# 苟

| 苟 | U+82DF, &#33503; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82DF |
| ← 苞 [U+82DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 苠 → [U+82E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

苟 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿心口 (TPR), four-corner 4462$_7$, composition ⿱艹句)

#### Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 茍, which contains ⻀ instead of 艹.

#### Derived characters

* 㺃 㻤 𠸚 𫽚 𣕉 𧛩 𨩦 𮏆 𥰄 𦴳
* 敬 (Exception: Only for Mainland China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam character. Taiwan and Hong Kong character contain 茍 instead.)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1023, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30790
* Dae Jaweon: page 1482, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3194, character 12
* Unihan data for U+82DF

## Chinese

* 苟姓

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 苟 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 勾 | *koː, *koːs |
| 鉤 | *koː |
| 鴝 | *koː, *ɡo |
| 句 | *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo |
| 夠 | *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː |
| 枸 | *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ |
| 軥 | *koː, *koːs, *ɡo |
| 狗 | *koːʔ |
| 苟 | *koːʔ |
| 岣 | *koːʔ, *ko |
| 笱 | *koːʔ |
| 玽 | *koːʔ |
| 耇 | *koːʔ |
| 豿 | *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ |
| 敂 | *koːʔ |
| 怐 | *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos |
| 雊 | *koːs |
| 竘 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ |
| 齁 | *qʰoː |
| 呴 | *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos |
| 蚼 | *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo |
| 豞 | *qʰoːs |
| 訽 | *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs |
| 佝 | *qʰoːs |
| 拘 | *ko |
| 駒 | *ko |
| 眗 | *ko |
| 跔 | *ko |
| 鮈 | *ko |
| 痀 | *ko |
| 蒟 | *koʔ, *kos |
| 絇 | *kos, *ɡo |
| 邭 | *kos |
| 劬 | *ɡo |
| 朐 | *ɡo |
| 鼩 | *ɡo |
| 斪 | *ɡo |
| 翑 | *ɡo |
| 葋 | *ɡo |
| 姁 | *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 欨 | *qʰo, *qʰoʔ |
| 喣 | *qʰoʔ |
| 煦 | *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 昫 | *qʰos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːʔ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo) – a kind of grass, in original sense.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gǒu (gou$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gou$^4$ / gou$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): geu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiéu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gêu$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): gě
* Eastern Min (BUC): gēu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kió / kó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒu
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^3$
*** Yale: gǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goou
*** Palladius: гоу (gou)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gou$^4$ / gou$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gou / gou
*** Sinological IPA : /kəu²¹³/, /kəu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^2$
*** Yale: gáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: geu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /keu⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /keu³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gě
*** Sinological IPA : /ke²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gēu
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió
*** Tâi-lô: kió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kor
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu
*** Sinological IPA : /kou⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: kuwX
Rime :
| Character | 苟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古厚切 |
| Baxter | kuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ku$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ(r)oʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 苟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁ(r)oʔ/ |
| English | if really |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 苟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7069 |
| Phonetic component | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 苟 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

苟
* careless; casual; indifferent
    一絲不苟／一丝不苟 ― yīsībùgǒu ― to not be the least bit negligent
* casually; carelessly
    苟同 ― gǒutóng ― to readily agree
* tentatively; for the time being
    From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表
    Gǒuquán xìngmìng yú luànshì, bù qiú wèndá yú zhūhóu. [Pinyin]
    For the time being, I did what I could to survive the chaotic times, and never wished to become eminent among the nobles.
* (literary) if only; if; as long as
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Gǒu néng chōng zhī, zúyǐ bǎo sìhǎi; gǒu bù chōng zhī, bù zúyǐ shì fùmǔ. [Pinyin]
    If the four principles can be developed, men will be capable of living and protecting all within the four seas; if the four principles are not developed, men will not be capable of serving their parents.
    From: 1842, Lin Zexu, 《赴戍登程口占示家人》
    Gǒu lì guójiā shēngsǐ yǐ, qǐ yīn huòfú bìqū zhī? [Pinyin]
    Were it to benefit my country I would lay down my life; What then is risk to me?
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a type of grass
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 若, 假, 如, 使, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 若, 如, 如果, 若果, 果若, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 設或, 設 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 要是, 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 要是, 要, 如果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 如果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 如果 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 要是 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 要是 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 要是, 假比 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 要是 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 要是, 要, 假使 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 要是, 倘此, 倘倘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間, 假如 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 假如 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 如果, 若果, 假使 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 若果 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 設若 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 如果 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 如果 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 要是, 若是 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 假使 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 係話, 若係, 如果 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 若果, 係講, 係話 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 假使 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 要是 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 來是, 如果 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 來是, 如果 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 儷是, 若還 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 若是, 若準 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 若是, 若, 假使 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 如果 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 若, 若是 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 但見, 欲 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 麼是, 設如, 設使 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 要, 如果 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 若是, 若 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 要是 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 要是, 要此 |

#### Compounds

* 一字不苟
* 一絲不苟 / 一丝不苟 (yīsībùgǒu)
* 不苟 (bùgǒu)
* 不苟且
* 不苟言笑 (bùgǒuyánxiào)
* 不苟言談 / 不苟言谈
* 偷合苟容
* 偷生苟活
* 因循苟且 (yīnxúngǒuqiě)
* 媮合苟容 / 偷合苟容
* 方正不苟
* 狗苟
* 狗苟蠅營 / 狗苟蝇营
* 畏難苟安 / 畏难苟安 (wèinángǒu'ān)
* 臨財不苟 / 临财不苟
* 臨財苟得 / 临财苟得
* 臨難苟免 / 临难苟免 (línnàngǒumiǎn)
* 苟且 (gǒuqiě)
* 苟且偷安
* 苟且偷生 (gǒuqiětōushēng)
* 苟且唐塞
* 苟且自度
* 苟免 (gǒumiǎn)
* 苟全 (gǒuquán)
* 苟同 (gǒutóng)
* 苟合 (gǒuhé)
* 苟合取容
* 苟存
* 苟安 (gǒu'ān)
* 苟安一隅
* 苟容
* 苟容曲從 / 苟容曲从
* 苟延殘喘 / 苟延残喘 (gǒuyáncánchuǎn)
* 苟延殘息 / 苟延残息
* 苟弟轉酷 / 苟弟转酷
* 苟得
* 苟政
* 苟活 (gǒuhuó)
* 苟為 / 苟为
* 苟然
* 苟營 / 苟营
* 苟生
* 苟留殘喘 / 苟留残喘
* 苟祿 / 苟禄
* 苟簡 / 苟简
* 苟言
* 苟非
* 蠅營狗苟 / 蝇营狗苟 (yíngyínggǒugǒu)
* 行不苟合 (xíngbùgǒuhé)
* 行不苟容

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 苟 – see 茍 (“to be circumspect or cautious in one's behaviour ”). (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 茍).

### References

* “苟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* any, at all, in the least

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: いやしくも (iyashikumo, 苟も)

#### Derived terms

* 苟安(こうあん) (kōan)
* 苟合(こうごう) (kōgō)
* 苟且(こうしょ) (kōsho)
* 苟且(かりそめ) (karisome)

## Korean
### Hanja

苟 (eumhun 진실로 구 (jinsillo gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“careless, frivolous”)
* hanja form of 구 (“illicit”)
* hanja form of 구 (“if, but, if only”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

苟: Hán Nôm readings: cẩu
1. (Tính) Cẩu thả, ẩu, bừa. ◎Như: "nhất bút bất cẩu" 一筆不苟 một nét không cẩu thả.
2. (Phó) Tạm, tạm bợ. ◎Như: "cẩu an đán tịch" 苟安旦夕 tạm yên sớm tối, "cẩu toàn tính mệnh" 苟全性命 tạm cầu cho còn tính mạng, "cẩu hợp" 苟合 lấy vợ lấy chồng không có đủ lễ chính đáng (không tính chuyện lâu dài).

## Zhuang
### Noun

苟
* Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)