# 礪

| 礪 | U+792A, &#31018; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-792A |
| ← 礩 [U+7929] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 礫 → [U+792B] |
| 礪 | U+F985, &#63877; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F985 |
| ← 濾 [U+F984] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 閭 → [U+F986] |

## Translingual
### Han character

礪 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿月 (MRMTB), four-corner 1162$_7$, composition ⿰石厲)
* whetstone
* sharpen

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24571
* Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 5
* Unihan data for U+792A
* Unihan data for U+F985

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 礪
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 糲 | *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd |
| 犡 | *m·raːds, *m·rads |
| 噧 | *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd |
| 邁 | *mraːds |
| 勱 | *mraːds |
| 蠆 | *m̥ʰraːds |
| 厲 | *m·rads |
| 勵 | *m·rads |
| 礪 | *m·rads |
| 蠣 | *m·rads |
| 蠇 | *m·rads |
| 癘 | *m·rads |
| 濿 | *m·rads |
| 櫔 | *m·rads |
| 巁 | *m·rads |
| 贎 | *m·rads, *mlans |
| 萬 | *mlans |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lē
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$
*** Yale: laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
*** Tâi-lô: lē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: le
*** IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /le³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le³³/
* Middle Chinese: ljejH
Rime :
| Character | 礪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力制切 |
| Baxter | ljejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 礪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]at-s/ |
| English | grindstone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 礪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12623 |
| Phonetic component | 萬 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 例 |
| Old Chinese | /*m·rads/ |

#### Definitions

礪
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) whetstone
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Jīn jiù lì zé lì. [Pinyin]
    [M]etal that has been put to the whetstone will be sharp. (translation by John Knoblock)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to whet; to sharpen
    磨礪／磨砺 ― mólì ― to steel oneself; to harden oneself; to discipline oneself

#### Compounds

* 帶礪 / 带砺
* 帶礪山河 / 带砺山河
* 帶礪河山 / 带砺河山
* 河山帶礪 / 河山带砺
* 法礪 / 法砺
* 淬礪 / 淬砺 (cuìlì)
* 砥兵礪伍 / 砥兵砺伍
* 砥志礪行 / 砥志砺行
* 砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
* 砥節礪行 / 砥节砺行
* 磨礪 / 磨砺 (mólì)
* 磨礪以須 / 磨砺以须
* 礪兵秣馬 / 砺兵秣马
* 礪吻磨距 / 砺吻磨距
* 礪山帶河 / 砺山带河
* 礪帶山河 / 砺带山河
* 礪戈秣馬 / 砺戈秣马
* 礪石 / 砺石

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lòe / lè
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lòe
*** Tâi-lô: luè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loex
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lue²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lè
*** Tâi-lô: lè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²¹/

#### Definitions

礪
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鑢 / 𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 砺 |
| Kyūjitai | 礪 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砺)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: れ (re)
* Kan-on: れい (rei)
* Kun: あらと (arato, 礪)、みがく (migaku, 礪く)
* Nanori: と (to)

## Korean
### Hanja

礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.