# 囚

| 囚 | U+56DA, &#22234; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56DA |
| ← 囙 [U+56D9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 四 → [U+56DB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

囚 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田人 (WO), four-corner 6080$_0$, composition ⿴囗人)

#### Derived characters

* 泅 鮂(𱇠) 苬
* 𭛢 𢘄 𣧝 𪸜 𬑋 𧣕 𨥱 𨒊 𣭃 𮨃 𠧚 𠉁 𣐮 𥁕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 216, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4680
* Dae Jaweon: page 439, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 710, character 13
* Unihan data for U+56DA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 囚
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 鮂 | *ʔslu, *lju |
| 囚 | *lju |
| 泅 | *lju |
| 苬 | *lju |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 囗 (“box, enclosure”) + 人 (“person”) – an enclosed person: confinement, prisoner. Similar but unrelated to 因. Unrelated to 𥁕.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qiú (qiu$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siù
* Jin (Wiktionary): xiou$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiù
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siû
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiú
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cióu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiu$^2$
*** Yale: chyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyou
*** Palladius: цю (cju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiu
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiəu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^4$
*** Yale: chàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siù
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯u¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xiou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiù
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siû
*** Tâi-lô: siû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jieu
*** MiniDict: jieu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɤ²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit囚 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰiou³⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰiou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /siou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiou²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiɯ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiou⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰiou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰiəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiəu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiəu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰiəɯ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəu¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiəu¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑiɤ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zɤ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiø²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡ʑɤu³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡siəu¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /d͡ziəɯ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siu¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɐu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɐu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐu²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siu³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰieu⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰiu²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /siu³¹/ /sɔu³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjuw
Rime :
| Character | 囚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似尤切 |
| Baxter | zjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ziəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ziu/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.lu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lju/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 囚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə.lu/ |
| English | prisoner |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 囚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10554 |
| Phonetic component | 囚 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*lju/ |

### Definitions

囚
* prisoner, convict
* to confine, to imprison

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 囚 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 囚犯, 囚徒, 犯人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 犯人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 犯人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 犯人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 犯人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 犯人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 犯人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 犯人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 犯人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 犯人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 犯人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 犯人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 坐班房的, 坐牢的, 犯人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 犯人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 犯人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 犯人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 犯人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 犯人 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 犯, 監犯, 監躉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 監犯, 監躉, 犯 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 監犯 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 監犯, 監躉 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 犯人 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 犯人 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 犯人 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 犯人, 監犯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 犯人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 囚犯 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 囚犯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 囚犯 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 囚犯 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 囚犯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 犯人 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 犯人 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 犯人, 囚犯 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 犯人 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 犯人 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 監囚, 監犯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 監犯, 監囚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 監囚, 監犯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 犯人, 監犯 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 監犯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 犯人 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃官司人, 犯人, 囚犯 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 犯人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 犯人, 吃監牢個 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 犯人 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 牢監犯, 犯人 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 犯人 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 犯人 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 犯人 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 犯人 |

### Compounds

* 俘囚
* 劫囚 (jiéqiú)
* 南冠楚囚
* 囚徒 (qiútú)
* 囚攮的
* 囚牢 (qiúláo)
* 囚犯 (qiúfàn)
* 囚禁 (qiújìn)
* 囚籠 / 囚笼 (qiúlóng)
* 囚糧 / 囚粮
* 囚繫 / 囚系
* 囚衣 (qiúyī)
* 囚車 / 囚车 (qiúchē)
* 囚錮鋒 / 囚锢锋
* 囚首喪面 / 囚首丧面
* 囚首垢面
* 報官囚 / 报官囚
* 審囚刷卷 / 审囚刷卷
* 幽囚
* 幽囚受辱
* 抱官囚
* 楚囚
* 楚囚對泣 / 楚囚对泣
* 楚囚相對 / 楚囚相对
* 死囚 (sǐqiú)
* 死囚牢
* 縱囚 / 纵囚
* 繫囚 / 系囚
* 纍囚 / 累囚
* 被囚
* 詩囚 / 诗囚
* 重囚
* 錄囚 / 录囚
* 階下囚 / 阶下囚 (jiēxiàqiú)

### References

* “囚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* capture, arrest, criminal, catch

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅ (ju)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
* Kun: とらえる (toraeru, 囚える)、とらわれる (torawareru, 囚われる)

## Korean
### Hanja

囚 • (su) (hangeul 수)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

囚: Hán Nôm readings: tù
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.