# ’

| ’ | U+2019, &#8217; RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK |
| ← ‘ [U+2018] | General Punctuation | ‚ → [U+201A] |
| ՚ | U+055A, &#1370; ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE |
| ← ՙ [U+0559] | Armenian | ՛ → [U+055B] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

The ASCII apostrophe may be used for all language-specific forms listed below:

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Punctuation mark

* Used as a quotation mark in some languages.
* (informal) A substitute for the letter ⟨ʼ⟩ for glottal stop and ejective consonants in the orthographies of various languages of America, Africa, and the Pacific.
* (informal, in transliterated Arabic and Hebrew text) A substitute for ⟨ʼ⟩ for hamza.
* (informal, in transliterated Cyrillic text) A substitute for the modifying diacritic ⟨ʹ⟩ used to transliterate the soft sign ⟨ь⟩ and palatalized consonants.
* (international standards) transliteration of Sanskrit avagraha ऽ (or equivalents)

### See also

Punctuation
* apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ )
* curly brackets or braces (US) ( { } )
* square brackets or brackets (US) ( [ ] )
* colon ( : )
* comma ( , )
* dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
* ellipsis ( … )
* exclamation mark ( ! )
* fraction slash ( ⁄ )
* guillemets ( « » ) ( ‹ › )
* hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ )
* interpunct ( · )
* interrobang (rare) ( ‽ )
* brackets or parentheses (US, Canada) ( ( ) )
* full stop or period (US, Canada) ( . )
* question mark ( ? )
* quotation marks (formal) ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
* quotation marks (informal, computing) ( " ) ( ' )
* semicolon ( ; )
* slash or stroke (UK) ( / )
* space ( ] [ )
* Afrikaans: “ ” · ‘ ’ · „ ” · ‚ ’
* Albanian: „ “ · ‘ ’
* Arabic: « » · ( ) · “ ”
* Armenian: « »
* Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: « » · “ ”
* Azerbaijani: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · " " · ‘ ’ · ' '
* Basque: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · ‘ ’
* Belarusian: « » · “ ”
* Bulgarian: „ “ · ’ ’ · ‘ ’ · « » · ’ ’ · ‘ ’ · —
* Catalan: « » · “ ” · ‘ ’, —
* Chinese: “ ” · ‘ ’ · 「 」 · 『 』
* Czech: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
* Danish: » « · „ “ · › ‹ · ‚ ’ · ” ” · ’ ’
* Dutch: ‘ ’ · “ ” · ‚ ’ · „ ”
* English U.K.: ' ' · " " · ‘ ’ · “ ”
* English U.S.: " " · ' ' · “ ” · ‘ ’
* Esperanto: (depends on country of publication)
* Estonian: „ “ · « »
* Filipino: “ ” · ‘ ’
* Finnish: ” ” · ’ ’ · » »
* French: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · —
* Georgian: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
* German: „ “ · ‚ ‘ ; » « · › ‹ ; regional: « » · ‹ ›
* Greek: « » · “ ” · ‟ ” · —
* Hungarian: „ ” · » « · —
* Icelandic: „ “ · ‚ ‘
* Indonesian: “ ” · ‘ ’
* Interlingua: (depends on country of publication)
* Irish: “ ” · ‘ ’
* Italian: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · ‘ ’
* Japanese: 「 」 · 『 』 · 〝 〟 · 〝 〞
* Korean: “ ” · ‘ ’ · 『 』 · 「 」
* Latvian: « » · „ “
* Lithuanian: « » · „ “
* Lower Sorbian: „ “ · ‚ ‘
* Macedonian: „ “ · ’ ‘ · ‘ ’
* Northern Kurdish: « »
* Norwegian: « » · „ “ · ‘ ’ · ‚ ‘
* Persian: « »
* Polish: „ ” · « » · » « · —
* Portuguese: “ ” · ‘ ’ · « » · —
* Romanian: „ ” · « » · —
* Russian: « » · „ “ · „ ” · —
* Serbo-Croatian: „ ” · ” ” · ‘ ’ · ’ ’ · „ “ · » «
* Slovak: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
* Slovene: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
* Spanish: « » · “ ” · ‘ ’ · —
* Swedish: ” ” · ’ ’ · » » · » « · —
* Thai: “ ” · ‘ ’
* Turkish: “ ” · ‘ ’ · « » · › ‹ · —
* Ukrainian: « » · „ ” · ‚ ‘
* Vietnamese: “ ” · —
* Welsh: ‘ ’ · “ ”
* Curved double quotation marks: “ ” · ” ” · „ ” · „ “ · ‟ ”
* Curved single quotation marks: ‘ ’ · ’ ’ · ‚ ’ · ‚ ‘ · ’ ‘ · ‛ ’
* Straight double quotation marks: " "
* Straight single quotation marks: ' '
* Guillemets: « » · » « · » »
* Single guillemets: ‹ › · › ‹
* Corner brackets: 「 」 · 『 』
* Angle brackets: 《 》 · 〈 〉
* Prime quotation marks: 〝 〟 · 〝 〞
* Curved double quotation marks: “ · ” · „ · ‟
* Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘ · ’ · ‚ · ‛
* Straight double quotation mark: "
* Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
* Prime quotation marks: 〝 · 〞 · 〟
* Guillemets: « · »
* Single guillemets: ‹ · ›
* Corner brackets: 「 · 」 · 『 · 』
* Quotation dashes: — (em dash) · ― (horizontal bar) · – (en dash)

### Further reading

* ’ on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## English
### Symbol

* Indicating the omission of letters or digits.
    tho’, they’ll, ’65, ’ospital

#### Usage notes

* When indicating a possessive (see -') and omission of letters, this symbol is called an apostrophe.
* Some use the homoglyph ʼ (U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) instead.

### References

* ↑ Ted Clancy (2015 June 3) “Which Unicode character should represent the English apostrophe? (And why the Unicode committee is very wrong.)”, in Ted’s Blog: Stuff about my work at Mozilla.

## Armenian
### Punctuation mark

* Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)
** In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
    ’ի տուն ― ’i tun ― to home
** In literary Western Armenian, replaces reduced vowels, especially in the case of the particles կը (kə), մը (mə), չի (čʻi).
    կ’ըսէ ― k’əsē ― says
    չ’երթար ― čʻ’ertʻar ― doesn't go
** In transliterating European proper nouns with apostrophes, such as names with the particles d’, O', transliterates the apostrophe.
    Ժաննա դ’Արկ ― Žanna d’Ark ― Joan of Arc

#### Usage notes

* According to the Unicode Standard, U+055A ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE has the same shape and function as the Latin apostrophe at U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, which is preferred.

#### See also

* (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
* (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
* (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գ$^յ$ կ$^յ$ ք$^յ$ հ$^յ$ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
* (Punctuation):  ՙ  ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
* (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

#### References

* ↑ The Unicode Standard 15.0, page 322

## Belarusian
### Symbol

* Indicating the non-palatalization of the preceding consonant before a soft vowel.

## Finnish
### Symbol

* Alternative spelling of ’

#### Usage notes

See the usage notes under the entry.

## German
### Symbol

* Indicating the omission of letters.
** In case of enclitic pronouns: wenn es → wenn’s, gibt es → gibt’s
** (sometimes proscribed) In case of merging of prepositions and articles: auf dem → auf’m
** In case of omission of e in the present indicative: ich gehe → ich geh’, wir/sie gehen → wir/sie geh’n
** (sometimes proscribed) In case of the omission of e in the imperative singular: gehe du → geh’ du
** (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the imperative plural: gehet ihr → geh’t ihr
** (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the past participle: entdecket → entdeck’t, bezeuget → bezeug’t
** (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the genitive case: Gottes → Gott’s, Königes → König’s

#### Usage notes

* In many cases where letters are omitted, there are also spellings without an apostrophes (e.g. wenns, aufm, gehn, geh, geht, entdeckt).

## Lithuanian
### Punctuation mark

* (rare) used to indicate silent vowels
    mirdamas → mirdam’s(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (rare) used to compound foreign words, names and abbreviations with Lithuanian suffixes
    YouTube → YouTube’as(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    William Shakespeare → William’as Shakespeare’as(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    TASS → TASS’as(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Usage notes

* Phonetic respellings are preferred over the latter sense.

## Macedonian
### Symbol

* A symbol placed before a syllabic р (r) at the beginning of a word: ’рт, ’рѓа, ’рбет, ’рмба etc.
* A symbol used to denote the schwa sound in some dialectal words: к’смет.

#### See also

* ◌́
* ◌̀

## Ottoman Turkish
### Letter

* A symbol in the Armeno-Turkish script used to spell words containing ع and ء in the Perso-Arabic script. Represents glottal stop: [ʔ]. Transliterated as '.

#### Usage notes

This was often unpronounced, and is not written in Modern Turkish anymore. For example, Ottoman ساعت, սա’աթ (saʼat) is Modern Turkish saat.

### See also

* (The Armeno-Turkish script): Աա Գգ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Կկ Հհ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Չչ Պպ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ ’
* (Primarily in Armenian words): Բբ Դդ Ծծ Ձձ Ջջ Ոո Ռռ Ցց Ււ
* (Letter combinations): էօ իւ ու նկ նղ
* (Punctuation): ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ․ ։ ֊

## Ukrainian
### Symbol

* Indicates the non-palatalization of the preceding consonant before a soft vowel.
* Represents the apostrophe in names transliterated from the Latin alphabet.
    Кот-д’Івуар ― Kot-dʺIvuar ― Côte d’Ivoire