# 親

| 親 | U+89AA, &#35242; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA |
| ← 覩 [U+89A9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 覫 → [U+89AB] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 親 |
| Simplified | 亲 |
| Traditional | 親 |

### Han character

親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 0691$_0$, composition ⿰亲見)

#### Derived characters

* 儭(𠋆), 𫥝(𫥔), 嚫(𰈍), 𡤅, 𭣋, 瀙, 𮥰, 𮍊, 櫬(榇), 𥗒, 襯, 𧭼, 䞋(𫎪), 𮜪, 𮜽, 𨯦, 寴, 藽, 𥨾

#### Related characters

* 亲 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1136, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
* Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
* Unihan data for U+89AA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 親 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 親 | *sʰin, *sʰins |
| 寴 | *sʰin, *sʰins |
| 儭 | *sʰins, *sʰrins |
| 瀙 | *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins |
| 辛 | *siŋ |
| 新 | *siŋ |
| 薪 | *siŋ |
| 襯 | *sʰrins |
| 櫬 | *sʰrins |
| 嚫 | *t͡sʰrinh |
| 莘 | *sriŋ |
| 騂 | *seŋ |
| 垶 | *seŋ |
| 觪 | *seŋ |
Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).
Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”). The left part (a chisel with a tree at the bottom to indicate "hazelnut branch" used as a whip) was then stylized as 亲, which originally is a variant of 辛, the chisel.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dziŋ (“relatives, ancestors”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese စဉ် (cany, “to line up, arrange”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīn (qin$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): can$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tin$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qin$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhin
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cing$^1$ / cêng$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$chin / $^1$tshin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cin
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$
*** Yale: chīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
*** Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^1$
*** Yale: chān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰin³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: qin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin
*** Tâi-lô: tshin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chyn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cing$^1$ / cêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing / tsheng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ³³/, /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chin
*** MiniDict: chin$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshin
*** MiniDict: tshin$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sin³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡ɕin³³/
* Middle Chinese: tshin
Rime :
| Character | 親 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七人切 |
| Baxter | tshin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰin/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | can$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 親 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]i[n]/ |
| English | close; parents |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 親 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 13804 |
| Phonetic component | 辛 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 親 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰin/ |
| Notes | 說文親（同榛）聲 |

#### Definitions

親
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) paternal relatives
* intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
* parent(s); father and/or mother
* relatives; blood or marriage relation
* related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
* marriage; matrimony
* to be close to; to become intimate with
* to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
    親中／亲中 ― qīn Zhōng ― pro-China, usually meaning pro-CCP
    From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
    Jīn yǐ rǔ wéi qīn wèi wō wáng. [Pinyin]
    You [Himiko] shall be the Ruler of Wa, Friendly to Wei.
* to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
* to kiss; to brush one's lips against
* personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
* close person; reliable person; intimate friend
* accurate; true
* 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
* (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
* Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”)
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吻, 親, 親吻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 吻, 親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 吻, 親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 吻, 親 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 惜, 啜, 痛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 惜, 啜, 嘴 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 啜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 啜 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 惜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唚 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 親 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 鼻 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 敕 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 鼻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 惜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香, 親 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 香 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 香 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 親 |

#### Compounds

* 一親芳澤 / 一亲芳泽 (yīqīnfāngzé)
* 三親 / 三亲
* 三親六眷 / 三亲六眷
* 三親四眷 / 三亲四眷
* 三親等 / 三亲等
* 不因親 / 不因亲
* 不著親 / 不著亲
* 不親筆硯 / 不亲笔砚
* 不關親 / 不关亲
* 串親戚 / 串亲戚
* 九故十親 / 九故十亲
* 九親 / 九亲
* 乾親 / 干亲 (gānqīn)
* 事必躬親 / 事必躬亲 (shìbìgōngqīn)
* 事親至孝 / 事亲至孝
* 二親 / 二亲
* 二親等 / 二亲等
* 交門親眷 / 交门亲眷
* 令親 / 令亲 (lìngqīn)
* 任人唯親 / 任人唯亲 (rènrénwéiqīn)
* 保親 / 保亲
* 倍感親切 / 倍感亲切
* 做親 / 做亲
* 內親 / 内亲 (nèiqīn)
* 兩姨親 / 两姨亲
* 兩重親 / 两重亲
* 六親 / 六亲 (liùqīn)
* 六親不認 / 六亲不认 (liùqīnbùrèn)
* 六親無靠 / 六亲无靠
* 前親晚後 / 前亲晚后
* 十親九故 / 十亲九故
* 卑親屬 / 卑亲属
* 占親
* 反親疏 / 反亲疏
* 可親 / 可亲 (kěqīn)
* 君親 / 君亲
* 和藹可親 / 和蔼可亲 (hé'ǎikěqīn)
* 和親 / 和亲 (héqīn)
* 單親家庭 / 单亲家庭 (dānqīn jiātíng)
* 嚴親 / 严亲
* 國戚皇親 / 国戚皇亲
* 垂白之親 / 垂白之亲
* 外親 / 外亲
* 大義滅親 / 大义灭亲 (dàyìmièqīn)
* 天道無親 / 天道无亲
* 姑舅作親 / 姑舅作亲
* 妻親 / 妻亲
* 姻親 / 姻亲 (yīnqīn)
* 娛親 / 娱亲
* 娘親 / 娘亲 (niángqīn)
* 娶親 / 娶亲 (qǔqīn)
* 嫡嫡親親 / 嫡嫡亲亲
* 嫡親 / 嫡亲 (díqīn)
* 嫡親兄弟 / 嫡亲兄弟
* 孝親 / 孝亲
* 安親班 / 安亲班 (ānqīnbān)
* 宗親 / 宗亲 (zōngqīn)
* 官親 / 官亲
* 宗親會 / 宗亲会 (zōngqīnhuì)
* 家親 / 家亲
* 密親 / 密亲
* 尊親屬 / 尊亲属
* 尋親記 / 寻亲记
* 對親 / 对亲
* 對頭親 / 对头亲
* 少親失眷 / 少亲失眷
* 就親 / 就亲
* 平行表親 / 平行表亲
* 得親順親 / 得亲顺亲
* 御駕親征 / 御驾亲征 (yùjiàqīnzhēng)
* 悔親 / 悔亲
* 愛親做親 / 爱亲做亲
* 懇親 / 恳亲
* 懇親會 / 恳亲会
* 懿親 / 懿亲
* 成親 / 成亲 (chéngqīn)
* 戲綵娛親 / 戏彩娱亲
* 手親眼便 / 手亲眼便
* 投親 / 投亲 (tóuqīn)
* 拔親 / 拔亲
* 拜親 / 拜亲
* 拉親 / 拉亲
* 招親 / 招亲 (zhāoqīn)
* 指親托故 / 指亲托故
* 挨親兒 / 挨亲儿
* 探親 / 探亲 (tànqīn)
* 揚名顯親 / 扬名显亲
* 換親 / 换亲
* 提親 / 提亲 (tíqīn)
* 搶親 / 抢亲
* 攀親 / 攀亲 (pānqīn)
* 攀親引戚 / 攀亲引戚
* 攀親託熟 / 攀亲托熟
* 攙親 / 搀亲
* 敦親睦鄰 / 敦亲睦邻
* 新親 / 新亲
* 旁系血親 / 旁系血亲
* 族親 / 族亲
* 暮雲親舍 / 暮云亲舍
* 會親 / 会亲
* 有服之親 / 有服之亲
* 榮名及親 / 荣名及亲
* 母親 / 母亲 (mǔqīn)
* 母親節 / 母亲节 (mǔqīnjié)
* 比武招親 / 比武招亲
* 比親 / 比亲
* 求親 / 求亲
* 求親告友 / 求亲告友
* 法定血親 / 法定血亲
* 沾親 / 沾亲
* 沾親帶故 / 沾亲带故
* 沾親帶骨 / 沾亲带骨
* 浼人親行 / 浼人亲行
* 父親 / 父亲 (fùqīn)
* 父親節 / 父亲节 (fùqīnjié)
* 瓜葛之親 / 瓜葛之亲
* 疏不謀親 / 疏不谋亲
* 疏不間親 / 疏不间亲
* 痛親 / 痛亲
* 白雲親舍 / 白云亲舍
* 皇親 / 皇亲 (huángqīn)
* 皇親國戚 / 皇亲国戚 (huángqīnguóqī)
* 直系親屬 / 直系亲属 (zhíxì qīnshǔ)
* 相親 / 相亲
* 省親 / 省亲 (xǐngqīn)
* 相親相愛 / 相亲相爱 (xiāngqīnxiāng'ài)
* 眾叛親離 / 众叛亲离 (zhòngpànqīnlí)
* 眾散親離 / 众散亲离
* 瞞親 / 瞒亲
* 破親 / 破亲
* 禮不親授 / 礼不亲授
* 禮士親賢 / 礼士亲贤
* 結親 / 结亲 (jiéqīn)
* 綵衣娛親 / 彩衣娱亲
* 繼親 / 继亲
* 老萊娛親 / 老莱娱亲
* 老親 / 老亲 (lǎoqīn)
* 聯親 / 联亲
* 肌膚之親 / 肌肤之亲 (jīfūzhīqīn)
* 至親 / 至亲 (zhìqīn)
* 至親兄弟 / 至亲兄弟
* 至親好友 / 至亲好友
* 至親骨肉 / 至亲骨肉
* 舉目無親 / 举目无亲 (jǔmùwúqīn)
* 舉眼無親 / 举眼无亲
* 舍親 / 舍亲
* 茂親 / 茂亲
* 草鞋親 / 草鞋亲
* 葭莩之親 / 葭莩之亲
* 薄親 / 薄亲
* 藹然可親 / 蔼然可亲 (ǎiránkěqīn)
* 血親 / 血亲 (xuèqīn)
* 血親家族 / 血亲家族
* 表親 / 表亲 (biǎoqīn)
* 裙帶親 / 裙带亲
* 親丁 / 亲丁
* 親上作親 / 亲上作亲
* 親上加親 / 亲上加亲
* 親上成親 / 亲上成亲
* 親串 / 亲串
* 親事 / 亲事 (qīnshì)
* 親交 / 亲交 (qīnjiāo)
* 親人 / 亲人 (qīnrén)
* 親任 / 亲任
* 親供 / 亲供
* 親信 / 亲信 (qīnxìn)
* 親倖 / 亲幸
* 親傍 / 亲傍
* 親像 / 亲像 (chhîn-chhiong)
* 親共 / 亲共 (qīngòng)
* 親兵 / 亲兵 (qīnbīng)
* 親切 / 亲切 (qīnqiè)
* 親厚 / 亲厚 (qīnhòu)
* 親友 / 亲友 (qīnyǒu)
* 親口 / 亲口 (qīnkǒu)
* 親吻 / 亲吻 (qīnwěn)
* 親告罪 / 亲告罪
* 親和力 / 亲和力 (qīnhélì)
* 親善 / 亲善 (qīnshàn)
* 親善大使 / 亲善大使
* 親嘴 / 亲嘴 (qīnzuǐ)
* 親如手足 / 亲如手足
* 親子教養 / 亲子教养
* 親子關係 / 亲子关系
* 親密 / 亲密 (qīnmì)
* 親密無間 / 亲密无间
* 親展 / 亲展 (qīnzhǎn)
* 親屬 / 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
* 親屬稱謂 / 亲属称谓
* 親屬語言 / 亲属语言
* 親庭 / 亲庭
* 親往 / 亲往 (qīnwǎng)
* 親征 (qīnzhēng)
* 親情 / 亲情 (qīnqíng)
* 親愛 / 亲爱 (qīn'ài)
* 親愛的 / 亲爱的 (qīn'ài de)
* 親愛精誠 / 亲爱精诚
* 親戚 / 亲戚
* 親手 / 亲手 (qīnshǒu)
* 親手足 / 亲手足
* 親授 / 亲授
* 親操井臼 / 亲操井臼
* 親政 / 亲政 (qīnzhèng)
* 親故 / 亲故 (qīngù)
* 親啟 / 亲启
* 親族 / 亲族 (qīnzú)
* 親昵 (qīnnì)
* 親暱 / 亲昵 (qīnnì)
* 親朋 / 亲朋 (qīnpéng)
* 親朋好友 / 亲朋好友 (qīnpénghǎoyǒu)
* 親本 / 亲本
* 親極反疏 / 亲极反疏
* 親權 / 亲权
* 親歷 / 亲历 (qīnlì)
* 親母 / 亲母 (qīnmǔ)
* 親民 / 亲民 (qīnmín)
* 親潮 / 亲潮
* 親炙 / 亲炙
* 親熱 / 亲热 (qīnrè)
* 親率 / 亲率
* 親王 / 亲王 (qīnwáng)
* 親生 / 亲生 (qīnshēng)
* 親生父母 / 亲生父母
* 親生骨肉 / 亲生骨肉
* 親疏 / 亲疏 (qīnshū)
* 親疏遠近 / 亲疏远近
* 親痛仇快 / 亲痛仇快 (qīntòngchóukuài)
* 親眼 / 亲眼 (qīnyǎn)
* 親眷 / 亲眷 (qīnjuàn)
* 親眼目睹 / 亲眼目睹 (qīnyǎnmùdǔ)
* 親睦 / 亲睦 (qīnmù)
* 親睹 / 亲睹 (qīndǔ)
* 親知 / 亲知 (qīnzhī)
* 親筆 / 亲笔 (qīnbǐ)
* 親等 / 亲等
* 親系 / 亲系
* 親耕 / 亲耕
* 親職教育 / 亲职教育
* 親臨 / 亲临 (qīnlín)
* 親自 / 亲自 (qīnzì)
* 親親熱熱 / 亲亲热热
* 親貴 / 亲贵
* 親賢 / 亲贤
* 親赴 / 亲赴 (qīnfù)
* 親身 / 亲身 (qīnshēn)
* 親身經歷 / 亲身经历 (qīnshēn jīnglì)
* 親迎 / 亲迎
* 親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
* 親隨 / 亲随 (qīnsuí)
* 親離眾叛 / 亲离众叛
* 親類 / 亲类
* 親香 / 亲香
* 親駕 / 亲驾
* 親骨肉 / 亲骨肉 (qīngǔròu)
* 訂親 / 订亲 (dìngqīn)
* 討親 / 讨亲
* 認親 / 认亲 (rènqīn)
* 說親 / 说亲 (shuōqīn)
* 說親道熱 / 说亲道热
* 謔親 / 谑亲
* 議親 / 议亲
* 走親 / 走亲
* 躬親 / 躬亲 (gōngqīn)
* 較親 / 较亲
* 轉折親 / 转折亲
* 近親 / 近亲 (jìnqīn)
* 迎親 / 迎亲 (yíngqīn)
* 送親 / 送亲
* 退親 / 退亲 (tuìqīn)
* 遠不間親 / 远不间亲
* 遠親 / 远亲 (yuǎnqīn)
* 鄉親 / 乡亲 (xiāngqīn)
* 重親 / 重亲
* 長親 / 长亲
* 關親 / 关亲
* 隱不違親 / 隐不违亲
* 隱親 / 隐亲
* 雙親 / 双亲 (shuāngqīn)
* 非親非故 / 非亲非故 (fēiqīnfēigù)
* 題親 / 题亲
* 顯親 / 显亲
* 顯親揚名 / 显亲扬名
* 骨肉至親 / 骨肉至亲 (gǔròuzhìqīn)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìng (qing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): can$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhin / chheng / chhiⁿ / chheⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cing$^1$ / cêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^4$
*** Yale: chìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinq
*** Palladius: цин (cin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^3$
*** Yale: chan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: qin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin
*** Tâi-lô: tshin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chyn
*** IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰin³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Kinmen): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng
*** Tâi-lô: tshing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhefng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /t͡sʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cing$^1$ / cêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing / tsheng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ³³/, /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chin
*** MiniDict: chin$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tshinH
Rime :
| Character | 親 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七遴切 |
| Baxter | tshinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | can$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰins/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 親 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 13806 |
| Phonetic component | 辛 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 親 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰins/ |

#### Definitions

親
* relationship between the families (especially the parents) of a married couple; in-laws

#### Compounds

* 乾親家 / 干亲家
* 四門親家 / 四门亲家
* 探親家 / 探亲家
* 親太太 / 亲太太
* 親奶奶 / 亲奶奶
* 親姆 / 亲姆
* 親娘 / 亲娘
* 親家 / 亲家 (qìngjia)
* 親家公 / 亲家公 (qìngjiagōng)
* 親家母 / 亲家母 (qìngjiamǔ)
* 親家禮道 / 亲家礼道
* 親家翁 / 亲家翁 (qìngjiāwēng)
* 親家老爺 / 亲家老爷 (qìngjiā lǎoyé)
* 親房 / 亲房
* 親爹 / 亲爹
* 親翁 / 亲翁

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫. (This character is a variant form of 嚫).

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chim
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
*** Tâi-lô: tsim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

親
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 唚 (“to kiss”)
** 2023, “愛之味”, 蔡宜霖 (lyrics), 陳祈信 (music)‎performed by 蔡多多 and 郭忠祐 [York Kuo]:
       chêng-put-chū-kìm chim lí ê siòng-phìⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       I couldn't help myself but kiss your photo

### References

* “親”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “亲”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 189.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* parent, elder

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kun: おや (oya, 親, Jōyō)、したしい (shitashii, 親しい, Jōyō)、したしむ (shitashimu, 親しむ, Jōyō)、みずから (mizukara, 親ら)
* Nanori: ぎ (gi)、ちか (chika)、のり (nori)

#### Compounds

* 両(りょう)親(しん) (ryōshin, “parents”)
* 親(おや)子(こ) (oyako, “parent and child”)
* 親(おや)父(じ) (oyaji, “an old man”)
* 親(おや)潮(しお) (oyashio, “Oyashio Current”)
* 親(おや)指(ゆび) (oyayubi, “a thumb”)
* 親(しん)愛(あい) (shin'ai, “deep affection”)
* 親(しん)戚(せき) (shinseki, “relative”)
* 親(しん)切(せつ) (shinsetsu, “kindness, helpfulness, friendliness; kind, helpful”)
* 親(しん)善(ぜん) (shinzen, “friendship, goodwill”)
* 親(しん)日(にち) (shinnichi, “pro-Japanese”)
* 親(しん)睦(ぼく) (shinboku, “friendship, amicability”)
* 親(しん)身(み) (shinmi, “relation, kin”)
* 親(しん)密(みつ) (shinmitsu, “intimacy, closeness; intime, close”)
* 親(しん)友(ゆう) (shin'yū, “close friend, bosom buddy”)
* 親(しん)類(るい) (shinrui, “relative, kin”)
* 親(しん)王(のう) (shinnō)
* 親(おや)方(かた) (oyakata)
* 親等

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 親
* おや Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 祖
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.
First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おや [òyáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [o̞ja̠]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

親(おや) • (oya)
* [from 720] a parent
** 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko Fujio, “世界名作童話第１巻, みにくいアヒルの子 [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 1: The Ugly Duckling]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子・F・不二雄のSF短編; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 112:
    ぼくのほんとのおやはだれかしら。
       Boku no honto no oya wa dare kashira.
       What are my real parents like?
* [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
* [from 1001] the boss or leader
* [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
* [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
* [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears

##### Idioms

* 親(おや)の心(こころ)子(こ)知(し)らず (oya no kokoro ko shirazu): “the child doesn't know the parent's heart” → the child doesn't know the pain they cause their parents
* 親(おや)の光(ひかり)は七(なな)光(ひかり) (oya no hikari wa nana hikari): “a parent's bright light is seven bright lights” → a parent's social standing can be a huge influence on a person as they come into adulthood

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

親(しん) • (shin-)
* pro- (supportive of)

##### Antonyms

* 反(はん) (han)

### References

* 1 2 “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 親 (MC tshin|tshinH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))
* hanja form of 친 (“intimate”)
* hanja form of 친 (“relative; parent”)

#### Compounds

* 극친 (極親, geukchin)
* 근친 (近親, geunchin)
* 돈친 (敦親, donchin)
* 등화가친 (燈火可親, deunghwagachin)
* 망친 (亡親, mangchin)
* 모친 (母親, mochin)
* 방친영 (房親迎, bangchinyeong)
* 부친 (父親, buchin)
* 사친회 (師親會, sachinhoe)
* 삼친 (三親, samchin)
* 양친 (兩親, yangchin)
* 엄친 (嚴親, eomchin)
* 위친계 (爲親契, wichin'gye)
* 족친 (族親, jokchin)
* 종친 (宗親, jongchin)
* 천선 (親善, cheonseon)
* 친가 (親家, chin'ga)
* 친감 (親監, chin'gam)
* 친교 (親交, chin'gyo)
* 친구 (親舊, chin'gu)
* 친권 (親權, chin'gwon)
* 친근 (親近, chin'geun)
* 친목 (親睦, chinmok)
* 친밀 (親密, chinmil)
* 친밀감 (親密感, chinmilgam)
* 친분 (親分, chinbun)
* 친삼촌 (親三寸, chinsamchon)
* 친서 (親書, chinseo)
* 친속 (親屬, chinsok)
* 친손녀 (親孫女, chinsonnyeo)
* 친손자 (親孫子, chinsonja)
* 친숙 (親熟, chinsuk)
* 친애 (親愛, chinae)
* 친일 (親日, chinil)
* 친자 (親子, chinja)
* 친자식 (親子息, chinjasik)
* 친절 (親切, chinjeol)
* 친정 (親庭, chinjeong)
* 친정 (親征, chinjeong)
* 친족 (親族, chinjok)
* 친지 (親知, chinji)
* 친척 (親戚, chincheok)
* 친형 (親兄, chinhyeong)
* 친형제 (親兄弟, chinhyeongje)
* 친화 (親和, chinhwa)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

親: Hán Nôm readings: thân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.