# 偕

| 偕 | U+5055, &#20565; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5055 |
| ← 偔 [U+5054] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 偖 → [U+5056] |

## Translingual
### Han character

偕 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心心日 (OPPA), four-corner 2126$_1$, composition ⿰亻皆)
* together
* be in order

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 855
* Dae Jaweon: page 236, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 188, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5055

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 偕
* Small seal scripts05753
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 皆 | *kriːl |
| 偕 | *kriːl |
| 階 | *kriːl |
| 喈 | *kriːl |
| 稭 | *kriːl, *kriːd |
| 堦 | *kriːl |
| 楷 | *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ |
| 鶛 | *kriːl |
| 湝 | *kriːl, *ɡriːl |
| 蝔 | *kriːl, *ɡriːl |
| 鍇 | *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ |
| 揩 | *kʰriːl |
| 諧 | *ɡriːl |
| 瑎 | *ɡriːl |
| 龤 | *ɡriːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kriːl): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xié, jiē (xie$^2$, jie$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ, ㄐㄧㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai$^1$ / haai$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gai$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kai / hâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xié
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sié
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^2$
*** Yale: syé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jie
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$
*** Yale: jyē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
* jiē - obsolete in Mainland, variant in Taiwan, for example:
** Mackay Memorial Hospital 馬偕紀念醫院 Mǎjiē Jìniàn Yīyuàn.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit偕 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɛ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕiɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiai³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕiɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕie̞⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦa²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕie̞³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ka³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕia⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xai¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kai³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hai¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kai⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hai²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kai⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kai⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kai⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kai⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kai³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: keaj
Rime :
| Character | 偕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古諧切 |
| Baxter | keaj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 偕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kɛj › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁrij/ |
| English | together |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 偕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6416 |
| Phonetic component | 皆 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皆 |
| Old Chinese | /*kriːl/ |

### Definitions

偕
* to accompany; together; in company
    偕同 ― xiétóng ― along with
    偕行 ― xiéxíng ― to travel together
    偕老 ― xiélǎo ― to live together to a ripe old age [used in blessing newly-weds]
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) strong
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xiéxié shìzǐ, zhāoxī cóngshì. [Pinyin]
    An officer, strong and vigorous, Morning and evening I am engaged in service.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to unify
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be in harmony (with)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 皆 (jiē, “all”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 偕偕 (xiéxié)
* 偕同 (xiétóng)
* 偕老 (xiélǎo)
* 偕行 (xiéxíng)
* 君子偕老
* 期頤偕老 / 期颐偕老
* 白頭偕老 / 白头偕老 (báitóuxiélǎo)
* 百年偕老
* 相偕
* 與民偕樂 / 与民偕乐
* 計偕 / 计偕

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “偕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 261.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: ともに (tomo ni, 偕に)
* Nanori: とも (tomo)

## Korean
### Hanja

偕 • (hae, hye) (hangeul 해, 혜, revised hae, hye, McCune–Reischauer hae, hye)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.