# 饒

| 饒 | U+9952, &#39250; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9952 |
| ← 饑 [U+9951] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 饓 → [U+9953] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 饒 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𩜙 |
| Simplified | 饶 |

### Han character

饒 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+12, 21 strokes, cangjie input 人戈土土山 (OIGGU), four-corner 8471$_1$, composition ⿰飠堯)

#### Derived characters

* 𠑬, 𡆁, 𦣗, 𥍘, 𦈂, 𲄖, 𩽸, 𩰈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1425, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44400
* Dae Jaweon: page 1951, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4472, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9952

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撓 | *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ |
| 鐃 | *rŋaːw |
| 譊 | *rŋaːw |
| 橈 | *rŋaːws, *ŋjew |
| 磽 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ |
| 墝 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw |
| 穘 | *hŋreːw |
| 顤 | *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws |
| 燒 | *hŋjew, *hŋjaws |
| 饒 | *ŋjew, *ŋjaws |
| 蟯 | *ŋjew, *ʔŋew |
| 蕘 | *ŋjew |
| 襓 | *ŋjew |
| 繞 | *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws |
| 遶 | *ŋjewʔ |
| 嬈 | *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws |
| 趬 | *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews |
| 蹺 | *ŋ̊ʰew |
| 翹 | *ɡew, *ɡews |
| 澆 | *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws |
| 驍 | *ŋkeːw |
| 僥 | *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw |
| 堯 | *ŋeːw |
| 垚 | *ŋeːw |
| 嶢 | *ŋeːw |
| 獟 | *ŋeːws |
| 膮 | *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ |
| 嘵 | *hŋeːw |
| 憢 | *hŋeːw |
| 曉 | *hŋeːwʔ |
| 皢 | *hŋeːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋjew, *ŋjaws): semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ráo (rao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngièu
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiau
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): niâu
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngièu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liâu / jiâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riao$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gniau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ráo
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ráo
*** Wade–Giles: jao$^2$
*** Yale: ráu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rau
*** Palladius: жао (žao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^4$
*** Yale: yìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngieu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngieu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯eu̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiau
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiau⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niâu
*** Sinological IPA : /niau³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièu
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋieu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâu
*** Tâi-lô: liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaau
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liau²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiâu
*** Tâi-lô: jiâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiaau
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: riao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiâu
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziau⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gniau
*** MiniDict: nyau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyiau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɔ²³/
* Middle Chinese: nyew, nyewH
Rime :
| Character | 饒 | 饒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 如招切 | 人要切 |
| Baxter | nyew | nyewH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇu/ | /ȵiᴇu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛu/ | /ȵiɛu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæu/ | /ȵʑjæu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiaw/ | /ȵiaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛu/ | /ȵiɛu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛu/ | /ȵʑĭɛu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛu/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ráo | rào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^4$ | jiu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ew/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋjew/, /*ŋjaws/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 饒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ráo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyew › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ew/ (< uvular?) |
| English | abundant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 饒 | 饒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14668 | 14677 |
| Phonetic component | 垚 | 垚 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 饒 | 饒 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋjew/ | /*ŋjaws/ |

### Definitions

饒
* abundant; plentiful
* to forgive; to have mercy on; to let off; to spare
    請饒我一命吧！／请饶我一命吧！ ― Qǐng ráo wǒ yīmìng ba! ― Please spare my life!
* (Mandarin, colloquial, often of the vendor) to give as a giveaway, or as an extra
       Jiǎ: “Jiějie, kàn hǎo le, zhèi yú sì jīn gāogāor de.” Yǐ: “Mà gāogāor de! Zài gěi ráo yī tiáo.” [Pinyin]
       A: “Look, ma'am, all this fish is heavier than two kilos already! (pointing to the steelyard balance which is tilted towards the fish side)” B: “What are you talking about! Add another fish please (so that it is actually ‘two kilos' worth of fish’).”
* (colloquial) even though; though; despite
* a surname
    饒宗頤／饶宗颐 ― Ráo Zōngyí ― Jao Tsung-I

#### Synonyms

* (abundant):
* 優 / 优 (yōu)
* 優厚 / 优厚 (yōuhòu)
* 充牣 (chōngrèn) (literary)
* 充盈 (chōngyíng)
* 博大 (bódà)
* 宏富 (hóngfù) (literary)
* 富足 (fùzú)
* 寬裕 / 宽裕 (kuānyù)
* 從容 / 从容
* 滿盈 / 满盈 (mǎnyíng) (literary)
* 盎然 (àngrán)
* 豐厚 / 丰厚 (fēnghòu)
* 豐富 / 丰富 (fēngfù)
* 豐滿 / 丰满 (fēngmǎn)
* 豐盛 / 丰盛 (fēngshèng)
* 豐碩 / 丰硕 (fēngshuò)
* 豐足 / 丰足 (fēngzú)
* (to forgive):
* 包容 (bāoróng)
* 原 (yuán) (literary, or in compounds)
* 原宥 (yuányòu) (literary)
* 原情 (Hokkien)
* 原諒 / 原谅 (yuánliàng)
* 寬大 / 宽大 (kuāndà)
* 寬容 / 宽容 (kuānróng)
* 寬恕 / 宽恕 (kuānshù)
* 諒情 / 谅情 (Hokkien)
* 諒解 / 谅解 (liàngjiě)
* 貸 / 贷 (literary, or in compounds)
* 饒恕 / 饶恕 (ráoshù)
* 饒赦 / 饶赦 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* (even though):
* even (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* 不怕 (bùpà)
* 任憑 / 任凭 (rènpíng)
* 作哩 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 作算 (zo$^6$ sonn$^4$) (Xiang)
* 儘管 / 尽管
* 即令 (jílìng)
* 即使 (jíshǐ)
* 即便 (jíbiàn)
* 哪怕 (nǎpà) (informal)
* 就 (jiù)
* 就使 (Hokkien)
* 就算 (jiùsuàn) (colloquial)
* 就若 (Hokkien)
* 就若是 (Hokkien)
* 怕不 (pàbù) (literary or dialectal)
* 縱 / 纵 (formal)
* 縱使 / 纵使 (zòngshǐ)
* 縱然 / 纵然 (zòngrán)
* 設令 / 设令 (shèlìng)

### Compounds

* 上饒 / 上饶 (Shàngráo)
* 不饒 / 不饶
* 假饒 / 假饶
* 告饒 / 告饶 (gàoráo)
* 多嘴饒舌 / 多嘴饶舌
* 富饒 / 富饶 (fùráo)
* 寬饒 / 宽饶
* 擔饒 / 担饶
* 求饒 / 求饶 (qiúráo)
* 沃饒 / 沃饶
* 白饒 / 白饶 (báiráo)
* 耽饒 / 耽饶
* 肥饒 / 肥饶 (féiráo)
* 討饒 / 讨饶 (tǎoráo)
* 討饒頭 / 讨饶头
* 豐饒 / 丰饶 (fēngráo)
* 饒人 / 饶人
* 饒侈 / 饶侈
* 饒免 / 饶免
* 饒命 / 饶命 (ráomìng)
* 饒富 / 饶富
* 饒平 / 饶平 (Ráopíng)
* 饒恕 / 饶恕 (ráoshù)
* 饒樂 / 饶乐
* 饒沃 / 饶沃
* 饒河 / 饶河 (Ráohé)
* 饒益 / 饶益
* 饒舌 / 饶舌 (ráoshé)
* 饒舌歌曲 / 饶舌歌曲
* 饒舌調脣 / 饶舌调唇
* 饒蔡 / 饶蔡 (Ráocài)
* 饒衍 / 饶衍
* 饒讓 / 饶让
* 饒頭 / 饶头

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: nhiêu (饒)
Others:
* → Proto-Vietic: *ɲiew
** Vietnamese: nhiều

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𩜙 |
| Kyūjitai | 饒 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𩜙)
* abundant

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Kun: ゆたか (yutaka, 饒か)
* Nanori: あつし (atsushi)、たかし (takashi)、にぎ (nigi)、ゆたか (yutaka)

## Korean
### Hanja

饒 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

饒: Hán Việt readings: nhiêu
饒: Nôm readings: nhau, nhiêu, nheo, nhiều, sèo, xèo
* chữ Nôm form of nhau (“in common; together; communally; reciprocally; to each other”).
** 1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, line 2:𡦂(chữ)才(tài)𡦂(chữ)命(mệnh)窖(khéo)⿱罒𪜀(là)恄(ghét)饒(nhau)Talent and fate are always apt to strife

### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).