# geng
## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* ganza, génh

### Etymology

From Middle High German ganz, from Old High German ganz (“whole, sound, healthy, complete”), from Proto-West Germanic *gant (“whole, healthy; all, complete”).

### Adverb

geng
* (Gressoney) always

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Fiji Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English gang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡeːnɡ/

### Noun

geng
* Work gang

### References

* Fiji Hindi Dictionary

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Doublet of gang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɛŋ/
* Hyphenation: gèng

### Noun

gèng (plural geng-geng)
* (colloquial) gang, a company of persons with distinct identity.
* (colloquial) gang, a company of persons, especially criminals.

### Verb

geng
* to form a gang group

### Further reading

* “geng” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Alternative forms

* agung

### Etymology

From Old Javanese göṅ.

### Adjective

geng
* (literary, polite) big
* (literary, polite) large
* (literary, polite) great

## Malay
### Etymology

From English gang.

### Noun

geng (Jawi spelling ݢيڠ, plural geng-geng, informal 1st possessive gengku, 2nd possessive gengmu, 3rd possessive gengnya)
* a group or organisation of criminals.
* (colloquial) a band or club of friends.

#### Derived terms

* geng baju merah (informal, derogatory, UMNO party members)
* geng bawang (informal, Malaysian cyberwarriors)
* geng plastik hitam (informal, people arrested for violating the Ramadan fast)
* geng pelangi (derogatory, an LGBT advocacy group)

### Further reading

* “geng” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mandarin
### Romanization

geng
* Nonstandard spelling of gēng.
* Nonstandard spelling of gěng.
* Nonstandard spelling of gèng.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle English
### Noun

geng
* Alternative form of genge (“band”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jeːnɡ/, [jeːŋɡ]

### Verb

ġēng
* first/third-person singular past indicative of gangan

## Old Norse
### Adjective

geng
* inflection of gengr:
** nominative singular feminine
** nominative/accusative plural neuter

### Verb

geng
* first-person singular present indicative active of ganga

## Zhuang
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /keːŋ˨˦/
* Tone numbers: geng$^1$
* Hyphenation: geng

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *k.reːŋᴬ (“hard”).
Cognate with Thai แข็ง (kɛ̌ng), Northern Thai ᨡᩯ᩠ᨦ or ᨡᩯᩢ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແຂງ (khǣng), Lü ᦶᦃᧂ (ẋaeng), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪉ, Shan ၶႅင် (khěng), Tai Nüa ᥑᥦᥒᥴ (xáeng), Phake ၵိင် (khiṅ), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜂𑜫 (khiṅ), Sapa xeŋᴬ¹, Bouyei jeengl, Saek เถรี่ยง (“hard”) and แข้ง (“tight; tense”).

#### Adjective

geng (Sawndip forms 𥔶 or 殭 or 膙, 1957–1982 spelling geŋ)
* hard

### Etymology 2

From Chinese 庚 (MC kaeng).

#### Noun

geng (Sawndip form 庚, 1957–1982 spelling geŋ)
* the seventh of the ten heavenly stems

#### See also

* (Chinese heavenly stems) diengan; gyap, iet, bingj, ding, fouh, geij, geng, sin, nyaemz, gveiq

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 343
* 1 2 3 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN