# 荐

| 荐 | U+8350, &#33616; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8350 |
| ← 荏 [U+834F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 荑 → [U+8351] |

## Translingual
### Han character

荐 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿大中木 (TKLD), four-corner 4424$_7$, composition ⿱艹存)

#### Derived characters

* 𢞻, 鞯

#### Related characters

* 薦 (Traditional form of 荐)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30951
* Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3201, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8350

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 荐 | *zlɯːns |
| 洊 | *zlɯːns |
| 臶 | *zlɯːns, *zluːns |
| 栫 | *zlɯːns, *zluːns |
| 袸 | *zlɯːns, *zluːn |
| 存 | *zluːn |
| 拵 | *zluːn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlɯːns): semantic 艸 + phonetic 存 (OC *zluːn).

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 荐 – see 薦 (“to offer; to present; to recommend; to suggest; to endorse; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 薦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tswa-n (“grass”); cognate with Tibetan རྩྭ (rtswa, “grass”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^3$
*** Yale: jin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³³/
* Middle Chinese: dzenH
Rime :
| Character | 荐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 在甸切 |
| Baxter | dzenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zen$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zen$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zen$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tsˤə[n]-s/, /*[N-ts]ˤə[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 荐 | 荐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàn | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzen$^H$ › | ‹ dzen$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-tsˁə[n]-s/ | /*[N-ts]ˁə[n]-s/ |
| English | grass, herb | twice; a second time |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 荐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1900 |
| Phonetic component | 存 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 荐 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯːns/ |

#### Definitions

荐
* straw mat
* fodder grass
* repeatedly
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Jìn jiàn jī, shǐ qǐ dí yú Qín. [Pinyin]
    Jin, hit by consecutive crop failures, sent a delegation to Qin to request grain imports.
* (historical dictionaries only) to gather
* Alternative form of 薦 / 荐 (jiàn, “to recommend”)

##### Compounds

* 舉荐 (jǔjiàn)
* 荐仍
* 荐任
* 荐更
* 荐臻 (jiànzhēn)
* 草荐 (cǎojiàn)
* 荐蓁
* 荐食
* 荐饑
* 饑饉荐臻 / 饥馑荐臻 (jījǐnjiànzhēn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せん (sen)、ぜん (zen)
* Kun: しきりに (shikirini)

## Korean
### Hanja

荐 • (cheon, geon) (hangeul 천, 건, revised cheon, geon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, kŏn, Yale chen, ken)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

荐: Hán Nôm readings: tiến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation