# 攝

| 攝 | U+651D, &#25885; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-651D |
| ← 攜 [U+651C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 攞 → [U+651E] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 攝 |
| Shinjitai | 摂 |
| Simplified | 摄 |

### Han character

攝 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 手尸十十 (QSJJ), four-corner 5104$_1$, composition ⿰扌聶)
* take in, absorb
* act as deputy
* administer, assist

#### Derived characters

* 𡆄, 𥸓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 463, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13010
* Dae Jaweon: page 812, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1986, character 8
* Unihan data for U+651D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 攝
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 攝 | *neːb, *ʔnjeb |
| 聶 | *neb |
| 鑷 | *neb |
| 躡 | *neb |
| 襵 | *nteb, *ʔnjeb |
| 懾 | *ʔnjeb |
| 囁 | *ʔnjeb, *njeb |
| 欇 | *ʔnjeb, *n̥ʰjeb, *ɦnjeb, *hnjeb |
| 灄 | *hnjeb |
| 顳 | *njeb |
| 讘 | *njeb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb).

### Etymology 1

Probably from the same word family as 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”) (STEDT); see there for more.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shè (she$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sip$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): niap$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiap
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiab
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiab$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): niék / siék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nieh$^6$ / sieh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liap / siap
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niab$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$seq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shè
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shè
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$
*** Yale: shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sip$^3$
*** Yale: sip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːp̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: niap$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdiap̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiap
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ap̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiab
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiap⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiap̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: niék / siék
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡiɛʔ²⁴/, /siɛʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nieh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nieh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛʔ²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap
*** Tâi-lô: liap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liap̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siap
*** Tâi-lô: siap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siap̚³²/
* liap - literary, colloquial (“to fold; to hold back; to save; to tangle up; to be capable; to have one's state of mind captured; to wrinkle; to shrink back”);
* siap - literary.
* Middle Chinese: syep
Rime :
| Character | 攝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 書涉切 |
| Baxter | syep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | she |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.n̥ep/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔnjeb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 攝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syep › |
| Old Chinese | /*kə.n̥ep/ |
| English | catch, gather up |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 攝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 9539 |
| Phonetic component | 聶 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 攝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔnjeb/ |

#### Definitions

攝
* to take in; to absorb; to extract; to assimilate
* to take a photograph; to shoot
* (literary) to hold; to grasp; to drag
* (literary) to manage; to command; to administer
* (literary) to act as an agent; to be a representative; to act as a proxy
    攝政／摄政 ― shèzhèng ― to act as regent
* (literary) to arrest; to apprehend
* (literary) to draw; to attract
    攝石／摄石 [Cantonese] ― sip$^3$ sek$^6$ [Jyutping] ― magnet (literally, “stone that attracts”)
* (literary) to assist
* (literary) to be squeezed in between
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qiānshèng zhī guó, shè hū dàguó zhījiān, jiā zhī yǐ shīlǚ, yīn zhī yǐ jījǐn. [Pinyin]
    Suppose the case of a state of ten thousand chariots; let it be straitened between other large states; let it be suffering from invading armies; and to this let there be added a famine in corn and in all vegetables.
* (literary) to maintain one's health; to keep fit
    攝衛／摄卫 ― shèwèi ― to maintain one's health
* (Chinese phonetics) rhyme group; rhyme class (one of 16 sets of 韻 in Middle Chinese)
* (Hokkien) to fold; to pleat
    攝襇／摄裥 [Hokkien] ― liap-kéng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to pleat
* (Hokkien) to hold back; to endure; to restrain oneself
    攝屎／摄屎 [Hokkien] ― liap-sái [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to endure a bowel movement
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to save; to economize; to cut down on
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to tangle up; to twist together (of rope, string, etc.)
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be capable; to be competent (used with 會 and 𣍐)
    𣍐攝／𫧃摄 [Hokkien] ― bōe-liap [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― incapable
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to have one's state of mind captured (by spirits, ghosts, demons, etc.)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to wrinkle; to wilt; to wither; to shrivel; to crease
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to shrink back; to flinch; to cower; to recoil (especially in hesitation)

#### Synonyms

* (to take in):
* 吸 (xī)
* 吸取 (xīqǔ)
* 吸收 (xīshōu)
* 抽取 (chōuqǔ)
* 攝取 / 摄取 (shèqǔ)
* 束 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 汲 (jí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 汲取 (jíqǔ)
* 燥 (Hokkien)
* (to take a photograph):
* 影 (Cantonese)
* 拍 (pāi)
* 拍攝 / 拍摄 (pāishè)
* 攝取 / 摄取 (shèqǔ)
* 欱 (Hokkien)
* 翕 (Min Nan)
* (to maintain one's health):
* 保養 / 保养 (bǎoyǎng)
* 保養身體 / 保养身体 (bǎoyǎng shēntǐ)
* 攝生 / 摄生 (shèshēng) (literary)
* 攝衛 / 摄卫 (shèwèi) (literary)
* 攝養 / 摄养 (shèyǎng) (literary)
* 頤養 / 颐养 (yíyǎng) (literary)
* 養生 / 养生
* (to arrest):
* 俘獲 / 俘获 (fúhuò)
* 俘虜 / 俘虏 (fúlǔ)
* 囚俘 (qiúfú) (literary)
* 抓 (zhuā)
* 抓獲 / 抓获 (zhuāhuò)
* 拘捕 (jūbǔ)
* 拿獲 / 拿获 (náhuò)
* 捉 (zhuō)
* 捉拿 (zhuōná)
* 捕捉 (bǔzhuō)
* 捕獲 / 捕获 (bǔhuò)
* 搜捕 (sōubǔ)
* 搏 (bó) (literary, or in compounds)
* 擒拿 (qínná)
* 擒獲 / 擒获 (qínhuò)
* 查獲 / 查获 (cháhuò)
* 緝拿 / 缉拿 (jīná)
* 緝捕 / 缉捕 (jībǔ)
* 緝獲 / 缉获 (qìhuò) (literary)
* 被捕 (bèibǔ) (to be arrested)
* 被逮 (bèidǎi) (to be arrested)
* 訪拿 / 访拿 (fǎngná) (literary)
* 訪緝 / 访缉 (fǎngjī) (literary)
* 跴緝 / 跴缉 (cǎijī) (literary)
* 踩緝 / 踩缉 (cǎijī) (literary)
* 巡捕 (xúnbǔ)
* 追拿 (zhuīná)
* 追捕 (zhuībǔ)
* 追擊 / 追击 (zhuījī) (to pursue and attack)
* 追索 (zhuīsuǒ) (literary)
* 追緝 / 追缉 (zhuījī)
* 逮捕
* (to approach):
* 就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 搭近 (Hokkien)
* 湊近 / 凑近 (còujìn)
* 貼近 / 贴近 (tiējìn)
* 迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
* 迫近 (pòjìn)
* 逼倚 (Hokkien)
* 逼近 (bījìn)

#### Compounds

* 倒攝 / 倒摄
* 光攝 / 光摄
* 勾攝 / 勾摄
* 勾攝公事 / 勾摄公事
* 勾魂攝魄 / 勾魂摄魄
* 報導攝影 / 报导摄影
* 天文攝影 / 天文摄影 (tiānwén shèyǐng)
* 將攝 / 将摄
* 居攝 / 居摄
* 屏氣攝息 / 屏气摄息
* 拍攝 / 拍摄 (pāishè)
* 攝伏 / 摄伏
* 攝位 / 摄位 (shèwèi)
* 攝像 / 摄像 (shèxiàng)
* 攝像機 / 摄像机 (shèxiàngjī)
* 攝制 / 摄制
* 攝動 / 摄动 (shèdòng)
* 攝取 / 摄取 (shèqǔ)
* 攝大乘論 / 摄大乘论
* 攝威擅勢 / 摄威擅势
* 攝影 / 摄影 (shèyǐng)
* 攝影室 / 摄影室
* 攝影家 / 摄影家 (shèyǐngjiā)
* 攝影小說 / 摄影小说
* 攝影師 / 摄影师 (shèyǐngshī)
* 攝影棚 / 摄影棚 (shèyǐngpéng)
* 攝影機 / 摄影机 (shèyǐngjī)
* 攝提 / 摄提
* 攝提格 / 摄提格
* 攝政 / 摄政 (shèzhèng)
* 攝氏 / 摄氏 (Shèshì)
* 攝氏溫度計 / 摄氏温度计
* 攝理 / 摄理 (shèlǐ)
* 攝生 / 摄生 (shèshēng)
* 攝畫 / 摄画
* 攝篆 / 摄篆
* 攝行 / 摄行 (shèxíng)
* 攝衛 / 摄卫 (shèwèi)
* 攝衣 / 摄衣
* 攝製 / 摄制 (shèzhì)
* 攝論師 / 摄论师
* 攝護腺 / 摄护腺 (shèhùxiàn)
* 攝音 / 摄音
* 攝食 / 摄食 (shèshí)
* 攝養 / 摄养 (shèyǎng)
* 攝魂 / 摄魂
* 攝魄鉤魂 / 摄魄钩魂
* 攝龜 / 摄龟
* 特攝 / 特摄
* 珍攝 / 珍摄 (zhēnshè)
* 立體攝影 / 立体摄影
* 綰攝 / 绾摄
* 航空攝影 / 航空摄影
* 複合攝影 / 复合摄影
* 該攝 / 该摄
* 調攝 / 调摄 (tiáoshè)
* 近攝鏡頭 / 近摄镜头
* 近焦攝影 / 近焦摄影
* 追魂攝魄 / 追魂摄魄
* 雷射攝影 / 雷射摄影
* 韻攝 / 韵摄
* 高速攝影 / 高速摄影

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niè (nie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nip$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niè
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niè
*** Wade–Giles: nieh$^4$
*** Yale: nyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nieh
*** Palladius: не (ne)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nip$^6$
*** Yale: nihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /niːp̚²/
* Middle Chinese: nep
Rime :
| Character | 攝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 奴協切 |
| Baxter | nep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /nep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /niep̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /niep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*neːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 攝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 9528 |
| Phonetic component | 聶 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 苶 |
| Old Chinese | /*neːb/ |
| Notes | 見漢書 |

#### Definitions

攝
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 攝然／摄然.

### Etymology 3

Compare Wuming Zhuang saeb (“to insert into a gap”), Hlai nyiep (/⁠ȵiːp⁷⁠/, “to insert into a gap”).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): sip$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sip$^3$
*** Yale: sip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːp̚³/

#### Definitions

攝 (Cantonese)
* to squeeze into; to wedge in
    攝衫／摄衫 [Cantonese] ― sip$^3$ saam$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to tuck in clothing
       sip$^3$ fung$^1$ seon$^3$ jap$^6$ mun$^4$ laa$^3$ dou$^6$ [Jyutping]
       to squeeze the letter into the gap between the door and its frame
* to raise something by putting another thing underneath

#### Compounds

* 攝位 / 摄位
* 攝時間 / 摄时间
* 攝灶罅 / 摄灶罅
* 攝牙罅 / 摄牙罅
* 攝石人 / 摄石人
* 攝高枕頭 / 摄高枕头

### References

* “攝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 摂 |
| Kyūjitai | 攝 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 摂)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan’yō-on: せつ (setsu)
* Kun: おさめる (osameru, 攝める)、かねる (kaneru, 攝る)、とる (toru, 攝る)

## Korean
### Hanja

攝 • (seop, yeop) (hangeul 섭, 엽, revised seop, yeop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, yŏp, Yale sep, yep)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

攝: Hán Nôm readings: nhép, nếp, nhiếp, xếp, nhẹp, nhíp, triếp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.