# و

| و | U+0648, &#1608; ARABIC LETTER WAW |
| ← ه [U+0647] | Arabic | ى → [U+0649] |
| ﻭ | U+FEED, &#65261; ARABIC LETTER WAW ISOLATED FORM |
| ← ﻬ [U+FEEC] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﻮ → [U+FEEE] |
| ﻮ | U+FEEE, &#65262; ARABIC LETTER WAW FINAL FORM |
| ← ﻭ [U+FEED] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﻯ → [U+FEEF] |

## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From the Nabataean letter 𐢈 (l, “waw”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (l, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌉. See also Classical Syriac ܘ (l, “waw”), Hebrew ו (l, “vav”), Ancient Greek Υ (U), Latin F, Latin U, Latin V, Latin W and Latin Y.

#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /waːw/
* (phoneme): IPA: /w/, /uː/, silent (in Classical Arabic)
* (phoneme): IPA: /w/, /u(ː)/, /oː/ (in Arabic dialects and loanwords)

#### Letter

و / ‍و • (wāw)
* The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ه (h) and followed by ي (y).

#### Symbol

و / ‍و • (wāw)
* The sixth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ه (h) and followed by ز (z).

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (ḥurūf) (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, ه, و, ي
* ؤ (ʔ)
* Wikipedia article on the Arabic alphabet
* Search for entries beginning with و

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *wa. Cognate with Hebrew וְ־ (wə-).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wa/ (MSA)
* IPA: /wɪ/, /w/ (dialectal)
* Audio:(file)

#### Conjunction

وَ • (wa)
* and, "comma", "semi-colon"; a divider of words or clauses, particle of connection or continuation often unnecessary to render in translation
** yet, but; versatile conjunction determined by context
* while, at the same time, and also do, simultaneously, to do this and to do that concurrently
    لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَlā taʔkuli s-samaka wa-tašraba l-labanaDo not eat fish and drink dairy; (Proverb about illnesses coming from bad combinations; originally the supposed increased risk of contracting leprosy, a myth stemming from fish scales and the white color of milk.)
    لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُlā tanha ʕan ḵuluqin wa-taʔtiya miṯlahuDo not say to stay away from a behavior, while you come with the likes of it; (Practice what you preach.)
* particle of rephrasing or marking a clause of adposition; and in other words, that is to say, additionally called, i.e.
* with, and also, additionally (with following accusative)
** (mathematics) +, added to
* particle denoting an oath (with following genitive)
    وَٱللّٰهِ ― wa-llāhi ― By God; And I swear by God

##### Usage notes

* Arabic conjunctions and prepositions that have only one letter, such as وَ (wa), are written as a prefix.
** The connection to the following word may however exceptionally be cut off by quotation marks enclosing foreign terms, emoji and similar intrusions of meta elements in the language of the internet.
** Sometimes editions of Arabic texts procured in Iran do not adhere to the rules, instead following the non-joining practice of Persian و (va, o, “and”).
* Arabic tends to use the conjunctions وَ (wa) and أَو (ʔaw, “or”) between every conjunct in a list, contrasting with the English tendency to use and and or only between the final two.
    كُتُبٌ وَطُرُودٌ وَأَوْرَاقٌkutubun wa-ṭurūdun wa-ʔawrāqunbooks, parcels, and papers(literally, “books and parcels and papers”)

##### Derived terms

* وَلٰكِنَّ (wa-lākinna), وَلٰكِنْ (wa-lākin)
* وَلَا (wa-lā)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wa/ (MSA)
* Audio:(file)

#### Preposition

وَ • (wa) (with a following accusative)
* with
    سِرْتُ وَطُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ ― sirtu wa-ṭulūʕa l-fajri ― I got out with sunrise.
    أَنَا وَإيّاكُم ― ʔanā wa-ʔiyyākum ― I with you

### Etymology 4
#### Interfix

ـَوـ • (-aw-)
* interfix used in forming nisba (relative) adjectives, particularly with short bases, inserted between the base noun and the ending ِـيّ (-iyy), e.g. لُغَوِيّ (luḡawiyy, “linguistic”), based on لُغَة (luḡa, “language”), or ثَانَوِيّ (ṯānawiyy, “secondary”), based on ثَانٍ (ṯānin, “second”).

## Balti
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /w/, [w]

### Letter

و (transliteration needed)
* The forty-second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

## Burushaski
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /w/, /oː/

### Letter

و (w)
* The forty-second letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

## Central Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* (name of letter) IPA: [waw]
* (phoneme) IPA: [w, u]

### Letter

و/ـوـ/ ‍وـ/ـو (w, u)
* The thirtieth letter of the Kurdish-Arabic alphabet, pronounced [w] or [u]

#### Alternative forms

* وە (we)

### Conjunction

و (û)
* and

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

#### See also

* Previous letter: ه (hi)
* Next letter: وو (wu)
* Arabic script letters: پیت (pît) (script appendix): ئـ, ا, ب, پ, ت, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ر, ڕ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ع, غ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, گ, ل, ڵ, م, ن, ھ, ہ, و, وو, ۆ, ى, ێ

## Chagatai
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /⁠ud⁠/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /⁠u⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /⁠utā⁠/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u.

### Conjunction

و (vä)
* and

#### Descendants

* Uyghur:
    Arabic script: ۋە (we)
    Cyrillic script: вә (we)
* Uzbek:
    Cyrillic script: ва
    Latin script: va

## Egyptian Arabic
### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /w/, /uː/, /oː/, /u/

#### Etymology

From Arabic و (w).

#### Letter

و • (w, ū, ō, u)
* The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic abjad, named واو (wāw). It is preceded by ه (h) and follow by ي (y).

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: [-ʊ]

#### Etymology 1
##### Suffix

ـو • (-u)
* Forms endearing, familiar forms of words ending in consonants or ـة (-a).
    ‎عمّ (ʕamm, “uncle”) + ‎ـو → ‎عمّو (ʕammu, “uncley”)
    ‎خالة (ḵāla, “aunt”) + ‎ـو → ‎خالتو (ḵaltu, “auntie”)

#### Etymology 2
##### Suffix

ـو • (-u)
* Alternative spelling of ـوا

#### Etymology 3
##### Suffix

ـو • (-u)
* Alternative spelling of ـه

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /waːw/
* (phonemes): IPA: /w/, /uː/, /oː/, /u/ (word-final)

#### Letter

و • (wāw)
* The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ه (hāʔ) and followed by ي (yāʔ).

##### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

##### See also

* Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (ḥurūf) (script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, هـ, و, ي

### Etymology 2

From Arabic وَ (wa, “and”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u/, /w-/

#### Conjunction

و • (u- or w-)
* and

## Kashmiri
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /waːw/
* (phoneme): IPA: /w/, /oː/

### Letter

و • (v)
* The thirty-ninth letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

#### See also

* Previous letter: ن (n)
* Next letter: ہ (h)

## Kazakh
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /waw/
* (phoneme): IPA: /o/ (back)
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɵ/ (front)

### Letter

و • (o, ö)
* The twenty-fourth letter of the Kazakh in Arabic Script. It represents the Cyrillic letter О or Ө.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

#### Usage notes

* Represents the back vowel phoneme /o/, unless a small ء (hamza) was placed in the beginning of the word. In Kazakh the Hamza marks that all vowels in the following word are fronted. If و is the first letter and is representing a front vowel, it is combined with the hamza and the varient ٶ is used.

#### See also

* ٶ (front vowel, word initial)
* Previous letter: ھ
* Next letter: ۇ
* Arabic script letters: әріптер (ärıpter) (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ج, چ, ح, د, ر, ز, س, ش, ع, ف, ق, ك, گ, ڭ, ل, م, ن, ە, ھ, و, ۇ, ۋ, ۆ, ى, ي

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* (Name of letter) IPA: [wau̯]
* (Phoneme, Consonant) IPA: [w]
* (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable initial, obsolete) IPA: [w], [v]
* (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable final, obsolete) IPA: [w], [f]
* (Phoneme, Vowel) IPA: [u], [o], [ɔ]
* (Phoneme, Vowel, Closed ultima) IPA: [o], [ɔ]

### Letter

و / ‍و
* The thirtieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ

## North Levantine Arabic
### Suffix

ـو • (-o/-u) m
* Alternative spelling of ـه after a consonant

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1
#### Letter

و • (vav)
* A letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic وَ (wa).

#### Conjunction

و • (ve)
* and

##### Descendants

* Turkish: ve

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “و”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2119

## Pashto
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /wɑw/
* (phoneme): IPA: /w/

### Letter

و • (wâw)
* The thirty-eighth letter of the Pashto alphabet.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

#### See also

* Previous letter: ڼ
* Next letter: ه

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Dari) IPA: /wɑːw/
* (Iran) IPA: /vɑːv/

### Letter

و / وـ / ـوـ / ـو • (vâv)
* The thirtieth letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ن and followed by ه. Its name is واو.

#### See also

* Wikipedia article on the Persian alphabet

### Etymology 1

Both inherited from Middle Persian and borrowed from Arabic, hence the multiple pronunciations:
* Pronunciation 1: From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /⁠ud⁠/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /⁠u⁠/); from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /⁠utā⁠/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u.
* Pronunciation 2: From Arabic وَ (wa), from Proto-Semitic *wa. Also the etymology of the written form.

#### Pronunciation

(Pronunciation 1)
* (Classical Persian) IPA: [‿u]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [‿ʊ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [‿ʊ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [‿ʊ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [‿u]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [‿o]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [‿u]
* Audio (Iran):(file)
(Pronunciation 2)
* (Classical Persian) IPA: [wa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [wä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [wä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [wä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [wä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʋæ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [vä]
* Both pronunciations are generally interchangeable, with pronunciation 1 being more common in context and pronunciation 2 being more common in formal speech, after a pause and/or for emphasis.
* In poetry, both pronunciations are used based on rhyme, but pronunciation 1 is used more often.

#### Conjunction

و • (o, va)
* and
** 21st century, Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
    گر چه جیب و جام من از مال و مِی تُهیست.Gar če jib o jām-e man az māl o mey tohist.Although my pocket and my cup are empty of money and wine.

##### Usage notes

* In the contemporary spelling of Persian, the و (va) conjunction is not joined to the following word. However, the practice of joining the conjunction to the following word, as it is in Arabic, was not uncommon in early classical texts.

##### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: व (va)
    Urdu: و (va, o)
* → Marathi: व (va)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Alternative forms

* رو (ro) (between vowels)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o/

#### Particle

و • (-o)
* (in Iran) Colloquial form of را (rā)
    دستتو بلند کن. ― dasteto boland kon. ― Raise your hand.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /w/, [w]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Arabic وَ (wa).

#### Conjunction

و • (w-)
* and
* when, while
    Synonym: لما (lamma)
    مبيّن إنّك مبسوط وإنتا بتعلّم.mbayyen ʔinnak mabsūṭ w-inta bitʕallemIt's clear that you're happy when you're teaching.

##### Usage notes

* The pronunciation varies by phonological context. It becomes u- before a single consonant (optional if the preceding word ends in a vowel) and we- before a consonant cluster.

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

ـو • (-o) m
* Alternative spelling of ـه (“he, him, his”) after a consonant

### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

ـو • (-o)
* attached to kinship terms in order to form terms of endearment
    جدّ (jidd, “grandfather”) → جدّو (jiddo, “grandpa”)
    عمّة (ʕamme, “aunt”) → عمتو (ʕamto, “auntie”)

## Tunisian Arabic
### Conjunction

و (u)
* and
    حَاجْتِي بْقْلَمْ وكَرّاسَة ― ḥājtī b-qlam u karrāsa ― I need a pencil and a copy-book.

## Urdu
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʋɑːʋ/
* (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʋ/, /uː/, /oː/, /ɔː/

#### Letter

و • (vāv)
* The thirty-third letter of the Urdu abjad.

##### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

##### See also

* Previous letter: ں (̃)
* Next letter: ہ (h)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa, u).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʋə/, /oː/

#### Conjunction

و • (va, o) (Hindi spelling व)
* and

## Ushojo
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /wɑːw/
* (phoneme): IPA: /w~v/

### Letter

و (wāw)
* The thirty-ninth of the Ushojo abjad.

#### See also

* Previous letter: ن
* Next letter: ہ

### Conjunction

و (va)
* or

## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /wí/
* (phoneme): IPA: /w/

### Letter

و (w)
* The twenty-fourth letter of the Yoruba alphabet in the ajami script, equivalent to Latin script w.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form |
| و | ـو |

#### See also

* Previous letter: اُ
* Next letter: ي