# 冶

| 冶 | U+51B6, &#20918; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B6 |
| ← 况 [U+51B5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冷 → [U+51B7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冶 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一戈口 (IMIR), four-corner 3316$_0$, composition ⿰冫台)

#### Derived characters

* 𬜷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1621
* Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 7
* Unihan data for U+51B6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冶 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yě (ye$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): je$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
* Northern Min (KCR): iǎ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iá
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yě
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yě
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^3$
*** Yale: yě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yee
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: je$^5$
*** Yale: yéh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: je$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yé$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ya$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ya$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /ia²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
*** Tâi-lô: iá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: yaeX
Rime :
| Character | 冶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊者切 |
| Baxter | yaeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | je$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14811 |
| Phonetic component | 冶 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 野 |
| Old Chinese | /*laːʔ/ |

### Definitions

冶
* to smelt (metal)
    冶煉／冶炼 ― yěliàn ― to smelt (metal)
    冶金 ― yějīn ― metallurgy
    陶冶 ― táoyě ― to make pottery and smelt metal; (by extension) to shape; to cultivate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smelter (someone who casts metal)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smelting furnace
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smelter (a place where smelting or casting is done)
* (derogatory, of woman's look) seductive; bewitching
    妖冶 ― yāoyě ― seductive; bewitching
    冶容 ― yěróng ― to dress up seductively; seductive look
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 野
* a surname

### Compounds

* 丰姿冶麗
* 佳冶
* 倡條冶葉 / 倡条冶叶
* 公冶 (Gōngyě)
* 公冶長 / 公冶长
* 冶坊
* 冶容 (yěróng)
* 冶容誨淫 / 冶容诲淫
* 冶工
* 冶煉 / 冶炼 (yěliàn)
* 冶父
* 冶葛
* 冶葉倡條 / 冶叶倡条
* 冶蕩 / 冶荡
* 冶豔 / 冶艳
* 冶遊 / 冶游 (yěyóu)
* 冶金 (yějīn)
* 大冶 (Dàyě)
* 大冶鐵礦 / 大冶铁矿
* 大冶鐵路 / 大冶铁路
* 妖冶 (yāoyě)
* 姚冶
* 嬌冶 / 娇冶
* 宋畫吳冶 / 宋画吴冶
* 容冶
* 弓冶
* 朝冶
* 歐冶子 / 欧冶子
* 歐冶鑄劍 / 欧冶铸剑
* 舉止閑冶 / 举止闲冶
* 良冶
* 融冶
* 豔冶 / 艳冶 (yànyě)
* 遊冶 / 游冶
* 鍊冶 / 炼冶
* 鎔冶 / 镕冶 (róngyě)
* 鑪冶 / 𬬻冶
* 陶冶 (táoyě)
* 電冶 / 电冶

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* smelting

#### Readings

* Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
* Kun: いる (iru, 冶る)

#### Compounds

* 冶金(やきん) (yakin): metallurgy
* 冶容(やよう) (yayō): to put on makeup; a charming figure

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冶 (MC yaeX).
Historical Readings :
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 불무 (Yale: pwùlmwù) | 야〯 (Yale: yă) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ja̠(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

冶 (eumhun 풀무 야 (pulmu ya))
* hanja form of 야 (“lewd, NSFW, erotic, sexy”) [prefix; adjectival root]
* hanja form of 야 (“smelting; smelter”) [affix]

### Compounds

* 단야 (鍛冶, danya, “smelting”)
* 도야 (陶冶, doya, “self-cultivation”)
* 야공 (冶工, yagong, “smelter”)
* 야금 (冶金, yageum, “metallurgy”)
* 야동 (冶動, yadong, “porn video”)
* 야사 (冶寫, yasa, “NSFW photo”)
* 야설 (冶說, yaseol, “erotic fiction”)
* 야용 (冶容, yayong, “dressing up seductively”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冶: Hán Nôm readings: dã
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation