# أنا
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* انا

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔa.na/
* IPA: /ʔa.naː/ (in pausa)
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanāku, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku, hence also Proto-Berber *ənăkkʷ (Kabyle nekk) and Egyptian jnk (Coptic ⲁⲛⲟⲕ (anok)).
Cognate with Hebrew אני (aní).

#### Pronoun

أَنَا • (ʔana, ʔanā) m or f (enclitic form ـِيَ (-iya) or ـِي (-ī) or ـنِي (-nī) or ـنِيَ (-niya))
* I (first person singular subject pronoun)

##### Usage notes

أَنَا (ʔanā) has four enclitic forms which are employed in different contexts and are generally not interchangeable. The enclitic forms ـنِي (-nī) and ـنِيَ (-niya) are attached to verbs, prepositions ending in نْ (n) with no final vowel (e.g., مِنْ (min) and عَنْ (ʕan)), and the sisters of إِنَّ (ʔinna) except لَعَلَّ (laʕalla). The forms ـِي (-ī) and ـيَ (-ya) are used elsewhere, but in cases where ـِي (-ī) would be preceded by a long vowel, only ـيَ (-ya) is used.
* سَاعِدْنِي ― sāʕidnī ― help me
* كِتَابِي ― kitābī ― my book
* عَلَيَّ ― ʕalayya ― on me

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: أنا (ʔana)
* Gulf Arabic: آنا (āna)
* Maltese: jien, jiena
* Moroccan Arabic: آنا (ʔāna), أنا (ʔana)
* South Levantine Arabic: أنا (ʔana)
* Tunisian Arabic: آنا (ʔāna)

##### See also

1. Also used to emphasize attached pronouns and as a copula. 2. هُمْ (hum) becomes هُمُ (humu) before the definite article الـ (al--). 3. Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”) is attached to verbs, but ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya, “my”) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـِي (-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)). 4. ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw).

### Etymology 2

From أَنَا (ʔanā, “I”), semantic loan from German Ich, possibly through ego.

#### Noun

أَنَا • (ʔanā) f or m
* (psychology) ego

##### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “أنا”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

### Pronoun

أنا • (ʔana) m or f
* I

## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* انا (ana) (alternative spelling)
* آني (āni) (rural, lower-class urban)

### Etymology

From Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.na/

### Pronoun

أنا • (ana) m or f (plural احنا (iḥna), accusative ـني (-ni), genetive ـي (-i) or ـيا (-ya))
* First-person singular subject pronoun: I

#### See also

Egyptian Arabic personal pronouns :
| | | singular | plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | أنا (ʔana) | إحنا (ʔiḥna) |
| 2nd person | m | إنت (ʔinta) | إنتوا (ʔintu) |
| 2nd person | f | إنتي (ʔinti) | إنتوا (ʔintu) |
| 3rd person | m | هو (huwwa) | هم (humma, hum) |
| 3rd person | f | هي (hiyya) | هم (humma, hum) |

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Pronoun

أنا • (ʔana) m or f
* I (first person singular subject pronoun)

#### See also

Hijazi Arabic personal pronouns :
| | | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | أَنَا (ʔana) | إِحْنَا (ʔiḥna) / نِحْنَ (niḥna) |
| 2nd person | m | إِنْتَ (ʔinta) | إِنْتُو (ʔintu) |
| 2nd person | f | إِنْتِ (ʔinti) / إِنْتِي (ʔinti) | إِنْتُو (ʔintu) |
| 3rd person | m | هُوَّ (huwwa) | هُمَّ (humma) |
| 3rd person | f | هِيَّ (hiyya) | هُمَّ (humma) |

## Moroccan Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔa.na/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

#### Pronoun

أنا • (ʔana) m or f
* Alternative form of آنا (ʔāna): I (first person singular subject pronoun)

##### See also

Moroccan Arabic personal pronouns :
| | | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | آنا (ʔāna), أنا (ʔana) | حنا (ḥnā) |
| 2nd person | m | انت (ntā), انتينا (ntīna), انتين (ntīn) | انتوما (ntūma), انتوم (ntūm) |
| 2nd person | f | انت (ntī), انتينا (ntīna), انتين (ntīn) | انتوما (ntūma), انتوم (ntūm) |
| 3rd person | m | هو (huwwa) | هوما (hūma), هوم (hūm) |
| 3rd person | f | هي (hiyya) | هوما (hūma), هوم (hūm) |

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adverb

أنا • (ʔana)
* (interrogative) which?

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

### Pronoun

أنا • (ʾana) m or f
* I (first person singular subject pronoun)
    Enclitic forms: ـي (-i/-y), ـني (-ni)

#### See also

North Levantine Arabic personal pronouns :
| | | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | أنا (ʔana) | نحنا (niḥna) |
| 2nd person | m | انت (ʔinta, ʔinte) | انتو (ʔintu) |
| 2nd person | f | انتي (ʔinti) | انتو (ʔintu) |
| 3rd person | m | هو (huwwe) | هن (hinne) / هنن (hinnen) |
| 3rd person | f | هي (hiyye) | هن (hinne) / هنن (hinnen) |

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔa.na/, [ˈʔa.na]
* Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

### Pronoun

أنا • (ʔana) m or f (enclitic form ـي (-i) or ـني (-ni))
* I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

#### See also

South Levantine Arabic personal pronouns :
| | | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | أنا (ʔana) | احنا (ʔiḥna) |
| 2nd person | m | انت (ʔinta) | انتو (ʔintu) |
| 2nd person | f | انتي (ʔinti) | انتو (ʔintu) |
| 3rd person | m | هو (huwwe) | هم (homme) |
| 3rd person | f | هي (hiyye) | هم (homme) |