# 故事
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gùshi, gùshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄕ, ㄍㄨˋ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^3$ si$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'gu$^4$ si$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-sṳ
* Jin (Wiktionary): gu$^3$ si$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): gu̿-si̿
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kò͘-sū / kò͘-sīr / kò͘-sī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gu$^7$ se$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku-zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gùshi
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gùshi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$-shih$^5$
*** Yale: gù-shr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh.shy
*** Palladius: гуши (guši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gùshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gùshìh
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: gù-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhshyh
*** Palladius: гуши (guši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^3$ si$^6$
*** Yale: gu sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^3$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^3$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³³ siː²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'gu$^4$ si$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈku³⁵ sz̩¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^4$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^3$ si$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ku⁴⁵ sz̩⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gu̿-si̿
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³³ si³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-sū
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: korsu
*** IPA (Philippines): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-sīr
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-sīr
*** IPA (Kinmen): /kɔ¹²⁻⁵³ sɯ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-sī
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-sī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: korsi
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gu$^7$ se$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kū sṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ku¹¹ sɯ¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku-zy
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$ zy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku-zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

#### Noun

故事
* story (sequence of real or fictional events, or an account of such a sequence); tale; narrative; plot (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 段 m; 篇 m; 塊／块 mn)
    愛情故事／爱情故事 ― àiqíng gùshi ― love story
    一個悲傷的故事／一个悲伤的故事 ― yīge bēishāng de gùshi ― a sad story
    講故事／讲故事 ― jiǎng gùshi ― to tell a story
    背後的故事／背后的故事 ― bèihòu de gùshi ― the story behind it
    歷史故事／历史故事 ― lìshǐ gùshi ― stories from history
    鬼故事 ― guǐgùshi ― ghost story
    作者不明的故事 ― zuòzhě bùmíng de gùshì ― a story of unknown authorship

##### Synonyms

* 情節／情节 (qíngjié)
* (in Japanese contexts) 物語／物语 (wùyǔ)
* (Cantonese) 古仔
* (Jin) 瞎話／瞎话

##### Derived terms

* 故事書 / 故事书 (gùshishū)
* 故事片
* 框架故事 (kuàngjià gùshì)
* 民間故事 / 民间故事 (mínjiān gùshi)
* 用戶故事 / 用户故事 (yònghù gùshi)
* 警世故事 (jǐngshì gùshì)
* 鬼故事

##### Related terms

* 小說／小说 (xiǎoshuō)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gùshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^3$ si$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gùshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gùshìh
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: gù-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhshyh
*** Palladius: гуши (guši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^3$ si$^6$
*** Yale: gu sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^3$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^3$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³³ siː²²/
* Middle Chinese: kuH dzriH
Rime :
| Character | 故 | 事 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古暮切 | 鉏吏切 |
| Baxter | kuH | dzriH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo$^H$/ | /d͡ʒɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo$^H$/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko$^H$/ | /d͡ʒie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ$^H$/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko$^H$/ | /d͡ʒiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku$^H$/ | /d͡ʒĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuo$^H$/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gù | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^3$ | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaʔ-s [m-s-]rəʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːs zrɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 故 | 事 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gù | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku$^H$ › | ‹ dzri$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁaʔ-s/ | /*[m-s-]rəʔ-s/ |
| English | old (not new) | serve; service, affair |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 故 | 事 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4228 | 11486 |
| Phonetic component | 古 | 史 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 顧 | 事 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːs/ | /*zrɯs/ |
| Notes | | 史吏轉註字 |

#### Noun

故事
* (archaic) old matter
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE
    Zhì nóng bù lí qí gùshì, zé cǎo bì kěn yǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Yú suǒwèi shù gùshì, zhěngqí qí shìchuán, fēi suǒwèi zuò yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (archaic) old practice or system; well-established convention or routine
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Xuāndì xún Wǔdì gùshì, zhāo míngrú jùncái zhì zuǒyòu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (archaic) accident

##### Synonyms

* (accident):
* 不幸事件 (bùxìng shìjiàn)
* 不測 / 不测 (bùcè)
* 事故 (shìgù)
* 失閃 / 失闪 (shīshǎn)
* 好歹 (hǎodǎi)
* 岔子 (chàzi)
* 差池
* 差錯 / 差错 (chācuò)
* 意外 (yìwài)
* 緣故 / 缘故 (yuángù) (archaic)
* 變故 / 变故 (biàngù)
* 長短 / 长短 (chángduǎn)
* 閃失 / 闪失 (shǎnshī)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 故 | 事 |
| こ Grade: 5 | じ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* Homophones: 誇示, 孤児, 固持, 固辞, 古字

### Noun

故(こ)事(じ) • (koji)
* historical fact (mostly related to tradition), historical event
* folklore

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.