# 溪

| 溪 | U+6EAA, &#28330; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EAA |
| ← 溩 [U+6EA9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 溫 → [U+6EAB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

溪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水月女大 (EBVK), four-corner 3213$_4$, composition ⿰氵奚)

#### Derived characters

* 𤐓, 𪷶, 𬉝, 鸂(㶉/𭰥), 𤄬, 𬞥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 640, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17967
* Dae Jaweon: page 1047, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1702, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6EAA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 謑 | *qʰraːs, *qʰreːs, *ɡeːʔ |
| 膎 | *ɡreː |
| 鞵 | *ɡreː |
| 榽 | *ɡreː, *ɡeː |
| 鷄 | *keː |
| 雞 | *keː |
| 谿 | *kʰeː |
| 嵠 | *kʰeː |
| 溪 | *kʰeː |
| 磎 | *kʰeː |
| 螇 | *kʰeː, *ɡeː |
| 鸂 | *kʰeː |
| 奚 | *ɡeː |
| 豯 | *ɡeː |
| 徯 | *ɡeː, *ɡeːʔ |
| 蹊 | *ɡeː |
| 騱 | *ɡeː |
| 傒 | *ɡeː |
| 鼷 | *ɡeː |
| 蒵 | *ɡeː, *ɡeːs |
| 貕 | *ɡeː |
| 慀 | *ɡeːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰeː): semantic 氵 + phonetic 奚 (OC *ɡeː).

### Etymology 1

Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle, whence Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel”) (Sagart, 2020b).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī, qī (xi$^1$, qi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄑㄧ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kai$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kai$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hâi
    (Hailu, HRS): hai$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hai$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xi$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): kái
* Eastern Min (BUC): kă̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ke$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khoe / khe / khere
    (Teochew, Peng'im): koi$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, dated variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ci
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kai$^1$
*** Yale: kāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâi
*** Hakka Romanization System: hai$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hai̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hai$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hai⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /haɪ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕi¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kái
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ke$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰe⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
*** Tâi-lô: khue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kʰue³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
*** Tâi-lô: khe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰe⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khere
*** Tâi-lô: khere
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** khoe - vernacular;
** khe - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khej
Rime :
| Character | 溪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 苦奚切 |
| Baxter | khej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰei/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤe/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 溪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khej › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁe/ |
| English | valley with stream in it |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 溪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13360 |
| Phonetic component | 奚 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 谿 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰeː/ |
| Notes | 同谿 |

#### Definitions

溪
* stream; creek; brook; rivulet; rill (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
* (dialectal) river (Classifier: 條／条 mn)
    濁水溪／浊水溪 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Lô-chúi-khe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Zhuoshui River
** 2006, “濁水溪之戀”, 武雄 (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music)‎performed by 詹雅雯 [Chan Ya-wen] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:
       bāng-tiong tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kah i kiâⁿ kòe hit tiâu khe, iu-goân lâu-tio̍h chi̍t tōaⁿ úi-khut ê sin-sè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Eastern Min) unsophisticated; gauche; stupid
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 溪 (MC khej)
* a surname, Xi

##### See also

* 川 (chuān)
* 河 (hé)
* 江 (jiāng)

#### Compounds

* 下淡水溪
* 三溪 (Sānxī)
* 九畹溪 (Jiǔwǎnxī)
* 八掌溪
* 剡溪
* 卓溪 (Zhuóxī)
* 周溪 (Zhōuxī)
* 四溪 (Sìxī)
* 大安溪
* 大溪 (Dàxī)
* 大溪地 (Dàxīdì)
* 大甲溪
* 大肚溪
* 太平溪 (Tàipíngxī, “Taipingxi”)
* 孟家溪 (Mèngjiāxī)
* 小溪口 (Xiǎoxīkǒu)
* 小溪塔 (Xiǎoxītǎ)
* 小溪河 (Xiǎoxīhé)
* 山溪 (shānxī)
* 山溪坳 (Shānxī'ào)
* 岳溪 (Yuèxī)
* 左溪寺 (Zuǒxīsì)
* 巫溪 (Wūxī)
* 平溪 (Píngxī)
* 廣溪峽 / 广溪峡
* 新店溪
* 昂昂溪 (Áng'ángxī)
* 曾文溪
* 本溪 (Běnxī)
* 杉林溪
* 林家溪 (Línjiāxī)
* 東溪 / 东溪 (Dōngxī)
* 栗溪 (Lìxī)
* 楊溪灣 / 杨溪湾 (Yángxīwān)
* 楊溪鋪 / 杨溪铺 (Yángxīpù)
* 樂天溪 / 乐天溪 (Lètiānxī)
* 檀溪 (Tánxī)
* 歷溪 / 历溪 (Lìxī)
* 沙溪 (Shāxī)
* 沙鎮溪 / 沙镇溪 (Shāzhènxī)
* 泉溪 (Quánxī)
* 洋溪 (Yángxī)
* 浣紗溪 / 浣纱溪
* 浣花溪
* 清溪 (Qīngxī)
* 淯溪 (Yùxī)
* 溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
* 溪仔 (khe-á) (Min Nan)
* 溪友 (xīyǒu)
* 溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
* 溪壑
* 溪客
* 溪州 (Xīzhōu)
* 溪床 (xīchuáng)
* 溪林 (Xīlín)
* 溪東 / 溪东
* 溪步
* 溪流 (xīliú)
* 溪湖 (Xīhú)
* 溪澗 / 溪涧 (xījiàn)
* 溪藤
* 溪谷 (xīgǔ)
* 溪錢 / 溪钱
* 溪頭 / 溪头
* 溪鴨 / 溪鸭
* 漿溪店 / 浆溪店 (Jiāngxīdiàn)
* 濁水溪 / 浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
* 濂溪
* 玉溪 (Yùxī)
* 碧溪
* 磨針溪 / 磨针溪
* 礁溪 (Jiāoxī)
* 磻溪
* 礁溪鄉 / 礁溪乡
* 秀姑巒溪 / 秀姑峦溪
* 端溪
* 竹溪六逸
* 竹溪 / 竹谿 (zhúxī)
* 米潭溪 (Mǐtánxī)
* 苕溪
* 若耶溪
* 蘭陵溪 / 兰陵溪 (Lánlíngxī)
* 蘭陽溪 / 兰阳溪 (Lányángxī)
* 螺溪石硯 / 螺溪石砚
* 螺溪硯 / 螺溪砚
* 豐溪 / 丰溪 (Fēngxī)
* 赤溪河 (Chìxīhé)
* 雙溪 / 双溪 (shuāngxī)
* 霅溪
* 香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
* 馬躍檀溪 / 马跃檀溪
* 鯉溪 / 鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
* 鱷溪 / 鳄溪
* 龍溪 / 龙溪 (Lóngxī)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 溪 – see 谿 (“used in compounds”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 谿).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “溪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “溪”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 314.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 渓 |
| Kyūjitai | 溪 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 渓)
* valley

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: たに (tani, 溪)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 溪 (MC khej). Recorded as Middle Korean 계 (kyey) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 溪 (eumhun 시내 계 (sinae gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“stream”)

#### Compounds

* 계곡 (溪谷, gyegok)
* 계류 (溪流, gyeryu)
* 계수 (溪水, gyesu)
* 청계 (淸溪, cheonggye)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

溪: Hán Nôm readings: khe, khê
* Creek or stream