# 崇

| 崇 | U+5D07, &#23815; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5D07 |
| ← 崆 [U+5D06] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 崈 → [U+5D08] |

## Translingual
### Han character

崇 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山十一火 (UJMF), four-corner 2290$_1$, composition ⿱山宗)

#### Derived characters

* 漴 㓽 𠼾 𢠄 𣙩 𤨲 𥊠 𥛢 𥡶 𧐿 𫌌 𨅃 𫓁 𩞉(𬳐) 𩻃 𧽧 𨝡 𪅁 𪉻 𩅃

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 313, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8152
* Dae Jaweon: page 613, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 782, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5D07

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 淙 | *zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ |
| 鬃 | *zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ |
| 漴 | *zruːŋs |
| 粽 | *ʔsoːŋs |
| 宗 | *ʔsuːŋ |
| 倧 | *ʔsuːŋ |
| 綜 | *ʔsuːŋs |
| 錝 | *ʔsuːŋs |
| 賨 | *zuːŋ |
| 琮 | *zuːŋ |
| 悰 | *zuːŋ |
| 孮 | *zuːŋ |
| 誴 | *zuːŋ |
| 崇 | *zruŋ |
| 崈 | *zruŋ |
| 踪 | *ʔsoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zruŋ): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chóng (chong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): suung$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhùng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chông / chiông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chóng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^2$
*** Yale: chúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chorng
*** Palladius: чун (čun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sung$^4$
*** Yale: sùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: suung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cùng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chông
*** Tâi-lô: tsông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông
*** Tâi-lô: tsiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ¹³/
* chông - literary;
* chiông - vernacular (used in 崇武 (Chóngwǔ), a placename).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit崇 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰoŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰoŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zoŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zoŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zoŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zoŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡soŋ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /soŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /soŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sɔŋ³⁵/ /t͡siɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡suŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sɔŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sɔŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzrjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 崇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 鋤弓切 |
| Baxter | dzrjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]<r>uŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zruŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 崇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzrjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]<r>uŋ/ |
| English | exalt, honor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 崇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17903 |
| Phonetic component | 宗 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 崇 |
| Old Chinese | /*zruŋ/ |

### Definitions

崇
* high; lofty; majestic; sublime
    崇山峻嶺／崇山峻岭 ― chóngshānjùnlǐng ― high mountains and lofty peaks
* to esteem; to revere; to exalt; to worship
    尊崇 ― zūnchóng ― to worship; to revere
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Wēngù ér zhī xīn, dūnhòu yǐ chónglǐ. [Pinyin]
    He cherishes his old knowledge, and is continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest, generous earnestness, in the esteem and practice of all propriety.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fill up
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to accumulate; to grow
* Short for 崇明島／崇明岛 (Chóngmíngdǎo).
* a surname

### Compounds

* 尊崇 (zūnchóng)
* 峻嶺崇山 / 峻岭崇山
* 崇仁 (Chóngrén)
* 崇信 (chóngxìn)
* 崇儒
* 崇化厲俗 / 崇化厉俗
* 崇墉
* 崇外
* 崇奉 (chóngfèng)
* 崇她社
* 崇安 (Chóng'ān)
* 崇寧 / 崇宁
* 崇尚 (chóngshàng)
* 崇山
* 崇山峻嶺 / 崇山峻岭 (chóngshānjùnlǐng)
* 崇崖
* 崇崇
* 崇川
* 崇州 (Chóngzhōu)
* 崇左 (Chóngzuǒ)
* 崇德 (Chóngdé)
* 崇德報功 / 崇德报功
* 崇拜 (chóngbài)
* 崇敬 (chóngjìng)
* 崇文總目 / 崇文总目
* 崇文門 / 崇文门
* 崇文館 / 崇文馆
* 崇明 (Chóngmíng)
* 崇有論 / 崇有论
* 崇朝
* 崇本抑末
* 崇正黜邪
* 崇洋 (chóngyáng)
* 崇祀
* 崇禎 / 崇祯 (Chóngzhēn)
* 崇禮 / 崇礼 (Chónglǐ)
* 崇節尚儉 / 崇节尚俭
* 崇義 / 崇义 (Chóngyì)
* 崇論宏議 / 崇论宏议
* 崇論閎議 / 崇论闳议
* 崇鑒 / 崇鉴
* 崇閎 / 崇闳
* 崇阿
* 崇陽 / 崇阳 (Chóngyáng)
* 崇飲 / 崇饮
* 崇高 (chónggāo)
* 庶物崇拜
* 廣崇 / 广崇
* 惠崇
* 戒奢崇儉 / 戒奢崇俭
* 推崇 (tuīchóng)
* 推崇備至 / 推崇备至 (tuīchóngbèizhì)
* 欽崇 / 钦崇 (qīnchóng)
* 登崇
* 鄭崇履聲 / 郑崇履声
* 隆崇

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to adore, to worship, to revere
* lofty

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずう (zū)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)、そう (sō)
* Kan’yō-on: すう (sū, Jōyō)、す (su)
* Kun: たかい (takai, 崇い)、あがめる (agameru, 崇める)、たっとぶ (tattobu, 崇ぶ)

### Proper noun

崇(たかし) • (Takashi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

崇 • (sung) (hangeul 숭, revised sung, McCune–Reischauer sung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

崇: Hán Nôm readings: sùng, sồng, sung, xùng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.