# 閻

| 閻 | U+95BB, &#38331; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95BB |
| ← 閺 [U+95BA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 閼 → [U+95BC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹難 (ANNHX), four-corner 7777$_7$, composition ⿵門臽)

#### Derived characters

* 𠐩, 嚪, 壛, 𡣽, 𢸴, 㶄, 櫩, 爓, 𦢨, 𤯐, 𥌸, 䌪, 讇, 𨇝, 𧂄, 𥶿, 㿕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1337, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379
* Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11
* Unihan data for U+95BB

## Chinese

* 閻姓 (Cantonese)
* 閻姓 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閻 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 萏 | *l'oːmʔ |
| 窞 | *l'oːmʔ |
| 惂 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 輡 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 錎 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
| 埳 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 臽 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
| 淊 | *ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ |
| 欿 | *ɡloːmʔ |
| 蜭 | *ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms |
| 啗 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 鵮 | *ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms |
| 餡 | *ɡroːms |
| 陷 | *ɡroːms |
| 爓 | *ljom, *loms |
| 諂 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
| 讇 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
| 閻 | *lom |
| 焰 | *loms |
| 壛 | *lom |
| 櫩 | *lom |
| 燄 | *lomʔ |
| 掐 | *kʰroːb |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Appears to be conflated with 嚴 in many lects.”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyan$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ien$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiàm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yam$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngǐng / ngîng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngieng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): giâm / iâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni; $^6$yi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyienn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nan
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^4$
*** Yale: yìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ien$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /iam¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐng / ngîng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiŋ²¹/, /ŋiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋieŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiɛŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
*** Tâi-lô: giâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâm
*** Tâi-lô: iâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam¹³/
* giâm - vernacular (including surname);
* iâm - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yem
Rime :
| Character | 閻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余廉切 |
| Baxter | yem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ][a]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lom/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 閻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yem › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ][a]m/ |
| English | gate over street or lane |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 閻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13564 |
| Phonetic component | 臽 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鹽 |
| Old Chinese | /*lom/ |

### Definitions

閻
* village gate
* a surname
    閻錫山／阎锡山 ― Yán Xīshān ― Yan Xishan

#### Usage notes

See 闫.

### Compounds

* 窮閻漏屋 / 穷阎漏屋
* 閭閻 / 闾阎 (lǘyán)
* 閻君 / 阎君 (Yánjūn)
* 閻家河 / 阎家河 (Yánjiāhé)
* 閻摩 / 阎摩 (Yánmó)
* 閻浮 / 阎浮 (yánfú)
* 閻王 / 阎王 (Yánwáng)
* 閻羅 / 阎罗 (Yánluó)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* village gate
* good-looking
* used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)、せん (sen)
* Kun: ちまた (chimata)、ひらく (hiraku)、すすめる (susumeru)

#### Compounds

* 閻王(えんおう) (en'ō)
* 閻浮(えんぶ) (enbu)
* 閻浮提(えんぶだい) (enbudai)
* 閻魔(えんま) (enma)
* 閻魔顔(えんまがお) (enmagao)
* 閻魔王(えんまおう) (enmaō)
* 閻魔蟋蟀(えんまこおろぎ) (enmakōrogi)
* 閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (enmadaiō)
* 閻魔帳(えんまちょう) (enmachō)
* 閻魔羅闍(えんまらじゃ) (enmaraja)
* 閻羅(えんら) (enra)
* 済(な)す時(とき)の閻魔顔(えんまがお) (nasutokinoenmagao)
* 南閻浮提(なんえんぶだい) (nan'enbudai)

#### References

* 広辞苑　第六版 (Kōjien, 6th ed.)
* 漢字源 (Kanjigen)
* 学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Daijiten)

## Korean
### Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

閻: Hán Nôm readings: diêm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation