# 狄

| 狄 | U+72C4, &#29380; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C4 |
| ← 狃 [U+72C3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 狅 → [U+72C5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

狄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 大竹火 (KHF), four-corner 4928$_0$, composition ⿰犭火)

#### Derived characters

* 唙, 𢙹, 𪶆, 逖, 梑, 𦛡, 𥇃, 𧼃, 𱃀, 𩷎, 荻, 𱢃, 𥭳, 䯼, 𠜓, 悐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20290
* Dae Jaweon: page 1120, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1337, character 1
* Unihan data for U+72C4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狄 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 逖 | *tʰeːɡ |
| 悐 | *tʰeːɡ |
| 狄 | *deːɡ |
| 荻 | *deːɡ |
| 梑 | *deːɡ |

### Etymology
#### "northern foreigners"

    Unknown. Goldin (2011) proposes that 狄 (dí)/翟 (dí) was a "pseudo-ethnonym" and meant "feathered"; Liji mentioned that the Dí's clothings were made of birds' feathers and mammals' hairs. If so, see 翟 (dí) for more etymology.

#### "low servant"

    Either based on the northern foreigners' endo-ethnonym, or more likely Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Monic *ɗiik, Proto-Bahnaric *ɗɨc, as well as Proto-Mon-Khmer **ɗiək ~ ɗiik ~ *ɗik (“slave”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dí, tì (di$^2$, ti$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ, ㄊㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dik$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$diq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dí
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dí
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^2$
*** Yale: dí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tì
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tì
*** Wade–Giles: tʻi$^4$
*** Yale: tì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
*** Palladius: ти (ti)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dik$^6$
*** Yale: dihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɪk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dek
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$diq
*** MiniDict: dih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$diq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/
* Middle Chinese: dek
Rime :
| Character | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒歷切 |
| Baxter | dek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /diek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*deːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dek › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁek/ |
| English | (name of a northern tribe) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2206 |
| Phonetic component | 狄 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 荻 |
| Old Chinese | /*deːɡ/ |

### Definitions

狄
* the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) low servant
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 翟
* a surname
    狄仁傑／狄仁杰 ― Dí Rénjié ― Di Renjie (Tang dynasty chancellor)

### Compounds

* 亞加狄亞 / 亚加狄亚
* 儀狄 / 仪狄
* 北狄 (Běidí)
* 夷狄 (yídí)
* 庫狄 / 库狄
* 戎狄 (róngdí)
* 揄狄
* 狄宮 / 狄宫
* 狄牙
* 狄良突盧 / 狄良突卢
* 白狄
* 簡狄 / 简狄
* 蠻夷戎狄 / 蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* barbarian

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てき (teki)
* Kun: えびす (ebisu)

#### Compounds

* 夷狄(いてき) (iteki)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狄 (MC dek). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎍〮 (tyék) (Yale: tyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))
* hanja form of 적 (“tribe from northern China”)

#### Compounds

* 북적 (北狄, bukjeok)
* 융적 (戎狄, yungjeok)
* 이적 (夷狄, ijeok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

狄: Hán Nôm readings: địch, đệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.