# 魁

| 魁 | U+9B41, &#39745; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B41 |
| ← 魀 [U+9B40] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 魂 → [U+9B42] |

## Translingual
### Han character

魁 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈卜十 (HIYJ), four-corner 2421$_0$, composition ⿺鬼斗)

#### Derived characters

* 櫆, 𢷪, 𤁔, 𨣫, 𪇫, 𬞴, 𬬖, 𡦶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45785
* Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4429, character 13
* Unihan data for U+9B41

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 魁
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 謉 | *tkuːlʔ, *krul |
| 瑰 | *kuːl, *ɡuːl |
| 傀 | *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ |
| 藱 | *kuːl |
| 魁 | *kʰuːl |
| 磈 | *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 塊 | *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds |
| 嵬 | *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 隗 | *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 槐 | *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl |
| 瘣 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 廆 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 溾 | *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 螝 | *ɡuːls, *krul |
| 褢 | *ɡruːl |
| 騩 | *krul, *kruls, *kul |
| 愧 | *kruls |
| 媿 | *kruls |
| 聭 | *kruls |
| 餽 | *ɡruls |
| 鬼 | *kulʔ |
| 魏 | *ŋɡuls |
| 巍 | *ŋul |
| 犩 | *ŋul, *ŋuls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰuːl): phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle.

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 傀 (OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) "extraordinary" > "great"?”

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuí (kui$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fui$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khùi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuei$^2$
*** Yale: kwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
*** Palladius: куй (kuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fui$^1$
*** Yale: fūi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fui$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuːi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khùi
*** Hakka Romanization System: kui$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
*** Tâi-lô: khue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khwoj
Rime :
| Character | 魁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦回切 |
| Baxter | khwoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fui$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤuj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 魁 | 魁 | 魁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuí | kuí | kuí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwoj › | ‹ khwoj › | ‹ khwoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]ˁuj/ | /*[kʰ]ˁuj/ | /*[kʰ]ˁuj/ |
| English | great; principal; chief | spoon | mound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 魁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4663 |
| Phonetic component | 鬼 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恢 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰuːl/ |

#### Definitions

魁
* first; leading; best
* chief; leader; head
* tall and big; imposing; stalwart
* outstanding; prominent; exceptional
* (literary) soup ladle; dipper; spoon
* (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle)
** (literary, astronomy) the four stars comprising the bowl of the Big Dipper
* (obsolete) mound; small hill
* (obsolete) blood clam
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 五魁
* 六陽魁首 / 六阳魁首
* 占花魁
* 名魁虎榜
* 大魁
* 奪魁 / 夺魁 (duókuí)
* 廷魁
* 律魁
* 文章魁首
* 斗魁
* 活捉王魁
* 渠魁 (qúkuí)
* 獨占花魁
* 盜魁 / 盗魁
* 禍首罪魁 / 祸首罪魁
* 經魁 / 经魁
* 罪魁 (zuìkuí)
* 罪魁禍首 / 罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
* 花魁 (huākuí)
* 花魁娘子
* 馮魁 / 冯魁
* 魁偉 / 魁伟 (kuíwěi)
* 魁北克 (Kuíběikè)
* 魁堆
* 魁壘 / 魁垒 (kuílěi)
* 魁士
* 魁宿
* 魁岸
* 魁手
* 魁星
* 魁柄
* 魁梧 (kuíwú)
* 魁梧奇偉 / 魁梧奇伟
* 魁然
* 魁甲
* 魁頭 / 魁头 (kuítóu)
* 魁首 (kuíshǒu)
* 黨魁 / 党魁 (dǎngkuí)

#### References

* “魁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuài (kuai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuai$^4$
*** Yale: kwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
*** Palladius: куай (kuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

魁
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 塊 / 块 (kuài, “alone; solitary”)
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Zhì hū qī fèi zhě, wéi gǔrén yě, rén jiàn qí qí, yóu zhī kuài rán. [Pinyin]
    He whose will is set on extensive acquisition is but a trafficker; others see how he stands on tiptoe, while he thinks that he appears solidly solitary thus.
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Jīnshì zhī chùshì, kuài rán wú tú, kuò rán dújū. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Compounds

* 魁然 (kuàirán)

### Pronunciation 3

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khe
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
*** Tâi-lô: khe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/

#### Definitions

魁
* (Hokkien) Used in 魁頭／魁头 (khe-thâu).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* One who charges ahead of others
* leader, forerunner

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: かしら (kashira, 魁)、さきがけ (sakigake, 魁)

## Korean
### Hanja

魁 (eum 괴 (goe))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

魁: Hán Nôm readings: khôi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.