# 殷

| 殷 | U+6BB7, &#27575; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BB7 |
| ← 殶 [U+6BB6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 殸 → [U+6BB8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

殷 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸竹弓水 (HSHNE), four-corner 2724$_7$, composition ⿰㐆殳)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 585, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16627
* Dae Jaweon: page 977, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2156, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6BB7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 殷 :
| Shang | Western Zhou |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions |
| | Old Chinese |
| 殷 | *qrɯːn, *qɯn |
| 慇 | *qɯn |
| 溵 | *qɯn |
| 磤 | *qɯnʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): a pregnant woman (身, now written reversed as 㐆) next to a hand grabbing a hammer or mallet (now written 殳). However, in this character, the hand could be grabbing a needle for acupuncture.
The character is partly unclear, however the original meaning was either referred to pain and medical treatment and/or to "abundance, prosperity" in reference to the swollen abdomen.

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Is 殷 (OC *qɯn) related to 鳦 (OC *qriːd, *qrid) & 燕 (OC *qeːns), both meaning "swallow"? Xie / Qi (契), the mythical ancestor of the Shang kings, was conceived after lady Jiandi (簡狄) swallowed the egg of the black bird (玄鳥) (e.g. in Shijing (詩經) - Shang Song (商頌) - Xuan Niao 玄鳥, Shiji (史書) Yin benji (殷本紀), etc. ), identified explicitly as 燕 (Lunheng 論衡, chapters 案書 Anshu & Qiguai 奇怪).”

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīn (yin$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yin$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): un / in
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hng$^1$ / heng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$in
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yin
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$
*** Yale: yīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: in
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
*** Tâi-lô: un
*** Phofsit Daibuun: wn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in
*** Tâi-lô: in
*** Phofsit Daibuun: yn
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hng$^1$ / heng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hng / hṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /hŋ³³/, /hɯŋ³³/
* hng1 - Chaozhou;
* heng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: 'j+n
Rime :
| Character | 殷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於斤切 |
| Baxter | 'j+n |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiən/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔə[r]/, /*ʔər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殷 | 殷 | 殷 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīn | yīn | yīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjɨn › | ‹ ʔjɨn › | ‹ ʔjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔə[r]/ | /*ʔə[r]/ | /*ʔər/ |
| English | 殷殷 distressed | ample, many | (dynastic name) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殷 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15232 |
| Phonetic component | 殷 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殷 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯn/ |

#### Definitions

殷
* (metonymically) (～朝) Shang Dynasty after Pan Geng moved the capital of the state to its final location at Yīn (i.e., Late Shang Dynasty)
* (by extension) (～朝) Alternative name for 商 (shāng, “Shang Dynasty”).
* abundant; rich
    殷實／殷实 ― yīnshí ― well-off
* (literary) large; flourishing
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Zhuāngzhōu yuē: “Cǐ hé niǎo zāi? Yì yīn bù shì, mù dà bù dǔ.” [Pinyin]
    Zhuangzi said, “What kind of bird is it? It cannot fly very far with its huge wings and cannot see clearly with its big eyes.”
* (literary) many; numerous
* (of emotions) deep
* a surname

##### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

#### Compounds

* 加二殷勤
* 家徒甚殷
* 桓殷危語
* 殷切 (yīnqiè)
* 殷勤 (yīnqín)
* 殷同
* 殷商 (Yīnshāng)
* 殷墟 (Yīnxū)
* 殷墟卜辭
* 殷墟書契
* 殷契
* 殷富 (yīnfù)
* 殷實 (yīnshí)
* 殷師牛鬥 / 殷师牛斗
* 殷店 (Yīndiàn)
* 殷憂 (yīnyōu)
* 殷憂啟聖 / 殷忧启圣
* 殷文存
* 殷有三仁
* 殷望
* 殷正
* 殷武
* 殷殷
* 殷殷勤勤
* 殷殷屯屯
* 殷殷田田
* 殷民阜利
* 殷民阜財
* 殷浩書空
* 殷渥
* 殷湯
* 殷畈 (Yīnfàn)
* 殷盛
* 殷盤
* 殷盼
* 殷薦
* 殷見
* 殷軫
* 殷轔
* 殷鋼
* 殷鑒 (yīnjiàn)
* 殷鑑 (yīnjiàn)
* 殷鑒不遠 / 殷鉴不远 (yīnjiànbùyuǎn)
* 殷鑑不遠 / 殷鉴不远 (yīnjiànbùyuǎn)
* 殷阜
* 殷頑
* 民殷國富
* 民殷財阜
* 獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yān (yan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^1$ / aan$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$e
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yān
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yan
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^1$ / aan$^1$
*** Yale: yīn / āan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^1$ / aan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^1$ / an$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn⁵⁵/, /aːn⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$e
*** MiniDict: e$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$e
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /e⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: 'ean
Rime :
| Character | 殷 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 烏閑切 |
| Baxter | 'ean |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠɛn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚæn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /æn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔăn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤrə[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殷 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔɛn › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁrə[r]/ |
| English | dark-red |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15231 |
| Phonetic component | 殷 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黰 |
| Old Chinese | /*qrɯːn/ |

#### Definitions

殷
* blood red; deep red

#### Compounds

* 殷然
* 殷紅 (yānhóng)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐn (yin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$in
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^3$
*** Yale: yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$in
*** MiniDict: in$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$in
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in³⁴/

#### Definitions

殷
* sound of thunder
* to shake; to tremble

#### Compounds

* 殷其靁
* 殷天動地
* 殷天震地

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: おん (on)、えん (en)
* Kan-on: いん (in)、あん (an)
* Kun: さかん (sakan, 殷ん)、おおい (ōi, 殷い)、ゆたか (yutaka, 殷か)、にぎやか (nigiyaka, 殷やか)、ねんごろ (nengoro, 殷ろ)、あかい (akai, 殷い)
* Nanori: たか (taka)、ただ (tada)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 殷
* いん Hyōgai
* kan'on
The senses “Shang dynasty” and “prosperous” are from Middle Chinese 殷 (MC 'j+n), corresponding to modern Mandarin yīn and Cantonese jan$^1$. The sense “rumbling” corresponds to modern Mandarin yǐn and Cantonese jan$^2$.
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ĩɴ]

### Proper noun

殷(いん) • (In)
* (historical) Shang dynasty

#### Synonyms

* 商(しょう) (shō)

### Affix

殷(いん) • (in)
* (historical) Shang dynasty
* prosperous; flourishing
* rumbling

### References

* ↑ “殷”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean

* A user suggests that this Korean entry be cleaned up.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

### Hanja

殷 (eum 은, 안 (eun, an))
* hanja form of 은, 안 (“great, many, magnificent, flourishing”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

殷: Hán Nôm readings: ân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.