# 瑞

| 瑞 | U+745E, &#29790; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-745E |
| ← 瑝 [U+745D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瑟 → [U+745F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瑞 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一土山一月 (MGUMB), four-corner 1212$_7$, composition ⿰𤣩耑)

#### Derived characters

* 𠿩, 𥵇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 738, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21131
* Dae Jaweon: page 1148, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1126, character 10
* Unihan data for U+745E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瑞 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 揣 | *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ |
| 褍 | *toːlʔ, *toːn |
| 惴 | *tjols |
| 圌 | *djol, *djon |
| 篅 | *djol, *djon |
| 瑞 | *djols |
| 端 | *toːn |
| 剬 | *toːn, *tjonʔ |
| 偳 | *toːn, *tʰoːn |
| 鍴 | *toːn |
| 耑 | *toːn |
| 踹 | *toːns, *djonʔ |
| 湍 | *tʰoːn, *tjon |
| 煓 | *tʰoːn |
| 貒 | *tʰoːn, *tʰoːns |
| 諯 | *stʰons, *tjon, *tʰjons, *djon |
| 顓 | *tjon |
| 喘 | *tʰjonʔ |
| 遄 | *djon |
| 輲 | *djon |
| 椯 | *djon |
| 歂 | *djon, *djonʔ |
| 腨 | *djonʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djols): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): ruì (rui$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄟˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sui$^4$ / rui$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seoi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhui$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sui
    (Hailu, HRS): sui$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sui$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): sôi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sui$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sui$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ruì
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ruèi
*** Wade–Giles: jui$^4$
*** Yale: rwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruey
*** Palladius: жуй (žuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sui$^4$ / rui$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sui / rhui
*** Sinological IPA : /suei²¹³/, /zuei²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seoi$^6$
*** Yale: seuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵy̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬui³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sui
*** Hakka Romanization System: sui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /su̯i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sui$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sui¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /suɪ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /sy⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sôi
*** Sinological IPA : /sui²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬui²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sūi
*** Tâi-lô: suī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sui
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sui²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sui³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sui$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sŭi
*** Sinological IPA : /sui³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zoe
*** MiniDict: zoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xyei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit瑞 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐuei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /luei²¹³/ /ʐuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʐuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /luei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂue⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐuei³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fɨ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /suei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /suei¹³/ /zuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /suei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂuei²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐuəi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂue⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zuei⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suei³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐuei⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zø²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ze³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zz̩ʷei¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zz̩²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕye²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕyei⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕyəi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sui²¹/ ～金 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sui⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sui⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søy²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sui²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /søy²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sui²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suɔi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sui³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sui³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzyweH
Rime :
| Character | 瑞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (12) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 是僞切 |
| Baxter | dzyweH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiuᴇ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑʷiɛ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjuɛ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑwiə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiue$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑǐwe$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑwie̯$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]or-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djols/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瑞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ruì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzywe$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]or-s/ |
| English | jade tablet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瑞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2499 |
| Phonetic component | 耑 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 睡 |
| Old Chinese | /*djols/ |

### Definitions

瑞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) token made of jade
* auspicious omen
* auspicious
* a surname

### Compounds

* 亞科瑞克 / 亚科瑞克 (yàkēruìkè)
* 人瑞 (rénruì)
* 仁瑞
* 仙蒂瑞拉
* 六瑞
* 國家祥瑞 / 国家祥瑞
* 國瑞 / 国瑞
* 天中五瑞
* 天瑞
* 委內瑞拉 / 委内瑞拉 (Wěinèiruìlā)
* 格瑞那達 / 格瑞那达 (Géruìnàdá)
* 海瑞罷官 / 海瑞罢官
* 瑞兆 (ruìzhào)
* 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn)
* 瑞典王國 / 瑞典王国
* 瑞士 (Ruìshì)
* 瑞士聯邦 / 瑞士联邦 (Ruìshì Liánbāng)
* 瑞平 (Ruìpíng)
* 瑞徵 / 瑞征
* 瑞應 / 瑞应
* 瑞氣 / 瑞气
* 瑞氣祥雲 / 瑞气祥云
* 瑞爾 / 瑞尔 (ruì'ěr)
* 瑞獸 / 瑞兽
* 瑞玉
* 瑞相
* 瑞穗 (Ruìsuì)
* 瑞穗鄉 / 瑞穗乡
* 瑞符
* 瑞簽 / 瑞签
* 瑞腦 / 瑞脑
* 瑞芳 (Ruìfāng)
* 瑞芝
* 瑞草 (ruìcǎo)
* 瑞雪 (ruìxuě)
* 瑞雲 / 瑞云
* 瑞靄 / 瑞霭
* 瑞香
* 瑞麥 / 瑞麦
* 瑞龍 / 瑞龙 (Ruìlóng)
* 皮瑞
* 祥瑞 (xiángruì)
* 祥雲瑞彩 / 祥云瑞彩 (xiángyúnruìcǎi)
* 祥雲瑞氣 / 祥云瑞气
* 祥麟瑞鳳 / 祥麟瑞凤
* 符瑞
* 賴比瑞亞 / 赖比瑞亚 (Làibǐruìyà)
* 門闌藹瑞 / 门阑蔼瑞

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* congratulations

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずい (zui, 瑞)
* Kan-on: すい (sui, 瑞)
* Kun: みず (mizu, 瑞)、しるし (shirushi, 瑞)、めでたい (medetai, 瑞い)
* Nanori: たま (tama)、みつ (mitsu)

#### Compounds

* 瑞(ずい)気(き) (zuiki)
* 瑞(ずい)祥(しょう) (zuishō)
* 瑞(すい)西(す) (suisu)
* 瑞(ずい)兆(ちょう) (zuichō)
* 瑞(ずい)鶴(かく) (zuikaku)
* 瑞(ずい)夢(む) (zuimu)
* 瑞(みず)垣(がき) (mizugaki)
* 瑞(みず)穂(ほ) (mizuho)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)

### Hanja

瑞 (eumhun 상서로울 서 (sangseoroul seo))
* hanja form of 서 (“auspicious; lucky”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瑞: Hán Nôm readings: thụy/thuỵ, thụy/thuỵ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.