# 菅

| 菅 | U+83C5, &#33733; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83C5 |
| ← 菄 [U+83C4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菆 → [U+83C6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菅 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿十口口 (TJRR), four-corner 4477$_7$, composition ⿱艹官)
* coarse grass, Themeda forskalii

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1036, character 51
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31142
* Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3240, character 10
* Unihan data for U+83C5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 官 | *koːn |
| 棺 | *koːn, *koːns |
| 倌 | *koːn, *kroːns |
| 悹 | *koːn, *koːnʔ, *koːns |
| 涫 | *koːn, *koːns |
| 管 | *koːnʔ |
| 琯 | *koːnʔ, *kuːns |
| 痯 | *koːnʔ, *koːns |
| 輨 | *koːnʔ |
| 錧 | *koːnʔ, *koːns |
| 館 | *koːnʔ, *koːns |
| 婠 | *koːns, *qoːn, *qruːd |
| 悺 | *koːns |
| 逭 | *ɡoːns |
| 菅 | *kroːn |
| 綰 | *qroːnʔ, *qroːns |
| 捾 | *qoːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːn): semantic 艹 + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn) – a type of grass.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiān (jian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): găng / guāng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kan / koaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaan$^1$
*** Yale: gāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːn⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: găng / guāng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ⁵⁵/, /kuaŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan / koaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kan / kuann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafn, kvoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/, /kuã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴/
* kan - literary;
* koaⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: kaen
Rime :
| Character | 菅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古顔切 |
| Baxter | kaen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /kan/ |
| Wang Li | /kan/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4457 |
| Phonetic component | 官 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 姦 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːn/ |

### Definitions

菅
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a variety of grass (clarification of this definition is needed)
* a surname

### Compounds

* 草菅 (cǎojiān)
* 草菅人命 (cǎojiānrénmìng)
* 菅屨 / 菅屦

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: すげ (suge, 菅)、すが (suga, 菅)
* Nanori: す (su)、すご (sugo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 菅
* すげ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
⟨suɡe$_2$⟩ → */suɡəɨ/ → /suɡe/
From Old Japanese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すげ [sùgé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sɨɡe̞]

#### Noun

菅(すげ) or 菅(スゲ) • (suge)
* a sedge

##### Derived terms

* 菅掻(すががき) (sugagaki)
* 菅笠(すげがさ) (sugegasa)
* 菅蓑(すげみの) (sugemino)
* 畦菅(アゼスゲ) (azesuge)
* 岩(いわ)根(ね)菅(すげ) (iwane suge)
* 河原(カワラ)菅(スゲ) (kawara suge)
* 寒菅(カンスゲ) (kansuge)
* 猩々菅(ショウジョウスゲ) (shōjō suge)
* 岳菅(ダケスゲ) (dakesuge)
* 菜(ナ)切(キリ)菅(スゲ) (nakirisuge)
* 鳴子菅(ナルコスゲ) (naruko suge)
* 浜菅(ハマスゲ) (hama suge)
* 針菅(ハリスゲ) (harisuge)
* 髭菅(ヒゲスゲ) (higesuge)
* 山菅(やますげ) (yamasuge)
* 夕菅(ユウスゲ) (yūsuge)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 菅
* すが Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
The bound apophonic form of suge above.

#### Noun

菅(すが) • (suga)
* (rare or in compounds) a sedge

##### Derived terms

* 菅凧(すがだこ) (sugadako)
* 菅(すが)貫(ぬ)く (suganuku)
* 菅蓑(すがみの) (sugamino)
* 菅原(すがはら) (Sugahara)
* 菅(すが)藻(も) (sugamo)
* 菅原(すがわら) (Sugawara)
* 然菅(しかすが) (Shikasuga)

#### Proper noun

菅(すが) • (Suga)
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 菅
* かん Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
/kʷan/ → /kan/
From Middle Chinese 菅 (MC kaen).

#### Affix

菅(かん) • (kan)
* a variety of grass
* Sugawara no Michizane

##### Derived terms

* 菅(かん)家(け) (Kanke)
* 菅公(かんこう) (Kankō)
* 菅茅(かんぼう) (kanbō)

#### Proper noun

菅(かん) • (Kan)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

菅 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Proto-Japonic *sunkay?”

### Noun

菅 (suge$_2$) (kana すげ)
* a sedge
** 711–712, Kojiki, poem 65:夜多能比登母登須宜波古母多受多知迦阿那牟阿多良須賀波良許登袁許曾須宜波良登伊波米阿多良須賀志賣Yata no$_2$ pi$_1$to$_2$mo$_2$to$_2$ suge$_2$ pa ko$_1$ mo$_2$tazu tati ka arenamu atara sugapara ko$_2$to$_2$ wo ko$_2$so$_2$ suge$_2$para to$_2$ ipame$_2$ atara sugasime$_1$(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* 菅笠 (sugakasa)
* 菅の根 (suge$_2$ no$_2$ ne)
* 菅原 (sugapara, suge$_2$para)
* 菅藻 (sugamo)
* 有馬菅 (Arima suge$_2$)
* 石穂菅 (ipaposuge$_2$)
* 三島菅 (Mi$_1$sima suge$_2$)
* 山菅 (yamasuga, yamasuge$_2$)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 菅 (suge)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菅: Hán Nôm readings: gian
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.