# 啜

| 啜 | U+555C, &#21852; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555C |
| ← 啛 [U+555B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 啝 → [U+555D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

啜 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口水水水 (REEE), four-corner 6704$_7$, composition ⿰口叕)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 196, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3832
* Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 648, character 5
* Unihan data for U+555C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 啜
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蝃 | *tɯːds, *tjod |
| 欼 | *sʰrɯʔ |
| 綴 | *tods, *tod |
| 醊 | *tods, *tod |
| 畷 | *tods, *tod |
| 啜 | *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod |
| 餟 | *tods, *tod |
| 腏 | *tods, *toːd, *tod |
| 錣 | *tods, *rtoːd |
| 輟 | *tods, *tod |
| 娺 | *tul, *rtoːd |
| 窡 | *rtoːd, *rtoːd |
| 鵽 | *rtoːd, *rtoːd, *toːd |
| 掇 | *toːd, *tod |
| 剟 | *toːd, *tod |
| 裰 | *toːd |
| 敠 | *toːd, *sʰlod |
| 惙 | *tod |
| 罬 | *tod, *ktod |
| 叕 | *tod |
| 歠 | *tʰjod |
| 逫 | *tud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod).

### Etymology 1

Possibly related to 噆 (OC *ʔsluːb, “(of a mosquito) to bite”) (Schuessler, 2007).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “onomatopoeic? related to 嘬 (also /zyut3/ in Cantonese)?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuò (chuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyut$^3$ / zyut$^{3-1}$ / zyut$^{3-2}$ / cyut$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhot
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cod$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): chṳĕ
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiók / cuók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cue$^5$ / coeh$^6$ / cyeh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chheh / chherh / chhoeh / chhoat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): coih$^4$ / cuag$^4$ / cuêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tshoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻo$^4$
*** Yale: chwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuoh
*** Palladius: чо (čo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyut$^3$ / zyut$^{3-1}$ / zyut$^{3-2}$ / cyut$^3$
*** Yale: jyut / jyūt / jyút / chyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzyt$^8$ / dzyt$^{8-7}$ / dzyt$^{8-2}$ / tsyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jud$^3$ / jud$^{3-1}$ / jud$^{3-2}$ / qud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syːt̚³/, /t͡syːt̚³⁻⁵/, /t͡syːt̚³⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰyːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhot
*** Hakka Romanization System: cod$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰot̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔt̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiók / cuók
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuɔʔ²⁴/, /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/
* chiók - vernacular;
* cuók - literary.
* Middle Chinese: trjwejH, dzywejH, tsyhwet, dzywet
Rime :
| Character | 啜 | 啜 | 啜 | 啜 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 3/5 | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 常 (25) | 昌 (24) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (38) | 祭 (36) | 薛 (82) | 薛 (82) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟衛切 | 甞芮切 | 昌悅切 | 殊雪切 |
| Baxter | trjwejH | dzywejH | tsyhwet | dzywet |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiuᴇi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiuᴇi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰiuᴇt̚/ | /d͡ʑiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʷᵚiei$^H$/ | /d͡ʑʷiɛi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰʷiɛt̚/ | /d͡ʑʷiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuæi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiuæi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰjuæt̚/ | /d͡ʑjuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjwiaj$^H$/ | /d͡ʑwiaj$^H$/ | /cʰwiat̚/ | /d͡ʑwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjuɛi$^H$/ | /ʑiuɛi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰiuɛt̚/ | /ʑiuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭwɛi$^H$/ | /ʑĭwɛi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰĭuɛt̚/ | /ʑĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯wɛi$^H$/ | /ʑi̯wɛi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰi̯wɛt̚/ | /ʑi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuì | shuì | chuo | shuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^3$ | seoi$^6$ | cyut$^3$ | syut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰot/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tods/, /*djods/, /*tʰjod/, /*djod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhwet › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰot/ |
| English | taste, eat, drink (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啜 | 啜 | 啜 | 啜 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| No. | 17781 | 17786 | 17814 | 17816 |
| Phonetic component | 叕 | 叕 | 叕 | 叕 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 祭 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | | 歠 | |
| Old Chinese | /*tods/ | /*djods/ | /*tʰjod/ | /*djod/ |
| Notes | | | | 殊由姝校正 |

#### Definitions

啜
* (literary or dialectal) to taste; to eat; to drink; to sip
       bui$^1$ caa$^4$ zam$^1$ dak$^1$ taai$^3$ mun$^5$ laa$^3$, jiu$^3$ zyut$^3$ jat$^1$ daam$^6$ sin$^1$ ling$^1$ dak$^1$ hei$^2$. [Jyutping]
       This cup of tea is too full. You have to take a sip before lifting it up.
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhòngrén jiē zuì, hé bù bū qí zāo ér chuò qí lí? [Pinyin]
    Now that everyone else is drunk, why not taste a bit of those lees, or even take a sip of the diluted stuff?
    From: 《古芸堂筆記/고운당필기》, 1784
    Baek yeo nyeon lae, Manju jaje hak seohwa, changsu sijang; Monggo jang jung wichi godong, bunhyang cheol cha; Waeja ganghak, yeol sim simseong rigi. Cha so'i man'guk taepyeong ya yeo. [Sino-Korean]
    Since more than a hundred years, Manchu children have learned writing and painting and exchange poems to each other. The Mongols in their yurts deal with antique curios, burn incense, and sip on tea. The Japanese lecture the sciences, and are enthused by the nature of the human heart and the relationships between the cosmic principle and the vital force. This must be why the world is at peace.
* (Cantonese) to suck
    啜奶 [Cantonese] ― zyut$^3$ naai$^5$ [Jyutping] ― to suck milk
    啜手指 [Cantonese] ― zyut$^3$ sau$^2$ zi$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to suck on one's fingers
* (Cantonese) to kiss
    啜佢一啖 [Cantonese] ― zyut$^{3-1}$ keoi$^5$ jat$^1$ daam$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to give him/her a kiss
* (Cantonese) to stick to (a surface); to be stuck on
       tiu$^4$ fu$^3$ zyut$^3$ zyu$^6$ daai$^6$ bei$^2$, hou$^2$ m$^4$ syu$^1$ fuk$^6$. [Jyutping]
       My trousers are sticking to my thighs; it's so uncomfortable.
       zek$^3$ gaai$^3$ zi$^2$ taai$^3$ sai$^3$ laa$^3$, daai$^3$ go$^2$ si$^4$ zyut$^3$ sat$^6$ sau$^2$ zi$^2$. [Jyutping]
       The ring is too small. It gets stuck on my finger when I wear it.
* (literary) thick soup
* (literary) to sob; to weep
* (Hakka) Alternative form of 撮 (cod$^5$) to cheat; to deceive; to hoax

##### Usage notes

* In Hokkien, the sense of “to drink” is usually applied to soup or thin porridge, but not to water, alcoholic beverage, or other drinks.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 飲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 喝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 喝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 喝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 喝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 喝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 喝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 喝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 喝 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 喝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 喝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 喝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 喝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 喝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 喝, 吃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 喝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 喝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 喝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 吃, 喝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 喝, 呵, 汩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 吃, 喝, 汩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 喝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 吃, 喝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 吃, 喝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 吃, 喝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 喝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 飲, 呷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 飲, 呷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 飲, 食$_1$, 呷 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 呷, 吃 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 吃 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 食$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 飲, 食$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 吃 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 飲 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 飲 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 吃 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 吃 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 吃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 食$_1$, 啉, 飲, 啜 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 飲 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 食$_1$, 飲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 飲 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Changting | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Wuping | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Yudu | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 食$_1$, 啉, 飲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 食$_1$, 啉, 飲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 食$_1$, 啉, 飲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 食$_1$, 啉, 飲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 食$_1$, 啉, 飲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 啉, 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 食$_1$ |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 食$_1$, 飲, 啉 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 食$_1$ |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 吃 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 喝 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 喝 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 啜, 饁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 啜, 食$_3$ |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 食$_3$ |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 啉, 食$_3$, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 啉, 食$_3$, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 啉, 食$_3$, 啜 usually soup |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 啉 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 啉, 哈, 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 啉, 哈, 食$_3$, 灌 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 啉, 哈 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 啉 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 食$_3$, 啉 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 啜, 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 啜, 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 啜, 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 啜, 食$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 食$_3$, 啜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 飲 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 飲 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 飲, 吃, 呷 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃, 呷, 呼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 吃 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 吃, 呷, 呼 |
| Wu | Danyang | 吃 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 吃 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 吃 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 吃 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 呷, 吃 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 吃, 呷 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 吃 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 吃 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 吃, 呵 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吻, 親, 親吻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 吻, 親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 吻, 親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 吻, 親 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 惜, 啜, 痛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 惜, 啜, 嘴 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 啜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 啜 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 惜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唚 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 親 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 鼻 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 蜜 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 敕 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 鼻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 惜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香, 親 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 香 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 香 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 香 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 親 |

#### Compounds

* 啜哄
* 啜持
* 啜氣 / 啜气
* 啜汁
* 啜泣 (chuòqì)
* 啜茶
* 啜茗 (chuòmíng)
* 啜菽飲水 / 啜菽饮水
* 啜賺 / 啜赚
* 啜飲 / 啜饮 (chuòyǐn)
* 毋食圓也毋啜湯 / 毋食圆也毋啜汤
* 飲水啜菽 / 饮水啜菽
* 餔啜 / 𫗦啜 (būchuò)
* 餔糟啜醨 / 𫗦糟啜醨

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuó, chuò (zhuo$^2$, chuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ, ㄔㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻo$^4$
*** Yale: chwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuoh
*** Palladius: чо (čo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: trjwet
Rime :
| Character | 啜 |
| Reading # | 4/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (84) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟劣切 |
| Baxter | trjwet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʷᵚiet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tod/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啜 |
| Reading # | 3/5 |
| No. | 17808 |
| Phonetic component | 叕 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 輟 |
| Old Chinese | /*tod/ |

#### Definitions

啜
* (historical dictionaries only) to be talkative; to nag

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Chuài, Chuò (Chuai$^4$, Chuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄞˋ, ㄔㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^3$ / zyut$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): cod$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Chhòe / Chhè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cuag$^4$ / cuêg$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Chuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Chuài
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻuai$^4$
*** Yale: Chwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuay
*** Palladius: Чуай (Čuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Chuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Chuò
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻo$^4$
*** Yale: Chwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuoh
*** Palladius: Чо (Čo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^3$ / zyut$^3$
*** Yale: cheui / jyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^3$ / dzyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^3$ / jud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯³³/, /t͡syːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔt̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòe
*** Tâi-lô: Tshuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰue²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhè
*** Tâi-lô: Tshè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cuag$^4$ / cuêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuak / tshuek
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuak̚²/, /t͡sʰuek̚²/

#### Definitions

啜
* a surname

### References

* “啜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “啜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 35.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: せち (sechi)、てち (techi)
* Kan-on: せつ (setsu)、てつ (tetsu)
* Kun: すする (susuru, 啜る)

## Korean
### Hanja

啜 • (cheol) (hangeul 철)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.