# 嗽

| 嗽 | U+55FD, &#22013; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55FD |
| ← 嗼 [U+55FC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嗾 → [U+55FE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嗽 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 口木中人 (RDLO), four-corner 6708$_2$, composition ⿰口欶)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 204, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4154
* Dae Jaweon: page 427, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 674, character 10
* Unihan data for U+55FD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涑 | *sloː, *sloːɡ, *sloɡ |
| 鏉 | *sloː, *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 摗 | *sloː |
| 駷 | *sloːʔ, *sloŋʔ |
| 嗽 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ |
| 瘶 | *sloːɡs |
| 欶 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ |
| 漱 | *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 悚 | *sloŋʔ |
| 竦 | *sloŋʔ |
| 娕 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 速 | *sloːɡ |
| 餗 | *sloːɡ |
| 殐 | *sloːɡ |
| 遬 | *sloːɡ |
| 蔌 | *sloːɡ |
| 樕 | *sloːɡ |
| 藗 | *sloːɡ |
| 誎 | *sʰloɡ |
| 束 | *hljoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 欶 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ).

### Etymology

Note similarities to the second syllable of Burmese ချောင်းဆိုး (hkyaung:hcui:, “to cough”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sòu, shù, sù (sou$^4$, shu$^4$, su$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄡˋ, ㄕㄨˋ, ㄙㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sau$^3$ / sok$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhu̍k
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sò͘ / sàu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sòu
*** Wade–Giles: sou$^4$
*** Yale: sòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sow
*** Palladius: соу (sou)
*** Sinological IPA : /soʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sù
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$
*** Yale: sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
*** Palladius: су (su)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^3$ / sok$^3$
*** Yale: sau / sok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^3$ / sok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^3$ / sog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯³³/, /sɔːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: cug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sox
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sɔ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàu
*** Tâi-lô: sàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: saux
*** IPA (Taipei): /sau¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /sau²¹/
* sò͘ - literary;
* sàu - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: suwH, suwk, sraewk
Rime :
| Character | 嗽 | 嗽 | 嗽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 屋 (3) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | II |
| Fanqie | 蘇奏切 | 桑谷切 | 所角切 |
| Baxter | suwH | suwk | sraewk |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /səu$^H$/ | /suk̚/ | /ʃˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /səu$^H$/ | /suk̚/ | /ʃᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /səu$^H$/ | /suk̚/ | /ʃɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /səw$^H$/ | /səwk̚/ | /ʂaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /su$^H$/ | /suk̚/ | /ʃɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /səu$^H$/ | /suk̚/ | /ʃɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sə̯u$^H$/ | /suk̚/ | /ʂɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sòu | su | shuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^3$ | suk$^1$ | sok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤok-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sloːɡs/, /*sroːɡ/, /*sloːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 嗽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ suw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ˁok-s/ |
| English | cough |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嗽 | 嗽 | 嗽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 11864 | 11878 | 11884 |
| Phonetic component | 束 | 束 | 束 |
| Rime group | 竇 | 屋 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瘶 | 朔 | 速 |
| Old Chinese | /*sloːɡs/ | /*sroːɡ/ | /*sloːɡ/ |
| Notes | | 同欶 | |

### Definitions

嗽
* to cough

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 嗽, 欬 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 咳嗽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 咳嗽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 咳嗽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 咳嗽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 咳嗽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 咳嗽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 咳嗽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 咳嗽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 咳嗽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 咳嗽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 咳嗽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 咳嗽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 咳嗽, 咳 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 咳嗽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 咳嗽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 咳, 咯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 咳嗽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 咳嗽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 咳嗽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 咳嗽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 咳, 咳嗽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 咳嗽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 咳嗽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 咳嗽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 瘕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 嗽 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 嗽 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 咳, 嗽 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 咳, 咳嗽 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 咳瘕 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咳 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咳嗽 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 咳, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 咳 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 咳 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 咳, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 咳 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 咳 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 咳嗽, 咳, 嗽 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Linhe | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Jining | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Baotou | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 咳嗽 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 咳嗽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 咳嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 嗽, 空嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 空嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 空嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 嗽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 嗽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 咁嗽, 咳嗽, 嗽 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 咁嗽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 咁嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 嗽, 咳嗽, 峇啅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 咳嗽, 嗽 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 嗽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 咳嗽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 咳嗽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 瘕咆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 瘕咆 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 咳 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 咳 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 咳嗽, 咳 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Danyang | 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 嗆, 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 嗆, 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 嗆, 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 嗽, 咳嗽 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 咳嗽, 咳 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 嗽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 咳嗽, 咳 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 𠻞 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 𠻞 |

### Compounds

* 乾嗽 / 干嗽 (gānsòu)
* 冷嗽
* 呿呿嗽
* 咳嗽
* 散嗽
* 止嗽
* 歹聲嗽 / 歹声嗽
* 熱嗽 / 热嗽
* 痚呴嗽
* 百日嗽
* 硩嗽
* 聲嗽 / 声嗽

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)、そく (soku)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)、そく (soku)
* Kun: うがい (ugai, 嗽)、すすぐ (susugu, 嗽ぐ)、くちすすぐ (kuchisusugu, 嗽ぐ)、ゆすぐ (yusugu, 嗽ぐ)

### Noun

嗽(うがい) • (ugai)
* gargling

### Verb

嗽(うがい)する • (ugai suru) suru (stem 嗽(うがい)し (ugai shi), past 嗽(うがい)した (ugai shita))
* gargle

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嗽し | うがいし | ugai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嗽し | うがいし | ugai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嗽する | うがいする | ugai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嗽する | うがいする | ugai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嗽すれ | うがいすれ | ugai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 嗽せよ¹ 嗽しろ² | うがいせよ¹ うがいしろ² | ugai seyo¹ ugai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 嗽される | うがいされる | ugai sareru |
| Causative | 嗽させる 嗽さす | うがいさせる うがいさす | ugai saseru ugai sasu |
| Potential | 嗽できる | うがいできる | ugai dekiru |
| Volitional | 嗽しよう | うがいしよう | ugai shiyō |
| Negative | 嗽しない | うがいしない | ugai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 嗽せず | うがいせず | ugai sezu |
| Formal | 嗽します | うがいします | ugai shimasu |
| Perfective | 嗽した | うがいした | ugai shita |
| Conjunctive | 嗽して | うがいして | ugai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 嗽すれば | うがいすれば | ugai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean
### Hanja

嗽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

嗽: Hán Nôm readings: sấu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation