# karš
## Latvian
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete spelling) kaŗš

### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *karyas, from Proto-Indo-European *koryos, from *ker-. Cognates include Lithuanian kãras, dialectal kãrias, Old Prussian kargis ([karjis], “troops, army”) (misspelled as kragis in the 16th-century text), karyago (“travels”) (i.e., “war path”), Middle Irish cuire (“army; troops”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis), Old Norse herr, German Heer (“army”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “leader, commander”) (< *koiros < *koryos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kàɾʃ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

karš m (1st declension)
* war (organized armed conflict between two or more countries, peoples, ethnic or social groups)
    Pirmais pasaules karš ― First World War
    Otrais pasaules karš ― Second World War
    aizstāvēšanās, uzbrukuma karš ― defensive, offensive war
    agresīvs karš ― aggressive war
    taisnīgs karš ― just, rightful war
    koloniālais karš ― colonial war
    pilsoņu karš ― civil war
    nacionālās atbrīvošanās karš ― national liberation war
    partizānu karš ― partisan, guerrilla war
    izsīkuma karš ― war of attrition
    krusta karš ― crusade (lit. cross war)
    karš pret iebrucējiem ― war against invaders
    ķīmiskais karš ― chemical warfare
    bioloģiskais karš ― biological warfare
    bakterioloģiskais karš ― bacteriological warfare
    kodoltermiskais karš ― thermonuclear war
    kara kurinātāji, kūrēji ― warmongers
    izcēlās karš ― war broke out
    kara sākums ― the beginning of war
    pieteikt karu ― to declare war
    uzvarēt karu, karā ― to win the war
    zaudēt karu, karā ― to lose the war
    izbeigt karu ― to put an end to the war
    doties karā ― to go to war
    atgriezties no kara ― to return from war
    karš ir tās politikas turpinājums ar varmācības līdzekļiem, kuru piekopa karojošo lielvalstu valdošās šķiras jau ilgi pirms kara ― war is the continuation, by means of violence, of policies which were practiced by the ruling classes of the warring countries long before the war
* (in the genitive, used adjectivally) war; relating to war
    kara bēgli ― war refugees
    kara veterāns ― war veteran
    kara invalīds ― war invalid
    kara stāvoklis ― state of war
    kara darbība ― act of war
    kara gājiens, karagājiens ― war march, crusade
    kara lauks, karalauks ― battlefield (lit. war field)
    kara gūsteknis ― prisoner of war
    kara noziedznieks ― war criminal
* (in the genitive, used adjectivally) war, military (relating to the armed forces or to military service)
    jūras kara flote ― Navy (lit. sea war fleet)
    kara rūpnīca ― military industry
    kara medicīnas dienests ― military medical service
    kara hospitāls, ārsts ― military hospital, doctor
    kara lidmašīna ― military airplane
    kara dienests, karadienests ― military service
    kara apgabals ― military district
    kara skola, karaskola ― military school
    kara akadēmija ― military academy
    kara zinātne ― military science
    kara māksla, karamāksla ― the art of war; warfare
    kara noslēpums ― war secret, military secret
    kara tribunāls ― military tribunal
    kara tiesa ― court martial (lit. military court)
    kara bāze, osta ― military base, port
    kara mūzika ― military music
    kara klausība, karaklausība ― military conscription
    kara kungs ― war lord
* (figuratively) war (serious conflict, struggle, fight, clash between enemies)
    aukstais karš ― cold war
    ideoloģiskais karš ― ideological war
    ekonomiskais karš ― economic war
    jāpiesaka bargs karš pret māņticībām ― it is necessary to declare harsh war against superstitions
* (figuratively) war (disagreement, dispute, quarrel)
    vārdu karš ― war of words
    aizmirsušies nemitīgie mājas kari par jaunām kleitām ― they (had) forgotten the persistent domestic wars about new dresses

#### Derived terms

* aukstais karš
* karaspēks
* karavīrs
* pēckarš
* pirmskarš

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “karš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN