# 盅

| 盅 | U+76C5, &#30405; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76C5 |
| ← 盄 [U+76C4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盆 → [U+76C6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

盅 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中月廿 (LBT), four-corner 5010$_7$, composition ⿱中皿)

#### Derived characters

* 𢝈, 𰜒, 𨡵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 793, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22958
* Dae Jaweon: page 1208, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2558, character 5
* Unihan data for U+76C5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 盅 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 中 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忠 | *tuŋ |
| 衷 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忡 | *tʰuŋ |
| 浺 | *tʰuŋ |
| 盅 | *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 种 | *duŋ |
| 沖 | *duŋ |
| 翀 | *duŋ |
| 仲 | *duŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ): phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”).

### Etymology 1

From 鍾 (OC *tjoŋ, “goblet”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zong$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chûng
    (Hailu, HRS): zhung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zoeng$^1$ / zyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tson
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zong$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zoeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
*** Tâi-lô: tsing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
* cheng - vernacular;
* chiong - literary.
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjoŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盅 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 17420 |
| Phonetic component | 中 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鍾 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjoŋ/ |
| Notes | 鍾今字 |

#### Definitions

盅
* small handleless cup; goblet
* (Hainanese) drinkware; cup (in general, with or without a handle)
* Classifier for the amount of liquid or objects in a handleless cup.
    一盅米酒 ― yī zhōng mǐjiǔ ― a goblet of rice wine
       jat$^1$ zung$^1$ fung$^6$ zaau$^2$ paai$^4$ gwat$^1$ faan$^6$ [Jyutping]
       a cup of rice with chicken feet and spareribs
* (Hainanese) Classifier for the amount of liquid or objects in a cup.
    From: 2015, 麦英, 海南鸡饭
    hai$^2$ ziah$^7$ goi$^1$ iam$^1$, nid$^7$ dih$^7$ bui$^1$ zin$^1$, song$^1$ ziang$^1$ go$^1$ vi$^6$, loh$^8$ dih$^7$ ghu$^2$ nin$^1$ [Guangdong Romanization]
    Butcher a capon, make some rice balls, make a cup of coffee, add some milk
    From: 郭坚 (lyricist), 椰子情
    gib$^7$ ghua$^3$ yiag$^8$ ziang$^1$ hhia$^2$ zi$^3$ dui$^3$, diao$^1$ su$^2$ dim$^1$ dong$^1$ hou$^3$ gang$^1$ lui$^5$ [Guangdong Romanization]
    Give me a cup of coconut water to remove the hardship and weariness in my heart.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 杯子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 杯子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 杯子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 杯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 杯子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 杯子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 杯子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 杯杯, 杯子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 杯子, 盞子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 杯子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 杯子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 杯子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 杯子, 盞子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 杯 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 杯子, 盅子, 甌子 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 杯子, 盅子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 杯哩 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 杯子 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Changting | 甌哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 杯 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 甌子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 杯 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 盞子, 杯 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 盅子, 杯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 甌子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 杯仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 甌, 杯 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 杯子, 杯 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 杯子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 杯子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 甌仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 杯杯 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 杯杯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 杯, 杯仔, 甌仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 杯, 甌仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 杯, 甌仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 杯仔, 甌仔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 甌 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 杯, 杯仔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 杯, 盅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 杯仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 盅 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 盅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 盅 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 杯 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 茶杯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 杯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 杯子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 杯子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 杯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 杯子, 盅子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 杯子, 盅子 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 杯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 杯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杯 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 杯 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 杯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 甌 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 杯 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 盅 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 盅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 盅 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 杯 |

#### Compounds

* 一盅兩件 / 一盅两件 (yīzhōngliǎngjiàn)
* 𠺘口盅
* 焗盅
* 煙灰盅 / 烟灰盅 (yānhuīzhōng)
* 盅子 (zhōngzi)
* 盅頭飯 / 盅头饭
* 盅飯 / 盅饭
* 茶盅 (cházhōng)
* 蓋盅兒 / 盖盅儿
* 酒盅

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōng (chong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chong
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
*** Palladius: чун (čun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: drjuwng, trhjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 盅 | 盅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直弓切 | 敕中切 |
| Baxter | drjuwng | trhjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨuŋ/ | /ʈʰɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiuŋ/ | /ʈʰiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuŋ/ | /ȶʰiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuwŋ/ | /ʈʰuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiuŋ/ | /ȶʰiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭuŋ/ | /ȶʰĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯uŋ/ | /ȶʰi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chóng | chōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^4$ | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*duŋ/, /*tʰuŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盅 | 盅 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/3 |
| No. | 17417 | 17414 |
| Phonetic component | 中 | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蟲 | 忡 |
| Old Chinese | /*duŋ/ | /*tʰuŋ/ |
| Notes | | 後作沖，虛也 |

#### Definitions

盅
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of a container) empty

### Further reading

* “盅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “盅”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 311.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* small cup
* small bowl

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちゅう (chū)、じゅ (ju)
* Kun: むなしい (munashii)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰuŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [충]

### Hanja

盅 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)
* small cup
* small bowl

## Vietnamese
### Han character

盅: Hán Việt readings: chung, trung
盅: Nôm readings: chung, trung
* chữ Hán form of chung (“small handleless cup”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Trần (1999).