# idem
## English
### Alternative forms

* id. (abbreviation)

### Etymology

From Middle English idem, borrowed from Latin idem (“the same”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪ.dɛm/, /ˈaɪ.dɛm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Pronoun

idem
* The same.

#### Usage notes

* Used almost exclusively in footnotes of academic or scholarly papers, especially those of the legal profession, to indicate that the source or author referred to in a footnote is the same as in the preceding footnote; usually abbreviated when so used.

#### Related terms

* ad idem
* consensus ad idem
* idemfaciend
* idemfacient
* idemfactor
* idempotence, idempotent
* idem sonans
* id., id
* ne bis in idem
* semper idem

#### Translations
### See also

* ditto

### Further reading

* idem on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Demi, Diem, Dime, IMed, demi, demi-, dime, meid

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

idem
* idem, ditto

### Anagrams

* meid

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin idem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.dɛm/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

idem
* idem, likewise
    Synonym: id.
    pour moi c’est idem ― it's all the same to me
** 1968, “Requiem pour un con”, Serge Gainsbourg (music), performed by Serge Gainsbourg:Pour moi c’est idem / Que ça te plaise ou non / J’te l’rejoue quand même / Pauvre conIt's all the same to me / Whether you like it or not / I'll play it for you again anyway / You stupid idiot

### Further reading

* “idem”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* demi, dîme

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch idem, from Latin idem (“the same”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪ.dəm/, /ˈɪ.dɛm/

### Pronoun

idem
* idem

#### Derived terms

* idem ditto

### Further reading

* “idem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

### Anagrams

* demi

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.dem/
* Rhymes: -idem
* Hyphenation: ì‧dem

### Adverb

idem
* ditto, and so, likewise, also

### Pronoun

idem
* ditto, the same

### References

* ↑ idem in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* dime, medi

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* eidem (frequently in manuscripts and inscriptions)
* isdem, eisdem (rarely)
* īde (Late Latin, proscribed)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *izdim; equivalent to is (“he”) + Proto-Italic *-im (emphatic marker) (whence Sabellic *-om, Oscan 𐌝𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (ísídum), 𐌄𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (esídum)), from Proto-Indo-European *im (whence also Old Latin im, em), accusative singular of *éy (so both parts are from the same source). The s was lost and the i lengthened by compensatory lengthening.
When is' ablative cases eōd, eād became eō, eā, idem's ablative true forms eōd-em, eād-em were interpreted as eō-dem, eā-dem. The neuter nominative singular id-em is natural. De verborum significatione gives emem as a form of the later eundem. The new marker -dem then served to create totidem, tantundem, ibīdem, etc. Compare tam-en with its later doublet: tan-dem (← *tam-dem).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈiː.dem/, [ˈiːd̪ɛ̃ˑ] or IPA: /ˈi.dem/, [ˈɪd̪ɛ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈi.dem/, [ˈiːd̪em]

### Pronoun

īdem (feminine eadem, neuter idem); demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion
* the same
** 29 bc. Virgil. Georgics, III
    amor omnibus īdem
       Love is the same for all
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.678-679:“[...] Eadem mē ad fāta vocāssēs: īdem ambās ferrō dolor, atque eadem hōra tulisset.”“You should have called me to the same fate: Both of us could have been taken by the sword – the same pain, and at the same hour.” (Anna speaks to her dying sister, Dido.)

#### Declension

Irregular declension. Similar to the declension of is, ea, id. Demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion.
$^1$The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, appears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S). $^2$The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.

#### Derived terms

* identidem
* identitās (see there for further derivatives)

#### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

### References

* ↑ “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166: “īdem”

### Further reading

* “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* idem in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to hold the same views: idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo) to agree with a person: consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo to have the same meaning: idem valere, significare, declarare synonyms: vocabula idem fere declarantia to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈi.dẽj̃/ [ˈi.dẽɪ̯̃]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈi.dɐ̃j̃/ [ˈi.ðɐ̃j̃]

### Pronoun

idem
* (demonstrative) idem, ditto (the aforesaid, the same)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin idem.

### Adverb

idem
* idem

## Serbo-Croatian
### Verb

idem (Cyrillic spelling идем)
* first-person singular present of ići

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiɟem]

### Verb

idem
* first-person singular present of ísť