# leden
## English
### Alternative forms

* ledden

### Etymology

From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.

### Noun

leden (uncountable)
* (obsolete) Language; speech.
** 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]

### Anagrams

* elden, neeld

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech leden, from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɛdɛn]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

leden m inan (relational adjective lednový)
* January
    Narodil jsem se šestého ledna roku 1981. ― I was born on the sixth of January 1981.

#### Usage notes

The genitive is used with dates without a preposition.

#### Derived terms

* lednový

#### See also

* leden
* únor
* březen
* duben
* květen
* červen
* červenec
* srpen
* září
* říjen
* listopad
* prosinec

### Further reading

* “leden”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “leden”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “leden”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Adjective

leden (neuter ledet, plural and definite singular attributive ledne)
* (archaic) Passed, over, finished.
** 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25:Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!Happily shall I beer with the Æsir / In the seat of honour drink / The hours of life are over / Laughing, I walk into death!
** 1820, Dansk Ordbog: I - L, page 94:Leden adj. part. af v. lider procedo. Som er til Ende, forløben. Da vare ledne (forløbne) 4 Aar siden. Der hans meste Alder var leden (forbi). ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Noun

leden c
* definite singular of lede

### Verb

leden
* common past participle of lide

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -eːdən
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

leden
* plural of lid

### Verb

leden
* inflection of lijden:
** plural past indicative
** (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive

### Anagrams

* delen, lende

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

#### Alternative forms

* lede, leaden, leeden, lædden

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛːdən/

#### Verb

leden
* to lead (guide, conduct, direct)
** 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4‎:Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11‎:Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7‎:He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)
* to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)
* to carry, take, bring
* to put, place, set down
* to lead (a life), to live
* to cause, engender, beget

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) leden, lede | (to) leden, lede |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | lede | ledde |
| 2nd-person singular | ledest | leddest |
| 3rd-person singular | ledeth, let | ledde |
| subjunctive singular | lede | ledde |
| imperative singular | lede | — |
| plural$^1$ | leden, lede | ledden, ledde |
| imperative plural | ledeth, lede | — |
| participles | ledynge, ledende | led, yled |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: lead (“guide”)
* Scots: leid, lede

##### References

* “lēden, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.

### Etymology 2

From led (“lead”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

#### Alternative forms

* lede, leedyn

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛːdən/

#### Verb

leden
* To cover in lead; to attach lead to.
* To make out of lead.
* (figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) leden, lede | (to) leden, lede |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | lede | leded |
| 2nd-person singular | ledest | lededest |
| 3rd-person singular | ledeth | leded |
| subjunctive singular | lede | leded |
| imperative singular | lede | — |
| plural$^1$ | leden, lede | lededen, ledede |
| imperative plural | ledeth, lede | — |
| participles | ledynge, ledende | leded, yleded |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: lead (“cover in lead”)

##### References

* “lēden, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3

From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led +‎ -en (“made of”).

#### Alternative forms

* leaden, ledyn, ledun, ledyng

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛːdən/

#### Adjective

leden
* Made of lead; containing lead
* Having the appearance of lead; leaden

##### Descendants

* English: leaden

#### References

* “leden,, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 April 2018.

### Etymology 4

A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).

#### Alternative forms

* lede, ledne, ledene, ledden, liden
* (shortened) lede

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈleːdən/, /ˈlɛːdən/

#### Noun

leden
* Latin (language)
* A language or tongue.
    Synonyms: langage, speche, tonge, thede
* singing, music

##### Descendants

* English: leed
* Scots: leed, leid, lied

##### References

* “lē̆den, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.

### Etymology 5

From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

#### Noun

leden
* (Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

leden m
* definite singular of led

### Anagrams

* LED-en, delen, elden, led-en

## Old Czech
### Alternative forms

* ľeden (alternative writing)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/

### Noun

leden m inan
* January

#### Descendants

* Czech: leden

#### See also

* leden
* únor
* břězen
* duben
* máj
* črven
* črvnec
* srpen
* zářuj
* řújen
* listopad
* prosinec

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “leden”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *leděnъ. Cognate with Russian ледяной (ledjanoj), led (ice) or sladoled (sweet ice = ice cream).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lêden/
* Hyphenation: led‧en

### Adjective

lȅden (Cyrillic spelling ле̏ден, definite lȅdenī, comparative ledènijī)
* (relational) ice; icy, glacial
* cold, frigid, chilled
    ledena kava ― iced coffee
* crystalline, clear and transparent
* relating to the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
* (figuratively) unwelcoming, coldhearted, unfeeling
* (figuratively) (of fear, doubt, or surprise) immobilizing

#### Usage notes

Historically, lȅdan primarily meant “of or relating to ice”, while lȅden primarily meant “made of ice”, but each was often used for the other; today, lȅden is by far the more common of the two.

#### Synonyms

* lȅdan

### References

* Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “leden”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 950
* “leden”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Swedish
### Noun

leden
* definite singular of led (“joint”)
* definite plural of led (“step”)

### Anagrams

* delen, elden, en del