# 唱

| 唱 | U+5531, &#21809; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5531 |
| ← 唰 [U+5530] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 唲 → [U+5532] |

## Translingual
### Han character

唱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口日日 (RAA), four-corner 6606$_0$, composition ⿰口昌)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 193, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3765
* Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 640, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5531

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 唱
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 昌 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 倡 | *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 猖 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 菖 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 閶 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 鯧 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 裮 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 琩 | *tʰjaŋ |
| 唱 | *tʰjaŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjaŋs): semantic 口 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).

### Etymology 1

Same word as 倡 (OC *tʰjaŋs, “to lead; to advocate”). Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese minimally as *k-hlaŋh, considers it to be a Sino-Tibetan word; compare Burmese အချင်း (a.hkyang:, “song, poem”) and perhaps also Proto-Bodo-Garo *lʔəŋ (“to sing”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chàng (chang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чон (čon, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhong
    (Hailu, HRS): chong$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cong$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): con$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): chiô̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chióng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cieo$^4$ / ciuⁿ$^4$ / cyong$^4$ / cyeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiùⁿ / chhiòⁿ / chhiò / chhiàuⁿ / chhiàng / chhiòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cio$^3$ / ciê$^3$ / ciang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^4$
*** Yale: chàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
*** Palladius: чан (čan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (唱兒 / 唱儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chàngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chàngr
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: chàngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanql
*** Palladius: чанр (čanr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чон (čon, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^3$
*** Yale: cheung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chong$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰoŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: con$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiô̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cieo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰieu⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ciuⁿ$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰĩũ⁴²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyɒŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyøŋ⁴²/
* cieo4/ciuⁿ4 - vernacular;
* cyong4/cyeng4 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit唱 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵³/ /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃʰaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰaŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰã̠²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰɒ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiau⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʰan⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔn⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰœŋ³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰœŋ³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰœŋ³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/ /t͡sʰiũ²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/ /t͡sʰio²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /saŋ³⁵/ /sio³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsyhangH
Rime :
| Character | 唱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 尺亮切 |
| Baxter | tsyhangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tʰaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 唱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-tʰaŋ-s/ |
| English | to lead (in singing) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 唱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1257 |
| Phonetic component | 昌 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 唱 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjaŋs/ |

#### Definitions

唱
* (literary) to lead in singing
* to sing
    唱歌 ― chànggē ― to sing a song
* to call; to cry out; to chant
* song
* (Cantonese) to spread (usually negative) information or rumours
* (literary) to advocate; to initiate
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Jīn chéng yǐ wúzhòng zhà zìchēng Gōngzǐ Fúsū, Xiàng Yàn, wéi tiānxià chàng, yí duō yìngzhě. [Pinyin]
    If we should indeed, at this moment, take advantage of our numbers, call ourselves the men of Prince Fusu and General Xiang Yan in pretense, and seize the initiative among the whole Empire, it is probable that many would spring into action in response.
* a surname, Chang

##### Synonyms

* (song):
* 曲 (qǔ)
* 歌 (gē)
* 歌子 (gēzi) (colloquial)
* 歌曲 (gēqǔ)

##### Compounds

* 一吹一唱
* 一唱一和 (yīchàngyīhè)
* 一唱三歎 / 一唱三叹 (yīchàngsāntàn)
* 一唱百和 (yīchàngbǎihè)
* 一搭一唱
* 主唱 (zhǔchàng)
* 二重唱 (èrchóngchàng)
* 代唱
* 低唱 (dīchàng)
* 伴唱 (bànchàng)
* 伴唱帶 / 伴唱带
* 伴唱影碟
* 伴唱機 / 伴唱机
* 千古絕唱 / 千古绝唱 (qiāngǔjuéchàng)
* 合唱 (héchàng)
* 合唱團 / 合唱团 (héchàngtuán)
* 吟唱 (yínchàng)
* 唄唱 / 呗唱
* 哼唱 (hēngchàng)
* 唱作 (chàngzuò)
* 唱作俱佳
* 唱作念打
* 唱反調 / 唱反调 (chàng fǎndiào)
* 唱叫
* 唱叫揚疾 / 唱叫扬疾
* 唱名 (chàngmíng)
* 唱和 (chànghè)
* 唱哩嗹 / 唱哩𪡏
* 唱喏 (chàngrě)
* 唱好
* 唱對臺戲 / 唱对台戏 (chàng duìtáixì)
* 唱工 (chànggōng)
* 唱念
* 唱戲 / 唱戏 (chàngxì)
* 唱揚 / 唱扬
* 唱曲 (chàngqǔ)
* 唱書 / 唱书
* 唱本 (chàngběn)
* 唱機 / 唱机 (chàngjī)
* 唱歌 (chànggē)
* 唱段 (chàngduàn)
* 唱洋梆子
* 唱片
* 唱獨角戲 / 唱独角戏 (chàng dújiǎoxì)
* 唱的
* 唱盤 / 唱盘 (chàngpán)
* 唱票 (chàngpiào)
* 唱空城計 / 唱空城计 (chàng kōngchéngjì)
* 唱籍
* 唱籌量沙 / 唱筹量沙
* 唱紅白臉 / 唱红白脸
* 唱腔 (chàngqiāng)
* 唱詞 / 唱词 (chàngcí)
* 唱詩班 / 唱诗班 (chàngshībān)
* 唱論 / 唱论
* 唱賺 / 唱赚 (chàngzhuàn)
* 唱遊 / 唱游
* 唱針 / 唱针 (chàngzhēn)
* 唱門詞兒 / 唱门词儿
* 唱陽關 / 唱阳关
* 唱雙簧 / 唱双簧 (chàngshuānghuáng)
* 唱頭 / 唱头
* 唱題目 / 唱题目
* 唱高調 / 唱高调 (chàng gāodiào)
* 單弦說唱 / 单弦说唱
* 嘌唱
* 大合唱 (dàhéchàng)
* 夫唱婦隨 / 夫唱妇随 (fūchàngfùsuí)
* 妍唱
* 對唱 / 对唱 (duìchàng)
* 小唱
* 帶動唱 / 带动唱
* 帶唱帶演 / 带唱带演
* 彈唱 / 弹唱 (tánchàng)
* 彼唱此和
* 搬唱
* 數位唱片 / 数位唱片
* 數字唱片 / 数字唱片
* 更唱
* 歌唱 (gēchàng)
* 歡唱 / 欢唱 (huānchàng)
* 此唱彼和
* 沒戲唱 / 没戏唱 (méixìchàng)
* 清唱 (qīngchàng)
* 清唱劇 / 清唱剧 (qīngchàngjù)
* 淺斟低唱 / 浅斟低唱
* 滑唱
* 滾唱 / 滚唱
* 演唱 (yǎnchàng)
* 漁唱 / 渔唱
* 激光唱機 / 激光唱机
* 激光唱片
* 灌唱片
* 獨唱 / 独唱 (dúchàng)
* 男唱女隨 / 男唱女随
* 絕唱 / 绝唱 (juéchàng)
* 練唱 / 练唱
* 美聲唱法 / 美声唱法 (měishēng chàngfǎ)
* 翻唱 (fānchàng)
* 聯唱 / 联唱
* 臚唱 / 胪唱
* 表唱
* 說唱 / 说唱 (shuōchàng)
* 說唱文學 / 说唱文学
* 說學逗唱 / 说学逗唱 (shuōxuédòuchàng)
* 講唱文學 / 讲唱文学
* 賣唱 / 卖唱 (màichàng)
* 走唱
* 輪唱 / 轮唱 (lúnchàng)
* 輪唱曲 / 轮唱曲
* 連說帶唱 / 连说带唱
* 酬唱 (chóuchàng)
* 重唱
* 野唱
* 鐳射唱片 / 镭射唱片
* 雞唱 / 鸡唱
* 電唱機 / 电唱机 (diànchàngjī)
* 雷射唱片
* 雷射唱盤 / 雷射唱盘
* 領唱 / 领唱 (lǐngchàng)
* 類比唱片 / 类比唱片
* 首唱
* 首唱義兵 / 首唱义兵
* 首唱義舉 / 首唱义举
* 駐唱 / 驻唱 (zhùchàng)
* 高唱 (gāochàng)
* 高唱入雲 / 高唱入云
* 鳴唱 / 鸣唱
* 點唱 / 点唱 (diǎnchàng)
* 點唱機 / 点唱机
* 齊唱 / 齐唱 (qíchàng)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English change.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^3$
*** Yale: cheung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/

#### Definitions

唱
* (Cantonese) to exchange (currency, money, cash, etc.)

##### Compounds

* 唱散
* 唱錢 / 唱钱

### References

* “唱”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* chant
* choir

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: となえる (tonaeru, 唱える, Jōyō)、うたう (utau, 唱う)、うた (uta, 唱)

#### Compounds

* 歌唱(かしょう) (kashō)
* 合唱(がっしょう) (gasshō)
* 提唱(ていしょう) (teishō)

## Korean
### Hanja

唱 (eumhun 부를 창 (bureul chang))
* hanja form of 창 (“to chant”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

唱: Hán Nôm readings: xướng, xẳng, xang, sướng, xắng, xẵng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.