# 臧

| 臧 | U+81E7, &#33255; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E7 |
| ← 臦 [U+81E6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臨 → [U+81E8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

臧 (Kangxi radical 131, 臣+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈一尸中中 (IMSLL), four-corner 2325$_0$, composition ⿵戕臣)

#### Derived characters

* 㵴, 贓, 𰷭, 藏, 𡁧, 𡒤, 𡽴, 𮍄, 𡾻, 𩯩, 𡒉, 𡒥, 𢨑

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 999, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30083
* Dae Jaweon: page 1451, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1410, character 11
* Unihan data for U+81E7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臧 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 臣 (“eye”) + 戈 (“spear;weapon”) – "slave; prisoner of war" (slaves in ancient China were blinded, hence the 臣 component. Hence, the original version is 𦣣.
The phonetic component 爿 (OC *zaŋ), absent in the oracle-bone script, was added at a later stage (see Yang, 1965, and references therein), leading Shuowen to interpret the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsaːŋ): phonetic 戕 (OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) + semantic 臣.
Perhaps borrowed phonetically to mean "generous".
See also 童, 民, and 盲.

### Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བཟང (bzang, “good; fine”) (Coblin, 1986).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zāng (zang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zang
*** Wade–Giles: tsang$^1$
*** Yale: dzāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzang
*** Palladius: цзан (czan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^1$
*** Yale: jōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsang
Rime :
| Character | 臧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則郎切 |
| Baxter | tsang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 臧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | good |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10277 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 臧 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文從臣從戈， 象以戈刺俘目爲奴（楊樹達說），後乃加爿聲爲轉註字 |

#### Definitions

臧
* (literary) good; right; generous
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐ yuè ér shí, zé wéi qí cháng. Cǐ rì ér shí, yú hé bù zāng? [Pinyin]
    For the moon to be eclipsed, Is but an ordinary matter. Now that the sun has been eclipsed, How bad [lit. not good] it is!
* (literary) to praise; to commend
* a surname
    臧克家 ― Zāng Kèjiā ― Zang Kejia (Chinese poet)

#### Compounds

* 不臧 (bùzāng)
* 人謀不臧 / 人谋不臧
* 臧否 (zāngpǐ)
* 臧否人物
* 臧獲 / 臧获
* 臧穀亡羊 / 臧谷亡羊
* 陟罰臧否 / 陟罚臧否 (zhìfázāngpǐ)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zāng (zang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zang
*** Wade–Giles: tsang$^1$
*** Yale: dzāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzang
*** Palladius: цзан (czan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^1$
*** Yale: jōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsang
Rime :
| Character | 臧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則郎切 |
| Baxter | tsang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10277 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 臧 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文從臣從戈， 象以戈刺俘目爲奴（楊樹達說），後乃加爿聲爲轉註字 |

#### Definitions

臧
* (literary, obsolete, derogatory) slave; enslaved captive
    From: 1st century BCE, Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. Translated by Burton Watson.
    Qiěfú zānghuò bìqiè, yóu néng yǐnjué, kuàng pú zhī bùdéyǐ hū? [Pinyin]
    If even the lowest slave and scullion maid can bear to commit suicide, why shouldn't one like myself be able to do what has to be done?
* (literary, obsolete) Alternative form of 贓 / 赃 (zāng, “booty; loot; stolen goods”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cáng (cang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cáng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^2$
*** Yale: tsáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsarng
*** Palladius: цан (can)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^4$
*** Yale: chòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/

#### Definitions

臧
* Alternative form of 藏 (“to hide; to store”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zàng (zang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàng
*** Wade–Giles: tsang$^4$
*** Yale: dzàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzanq
*** Palladius: цзан (czan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^6$
*** Yale: johng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ²²/

#### Definitions

臧
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 藏 (zàng, “storing place; depository”)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 臟 / 脏 (zàng, “internal organs, viscera”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ぞう (zō)
* Kun: よい (yoi)、あつい (atsui)、おさめる (osameru)

## Korean
### Hanja

臧 (eum 장 (jang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

臧: Hán Nôm readings: tang, tàng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.