# 岳

| 岳 | U+5CB3, &#23731; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CB3 |
| ← 岲 [U+5CB2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 岴 → [U+5CB4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

岳 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一山 (OMU), four-corner 7277$_2$, composition ⿱丘山)

#### Related terms

* 山

#### Derived characters

* 𱗀, 捳, 㴈, 𬃆, 𣨡, 𤙿, 𪻬, 𥇸, 𰷇, 𭖯, 𩓥, 𫖵, 𤷝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 309, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8001
* Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 767, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5CB3

## Chinese

* 岳姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Ga̍k (san-pêng) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 岳 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 岳 | *ŋroːɡ |
| 捳 | *ŋroːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 丘 (“hill”) + 山 (“mountain”).

### Etymology 1

Unclear. Compare Proto-North Bahnaric *ŋŏk ("mountain") (> Halang ngŏk and Sedang ŋɔ). Note also Proto-Hlai *hŋwʔo³ (“mountain”) and perhaps also Burmese ငေါ (ngau:), [script needed] (ŋok-ŋak, “project, stick up or out”), [script needed] (ŋroŋʼ, “any sharp thing sticking out; sharp stump or thorn”), and Tibetan རྔོག (rngog, “hump”) (Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT instead derives it from provisional Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (“expensive, at its peak”) and considers it cognate to 極 (OC *N‑kək; N‑k(r)ək, “ridge of house; the highest point; extreme limit, utmost”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kak (“expensive, intense, at its peak”) (> Lisu [script needed] (phy²¹ kha³⁵, “expensive”)), Ersu phɛ⁵⁵ khuɑ⁵⁵ (“expensive”), and Galo `kog dɨr (“peak”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yuè (yue$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngok$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngo̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): ngog$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gah$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ga̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$ngoq; $^8$yoq; $^8$yuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
*** Palladius: юэ (jue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
*** Sinological IPA : /yo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngok$^6$
*** Yale: ngohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngo̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋok̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngog$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋok²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ga̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ga̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gak
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡak̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nga̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋak̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$ngoq; $^8$yoq; $^8$yuq
*** MiniDict: ngoh$^入$; yoh$^入$; yuih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$ngoq; $^5$hhioq; $^5$hhyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋoʔ¹²/, /ɦioʔ¹²/, /ɦyɪʔ¹²/
* $^8$ngoq - colloquial;
* $^8$yoq, $^8$yuq - literary.
* Middle Chinese: ngaewk
Rime :
| Character | 岳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五角切 |
| Baxter | ngaewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤrok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 岳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngæwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ˁrok/ |
| English | mountain, peak |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 岳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16339 |
| Phonetic component | 岳 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嶽 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋroːɡ/ |
| Notes | 同嶽 |

### Definitions

岳
* (alt. form 嶽) tall mountain
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Tiānzǐ jì tiānxià míngshān dàchuān: wǔyuè shì sāngōng, sìdú shì zhūhóu. [Pinyin]
    The Son of Heaven sacrificed to all the famous hills and great streams under the sky: the five mountains receiving (sacrificial) honours like the honours paid (at court) to the three ducal ministers, and the four rivers receiving (sacrificial) honours like those paid to the princes of states.
* (historical) name of a mountain
** in Shang oracle texts, generally interpreted as 嵩山 (Sōng Shān, “Mount Song”) personified as a nature power
    From: Oracle Bone Inscription CZN 147 (1), from collection 殷墟小屯村中村南甲骨 ("Oracle bones from the center and south of Xiaotun village in the Wastes of Yin"). Transliterated and translated in Anderson (2015)
    Rénzǐ bǔ: yòu yú Yuè. [Pinyin]
    Crack-making on rénzǐ (day 49): Make an offering to Yuè.
** Mount Taiyue 太岳山, a.k.a. Mount Huo (霍山) southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCE
    Jì xiū Tàiyuán, zhì yú Yuèyáng. [Pinyin]
    Having repaired the works on Tai-Yuan, he proceeded on to the south of (Mount) Yue.
* parent-in-law
* a surname
    岳飛／岳飞 ― Yuè Fēi ― Yue Fei (Song Dynasty general)

### Compounds

* 五岳 (wǔyuè)
* 五岳四瀆 / 五岳四渎
* 令岳
* 四山五岳
* 四岳
* 山岳 (shānyuè)
* 岳丈 (yuèzhàng)
* 岳伯
* 岳墳 / 岳坟
* 岳家 (yuèjiā)
* 岳家軍 / 岳家军
* 岳岳
* 岳崗 / 岳岗 (Yuègǎng)
* 岳州 (Yuèzhōu)
* 岳底 (Yuèdǐ)
* 岳廟 / 岳庙
* 岳撼山崩 (yuèhàn-shānbēng)
* 岳普湖 (Yuèpǔhú)
* 岳母 (yuèmǔ)
* 岳溪 (Yuèxī)
* 岳父 (yuèfù)
* 岳牧
* 岳陽 / 岳阳 (Yuèyáng)
* 岳陽樓 / 岳阳楼 (Yuèyánglóu)
* 岳飛 / 岳飞 (Yuèfēi)
* 投潘岳果
* 搖山振岳 / 摇山振岳
* 方岳
* 景岳全書 / 景岳全书
* 海岳名言
* 淵渟岳峙 / 渊渟岳峙
* 潘岳白髮 / 潘岳白发
* 潘岳貌美
* 潘岳鬢白 / 潘岳鬓白
* 福如山岳
* 華岳 / 华岳
* 負山戴岳 / 负山戴岳
* 關岳 / 关岳

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 岳 – see 嶽 (“tall mountain; highest peak”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 嶽).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 岳 – see 𩓥 (“to raise one's head”). (This character is a variant form of 𩓥).

### References

* “岳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* ↑ Eno, Robert (2009) “Shang state religion and the pantheon of the oracle texts”, in Lagerway, J. & Kalinowski M., editors, Early Chinese Religion, Part One: Shang through Han (1250 BC-220 AD), page 62
* ↑ 孔安國 (Kong Anguo), quoted in 裴駰 (Pei Yin), 《史记集解》 (Records of the Grand Historian, "Collected Explanations"); quote: (孔安國曰：「太原今為郡名。太嶽在太原西南。山南曰陽。」)
* ↑ 司馬貞 (Sima Zhen), 《史記索隱》 (Records of the Grand Historian, "Seeking the Obscure"); quote: (嶽，太嶽，卽冀州之鎭霍太山也。)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 岳 |
| Kyūjitai | 嶽 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嶽)
* mountain peak
* tall mountain

#### Readings

* Go-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
* Kun: たけ (take, 岳, Jōyō)
* Nanori: たける (takeru)

### Alternative forms

* 嶽

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 岳
* たけ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 嶽 (kyūjitai)
Directly cognate with 丈 (take, “height”). Indirectly cognate with 高 (taka, “height”), 高い (takai, “high”), and 長ける (takeru, “to be high”).

#### Noun

岳(たけ) or 岳(だけ) • (take or dake)
* a tall mountain
* a mountain peak
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 612:Taqe. (タケ) (嶽・岳) 山脈や山の高い所, あるいは, 頂. これの本来の語はDaqe (だけ)である.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Suffix

岳(たけ) or 岳(だけ) • (-take or -dake)
* mount, mountain
    乗(のり)鞍(くら)岳(だけ) ― Norikura-dake ― Mount Norikura

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

岳(たけし) • (Takeshi)
* a male given name

### Etymology 3
#### Proper noun

岳(たける) • (Takeru)
* a male given name

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 岳
* がく Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 嶽 (kyūjitai)

#### Proper noun

岳(がく) • (Gaku)
* a male given name

### References

* Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Hanja

岳 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

岳: Hán Nôm readings: nhạc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.