# 扣

| 扣 | U+6263, &#25187; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6263 |
| ← 扢 [U+6262] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 扤 → [U+6264] |

## Translingual
### Han character

扣 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 手口 (QR), four-corner 5600$_0$, composition ⿰扌口)

#### Derived characters

* 𫅖, 𪧊, 筘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 418, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11807
* Dae Jaweon: page 765, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1829, character 13
* Unihan data for U+6263

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 扣
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 口 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 叩 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 扣 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs |
| 釦 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 筘 | *kʰoːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs): semantic 手 + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kòu (kou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kau$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khieu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiò / khò͘ / khàu / khau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kao$^3$ / ka$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòu
*** Wade–Giles: kʻou$^4$
*** Yale: kòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
*** Palladius: коу (kou)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (扣兒 / 扣儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòur
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòur
*** Wade–Giles: kʻou$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: kòur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kowl
*** Palladius: коур (kour)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kau$^3$
*** Yale: kau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
*** Hakka Romanization System: kieu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiò
*** Tâi-lô: khiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qioix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰio⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰio¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘
*** Tâi-lô: khòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qox
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu
*** Tâi-lô: khàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qaux
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰau¹¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khau
*** Tâi-lô: khau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qaw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰau⁴⁴/
* khiò/khò͘ - literary;
* khàu - vernacular;
* khau - 摳 is used in the Mainland.
* Middle Chinese: khuwX, khuwH
Rime :
| Character | 扣 | 扣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦后切 | 苦候切 |
| Baxter | khuwX | khuwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰəu$^X$/ | /kʰəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəu$^X$/ | /kʰəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰəu$^X$/ | /kʰəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəw$^X$/ | /kʰəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰu$^X$/ | /kʰu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰəu$^X$/ | /kʰəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰə̯u$^X$/ | /kʰə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǒu | kòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^2$ | hau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːʔ/, /*kʰoːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 扣 | 扣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7492 | 7494 |
| Phonetic component | 口 | 口 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 口 | 𡨥 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːʔ/ | /*kʰoːs/ |

### Definitions

扣
* Alternative form of 叩 (kòu, “to knock; to rap; to strike; to pound”)
** 10th century, 李中 (南唐), “留題胡參卿秀才幽居”, in 碧雲集:
       kòu mén shí yǒu qīchán kè, shī jiǔ duō zhāo cǎi yào wēng [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 12th–13th century, 葉紹翁, “游園不值”, in 南宋群賢小集, 宋槧宋印 edition:
       yīng xián jī chǐ yìn cāng tái, shí kòu chái mén jiǔ bù kāi [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    in 兩宋名賢小集, 文淵閣 edition:
       yīng lián jī chǐ yìn cāng tái, xiǎo kòu chái fēi jiǔ bù kāi [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1963, 瓊瑤, chapter 7, in 窗外:
       Wēnróu de yè fēng qīng kòu zhe tā de chuāngjiàn. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* Alternative form of 叩 (kòu, “to enquire”)
** 12th century, 洪邁, “楚州方夫子”, in 夷堅志·夷堅三志, volume 壬卷第二:
       Qiú jiàn zhī zhě, bù kě zōng jì. Fán rén sǐshēng fúhuò, zhí qí kěn yán, wú bù xiǎngyìng, rán bù kě kòu. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to hold; to restrain; to grab (a horse)
* to detain; to arrest
* to button; to fasten a button; to buckle; to clasp
* button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener)
    紐扣／纽扣 ― niǔkòu ― button
* knot
* to subtract; to deduct (money, points, etc.)
* to accord with; to tally with; to conform to
* Classifier for discount.
* a surname, Kou

#### Synonyms

* (to rap):
* 打擊 / 打击 (dǎjī)
* 拍打 (pāidǎ)
* 拍擊 / 拍击 (pāijī)
* 撲 / 扑 (pū)
* 擊 / 击 (jī)
* 擊打 / 击打 (jīdǎ)
* 敲 (qiāo)
* 敲打 (qiāodǎ)
* 敲擊 / 敲击 (qiāojī)
* 格 (literary)
* (to detain):
* 扣押 (kòuyā)
* 扣留 (kòuliú)
* 押 (yā)
* 拘留 (jūliú)
* 拘禁 (jūjìn)
* 收押 (shōuyā)
* 看押 (kānyā)
* 羈押 / 羁押 (jīyā) (formal)
* (button):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扣, 衣扣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扣子, 扣兒, 紐兒 Chinese-stye |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扣子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 扣兒 Western-style |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 扣子, 紐扣兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 扣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 扣子 Western-style |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 扣子 disc, 紐子, 紐門兒疙瘩 ball |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 扣子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 紐子 Western-style, 紐子疙瘩 knot |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 扣子, 紐子 Chinese-style |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 扣子 Western-style, 紐子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 扣子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 扣子, 紐子 Chinese-style, 紐扣 Chinese-style |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 扣子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 扣子 Western-style, 紐扣 Western-style, 紐子, 紐兒 old-style ball |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 紐子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 紐 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 紐 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 扣子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 扣仔 new-style, 扣子 new-style, 跪兒 old-style |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 扣子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 紐公仔 Chinese-style, 扣仔 Western-style, 紐仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 紐扣 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 扣子 disc, 紐子 knot |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 紐仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 紐仔, 扣仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 紐仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 紐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 紐仔, 紐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 紐子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 扣子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 扣扣, 扣疙瘩 Chinese-style |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 扣子 Western-style |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 紐仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 扣門 Chinese-stye |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 紐仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 紐 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 紐 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 紐 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 紐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 紐 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 扣子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 紐子, 紐頭 Chinese-style |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 紐子 Western-style, 紐頭 Chinese-style |
| Wu | Suzhou | 紐子 ball, 紐頭 disc |
| Wu | Wuxi | 紐頭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 紐扣, 紐子子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 紐扣兒 Chinese-style, 扣兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 紐子 Western-style |
| Wu | Jinhua | 紐子兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 扣子 Western-style, 扣它子 Chinese-style |
| Xiang | Loudi | 扣子 |
* (to accord with):
* 切合 (qièhé)
* 受 (colloquial)
* 合乎 (héhū)
* 合於 / 合于 (héyú)
* 吻合 (wěnhé)
* 契合 (qìhé)
* 相合 (xiānghé)
* 相投 (xiāngtóu)
* 相符 (xiāngfú)
* 符合
* 適合 / 适合 (shìhé)
* 順 / 顺 (shùn)
* (discount): 折 (zhé)

### Compounds

* 一折八扣
* 七折八扣
* 七除八扣 (qīchú-bākòu)
* 三環五扣 / 三环五扣
* 不折不扣 (bùzhébùkòu)
* 伏地扣子
* 倒扣
* 倒扣針兒 / 倒扣针儿
* 假扣押 (jiǎ kòuyā)
* 入扣
* 剋扣 / 克扣 (kèkòu)
* 吊扣
* 回扣 (huíkòu)
* 子母扣兒 / 子母扣儿 (zǐmǔkòur)
* 對扣 / 对扣
* 弔扣 / 吊扣
* 打折扣 (dǎ zhékòu)
* 扣人心弦 (kòurénxīnxián)
* 扣兒 / 扣儿 (kòur)
* 扣分 (kòufēn)
* 扣剋 / 扣克
* 扣問 / 扣问 (kòuwèn)
* 扣子 (kòuzi)
* 扣子繩 / 扣子绳
* 扣帽子 (kòu màozi)
* 扣廳 / 扣厅
* 扣戥頭 / 扣戥头
* 扣抵
* 扣押 (kòuyā)
* 扣掉
* 扣擊 / 扣击
* 扣日子
* 扣查
* 扣槃捫燭 / 扣槃扪烛
* 扣球 (kòuqiú)
* 扣環兒 / 扣环儿
* 扣留 (kòuliú)
* 扣籃 / 扣篮 (kòulán)
* 扣緊 / 扣紧
* 扣練齒輪 / 扣练齿轮 (kòuliànchǐlún)
* 扣繳 / 扣缴 (kòujiǎo)
* 扣繳率 / 扣缴率
* 扣考
* 扣舷
* 扣襻兒 / 扣襻儿
* 扣身衫子
* 扣邊 / 扣边
* 扣針 / 扣针 (kòuzhēn)
* 扣門 / 扣门 (kòumén)
* 扣除 (kòuchú)
* 扣除額 / 扣除额
* 扣頭 / 扣头
* 扣題 / 扣题
* 扣馬 / 扣马
* 扣黑鍋 / 扣黑锅
* 折扣 (zhékòu)
* 抵扣 (dǐkòu)
* 拘扣
* 拴扣兒 / 拴扣儿
* 排扣
* 摁扣兒 / 摁扣儿 (ènkòur)
* 攀轅扣馬 / 攀辕扣马
* 書扣子 / 书扣子
* 查扣 (chákòu)
* 機扣 / 机扣
* 活扣兒 / 活扣儿
* 環環相扣 / 环环相扣 (huánhuánxiāngkòu)
* 甯戚扣角
* 留扣子
* 紐扣 / 纽扣 (niǔkòu)
* 絲絲入扣 / 丝丝入扣
* 腳扣 / 脚扣
* 舉手扣額 / 举手扣额
* 號天扣地 / 号天扣地
* 螺絲扣 / 螺丝扣
* 袖扣 (xiùkòu)
* 解扣兒 / 解扣儿
* 連環扣 / 连环扣
* 釘扣子 / 钉扣子
* 鈕扣 / 钮扣 (niǔkòu)

### Further reading

* “扣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: たたく (tataku, 扣く)、ひかえる (hikaeru, 扣える)、うつ (utsu, 扣つ)

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

扣 (eumhun 두드릴 구 (dudeuril gu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

扣 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

扣: Hán Nôm readings: khấu, khẩu, khâu, kháu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.