# rank
## Translingual
### Symbol

rank
* (mathematics) The symbol for rank.

## English
### Alternative forms

* ranck (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹæŋk/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æŋk

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

#### Adjective

rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)
* (obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.
** Strong in growth; growing with vigour or rapidity, hence, coarse or gross.
    rank grass
    rank weeds
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 41:5:And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.
*** 1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick:The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.
*** Causing strong growth; producing luxuriantly; rich and fertile.
    rank land
**** 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:fow Sprat or Fullum Barley, which is the best for rank Land, because it doth not run ſo much to Straw
*** Suffering from overgrowth or hypertrophy; plethoric.
**** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:The moon had spread over everything a thin layer of silver—over the rank grass, over the mud, upon the wall of matted vegetation standing higher than the wall of a temple […]
** Strong to the senses; offensive; noisome.
*** Having a very strong and bad taste or odor.
    Synonyms: stinky, smelly, (UK) pongy
    Your gym clothes are rank, bro – when'd you last wash 'em?
**** 1661, Robert Boyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-physical Doubts & Paradoxes, […], London: […] J. Cadwell for J. Crooke, […], →OCLC:Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on which they ordinarily feed.
*** (informal) Gross, disgusting, foul.
** (horse racing) Headstrong; difficult to control.
*** 1949, The New Yorker (volume 25, part 3, page 46)
    If Safford happens to be driving a "rank" horse, one that insists on getting away fast, he goes along with the rest, […]
* (intensifier, negative) complete, unmitigated, utter.
    Synonyms: thorough, virulent
    rank treason
    rank nonsense
    I am a rank amateur as a wordsmith.
** 2018 June 18, Phil McNulty, “Tunisia 1 – 2 England”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 21 April 2019:England's domination of the first half was almost total, but they somehow contrived to allow Tunisia to raise themselves off the floor by virtue of rank carelessness from [Gareth] Southgate's side.
** 2011 March 1, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Man Utd”, in BBC:Chelsea remain rank outsiders to retain their crown and they still lie 12 points adrift of United, but Ancelotti will regard this as a performance that supports his insistence that they can still have a say when the major prizes are handed out this season.
* (obsolete) lustful; lascivious
** c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:the ewes being rank, In end of autumn turned to the rams

##### Derived terms

* outrank
* ranken
* rankful

##### Translations
#### Adverb

rank (comparative more rank, superlative most rank)
* (obsolete) Quickly, eagerly, impetuously.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:The seely man seeing him ryde so rancke, / And ayme at him, fell flat to ground for feare […] .
** 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English rank (“line, row”), from Old French ranc, rang, reng (“line, row, rank”) (Modern French rang), from Frankish *hring (“ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“something bent or curved”).
Akin to Old High German (h)ring, Old Frisian hring, Old English hring, hrincg (“ring”), Old Norse hringr (“ring, circle, queue, sword; ship”). Doublet of ring and rink.

#### Noun

rank (countable and uncountable, plural ranks)
* A row of people or things organized in a grid pattern, often soldiers.
    Antonym: file
    The front rank kneeled to reload while the second rank fired over their heads.
** 1684, Richard Elton, The compleat body of the Art Military […] ‎, 2nd edition, page 196:The Musketeers being on both flancks, firſt firing let the Ranck ſtand, and fire every Ranck, paſſing through before his leader […]
** 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 7, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:Then there was no more cover, for they straggled out, not in ranks but clusters, from among orange trees and tall, flowering shrubs […] .
* (chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number).
    Antonym: file
* (music) In a pipe organ, a set of pipes of a certain quality for which each pipe corresponds to one key or pedal.
* One's position in a list sorted by a shared property such as physical location, population, popularity, or quality.
    Based on your test scores, you have a rank of 23.
    The fancy hotel was of the first rank.
* The level of one's position in a class-based society.
* (typically in the plural) A category of people, such as those who share an occupation or belong to an organisation.
    a membership drawn from the ranks of wealthy European businessmen
** 2017 September 23, “From north Wales to Norfolk, distraught beekeepers ask: who’s stealing our hives?”, in The Observer‎:Earlier this month police in Norfolk were called after five hives thought to contain around 60,000 bees and £600 worth of honey were taken. [...] Suspicions among beekeepers that the culprits come from their own ranks were underlined by the fact that a bee smoker was left at the scene by someone who presumably knew that it could be used to calm the insects before taking them.
* A hierarchical level in an organization such as the military.
    Private First Class (PFC) is the second-lowest rank in the Marines.
    He rose up through the ranks of the company, from mailroom clerk to CEO.
* (taxonomy) A level in a scientific taxonomy system.
    Phylum is the taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
* (mathematics) The dimensionality of an array (computing) or tensor.
* (linear algebra) The maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix.
* (algebra) The maximum quantity of D-linearly independent elements of a module (over an integral domain D).
* (mathematics) The size of any basis of a given matroid.

##### Derived terms

* back rank
* back-rank mate
* break rank
* cab off the rank
* cab rank
* cab-rank rule
* circuit rank
* close ranks
* coal rank
* de-rank
* flag rank
* full rank
* keep rank
* military rank
* ordinal rank
* other rank
* pull rank
* rank and file
* rank-and-file
* rank-and-filer
* rank and yank
* rank badge
* rank-deficient
* rank-nullity theorem
* rank of apparition
* rank outsider
* rank sum
* Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
* S rank
* stack rank
* taxi rank

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

rank (third-person singular simple present ranks, present participle ranking, simple past and past participle ranked)
* To place abreast, or in a line.
** 1613, Thomas Heywood, The Brazen Age, […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, […], →OCLC, Act II, signature [C4], verso:She [Diana] hath ſent (to plague vs) a huge ſauadge Boare, / Of an vn-meaſured height and magnitude. / […] / His briſtles poynted like a range of pikes / Ranck't on his backe: his foame ſnovves vvhere he feeds / His tuskes are like the Indian Oliphants.
* To have a ranking.
    Their defense ranked third in the league.
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XLI, page 64:I vex my heart with fancies dim: / ⁠He still outstript me in the race; / ⁠It was but unity of place / That made me dream I rank’d with him.
* To assign a suitable place in a class or order; to classify.
** 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:Ranking all things under general and special heads.
** 1725–1726, Homer, “(please specify the book or chapter of the Odyssey)”, in [William Broome, Elijah Fenton, Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.
** 1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC:Heresy [is] ranked with idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, murders, and other sins of the flesh.
** 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:From time to time the coaches of the Lötschberg Railway itself, which in comfort and décor can rank with the finest in Europe today, travel far from the frontiers of Switzerland on through workings such as these.
* (US) To take rank of; to outrank.

##### Derived terms

* misrank
* outrank

##### Translations
### References

* “rank”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “rank”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* knar, ARNK, Karn, Kanr, kran, nark, karn

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑŋk/
* Hyphenation: rank
* Rhymes: -ɑŋk

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ranc, from Old Dutch *ranc, from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz.

#### Adjective

rank (comparative ranker, superlative rankst)
* slender, svelte

##### Derived terms

* rankgebouwd

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch ranc, ranke, from Old Dutch *ranca, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Old High German hranca (German Ranke).

#### Noun

rank f (plural ranken, diminutive rankje n)
* tendril, a thin winding stem
* name of various vines
* an object or ornamental pattern resembling a stem

##### Derived terms

* bosrank
* hechtrank
* ranken (verb)
* rankerig
* wijnrank

### References

* ↑ J. de Vries & F. de Tollenaere, "Etymologisch Woordenboek", Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht, 1986 (14de druk)

### Anagrams

* karn

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German rank, ranc, from Old Saxon *rank, from Proto-West Germanic *rank.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁaŋk/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rank (strong nominative masculine singular ranker, comparative ranker, superlative am ranksten)
* (poetic, dated, except in the phrase rank und schlank) lithe, lissome

#### Related terms

* rahn

### Verb

rank
* singular imperative of ranken

### Further reading

* “rank” in Duden online
* “rank” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache