# 匕

| 匕 | U+5315, &#21269; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5315 |
| ← 匔 [U+5314] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 化 → [U+5316] |
| ⼔ | U+2F14, &#12052; KANGXI RADICAL SPOON |
| ← ⼓ [U+2F13] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼕ → [U+2F15] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* In Taiwan, the upper right stroke of 匕 is written with a straight line (一) from left to right.
* In other regions, the upper right stroke of 匕 is written with a curve (丿) from the top right corner towards the middle left, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.

### Han character

匕 (Kangxi radical 21, 匕+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 山竹 (UH), four-corner 2271$_0$, composition ⿺乚丿(GJKH) or ⿺乚一(T))
* Kangxi radical #21, ⼔.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese_radical/匕
* 化, 比, 𡖅, 𡚧, 㠲, 𢖬, 朼, 此, 𭭽, 𤆇, 牝, 𦘪, 䂗, 𥘇, 𥝓, 𭭾, 𫊤, 𧢶, 䚰, 𧺊, 䣥, 𨤽, 𮩲, 𩵏, 𪋼, 齔(𮮾/龀)
* 𠨐, 𢺵, 頃(顷), 𠘩, 旨, 𥘈, 𭴁, 𡙊, 眞, 仑, 匂, 𠨬, 它, 尼, 庀, 𢨩, 㫐, 𣥅, 老, 𦉮, 疕, 皀, 𥃩, 壱, 𡧏, 𡭠, 䖈, 鬯, 麀, 𭅔

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: 匕部/匕部 on the Chinese Wikisource.
* Kangxi Dictionary: page 152, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2570
* Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 261, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5315

## Chinese

* 匕

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匕 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 匕 | *pilʔ |
| 庀 | *pʰelʔ |
| 疕 | *pʰelʔ, *pilʔ, *pʰrilʔ |
| 朼 | *pilʔ |
| 牝 | *bilʔ, *binʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a spoon. Unrelated to 老, in which it represents a walking cane. Also unrelated to the top component of 眞, in which it represents a knife or dagger.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐ (bi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^2$ / bei$^6$ / bei$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$
*** Yale: bǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bii
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^2$ / bei$^6$ / bei$^3$
*** Yale: béi / beih / bei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^2$ / bei$^6$ / bei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^2$ / béi$^6$ / béi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³⁵/, /pei̯²²/, /pei̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí
*** Tâi-lô: pí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: pjijX
Rime :
| Character | 匕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 卑履切 |
| Baxter | pjijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /piɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pjɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pilʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 匕 | 匕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǐ | bǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjij$^X$ › | ‹ pjij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pijʔ/ | /*pijʔ/ |
| English | ladle, spoon | spoon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 匕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 484 |
| Phonetic component | 匕 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 匕 |
| Old Chinese | /*pilʔ/ |

#### Definitions

匕
* (historical) a kind of spoon in ancient China
* (literary) dagger
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) arrow
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) people
* (historical dictionaries only) Original form of 妣 (bǐ, “deceased mother”).
* Occasionally used as an iteration marker.

#### Compounds

* 匕箸
* 匕首
* 匕鬯 (bǐchàng)
* 匕鬯不驚 / 匕鬯不惊 (bǐchàngbùjīng)
* 圖窮匕現 / 图穷匕现 (túqióngbǐxiàn)
* 圖窮匕見 / 图穷匕见 (túqióngbǐxiàn)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 匕 – see 牝 (“(of an animal) female”). (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 牝).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひ (hi)
* Kan-on: ひ (hi)
* Kun: さじ (saji, 匕)

#### Compounds

* 匕首(あいくち) (aikuchi)
* 匕(ひ)首(しゅ) (hishu)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 匕
* ひ Hyōgai
* on'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 匕
* さじ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 匕 – see the following entry. :
| 【匙ひ】H | [affix] spoon, scoop |
| 【匙かい】H | [noun] (obsolete) a scoop for food [noun] (archaic, rare) a wooden sword for training |
| 【匙さじ】H | [noun] spoon, scoop used for food [noun] more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine [noun] by extension, medicine [noun] by further extension, a doctor |
(This term, 匕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

匕 (eumhun 비수 비 (bisu bi))
* spoon
* dagger

## Vietnamese
### Han character

匕: Hán Nôm readings: chủy/chuỷ
* In Vietnamese Hán Nôm texts, 匕 is used as an iteration marker.
* chữ Hán form of chuỷ (“Kangxi radical 21—‘spoon’”).