# 濼

| 濼 | U+6FFC, &#28668; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FFC |
| ← 濻 [U+6FFB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濽 → [U+6FFD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濼 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 水女戈木 (EVID), four-corner 3219$_4$, composition ⿰氵樂)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 658, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18563
* Dae Jaweon: page 1068, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1779, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6FFC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濼 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 樂 | *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ |
| 轢 | *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 濼 | *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ |
| 躒 | *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 擽 | *rawɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 爍 | *qʰljawɢ |
| 鑠 | *qʰljawɢ |
| 藥 | *lawɢ |
| 櫟 | *lawɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 纅 | *lawɢ |
| 礫 | *reːwɢ |
| 瓅 | *reːwɢ |
| 皪 | *reːwɢ |
| 觻 | *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ |
| 嚛 | *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pō, bó, pò (po$^1$, bo$^2$, po$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛ, ㄅㄛˊ, ㄆㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bok$^6$ / pok$^3$ / baak$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pō
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: po
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^1$
*** Yale: pwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: po
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pò
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pò
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bok$^6$ / pok$^3$ / baak$^3$
*** Yale: bohk / pok / baak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bok$^9$ / pok$^8$ / baak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bog$^6$ / pog$^3$ / bag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːk̚²/, /pʰɔːk̚³/, /paːk̚³/
* Middle Chinese: phuwk, phak
Rime :
| Character | 濼 | 濼 |
| Reading # | 2/6 | 5/6 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) | 鐸 (104) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 普木切 | 匹各切 |
| Baxter | phuwk | phak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuk̚/ | /pʰwɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰuk̚/ | /pʰʷɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰuk̚/ | /pʰuɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰəwk̚/ | /pʰwak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰuk̚/ | /pʰuɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰuk̚/ | /pʰuɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰuk̚/ | /pʰwɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pu | po |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | puk$^1$ | pok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pqʰlaːwɢ/, /*pqʰloːwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濼 | 濼 |
| Reading # | 1/6 | 4/6 |
| No. | 7672 | 7693 |
| Phonetic component | 樂 | 樂 |
| Rime group | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩔈 | 扑 |
| Old Chinese | /*pqʰlaːwɢ/ | /*pqʰloːwɢ/ |

#### Definitions

濼
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 泊 (“lake”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luò (luo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lok$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luò
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luò
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^4$
*** Yale: lwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
*** Palladius: ло (lo)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lok$^6$
*** Yale: lohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: log$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: lak
Rime :
| Character | 濼 |
| Reading # | 4/6 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧各切 |
| Baxter | lak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | luò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 濼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | luò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁawk/ |
| English | (name of a river) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濼 |
| Reading # | 2/6 |
| No. | 7676 |
| Phonetic component | 樂 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 落 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːwɢ/ |

#### Definitions

濼
* A river in Shandong province, see 濼水／泺水.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lù (lu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): luk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lù
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lù
*** Wade–Giles: lu$^4$
*** Yale: lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
*** Palladius: лу (lu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: luk$^6$
*** Yale: luhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: luk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: luwk, lowk
Rime :
| Character | 濼 | 濼 |
| Reading # | 1/6 | 3/6 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) | 沃 (6) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 盧谷切 | 盧毒切 |
| Baxter | luwk | lowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luk̚/ | /luok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luk̚/ | /luok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luk̚/ | /lok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləwk̚/ | /lawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /luk̚/ | /lok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /luk̚/ | /luok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luk̚/ | /luok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lù | lù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | luk$^6$ | luk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*roːwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濼 | 濼 |
| Reading # | 5/6 | 6/6 |
| No. | 7695 | 7697 |
| Phonetic component | 樂 | 樂 |
| Rime group | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 禄 | 濼 |
| Old Chinese | /*roːwɢ/ | /*roːwɢ/ |

#### Definitions

濼
* name of a river

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lik$^1$
*** Yale: līk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: lek
Rime :
| Character | 濼 |
| Reading # | 6/6 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎擊切 |
| Baxter | lek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /liek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /liek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濼 |
| Reading # | 3/6 |
| No. | 7691 |
| Phonetic component | 樂 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靂 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːwɢ/ |
| Notes | 見爾雅 |

#### Definitions

濼
* A herb used in Chinese medicine, see 貫眾／贯众 (guànzhòng)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02333
* “濼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ろく (roku)、ほく (hoku)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濼: Hán Nôm readings: lạc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.