# 突

| 突 | U+7A81, &#31361; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A81 |
| ← 窀 [U+7A80] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 窂 → [U+7A82] |
| 突 | U+FA55, &#64085; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA55 |
| ← 穀 [U+FA54] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 節 → [U+FA56] |
| 𥤮 | U+2592E, &#153902; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2592E |
| ← 𥤭 [U+2592D] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𥤯 → [U+2592F] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 突 |
| Simplified | 突 |
| Traditional | 突 |

### Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the bottom component is 大 and not 犬.

### Han character

突 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+4 in Chinese, 穴+3 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 十金戈大 (JCIK), four-corner 3043$_0$, composition ⿱穴犬(GHTKV) or ⿱穴大(J))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 863, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25424
* Dae Jaweon: page 1291, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2722, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7A81
* Unihan data for U+FA55

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 突 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 突 | *tʰuːd, *duːd |
| 宊 | *tʰuːd |
| 揬 | *duːd |
| 鼵 | *duːd |
| 葖 | *duːd |
| 鶟 | *duːd |
| 堗 | *duːd |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 穴 (“cave; den”) + 犬 (“dog”) – a dog suddenly coming out of a den.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-du (“to dig, hoe”); cognate with Burmese တူး (tu:, “to dig”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tū, tú
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ, ㄊㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tu$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dat$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ut$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tiit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thut / thu̍t / tut
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tud$^5$ / tud$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tueh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): tŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): dŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t / thu̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dug$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$deq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tū
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tu
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$
*** Yale: tū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tu
*** Palladius: ту (tu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tú
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tú
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$
*** Yale: tú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
*** Palladius: ту (tu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tu
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dat$^6$
*** Yale: daht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ded$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ut$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ut̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tiit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɨt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut / thu̍t / tut
*** Hakka Romanization System: tud$^ˋ$ / tud / dud$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tud$^5$ / tud$^6$ / dud$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚²/, /tʰut̚⁵/, /tut̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tud$^5$ / tud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚¹/, /tʰut̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tueh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /touʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dut
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: thu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tut
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰut̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dug$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /tuk̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$deq
*** MiniDict: deh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$deq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dəʔ¹²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: tou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰəu̯²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit突 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tʰu⁴⁴/ /tʰu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tʰu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tʰu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tʰv̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /tʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tʰu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /tʰəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /tʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /tʰu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /tʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /tʰuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tʰuəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰuəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tʰuʌʔ¹³/ /tuʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tʰuəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dəʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /dəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /dəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /dø²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰuʔ²¹/ /tʰeʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tʰə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tʰəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /tʰəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɨʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰut̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʰut̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tɐk̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tɐt̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tɐt̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tut̚⁵/ /tʰut̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /touʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰu²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tuk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hut̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: dwot, thwot
Rime :
| Character | 突 | 突 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 陀骨切 | 他骨切 |
| Baxter | dwot | thwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duət̚/ | /tʰuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duot̚/ | /tʰuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duət̚/ | /tʰuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dwət̚/ | /tʰwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /duət̚/ | /tʰuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /duət̚/ | /tʰuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuət̚/ | /tʰuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dú | tu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | deot$^6$ | teot$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-tʰˤut/, /*tʰˤut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːd/, /*duːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 突 | 突 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tū | tū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dwot › | ‹ thwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-tʰˁut/ | /*tʰˁut/ |
| English | burst through | break through; suddenly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 突 | 突 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12486 | 12488 |
| Phonetic component | 突 | 突 |
| Rime group | 物 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宊 | 突 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰuːd/ | /*duːd/ |

#### Definitions

突
* to dash forward; to break through; to charge
    突擊／突击 ― tūjī ― to assault; to attack suddenly
* suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly
    突然 ― tūrán ― suddenly
* to stick out; to protrude
    突出 ― tūchū ― to protrude; to stick out
* (historical) flue; chimney
    曲突徙薪 ― qūtūxǐxīn ― to bend the chimney and move the firewood away from it
* (onomatopoeia) pit-a-pat (tapping sounds)
       Wǒ de xīnzàng tū tū zhí tiào. [Pinyin]
       My heart kept jumping pit-a-pat.
* (onomatopoeia) chugging (of machine noise)
       Tuōlājī pá shānpō shí tū tū de xiǎngshēng jīngdòng le zhōuwéi de dòngwù. [Pinyin]
       The chugging sound of the tractor climbing the hill startled the surrounding animals.
* tumor-like growth (in organisms)
* Short for 突尼斯 (Tūnísī, “Tunisia”).
    赴突 ― fù tū ― (formal) to go to Tunisia
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to go against; to offend; to affront
* (Cantonese) to be in excess; to have extra
* (Cantonese) with excess
* (obsolete) to penetrate; to pierce
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Zhèng Zǐzhǎn, Zǐchǎn shuài chē qībǎi shèng fá Chén, xiāo tū Chén chéng, suì rù zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Compounds

* 價值衝突 / 价值冲突
* 冒煙突火 / 冒烟突火 (mào yān tūhuǒ)
* 冒突
* 冒鋒突圍 / 冒锋突围
* 努牙突嘴
* 努睛突眼
* 唐突 (tángtū)
* 唐突西施
* 囊囊突突
* 基因突變 / 基因突变 (jīyīn tūbiàn)
* 大突破
* 奔突 (bēntū)
* 左衝右突 / 左冲右突 (zuǒchōngyòutū)
* 怛突
* 怒突
* 惑突
* 把突兒 / 把突儿
* 拔突
* 排突
* 搪突
* 曲突徙薪 (qūtūxǐxīn)
* 枉突徙薪
* 東衝西突 / 东冲西突
* 滑稽突梯
* 灶突
* 煙突 / 烟突 (yāntū)
* 狄良突盧 / 狄良突卢
* 狼奔豕突
* 猾猾突突
* 異軍突起 / 异军突起 (yìjūntūqǐ)
* 碭突 / 砀突
* 突兀 (tūwù)
* 突出 (tūchū)
* 突厥 (Tūjué)
* 突厥文
* 突厥語族 / 突厥语族 (Tūjué yǔzú)
* 突圍 / 突围 (tūwéi)
* 突地
* 突如其來 / 突如其来 (tūrúqílái)
* 突尼斯 (Tūnísī)
* 突尼西亞 / 突尼西亚
* 突怒
* 突擊 / 突击 (tūjī)
* 突擊檢查 / 突击检查
* 突梯
* 突梯滑稽
* 突火 (tūhuǒ)
* 突然 (tūrán)
* 突然襲擊 / 突然袭击 (tūránxíjī)
* 突發 / 突发 (tūfā)
* 突發奇想 / 突发奇想 (tūfāqíxiǎng)
* 突眼
* 突破 (tūpò)
* 突破口 (tūpòkǒu)
* 突破瓶頸 / 突破瓶颈
* 突磨
* 突禿 / 突秃
* 突突 (tūtū)
* 突突噥噥 / 突突哝哝
* 突突囔囔
* 突突摸摸
* 突突的
* 突襲 / 突袭 (tūxí)
* 突變 / 突变 (tūbiàn)
* 突起 (tūqǐ)
* 突進 / 突进 (tūjìn)
* 突顯 / 突显 (tūxiǎn)
* 突飛猛進 / 突飞猛进 (tūfēiměngjìn)
* 突騎 / 突骑
* 突高
* 立突
* 米突 (mǐtū)
* 米釐米突
* 糊突
* 糊突神
* 糊突突
* 胡突
* 衝突 / 冲突 (chōngtū)
* 角色衝突 / 角色冲突
* 觸突 / 触突
* 豕突
* 豕突狼奔
* 豨突
* 趵突泉
* 趵突泉詩 / 趵突泉诗
* 軸突 / 轴突 (zhóutū)
* 隳突 (huītū)
* 隳突叫號 / 隳突叫号
* 雄飛突進 / 雄飞突进
* 霸突
* 風雲突變 / 风云突变
* 馳突 / 驰突 (chítū)
* 鶻突 / 鹘突
* 墨突
* 黔突暖席

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tū (tu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): duk$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tū
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tu
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$
*** Yale: tū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tu
*** Palladius: ту (tu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^1$
*** Yale: dūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit突 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tʰu⁴⁴/ /tʰu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tʰu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tʰu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tʰv̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /tʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tʰu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /tʰəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /tʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /tʰu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /tʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /tʰuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tʰuəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰuəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tʰuʌʔ¹³/ /tuʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tʰuəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dəʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /dəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /dəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /dø²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰuʔ²¹/ /tʰeʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tʰə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tʰəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /tʰəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɨʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰut̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʰut̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tɐk̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tɐt̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tɐt̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tut̚⁵/ /tʰut̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /touʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰu²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tuk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hut̚⁵/ |

#### Definitions

突
* Used in the place name 趵突泉, a famous spring in Jinan, Shandong, China.

### References

* “突”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 突 |
| Kyūjitai | 突 &#xFA55; or 突+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 突󠄁 突+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 突󠄃 突+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 突)
* poke
** prod, nudge
** prick, stab
** bump into, collide
** stick out, protrude
* suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly
* (martial arts) an attacking move in kendo, sumo, et al.; thrust, lunge

#### Readings

* Go-on: どち (dochi)
* Kan-on: とつ (totsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: つく (tsuku, 突く, Jōyō)、つき (tsuki, 突き)、つつく (tsutsuku, 突く)、つん (tsun, 突ん)

#### Compounds

* 突然(とつぜん) (totsuzen): sudden, unexpected, all at once
* 煙突(えんとつ) (entotsu): chimney
* 衝突(しょうとつ) (shōtotsu): collision, crash, conflict of opinion
* 突端(とったん) (tottan): headland (land that juts into the sea)
* 突破(とっぱ) (toppa): breakthrough
* 突走(つっぱし)る (tsuppashiru): rush

#### Usage notes

A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA55) exists for the kyūjitai form of 突.

### References

* ↑ “突”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 突 (MC dwot|thwot).

### Hanja

Wikisource 突 (eumhun 갑자기 돌 (gapjagi dol))
* hanja form of 돌 (“dash; clash”)
* hanja form of 돌 (“sudden”)
* hanja form of 돌 (“protrusion; penetration; piercing”)

#### Compounds

* 격돌 (激突, gyeokdol, “collision; clash”)
* 돌격 (突擊, dolgyeok, “dash, assault”)
* 돌궐 (突厥, dolgwol, “Turk”)
* 돌기 (突起, dolgi, “protrusion; projection”)
* 돌발 (突發, dolbal, “outbreak; outburst”)
* 돌변 (突變, dolbyeon, “sudden change”)
* 돌연 (突然, doryeon, “suddenly”)
* 돌진 (突進, doljin, “dash; rush”)
* 돌출 (突出, dolchul, “protrusion”)
* 돌파 (突破, dolpa, “breakthrough”)
* 돌파구 (突破口, dolpagu, “breakthrough”)
* 돌풍 (突風, dolpung, “gust”)
* 연돌 (煙突, yeondol, “flue; chimney”)
* 온돌 (溫突, ondol, “underfloor heating”)
* 충돌 (衝突, chungdol, “clash; collision”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

突: Hán Nôm readings: đột, đuột, sột, tọt, chặt, chợt, dột, đợt, đụt, lọt, mất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.