# 沾

| 沾 | U+6CBE, &#27838; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBE |
| ← 沽 [U+6CBD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 沿 → [U+6CBF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

沾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水卜口 (EYR), four-corner 3116$_0$, composition ⿰氵占)

#### Derived characters

* 𮏝, 𥮒, 𨵍, 霑, 𡝫, 惉, 𤊁

#### Related characters

* 霑 (Variant form in mainland China)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17259
* Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1583, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6CBE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 沾
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān).

### Etymology 1

Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zim$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiam / chiam / cham
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zim$^1$
*** Yale: jīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiam
*** Tâi-lô: tiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diafm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
*** Tâi-lô: tsiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
*** Tâi-lô: tsam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴⁴/
* tiam, chiam - literary;
* cham - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit沾 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂan²¹/ /t͡san²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡san⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡san⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡san⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sæ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sø⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sø⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷõ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕi³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕie³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂə̃³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡san³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɛn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sam⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃɑm²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sim⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sim⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sim⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sam³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sieŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niŋ⁵⁴/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tiam³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tiam²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: trjem
Rime :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 張廉切 |
| Baxter | trjem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjiam/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]rem/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tem/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjem › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]rem/ |
| English | moisten |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 16702 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霑 |
| Old Chinese | /*tem/ |

#### Definitions

沾
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) abundant; overflowing; brimming
* to soak; to moisten
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Lì zhī jī, Ài fēng rén zhī zǐ yě. Jìnguó zhī shǐ dé zhī yě, tìqì zhān jīn. [Pinyin]
    The concubine of Li was the daughter of a person from the frontiers of Ai. Initially, when the king of Jin took her as his concubine, she cried until her tears soaked her clothes.
* to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to influence; to edify
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Ruò nǎi wényuē zhī suǒ zhān jiàn, fēngshēng zhī suǒ zhōuliú, jǐ jiāng rì suǒ chūrù chù yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to be stained with; to be contaminated by
       Wǒ de xiézi zhān dào níbā le. [Pinyin]
       My shoes are stained with mud.
* to touch; to come into contact with
    From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
    Wǒ zhè wú gēn shuǐ, fēi cǐ zhī lùn, nǎi shì tiānshàng luòxià zhě, bù zhān dì jiù chī, cái jiàozuò wú gēn shuǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (dialectal) to be good; to be okay

##### Synonyms

* (to benefit):
* 受用
* 受益 (shòuyì)
* 得利 (délì) (literary)
* 得力 (délì) (from someone's assistance)
* 得益 (déyì)
* (to touch):
* 守 (shǒu)
* 挨 (āi)
* 挨著 / 挨着 (āizhe)
* 接觸 / 接触 (jiēchù)
* 搭倚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 攏 / 拢 (lǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 攏邊 / 拢边 (long$^3$ bienn$^1$) (Xiang)
* 涉獵 / 涉猎 (shèliè)
* 湊 / 凑 (còu)
* 觸及 / 触及 (chùjí)
* 近前 (jìnqián) (literary)
* 靠攏 / 靠拢 (kàolǒng)
* 靠近 (kàojìn)

#### Compounds

* 一沾
* 不沾
* 利益均沾
* 均沾 (jūnzhān)
* 得沾化雨
* 惹草沾花
* 惹草沾風 / 惹草沾风
* 汗出沾背
* 沐露沾霜
* 泣下沾襟
* 沾丐
* 沾乾 / 沾干
* 沾便宜
* 沾光 (zhānguāng)
* 沾包
* 沾化 (Zhānhuà)
* 沾卹
* 沾寒
* 沾巾
* 沾帶 / 沾带
* 沾惹
* 沾戀 / 沾恋
* 沾手 (zhānshǒu)
* 沾扯
* 沾接
* 沾染 (zhānrǎn)
* 沾汙 / 沾污
* 沾沾
* 沾泣
* 沾泥帶水 / 沾泥带水
* 沾泥絮
* 沾沾自喜 (zhānzhānzìxǐ)
* 沾沾自好
* 沾沾自滿 / 沾沾自满
* 沾沾自衒
* 沾沾自足
* 沾洿
* 沾洽
* 沾浹 / 沾浃
* 沾浥
* 沾渥
* 沾溉
* 沾漉
* 沾滯 / 沾滞
* 沾漸 / 沾渐
* 沾潤 / 沾润
* 沾濟 / 沾济
* 沾濕 / 沾湿 (zhānshī)
* 沾濡
* 沾灑 / 沾洒
* 沾牙
* 沾病
* 沾礙 / 沾碍
* 沾粘
* 沾纓 / 沾缨
* 沾脣 / 沾唇
* 沾臆
* 沾膺
* 沾花惹草
* 沾衣
* 沾衿
* 沾袍
* 沾被
* 沾補 / 沾补
* 沾裳
* 沾襟
* 沾親 / 沾亲
* 沾親帶友 / 沾亲带友
* 沾親帶故 / 沾亲带故
* 沾親帶骨 / 沾亲带骨
* 沾親挂拐
* 沾識 / 沾识
* 沾賚 / 沾赉
* 沾賞 / 沾赏
* 沾足
* 沾辱
* 沾連 / 沾连
* 沾逮
* 沾邊 / 沾边 (zhānbiān)
* 沾醉 (zhānzuì)
* 沾錫 / 沾锡
* 沾霈
* 沾風惹草 / 沾风惹草
* 沾黏
* 滴水不沾
* 滴水未沾
* 滴酒不沾 (dījiǔbùzhān)
* 禪絮沾泥 / 禅絮沾泥
* 脅不沾席 / 胁不沾席
* 腳不沾地 / 脚不沾地
* 迷花沾草
* 雨沾雲惹 / 雨沾云惹

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zim$^1$
*** Yale: jīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trjem
Rime :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 張廉切 |
| Baxter | trjem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjiam/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tem/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 16702 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霑 |
| Old Chinese | /*tem/ |

#### Definitions

沾
* (～水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China
    From: Li Daoyuan, Commentary on the Water Classic, 386-534 CE
    yòu dōngběi, Zhānshuǐ zhù zhī, shuǐ chū Húguānxiàn dōng zhān tái xià, shíbì chónggāo, ángcáng yǐn tiān [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiān (tian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tian
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: them
Rime :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 他兼切 |
| Baxter | them |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰem/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰem/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛm/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰem/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰiem/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰiem/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰeːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 16728 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 添 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰeːm/ |

#### Definitions

沾
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 添 (tiān, “to increase”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thin
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Wú suān hāo lóu, bù zhān bó zhǐ. Hún xī guīlái! Zì suǒ zé zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: temH
Rime :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都念切 |
| Baxter | temH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tem$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tem$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tem$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tiem$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tiem$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dim$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*teːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沾 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 16725 |
| Phonetic component | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 店 |
| Old Chinese | /*teːms/ |

#### Definitions

沾
* (～水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei
* (～縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County
    From: Li Daoyuan, Commentary on the Water Classic, 386-534 CE
    Chū Shàngdǎng Diànxiàn xīběi Shào shān Dàyào gǔ, nán guò xiàn xī, yòu cóng xiàn nán qū. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 覘. (This character is a variant form of 覘).

### Etymology 6

* For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 蘸 (“to dip in; to submerge in; to dip in; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蘸).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)
* Kun: うるおう (uruō)

#### Compounds

* 均沾(きんてん) (kinten)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC trjem).

#### Hanja

Wikisource 沾 (eumhun 시다 첨 (sida cheom))
* hanja form of 첨 (“to soak; to moisten”)

##### Compounds

* 균첨 (均沾, gyuncheom)
* 첨습 (沾濕, cheomseup)
* 첨유 (沾濡, cheomyu)
* 첨의 (沾衣, cheomui)
* 첨흡 (沾洽, cheomheup)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC them).

#### Hanja

沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))
* Alternative form of 添 (“hanja form of 첨 (“to append; to increase”)”)

### Etymology 3
#### Hanja

沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop))
* hanja form of 첩 (“frivolous; discourteous; smug”)

##### Compounds

* 첩첩 (沾沾, cheopcheop)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沾: Hán Nôm readings: chăm, trèm, triêm, chem, thêm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.