OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jurislav
## English
### Proper noun

Jurislav
* A male given name from the Slavic languages.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Proper noun

Jurislav m (Cyrillic spelling Јурислав)
* (rare) a male given name
# Tig
## Old English
### Proper noun

Tig m
* Alternative form of Tīw
# тымау
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *tumagu (“common cold”), from Proto-Turkic *tum (“cold”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (tumağu, “running nose, common cold”); Tatar томау (tomaw), Kazakh тұмау (tūmau), Southern Altai тыму (tïmu, “ailment”), туму (tumu, “fever”), Uzbek tumov (“common cold”), Uyghur تۇمۇ (tumu, “common cold, running nose”), Yakut тумуу (tumuu, “running nose”), Turkish dumağı (“common cold”), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɯ̞ˈmɑw]
* Hyphenation: ты‧мау

### Noun

тымау • (tımaw)
* runny nose, rhinorrhea
    Тымау дарыуы.Tımaw darıwı.A medicine for runny nose.
* (by extension) common cold
    Ниғмәтулла ашауҙан туҡтаны, төндә тымау төшкән танауын мыш-мыш тартты.Niğmətulla aşawźan tuqtanı, töndə tımaw töşkən tanawın mış-mış tarttı.Nigmatulla stopped eating; at night, he wheezed (through) his nose (as he had) cought cold.

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 585
# Spenny
## English
### Proper noun

Spenny
* A diminutive of the male given name Spencer.

### Anagrams

* Pennsy
# flekować
## Polish
### Etymology

From flek +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flɛˈkɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: fle‧ko‧wać

### Verb

flekować impf (perfective sflekować)
* (transitive, colloquial) to kick brutally (to strike or hit with the foot or other extremity of the leg)
    Synonym: kopać
* (transitive, colloquial) to abuse, to bully, to mistreat, to victimize
    Synonym: znęcać się

#### Related terms

* fleczek

### Further reading

* flekować in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German flecken + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flɛˈkɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: fle‧ko‧wać

### Verb

flekować impf (perfective poflekować)
* (transitive) to stain (to discolour)

#### Related terms

* flek

### Further reading

* flekować in silling.org
# україно-російський
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From україно- (ukrajino-) +‎ російський (rosijsʹkyj).

### Adjective

украї́но-росі́йський • (ukrajíno-rosíjsʹkyj)
* Of or pertaining to both Russia and Ukraine

#### Derived terms

* україно-російські відносини
# harita
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خریطه (harita, harıta), from Arabic خَرِيطَة (ḵarīṭa), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).

### Noun

harita
* chart, map

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “harita”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Sundanese
### Adjective

harita (Sundanese script ᮠᮛᮤᮒ)
* past

### Adverb

harita (Sundanese script ᮠᮛᮤᮒ)
* at that moment
* then

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خریطه (harita, harıta), from Arabic خَرِيطَة (ḵarīṭa), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɑ.ɾi.tɑ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

harita (definite accusative haritayı, plural haritalar)
* map (visual representation of an area)

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
harita
haritalar
definite accusative
haritayı
haritaları
dative
haritaya
haritalara
locative
haritada
haritalarda
ablative
haritadan
haritalardan
genitive
haritanın
haritaların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
haritam
haritalarım
2nd singular
haritan
haritaların
3rd singular
haritası
haritaları
1st plural
haritamız
haritalarımız
2nd plural
haritanız
haritalarınız
3rd plural
haritaları
haritaları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
haritamı
haritalarımı
2nd singular
haritanı
haritalarını
3rd singular
haritasını
haritalarını
1st plural
haritamızı
haritalarımızı
2nd plural
haritanızı
haritalarınızı
3rd plural
haritalarını
haritalarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
haritama
haritalarıma
2nd singular
haritana
haritalarına
3rd singular
haritasına
haritalarına
1st plural
haritamıza
haritalarımıza
2nd plural
haritanıza
haritalarınıza
3rd plural
haritalarına
haritalarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
haritamda
haritalarımda
2nd singular
haritanda
haritalarında
3rd singular
haritasında
haritalarında
1st plural
haritamızda
haritalarımızda
2nd plural
haritanızda
haritalarınızda
3rd plural
haritalarında
haritalarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
haritamdan
haritalarımdan
2nd singular
haritandan
haritalarından
3rd singular
haritasından
haritalarından
1st plural
haritamızdan
haritalarımızdan
2nd plural
haritanızdan
haritalarınızdan
3rd plural
haritalarından
haritalarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
haritamın
haritalarımın
2nd singular
haritanın
haritalarının
3rd singular
haritasının
haritalarının
1st plural
haritamızın
haritalarımızın
2nd plural
haritanızın
haritalarınızın
3rd plural
haritalarının
haritalarının :

### References

* “harita”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# Geaafs
## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəˈaːfs]

### Noun

Geaafs n (uncountable)
* rubbernecking

#### Usage notes

Luxembourgish words with the circumfix Ge-s are usually verbs that are made into nouns to indicate a collective or repetitive and obvious action. They're usually spontaneous creation by well versed Luxembourgish speakers
# Ognjomir
## English
### Proper noun

Ognjomir
* A male given name from the Slavic languages.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Proper noun

Ognjomir m (Cyrillic spelling Огњомир)
* a male given name
# sanscritize
## Portuguese
### Verb

sanscritize
* inflection of sanscritizar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# koğuş
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *koguĺ. See more cognates at Bashkir ҡыуыш (qıwış).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [coˈɣuʃ]
* Hyphenation: ko‧ğuş
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

koğuş (definite accusative koğuşu, plural koğuşlar)
* tree hollow
    Synonyms: kuful, ovuq, (dialectal) hoytuq, (dialectal) oyruq, (dialectal) güdük

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, pages 17-18

### Further reading

* “koğuş” in Obastan.com.

## Turkish
### Etymology

Originally a dialectal word from Southwestern Old Anatolian Turkish, which later found widespread use in the late Ottoman period (18th century) with a semantic shift from a groove or a hollow shaft to a room (a 'groove' or a 'cavity' of a house). Cognate with Karakhanid [script needed] (koɣuš, “water course, drain”), [script needed] (koɣuš, “an arrow straightener tool used by arrow-makers”) (from the meaning 'groove') and Chagatai [script needed] (koɣuš, “gutter, drainage ditch”). Beyond that, from either Proto-Common Turkic *kobuk (“empty”) or Proto-Turkic *koguĺ (“hollow, cavity”).
Related to Turkish kof (“empty, hollow”), Turkish kovuk (“burrow”), Turkish kovan (“beehive”) but unrelated to Turkish kavun (“melon, muskmelon”).

### Noun

koğuş (definite accusative koğuşu, plural koğuşlar)
* ward, hospital ward
* a large room for soldiers in a camp
* hospital room
* school room

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 613
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “koğuş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# Czaruś
## Polish
### Etymology

Clipping of Cezary + -uś.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʂa.ruɕ/
* Rhymes: -aruɕ
* Syllabification: Cza‧ruś
* Homophone: czaruś

### Proper noun

Czaruś m pers
* a diminutive of the male given name Cezary

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Czaruś in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# flikować
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German flicken + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fliˈkɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: fli‧ko‧wać

### Verb

flikować impf (perfective poflikować)
* (transitive, sewing) to darn (to repair by stitching with thread or yarn, particularly by using a needle to construct a weave across a damaged area of fabric)
    Synonym: ficować
* (transitive) to patch (to mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like)
    Synonym: łŏtać

#### Related terms

* flik

### Further reading

* flikować in silling.org
# MARACs
## English
### Noun

MARACs
* plural of MARAC
# çast
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* ças

### Etymology

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic часъ (časŭ, “time, moment, hour”), Serbo-Croatian čas (“time, moment, hour”) and Bulgarian час (čas, “hour, period”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *časъ (“time”).
The auslaut -t derives from the old locative or prepositional accusative case.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃast/

### Noun

çast m (plural çaste, definite çasti, definite plural çastet)
* moment
* opportunity

#### Synonyms

* grimë, moment, imtë

#### Derived terms

* çastësi, çastshëm

### References

* ↑ Topalli, K. (2017) “çast”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 328
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “çast”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
* ↑ Omari, Anila (2012) “çast”, in Marrëdhëniet Gjuhësore Shqiptaro-Serbe, Tirana, Albania: Krishtalina KH, pages 118-119

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Perhaps from Russian счастье (sčastʹje).

### Noun

çast
* luck, fortune
# gondolier
## English
### Alternative forms

* gondoliere

### Etymology

From Italian gondoliere, through French gondolier. By surface analysis, gondola +‎ -ier.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌɡɒndəˈlɪə(ɹ)/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˌɡɑndəˈlɪɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)

### Noun

gondolier (plural gondoliers)
* A boatperson who propels a gondola, especially in Venice.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “gondolier”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Anagrams

* Negroloid

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian gondoliere.

### Noun

gondolier m (plural gondoliers, feminine gondolière)
* gondolier (Venetian boatman)

### Further reading

* “gondolier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian gondoliere.

### Noun

gondolier m (plural gondolieri)
* gondolier (Venetian boatman)
# Ognjoljub
## English
### Proper noun

Ognjoljub
* A male given name from the Slavic languages.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Proper noun

Ognjoljub m (Cyrillic spelling Огњољуб)
* a male given name
# sanscritizemos
## Portuguese
### Verb

sanscritizemos
* inflection of sanscritizar:
** first-person plural present subjunctive
** first-person plural imperative
# Diza
## English
### Etymology

From Hebrew [Term?].

### Proper noun

Diza
* A female given name from Hebrew.
# gömmək
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *köm-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɟœmːæk], [ɟœmːæj]
* Hyphenation: göm‧mək
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Verb

gömmək
* to bury
    Synonym: basdırmaq

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “gömmək” in Obastan.com.
# flyjgować
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German pflegen + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flɪjˈɡɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: flyj‧go‧wać

### Verb

flyjgować impf
* (transitive) to care for, to nurse, to tend to

#### Related terms

* flyjger

### Further reading

* flyjgować in silling.org
# riwierą
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /riˈvjɛ.rɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɛrɔw̃
* Syllabification: ri‧wie‧rą

### Noun

riwierą
* instrumental singular of riwiera
# էքսկավատոր
## Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian экскава́тор (ekskavátor).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ekʰskɑvɑˈtoɾ/, [ekʰskɑvɑtóɾ]

### Noun

էքսկավատոր • (ēkʻskavator)
* excavator (vehicle)

#### Usage notes

Not to be confused with էսկալատոր (ēskalator).
# Brunomir
## English
### Proper noun

Brunomir
* A male given name from the Slavic languages.

## Serbo-Croatian

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification with the reason: “This name is not found in any country according to Forebears, I only found it as the pseudonym of an Uruguayan game developer”
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Brunomir m (Cyrillic spelling Бруномир)
* a male given name
# distillation
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English distillacioun, from Anglo-Norman distillacioun, from Latin distīllātiōnem, accusative of distīllātiō.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˌdɪstɪˈleɪʃən/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /dɪstɪˈlæɪʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

distillation (countable and uncountable, plural distillations)
* The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.
* That which falls in drops.
* (chemistry, chemical engineering) The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.
** Purification through repeated or continuous distilling; rectification.
** (petrochemistry) Separation of petroleum into specific hydrocarbon groups; fractionation.
* The substance extracted by distilling.
** c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v], line 104:to be stopped in, like a strong distillation, with stinking / clothes that fretted in their own grease.
** 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 5”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:Then, were not summer's distillation left, A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass […]
* (machine learning) The transformation of a complex large language model into a smaller one.
** 2025 January 29, Cade Metz, “OpenAI Says DeepSeek May Have Improperly Harvested Its Data”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Distillation is often used to train new systems. If a company takes data from proprietary technology, the practice may be legally problematic. But it is often allowed by open source technologies.

#### Hyponyms

* destructive distillation
* dry distillation
* fractional distillation
* freeze distillation
* membrane distillation
* salt-effect distillation
* steam distillation
* vacuum distillation

#### Derived terms

* bidistillation
* codistillation
* cryodistillation
* destructive distillation
* distillation chaser
* dry distillation
* fractional distillation
* freeze distillation
* global distillation
* hydrodistillation
* membrane distillation
* microdistillation
* predistillation
* redistillation
* salt-effect distillation
* steam distillation
* vacuum distillation

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Switzerland):(file)

### Noun

distillation f (plural distillations)
* distillation

### Further reading

* “distillation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# Ep
## Dutch
### Etymology

Hypocoristic form of Elbert and Egbert.

### Proper noun

Ep m
* a diminutive of the male given names Elbert or Egbert

#### Derived terms

* Eppie
# güc
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *kǖč.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟyd͡ʒ/
* (Tabriz) IPA: [d͡ʒyʒ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

güc (definite accusative gücü, plural güclər)
* strength, force, power
    Synonyms: qüvvə, qüvvət
    Buna gücü çatmaz.He's not strong enough for this.(literally, “His strength won't suffice for this.”)
* (physics) power

#### Derived terms

* güclü (“strong”)
* gücsüz (“weak, powerless”)
# Peggie
## English
### Proper noun

Peggie
* Alternative spelling of Peggy (“female name”)
* A surname

### Anagrams

* Piggee
# forsztelować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of German vorstellen +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔr.ʂtɛˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: for‧szte‧lo‧wać

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔr.ʂtɛˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: for‧szte‧lo‧wać

### Verb

forsztelować impf or pf
* (transitive, obsolete) to submit for promotion (to put forward for approval, consideration, marking etc.) [with na (+ accusative) ‘for what’]
    Hypernyms: podawać impf, podać pf, przedstawiać impf, przedstawić pf, składać impf, złożyć pf

#### Conjugation

Imperfective:
Perfective:

#### Derived terms

* forsztelacja

### Further reading

* forsztelować in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German sich vorstellen + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔr.ʂtɛˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: for‧szte‧lo‧wać

### Verb

forsztelować impf or pf
* (reflexive with sie) to imagine (to form a mental image of something; to envision or create something in one's mind)

#### Conjugation

Imperfective:
Perfective:

#### Related terms

* forsztelōnek

### Further reading

* forsztelować in silling.org
# Virginia nightingale
## English
### Noun

Virginia nightingale (plural Virginia nightingales)
* The northern cardinal, Cardinalis virginianus.
# gonfalon
## English
### Alternative forms

* gonfalone
* gonfanon

### Etymology

From Middle English gonfalon, from Old French gonfalon, from Frankish *gunþifanō, from Proto-Germanic *gunþifanô.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑːn.fəˌlɑːn/, /-lən/

### Noun

gonfalon (plural gonfalons)
* A standard or ensign, consisting of a pole with a crosspiece from which a banner is suspended, especially as used in church processions, but also for civic and military display.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book CXXXVII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 588–590:Ten thousand thousand Ensignes high advanc'd, Standards, and Gonfalons twixt Van and Reare Streame in the Aire, and for distinction serve
** 1910, July 12, Franklin Pierce Adams, poem “That Double Play Again” aka “Baseball's Sad Lexicon”, New York Evening Mail, page 6:
    Ruthlessly pricking our gonfalon bubble, Making a Giant hit into a double— Words that are heavy with nothing but trouble: “Tinker to Evers to Chance.”
** 1922, Clark Ashton Smith, Quest‎:With vermilion leaf or bronze— Tatters of gorgeous gonfalons—
** 1964, Jan Morris, “Four Cities”, in Spain, Faber and Faber, published 2008, →ISBN:It was in the queer little Church of Vera Cruz, beneath the castle, that the Knights Templar performed their secret rites of chivalry, standing vigil over their arms all night, in all the mysterious splendour of seneschal, gonfalon, and accolade.
* (heraldry) Alternative form of gonfanon

#### Related terms

* gonfalonier

#### Translations
## French
### Alternative forms

* gonfanon

### Etymology

Inherited from Old French gonfalon, from Frankish *gunþifanō, from Proto-Germanic *gunþifanô.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

gonfalon m (plural gonfalons)
* gonfalon

### See also

* bannière, drapeau, enseigne, étendard

### Further reading

* “gonfalon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* confanon, gonfanon

### Etymology

From Frankish *gunþifanō, from Proto-Germanic *gunþifanô.

### Noun

gonfalon oblique singular, m (oblique plural gonfalons, nominative singular gonfalons, nominative plural gonfalon)
* gonfalon

#### Derived terms

* gonfalonier

#### Descendants

* French: gonfalon
* → Middle English: gonfalon
** English: gonfalon
* → Italian: gonfalone
* → Middle Dutch: gonfaloen
** Dutch: gonfalon, gonfalone

### Further reading

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (gonfalon, supplement)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French gonfalon.

### Noun

gonfalon n (plural gonfaloane)
* gonfalon
# Jaromir
## English
### Etymology

Of Slavic origin, in which the first element could be Proto-Slavic *jaro (“spring”) and the second element *mirъ (“peace, world”).

### Proper noun

Jaromir
* A male given name from the Slavic languages.

### References

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Germer”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 34.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Proper noun

Jaromir m (Cyrillic spelling Јаромир)
* a male given name
# riaghaltas
## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

riaghaltas m (genitive singular riaghaltais, plural riaghaltasan)
* government

#### Related terms

* riaghail
# Rică
## Romanian
### Etymology

Clipping of Tudorică, from Tudor +‎ -ică.

### Proper noun

Rică m (genitive/dative lui Rică)
* a diminutive of the male given name Tudor
# اذغ
## Karakhanid
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *adïg (“bear”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰑𐰍 (adïɣ, “bear”), Turkish ayı (“bear”) and Bashkir айыу (ayıw).

#### Noun

اَذِغْ (aδïɣ)
* bear
    Synonym: اَبا (apā)
    اَڤْجٖى نَجا اَلْ بِلْسا اَذِغْ اَنْجا يُولْ بِلٖيرْ ― Avčï̄ nečē āl bilsē aδïɣ ančā yōl bilīr. ― However many tricks the hunter knows, the bear knows as many ways out.

##### Descendants

* Chagatai: آيق (ayıq)
** Uzbek: ayiq
** Uyghur: ئېيىق (ëyiq)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ādïg (“sober”). Cognate with Chuvash урă (ură), Turkish ayık (“sober”) and Bashkir айыҡ (ayıq, “sober”).

#### Adjective

اَذِغْ (aδïɣ)
* sober, conscious

### References

* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aḏığ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 45-46

### Further reading

* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 63
* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Ercilasun, Ahmet B., Akkoyunlu Ziyat, transl., Kâşgarlı Mahmud Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Giriş - Metin - Çeviri - Notlar - Dizin [Mahmud al-Kashgari's “Compendium of the languages of the Turks” Introduction - Texts - Translation - Notes - Index] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 1120) (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 2020, →ISBN, page 30