震 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

震: Hán Nôm readings: chấn, dấn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.