# 玉

| 玉 | U+7389, &#29577; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7389 |
| ← 玈 [U+7388] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 玊 → [U+738A] |
| ⽟ | U+2F5F, &#12127; KANGXI RADICAL JADE |
| ← ⽞ [U+2F5E] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽠ → [U+2F60] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 𤣩 (When used as a radical component)

### Han character

玉 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈 (MGI), four-corner 1010$_3$, composition ⿱一圡 or ⿷王丶)
* Kangxi radical #96, ⽟.
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №6

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/玉
* 𠇤, 鿑, 𠰧, 𡊩, 𡛼, 𢫛, 𫞂, 𪸛, 砡, 𥩨, 𬗈, 𧉣, 䞝, 𧿷, 𨋔, 𣔣, 鈺(钰), 𩊇, 𩚽, 𩢤, 𪌞
* 𨚝, 𩿱(𬸃), 𡘇, 宝, 𪰑, 莹, 𬔵, 𧟪, 𦻒, 𩆜, 𮭳, 閠, 㓘, 匤, 国

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 726, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20821
* Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1100, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7389

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 玉 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script | Ming typeface |
| | Old Chinese |
| 珏 | *kŋroːɡ |
| 砡 | *ŋuɡ |
| 匤 | *kʰoɡ |
| 玉 | *ŋoɡ |
| 鳿 | *ŋoɡ |
| 頊 | *ŋoɡ, *hŋoɡ |
The character's shape was historically very similar to 王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two.
Pictogram (象形): a picture of a cong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.
It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.

### Etymology

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-lu(ŋ/k) (“stone”), which is also compared to 琭 (OC *roːɡ, “a kind of precious stone”) and 碭 (OC *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs, “brilliant veined stone”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yu$^4$ / yu$^2$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yū
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йү (yü, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): juk$^6$ / juk$^{6-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nguuk$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): y$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiu̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiug$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiug$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): y$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̀
* Eastern Min (BUC): nguŏh / ngṳ̆k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeh$^7$ / gyeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ge̍k / gia̍k / gio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghêg$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$gnioq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): rou$^6$ / y$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yu$^4$ / yu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: y / y
*** Sinological IPA : /y²¹³/, /y²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: yū
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): yu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁴⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йү (yü, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /y²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$ / juk$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: yuhk / yúk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$ / juk$^{9-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$ / yug$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚²/, /jʊk̚²⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nguuk$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡɵk̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: y$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /y¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiug$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiuk²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiʊk̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: y$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /y⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋy⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nguŏh / ngṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋuoʔ⁵/, /ŋyʔ⁵/
* nguŏh - vernacular;
* ngṳ̆k - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit玉 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /y²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /y⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /y²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /y³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /i²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /i²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /zz̩ʷ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /y⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /y³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /y⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵioʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵioʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵioʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /y²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵy¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /y⁵⁵/ /ʐəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /y⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /y²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiuk̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /juk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giɔk̚⁵/ /gik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋuoʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋy⁴²/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /gek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zi³³/ /zi³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjowk
Rime :
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚欲切 |
| Baxter | ngjowk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)ok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?) |
| English | jade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15971 |
| Phonetic component | 玉 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 玉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋoɡ/ |

### Definitions

玉
* jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite)
    一塊玉／一块玉 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ faai$^3$ juk$^{6-2}$ [Jyutping] ― a piece of jade
    玉佩 ― yùpèi ― jaden pendant
    玉石俱焚 ― yùshíjùfén ― the good and the bad perish together (literally, “jade and stone incinerated together”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐ qí zhī zǐ, měi rú yù. [Pinyin]
    That officer, Is elegant as a gem.
* pure; beautiful
    玉容 ― yùróng ― beautiful face (of a woman)
    亭亭玉立 ― tíngtíngyùlì ― slender and graceful (of a woman)
    錦衣玉食／锦衣玉食 ― jǐnyīyùshí ― to live a luxurious life
* (honorific) your
    玉照 ― yùzhào ― your photograph
* (Cantonese, borrowing) Alternative form of 肉
** Used in 玉冰燒.
* a surname, Yu

#### Synonyms

* (jade): (Taiwanese Hokkien) 玉仔

#### Hyponyms

* (jade): 瓊／琼 (qióng, “precious jade, esp. red jade”)

### Compounds

* 不吝珠玉
* 亭亭玉立 (tíngtíngyùlì)
* 仙姿玉色
* 似玉如花
* 伯雍種玉
* 佩玉
* 侯服玉食
* 倚玉偎香
* 偎香倚玉
* 偷香竊玉 / 偷香窃玉 (tōuxiāngqièyù)
* 冠玉 (guānyù)
* 冰壺玉尺 / 冰壶玉尺
* 冰清玉潤 / 冰清玉润
* 冰清玉潔 / 冰清玉洁 (bīngqīngyùjié)
* 冰玉
* 冰肌玉骨
* 剛玉 / 刚玉 (gāngyù)
* 古玉
* 含玉 (hányù)
* 告珠玉
* 和闐玉 / 和阗玉
* 嘉玉
* 圭玉
* 埋玉
* 堆金積玉 / 堆金积玉
* 如珠似玉
* 如花似玉
* 委身玉盤 / 委身玉盘
* 婷婷玉立
* 字字珠玉
* 守身如玉
* 守身若玉
* 寒玉
* 寧當玉碎 / 宁当玉碎
* 寶玉 / 宝玉 (bǎoyù)
* 崑山片玉 / 昆山片玉
* 崑山玉 / 昆山玉
* 崑玉 / 昆玉 (kūnyù)
* 弄玉偷香
* 引玉之磚 / 引玉之砖 (yǐnyùzhīzhuān)
* 惜玉
* 惜玉憐香 / 惜玉怜香
* 惜香憐玉 / 惜香怜玉
* 愛玉 / 爱玉 (àiyù)
* 愛玉冰 / 爱玉冰 (àiyùbīng)
* 憐香惜玉 / 怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
* 懷珠抱玉 / 怀珠抱玉
* 戛玉敲冰
* 戛玉敲金
* 戛玉鏘金 / 戛玉锵金
* 才非玉潤 / 才非玉润
* 拋磚引玉 / 抛砖引玉 (pāozhuānyǐnyù)
* 披金戴玉
* 拾玉鐲 / 拾玉镯
* 振玉
* 握瑜懷玉 / 握瑜怀玉
* 揮金霍玉 / 挥金霍玉
* 摧蘭折玉 / 摧兰折玉
* 擎天玉柱
* 擊玉敲金 / 击玉敲金
* 改步改玉
* 攻玉
* 改玉改行
* 故淹珠玉
* 敢攀玉趾
* 敲冰戛玉
* 新玉
* 早賜玉音 / 早赐玉音
* 昆玉 (kūnyù)
* 晚香玉
* 朱干玉戚
* 朱弦玉磬
* 溫潤如玉 / 温润如玉
* 溫香豔玉 / 温香艳玉
* 漢玉 / 汉玉
* 漱玉
* 漱玉詞 / 漱玉词
* 漢白玉 / 汉白玉 (hànbáiyù)
* 瀛洲玉雨
* 炊金爨玉
* 炊金饌玉 / 炊金馔玉
* 燕玉
* 燕石為玉 / 燕石为玉
* 爨桂炊玉
* 牙籤玉軸 / 牙签玉轴
* 玄圃積玉 / 玄圃积玉
* 玄玉
* 玉井 (Yùjǐng)
* 玉京
* 玉人 (yùrén)
* 玉佩 (yùpèi)
* 玉佩瓊琚 / 玉佩琼琚
* 玉倒
* 玉儀 / 玉仪
* 玉光 (Yùguāng)
* 玉兔 (yùtù)
* 玉冰燒 / 玉冰烧
* 玉函
* 玉勒
* 玉勒雕鞍
* 玉匣 (yùxiá)
* 玉卮
* 玉卮無當 / 玉卮无当
* 玉參差 / 玉参差
* 玉友
* 玉器 (yùqì)
* 玉堂 (yùtáng)
* 玉塵 / 玉尘 (yùchén)
* 玉墀 (yùchí)
* 玉壘山 / 玉垒山
* 玉壺 / 玉壶
* 玉夫
* 玉天仙
* 玉天大帝
* 玉夫座 (Yùfūzuò)
* 玉女 (yùnǚ)
* 玉妃 (yùfēi)
* 玉嬌梨 / 玉娇梨
* 玉宇 (yùyǔ)
* 玉容 (yùróng)
* 玉尺
* 玉尺量才
* 玉展
* 玉屑
* 玉山 (Yùshān)
* 玉峰
* 玉工 (yùgōng)
* 玉帛 (yùbó)
* 玉帝 (Yù Dì)
* 玉帶 / 玉带 (yùdài)
* 玉帳 / 玉帐
* 玉弓
* 玉律金科
* 玉心
* 玉成 (yùchéng)
* 玉戶 / 玉户
* 玉手 (yùshǒu)
* 玉手纖纖 / 玉手纤纤
* 玉振
* 玉振金聲 / 玉振金声
* 玉搔頭 / 玉搔头 (yùsāotóu)
* 玉斗
* 玉昆金友
* 玉曆 / 玉历
* 玉書 / 玉书
* 玉札
* 玉杯
* 玉枝
* 玉枕
* 玉枝卜壽 / 玉枝卜寿
* 玉東西 / 玉东西
* 玉柏
* 玉柔
* 玉枳
* 玉柱
* 玉案
* 玉樓 / 玉楼 (yùlóu)
* 玉樹 / 玉树 (yùshù)
* 玉檢 / 玉检
* 玉步 (yùbù)
* 玉泉 (Yùquán)
* 玉海
* 玉海金山
* 玉清
* 玉液 (yùyè)
* 玉減香消 / 玉减香消
* 玉溪 (Yùxī)
* 玉漏
* 玉潔冰清 / 玉洁冰清
* 玉潤珠圓 / 玉润珠圆
* 玉瀣
* 玉照 (yùzhào)
* 玉燕投懷 / 玉燕投怀
* 玉燭 / 玉烛
* 玉爾其 / 玉尔其 (Yù'ěrqí)
* 玉版
* 玉版紙 / 玉版纸
* 玉牒
* 玉玦
* 玉珂
* 玉珮 / 玉佩 (yùpèi)
* 玉琯
* 玉璜
* 玉環 / 玉环 (yùhuán)
* 玉璫 / 玉珰
* 玉璽 / 玉玺 (yùxǐ)
* 玉田 (Yùtián)
* 玉皇 (Yùhuáng)
* 玉盤 / 玉盘 (yùpán)
* 玉真
* 玉真子
* 玉石 (yùshí)
* 玉石同沉
* 玉碎 (yùsuì)
* 玉碎珠沉
* 玉碎花銷 / 玉碎花销
* 玉碎香殘 / 玉碎香残
* 玉碎香消
* 玉磬
* 玉磶
* 玉立
* 玉立亭亭
* 玉童
* 玉笈
* 玉筍 / 玉笋 (yùsǔn)
* 玉管
* 玉篇 (Yùpiān)
* 玉箸 (yùzhù)
* 玉簪
* 玉簫 / 玉箫 (yùxiāo)
* 玉簡 / 玉简
* 玉簾 / 玉帘
* 玉米 (yùmǐ)
* 玉粒
* 玉粳
* 玉精
* 玉繩 / 玉绳
* 玉纖 / 玉纤
* 玉羊
* 玉翦
* 玉肌 (yùjī)
* 玉肌花貌
* 玉臺 / 玉台
* 玉臺新詠 / 玉台新咏
* 玉臺體 / 玉台体
* 玉色 (yùsè)
* 玉花驄 / 玉花骢
* 玉英
* 玉茭 (yùjiāo)
* 玉茭子 (y3 jiau2 zeh)
* 玉莖 / 玉茎
* 玉華 / 玉华 (yùhuá)
* 玉葉 / 玉叶
* 玉葉金枝 / 玉叶金枝
* 玉葉金柯 / 玉叶金柯
* 玉葉金花 / 玉叶金花
* 玉蔥 / 玉葱 (yùcōng)
* 玉蕊
* 玉藻
* 玉蘭 / 玉兰 (yùlán)
* 玉虎
* 玉虛 / 玉虚
* 玉虹
* 玉蛆
* 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ)
* 玉蜻蜓
* 玉螺
* 玉蟲 / 玉虫
* 玉蟬花 / 玉蝉花
* 玉蟾
* 玉衡
* 玉谿生
* 玉貌
* 玉貌潘郎
* 玉貌花容
* 玉賢 / 玉贤 (Yùxián)
* 玉質金相 / 玉质金相
* 玉趾
* 玉躞
* 玉軟 / 玉软
* 玉軟花柔 / 玉软花柔
* 玉軟香溫 / 玉软香温
* 玉輅 / 玉辂
* 玉輪 / 玉轮 (yùlún)
* 玉輦 / 玉辇 (yùniǎn)
* 玉郎
* 玉酒
* 玉醅
* 玉醴
* 玉里 (Yùlǐ)
* 玉釘 / 玉钉
* 玉鉤 / 玉钩
* 玉鉉 / 玉铉 (yùxuàn)
* 玉鏡 / 玉镜
* 玉鏡臺 / 玉镜台
* 玉鐲 / 玉镯
* 玉鐲記 / 玉镯记
* 玉門 / 玉门 (yùmén)
* 玉闕 / 玉阙
* 玉關 / 玉关
* 玉陽 / 玉阳 (Yùyáng)
* 玉階 / 玉阶
* 玉階怨 / 玉阶怨
* 玉雪
* 玉露 (yùlù)
* 玉面貍 / 玉面狸
* 玉音 (yùyīn)
* 玉顏 / 玉颜
* 玉食
* 玉食錦衣 / 玉食锦衣
* 玉餔 / 玉𫗦
* 玉馬 / 玉马
* 玉驄 / 玉骢
* 玉骨冰肌
* 玉體 / 玉体 (yùtǐ)
* 玉麈
* 玉麥 / 玉麦 (Yùmài)
* 玉龍喀什 / 玉龙喀什 (Yùlóngkāshí)
* 珠圓玉潤 / 珠圆玉润 (zhūyuányùrùn)
* 珠殘玉碎 / 珠残玉碎
* 珠沉玉沒 / 珠沉玉没
* 珠沉玉碎
* 珠玉
* 珠玉之論 / 珠玉之论
* 珠玉在側 / 珠玉在侧
* 珠玉在傍
* 珠落玉盤 / 珠落玉盘
* 珠輝玉麗 / 珠辉玉丽
* 琀玉 (hànyù)
* 琢玉成器
* 琨玉秋霜 (kūnyùqiūshuāng)
* 瑞玉
* 璞玉 (púyù)
* 瓊堆玉砌 / 琼堆玉砌
* 瓊枝玉葉 / 琼枝玉叶
* 瓊林玉質 / 琼林玉质
* 瓊樓玉宇 / 琼楼玉宇 (qiónglóuyùyǔ)
* 瓊臺玉宇 / 琼台玉宇
* 瓊臺玉閣 / 琼台玉阁
* 瘞玉埋香 / 瘗玉埋香
* 白如玉
* 白玉 (báiyù)
* 盤玉 / 盘玉
* 硬玉 (yìngyù)
* 碎玉 (suìyù)
* 碎瓊亂玉 / 碎琼乱玉
* 碧玉 (bìyù)
* 秦良玉
* 移玉 (yíyù)
* 種玉 / 种玉
* 積玉堆金 / 积玉堆金
* 積玉橋 / 积玉桥 (Jīyùqiáo)
* 積金累玉 / 积金累玉
* 竊玉 / 窃玉
* 竊玉偷香 / 窃玉偷香
* 粉妝玉琢 / 粉妆玉琢
* 粉妝玉砌 / 粉妆玉砌 (fěnzhuāngyùqì)
* 粉裝玉琢 / 粉装玉琢 (fěnzhuāngyùzhuó)
* 精金良玉
* 紅玉 / 红玉 (hóngyù)
* 紫玉釵 / 紫玉钗
* 紫袍玉帶 / 紫袍玉带
* 綺年玉貌 / 绮年玉貌
* 綠玉杖 / 绿玉杖
* 纖玉 / 纤玉
* 纖纖玉手 / 纤纤玉手 (xiānxiānyùshǒu)
* 罐子玉
* 羊脂玉
* 美玉 (měiyù)
* 美衣玉食
* 翠玉
* 翠玉婚
* 翠玉白菜
* 臉欺膩玉 / 脸欺腻玉
* 良玉精金
* 花容玉貌
* 芝蘭玉樹 / 芝兰玉树
* 苕華玉 / 苕华玉
* 荊山之玉 / 荆山之玉
* 葬玉埋香
* 蒹葭倚玉
* 藍玉 / 蓝玉
* 藍田出玉 / 蓝田出玉
* 藍田玉 / 蓝田玉
* 藍田生玉 / 蓝田生玉 (lántiánshēngyù)
* 藍田種玉 / 蓝田种玉
* 藻玉
* 蘭摧玉折 / 兰摧玉折
* 蘭玉 / 兰玉
* 蘭玉蕭條 / 兰玉萧条
* 蠅糞點玉 / 蝇粪点玉
* 衒玉賈石 / 衒玉贾石
* 被褐懷玉 / 被褐怀玉
* 解玉砂
* 豐年玉 / 丰年玉
* 象箸玉杯 (xiàngzhùyùbēi)
* 賈寶玉 / 贾宝玉
* 賢昆玉 / 贤昆玉
* 軟玉 / 软玉 (ruǎnyù)
* 軟香溫玉 / 软香温玉
* 通靈寶玉 / 通灵宝玉
* 金友玉昆
* 金口玉言
* 金枝玉葉 / 金枝玉叶 (jīnzhīyùyè)
* 金漿玉醴 / 金浆玉醴
* 金烏玉兔 / 金乌玉兔 (jīnwūyùtù)
* 金玉 (jīnyù)
* 金相玉式
* 金相玉質 / 金相玉质
* 金科玉律 (jīnkēyùlǜ)
* 金科玉條 / 金科玉条
* 金童玉女 (jīntóngyùnǚ)
* 金縷玉衣 / 金缕玉衣 (jīnlǚyùyī)
* 金聲玉振 / 金声玉振
* 金衣玉食
* 金鏤玉衣 / 金镂玉衣
* 金鑲玉嵌 / 金镶玉嵌
* 金風玉露 / 金风玉露
* 金鰲玉蝀 / 金鳌玉𬟽
* 錦衣玉食 / 锦衣玉食 (jǐnyīyùshí)
* 霍小玉
* 霍小玉傳 / 霍小玉传
* 青玉
* 靡衣玉食
* 韜光韞玉 / 韬光韫玉
* 韻府群玉 / 韵府群玉
* 顏如玉 / 颜如玉
* 食玉炊桂
* 饌玉 / 馔玉
* 饌玉炊金 / 馔玉炊金
* 香嬌玉嫩 / 香娇玉嫩
* 香消玉損 / 香消玉损
* 香消玉殞 / 香消玉殒
* 香消玉減 / 香消玉减
* 香消玉碎
* 香溫玉軟 / 香温玉软
* 香潤玉溫 / 香润玉温
* 香銷玉沉 / 香销玉沉
* 鳴玉 / 鸣玉
* 鶴林玉露 / 鹤林玉露
* 麟吐玉書 / 麟吐玉书
* 黃玉 / 黄玉 (huángyù)
* 黑玉
* 墨玉 (Mòyù)
* 黛玉葬花
* 龜玉 / 龟玉

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく) (gyoku)
* → Korean: 옥(玉) (ok)
* → Vietnamese: ngọc (玉)
Others:
* → Indonesian: giok (via Min Nan)
* → Thai: หยก (yòk)

### References

* “玉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02553

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 玉 – see 鬱 (“lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick; depressed; gloomy; moody; etc.”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified form of 鬱).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* gem, jewel
* beauty, elegance
* euphemistic term related to an Emperor of Japan
* euphemistic term related to a partner
* geisha

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごく (goku)
* Kan-on: ぎょく (gyoku, Jōyō)
* Kun: たま (tama, 玉, Jōyō)
* Nanori: おく (oku)、きよ (kiyo)、ひかる (hikaru)

#### Compounds

* 玉(ぎょく)音(いん) (gyokuin)
* 玉(ぎょく)条(じょう) (gyokujō)
* 玉(ぎょく)楼(ろう) (gyokurō)
* 玉蜀黍(トウモロコシ) (tōmorokoshi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 玉
* たま Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.

#### Alternative forms

* 球 (especially preferred in baseball), 珠
* (bullet): 弾
* (gem): 璧

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たま [tàmáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠ma̠]

#### Noun

玉(たま) • (tama)
* any spherical or similarly-rounded object:
** a ball
** an orb
** a sphere
** a bead of an abacus
** lens
    Synonym: レンズ (renzu)
** a bullet
** an egg, especially of a chicken
    Synonyms: 鶏卵 (keiran); 卵, 玉子 (tamago)
* a gem, jewel
* an object of value
* a female entertainer (geisha, prostitute, etc.)
* (colloquial) Short for 金玉 (kintama): testicles

##### Derived terms

* 霊(たま),　魂(たま) (tama, “soul, spirit”)
* 玉章(たまずさ) (tamazusa)
* 玉(たま)の緒(お) (tama no o)
* 一円(いちえん)玉(だま) (ichien-dama)
* 掻(か)き玉(たま) (kakitama)
* 金玉(きんたま) (kintama)
* 薬玉(くすだま) (kusudama)
* 五円(ごえん)玉(だま) (goen-dama)
* 五十円(ごじゅうえん)玉(だま) (gojūen-dama)
* 五(ご)百(ひゃく)円(えん)玉(だま) (gohyakuen-dama)
* 十円(じゅうえん)玉(だま) (jūen-dama)
* 射干(ぬば)玉(たま) (nubatama)
* 百(ひゃく)円(えん)玉(だま) (hyakuen-dama)
* 曲玉(まがたま), 勾玉(まがたま) (magatama)
* 藻(モ)玉(ダマ) (modama, “St. Thomas bean”)

##### Descendants

* → Korean: 다마 (dama)

#### Counter

玉(たま) • (-tama)
* counter for ramen and udon for one person
    冷凍(れいとう)うどん1(ひと)玉(たま)
       reitō udon hito-tama
       one bowl of frozen udon

##### See also

* 枚(まい) (mai): counter for zaru soba
* 杯(はい) (hai): counter for noodles in bowls
* 束(たば) (taba): counter for set of dried noodles

#### Prefix

玉(たま) • (tama-)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms

* 玉垣(たまがき) (tamagaki)
* 玉(たま)櫛(くし)笥(げ),　玉(たま)匣(くしげ) (tamakushige)
* 玉(たま)砂利(じゃり) (tamajari)
* 玉(たま)襷(だすき) (tamadasuki)
* 玉(たま)藻(も) (tamamo)

#### Proper noun

玉(たま) • (Tama)
* a place name
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 玉
* ぎょく Grade: 1
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 玉 (MC ngjowk).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎょく [gyòkú] (Heiban – [0]) ​
* (Tokyo) ぎょく [gyóꜜkù] (Atamadaka –) (a stock being traded)
* IPA: [ɡʲo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku)
* a gem, jewel
* generic name for jadeite or nephrite
* chicken eggs used as food, especially as a topping for sushi
    Synonym: 鶏卵 (keiran)
* a stock being traded
* Short for 建て玉 (tategyoku): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
* a geisha
    Synonym: 芸者 (geisha)
* Short for 玉代 (gyokudai): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms

* 玉(ぎょく)音(おん) (gyokuon)
* 玉(ぎょく)将(しょう) (gyokushō)
* 玉(ぎょく)代(だい) (gyokudai)
* 玉(ぎょく)露(ろ) (gyokuro)
* 半玉(はんぎょく) (hangyoku)

##### Idioms

* 玉(ぎょく)を吞(の)む (gyoku o nomu)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 玉
* ぎょく Grade: 1
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎょく [gyóꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡʲo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku)
* (shogi) king

##### Derived terms

* 入(にゅう)玉(ぎょく) (nyūgyoku)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

玉 (eumhun 구슬 옥 (guseul ok))
* hanja form of 옥 (“jade”) See there for further compounds.

#### Compounds

* 옥편(玉篇) (Okpyeon, “Yupian”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

玉: Hán Nôm readings: ngọc
* gem; precious stone

#### Derived terms

* 玉 (Ngọc)
* 玉佩 (ngọc bội)
* 玉兔 (ngọc thỏ, “moon, Jade Rabbit”)
* 玉堂 (ngọc đường, “imperial palace”)
* 玉女 (ngọc nữ, “beautiful girl”)
* 玉照 (ngọc chiếu)
* 玉版 (ngọc bản)
* 玉皇 (ngọc hoàng, “Jade Emperor”)
* 玉石 (ngọc thạch, “jade”)
* 玉莖 (ngọc hành)
* 玉蘭 (ngọc lan, “magnolia”)
* 玉趾 (ngọc chỉ)
* 玉體 (ngọc thể)
* 璧玉 (bích ngọc)
* 白玉 (bạch ngọc, “pearl, white jade”)
* 紅玉 (hồng ngọc, “ruby”)
* 金玉 (kim ngọc)