OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# unpresidential
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ presidential.

### Adjective

unpresidential (comparative more unpresidential, superlative most unpresidential)
* Inappropriate for a president.
# فرشته
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* فریشته (ferište) (archaic)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian plystk' (frēstag, “apostle; angel”) [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (plystky, “messenger”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian frystg, prystg (frēstag), hrystg (hrēstag, “apostle; angle”), Manichaean Parthian fryštg (frēštag, “apostle; angel”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬀- (fraēšta-, “messenger”), Middle Iranian borrowings Old Armenian հրեշտակ (hreštak), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic פרסתקא (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”), and Classical Syriac ܦܪܣܬܩܐ (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fa.ɾiʃ.ˈta]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fä.ɾiʃ.t̪ʰǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fe.ɹeʃ.t̪ʰé]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾiʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

### Noun

فرشته • (ferešte) (plural فرشته‌ها (ferešte-hâ) or فرشتگان (fereštegân))
* angel (divine and supernatural messenger from a deity)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 713:چون فرشته بود همچون دیو شد کان ملاحت اندر او عاریه بدčūn farišta būd hamčūn dēw šud k-ān malāhat andar ō 'āriya budShe was like an angel, she became like a demon, for that loveliness in her was a borrowed (transient) thing.

#### Derived terms

* فرشته‌ای (ferešte-i)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: ফেরেশতা (feresta)
* → Ottoman Turkish: فرشته (firişte, ferişte, ferişta)
    > Turkish: ferişte, feriştah (inherited)
* → Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ (fariśtā)
* → Urdu: فَرِشْتَہ (fariśta)
* → Uyghur: پەرىشتە (perishte)
* → Uzbek: farishta

### Proper noun

فرشته • (ferešte)
* a female given name, Fereshteh, Fereshte, Farishtah, or Farishta, from Middle Persian

### References

* “prstq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “frēstag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
# gunman
## English
### Etymology

From gun +‎ -man.

### Noun

gunman (plural gunmen)
* A criminal armed with a gun, especially a professional killer.
** 1921, Zane Grey, chapter 5, in To The Last Man:"I've known a heap of gun fighters in my day. An' Jean Isbel don't ran true to class. Shore there never was a gunman who'd risk cripplin' his right hand by sluggin' anybody."
* (sometimes derogatory) An American.

#### Derived terms

* lone gunman

#### See also

* gunwoman
# Придніпровська височина
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Literally, “the Cisdnipro Upland”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [predʲnʲiˈprɔu̯sʲkɐ ʋesɔt͡ʃeˈna]

### Proper noun

Придніпро́вська височина́ • (Prydnipróvsʹka vysočyná) f inan (genitive Придніпро́вської височини́, uncountable)
* Dnieper Upland, topographical relief feature in the southwestern part of Eastern European Plain along Dnipro right bank.
# meertje
## Dutch
### Etymology

From meer (“lake”) +‎ -tje (“-kin, -let: forming diminutives”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

meertje n (plural meertjes)
* diminutive of meer
# Ἀριαπείθης
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Scythian *Aryapaiθa (literally “adornment of the Iranians”), composed *Arya (“Aryan, Iranian”) + *paiθa (“adornment, decoration”), from an older *paisah (cf. Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬀 (paēsa)). Alternatively, the second element could be *paiθa, from Common Iranian *paiśa (“outlook”).
Compare with Σπαργαπείθης (Spargapeíthēs), from Scythian *Spargapaiθa, and with Σπαργαπίσης (Spargapísēs), from Scythian *Spargapisa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ri.a.pěː.tʰɛːs/ → /a.ri.aˈpi.θis/ → /a.ri.aˈpi.θis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.ri.a.pěː.tʰɛːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.ri.aˈpi.tʰe̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.ri.aˈpi.θis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.ri.aˈpi.θis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.ri.aˈpi.θis/

### Proper noun

Ἀρῐᾰπείθης • (Arĭăpeíthēs) m (genitive Ἀρῐᾰπείθεος); third declension
* a male given name, Ariapeithes, from Scythian, a king of the Scythians

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*aryapaiθa-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 40
* ↑ Rüdiger Schmitt, "SCYTHIAN LANGUAGE", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, April 10, 2018
* ↑ Kullanda, Sergey Vsevolodovich, External relations of Scythian, p. 1.

### Further reading

* Ἀριαπείθης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Ἀριαπείθης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
# শর্মিষ্ঠা
## Bengali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्मिष्ठा (śarmiṣṭhā), feminine of शर्मिष्ठ (śarmiṣṭha, “happiest, safest”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śármiṣṭʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćármištʰas (“most secure”), from *ćármā (“sheltered”) +‎ *-ištʰas (superlative suffix), adjectivalized from Proto-Indo-European *ḱélmō (“covered”), with extensive semantic shift.

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʃoɾmiʃʈʰa/, [ˈʃoɾmiʂʈʰaˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ʃoɹmiʃtʰa/, [ˈʃoɹmiʃtʰaˑ], [ˈʃoɹmistʰaˑ]

### Proper noun

শর্মিষ্ঠা • (śormiśṭha)
* a female given name, Shormishtha, Shormistha, Sharmishtha, or Sharmistha, from Sanskrit
# χελώνα
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰe.lɔ̌ː.naː/ → /çeˈlo.na/ → /çeˈlo.na/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kʰe.lɔ̌ː.naː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kʰeˈlo.na/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /çeˈlo.na/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /çeˈlo.na/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /çeˈlo.na/

### Noun

χελώνᾱ • (khelṓnā)
* nominative/accusative/vocative dual of χελώνη (khelṓnē)

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek χελώνη (khelṓnē, “tortoise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /çeˈlo.na/

### Noun

χελώνα • (chelóna) f (plural χελώνες)
* turtle
* tortoise

#### Declension

the genitive form χελώνων may also be found

#### Synonyms

* (turtle): νεροχελώνα f (nerochelóna)

#### See also

* χελώνα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# snowball's chance in hell
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

a snowball's chance in hell
* (informal, hyperbolic, idiomatic) Almost no chance at all of an occurrence or success.
    That small boat has a snowball's chance in hell of surviving the hurricane.
** 2025 January 9, Justin Trudeau, quotee, “Trudeau: Trump threatened to annex Canada to distract from tariffs impact”, in The Guardian‎, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN:Trudeau, who this week said there was not “a snowball’s chance in hell” that Canada would become part of the US, reiterated to CNN that Ottawa would impose countermeasures if Trump made good on this threat.

#### Usage notes

* Often, the expression is used in the negative for even more emphasis (implying that the referent has even less chance of success than a snowball in hell because the heat would melt it near-immediately).
    That small boat doesn't have a snowball's chance in hell of surviving the hurricane.

#### Related terms

* snowball in hell

#### See also

* a cat in hell's chance
* a cold day in Hell
* a snowflake's chance in hell
* snowball's chance in heck
* Chinaman's chance
* Chinaman's chance in hell
* first of never
* when Hell freezes over
* when pigs fly
# invasión
## Asturian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin invāsio, invasionem.

### Noun

invasión f (plural invasiones)
* invasion

#### Related terms

* invadir

## Galician
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin invāsio, invasionem.

### Noun

invasión f (plural invasións)
* invasion

#### Related terms

* invadir

### Further reading

* “invasión”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin invasiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /imbaˈsjon/ [ĩm.baˈsjõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: in‧va‧sión

### Noun

invasión f (plural invasiones)
* invasion
* trespass

#### Related terms

* invadir

### Further reading

* “invasión”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# samariternas
## Swedish
### Noun

samariternas
* definite genitive plural of samarit
# Biebrza
## Dutch
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Polish Biebrza.

### Proper noun

Biebrza f
* Biebrza (a river in northern Poland)

### Further reading

* Biebrza on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbjɛ.bʐa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛbʐa
* Syllabification: Bie‧brza

### Proper noun

Biebrza f (related adjective biebrzański)
* Biebrza (a river in northern Poland)
* Biebrza (a village in the Gmina of Rajgród, Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Biebrza in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Σατράκης
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Scythian via Old Persian *Xšaθrakah, from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram (literally “reign, kingdom”) + *-kah (suffix), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám + *-kas), whence also Ossetian Ӕхсӕртӕггaтӕ (Æxsærtæggatæ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈtra.cis/ → /saˈtra.cis/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /saˈtra.ke̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /saˈtra.cis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /saˈtra.cis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /saˈtra.cis/

### Proper noun

Σατράκης • (Satrákēs) m (genitive Σατράκου); first declension
* a male given name, Satraces, from Scythian, the name of a Saka king who fought Alexander the Great

#### Inflection
### References

* ↑ Kullanda, S. V. (2016) Скифы: язык и этногенез [The Scythians: Language and Ethnogenesis] (in Russian), Moscow: Dmitry Pozharsky University, →ISBN, page 86.
* ↑ Kullanda, Sergei (2014) “External relations of Scythian”, in Journal of Language Relationship: International Scientific Periodical, numbers No. 11: Proceedings of the International Conference “Comparative-Historical Linguistics of the 21st Century: Issues and Perspectives” in memory of Sergei A. Starostin, →ISSN, pages 81–90
* ↑ Bukharin, Mikhail (2013) “К дискуссии о языке скифов: переход др.ир. *xš- > *s- и его отражение в древнегреческом [Towards the Discusion on the Language of the Scythians: The Transition of OIr *xš- > *s- and its Reflection in the Ancient Greek]”, in Проблемы Истории, Филологии, Культуры [Problems of History, Philology, Culture]‎ (in Russian), volume 40, number 2, retrieved 30 April 2023, pages 263–285
* ↑ Tokhtasyev, Sergey (2005) “Sauromatae - Syrmatae - Sarmatae”, in Херсонесский сборник‎ (in Russian), volume 14, pages 291-306
* ↑ Ivantchik, Askold I. (2005) Накануне колонизации. Северное Причерноморье и степные кочевники VIII – VII вв. до н.э. в античной литературной традиции: фольклор, литература и история [On the eve of Colonisation. The Northern Black Sea Region and the Steppe Nomads of the 8th - 7th centuries BC in the Ancient Literary Tradition: Folklore, Literature and History]‎ (in Russian), Berlin, Germany, Moscow, Russia: Eurasien-Abteilung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (Germany); Центр сравнительного изучения древних цивилизаций Института всеобщей истории РАН (Russia); Paleograph Press, →ISBN, page 183

### Further reading

* Σατράκης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# Аврангзеб
## Tajik
### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian اَورَنْگ‌زیب (awrang-zēb, literally “Ornament of the Throne”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /avranɡˈzeb/, [ʔäw.ɾäŋɡ.zéb]

### Proper noun

Аврангзеб • (Avrangzeb)
* a male given name, Avrangzeb

## Uzbek
### Proper noun

Аврангзеб (Avrangzeb)
* Cyrillic spelling of Avrangzeb
# gooroong-ki
## Woiwurrung
### Verb

gooroong-ki
* immerse (cover with water)

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
# जीना
## Hindi
### Etymology

From Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇 (jīvaï), from Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati). Cognate with French vivre and Russian жить (žitʹ).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d͡ʒiː.nɑː/, [d͡ʒiː.näː]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

जीना • (jīnā) (Urdu spelling جینا)
* to live

### Proper noun

जीना • (jīnā) f
* a female given name, Jeena

#### Conjugation

$^1$The participle जिये (jiye) can also be spelled without the y: जिए (jie).
$^1$The participle जिये (jiye) can also be spelled without the y: जिए (jie). $^2$The forms जिये (jiye) and जियें (jiyẽ) can also be spelled without the y: जिए (jie) and जिएँ (jiẽ). $^3$The forms जििये (jiiye) and जिियेगा (jiiyegā) can also be spelled without the y: जििए (jiie) and जििएगा (jiiegā). $^4$The forms जियेगा (jiyegā), जियेंगे (jiyeṅge), जियेगी (jiyegī) and जियेंगी (jiyeṅgī) can also be spelled without the y: जिएगा (jiegā), जिएँगे (jieṅge), जिएगी (jiegī) and जिएँगी (jieṅgī).

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “जीना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “जीना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* Platts, John T. (1884) “जीना”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “जीना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# Ἀλκμαίων
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* Ἀλκμᾶν (Alkmân), Ἀλκμᾱ́ων (Alkmā́ōn)
* Ἀλκμέων (Alkméōn)

### Etymology

From ἀλκμαῖος (alkmaîos, “young”) +‎ -ων (-ōn, Strabon suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /alk.mǎi̯.ɔːn/ → /alkˈmɛ.on/ → /alkˈme.on/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /alk.mǎi̯.ɔːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /alkˈmɛ.on/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /alkˈmɛ.on/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /alkˈme.on/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /alkˈme.on/

### Proper noun

Ᾰ̓λκμαίων • (Ălkmaíōn) m (genitive Ᾰ̓λκμαίωνος); third declension
* a male given name, Alcmaeon

#### Derived terms

* Ᾰ̓λκμαιωνῐ́δης (Ălkmaiōnĭ́dēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: Αλκμαίων (Alkmaíon)
* Latin: Alcmaeōn

### References

* “Ἀλκμαίων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* Ἀλκμαίων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,000
# pisukan
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /pisuˈkan/ [pɪ.sʊˈxan̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: pi‧su‧kan

### Noun

pisukán (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜐᜓᜃᜈ᜔) (dialectal, Quezon)
* Alternative form of pusukan

### Further reading

* Manuel, E. Arsenio (1971) A Lexicographic Study of Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon Province, Quezon City: Diliman Review, page 290
# saknong
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sakˈnoŋ/ [sɐkˈn̪oŋ]
* Rhymes: -oŋ
* Syllabification: sak‧nong

### Noun

saknóng (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ᜔ᜈᜓᜅ᜔)
* stanza
    Synonyms: talataan, taludturan, estropa, istansa
* section of a rice field assigned to one for his own work of harvesting
* helping in another's work
    Synonyms: tulong, pagtulong, saklong, pagsaklong
* one who helps another in his work
    Synonyms: tulong, katulong

#### Derived terms

* pasaknong
* saknungan
# Chorlton-on-Medlock
## English
### Alternative forms

* Chorlton, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, C-on-M

### Etymology

A variant of Chorlton-upon-Medlock, distinguishing this location from other places named Chorlton, particularly nearby Chorlton-cum-Hardy, from earlier Chorlton Row.

### Proper noun

Chorlton-on-Medlock
* An inner city area of Manchester, England; a former separate town and parish.
# 𐨨𐨆𐨀
## Gandhari
### Alternative forms

* 𐨨𐨆𐨒 (moga)

### Etymology

From Scythian *mava (“hero, tiger”) (cf. Khotanese mauya, muyi (“tiger”); Sogdian 𐼺𐼷𐼴 (myu), 𐫖𐫏𐫇 (myu, “tiger”)).
Cognate with Ancient Greek Μαύης (Maúēs).
Compare with 𐨨𐨅𐨬𐨐𐨁 (mevaki).

### Proper noun

𐨨𐨆𐨀 (moa)
* (Epigraphic Gandhari) a male given name, Maues, from Scythian, an Indo-Scythian king

### References

* ↑ Harmatta, Janos (1999) “Languages and scripts in Graeco-Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms”, in Harmatta, Janos, Puri, B. N., Etemadi, G. F., editors, History of civilizations of Central Asia‎, volume 2, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House, →ISBN, pages 398-406
* ↑ Gardner, Percy (1886) The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum‎, London: Gilbert & Rivington Ltd., →ISBN, pages 68-72
# সাকিব
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* শাকিব (śakib), ছাকিব (chakib /⁠sakib⁠/)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ثاقِب (ṯāqib, literally “piercer”), originally the active participle of ثَقَبَ (ṯaqaba, “to pierce”), with the meaning commonly held as "(piercingly) bright" after the Quranic phrase of اَلنَّجْمُ ٱلثَّاقِبُ (an-najmu ṯ-ṯāqibu, “[It is] the star which is piercing[ly] [bright]”).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /sakib/, [ˈsakib], /ʃakib/, [ˈʃakib]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /sakib/, [ˈsakib], /ʃakib/, [ˈʃakib]

### Proper noun

সাকিব • (sakib)
* a male given name, Sakib, Shakib, Saqib, or Saquib, from Arabic
# tam-marrneen
## Woiwurrung
### Adjective

tam-marrneen
* immovable

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
# cibulajda
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɪbulajda]

### Noun

cibulajda f
* (regional) onion sauce

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “cibulajda”, in Slovník nářečí českého jazyka (in Czech), 2016–
# کمال
## Persian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic كَمَال (kamāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ka.ˈmɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.mɑ́ːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.mɑ́ːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰä.mɑ́ːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰä.mɔ́ːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæ.mɒ́ːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰä.mɔ́l]

### Noun

کمال • (kamâl)
* perfection
* excellence

### Proper noun

کمال • (kamâl)
* a male given name, Kamal, from Arabic

#### Related terms

* کاملا (kâmelan)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کمال (kamāl), from Arabic verbal noun كَمَال (kamāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kə.mɑːl/
* Rhymes: -ɑːl

### Adjective

کمال • (kamāl) (Hindi spelling कमाल)
* complete
* entire
* perfect
* excessive
* extreme

### Noun

کمال • (kamāl) m (Hindi spelling कमाल)
* perfection
* excellence
* conclusion
* completion
* punctuality
# escarola
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian scarola, from Late Latin ēscāriola.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.kəˈɾɔ.lə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.kaˈɾɔ.la]

### Noun

escarola f (plural escaroles)
* escarole

#### Derived terms

* escarolat
* escaroler

#### See also

* xicoira

### Further reading

* “escarola” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “escarola” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Verb

escarola
* inflection of escarolar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* escariola

### Etymology

From Italian scarola, scariola, from Late Latin ēscāriola.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.kaˈɾɔ.lɐ/, /es.kaˈɾɔ.lɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.kaˈɾɔ.lɐ/, /es.kaˈɾɔ.lɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.kaˈɾɔ.lɐ/, /eʃ.kaˈɾɔ.lɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.kaˈɾɔ.la/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐˈɾɔ.lɐ/
* Hyphenation: es‧ca‧ro‧la

### Noun

escarola f (plural escarolas)
* endive (salad vegetable)
    Synonym: endívia

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* escariola

### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian scarola, scariola, from Late Latin ēscāriola.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eskaˈɾola/ [es.kaˈɾo.la]
* Rhymes: -ola
* Syllabification: es‧ca‧ro‧la

### Noun

escarola f (plural escarolas)
* endive
    Synonyms: endibia, endivia
** 1557, Leonhart Fuchs, translated by Juan de Jarava, Historia de yeruas, y plantas, Antwerp: Por los herederos de Arnaldo Byrcman, page 409:La escariola nasce y cresce en los huertos auiendola sembrado.The endive is born and grows in the gardens after one’s having it sown.
* any of various wild plants of the genus Lactuca

### Further reading

* “escarola”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# sagus
## Latin
### Etymology 1

Uncertain; possibly of Celtic origin and borrowed from Gaulish *sagos, *sagom (“wool coat”), (compare Breton and Welsh sae (“robe, cloak”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seg- (“to sow, weave”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsa.ɡus/, [ˈs̠äɡʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsa.ɡus/, [ˈsäːɡus]

#### Noun

sagus m (genitive sagī); second declension
* Archaic form of sagum.

##### Declension

Second-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* sagum

##### Descendants

* → Ancient Greek: σάγος (ságos)
** → Hebrew: סָגוֹס (sagos)
* → Italian: sago
* → Latvian: sãgė (“wool shawl”)
* → Lithuanian: sagis (“women's travel coat”)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gos, from *seh₂g- (whence sāgiō).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsaː.ɡus/, [ˈs̠äːɡʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsa.ɡus/, [ˈsäːɡus]

#### Adjective

sāgus (feminine sāga, neuter sāgum); first/second-declension adjective
* divining, prophetic

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

##### Descendants

* → Italian: sago

#### References

* “sagus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sagus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "sagus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* sagus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sagum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 534
* ↑ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages sagon–265
* ↑ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
* ↑ Klein, Ernest (1987) “סָגוֹס”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 434
* ↑ Bender, Harold H. (1921) “sagis”, in A Lithuanian Etymological Index, Princeton: Princeton University Press, page 215
# พากย์
## Thai
### Etymology

Derived from Pali vākya (“speech”). Doublet of วากยะ.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | พากย์ b ā k y ʻ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | พาก b ā k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | pâak |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | phak |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /pʰaːk̚˥˩/ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | พาก ภาค ภาคย์ |

### Noun

พากย์ • (pâak)
* (elegant) speech; utterance; expression; language

### Verb

พากย์ • (pâak) (abstract noun การพากย์)
* (transitive, of a film, theatrical performance, character therein, etc) to provide voices or voice-overs for: to voice, to dub, etc

#### Derived terms

* กัมพุชพากย์
* นักพากย์ (nák-pâak)
* บทพากย์
* ปฏิพากย์
* รำชั่วโทษพากย์ (ram-chûua-tôot-pâak)