# 罔

| 罔 | U+7F54, &#32596; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F54 |
| ← 罓 [U+7F53] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 罕 → [U+7F55] |

## Translingual
### Han character

罔 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月廿卜女 (BTYV), four-corner 7722$_0$, composition ⿵𦉰亡 or ⿵冂𠅇)

#### Derived characters

* 𠵜, 𫰻, 惘, 𭡐, 𣶈, 𪱣, 棢, 焹, 𪻫, 䃃, 網, 𦖉, 蝄, 𠬏, 誷(𫍬), 輞(辋), 龬, 魍, 䱩, 菵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 946, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28211
* Dae Jaweon: page 1387, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2914, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7F54

## Bailang
### Etymology

Compare Burmese မင်း (mang:, “monarch; royal; high official”).

### Noun

罔 (*muaŋʔ)
* official

### References

* Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 罔 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mlaŋʔ): semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ).

### Etymology
#### “not have; not”

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ), with an Old Chinese auxiliary verb derivative suffix *-ʔ.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎng (wang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): muōng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^3$
*** Yale: wǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woang
*** Palladius: ван (van)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^5$
*** Yale: móhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: muōng
*** Sinological IPA : /muoŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bóng
*** Tâi-lô: bóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: borng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhuang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buáng
*** Sinological IPA : /buaŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: mjangX
Rime :
| Character | 罔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 文兩切 |
| Baxter | mjangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /miwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mlaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 罔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*maŋʔ/ (or *C.maŋʔ ?) |
| English | net |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 罔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12674 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 网 |
| Old Chinese | /*mlaŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 亦同網 |

### Definitions

罔
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 網 / 网
* (literary) to not have
* (literary) not
* (literary) to deceive; to hide (truth) from
* (archaic) to falsely accuse; to wrong (someone); to slander
    Synonym: 冤枉
* (literary, archaic) to be confused; to be perplexed (on thought)
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Xué ér bù sī zé wǎng, sī ér bù xué zé dài. [Pinyin]
    If you learn without thinking, you will be confused; if you think without learning, you will be endangered.
* (Eastern Min, with verbs and adjectives) the more... the more
       ĭ muōng chuŏi-â̤-*lê-hâi, cī-ciéh lā̤ giàng-*duô-gì-nè̤ng cêu ciŏng hī-giông-*duâi-ĭ muōng-*bău muōng-*gīng-kó̤. / [i⁵⁵ muoŋ³³ t͡sʰui⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ɛ²⁴²⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃i²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ɑi²⁴² t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒiɛʔ²⁴ l̃ɛ³³ kiaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ tuo²⁴²⁽⁻²¹⁾ $^{(k-)}$i⁵³⁻³³ nˡøyŋ⁵³ t͡siɛu²⁴² t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ hi³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$yoŋ²⁴²⁽⁻²¹⁾ tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ muoŋ³³⁻²¹ pau⁵⁵ muoŋ³³⁻²¹ kiŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(kʰ-)}$ŋɔ²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
       The harder he blew, the tighter that walking man wrapped his coat around himself.
* (Eastern Min, with verbs) while (usually used as a pair: doing X while doing Y)
* (Eastern Min) although

#### Compounds

* 勿罔
* 名垂罔極 / 名垂罔极
* 悵罔 / 怅罔 (chàngwǎng)
* 惝罔
* 昊天罔極 / 昊天罔极 (hàotiānwǎngjí)
* 欺上罔下
* 欺世罔俗
* 欺主罔上
* 欺公罔法
* 欺君罔上 (qījūnwǎngshàng)
* 欺天罔人
* 欺天罔地 (qī tiān wǎng dì)
* 欺罔
* 罔上虐下
* 罔兩 / 罔两 (wǎngliǎng)
* 罔極 / 罔极 (wǎngjí)
* 罔極之恩 / 罔极之恩
* 罔知所措
* 罔顧 / 罔顾 (wǎnggù)
* 置若罔聞 / 置若罔闻 (zhìruòwǎngwén)
* 藥石罔效 / 药石罔效 (yàoshíwǎngxiào)
* 誣罔 / 诬罔
* 誕罔不經 / 诞罔不经
* 迷罔 (míwǎng)
* 附下罔上
* 附上罔下

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* net (あみ)
* stupid, confused (くらい)
* deceive (しいる)
* no, none (ない)

#### Readings

* Go-on: もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kun: あみ (ami, 罔)、くらい (kurai, 罔い)、しいる (shiiru, 罔いる)、ない (nai, 罔い)

### References

* 1 2 “罔”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

罔 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang))
* hanja form of 망 (“net”)
* hanja form of 망 (“deceive”)
* hanja form of 망 (“libel”)
* hanja form of 망 (“negative”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

罔: Hán Nôm readings: vóng, vọng, võng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.