# 紬

| 紬 | U+7D2C, &#32044; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D2C |
| ← 紫 [U+7D2B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 紭 → [U+7D2D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

紬 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火中田 (VFLW), four-corner 2596$_0$, composition ⿰糹由)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 919, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27338
* Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7D2C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
| 抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
| 妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 紬 | *l'ɯw |
| 怞 | *l'ɯw |
| 鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
| 菗 | *rlɯw |
| 宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
| 由 | *lɯw |
| 蚰 | *lɯw |
| 秞 | *lɯw |
| 邮 | *lɯw |
| 釉 | *lɯwɢs |
| 柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
| 苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
| 舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯw): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōu (chou$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chou
*** Wade–Giles: chʻou$^1$
*** Yale: chōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chou
*** Palladius: чоу (čou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^1$
*** Yale: chāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu
*** Tâi-lô: thiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiu⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

紬
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to draw out; to lead to
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to collect; to compile

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chóu (chou$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chóu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻou$^2$
*** Yale: chóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chour
*** Palladius: чоу (čou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^4$
*** Yale: chàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: drjuw
Rime :
| Character | 紬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直由切 |
| Baxter | drjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15515 |
| Phonetic component | 由 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 儔 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯw/ |

#### Definitions

紬
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (alt. form 綢／绸) spun silk tabby; coarse silk.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$
*** Yale: jòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

紬
* (historical dictionaries only) Defined in Jiyun as 業.
* (historical dictionaries only) Alternative form of 𦂈 (zhòu)

### Compounds

* 紬次 / 绸次
* 紬繹 / 绸绎
* 綿紬 / 绵绸
* 縐紬 / 绉绸
* 遵紬 / 遵绸

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03349
* “紬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)
* Kun: つむぎ (tsumugi, 紬)、つむぐ (tsumugu, 紬ぐ)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 紬
* つむぎ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紡ぐ (tsumugu, “to spin”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つむぎ [tsùmúgí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨmɯ̟ɡʲi]

#### Noun

紬(つむぎ) • (tsumugi)
* a pongee (soft thin cloth woven from silk noil)
    Synonym: 紬織り (tsumugiori)

##### Derived terms

* 上(うえ)田(だ)紬(つむぎ) (Ueda-tsumugi)
* 置賜(おいたま)紬(つむぎ) (Oitama-tsumugi)
* 大(おお)島(しま)紬(つむぎ) (Ōshima-tsumugi)
* 玉(たま)紬(つむぎ) (tamatsumugi)
* 紬(つむぎ)織(お)り (tsumugiori)
* 紬(つむぎ)縞(じま) (tsumugijima)
* 手(て)紬(つむぎ) (tetsumugi)
* 南(なん)部(ぶ)紬(つむぎ) (Nanbu-tsumugi)
* 奉(ほう)書(しょ)紬(つむぎ) (hōsho tsumugi)
* 紡(ぼう)績(せき)紬(つむぎ) (bōseki tsumugi)

#### Proper noun

紬(つむぎ) • (Tsumugi)
* a surname
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 紬
* ちゅう Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
/tiu/ → /t͡sʲiu/ → /t͡ɕuː/
From Middle Chinese 紬 (MC drjuw).

#### Affix

紬(ちゅう) • (chū)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms

* 紬紡糸(ちゅうぼうし) (chūbōshi)
* 絹紬(けんちゅう), 繭紬(けんちゅう) (kenchū)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

紬 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

紬: Hán Nôm readings: trừu, dò
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.