# 悖

| 悖 | U+6096, &#24726; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6096 |
| ← 悕 [U+6095] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 悗 → [U+6097] |

## Translingual
### Han character

悖 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 心十月木 (PJBD), four-corner 9404$_7$, composition ⿰忄孛)

#### Derived characters

* 𭉱, 𧪶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 387, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10663
* Dae Jaweon: page 720, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2302, character 15
* Unihan data for U+6096

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 誖 | *pɯːds, *bɯːds, *bɯːd |
| 悖 | *bɯːds, *bɯːd |
| 孛 | *bɯːds, *bɯːd |
| 哱 | *pʰɯːd |
| 馞 | *pʰɯːd, *bɯːd |
| 勃 | *bɯːd |
| 餑 | *bɯːd |
| 郣 | *bɯːd |
| 浡 | *bɯːd |
| 桲 | *bɯːd |
| 挬 | *bɯːd |
| 脖 | *bɯːd |
| 鵓 | *bɯːd |
| 渤 | *bɯːd |
| 綍 | *pɯd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd): semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèi (bei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bui$^6$ / bui$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): buôi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): buê$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$
*** Yale: bèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
*** Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bui$^6$ / bui$^3$
*** Yale: buih / bui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bui$^6$ / bui$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bui$^6$ / bui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /puːi̯²²/, /puːi̯³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: buôi
*** Sinological IPA : /pui²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōe
*** Tâi-lô: puē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poe
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pue²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pue³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: buê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /pue³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bwojH
Rime :
| Character | 悖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲昧切 |
| Baxter | bwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /buᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /buɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bui$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤut-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 悖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bwoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁut-s/ |
| English | confused |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 969 |
| Phonetic component | 孛 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 佩 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯːds/ |

#### Definitions

悖
* to go against, to be contrary to
* perverse; erroneous
* confused; puzzled
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to rebel; to revolt
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to screen; to cover
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
    It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.

#### Compounds

* 並存不悖 / 并存不悖
* 並行不悖 / 并行不悖 (bìngxíngbùbèi)
* 傲悖
* 悖亂 / 悖乱 (bèiluàn)
* 悖倫 / 悖伦
* 悖入悖出 (bèirù-bèichū)
* 悖叛
* 悖德
* 悖悔 (bèihui)
* 悖慢
* 悖時鬼 / 悖时鬼
* 悖晦 (bèihui)
* 悖理違情 / 悖理违情
* 悖畔
* 悖禮 / 悖礼
* 悖繆 / 悖缪
* 悖論 / 悖论 (bèilùn)
* 悖謬 / 悖谬 (bèimiù)
* 悖逆 (bèinì)
* 狂悖
* 言行相悖
* 逆天悖理
* 違天悖理 / 违天悖理

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bó (bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): but$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): buŏk
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: but$^6$
*** Yale: buht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: but$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /puːt̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: buŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /puoʔ⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bwot
Rime :
| Character | 悖 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲没切 |
| Baxter | bwot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /buət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /buət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | but$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 悖 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁut/ |
| English | confused |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悖 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 977 |
| Phonetic component | 孛 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勃 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯːd/ |

#### Definitions

悖
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): běi (bei$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: běi
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: běi
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^3$
*** Yale: běi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beei
*** Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

悖
* (historical dictionaries only) stubborn; obstinate

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01360
* “悖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ばい (bai)、ぼち (bochi)、ぼつ (botsu)
* Kan-on: はい (hai)、ほつ (hotsu)
* Kun: もとる (motoru, 悖る)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 悖 (MC bwojH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄈᆡᆼ〮 (Yale: ppóy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 패 (phay) (Yale: phay) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰɛ(ː)] ~ [pʰe̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [패(ː)/페(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 悖 (eumhun 거스를 패 (geoseureul pae))
* hanja form of 패 (“go against”)

#### Compounds

* 패륜 (悖倫, paeryun, “depravity; immorality”)
* 패륜아 (悖倫兒, paeryuna, “depraved person; immoral person”)
* 패악 (悖惡, paeak, “wickedness; depravity; viciousness”)
* 행패 (行悖, haengpae, “violence”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

悖: Hán Nôm readings: bội
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation