# رمضان
## Arabic
### Etymology

The month was a summer month in pre-Islamic times before the Quranic prohibition against leap months (Quran 9:37). Hence without doubt from the root ر م ض (r m ḍ), and related to رَمَض (ramaḍ, “parchedness, scorchedness”) and رَمْضَاء (ramḍāʔ, “sun-baked ground”). Compare also اِرْتَمَضَ (irtamaḍa, “to be consumed by grief and sorrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.ma.dˤaːn/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /ram.dˤaːn/, /rum.dˤaːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Proper noun

رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m
* Ramadan
* a male given name

#### Declension
### Noun

رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m (plural رَمَضَانَات (ramaḍānāt) or أَرْمِضَة (ʔarmiḍa) or أَرْمِضَاء (ʔarmiḍāʔ) or رَمَاضِين (ramāḍīn))
* Ramadan

#### Coordinate terms

* Hijri calendar months in Arabic · الْأَشْهُر فِي التَّقْوِيمِ الْهِجْرِيّ (al-ʔašhur fī at-taqwīmi al-hijriyy) (layout · text) Muharram Safar Rabi I Rabi II اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) صَفَر (ṣafar) رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) Jumada I Jumada II Rajab Sha'ban جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā) جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) رَجَب (rajab) شَعْبَان (šaʕbān) Ramadan Shawwal Dhu'l-Qa'da Dhu'l-Hijja رَمَضَان (ramaḍān) شَوَّال (šawwāl) ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda) ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja)
* أَيْلُول (ʔaylūl)
* سِبْتِمْبِر (sibtimbir), سِبْتَمْبِر (sibtambir), سَبْتَمْبَر (sabtambar)
* تَقْوِيم هِجْرِيّ (taqwīm hijriyy)

#### Derived terms

* رَمَضَانِيّ (ramaḍāniyy)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: Randan (“Lent”)
* → Catalan: ramadà
* → Classical Persian: رَمَضَان (ramazān), رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial) (see there for further descendants)
* → English: Ramadan
* → French: ramadan
* → Japanese: ラマダーン (Ramadān)
* → Maguindanao: Ramedlan, Ramadlan
* → Malay: Ramadan, Ramadhan (superseded)
** Indonesian: Ramadan
* → Malayalam: റമദാൻ (ṟamadāṉ), റമലാൻ (ṟamalāṉ)
* → Maltese: Ramadan (“Ramadan”)
* → Maranao: Ramadan⁧
* → Ottoman Turkish: رَمَضَان (ramazân)⁧⁩ (see there for further descendants)
* → Tamil: ரமலான் (ramalāṉ, “Ramadan”), ரமதான் (ramatāṉ)
* → Uyghur: رامىزان (ramizan)
* → Uzbek: ramazan

## Malay
### Proper noun

رمضان
* Jawi spelling of Ramadan‎.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

### Noun

رمضان • (ramazân)
* (Islam) Ramadan

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Ramazan
* → Bulgarian: рамаза́н (ramazán)
* → Macedonian: рамазан (ramazan)
* → Serbo-Croatian: ramàzān

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾa.ma.ˈzɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rä.mä.zɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹæ.mæ.zɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾä.mä.zɔ́n]

### Noun

رمضان • (ramazân, ramzân)
* (Islam) Ramadan

#### Coordinate terms

* محرم
* صفر
* ربیع‌الاول
* ربیع‌الثانی
* جمادی‌الاول
* جمادی‌الثانی
* رجب
* شعبان
* رمضان
* شوال
* ذی‌القعده
* ذی‌الحجه

### Proper noun

رمضان • (ramzân)
* a male given name, Ramazan

#### Descendants

* → Assamese: ৰমজান (romzan)
* → Bengali: রমজান (romjan)
* → Gujarati: રમજાન (ramjān)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: रमज़ान (ramzān), रमजान (ramjān)
    Urdu: رَمْضَان (ramzān), رَمَضَان (ramazān) (see there for further descendants)
* → Marathi: रमजान (ramjān)
* → Odia: ରମଜାନ (ramajāna)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ (ramzān)
** Shahmukhi script: رَمضان (ramẓān)
* → Sylheti: ꠞꠝꠎꠣꠘ (romzan)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਰਮਦਾਨਾ (ramadānā).

### Noun

رَمضان • (ramẓān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ)
* (Islam) Ramadan
    Synonym: رمدان (ramdān)

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾəm.zɑːnʊ/
* Rhymes: -ʊ

### Noun

رَمْضانُ • (ramzānu) m (Devanagari रमज़ानु)
* (Islam) Ramadan

### References

* Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “رَمْضانُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān, ramzān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾə.mə.zɑːn/
* (common) IPA: /ɾəm.zɑːn/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

### Proper noun

رَمَضان • (ramazān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)
* (Islam) Ramadan
* a male given name, Ramzan or Ramazan, from Arabic

#### Descendants

* → Kannada: ರಮ್ಜಾನ್ (ramjān), ರಂಜಾನ್ (rañjān)
* → Malayalam: റംസാൻ (ṟaṁsāṉ)
* → Tamil: ரம்சான் (ramcāṉ), ரம்ஜான் (ramjāṉ)
* → Telugu: రమ్జాన్ (ramjān), రంజాన్ (rañjān)

### See also

Hijri calendar months in Urdu · ہِجْری تَقْوِیم (hijrī taqvīm) (layout · text) :
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| مُحَرَّم (muharram) | صَفَر (safar) | رَبِیعُ الْاَوَّل (rabī'-ul-avval) | رَبِیعُ الثّانی (rabī'ussānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جَمادی الْاَوَّل (jamādī-ul-avval) | جمادی الثّانی (jamādīussānī) | رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبان (śa'bān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رَمَضان (ramazān) | شَوال (śavāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَہ (zūl-qa'da) | ذُو الْحِجَّہ (zūl-hijja) |

### Further reading

* “رمضان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “رمضان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “رمضان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “رمضان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.