# 戇

| 戇 | U+6207, &#25095; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6207 |
| ← 戆 [U+6206] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 戈 → [U+6208] |

## Translingual
### Han character

戇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input 難卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 0733$_8$, composition ⿱贛心)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
* Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2373, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6207

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 戇
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 贛 | *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms |
| 灨 | *kluːmʔ, *kluːms |
| 竷 | *kʰluːms |
| 戇 | *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms |
| 洚 | *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ |
| 降 | *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ |
| 絳 | *kruːŋs |
| 栙 | *ɡruːŋ |
| 夅 | *ɡruːŋ |
| 跭 | *ɡruːŋ |
| 隆 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
| 癃 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
| 窿 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
| 霳 | *ɡ·ruːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms): phonetic 贛 (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

### Etymology 1

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^4$
*** Yale: jwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
*** Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^3$
*** Yale: jong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: xuwngH, traewngH
Rime :
| Character | 戇 | 戇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 呼貢切 | 陟降切 |
| Baxter | xuwngH | traewngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huŋ$^H$/ | /ʈˠʌŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huŋ$^H$/ | /ʈᵚɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuŋ$^H$/ | /ȶɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həwŋ$^H$/ | /ʈaɨwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xuŋ$^H$/ | /ȶɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xuŋ$^H$/ | /ȶɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xuŋ$^H$/ | /ȶɔŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hòng | zhuàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^3$ | zong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤoŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kr'oːms/, /*qʰloːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁoŋ-s/ |
| English | stupid (Beaudouin, Sagart & Baxter, 2021) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戇 | 戇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6277 | 6291 |
| Phonetic component | 夅 | 夅 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戇 | 烘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kr'oːms/ | /*qʰloːms/ |

#### Definitions

戇
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) stupid and honest; simple
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) blunt and tactless

### Etymology 2

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.
Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (“stupid”), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya (“stupid, obtuse, ignorant”) > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).
Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gàng (gang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngong$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngong$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngong$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngâung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^5$ / gong$^3$ / kong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gàng
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^4$
*** Yale: gàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngong$^6$
*** Yale: ngohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡɔŋ³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngong
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋɔŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâung
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɑuŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōng
*** Tâi-lô: gōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /ɡɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^5$ / gong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kông / kòng / khòng
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ⁵⁵/, /koŋ²¹³/, /kʰoŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gaon
*** MiniDict: gaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$gaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡɑ̃²³/

#### Definitions

戇
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded
    戇大／戆大 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$gaon-du [Wugniu] ― idiot
    戇居／戆居 [Cantonese] ― ngong$^6$ geoi$^1$ [Jyutping] ― fool
       $^7$aq-la $^5$shiau-noe $^6$lau $^6$gaon $^0$gheq $^6$li $^5$me-koq $^5$seu-tu $^8$laq $^5$sa-di-faon $^6$gha $^8$veq-shiau-teq [Wugniu]
       My kid is very stupid; they don't even know where the capital of America is.
* (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
* (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 傻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 傻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 傻, 戇 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 傻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瓜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哈, 瓜, 寶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 苕, 哈, 嘎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 哈 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 呆, 木足, 瓜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 呆, 傻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 戇, 傻, 戇居 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 傻, 戇, 戇居 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 傻, 吽, 戇 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 戇, 傻, 吽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 傻, 戇 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 傻, 戇 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 傻, 戇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蟬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 傻, 戇 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 戇, 傻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 傻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 呆愕 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 戇鬼 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 傻 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 慢, 嚒 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 傻 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 戇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 傻, 二不楞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 賴, 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 阿褒 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 戇, 庸 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 戇, 庸 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 庸 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 戇, 潲面 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 戇, 哚哥, 潲面 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 呆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 槌, 戇 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 戇, 悇, 呆, 歁戇, 戇戇, 戇呆, 呆呆, 悇悇 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 戇, 戇戇, 洽, 洽潲 vulgar, 洽仔, 山猴, 三八, 三八潲 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 㦙, 白仁, 戇 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 㦙, 白仁, 戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 㦙, 戇, 悇 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 戇, 傻 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 戇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 戇, 壽, 糞 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 戇, 壽, 踱 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 戇, 壽, 踱 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 戇, 壽 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 踱 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 呆, 戇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 呆, 憨 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 寶, 醒 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 哈 |

### Compounds

* 假戇 / 假戆
* 大戇牯 / 大戆牯
* 愚戇 / 愚戆
* 戇Q / 戆Q
* 戇人 / 戆人
* 戇仔 / 戆仔
* 戇佬 / 戆佬
* 戇吼吼 / 戆吼吼
* 戇喪 / 戆丧 (zhuàngsāng)
* 戇囝 / 戆囝
* 戇大 / 戆大
* 戇大呆 / 戆大呆
* 戇妹 / 戆妹
* 戇婆 / 戆婆
* 戇小子 / 戆小子
* 戇居 / 戆居
* 戇居佬 / 戆居佬
* 戇居居 / 戆居居
* 戇戇 / 戆戆
* 戇手 / 戆手 (Hainanese)
* 戇搭搭 / 戆搭搭
* 戇正 / 戆正
* 戇狗 / 戆狗
* 戇猴 / 戆猴
* 戇的 / 戆的
* 戇直 / 戆直 (zhuàngzhí)
* 戇神 / 戆神
* 戇膽 / 戆胆
* 戇話 / 戆话
* 戇過隻鴨 / 戆过只鸭
* 戇錢 / 戆钱
* 戇面 / 戆面
* 戇頭 / 戆头
* 戇頭子 / 戆头子
* 戇頭戇腦 / 戆头戆脑
* 戇馬 / 戆马
* 戇鳩 / 戆鸠
* 戇鳩鳩 / 戆鸠鸠
* 番仔戇 / 番仔戆
* 詐戇 / 诈戆
* 霎戇 / 霎戆

### References

* “戇”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)、とう (tō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)、とう (tō)

## Korean
### Hanja

戇 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

戇: Hán Việt readings: tráng (陟(trắc)降(giáng)切(thiết))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).