OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# استحضر
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.taħ.dˤa.ra/

### Verb

اِسْتَحْضَرَ • (istaḥḍara) X (non-past يَسْتَحْضِرُ (yastaḥḍiru), verbal noun اِسْتِحْضَار (istiḥḍār)) (transitive)
* to summon physically; to ask for or demand the presence of; to call for
    Synonym: اِسْتَدْعَى (istadʕā)
* to summon mentally; to bring (a thought, a memory, an image, and the like) to one's mind, to think back to; to conjure up; to call up, to recall; to recollect; to reminisce about
    Synonym: تَذَكَّرَ (taḏakkara, “to remember”)
    Antonyms: نَسِيَ (nasiya), سَلَا (salā)
    Hypernyms: تَصَوَّرَ (taṣawwara, “to envision; to image”), تَخَيَّلَ (taḵayyala, “to imagine”)
    اِسْتَحْضَرَ ٱلْاِثْنَانِ ذِكْرَى وَفَاتِهِ.istaḥḍara l-iṯnāni ḏikrā wafātihi.The two conjured up the memory of his death.
* to urge (a horse) on to run

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “استحضر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “استحضر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# فتحة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Instance noun from the verb فَتَحَ (fataḥa). For the sense of a diacritical mark signifying an open vowel, compare Hebrew פַּתָּח (patákh, pattɔḥ).

### Pronunciation

* Noun 1: IPA: /fut.ħa/
* Noun 2: IPA: /fat.ħa/

### Noun

فُتْحَة • (futḥa) f (plural فُتَح (futaḥ))
* an opening, a hole
    سَقَطَتِ ٱلْكُرَةُ فِي ٱلْفُتْحَةِ.saqaṭati l-kuratu fī l-futḥati.The ball fell into the hole.

#### Declension
### Noun

فَتْحَة • (fatḥa) f (plural فَتَحَات (fataḥāt))
* (linguistics) fatha, fatḥa (a vowel sign in Arabic-based scripts, signifying a short /a/ sound in Classical Arabic)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “فتحة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “فتح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# سلبي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of سَلْب (salb, “negation”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root س ل ب (s l b). The sense “bad" is possibly a semantic loan from English negative.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal.bijj/

### Adjective

سَلْبِيّ • (salbiyy) (feminine سَلْبِيَّة (salbiyya), masculine plural سَلْبِيُّونَ (salbiyyūna), feminine plural سَلْبِيَّات (salbiyyāt))
* negative (not positive or neutral)
* (physics, chemistry) negative, electronegative (of electrical charge)
    Synonym: سَالِب (sālib)
    Antonym: مُوجَب (mūjab)
    شُحْنَة سَلْبِيَّة ― šuḥna(t) salbiyya ― negative charge
* negative, damaging, unfavourable
    Antonym: إِيجَابِيّ (ʔījābiyy)
    هٰذَا ٱلْاِقْتِرَاحُ لَهُ نِقَاطٌ سَلْبِيَّةٌ وَإِيجَابِيَّةٌhāḏā l-iqtirāḥu lahu niqāṭun salbiyyatun waʔījābiyyatunThis proposal has negative and positive aspects.
* (often used pejoratively) negative, pessimistic
    Antonym: إِيجَابِيّ (ʔījābiyy)
    إِنْسَان سَلْبِيَّ ― ʔinsān salbiyya ― a negative person

#### Descendants

* → Uyghur: سەلبىي (selbiy)
* → Uzbek: salbiy

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سلبي”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
# عدسة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Singulative noun of عَدَس (ʕadas).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.da.sa/

### Noun

عَدَسَة • (ʕadasa) f (singulative, collective عَدَس m (ʕadas))
* lentil

#### Declension
### Noun

عَدَسَة • (ʕadasa) f (plural عَدَسَات (ʕadasāt))
* lens, magnifying glass

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: ədəsə
* → Ottoman Turkish: عدسه (adese)
** → Turkish: adese

### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “عدسة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1972
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عدسة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 676
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عدسة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 696

## South Levantine Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.da.se/, [ˈʕa.da.se]
* IPA: /ʕa.da.sa/, [ˈʕa.da.sa]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَدَسَة (ʕadasa).

#### Noun

عدسة • (ʕadase) f (singulative, collective عدس m (ʕadas))
* lentil

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَدَسَة (ʕadasa)

#### Noun

عدسة • (ʕadase) f (plural عدسات (ʕadasāt))
* lens
* contact lens
    عدسة لاصقة ― ʕadase lāṣiqa ― contact lens (literally, “sticking lens”)
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
# تحمل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Compare حَمَلَ (ḥamala, “to carry”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.ħam.ma.la/

#### Verb

تَحَمَّلَ • (taḥammala) V (non-past يَتَحَمَّلُ (yataḥammalu), verbal noun تَحَمُّل (taḥammul))
* to take up (a burden)
* to tolerate, bear, support, suffer
* to make debts
* to break up a camp and depart

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Verbal noun of تَحَمَّلَ (taḥammala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.ħam.mul/

#### Noun

تَحَمُّل • (taḥammul) m
* verbal noun of تَحَمَّلَ (taḥammala) (form V)
* forbearance, endurance, stamina

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: təhəmmül
* → Ottoman Turkish: تحمل (tahammül)
** → Turkish: tahammül
* → Persian: تحمل
* → Uyghur: تاھاممۇل (tahammul)
* → Uzbek: tahammul

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تحمل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَحَمُّل (taḥammul).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ta.ham.ˈmul]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɦäm.mʊ́l]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɦäm.mʊ́l]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰɑːäm.mʊ́l]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰɔːäm.múl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæ.ɦæm.mól̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɦäm.múl]

### Noun

تحمل • (tahammol)
* tolerance; endurance
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 255”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:از من اکنون طمع صبر و دل و هوش مدار کان تحمل که تو دیدی همه بر باد آمدaz man aknūn tama'-i sabr u dil u hōš ma-dār k-ān tahammul ki tu dīdī hama bar bād āmadFrom now on, do not seek patience and heart and intellect from me, For the endurance which you saw has gone with the wind.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Derived terms

* تحمل داشتن (tahammol dâštan)
* تحمل کردن (tahammol kardan)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic تَحَمَّلَ (taḥammala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tħam.mal/, [ɪtˈħam.mal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

تحمّل • (tḥammal) V (present بتحمّل (bitḥammal))
* to sustain, to endure
    لازم يتحمّل النتائج ― lāzem ythammel an-natīj ― He must bear the consequences
    مش ممكن أتحمّل أكتر من هيكmish mumkin tḥammal aktar min hēkI can't stand any more of this.
# سلة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Etymology 1, 2: IPA: /sal.la/, Audio:(file)
* Etymology 3: IPA: /sil.la/, IPA: /sul.la/

### Etymology 1

Instance noun of سَلّ (sall, “drawing out”).

#### Noun

سَلَّة • (salla) f (plural سَلَّات (sallāt))
* instance noun of سَلّ (sall, “drawing out”).

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic סַלְּתָא (salləṯā, “basket”).

#### Alternative forms

* سَلّ (sall)

#### Noun

سَلَّة • (salla) f (plural سِلَال (silāl) or سَلَّات (sallāt))
* basket

##### Derived terms

* كُرَة اَلسَّلَّة (kurat as-salla, “basketball”)

##### Descendants

* Kurdish:
    → Central Kurdish: سەلە (sele, “wicker tray”)
* → Middle Armenian: սալայ (salay)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܣܠܬܐ (seltā, “moss, lichen, seawead; a contemptible plant”); compare Hebrew סִלֹּון (sillōn, “briar”).

#### Noun

سِلَّة or سُلَّة • (silla or sulla) f
* sweetvetch (Hedysarum spp.)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: silla, sulla (uncommon)
* → Catalan: sulla
* → English: sulla, soola, soola clover
* → Kabyle: tasulla
* → Spanish: sulla, zulla
** → Italian: sulla
** → Sicilian: suḍḍa

### References

* Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 259
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 75–76
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “سلة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 336
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “سلة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1396
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سلة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَلَّة (salla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal.le/, [ˈsal.le]
* IPA: /sal.la/, [ˈsal.la]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

سلّة • (salle) f (plural سلال (slāl) or سلّات (sallāt))
* basket, bin
    سلّة زبالة ― sallet zbāle ― trash can, rubbish bin
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)
# أثنى
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaθ.naː/

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

أَثْنَى • (ʔaṯnā) IV (non-past يُثْنِي (yuṯnī), verbal noun إِثْنَاء (ʔiṯnāʔ))
* to praise or blame [with عَلَى (ʕalā)]
    لَا يُوجَدُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ ٱلْعُلَمَاءِ ٱلْمُعَاصِرِينَ قَرَأَ هٰذَا ٱلْكِتَابَ إِلَّا وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَأَوْصَى بِقِرَاءَتِهِlā yūjadu ʔaḥadun mina l-ʕulamāʔi l-muʕāṣirīna qaraʔa hāḏā l-kitāba ʔillā waʔaṯnā ʕalayhi waʔawṣā biqirāʔatihiThere is no contemporary scholar who would upon reading this book not praise it and recommend it.
* to lose the front teeth

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أثنى”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 2

Denominative from ثَنِيَّة (ṯaniyya, “middle incisor, front tooth”), ultimately from ثَانٍ (ṯānin, “second”).

#### Verb

أَثْنَى • (ʔaṯnā) IV (non-past يُثْنِي (yuṯnī), verbal noun إِثْنَاء (ʔiṯnāʔ))
* to lose the front teeth

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “أثنى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 357

### Etymology 3.1
#### Verb

أُثْنَى • (ʔuṯnā) (form I) /ʔuθ.naː/
* first-person singular non-past passive indicative/subjunctive of ثَنَى (ṯanā)

### Etymology 3.2
#### Verb

أُثَنَّى • (ʔuṯannā) (form II) /ʔu.θan.naː/
* first-person singular non-past passive indicative/subjunctive of ثَنَّى (ṯannā)
# متأكد
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of تَأَكَّدَ (taʔakkada, “to be certain”), from the root ء ك د (ʔ k d); compare أَكِيد (ʔakīd, “certain”).

### Adjective

مُتَأَكِّد • (mutaʔakkid) (feminine مُتَأَكِّدَة (mutaʔakkida), masculine plural مُتَأَكِّدُونَ (mutaʔakkidūna), feminine plural مُتَأَكِّدَات (mutaʔakkidāt))
* certain, sure

#### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مُتَأَكِّد (mutaʔakkid).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mit.ʔak.kad/

### Adjective

متأكد • (mitʔakkad) (feminine متأكدة (mitʔakkda), masculine plural متأكدين (mitʔakkdīn), feminine plural متأكات (mitʔakkdāt))
* sure, certain, convinced
    آنا متأكد باللي الباب مفتوح. ― ʔāna mitʔakkad billi l-bāb maftūḥ. ― I am sure that the door is open.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مُتَأَكِّد (mutaʔakkid). Equivalent to the active participle of تأكّد (tʔakkad, “to confirm; to make sure”) .

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mit.ʔak.kid/, [mɪtˈʔak.kɪd]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

متأكّد • (mitʔakked) (feminine متأكدة (mitʔakkde), masculine plural متأكدين (mitʔakkdīn))
* sure, certain, convinced
    Synonym: أكيد (ʔakīd)
    متأكّد إنّه ميّة بالميّة هاد اللي بدّك ايّاه؟mitʔakked ʔinno miyye bil-miyye hād illi biddak iyyāAre you 100% sure that this is what you want?
# خضرة
## Algerian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خُضْرَة (ḵuḍra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xudˤ.ra/

### Noun

خضرة (ḵuḍra) f
* (uncountable) vegetables

## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare أَخْضَر (ʔaḵḍar, “green”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xudˤ.ra/

### Noun

خُضْرَة • (ḵuḍra) f (plural خُضَر (ḵuḍar))
* green, greenness, green color, verdure
* green plant, vegetable, herb
* dark gray, blackish color
* softness, tenderness

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “خضرة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “خضرة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خُضْرَة (ḵuḍra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xudˤ.ra/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

خضرة • (ḵuḍra) f
* (uncountable) vegetables

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic خُضْرَة (ḵuḍra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xudˤ.ra/, [ˈxʊdˤ.rɑ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Noun

خضرة • (ḵuḍra) f (plural خضار (ḵuḍār) or خضراوات (ḵuḍrāwāt))
* (uncountable) vegetables
    حبة خضرة ― ḥabbet ḵuḍra ― a vegetable

#### Usage notes

* This is a collective noun with no singular form. Use of the plural forms is considered formal.

#### Derived terms

* خضرجي (ḵuḍarji, “greengrocer”)
# ضروس
## Arabic
### Adjective

ضَرُوس • (ḍarūs) (feminine ضَرُوس (ḍarūs), common plural ضُرُس (ḍurus))
* molar, grinder
    حَرْبٌ ضَرُوسٌ ― ḥarbun ḍarūsun ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    نَاقَةٌ ضَرُوسٌ ― nāqatun ḍarūsun ― biting she-camel, she-camel with molar teeth

#### Declension
### Noun

ضُرُوس • (ḍurūs) m pl
* plural of ضِرْس (ḍirs)
# متعهد
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of تَعَهَّدَ (taʕahhada, “to maintain, to commit oneself”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.ta.ʕah.hid/

### Noun

مُتَعَهِّد • (mutaʕahhid) m (plural مُتَعَهِّدُون (mutaʕahhidūn))
* contractor
* entrepreneur
* concessionaire

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: mütəəhhid
* → Ottoman Turkish: متعهد (müteahhit)
** Turkish: müteahhit
* → Persian: متعهد

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عهد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَعَهِّد (mutaʕahhid).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.ta.ʔah.hið]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hɪd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hɪd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.t̪ʰɑːɑːɪd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.t̪ʰɔːɔːid̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.t̪ʰæ.ʔæɦ.hed̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hid̪]

### Adjective

متعهد • (mota'ahhed)
* obliged; committed; with the responsibility to
    ما به امنیت اسرائیل متعهد هستیم و از حق آن برای دفاع از خود حمایت می‌کنیم.mâ be amniyyat-e esrâ'il mota'ahhed hastim va az haqq-e ân barây-e defâ' az xod hemâyat mikonim.We are committed to Israel's security and support its right to self-defense.
* responsible; committed
    مرد متعهدی نیست. ― mard-e mota'ahhedi nist. ― He is not a responsible man.
# فيما
## Arabic
### Etymology

Composed of فِي (fī, “in”) +‎ ـمَا (-mā, “what”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiː.maː/

### Conjunction

فِيمَا • (fīmā)
* while
* in that, as
* in what (relative, not interrogative)
    فِيمَا مَضَى ― fīmā maḍā ― in what has passed, in the past

#### Derived terms

* فِيمَا بَعْد (fīmā baʕd, “in what follows, later”)

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “في”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# أوفر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Elative of وَفِير (wafīr, “abundant”) and وَافِر (wāfir, “abundant, profuse”) and وَفْر (wafr, “abundant, general”). Unusually, declined as if a color or defect adjective (according to Steingass and Almaany; see below). Also compare وَفَّرَ (waffara, “to save, to economize”).

#### Adjective

أَوْفَر • (ʔawfar) (feminine وَفْرَاء (wafrāʔ), common plural وُفْر (wufr))
* elative degree of وَفِير (wafīr), elative degree of وَافِر (wāfir), elative degree of وَفْر (wafr):
** more abundant; most abundant
** (transitive) more or most abounding in (something)
** (transitive) more or most amply supplied with (something)
* thriftier; thriftiest

##### References

* “أوفر” in Almaany
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أوفر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “وفر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

أوفر (form I)
* أَوْفُرُ (ʔawfuru) /ʔaw.fu.ru/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of وَفُرَ (wafura)
* أَوْفُرَ (ʔawfura) /ʔaw.fu.ra/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of وَفُرَ (wafura)
* أَوْفُرْ (ʔawfur) /ʔaw.fur/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of وَفُرَ (wafura)
* أُوفَرُ (ʔūfaru) /ʔuː.fa.ru/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of وَفَرَ (wafara)
* أُوفَرَ (ʔūfara) /ʔuː.fa.ra/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of وَفَرَ (wafara)
* أُوفَرْ (ʔūfar) /ʔuː.far/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of وَفَرَ (wafara)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

أوفر (form II)
* أُوَفِّرُ (ʔuwaffiru) /ʔu.waf.fi.ru/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of وَفَّرَ (waffara)
* أُوَفَّرُ (ʔuwaffaru) /ʔu.waf.fa.ru/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of وَفَّرَ (waffara)
* أُوَفِّرَ (ʔuwaffira) /ʔu.waf.fi.ra/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of وَفَّرَ (waffara)
* أُوَفَّرَ (ʔuwaffara) /ʔu.waf.fa.ra/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of وَفَّرَ (waffara)
* أُوَفِّرْ (ʔuwaffir) /ʔu.waf.fir/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of وَفَّرَ (waffara)
* أُوَفَّرْ (ʔuwaffar) /ʔu.waf.far/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of وَفَّرَ (waffara)

## Gulf Arabic
### Alternative forms

* أوڤر

### Etymology

Borrowed from English over.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oː.var/

### Adjective

أوفر • (ōvar)
* (doing) too much, more than necessary
    جد أوڤر تصرفاتك ― Your behaviour is actually too much
    مو أوڤر چذي اللبسة؟ ― Isn't that outfit too much?
# كلف
## Arabic
### Verb

كَلِفَ • (kalifa) I (non-past يَكْلَفُ (yaklafu), verbal noun كَلَف (kalaf))
* to spend zeal, pains and costs, to be eager (on a thing)
* to be or fall in love, to like (بِ (bi) something), to be very attached (بِ (bi) to)
* to get melasmata, to get irregular brown-reddish spots (of the face)

#### Conjugation
### Verb

كَلَّفَ • (kallafa) II (non-past يُكَلِّفُ (yukallifu), verbal noun تَكْلِيف (taklīf) or تَكْلِفَة (taklifa))
* to entrust ([transitive] someone [transitive or بِ (bi)] with something), to impose (a matter on someone)
* (ditransitive) to assign (someone a task)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:286:لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللّٰهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَاlā yukallifu llāhu nafsan ʔillā wusʕahāAllah burdens not a person beyond his scope.
* to molest, to make difficulties for, to trouble
* (ditransitive) to cost (someone something)
    هٰذَا سَيُكَلِّفُكَ كَثِيرًاhāḏā sayukallifuka kaṯīranIt will cost you a lot.

#### Conjugation
### Noun

كَلَف • (kalaf) m (plural أَكْلَاف (ʔaklāf))
* verbal noun of كَلِفَ (kalifa) (form I)
* pains and care taken
* amorousness
* melasmata, pathologically melanized skin portions
** a. 1283, Abū Yahyā Zakariyāʾ ibn Muhammad al-Qazwīnīy, edited by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات [ʿajāʾib al-maḵlūqāt wa-ḡarāʾib al-mawjūdāt]‎, Göttingen: Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, published 1849, page 249:بان شجرة معروفة لها ثمرة حبّها أكبر من الحمص مائل إلى البياض طيب الرائحة وله لبّ دهني قال الشيخ الرئيس إنه ينفع من البرص والكلف والبهق وآثار القروح وينفع من الثآليل أيضا في المراهم وطبخه ينفع من وجع الأسنان مضمضة وقال غيره ينفع من الجرب ويقطع الرعاف.The ben is a well-known tree with a fruit the grains of which are larger than chickpeas with a tendency towards white and a nice smell and an oily pulp about which Šayḵ ar-Raʾīs says that it helps against leprosy and melasmata and vitiligo and traces of ulcers and it helps against warts, too, and the salves and decocts applied by bandage are useful against toothache, and another author said it relives scabies and staunches nosebleed.
* spots on the sun or moon etc.

#### Declension
### Adjective

كَلِف • (kalif)
* amorously attracted

#### Declension
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَلَّفَ (kallafa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal.laf/, [ˈkal.laf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

كلّف • (kallaf) II (present بكلّف (bikallef))
* to cost
* to commission, to entrust (someone) with a task
# عدة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

عُدَّة • (ʕudda) f (plural عُدَد (ʕudad))
* appliance, fixture, technical provision
** 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri]‎, volume IV, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1858, page 351, lines 4–7:وممّا شاع من أفعال مولانا أيده الله في الجهاد إنشاؤه الأجفان بجميع السواحل واستكثاره من عُدَد البحر وهذا في زمان الصلح والمُهادنة إعْدادًا لأيّام القِرة وأخذًا بالحزم في قطع أَطْماع الكفّار.One of the most notable deeds of our master (God assist him!) of struggle is his engineering of enceintes on all shores, and his manifold provisions in naval matters, in time of peace and armistice to prepare for days of war, to shortcircuit the cravings of the infidels resolutely.
* raw material, ground-stuff, commodity
** a. 1135, Ibn ʿAbdūn, “Un document sur la vie urbaine et les corps de métiers à Séville au début du XII$^e$ siècle: Le traité d’Ibn ʿAbdūn publié avec une introduction et un glossaire”, in Évariste Lévi-Provençal, editor, Journal asiatique‎, number 2, published 1934, page 225 (٣٣) 15:

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għodda

#### Noun

* Audio:(file)
عِدَّة • (ʕidda) f
* number
** (Can we date this quote?), Sibawayh, Al-Kitab:هذا باب تثنية ما كان منقوصاً وكان عدة حروفه أربعة أحرف فزائدًا(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* a waiting period upon a woman after her marriage has ended

##### Descendants

* → English: iddah
* → Russian: и́дда (ídda)
* → Swahili: eda
* → Ottoman Turkish: عدت (iddet)
** Turkish: iddet
* → Uyghur: ئىددەت (iddet)
* → Uzbek: idda

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

عِدَة • (ʕida) f
* verbal noun of وَعَدَ (waʕada) (form I)

##### Declension
## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عُدَّة (ʕudda) and عِدَّة (ʕidda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕid.de/, [ˈʕɪd.de]
* IPA: /ʕid.da/, [ˈʕɪd.da]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

عدّة • (ʕidde) f
* tools, instruments
    بستعمل العدّة هادي في الشغل.bastaʕmel il-ʕidde hādi fi š-šuḡlI use these tools for work.
* several, a number of
    فيه عدّة أسباب. ― fī ʕiddet ʔasbāb ― There are a number of reasons.
* a waiting period upon a woman after her marriage has ended
# عنف
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* Noun: IPA: /ʕunf/

### Noun

عُنْف • (ʕunf) m
* violence, force
    Antonyms: رِفْق (rifq), لُطْف (luṭf)
** Bashshar ibn Burd
    نَفِسَتْهُمْ عَلَيَّ أُمُّ ٱلْمَنَايَا ** فَأَنَامَتْهُمْ بِعُنفٍ فَنَامُوا(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* violence (“action which causes destruction, pain, or suffering”)
    عُنْفٌ أُسْرِيٌّ ― ʕunfun ʔusriyyun ― domestic violence
* harshness, severity
    Antonyms: رِفْق (rifq), لِين (līn), لُطْف (luṭf)

#### Declension
### Adjective

عُنُف • (ʕunuf) m pl
* masculine plural of عَنِيف (ʕanīf)