# 靠

| 靠 | U+9760, &#38752; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9760 |
| ← 靟 [U+975F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 靡 → [U+9761] |

## Translingual
### Han character

靠 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹土口中卜 (HGRLY), four-corner 2411$_1$, composition ⿱告非)

#### Derived characters

* 𫣶, 𨘴, 𣞳, 㸆, 𨯕, 𮧈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42604
* Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4087, character 17
* Unihan data for U+9760

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 造 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 慥 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 艁 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 糙 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 告 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 誥 | *kuːɡs |
| 郜 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 祰 | *kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ |
| 靠 | *kʰuːɡs |
| 浩 | *ɡuːʔ, *kuːb |
| 晧 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 皓 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 窖 | *kruːɡs |
| 簉 | *skʰruɡs |
| 梏 | *kruːɡ, *kuːɡ |
| 硞 | *kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ |
| 牿 | *kuːɡ |
| 鵠 | *kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ |
| 酷 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 焅 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 嚳 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 頶 | *ɡuːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰuːɡs): phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ) + semantic 非.

### Etymology

Compare perhaps Burmese ခု (hku., “to prop up, be filling”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kào (kao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kaau$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kho
* Eastern Min (BUC): kó̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khò͘ / khò / khòa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kao$^3$ / gou$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kào
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kào
*** Wade–Giles: kʻao$^4$
*** Yale: kàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaw
*** Palladius: као (kao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kaau$^3$
*** Yale: kaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaːu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kho
*** Hakka Romanization System: ko
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ko$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰo⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘
*** Tâi-lô: khòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qox
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /kʰɔ²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò
*** Tâi-lô: khò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kʰo²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòa
*** Tâi-lô: khuà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoax
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰua¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰua⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kao$^3$ / gou$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàu / kŏu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰau²¹³/, /kou³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$khau
*** MiniDict: khau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$khau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɔ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khawH
Rime :
| Character | 靠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦到切 |
| Baxter | khawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hou$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 靠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3809 |
| Phonetic component | 告 |
| Rime group | 奧 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩝝 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰuːɡs/ |

### Definitions

靠
* to lean on; to recline
* to depend on; to rely on
    From: 1964, 《大海航行靠舵手》 ("Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman"), lyrics by 李郁文 (Li Yuwen); music by 王雙印 (Wang Shuangyin)
    Dàhǎi hángxíng kào duòshǒu, Wànwù shēngzhǎng kào tàiyáng, Yǔlù zīrùn hémiáo zhuàng, Gàn gémìng kào de shì Máozédōngsīxiǎng. [Pinyin]
    Sailing seas depends on the helmsman; Life and growth depend on the sun; Rain and dewdrops nourish the crops; Making revolution depends on Mao Zedong Thought.
* to trust; to have confidence in
* to come near to; to approach
* to keep to (a certain side)
* (euphemistic) Alternative form of 肏 (“to fuck”); frick
* (Northern Wu) approximately

### Compounds

* 不可靠
* 依靠 (yīkào)
* 倚靠 (yǐkào)
* 偎妻靠婦 / 偎妻靠妇
* 停靠 (tíngkào)
* 六親無靠 / 六亲无靠
* 可靠 (kěkào)
* 央靠
* 奔靠
* 妥靠
* 打靠後 / 打靠后
* 投靠 (tóukào)
* 指靠 (zhǐkào)
* 挨靠
* 求靠
* 無依無靠 / 无依无靠 (wúyīwúkào)
* 無靠無依 / 无靠无依 (wúkàowúyī)
* 牢靠 (láokào)
* 終身有靠 / 终身有靠
* 賣身投靠 / 卖身投靠
* 靠不住
* 靠么 (kàoyāo)
* 靠傍
* 靠北 (kǎobèi)
* 靠墊 / 靠垫 (kàodiàn)
* 靠天
* 靠夭 (kàoyāo)
* 靠子
* 靠山 (kàoshān)
* 靠山吃山
* 靠山吃山，靠水吃水
* 靠山山會倒，靠水水會燥，靠人人會老 / 靠山山会倒，靠水水会燥，靠人人会老
* 靠山山會崩，靠水水會焦 / 靠山山会崩，靠水水会焦
* 靠岸 (kào'àn)
* 靠得住 (kàodezhù)
* 靠手
* 靠把
* 靠攏 / 靠拢 (kàolǒng)
* 靠旗
* 靠枕
* 靠盃 / 靠杯
* 靠背 (kàobèi)
* 靠胸貼肉 / 靠胸贴肉
* 靠腰 (kàoyāo)
* 靠行
* 靠身
* 靠近 (kàojìn)
* 靠邊 / 靠边 (kàobiān)
* 靠邊站 / 靠边站 (kàobiānzhàn)

### References

* ↑ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-U Finals (9. a Prop; to Prop up)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 31

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* lean on; rely on; recline (よる, もたれる)
* oppose; run against (たがう)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)
* Kun: たがう (tagau, 靠う)、よる (yoru, 靠る)、もたれる (motareru, 靠れる)

### References

* ↑ “靠”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

靠 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

靠: Hán Nôm readings: kháo, khéo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.