# 控

| 控 | U+63A7, &#25511; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63A7 |
| ← 掦 [U+63A6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 推 → [U+63A8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

控 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手十金一 (QJCM), four-corner 5301$_1$, composition ⿰扌空)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 439, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12283
* Dae Jaweon: page 789, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1906, character 9
* Unihan data for U+63A7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 扌 + phonetic 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kòng (kong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khúng / khung
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kung$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kóng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kang$^4$ / korng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khàng / khòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^4$
*** Yale: kùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konq
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^3$
*** Yale: hung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúng / khung
*** Hakka Romanization System: kung$^ˋ$ / kung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kung$^3$ / kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ³¹/, /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰʊŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kóng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰouŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaŋ⁴²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
* kang4 - vernacular;
* korng4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 控 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦貢切 |
| Baxter | khuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤoŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 控 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁoŋ-s/ |
| English | pull (on bow or reins) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 控 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 4046 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 控 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːŋs/ |

#### Etymology

* (-phile): From Japanese コン (kon), short for コンプレックス (konpurekkusu, “complex”), from English complex.
* (concert): From Japanese コン (kon), short for コンサート (konsāto, “concert”), from English concert.

#### Definitions

控
* to control; to take charge of
* to accuse; to charge
    指控 ― zhǐkòng ― to accuse
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Kòng yú dà bāng, shéi yīn shéi jí? [Pinyin]
    I would have carried the case before the great State. On whom should I have relied? Who would come to the help of Wey?
* to hang upside down
* to turn upside down to empty
* (of parts of the body) to fail to be sufficiently supported
* (Internet slang, originally chiefly ACG) -phile
    巨乳控 ― jùrǔ kòng ― someone who likes large breasts
* (idol fandom) concert
    去霓虹看控 ― qù níhóng kàn kòng ― go to Japan to see a concert
* (Internet slang) strong liking
* (Internet slang) to strongly like
* to open a bow; to draw the bowstring
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Yǐ gù Mòdú dé zìqiáng, kòngxiánzhīshì sānshíyúwàn. [Pinyin]
    As a result, Modu was able to strengthen himself and mobilized a force of over three hundred thousand archers (literally, "string-drawing men").
    From: 675, Wang Bo (王勃), Tengwang Ge Xu (《滕王閣序》)
    Jīn sānjiāng ér dài wǔhú, kòng mánjīng ér yǐn ōuyuè. [Pinyin]
    Three Rivers her lapel, and Five Lakes her girdle, She opens the bow of Chu, and draws the string of Yue.
* to impede
* to throw
* to bend
* to halt
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ xuè qǐ ér fēi, qiāng yú fāng, shí zé bùzhì ér kòng yú dì éryǐ yǐ. [Pinyin]
    We make an effort and fly towards an elm or sapanwood tree; and sometimes before we reach it, we can do no more but drop to the ground.
* (Southern Min) to dig out with one's finger
* (Southern Min) to use various means to acquire someone's money or property
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to climb

##### Synonyms

* (to control):
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束 (literary, or in compounds)
* 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
* 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
* 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
* 節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
* 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕 / 驾 (jià)
* 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)
* (to accuse):
* port (pot$^1$) (Cantonese, Hong Kong)
* 出首 (chūshǒu) (literary)
* 告密 (gàomì)
* 告發 / 告发 (gàofā)
* 報水 / 报水 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 檢舉 / 检举 (jiǎnjǔ)
* 舉報 / 举报 (jǔbào)
* (to climb):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 爬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擒, 爬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 擒 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 爬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 爬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 爬啦 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 爬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 𬦰, 控 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 爬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 爬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爬 |

#### Compounds

* 中控臺 / 中控台 (zhōngkòngtái)
* 主控
* 兄控 (xiōngkòng)
* 副控室 (fùkòngshì)
* 嚴控 / 严控 (yánkòng)
* 回饋控制 / 回馈控制
* 圖控軟體 / 图控软体
* 大叔控 (dàshūkòng)
* 失控 (shīkòng)
* 妹控 (mèikòng)
* 封控 (fēngkòng)
* 射控雷達 / 射控雷达
* 指控 (zhǐkòng)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 控制卡
* 控制單元 / 控制单元
* 控制室
* 控制桿 / 控制杆 (kòngzhìgǎn)
* 控制棒 (kòngzhìbàng)
* 控名責實 / 控名责实
* 控告 (kònggào)
* 控弦 (kòngxián)
* 控御 (kòngyù)
* 控持
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 控捲 / 控卷
* 控球
* 控股公司 (kònggǔ gōngsī)
* 控背躬身
* 控訴 / 控诉 (kòngsù)
* 控馬 / 控马
* 控鶴 / 控鹤
* 提控 (tíkòng)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 數位控制 / 数位控制
* 數值控制 / 数值控制
* 查控 (chákòng)
* 檢控 / 检控 (jiǎnkòng)
* 燈控 / 灯控
* 發射控制 / 发射控制
* 監控 / 监控 (jiānkòng)
* 磬控
* 社會控制 / 社会控制
* 票控 (piàokòng)
* 程序控制 (chéngxù kòngzhì)
* 程式控制
* 程控 (chéngkòng)
* 聲控玩具 / 声控玩具
* 自動控制 / 自动控制
* 自控
* 蘿莉控 / 萝莉控 (luólìkòng)
* 被控 (bèikòng)
* 遙控 / 遥控 (yáokòng)
* 遙控器 / 遥控器 (yáokòngqì)
* 遙控飛機 / 遥控飞机

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kōng (kong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kong
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$
*** Yale: kūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

控
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to remove

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiāng (qiang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^1$
*** Yale: chyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
*** Palladius: цян (cjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khaewng
Rime :
| Character | 控 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦江切 |
| Baxter | khaewng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 控 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4008 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腔 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰroːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

控
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to beat

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: くう (kū)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ひかえる (hikaeru, 控える, Jōyō)、ひかえ (hikae)

## Korean
### Hanja

控 • (gong, gang) (hangeul 공, 강, revised gong, gang, McCune–Reischauer kong, kang, Yale kong, kang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

控: Hán Nôm readings: khống
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.