# 南極
## Chinese

* 南極 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 南極 (Cantonese)
* 南極 (Classical)
* 南極 (Gan)
* Lâm-ke̍k (Southern Min)
* 南极 (Wu)

### Etymology

First attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602].

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Nánjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naam$^4$ gik$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Nàm-khi̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): nam kid$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-ke̍k / Lâm-kia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam$^5$ gêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Nánjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Nánjí
*** Wade–Giles: Nan$^2$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: Nán-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanjyi
*** Palladius: Наньцзи (Nanʹczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^4$ gik$^6$
*** Yale: nàahm gihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^4$ gik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^4$ gig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm²¹ kɪk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Nàm-khi̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam$^ˇ$ kid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nam$^2$ kid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kʰit̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam kid$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam⁵⁵ kʰit²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-ke̍k
*** Tâi-lô: Lâm-ki̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lamkek
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ kiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² kiɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-kia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: Lâm-kia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lamkiak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiak̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lam$^5$ gêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm ke̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kek̚⁴/

### Proper noun

南極
* the South Pole

#### Derived terms

* 南極半島 / 南极半岛 (Nánjí Bàndǎo)
* 南極圈 / 南极圈 (Nánjíquān)
* 南極洲 / 南极洲 (Nánjízhōu)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 南極(なんきょく) (Nankyoku)
* → Korean: 남극(南極) (Namgeuk)
* → Vietnamese: Nam cực (南極)

#### See also

* 北極／北极 (Běijí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 極 |
| なん Grade: 2 | きょく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんきょく [nàńkyókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

南(なん)極(きょく) • (nankyoku)
* Short for 南極圏. south polar region

### Proper noun

南(なん)極(きょく) • (Nankyoku)
* (geography) South Pole; Antarctica

#### Synonyms

* (south polar region): 南(なん)極(きょく)大(たい)陸(りく) (nankyoku-tairiku): Antarctica
* (south pole): 南(なん)極(きょく)点(てん) (nankyokuten): South Pole

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “north polar region”): 北(ほっ)極(きょく) (hokkyoku)
* (antonym(s) of “north pole”): 北(ほっ)極(きょく)点(てん) (hokkyokuten): North Pole

#### Coordinate terms

* アフリカ (Afurika)
* アメリカ (Amerika)
** 北(きた)アメリカ (Kita Amerika)
** 南(みなみ)アメリカ (Minami Amerika)
* オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria)
* 南(なん)極(きょく) (Nankyoku)
* ユーラシア (Yūrashia)
* ↑ Traditionally, Japanese distinguishes six "continents" (Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania) from six "landmasses" (Africa, North America, South America, Eurasia, Australia, Antarctica).

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 南 | 極 |

### Noun

南極 • (namgeuk) (hangeul 남극)
* hanja form of 남극 (“south pole”)

### Proper noun

南極 • (Namgeuk) (hangeul 남극)
* hanja form of 남극 (“South Pole; Antarctica”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 南 | 極 |

### Noun

南極
* chữ Hán form of nam cực (“south pole”).

### Proper noun

南極
* chữ Hán form of Nam cực (“the South Pole”).