# -ma
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-ma
* Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ma
* Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.

## Bambara
### Suffix

-ma
* particle indicating a link between two people

#### Derived terms

* filanima (“twin”)
* sinama (“co-wife”)
* terima (“friend”)
* tɔgɔma (“homonym”)

### Suffix

-ma
* particle creating adjectives from common nouns

#### Derived terms

* sukaroma (“sweet”)
* kɔgɔma (“salty”)
* nɔnɔma (“with milk”)
* cɛma (“male”)
* musoma (“female”)

## Choctaw
### Suffix

-ma
* (demonstrative) that, those

### See also

* -pa (“this”)

## Dutch
### Suffix

-ma
* occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names

## Estonian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

#### Suffix

-ma (da-infinitive -ta)
* Forms verbs from nouns.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

#### Suffix

-ma
* The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Moksha -ма (-ma) in эряма (eŕama, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).

#### Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
* Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
    ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-ma → ‎elämä (“life”)
    ‎kuolla (“to die”) + ‎-ma → ‎kuolema (“death”)
    ‎osua (“to hit”) + ‎-ma → ‎osuma (“hit”)
    ‎sattua (“to take place”) + ‎-ma → ‎sattuma (“chance”)
    ‎tapahtua (“to happen”) + ‎-ma → ‎tapahtuma (“event”)
* (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.
* Used to form the combining form of some verbs.
    ‎uida (“to swim”) + ‎-ma → ‎uima-

##### Inflection

Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-mani
-mani
accusative
nom.
-mani
-mani
gen.
-mani
genitive
-mani
-mieni -maini $^{rare}$
partitive
-maani
-miani
inessive
-massani
-missani
elative
-mastani
-mistani
illative
-maani
-miini
adessive
-mallani
-millani
ablative
-maltani
-miltani
allative
-malleni
-milleni
essive
-manani
-minani
translative
-makseni
-mikseni
abessive
-mattani
-mittani
instructive
comitative
—-mineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-masi
-masi
accusative
nom.
-masi
-masi
gen.
-masi
genitive
-masi
-miesi -maisi $^{rare}$
partitive
-maasi
-miasi
inessive
-massasi
-missasi
elative
-mastasi
-mistasi
illative
-maasi
-miisi
adessive
-mallasi
-millasi
ablative
-maltasi
-miltasi
allative
-mallesi
-millesi
essive
-manasi
-minasi
translative
-maksesi
-miksesi
abessive
-mattasi
-mittasi
instructive
comitative
—-minesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-mamme
-mamme
accusative
nom.
-mamme
-mamme
gen.
-mamme
genitive
-mamme
-miemme -maimme $^{rare}$
partitive
-maamme
-miamme
inessive
-massamme
-missamme
elative
-mastamme
-mistamme
illative
-maamme
-miimme
adessive
-mallamme
-millamme
ablative
-maltamme
-miltamme
allative
-mallemme
-millemme
essive
-manamme
-minamme
translative
-maksemme
-miksemme
abessive
-mattamme
-mittamme
instructive
comitative
—-minemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-manne
-manne
accusative
nom.
-manne
-manne
gen.
-manne
genitive
-manne
-mienne -mainne $^{rare}$
partitive
-maanne
-mianne
inessive
-massanne
-missanne
elative
-mastanne
-mistanne
illative
-maanne
-miinne
adessive
-mallanne
-millanne
ablative
-maltanne
-miltanne
allative
-mallenne
-millenne
essive
-mananne
-minanne
translative
-maksenne
-miksenne
abessive
-mattanne
-mittanne
instructive
comitative
—-minenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-mansa
-mansa
accusative
nom.
-mansa
-mansa
gen.
-mansa
genitive
-mansa
-miensa -mainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
-maansa
-miaan -miansa
inessive
-massaan -massansa
-missaan -missansa
elative
-mastaan -mastansa
-mistaan -mistansa
illative
-maansa
-miinsa
adessive
-mallaan -mallansa
-millaan -millansa
ablative
-maltaan -maltansa
-miltaan -miltansa
allative
-malleen -mallensa
-milleen -millensa
essive
-manaan -manansa
-minaan -minansa
translative
-makseen -maksensa
-mikseen -miksensa
abessive
-mattaan -mattansa
-mittaan -mittansa
instructive
comitative
—-mineen -minensa :

##### Derived terms

* -maton
* -minen
* -mo
* -mus

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

#### Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
* The suffix of the agent participle.
    ‎ajaa (“to drive”) + ‎-ma → ‎ajama (“driven by”)
       miehen ajama auto — car driven by the man
* The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.

##### Inflection

Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-mani
-mani
accusative
nom.
-mani
-mani
gen.
-mani
genitive
-mani
-mieni -maini $^{rare}$
partitive
-maani
-miani
inessive
-massani
-missani
elative
-mastani
-mistani
illative
-maani
-miini
adessive
-mallani
-millani
ablative
-maltani
-miltani
allative
-malleni
-milleni
essive
-manani
-minani
translative
-makseni
-mikseni
abessive
-mattani
-mittani
instructive
comitative
—-mineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-masi
-masi
accusative
nom.
-masi
-masi
gen.
-masi
genitive
-masi
-miesi -maisi $^{rare}$
partitive
-maasi
-miasi
inessive
-massasi
-missasi
elative
-mastasi
-mistasi
illative
-maasi
-miisi
adessive
-mallasi
-millasi
ablative
-maltasi
-miltasi
allative
-mallesi
-millesi
essive
-manasi
-minasi
translative
-maksesi
-miksesi
abessive
-mattasi
-mittasi
instructive
comitative
—-minesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-mamme
-mamme
accusative
nom.
-mamme
-mamme
gen.
-mamme
genitive
-mamme
-miemme -maimme $^{rare}$
partitive
-maamme
-miamme
inessive
-massamme
-missamme
elative
-mastamme
-mistamme
illative
-maamme
-miimme
adessive
-mallamme
-millamme
ablative
-maltamme
-miltamme
allative
-mallemme
-millemme
essive
-manamme
-minamme
translative
-maksemme
-miksemme
abessive
-mattamme
-mittamme
instructive
comitative
—-minemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-manne
-manne
accusative
nom.
-manne
-manne
gen.
-manne
genitive
-manne
-mienne -mainne $^{rare}$
partitive
-maanne
-mianne
inessive
-massanne
-missanne
elative
-mastanne
-mistanne
illative
-maanne
-miinne
adessive
-mallanne
-millanne
ablative
-maltanne
-miltanne
allative
-mallenne
-millenne
essive
-mananne
-minanne
translative
-maksenne
-miksenne
abessive
-mattanne
-mittanne
instructive
comitative
—-minenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-mansa
-mansa
accusative
nom.
-mansa
-mansa
gen.
-mansa
genitive
-mansa
-miensa -mainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
-maansa
-miaan -miansa
inessive
-massaan -massansa
-missaan -missansa
elative
-mastaan -mastansa
-mistaan -mistansa
illative
-maansa
-miinsa
adessive
-mallaan -mallansa
-millaan -millansa
ablative
-maltaan -maltansa
-miltaan -miltansa
allative
-malleen -mallensa
-milleen -millensa
essive
-manaan -manansa
-minaan -minansa
translative
-makseen -maksensa
-mikseen -miksensa
abessive
-mattaan -mattansa
-mittaan -mittansa
instructive
comitative
—-mineen -minensa :

##### Derived terms
## Garo
### Etymology

Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎 / 吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Suffix

-ma
* Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɒ]

### Suffix

-ma
* (noun-forming suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun. No longer productive.
    ‎játszik (“to play”) + ‎-ma → ‎játszma (“game, match”)

#### Usage notes

* (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ma is added to back-vowel words
    -me is added to front-vowel words

#### Derived terms
### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

### References

* ↑ -ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognates include Finnish -ma and Estonian -m.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-mɑ/, [-mɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-mɑ/, [-mɑ]

### Suffix

-ma (front vowel variant -mä)
* Used to form result nouns from verbs.
    ‎vettää (“to pull”) + ‎-ma → ‎vetämä (“cartload”)

#### Derived terms
## Kambera
### Pronoun

-ma
* first person plural exclusive genitive enclitic

#### See also

| | Nominative | Genitive | Accusative | Dative |
| 1sg | ku- | -nggu | -ka | -ngga |
| 2sg | mu- (u-) | -mu | -kau | -nggau |
| 3sg | na- | -na | -ya | -nya |
| 1pl.incl | ta- | -nda | -ta | -nda |
| 1pl.excl | ma- | -ma | -kama | -nggama |
| 2pl | mi- (i-) | -mi | -kami (-kai) | -nggami (-nggai) |
| 3pl | da- | -da | -ha | -nja |

## Kari'na
### Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma, Ye'kwana -ma. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition me (“functioning as”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ma]

### Suffix

-ma
* Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations, but often ‘to cause to become or gain the qualities of’.
* Forms transitive verbs from loanwords.

#### Derived terms
### References

* Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 133–134, 311
* Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “-ma”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎, University of Oregon, page 767

## Laboya
### Pronoun

-ma
* first person plural exclusive subject enclitic
* first person plural exclusive possessive enclitic

#### See also

| | Subject | Subject/Possessive | Object |
| Person | | | |
| 1sg | gu- | -gu | -ga |
| 2sg | mu- | -mu | -gu |
| 3sg | na- | -na | -ni |
| 1pl.incl | da- | -da | -da |
| 1pl.excl | ma- | -ma | -gama |
| 2pl | mi- | -mi | -gimi |
| 3pl | ɗa- | -ɗa | -di |

## Latvian
### Alternative forms

* -me
* -sme

### Suffix

-ma
* Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).

#### Derived terms
## Murui Huitoto
### Etymology

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -ma and Nüpode Huitoto -ma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ma]

### Classifier

-ma
* Classifier for masculine animate nouns.

#### Coordinate terms

* -ño

#### Related terms

* -mɨe

### References

* Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎ (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
* Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎, Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* -𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* -म (Devanagari script)
* -ম (Bengali script)
* -ම (Sinhalese script)
* -မ (Burmese script)
* -ม or -มะ (Thai script)
* -ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* -ມ or -ມະ (Lao script)
* -ម (Khmer script)
* -𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Suffix

-ma
* masculine/neuter vocative singular of -mant

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـما (-ma).

#### Suffix

-ma
* Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
    Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.I won't weep for you any more.

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish ـمه (-ma).

#### Suffix

-ma
* Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
    Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.I really don't like to be forgotten.

## Warlpiri
### Suffix

-ma
* causative suffix; to cause to do (the resulting verb is a ni-class verb)

## Ye'kwana
### Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Kari'na -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ma]

### Suffix

-ma
* Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.

#### Usage notes

Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.

#### Derived terms
### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, page 148