# ich
## Translingual
### Symbol

ich
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Etkywan.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Etkywan terms

## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, iċċ (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”). See also ch-, I.

#### Alternative forms

* Iche, che, 'ch-, ch-

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iːt͡ʃ/, /ɪt͡ʃ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːtʃ, -ɪtʃ
* Homophones: each, itch

#### Pronoun

ich
* (personal, obsolete) I.
** 1529, John Skelton, Elynour Rummyng:"Behold," she sayd, "and se How bright I am of ble! Ich am not cast away, That can my husband say, [...]"
** 1561, John Awdelay, The fraternitye of vacabondes:My maysters, ich am an old man, and halfe blinde, […]
** 1568, Thomas Howell, Arbor of Amitie:With cap and knee, ich will serve thee, what should ich more declare.
** 1578, George Whetstone, The right, excellent and famous Historye of Promos and Cassandra:Kissyng and lying ich see is all one: And chave no mony, chul tell true therfore.
** 1645, Thomas Davies, The Somersetshire Man's Complaint:Dost thinke 'chill labor to be poore, No no, ich haue a-doe..Ich will a plundering too.
** [1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Ich”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:Ich, a Word us'd for I in the Weſtern Parts of England.]

##### Usage notes

Ich was the form of I found in the dialects of the West Country, West Midlands, and Kent. It began to disappear from written English with the onset of the Chancery Standard in the 15th century, yet continued to see limited use until the middle of the 19th century.
The Northern dialectal form, ik (which derives from the same Old English root), likewise disappeared from writing with the onset of the Chancery Standard in the 15th century.

##### Derived terms

* nich
* chill (“I will”)
* cham (“I am”)

#### See also

* chinny reckon
* ich-laut (from the German cognate)

### Etymology 2

Clipping of ichthyophthiriasis.

#### Alternative forms

* ick

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪk/

#### Noun

ich (uncountable)
* (ichthyology) Ichthyophthiriasis, a parasitic infection of freshwater fish caused by ciliates of genus Ichthyophthirius.
** 1996, Edward J. Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, Iowa State University Press (2000), →ISBN, page 95:Ich is one of the most common diseases of freshwater fish.

##### Derived terms

* marine ich

### Anagrams

* IHC, Chi., Ch'i, chi, ch'i, CIH, Chi, hic, CHI, HCI

## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* i
* ig (Bern)

### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik. Cognate with German ich, Dutch ik, English I, ich, Icelandic ég.

### Pronunciation

* (Lower Alemannic (Northern Alsace)) IPA: /iʃ/, /eʃ/, /iː/ (i is the unstressed pronoun, used after the verb, as in hiit hàw i dìs g'màcht (today I have done this), but it is always ìch before the verb, never i)
* (Higher Alemannic (Southern Alsace)) IPA: /ix/, /ex/, /iː/ (unstressed)
* (Zürich) IPA: /ix/, /i/ (unstressed), IPA: [ɪːx] (stressed)

### Pronoun

ich
* I

#### Declension
## Central Franconian
### Alternative forms

* eich (Moselle Franconian, stressed)
* ech (some dialects of Ripuarian; Moselle Franconian, unstressed, enclitic)

### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
The expected form is ech; the variant ich is from a form *īh with expressive lengthening (compare the corresponding diphthong in Moselle Franconian).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɕ/, [iɕ]
** IPA: [eɕ] → [əɕ] → [ɕ] (unstressed; enclitic before a consonant)
** IPA: [ij] (enclitic before a vowel)
* The enclitic pronunciation is used after verbs and conjunctions (unless the pronoun is stressed).

### Pronoun

ich
* (some dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch) I; nominative of the first-person singular personal pronoun
    Dat senn ich op däm Fotto.That’s I (or: me) in this photo.

#### Declension

Ripuarian (regional forms: Aachen [A], Cologne [C]; reduced or unstressed forms: red.):
In other dialects:
* ät (“it”) (Düren)

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* i (Luserna)

### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.

### Pronoun

ich
* (Sette Comuni) I

#### Inflection
### References

* “ich” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
* 2013, Umberto Patuzzi (ed.), Sette Comuni / Siben Komoinen: Le nostre parole – D’ögnar börtar – Unsere Wörter, Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
* 2013, Umberto Patuzzi (ed.), Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole – Ünsarne börtar – Unsere Wörter, Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Crimean Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

### Pronoun

ich
* I
** 1589, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, letter:Ich malthata. Ego dico.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## East Central German
### Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

### Pronoun

ich
* (Silesian, also Breslauisch) I

#### Declension

* sie/se and es can be contracted into s'e's (= SHG: sie es)

#### See also

other personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns:
* mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
* dei; Dei (2nd ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
* ihr (3rd ps. sg. fem. possessive pronoun)
* unser, ünser / ünser (1st ps. pl. possessive pronoun)
* Ihr; Euch (grammatically: 2nd ps. pl.)
* Sie; Ihn'n (grammatically: 3rd ps. pl.)
* sihch, sich / sich (reflexive pronoun)

### Pronoun

ich
* (Silesian, also Gebirgsschlesisch) I

#### Declension

Gebirgsschlesisch:
Additionally there are:
* sa (= SHG: sie ihn)
* sa (= SHG: es ihnen)
* marn (= SHG: wir ihn)
* mida (= SHG: mit ihnen; from mit (“with”))
Also:
Additionally there are:
* Ihr, I'r; Eich (Euch) (grammatically: 2nd ps. pl.; semantically: 2nd ps. sg. or pl.)
* Sie, Se; I'n (grammatically: 3rd ps. pl.; semantically: 2nd ps. sg.)
Notes:
* The forms uns, euch, Euch are rare, and could arguably be mistakes or misprints influenced by SHG uns, euch.

#### See also

possessive and reflexive pronouns - Gebirgsschlesisch:
* mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
* dei (2nd ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
* insa (1st ps. pl. possessive pronoun)
* siech (reflexive pronoun)
possessive and reflexive pronouns - also:
* ünser (1st ps. pl.)
* sich (reflexive pronoun)

### Pronoun

ich
* (Silesian, Gebirgsschlesisch) I

#### Declension

* Nominative: ich
* Dative: mir; mer
* Accusative: mich

#### See also

other personal and possessive pronouns:
* mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
* du, de; dir, der; dich; dei (2nd ps. sg.)
* a; ihm; ihn (3rd ps. sg. m.)
* -'s, -s, -'sch (after r as in mer'sch) (3rd ps. sg. n.)
* sei (3rd ps. sg. m. & n. possessive pronoun)
* se (3rd ps. sg. f.)
* ihr (3rd ps. sg. f. possessive pronoun)
* mer; ins; ins; inser (1st ps. pl.)

### Pronoun

ich
* (Silesian) I

#### Declension

* Nominative: ich
* Dative: mir; mer
* Accusative: miech; mich

#### See also

* Du, De; Dir, Der; Diech, Dich (2nd ps. sg.)

### Pronoun

ich
* (Obererzgebirge, Salzungen, Ruhla) I

#### Declension

Obererzgebirge:
* Nominative: ich
* Dative: mir
* Accusative: mich
Salzungen:
* Nominative: ich
* Dative: me
* Accusative: mich
Ruhla:

#### Alternative forms

* ig (mer, mig) (Obererzgebirge)

#### References

* Die Ruhlaer Mundart dargestellt von Karl Regel. Weimar, Hermann Boehlau. 1868

### Pronoun

ich
* (Oberlausitz, Altenburg, Mansfeld, Niederlausitz) I

#### Declension

Oberlausitz, Altenburg:
* Nominative: ich; -'ch, 'ch
* Dative: mir
* Accusative: mich
Mansfeld:
* Nominative: ich; -'ch, 'ch
* Dative: mich
* Accusative: mich
Niederlausitz:
* Nominative: ich; -'ich (as in hua-'ich = SHG habe ich), -ich (as in hua-ich = SHG habe ich)
* Dative: merr
* Accusative: merr

#### See also

* du (2nd ps. sg.)

### Pronoun

ich
* (Nord-Thüringisch, Wasungen, Erzgebirgisch) I

#### Declension

Erzgebirge:
* Nominative: îch, ich
* Dative: mir, mr
* Accusative: mîch, mich
Nord-Thüringisch:
    Separated by semicolon are: strong/normal form ; weak/enclitic form
Wasungen:

#### See also

Erzgebirge:
* mr (1st ps. pl.)
* ihr; eich (2nd ps. pl.)
Nord-Thüringisch:
* sich (reflexive pronoun)

### Pronoun

ich
* (Alzenau) I

### See also

* ech

### References

* Idioticon der nord-thüringischen Mundart. – Den Bürgern Nordhausens gewidmet von Dr. Martin Schultze. Nordhausen. Verlag von Ferd. Förstemann. 1874
* Schriften des Vereins für Sachsen-Meiningische Geschichte und Landeskunde. 71. Heft. Inhalt: Die Wasunger Mundart, 2. Teil. Von Kirchenrat Edinhard Reichardt in Meiningen. Hildburghausen. F. W. Gadow & Sohn, Herzogliche Hofbuchdruckerei. 1914
* Marek Dolatowski (2015) “Pochodzenie etnolektu hałcnowskiego w świetle fonetyki i fonologii historycznej”, in Badania diachroniczne w Polsce (in Polish)
* Marek Dolatowski (2013) “Słownictwo hałcnowskie jako odbicie historii etnolektu i historii wsi”, in Kwartalnik Językoznawczy (in Polish)
* Marek Dolatowski (2013) “Słowniczek polsko-hałcnowski”, in Kwartalnik Językoznawczy (in Polish)

## East Franconian
### Pronoun

ich
* I

## German
### Alternative forms

* Ich (royal)

### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪç/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Homophone: Ich
* Rhymes: -ɪç

### Pronoun

ich
* I (first person singular nominative (subject) pronoun)

#### Declension

$^1$These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.   $^2$enclitic, colloquial   $^3$archaic
In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even there. They may be used:
* for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Er erbarmte sich meiner. – "He had mercy on me". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
* with certain adjectives or prepositions that govern the genitive, such as statt ("instead of, in place of"): Er kam statt meiner in die Mannschaft. – "He joined the team in my place." This sounds antiquated, and an meiner Statt or an meiner Stelle is preferable (in which case meiner is not a genitive, but a form of the possessive determiner mein).

#### Derived terms

* Ich n
* lyrisches Ich n

### Further reading

* “ich” in Duden online
* “ich” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hunsrik
### Alternative forms

* eich

### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iç/

### Pronoun

ich
* I
    Ich sin en Fraa.I am a woman.
    Ich komme fun de Fabrick.I'm coming from the factory.

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “ich”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 80

## Hutterisch
### Pronoun

ich
* I

## Jakaltek
### Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *iihk.

### Noun

ich
* chili pepper

### References

* Church, Clarence, Church, Katherine (1955) Vocabulario castellano-jacalteco, jacalteco-castellano‎ (in Spanish), Guatemala C. A.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 18; 24

## Limburgish
### Alternative forms

* iech, ik
* iich (Eupen)
* ech (Southeast Limburgish)

### Etymology

From Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik.

### Pronunciation

* (most dialects) IPA: [ɪx]
* (Maastrichtian) IPA: [ix]

### Pronoun

ich (personal)
* I

#### Inflection

| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| nominative | ich, 'ch | weet | weer, veer, v'r |
| genitive | miener, miens | ózzer | ózzer |
| locative | miches | ózzes | ózzes |
| dative | mir | ós | ós |
| accusative | mich | ós | ós |
* ↑ Dual has been extinct for many centuries.
* ↑ Genitive is no longer part of the living language.
* ↑ Locative may have existed at some point in the past.
* ↑ Dative is nowadays obsolete, accusative is used instead.

## Luo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪ̀c/

### Noun

ich
* stomach

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /itʃ/

#### Pronoun

ich
* Alternative form of I

##### Usage notes

* Ich is the Southern and sometimes Midland form of I in Middle English, which corresponds to ik of the Northern dialect.

### Etymology 2
#### Determiner

ich
* Alternative form of ech

#### Pronoun

ich
* Alternative form of ech

## Middle High German
### Etymology

From Old High German ih.

### Pronoun

ich
* (personal) I

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
** Sensler: [iː]
** Swabian: i
*** Sathmar Swabian: i
* Bavarian: i
** Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna)
** Gottscheerish: iχ, ī, i (unstressed); iχχe (emphatic)
** Mòcheno: i
* Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech
** Hunsrückisch: äijsch
*** Hunsrik: ich [ɪç]
** Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ]
** Kölsch: ich
* East Central German:
** Erzgebirgisch: iech
** Silesian East Central German: iech
** Upper Saxon German: isch, ische
* East Franconian: i, iech
* German: ich
* Luxembourgish: ech
* Rhine Franconian:
** Hessian: aisch
** Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç]
* Vilamovian: ych
* Yiddish: איך (ich)

### References

* ↑ Schmutz, Christian; Haas, Walter. (2004). Senslerdeutsches Wörterbuch. 2nd edition, Freiburg: Paulusverlag.
* ↑ Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson. (1996). Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: Ein Beitrag zur Beschreibung einer deutschbrasilianischen Dialektvarietät im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen. (Mainzer Studien zur Sprach- und Volksforschung 21.) Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
* ↑ "ich". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.
* ↑ Online-Wörterbuch der Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch, Stichwort »ich« (URL).
* ↑ Kelz, Heinrich P. (1971). Phonologische Analyse des Pennsylvaniadeutschen. Hamburg: Buske.

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih. Compare German ich, Dutch ik, English I, Old Norse ek.

### Pronoun

ich
* I

#### Declension

$^1$ unstressed

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jixъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eiša, from Proto-Indo-European *éysom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈix/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -ix
* Syllabification: ich

### Pronoun

ich (indeclinable)
* possessive pronoun for oni or one, namely their or theirs

### Pronoun

ich
* genitive of oni; them
* genitive of one; them
* personal masculine accusative of oni; them

### See also

* nich
* Appendix:Polish pronouns

### Further reading

* ich in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ich in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Rhine Franconian
### Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

### Pronoun

ich
* (Kassel) I

#### See also

* Du; De (“you (singular)”)

## Slovak
### Alternative forms

* nich, ne (after prepositions)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ix]

### Pronoun

ich (indeclinable)
* (possessive) their, theirs

### Pronoun

ich
* genitive/accusative of oni and ony

### Related terms

* masculine animate only, ony otherwise

### Further reading

* “ich”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Swabian
### Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

### Pronoun

ich
* (possibly less common) I
** 1863, Jakob Friedrich Schmidt, Gedichte in schwäbischer Mundart von J. F. Schmidt:
*** p. 16:
    Daß iar aber it moinet, i dä gar nix dett doba, so habe ich nothwendig Euch zu sagen, daß dau Arbet gnug geit, [...]
    Ich habe zwar nicht nothwendig Euch zu sagen, warum i net mitturna dua, abr [...]
*** P 30:
    „Herr Fürst,“ haut do der Pfortner gsait, „Ich habs verstekt da nei, Denn da kommt ebn die ganze Zeit Kei eiz'ger Mensch nich rei!“
*** P 46:
    Darum will ich ihm iatz deuta, Daß mir ganz mit Heaz und Händ Alles Loid und alle Freuda Redlich mit ihm thoila wend.

#### Declension

* Nominative: ich (less common); i
* Dative: mir
* Accusative: mi

#### Alternative forms

* i', i

#### Descendants

* Sathmar Swabian: i

#### See also

* Du, dat. Dir, acc. Di (“you (singular)”)
* -s (“it, enclitic”)

### Pronoun

ich
* dative and accusative of ihr (“you (plural)”)

## Transylvanian Saxon
### Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

### Pronoun

ich
* I

## Volga German
### Pronoun

ich
* I

## Yola
### Alternative forms

* Ich

### Etymology

From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Compare obsolete English ich.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪt͡ʃ/

### Pronoun

ich
* I
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:Ich woul ich had.I wish I had.
** 1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:A portion ich gae her, was (it's now ich have ee-tolth)The portion I gave her was (it's now I have told)
** 1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 5-6:If ich hadh Peeougheen a Buch, Meyleare a Slut, Peedher Ghiel-laaune, an Jackeen Bugaaune,If I had Hugh the Buck, Meyler the Sloven, Peter the Smart Man, and John Boggan,

#### Synonyms

* 'ch- (clitic)

#### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 47

## Yucatec Maya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *Haty.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈit͡ʃ]

### Noun

ich (plural ichoʼob)
* eye
* face
* fruit

### References

* Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 164: “Ich ssssss s ssss Ojo.”
* Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, page 59

## Zipser German
### Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

### Pronoun

ich
* I