# 欣

| 欣 | U+6B23, &#27427; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B23 |
| ← 欢 [U+6B22] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 欤 → [U+6B24] |

## Translingual
### Han character

欣 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹中弓人 (HLNO), four-corner 7728$_2$, composition ⿰斤欠)

#### Derived characters

* 俽 掀 惞 焮 鍁 (锨) 𢜛 𦲽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 566, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16008
* Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2135, character 12
* Unihan data for U+6B23

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蘄 | *ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn |
| 祈 | *ɡɯl |
| 頎 | *ɡɯl |
| 旂 | *ɡɯl |
| 圻 | *ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn |
| 蚚 | *ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls |
| 岓 | *ɡɯl |
| 玂 | *ɡɯl |
| 沂 | *ŋɡɯl |
| 掀 | *qʰan |
| 釿 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn |
| 齗 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn |
| 听 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ |
| 垽 | *ŋrɯns, *qɯns |
| 斤 | *kɯn, *kɯns |
| 菦 | *kɯnʔ |
| 靳 | *kɯns |
| 劤 | *kɯns |
| 勁 | *kɯns, *keŋs |
| 赾 | *kʰɯnʔ |
| 芹 | *ɡɯn |
| 近 | *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns |
| 斦 | *ŋɡɯn |
| 欣 | *qʰɯn |
| 忻 | *qʰɯn |
| 昕 | *qʰɯn |
| 訢 | *qʰɯn |
| 炘 | *qʰɯn, *qʰɯns |
| 邤 | *qʰɯn |
| 庍 | *qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs |
| 焮 | *qʰɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰɯn): phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠.

### Etymology 1

Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xīn (xin$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hin$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hîm / hiûn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiun$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hēng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hin / him / herm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): heng$^1$ / hng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sin
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^1$
*** Yale: syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
*** Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hin³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîm / hiûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: him$^ˊ$ / hiun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: him$^1$ / hiun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /him²⁴/, /hi̯un²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiun⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hēng
*** Sinological IPA : /xeiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /hyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hin
*** Tâi-lô: hin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hyn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hin⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: him
*** Tâi-lô: him
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hym
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /him³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /him⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: herm
*** Tâi-lô: herm
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /həm³³/
* hin - literary;
* him/herm - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit欣 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕin⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕin²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiẽ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /siə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕin²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕin²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕin³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hiun⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /huŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐn⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɐn⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐn⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /him⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hyŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xeiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hɯŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hin²³/ /huaŋ²³/ 訓歡 |
* Middle Chinese: xj+n
Rime :
| Character | 欣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許斤切 |
| Baxter | xj+n |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /xiən/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯ən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 欣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰər/ |
| English | rejoice |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 欣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6665 |
| Phonetic component | 斤 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 欣 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰɯn/ |

#### Definitions

欣
* happy; joyous; delighted
    From: 《歸去來辭 / 归去来辞》, 陶淵明 / 陶渊明, translated by James Robert Hightower
    Wèn zhēngfū yǐqián lù, hèn chénguāng zhī xīwēi. Nǎi zhān héngyǔ, zāi xīn zǎi bēn. [Pinyin]
    I ask a passerby about the road ahead, grudging the dimness of the light at dawn. Then I catch sight of my cottage—filled with joy I run.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to submit willingly; to submit happily
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Xīzhě zhī fá yě, xìng bǎixìng yǐwèi bǎixìng yě, shìyǐ mín néng xīn zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”).
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 欣企
* 欣喜 (xīnxǐ)
* 欣喜若狂 (xīnxǐruòkuáng)
* 欣喜雀躍 / 欣喜雀跃 (xīnxǐ quèyuè)
* 欣忭 (xīnbiàn)
* 欣悅 / 欣悦 (xīnyuè)
* 欣慰 (xīnwèi)
* 欣戚
* 欣戴
* 欣抃
* 欣欣 (xīnxīn)
* 欣欣向榮 / 欣欣向荣 (xīnxīnxiàngróng)
* 欣欣得意
* 欣欣自得
* 欣然 (xīnrán)
* 欣然命筆 / 欣然命笔
* 欣然自喜
* 欣然自得
* 欣然自樂 / 欣然自乐
* 欣生惡死 / 欣生恶死
* 欣羨 / 欣羡 (xīnxiàn)
* 欣賞 / 欣赏 (xīnshǎng)
* 欣賞力 / 欣赏力
* 欣躍 / 欣跃
* 歡欣 / 欢欣 (huānxīn)
* 歡欣若狂 / 欢欣若狂
* 歡欣踴躍 / 欢欣踊跃
* 歡欣鼓舞 / 欢欣鼓舞 (huānxīngǔwǔ)
* 鼓舞歡欣 / 鼓舞欢欣

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 欣 – see 鑫 (“abundant in wealth; prosperous”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鑫).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kan’yō-on: ごん (gon)
* Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 欣ぶ)、よろこび (yorokobi, 欣び)、よし (yoshi)、やすし (yasushi)

## Korean
### Hanja

欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

欣: Hán Nôm readings: hân, hơn, hoen, hớn, hăng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999