# 鎌

| 鎌 | U+938C, &#37772; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-938C |
| ← 鎋 [U+938B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鎍 → [U+938D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鎌 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 金廿難金 (CTXC), four-corner 8813$_7$, composition ⿰釒兼)

#### Related characters

* 鐮 (Orthodox traditional form for the meaning "sickle")
* 镰 (Simplified form of 鐮 in mainland China)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1316, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40693
* Dae Jaweon: page 1816, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4244, character 9
* Unihan data for U+938C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鎌
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 譧 | *r'eːms |
| 賺 | *r'eːms |
| 尲 | *kreːm |
| 鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
| 歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
| 槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
| 鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
| 稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
| 豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
| 甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
| 廉 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
| 簾 | *ɡ·rem |
| 薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
| 嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
| 溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
| 嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
| 隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
| 熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
| 縑 | *keːm |
| 鶼 | *keːm |
| 蒹 | *keːm |
| 搛 | *keːm |
| 謙 | *kʰeːm |
| 膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
| 傔 | *kʰeːms |
| 馦 | *qʰeːm |
| 嫌 | *ɡeːm |
| 鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
| 尷 | *kreːm |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·rem): semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms)

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “same as etymology 2? from 磏?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lián (lian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lim$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lián
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lián
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$
*** Yale: lyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lim$^4$
*** Yale: lìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːm²¹/

#### Definitions

鎌
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) arrowhead with square corners
    Synonyms: 棱 (léng), 箭鏃 / 箭镞
    See also: 磏

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鎌 – see 鐮 (“sickle”). (This character is a variant form of 鐮).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04352-001#26
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B05411
* “鎌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 鎌 |
| Kyūjitai | 鎌󠄁 鎌+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 鎌󠄃 鎌+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: れん (ren)
* Kan-on: れん (ren)
* Kun: かま (kama, 鎌, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鎌
* かま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かま [káꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ma̠]

#### Noun

鎌(かま) • (kama)
* a sickle
    Synonym: サイズ (saizu)
** 1999 February 4, “ダークキラー [Dark Killer]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
    カマのように発(はっ)達(たつ)した腕(うで)を振(ふ)り回(まわ)し攻(こう)撃(げき)してくる。
       Kama no yō ni hattatsu shita ude o furimawashi kōgeki shitekuru.
       It attacks with its arms, which have grown like sickles.
* a sickle-shaped weapon, such as a polearm with a sickle-shaped blade, or a 鎖鎌 (kusarigama)
** 1999 July 5, “音(オト)女(メ) [Sonicmaiden]”, in Booster 3, Konami:
    音(おと)を扱(あつか)うのが得(とく)意(い)なオトメ。音(おん)符(ぷ)のカマを使(つか)い攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
       Oto o atsukau no ga tokui na otome. Onpu no kama o tsu kai kōgeki suru.
       A maiden proud of her ability to manipulate sound. She attacks with her musical-note-shaped scythe.
* Short for 火打鎌 (hiuchigama, “a striker for lighting fires”). (from the way that pieces of a broken kama blade were used for this purpose)
* (slang) a perverse or bent tendency or way of thinking (from the way a kama blade bends)
* (slang) a person with a perverse or bent tendency or way of thinking
* a category of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a sickle
* (woodworking) Short for 鎌継 (kamatsugi, “hammer-headed tenon”). (from the way the sickle blade sticks out perpendicular to the handle, similar to the sides of the hammer head on this kind of tenon)
* (slang) excessive talkativeness (probably by sound association with the word 喧しい (yakamashii, “noisy”))
* (slang) an excessively talkative person
* (slang) a penis (probably from the way that a sickle blade sticks out perpendicular to the handle)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎

##### Derived terms

* 鎌鼬(かまいたち) (kamaitachi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら) (Kamakura)
* 鎌柄(かまつか) (kamatsuka)
* 鎌継(かまつぎ) (kamatsugi)
* 鎌(かま)槍(やり) (kamayari): a kind of polearm with a sickle-shaped blade
* 大(おお)鎌(がま) (ōgama): a scythe
* 鎖(くさり)鎌(がま) (kusarigama): a sickle chain, a kind of weapon
* 草(くさ)刈(か)り鎌(がま) (kusakarigama): a sickle for mowing grass
* 小鎌(こがま) (kogama)
* 火打鎌(ひうちがま) (hiuchigama)
* 鉈鎌(なたがま) (natagama)

##### Idioms

* 鎌(かま)が切(き)れる (kama ga kireru): “the sickle cuts well” → to do things with authority, to get things sorted quickly and efficiently, to do things crisply and tidily
* 鎌(かま)を掛(か)ける (kama o kakeru): “to apply the sickle” → to get something out of a person without them being aware (compare English to glean); to tempt someone, to draw someone out
* 鎌(かま)に掛(か)かる (kama ni kakaru): “to be caught by a sickle” → to be taken in by someone, to be fooled or tricked

### References

* ↑ “鎌”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 겸 (kyem)$^訓$ (Yale: kyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 겸 (kyem)$^訓$ (Yale: kyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
The original reading is 렴 (ryeom) based on Middle Chinese 鎌 (MC ljem).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 렴 (lyem)$^訓$ (Yale: lyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kjʌ̹m]
* Phonetic hangul: [겸]

### Hanja

Wikisource 鎌 (eumhun 낫 겸 (nat gyeom))
* hanja form of 겸 (“sickle”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鎌: Hán Việt readings: liêm (力(lực)鹽(diêm)切(thiết))
鎌: Nôm readings: gươm, liềm
* chữ Nôm form of liềm (“sickle”).
* chữ Nôm form of gươm (“sword”).

### References

* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).