# esan
## Basque
### Alternative forms

* erran (Northern)

### Etymology

Unknown, the variant erran seems to point to an original form with an alien cluster with two different outcomes such as *esran. The synthetic forms belong to an unrelated verb with the stem -io-. Since this verb lacks non-finite forms, its forms are often given as the synthetic conjugation of esan and erran.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /es̺an/ [e.s̺ãn]
* Rhymes: -es̺an, -an
* Hyphenation: e‧san

### Verb

esan du/dio (imperfect participle esaten, future participle esango, short form esan, verbal noun esate) (Southern)
* (du) to say, tell
* (dio) to call, to name

#### Usage notes

Some of the synthetic forms are archaic, so more often periphrastic will be used instead. For example, instead of
* Zer ziotsun? ― What did he/she tell you?
the periphrastic form
* Zer esan zizun? ― What did he/she tell you?
is more commonly used.

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* esaera (“saying”)
* esaera zahar (“proverb”)
* esaka
* esakune
* esakuntza
* esaldi (“sentence”)
* esale
* esamesa
* esamesaka
* esamolde
* esan beharrik ez
* esan bezala (“as previously mentioned”)
* esan eta egin
* esan eta esan
* esan gabe doa (“it goes without saying”)
* esanahi (“meaning”)
* esanahitsu (“meaningful”)
* esanarazi
* esanaren esanaz
* esanbide
* esanbidez
* esanbidezko
* esaneko (“obedient”)
* esanekotasun
* esanen
* esanezin
* esangaitz
* esangin
* esangura (“meaning”)
* esanguratsu (“meaningful”)
* esankizun
* esapide
* esatari (“news anchor”)
* esate
* esate batera
* esate baterako (“for example”)
* esateke (“without saying”)
* esateko
* esateko moduan
* esaterako (“for example”)

### Further reading

* “esan”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “esan”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Nupe
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ē.sã̄/

#### Noun

esan
* salt
    A lá esan kún. ― They have sold the salt.

##### Derived terms

* èdùkósan (“ocean”)
* èdùsan (“ocean, sea”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /è.sã́/

#### Noun

èsán (plural èsánzhì)
* bird's nest

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* asen (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan)
* asan (Surmiran, Vallader)

### Etymology

From Latin asinus.

### Noun

esan m (plural esans)
* (Puter) (male) donkey, ass

#### Coordinate terms

* (sex): esna

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish ésom. Cognates include Irish eisean and Manx eshyn.

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /ˈaʃɪɲ/ (corresponding to the form eisein)
* (Harris, Skye) IPA: /ˈæʃən/, /ˈɛʃən/ (corresponding to the form eisean)
* (Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈes̪ən̪ˠ/
* (Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈɛʃə/ (corresponding to the form eise)

### Pronoun

esan
* (emphatic) he, him, it

#### See also

$^1$ Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. $^2$ sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* 1 2 Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1940) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. I: The dialects of the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎, Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN