# 敖

| 敖 | U+6556, &#25942; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6556 |
| ← 敕 [U+6555] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 敗 → [U+6557] |
| 敖 | U+FA90, &#64144; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA90 |
| ← 摒 [U+FA8F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 晴 → [U+FA91] |

## Translingual
### Han character

敖 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土尸人大 (GSOK) or 手尸人大 (QSOK), four-corner 4824$_0$, composition ⿰⿱士方攵)
* leisurely
* a surname

#### Derived characters

* 獓 𫍵 傲 厫 骜 𠞪 𠢕 𪧜 㜜 㟼 㠂 㾲 嗷 嗸 嫯 嶅 廒 慠 滶 獒 隞 𡏼 𢕟 𢳆 𪵧 㥿 摮 熬 璈 遨 𢧴 𣊁 𣘢 𤘒 𪉑 𫆰 磝 𥂢 𥨆 𬑞 聱 蔜 螯 𦪈 𧑃 謷 謸 贅 (赘) 鳌 𨄨 𨅚 𨎞 䦋 鏊 𨫼 䫨 𩕀 𩘮 𩪕 𫗺 𫘀 䮯 驁 𩮯 𩱏 䵅 鰲 鷔 𪍮 鼇 𪙠

#### Synonyms

* 奢

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13226
* Dae Jaweon: page 824, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1456, character 13
* Unihan data for U+6556
* Unihan data for U+FA90

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敖 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 熬 | *ŋaːw, *qaːw |
| 敖 | *ŋaːw |
| 嗷 | *ŋaːw |
| 螯 | *ŋaːw |
| 聱 | *ŋaːw, *ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw |
| 驁 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鰲 | *ŋaːw |
| 遨 | *ŋaːw |
| 獒 | *ŋaːw |
| 滶 | *ŋaːw |
| 蔜 | *ŋaːw |
| 鷔 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鼇 | *ŋaːw |
| 謷 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws, *ŋraːw |
| 嶅 | *ŋaːw |
| 嗸 | *ŋaːw |
| 摮 | *ŋaːw |
| 嫯 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 鏊 | *ŋaːw, *ŋaːws |
| 傲 | *ŋaːws |
| 磝 | *ŋraːw |
Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person 人 with a headress similar to 屮 and then 丰 and 出 (but unrelated to these character). Later, the person was stylized as a shape similar to 夭 (a young man walking vigorously); 攴 was added next to the pictogram perhaps to convey the concept of authority, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) and transforming it into 𢾍; the man under the headress then become stylized as 方 (or 万 in some fonts). See also 免, 冒, and 美.
As an alternative, according to 季旭昇 Ji Xusheng, it represents a man walking and travelling in the countryside, symbolized by a sprout 屮 on top. See also the original form of 每.
Shuowen Jiezi erroneously interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”) due to the later stylization.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): áo (ao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngàu
    (Hailu, HRS): ngau
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: áo
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: áo
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^2$
*** Yale: áu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
*** Palladius: ао (ao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngou$^4$
*** Yale: ngòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngàu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngau$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngau
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋau⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô / ngô͘
*** Tâi-lô: gô / ngôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gooi, ngoo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴/, /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡo²⁴/, /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/, /ŋɔ̃¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/, /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/, /ŋɔ̃²³/
* Middle Chinese: ngaw
Rime :
| Character | 敖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五勞切 |
| Baxter | ngaw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaw/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | áo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤaw/, /*ŋˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 敖 | 敖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | áo | áo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngaw › | ‹ ngaw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ˁaw/ | /*ŋˁaw/ |
| English | tall | saunter about |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 敖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 39 |
| Phonetic component | 敖 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敖 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːw/ |

#### Definitions

敖
* (literary) Original form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to play about”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to tease; to joke; to flirt with
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make an uproar
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) someone who has not assumed the throne, and thus has no posthumous name, due to dying early [Chu]
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) four-chi-high dog
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 廒 (áo, “granary”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 螯 (áo, “pincer; nipper; claw”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 熬 (“to cook on slow fire; to boil”)
* (historical) An ancient place in the northwest of today Xingyang, Henan.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 孫叔敖 / 孙叔敖
* 打敖
* 敖不可長 / 敖不可长
* 敖包 (áobāo)
* 敖得薩 / 敖得萨
* 敖敖
* 敖曹
* 敖東 / 敖东 (Áodōng)
* 敖江 (Áojiāng)
* 敖盪 / 敖荡
* 敖遊 / 敖游
* 桀敖不馴 / 桀敖不驯
* 笑敖
* 若敖鬼餒 / 若敖鬼馁
* 謔浪笑敖 / 谑浪笑敖
* 讙敖 / 欢敖

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ào (ao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gō / ngō͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ào
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ào
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^4$
*** Yale: àu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aw
*** Palladius: ао (ao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngou$^6$
*** Yale: ngouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou̯²²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō / ngō͘
*** Tâi-lô: gō / ngōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goi, ngo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²²/, /ŋɔ̃²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡo⁴¹/, /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo²²/, /ŋɔ̃²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡo³³/, /ŋɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ³³/, /ŋɔ̃³³/

#### Definitions

敖
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 傲 (“haughty; arrogant; conceited”)

### References

* “敖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* play
* be proud

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 敖 (MC ngaw); compare Mandarin 敖 (áo):
* Go-on: ごう (gō)
* Kan-on: ごう (gō)
From Middle Chinese 敖 (MC ngawH); compare Mandarin 敖 (ào):
* Go-on: ごう (gō)
* Kan-on: ごう (gō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: あそぶ (asobu, 敖ぶ)、おごる (ogoru, 敖る)

#### Compounds

* 敖(ごう)敖(ごう) (gōgō)
* 敖(ごう)惰(だ) (gōda)
* 敖(ごう)盪(とう) (gōtō)
* 敖(ごう)慢(まん) (gōman) (傲(ごう)慢(まん))
* 敖(ごう)民(みん) (gōmin)
* 敖(ごう)遊(ゆう) (gōyū) (遨(ごう)遊(ゆう))
* 敖(オー)漢(ハン)旗(き) (Ōhanki)
* 讙(かん)敖(ごう) (kangō)
* 嬉(き)敖(ごう) (kigō) (嬉(き)遨(ごう))
* 驕(きょう)敖(ごう) (kyōgō) (驕(きょう)傲(ごう), 驕(きょう)慠(ごう))
* 倨(きょ)敖(ごう) (kyogō) (倨(きょ)傲(ごう))
* 踞(きょ)敖(ごう), 倨(きょ)敖(ごう) (kyogō) (踞(きょ)傲(ごう))
* 嘯(しゅう)敖(ごう) (shūgō) (嘯(しゅう)嗷(ごう))
* 笑(しょう)敖(ごう) (shōgō) (笑(しょう)傲(ごう))
* 怠(たい)敖(ごう) (taigō) (怠(たい)傲(ごう), 怠(たい)慠(ごう))
* 遊(ゆう)敖(ごう) (yūgō)

## Korean
### Hanja

敖 (eum 오 (o))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

敖: Hán Nôm readings: ngào
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.