# 氐

| 氐 | U+6C10, &#27664; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C10 |
| ← 氏 [U+6C0F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 民 → [U+6C11] |

## Translingual
### Han character

氐 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹心一 (HPM) or 竹女心戈 (HVPI), four-corner 7274$_0$, composition ⿱氏丶(G) or ⿱氏一(HTJK))

#### Usage notes

As a component of complex characters, may have sense of “down, low” from the bowing, stooping figure, as in 低 and 底; compare more abstract 下.

#### Derived characters

* 低, 呧, 坻, 𡛜, 岻, 弤, 彽, 怟, 抵, 泜, 𤝬, 阺, 㫝, 柢, 牴, 𭹁, 胝, 𣱊, 𭽣, 眡, 砥, 祗, 秪, 袛, 𥿄, 羝, 𦐠, 𦕑, 䑛, 𦨢, 蚳, 觝, 詆(诋), 貾(𰷢), 䟡, 軧(𰺀), 𨠏, 𬫌, 𭯱, 䩚, 䬫(𬲮), 骶, 𩶅, 𪀍
* 䢑, 趆, 𬇉, 邸, 𢺾, 㪆, 𤬵, 㲳, 𣱎, 𧠟, 𨾦, 𩑾, 𣱐, 鴟(鸱), 𣱑, 𣱒, 奃, 茋, 䍕, 𣱓, 厎, 底, 疷, 𤇡, 𣱋, 𧐏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 597, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17027
* Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2130, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6C10

## Chinese

* 氐 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Di (Five Barbarians) (English)
* 氐宿 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Root (Chinese constellation) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氐 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 低 | *tiːl |
| 氐 | *tiːl, *til |
| 袛 | *tiːl |
| 羝 | *tiːl |
| 眡 | *tiːl, *djilʔ |
| 岻 | *tiːl, *dil |
| 奃 | *tiːl |
| 趆 | *tiːl, *tiːls |
| 柢 | *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls |
| 邸 | *tiːlʔ |
| 底 | *tiːlʔ |
| 詆 | *tiːlʔ, *diːl |
| 坻 | *tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil |
| 抵 | *tiːlʔ |
| 牴 | *tiːlʔ |
| 觝 | *tiːlʔ |
| 弤 | *tiːlʔ |
| 軧 | *tiːlʔ |
| 骶 | *tiːls |
| 砥 | *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils |
| 胝 | *til |
| 疷 | *til |
| 秪 | *til |
| 泜 | *dil |
| 蚳 | *dil |
| 彽 | *dil |
| 阺 | *dil |
| 貾 | *dil |
| 祗 | *tjil |
| 厎 | *tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ |
| 茋 | *tjilʔ |
| 鴟 | *tʰjil |
| 汦 | *kjeʔ, *tjil |
Pictogram (象形): 氏 (“clan; bowing figure”) + 一, hence 氏 with an empty circle (then a line, today either a line or a point) underneath: perhaps a bowing figure depicted while sowing a field or the root of a tree (see 柢) with a mark at the bottom.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dī (di$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tí / te
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dī
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: di
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^1$
*** Yale: dī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: di
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dai$^1$
*** Yale: dāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tí / te
*** Tâi-lô: tí / te
*** Phofsit Daibuun: die, def
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti⁵³/, /te⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁵⁵⁴/, /te³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti⁵³/, /te⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti⁵³/, /te⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti⁴¹/, /te⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ti
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³³/
* Middle Chinese: tej
Rime :
| Character | 氐 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都奚切 |
| Baxter | tej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /tei/ |
| Wang Li | /tiei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tiei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 氐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tej › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁij/ |
| English | Western tribes |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 氐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 2235 |
| Phonetic component | 氐 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 低 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiːl/ |

#### Definitions

氐
* Di (ethnic group)
* (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Root (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 低 (dī, “to lower; to bow”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 低 (dī, “cheap; inexpensive”).

##### Compounds

* 氐士貉
* 氐宿 (Dǐxiù)
* 氐族
* 氐羌

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǐ (di$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dai$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): té
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǐ
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^3$
*** Yale: dǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dii
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dai$^2$
*** Yale: dái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dei$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐi̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
*** Tâi-lô: té
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dea
*** IPA (Xiamen): /te⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /te⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /te⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /te⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tí
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵²/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*til/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 氐 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁijʔ/ |
| English | bottom |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 氐 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 2262 |
| Phonetic component | 氐 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 胝 |
| Old Chinese | /*til/ |

#### Definitions

氐
* (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “root of a tree”).
* (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “basis; fundamental”).
* (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to reach; to arrive”).
* (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to match; to be equal to”).

##### Compounds

* 根氐

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhī (zhi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^1$
*** Yale: jr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trij
Rime :
| Character | 氐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丁尼切 |
| Baxter | trij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈji/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶji/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ |

#### Definitions

氐
* Only used in 氐池 (“an ancient county”).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02110
* “氐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Di (ancient ethnic group in western China)

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
From Middle Chinese 氐 (MC tej, “Di; Root mansion”):
* Go-on: だい (dai)
* Kan-on: たい (tai)、てい (tei)
From Middle Chinese 氐 (MC trij, “basis, fundamental”):
* Go-on: じ (ji)
* Kan-on: ち (chi)
* Kun: ふもと (fumoto, 氐)

#### Compounds

* 氐宿(ともぼし) (Tomoboshi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 氐
* てい Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 氐 (MC tej), compare modern Mandarin 氐 (dī).
Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨te⟩.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てー [téꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [te̞ː]

### Proper noun

氐(てい) • (Tei)
* (Chinese astronomy) Root, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
    Synonyms: 氐宿 (Teishū, Tei-shuku), とも星 (Tomoboshi)
    Hypernyms: 二十八宿, 青竜
* (historical) Di: an ancient ethnic group in western China
    Hypernym: 五胡 (Goko)

#### See also

* てんびん座(ざ) (Tenbin-za, “Libra”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

氐 (eum 저 (jeo))
* foundation; basis; origin

## Vietnamese
### Han character

氐: Hán Nôm readings: đê
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation