# 刻

| 刻 | U+523B, &#21051; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-523B |
| ← 刺 [U+523A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 刼 → [U+523C] |
| 刻 | U+2F820, &#194592; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F820 |
| ← 㓟 [U+2F81F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 剆 → [U+2F821] |

## Translingual
### Han character

刻 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人中弓 (YOLN), four-corner 0280$_0$, composition ⿰亥刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𪣫 𢮰 𫋉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1970
* Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 2
* Unihan data for U+523B
* Unihan data for U+2F820

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 該 | *kɯː |
| 垓 | *kɯː |
| 賅 | *kɯː |
| 陔 | *kɯː |
| 豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
| 郂 | *kɯː |
| 姟 | *kɯː |
| 絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 晐 | *kɯː |
| 峐 | *kɯː |
| 侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 胲 | *kɯː |
| 頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
| 奒 | *kʰɯː |
| 輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
| 欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
| 硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 孩 | *ɡɯː |
| 亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
| 劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
| 痎 | *krɯː |
| 烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
| 骸 | *ɡrɯː |
| 駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
| 餩 | *qɯːɡ |
| 核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰɯːɡ): phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 刂.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kè, kē
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ, ㄎㄜ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ke$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hak$^1$ / haak$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hak$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): kiet$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khat / khiet
    (Hailu, HRS): kad
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kêd$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): keh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): kă̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): káik
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): keh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khek / khiak / kherk
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kêg$^4$ / kag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$kheq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kè
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kè
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kē
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ke
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^1$
*** Yale: kē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ke$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ke
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hak$^1$ / haak$^1$
*** Yale: hāk / hāak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hak$^7$ / haak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heg$^1$ / hag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐk̚⁵/, /haːk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hak$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hak̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: kiet$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiɛt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khat / khiet
*** Hakka Romanization System: kad$^ˋ$ / kied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kad$^5$ / kiad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰat̚²/, /kʰi̯et̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kad
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰat⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kêd$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɛt̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: keh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: káik
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: keh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: keh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Anxi, Tong'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek
*** Tâi-lô: khik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qeg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tong'an): /kʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Nan'an): /kʰiɪk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak
*** Tâi-lô: khiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Nan'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kherk
*** Tâi-lô: kherk
*** IPA (Nan'an): /kʰək̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kêg$^4$ / kag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khek / khak
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰek̚²/, /kʰak̚²/
* kêg4 - literary;
* kag4 - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit刻 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰei²¹³/ /kʰɤ⁴⁴/ /kʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰɤ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰə²¹/ /kʰei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰə⁵⁵/ /kʰe⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰa¹³/ /kʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰɤ²¹³/ /kʰei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰe³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰe²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰeʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰə²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰæ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰiɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰet̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰet̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɐk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰaiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xak̚⁵/ 雕～ /xɔk̚⁵/ 一～ |
* Middle Chinese: khok
Rime :
| Character | 刻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦得切 |
| Baxter | khok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ke |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khok › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]ˁək/ |
| English | cut, engrave |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4840 |
| Phonetic component | 亥 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刻 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯːɡ/ |

### Definitions

刻
* to carve; to cut a notch; to engrave
    刻舟求劍／刻舟求剑 ― kèzhōuqiújiàn ― notch the boat in search of the sword
* to draw; to adorn
* to cut; to scratch
* to rigorously demand
* to restrict; to limit
* to damage; to prejudice
* to engrave on one's mind
* unkind; sarcastic; caustic
* urgent; pressing
* assiduous; diligent
* moment in time
    此刻 ― cǐkè ― now [lit. this moment]
* A unit of time.
** (historical) $^1$⁄$_{100}$ of one day; 14.4 minutes
** (modern) quarter of an hour; 15 minutes

### Compounds

* 一刻 (yīkè)
* 一刻千金 (yīkèqiānjīn)
* 一時一刻 / 一时一刻 (yīshíyīkè)
* 一時半刻 / 一时半刻 (yīshíbànkè)
* 不消一刻
* 丹楹刻桷
* 乾刻版 / 干刻版
* 刊刻 (kānkè)
* 刻下 (kèxià)
* 刻不容緩 / 刻不容缓 (kèbùrónghuǎn)
* 刻刀
* 刻制
* 刻刻 (kèkè)
* 刻削
* 刻剝 / 刻剥
* 刻劃 / 刻划 (kèhuà)
* 刻印 (kèyìn)
* 刻可
* 刻字 (kèzì)
* 刻寫 / 刻写 (kèxiě)
* 刻峭
* 刻工 (kègōng)
* 刻度 (kèdù)
* 刻意 (kèyì)
* 刻日 (kèrì)
* 刻書 / 刻书
* 刻期 (kèqī)
* 刻木為吏 / 刻木为吏
* 刻本 (kèběn)
* 刻板 (kèbǎn)
* 刻板印象 (kèbǎn yìnxiàng)
* 刻毒 (kèdú)
* 刻深
* 刻漏 (kèlòu)
* 刻燭賦詩 / 刻烛赋诗
* 刻版印書 / 刻版印书
* 刻畫 / 刻画 (kèhuà)
* 刻畫入微 / 刻画入微
* 刻畫無鹽 / 刻画无盐
* 刻痕
* 刻石 (kèshí)
* 刻符
* 刻絲 / 刻丝 (kèsī)
* 刻肌刻骨
* 刻舟求劍 / 刻舟求剑 (kèzhōuqiújiàn)
* 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
* 刻苦耐勞 / 刻苦耐劳
* 刻著
* 刻薄 (kèbó)
* 刻薄寡恩
* 刻記 / 刻记
* 刻責 / 刻责
* 刻足適屨 / 刻足适屦
* 刻轢 / 刻轹
* 刻鏤 / 刻镂 (kèlòu)
* 刻鏤刀 / 刻镂刀
* 刻骨 (kègǔ)
* 刻骨銘心 / 刻骨铭心 (kègǔmíngxīn)
* 刻骨鏤心 / 刻骨镂心
* 刻鵠 / 刻鹄
* 刻鵠類鶩 / 刻鹄类鹜
* 功在漏刻
* 千金一刻
* 半刻 (bànkè)
* 半刻工夫
* 半日片刻
* 即刻 (jíkè)
* 叢刻 / 丛刻
* 合刻
* 嗇刻 / 啬刻 (sèke)
* 嚴刻 / 严刻 (yánkè)
* 坊刻本
* 大足石刻
* 官刻本
* 家刻本
* 少刻 (shǎokè)
* 尖刻 (jiānkè)
* 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
* 峻刻
* 嶧山刻石 / 峄山刻石
* 平面雕刻
* 引商刻羽
* 彫刻 / 雕刻 (diāokè)
* 彫蟲篆刻 / 雕虫篆刻
* 微刻 (wēikè)
* 忌刻 (jìkè)
* 掊刻
* 摹刻
* 摩崖石刻
* 時刻 / 时刻 (shíkè)
* 時刻不忘 / 时刻不忘
* 時刻表 / 时刻表 (shíkèbiǎo)
* 時時刻刻 / 时时刻刻 (shíshíkèkè)
* 晷刻
* 木刻 (mùkè)
* 木刻水印
* 木刻畫 / 木刻画
* 此刻 (cǐkè)
* 此時此刻 / 此时此刻 (cǐshícǐkè)
* 毛刻本
* 求劍刻舟 / 求剑刻舟
* 泰山刻石
* 深刻 (shēnkè)
* 漏刻
* 漏刻之間 / 漏刻之间
* 無時無刻 / 无时无刻 (wúshíwúkè)
* 片刻 (piànkè)
* 片刻不停
* 片刻不離 / 片刻不离
* 版刻 (bǎnkè)
* 瓷刻
* 痛心刻骨
* 百刻
* 石刻 (shíkè)
* 石刻史料
* 磨刻
* 秦刻石
* 立刻 (lìkè)
* 立時三刻 / 立时三刻
* 立時立刻 / 立时立刻
* 竹刻
* 篆刻 (zhuànkè)
* 精雕細刻 / 精雕细刻
* 缺刻
* 翻刻 (fānkè)
* 翻刻本
* 膚如刻畫 / 肤如刻画
* 苛刻 (kēkè)
* 蝕刻 / 蚀刻
* 裒刻
* 豐取刻與 / 丰取刻与
* 銘刻 / 铭刻 (míngkè)
* 銘心刻骨 / 铭心刻骨
* 鏤刻 / 镂刻
* 鏤心刻骨 / 镂心刻骨
* 鐫刻 / 镌刻 (juānkè)
* 閔刻本 / 闵刻本
* 關鍵時刻 / 关键时刻
* 附刻本
* 雕刻 (diāokè)
* 雕刻刀
* 雕刻匠
* 雕刻家 (diāokèjiā)
* 雕蟲篆刻 / 雕虫篆刻
* 頃刻 / 顷刻 (qǐngkè)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 刻 |
| Kyūjitai | 刻󠄂 刻+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* engrave, carve
* moment in time

#### Readings

* Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kun: きざむ (kizamu, 刻む, Jōyō)、きざみ (kizami, 刻み)、とき (toki, 刻)
* Nanori: とき (toki)

#### Compounds

* 刻(こく)印(いん) (kokuin)
* 刻(こく)限(げん) (kokugen)
* 遅(ち)刻(こく) (chikoku)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 298 (paper), page 199 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 222 (paper), page 123 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 刻 (MC khok). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆨ (kok) (Yale: kok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 刻 (eumhun 새길 각 (saegil gak))
* hanja form of 각 (“engrave, carve”)

#### Compounds

* 각박 (刻薄, gakbak)
* 각인 (刻印, gagin)
* 부각 (浮刻, bugak)
* 시각 (時刻, sigak)
* 심각 (深刻, simgak)
* 조각 (彫刻, jogak)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

刻: Hán Nôm readings: khắc, gắt, khắt, khấc, lắc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.