OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# maklum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay maklum, from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈmaʔlum/ [ˈmaʔ.lʊm]
* Rhymes: -aʔlum
* Syllabification: mak‧lum

### Verb

maklum
* (now uncommon) to know, to be aware of, to be acquainted with
    Synonym: paham

### Adjective

maklum
* (uncommon) well-informed

### Conjunction

maklum
* (colloquial, used only at the beginning of a sentence) because
    Synonyms: gara-gara, karena

### Further reading

* “maklum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm). Doublet of alam, alim, ilmu, malim, maklumat, mualim, and pengalaman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʔlum/
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ˈmäʔlʊm], [ˈmäʔlom]

### Verb

maklum (Jawi spelling معلوم)
* (transitive) to inform; to tell
* (intransitive) to know

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pemaklum [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* pemakluman [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* makluman [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* memaklumkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* memaklumi [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* dimaklumkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* dimaklumi [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
* termaklum [agentless action] (teR-)
* bermaklum [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* mempermaklumkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
* dipermaklumkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* maklum balas

### Adjective

maklum (Jawi spelling معلوم)
* well-informed

### Further reading

* “maklum” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Adolph
## English
### Alternative forms

* Adolf

### Etymology

Variant spelling of Adolf.

### Pronunciation

* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˈeɪ.dɔlf/, /ˈæ.dɔlf/, /-dɑlf/
* (UK) IPA: /ˈæ.dɒlf/

### Proper noun

Adolph (plural Adolphs)
* A male given name from the Germanic languages.
* A surname.

#### Related terms

* Adolphus

#### Translations
### References

* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “Adolph”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* Opdahl, pholad

## German
### Proper noun

Adolph
* a male given name from the Germanic languages, variant of Adolf
# Gabinu
## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Late Latin Gabīnus, possibly derived from Classical Latin Gabiī, name of an ancient city in Latium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈβinu/

### Proper noun

Gabinu m
* (Logudorese) a male given name from Late Latin, equivalent to Campidanese Gavinu, Sassarese Gabinu, Gallurese Gavinu, or Italian Gavino; diminutive form Bainzu
* (Nuorese) a male given name from Late Latin, equivalent to Campidanese Gavinu, Sassarese Gabinu, Gallurese Gavinu, or Italian Gavino; diminutive form Gabinzu

### References

* ↑ Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

## Sassarese
### Etymology

From Late Latin Gabīnus, possibly derived from Classical Latin Gabiī, name of an ancient city in Latium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈβinu/

### Proper noun

Gabinu m
* a male given name from Late Latin, equivalent to Logudorese Gabinu, Nuorese Gabinu, Campidanese Gavinu, Gallurese Gavinu, or Italian Gavino; diminutive form Bainzu
** 1957, Salvator Ruju, “Figgiurendi a mè matèssi in d’un “brunzu” di G. Tilocca [Looking at myself in a "bronze" by G. Tilocca]”, in Sassari véccia e nóba [Old and new Sassari]; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 237:Gabinu méiu, e chi ti pòssu dì? paràuri nò n’aggiuMy dear Gabinu, what can I tell you? I have no words

### References

* ↑ Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
# försoning
## Swedish
### Etymology

försona +‎ -ning

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

försoning c
* reconciliation, atonement
    tillika skolen I offra en syndoffersbock till att bringa försoning för eder.
       And one goat [for] a sin offering, to make an atonement for you. (Numbers 28:22)
    Ty om redan deras förkastelse hade med sig världens försoning, vad skall då deras upptagande hava med sig, om icke liv från de döda?
       For if the casting away of them [be] the reconciling of the world, what [shall] the receiving [of them be], but life from the dead? (Romans 11:15)
    ett tempel för allkristliga möten och försoningar
       a temple for cross-denominational meetings and reconciliations

#### Related terms

* försona
* försoningsdag
* försoningskommission
* försoningslära
* försoningsoffer
* försonlig

### Further reading

* försoning in Svensk ordbok.
# Արշակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian Արշակ (Aršak)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾˈʃɑk/, [ɑɾʃɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾˈʃɑɡ/, [ɑɾʃɑ́ɡ]

### Proper noun

Արշակ • (Aršak)
* a male given name, Arshak or Arshag

#### Derived terms

* Արշակյան (Aršakyan)

#### Descendants

* → English: Arshag, Arshak
* → French: Archag

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Parthian 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 (Aršak).

### Proper noun

Արշակ • (Aršak)
* a male given name, Arshak, equivalent to English Arsaces

#### Derived terms

* Արշակունի (Aršakuni)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: Արշակ (Aršak) (learned)

### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Արշակ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
* Anonymous disciples of Mxitʻar Sebastacʻi (1769) “Արշակ”, in Baṙgirkʻ Haykazean lezui. Baṙaran yatuk anuancʻ [Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Dictionary of Proper Names]‎ (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# adhves
## Cornish
### Etymology

Compare Welsh aeddfed.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaðvɛs/

### Adjective

adhves
* ripe, mature

### References

* “adhves” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.
# norweste
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish noroeste (“northwest”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /noɾˈweste/ [n̪oɾˈwɛs.t̪ɛ]
* Rhymes: -este
* Syllabification: nor‧wes‧te

### Noun

norweste (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ) (uncommon)
* northwest (compass point)
    Synonym: hilagang kanluran

#### Coordinate terms

| hilagang kanluran norweste | hilaga norte | hilagang silangan nordeste |
| oksidente kanluran oeste | | oryente silangan este |
| salatan timog-kanluran | sur timog | timog-silangan |

#### Related terms

* norte
* oeste

### Adjective

norweste (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ) (uncommon)
* northwest
    Synonym: hilagang kanluran

### Further reading

* “norweste”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# адреси
## Bulgarian
### Noun

адре́си • (adrési)
* indefinite plural of адре́с (adrés)

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈadrɛsi]

### Noun

адреси • (adresi)
* indefinite plural of адреса (adresa)

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: [ɐˈdrɛse]

#### Noun

адре́си • (adrésy) f inan (form)
* genitive singular accusative/vocative plural of адре́са (adrésa)

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: [ˈadrese]

#### Noun

адреси́ • (adresý) m inan
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of а́дрес (ádres)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “адреси”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “адреси”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “адреси”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “адреси”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “адреси”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ปลิ้น
## Thai
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *pliːnꟲ (“to turn upside down or inside out”).
Cognate with Zhuang bienj (“to flip”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ปลิ้น p l i ˆ n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ปฺลิ้น p ̥ l i ˆ n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | bplîn |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | plin |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /plin˥˩/ |

### Verb

ปลิ้น • (bplîn) (abstract noun การปลิ้น)
* to turn inside out.

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 350
# Alec
## English
### Alternative forms

* Aleck, Alek

### Etymology

Clipping of Alexander

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈælɪk/
* Hyphenation: Al‧ec

### Proper noun

Alec
* A diminutive of the male given name Alexander, from Ancient Greek, of Scottish origin.

#### See also

* Alex
* Alexander
* smart aleck
* Xander

### Anagrams

* Cael, acle, Cela, alce, cale, lace, Clea, Acle

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈal.ɪk/

### Proper noun

Alec m
* a male given name from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

Heini Gruffudd (2010) Enwau Cymraeg i Blant / Welsh Names for Children‎, Y Lolfa, →ISBN, page 13
# Franzischu
## Sassarese
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin Franciscus, derived from Classical Latin Francia (“land of the Franks, Francia”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /franˈt͡sixxu/

### Proper noun

Franzischu m
* a male given name from Medieval Latin, equivalent to Logudorese Frantziscu, Italian Francesco, Spanish Francisco, or French François
** 1957, Salvator Ruju, “Santu Franzischu di la funtana [Saint Francis of the fountain]”, in Sassari véccia e nóba [Old and new Sassari]; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 246:Santu Franzischu, candu carasòri ed è l’Avemaria e prégu, a me mi pari chi i l’èba di la bazza vi sia la lùzi bèdda di lu zéru.Saint Francis, when it's sunset, and it's the Angelus, and I'm praying, it seems to me the beautiful light of the sky is in the water of the basin.

### References

* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
# rörlig
## Swedish
### Etymology

röra +‎ -lig

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²rœɭɪ(ɡ)/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rörlig (comparative rörligare, superlative rörligast)
* moving, mobile, agile, flexible

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Related terms

* orörlig
* rörlighet

### Further reading

* rörlig in Svensk ordbok.
# Անդրանիկ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From անդրանիկ (andranik, “firstborn”). Unrelated to Ancient Greek Ἀνδρόνικος (Andrónikos).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑndɾɑˈnik/, [ɑndɾɑník]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑntɾɑˈniɡ/, [ɑntʰɾɑníɡ]

### Proper noun

Անդրանիկ • (Andranik)
* a male given name, Andranik or Antranig

#### Derived terms

* Անդո (Ando) (pet form)

#### Descendants

* → Persian: آندرانیک (ândrânik, ânderânik)
* → Russian: Андрани́к (Andraník)

### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Անդրանիկ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
# addya
## Cornish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈædjə/

### Verb

addya
* (Standard Cornish, Standard Written Form) to add

### References

* “addya” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.
# Indonésié
## Musi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Dutch Indonesië, ultimately from Greek Ινδόςνησιά (Indósnisiá), compound of Ινδός (Indós, “indigenous”) +‎ νησιά (nisiá, “islands”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn.dɔ.nɛ.sɪ.jɛ/
* Hyphenation: In‧do‧né‧si‧é

### Proper noun

Indonésié
* Indonesia (a country in Southeast Asia)

#### See also

* Afghanistan
* Arab Saudi
* Arab Émirat Sekebat
* Arménié
* Azérbaijan
* Bahrain
* Banglédes
* Berunéi
* Bhutan
* Filipiné
* Georgié
* Indié
* Indonésié
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Jepang
* Jogdan
* Kazakstan
* Kembojé
* Kirgistan
* Koréa Ilo
* Koréa Ulu
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Lébanon
* Malédewé
* Malésié
* Miyanmar
* Mongolié
* Népal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Paléstiné
* Qatar
* Rusié
* Seri Langké
* Singépuré
* Siperus
* Siriyé
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailén
* Timor Lésté
* Tiongkoq
* Turkiyé
* Turkménistan
* Usbékistan
* Viétnam
* Yaman

### Further reading

* mui:Indonésié on the Musi Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{mui}$
# качки
## Russian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkat͡ɕkʲɪ]

#### Noun

ка́чки • (káčki) f inan or f inan pl
* inflection of ка́чка (káčka):
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɐt͡ɕˈkʲi]

#### Noun

качки́ • (kačkí) m anim pl
* nominative plural of качо́к (kačók)

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkat͡ʃke]

### Noun

ка́чки • (káčky) f animal
* inflection of ка́чка (káčka):
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural
# だいげんすいみょうおう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of だいげんすいみょうおう – see the following entry. :
| 【大元帥明王】 | [proper noun] Atavaka (Buddhist deity) Alternative spelling だいげんみょうおう |
(This term, だいげんすいみょうおう (daigensuimyōō), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# Erica
## Translingual
### Etymology

New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē)

### Proper noun

Erica f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Ericaceae – heaths and heathers.
* A taxonomic genus within the family Salticidae – certain jumping spiders.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus of heaths etc): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots, core eudicots, asterids – clades; Ericales – order; Ericaceae – family; Ericoideae - subfamily; Ericeae - tribe

#### Hyponyms

* (genus of heaths etc): Erica subg. Chlamydanthe, Erica subg. Ectasis, Erica subg. Erica, Erica subg. Platystoma, Erica subg. Stellanthe, Erica subg. Syringodea – subgenera
** Erica cinerea (bell heather) – type species; Erica arborea (tree heath), Erica sociorum (partner heath) – selected other species
* (genus of spiders): Erica eugenia – sole species

### References

* Erica on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Erica (jumping spider) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Erica (Ericaceae) on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Erica (Araneae) on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Erica on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Erica at USDA Plants database

## English
### Alternative forms

* Erika
* Ericka
* Erykah

### Etymology

A feminine form of Eric, ultimately from Old Norse. The name has also been associated with the flower genus.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɛɹɪkə

### Proper noun

Erica
* A female given name from the Germanic languages or Old Norse.
** 1994, Erica Jong, Fear of Fifty, page 140:But Erica Mann Jong is, alas, just as patriarchal as Erica Jong. When Thomas Mann's daughter, Erika, was alive, the confusion of names bothered me. My parents had met and admired Thomas Mann. They loved his daughter's name and wished creativity upon me. Erica means white flower in German, and queen in old Scandinavian, but to them, it meant writer.

#### Related terms

* Eric

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Ciera, areic, ceria

## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as Erica in 1867. Derived from New Latin Erica (“heath”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeː.ri.kaː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Eri‧ca

### Proper noun

Erica n
* A village in Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Erica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.ʁi.ka/

### Proper noun

Erica
* a female given name, a less common variant of Érica

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Erica
* a female given name, a less common variant of Erika

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eˈɾika/ [eˈɾi.ka]
* Rhymes: -ika
* Syllabification: E‧ri‧ca

### Proper noun

Erica f
* a female given name, variant of Erika

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Erica c (genitive Ericas)
* a female given name, a less common spelling of Erika
# மூஸா
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُوسَى (mūsā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muːsaː/

### Proper noun

மூஸா • (mūsā)
* (Islam) The Prophet Moses (as known in Islam)
* a male given name from Arabic

#### See also

* ஆதாம் (ātām)
* இத்ரீஸ் (itrīs)
* நூஹ் (nūh)
* ஹுத் (hut)
* ஸாலிஹ் (sālih)
* இப்ராஹிம் (iprāhim)
* லூத் (lūt)
* இஸ்மாயீல் (ismāyīl)
* இஸ்ஹாக் (ishāk)
* யஃகூப் (yaḥkūp)
* யூஸுஃப் (yūsuf)
* அய்யூப் (ayyūp)
* ஷுஐப் (ṣu’aip)
* மூஸா (mūsā)
* ஹாரூன் (hārūṉ)
* தாவூத் (tāvūt)
* ஸுலைமான் (sulaimāṉ)
* யூனுஸ் (yūṉus)
* இல்யாஸ் (ilyās)
* அல்யஸவு (alyasavu)
* ஜகரிய்யா (jakariyyā)
* யஹ்யா (yahyā)
* ஈஸா (īsā)
* முஹம்மது (muhammatu)
# begränsad
## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Participle

begränsad
* past participle of begränsa

### Adjective

begränsad (comparative mer begränsad, superlative mest begränsad)
* limited, small, narrow
    Antonym: obegränsad

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Related terms

* avgränsad

### Further reading

* begränsad in Svensk ordbok.
# Քնարիկ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From քնար (kʻnar) +‎ -իկ (-ik).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰənɑˈɾik/, [kʰənɑɾík]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kənɑˈɾiɡ/, [kʰənɑɾíɡ]

### Proper noun

Քնարիկ • (Kʻnarik)
* a female given name, Knarik or Knarig, transferred from the common noun

#### Declension
### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Քնարիկ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
# -анин
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* -ча́нин (-čánin)

### Pronunciation

* а́нин: IPA: [ˈanʲɪn]
* ани́н: IPA: [ɐˈnʲin] (after hushing consonants)

### Suffix

-а́нин or -ани́н • (-ánin or -anín)
* Alternative form of -я́нин, -яни́н (-jánin, -janín)

#### Usage notes

* The corresponding feminine ends in -а́нка (-ánka).

#### Derived terms
## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* -јанин, -љанин

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Suffix

-анин (Latin spelling -anin)
* Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting an inhabitant.

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* -я́нин (-jányn), -яни́н (-janýn)

### Pronunciation

* -а́нин: IPA: [ ˈanen]
* -ани́н: IPA: [ ɐˈnɪn]

### Suffix

-анин • (-anyn) m (plural -а́ни, feminine -анка)
* Alternative form of -я́нин, -яни́н (-jányn, -janýn)

#### Usage notes

* The corresponding feminine ends in -а́нка (-ánka)
# juhpásztor
## Hungarian
### Etymology

juh (“sheep”) +‎ pásztor (“herder”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjupaːstor]
* Hyphenation: juh‧pász‧tor
* Rhymes: -or

### Noun

juhpásztor (plural juhpásztorok)
* shepherd
    Synonym: juhász

#### Coordinate terms

* (terms for herders) pásztor (senior: számadó, junior: bojtár), gulyás, csikós, juhász, kondás/kanász, csordás/csürhés, also: disznópásztor, juhpásztor, kecskepásztor, libapásztor, lópásztor, marhapásztor/tehénpásztor
# 㺜

| 㺜 | U+3E9C, &#16028; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3E9C |
| ← 㺛 [U+3E9B] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 㺝 → [U+3E9D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

㺜 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 大竹廿田女 (KHTWV), composition ⿰犭農)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1371, character 13
* Unihan data for U+3E9C

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nóng (nong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nung$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
*** Wade–Giles: nung$^2$
*** Yale: núng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
*** Palladius: нун (nun)
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nung$^4$
*** Yale: nùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: nowng, nraew, naw
Rime :
| Character | 㺜 | 㺜 | 㺜 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 娘 (12) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 肴 (90) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II | I |
| Fanqie | 奴冬切 | 女交切 | 奴刀切 |
| Baxter | nowng | nraew | naw |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nuoŋ/ | /ɳˠau/ | /nɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nuoŋ/ | /ɳᵚau/ | /nɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /noŋ/ | /nau/ | /nɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nawŋ/ | /ɳaɨw/ | /naw/ |
| Li Rong | /noŋ/ | /nau/ | /nɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /nuoŋ/ | /nau/ | /nɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nuoŋ/ | /nau/ | /nɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nóng | náo | náo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nung$^4$ | naau$^4$ | nou$^4$ |

### Definitions

㺜
* fierce dog with long shaggy hair
* (historical, derogatory) an old name for a part of the Miao nationality (in southwestern China)
# makmal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay makmal, from Arabic مَعْمَل (maʕmal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmaʔmal]
* Hyphenation: mak‧mal

### Noun

makmal (plural)
* (dialect) laboratory.
    Synonym: laboratorium

### Further reading

* “makmal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic مَعْمَل (maʕmal).

### Noun

makmal (Jawi spelling معمل, plural makmal-makmal, informal 1st possessive makmalku, 2nd possessive makmalmu, 3rd possessive makmalnya)
* laboratory

#### Synonyms

* laboratorium (Indonesia)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: makmal

### Further reading

* “makmal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.