# مثال
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root م ث ل (m ṯ l). Compare Hebrew מָשָׁל (“example, allegory”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mi.θaːl/

### Noun

مِثَال • (miṯāl) m (plural أَمْثِلَة (ʔamṯila) or مُثُل (muṯul) or مُثْل (muṯl))
* verbal noun of مَاثَلَ (māṯala) (form III)
* resemblance, anything equal or similar
* image, type, model, example, specimen
* pattern, standard
* form, formula, formulary
* simile, allegory, parable, fable, tale
* vision in a dream
* manner, method
* definite quantity
* order, command, written order
* retaliation
* (grammar) assimilated verb (beginning with و (w) or ي (y))
* bed, carpet

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: مثال (miṯāl)
* → Avar: мисал (misal)
* → Azerbaijani: misal
* → Bashkir: миҫал (miśal)
* → Baluchi: مثال (misál)
* → Crimean Tatar: misal
* → Kazakh: мысал (mysal)
* → Kurdish:
** Northern Kurdish: mîsal
* → Kyrgyz: мисал (misal)
* → Lezgi: мисал (misal)
* → Malay: misal
** Indonesian: misal
* → Ottoman Turkish: مثال (misâl)
** > Turkish: misal (inherited)
* → Classical Persian: مِثَال (misāl)
** → Pashto: مِثال
** → Punjabi:
*** Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਸਾਲ (misāl)
*** Shahmukhi script: مِثال (mis̱āl)
** → Hindustani:
*** Hindi: मिसाल (misāl)
*** Urdu: مِثال (mis̱āl)
* → Tatar: мисал (misal), misal
* → Turkmen: mysal
* → Uyghur: مىسال (misal)
* → Uzbek: misol

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مثال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “مثل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).

### Noun

مثال • (misál)
* example

### See also

* نمونہ (namuna)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miˈθaːl/, [mɪˈθaːl]
** IPA: /miˈsaːl/, [mɪˈsaːl] (speakers with full /θ/ and /s/ merger)

### Noun

مثال • (miṯāl) m (plural أمثلة (ʔamṯila))
* example, model, specimen

#### See also

* مَثَل (maṯal, “proverb, saying”)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mi.sɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɪ.sɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɪ.sɑːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɪ.sɑːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mi.sɔːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [me.sɒːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mi.sɔl]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

مِثال • (mesâl) (plural مثال‌ها (mesâl-hâ))
* example
    Synonym: نمونه (nemune)
    برای مثال ― barâ-ye mesâl ― for example
* parable
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 456:این مثال جان حیوانی بود / نه مثال جان ربانی بودin mesâl-e jân-e heyvâni bovad / na mesâl-e jân-e rabbâni bovadThis is a parable of the animal soul, not a parable of the divine soul.
* resemblance, likeness
** c. 1260, ʿAṭā-Malik Juwaynī, translated by John Andrew Boyle, تاریخ جهانگشای [History of the World-Conqueror]:بحقیقت آن موضع واسطت مملکت ایشان است بر مثال مرکز و دایره.be-haqiqat ân mowze' vâsetat-e mamlakat-e išân ast bar mesâl-e markaz va dâyere.Indeed, that [home]land is the middle of their empire, like center and circle.
* (archaic) order, command, especially written order
** 11th century, Abu'l-Fażl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 82:من رفتم سوی هرات، و چنان گمان می‌برم که دیدارِ من با تو و با خانگیان با قیامت افتاده است، از آن بود که در هر بابی مثالی نبود.man raftam suy-e herât, va čonân gomân mi-baram ke didâr-e man bâ to va bâ xânegiyân bâ qiyâmat oftâde ast, az ân bovad ke dar har bâb-i mesâl-i na-bovad.I started leaving for Herat, and I conjecture that I would visit you and the relatives in the judgment day [I would be killed], that is why there is not an order [I am not issuing order] for every matter.

#### Descendants

* → Pashto: مِثال
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਸਾਲ (misāl)
** Shahmukhi script: مِثال (mis̱āl)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: मिसाल (misāl)
** Urdu: مِثال (mis̱āl)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مثال”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مِثَال (misāl), Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mɪ.sɑːl/

### Noun

مِثال • (misāl) m (Hindi spelling मिसाल)
* example, instance, specimen, model, precedent.
    Synonyms: اُداہَرَن (udāharan), نِدَرْشَن (nidarśan), نَمُونَہ (namūna)

### References

* ↑ “مِثال لفظ کے معانی | مِثال - Urdu meaning”, in Rekhta Dictionary‎ (in Urdu), 2023 October 18 (last accessed)