# 拳

| 拳 | U+62F3, &#25331; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3 |
| ← 拲 [U+62F2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 拴 → [U+62F4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 9050$_2$, composition ⿱龹手)

#### Related characters

* 券

#### Derived characters

* 𱐉, 𡺹, 搼, 𰯈, 𨃪, 𩏗, 𦶸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
* Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
* Unihan data for U+62F3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 潫 | *qroːn, *qon, *qron |
| 豢 | *ɡroːns |
| 勬 | *kron, *krons |
| 韏 | *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons |
| 眷 | *krons |
| 桊 | *krons |
| 絭 | *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ |
| 觠 | *krons, *ɡron |
| 飬 | *krons |
| 弮 | *kʰron, *krons |
| 拳 | *ɡron |
| 卷 | *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ |
| 齤 | *ɡron |
| 券 | *kʰons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡron): phonetic 龹 + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

### Etymology

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): quán (quan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): quan$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kyun$^4$ / kyun$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qyon$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khièn / khiàn
    (Hailu, HRS): kien
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kian$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qye$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̂ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): gùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kûn / koân / khoân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jioe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qye$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quán
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^2$
*** Yale: chywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyuan
*** Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: quan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuan
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kyun$^4$ / kyun$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: kyùhn / kyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kyn$^4$ / kyn$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kün$^4$ / kün$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyːn²¹/, /kʰyːn²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰun²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qyon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyɵn²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: kian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰien⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰian¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qye$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̂ing
*** Sinological IPA : /kyiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gùng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kûn
*** Tâi-lô: kûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuun
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koân
*** Tâi-lô: kuân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoân
*** Tâi-lô: khuân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuan¹³/
* kûn - vernacular;
* koân/khoân - literary.
* Middle Chinese: gjwen
Rime :
| Character | 拳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (80) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨員切 |
| Baxter | gjwen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡʷᵚiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gwian/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭwɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | quán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kro[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡron/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 拳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | quán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kro[n]/ |
| English | fist (< rolled-up hand) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 拳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7165 |
| Phonetic component |  |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 權 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡron/ |

### Definitions

拳
* fist
* Chinese boxing
    洪拳 [Cantonese] ― hung$^4$ kyun$^4$ [Jyutping] ― Hong Ga
    太極拳／太极拳 ― tàijíquán ― tai chi; taijiquan
* Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
* Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 拳 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 拳頭, 拳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 拳頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 拳頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 拳頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 拳頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 拳頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 拳頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 拳頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拳頭, 拳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 拳頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 槌頭子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 槌骨嘟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 槌 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 槌頭子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 槌頭, 槌骨嘟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 皮槌, 槌頭子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 槌頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 槌頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 拳頭, 槌頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 槌頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 槌頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 拳頭, 槌子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 拳頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 拳頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 拳頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 拳頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 拳頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 拳頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 拳頭公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 拳頭牯, 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 拳頭, 槌頭 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 拳槌 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 拳頭, 拳槌 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 拳頭, 拳槌 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 拳槌 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 拳頭, 槌頭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 拳頭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 拳頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 拳頭, 槌頭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 拳頭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 槌頭牯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 拳牯 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 拳 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 拳頭牯 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 拳頭牯 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 拳頭嫲牯 |
| Hakka | Changting | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 拳頭牯, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 拳頭牯, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 拳頭腦 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 拳頭牯 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 拳頭, 拳頭牯 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 拳捶 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 拳, 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 拳頭 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 拳 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 拳 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 槌 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 拳頭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 拳頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 圪都, 槌頭子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 拳頭 |
| Jin | Linhe | 槌頭 |
| Jin | Jining | 拳頭 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都 |
| Jin | Baotou | 拳頭 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 拳頭 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 槌頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 拳頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 拳頭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 拳母, 拳頭母 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 拳母, 拳 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 拳頭, 拳頭牯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 拳頭牯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 拳頭牯 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 拳頭牯 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 拳頭, 拳頭牯 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 拳頭, 拳頭牯 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 拳頭, 拳槌 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 拳頭牯 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 鋤頭牯 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 鋤頭牯 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 拳頭 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 拳頭牯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 拳頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 拳, 拳頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 拳, 拳頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 拳頭牯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 槌頭牯, 槌頭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 槌頭牯 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 拳頭牯 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 拳頭 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
* → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
* → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)
Others:
* → Bouyei: jianz
* → Khmer: គុន (kun)
* → Zhuang: gienz

### Compounds

* 一拳
* 一拳柱定
* 仙人拳
* 內家拳法 / 内家拳法
* 八卦拳
* 八極拳 / 八极拳 (bājíquán)
* 六合拳譜 / 六合拳谱
* 划拳 (huáquán)
* 北拳 (běiquán)
* 南拳 (nánquán)
* 太極拳 / 太极拳 (tàijíquán)
* 少林拳 (Shàolínquán)
* 巴子拳
* 庚子拳亂 / 庚子拳乱
* 形意拳
* 截短拳
* 戳短拳
* 打太平拳
* 打太極拳 / 打太极拳 (dǎ tàijíquán)
* 打拳 (dǎquán)
* 抱拳 (bàoquán)
* 拳不離手，曲不離口 / 拳不离手，曲不离口 (quánbùlíshǒu, qūbùlíkǒu)
* 拳交 (quánjiāo)
* 拳勇
* 拳匪
* 拳壇 / 拳坛
* 拽大拳
* 拳套 (quántào)
* 拳師 / 拳师 (quánshī)
* 拳打 (quándǎ)
* 拳打腳踢 / 拳打脚踢 (quándǎjiǎotī)
* 拳拳 (quánquán)
* 拳拳服膺
* 拳擊 / 拳击 (quánjī)
* 拳攣 / 拳挛
* 拳曲 (quánqū)
* 拳棒
* 拳民
* 拳法 (quánfǎ)
* 拳派
* 拳王 (quánwáng)
* 拳腳 / 拳脚 (quánjiǎo)
* 拳腳交加 / 拳脚交加
* 拳術 / 拳术 (quánshù)
* 拳譜 / 拳谱
* 拳賽 / 拳赛 (quánsài)
* 拳跼
* 拳銃 / 拳铳
* 拳頭 / 拳头
* 拳頭產品 / 拳头产品
* 捋臂將拳 / 捋臂将拳
* 捋臂揎拳
* 捋袖揎拳
* 掄拳 / 抡拳
* 握拳
* 揮拳 / 挥拳
* 揎拳捋袖
* 揎拳擄袖 / 揎拳掳袖
* 揎拳攞袖 / 揎拳𫽋袖
* 握拳透掌
* 握拳透爪
* 搳拳 (huáquán)
* 摩拳擦掌 (móquáncāzhǎng)
* 撞心拳
* 擎拳合掌
* 擄袖揎拳 / 掳袖揎拳
* 擦拳抹掌
* 擦拳磨掌
* 擦掌摩拳
* 擦掌磨拳
* 攛拳攏袖 / 撺拳拢袖
* 查拳
* 毒手尊拳
* 比箭掄拳 / 比箭抡拳
* 泰國拳 / 泰国拳
* 洶洶拳拳 / 汹汹拳拳
* 無拳無勇 / 无拳无勇
* 猜拳 (cāiquán)
* 直拳
* 磨拳擦掌 (móquáncāzhǎng)
* 美人拳
* 義和拳 / 义和拳 (Yìhéquán)
* 老拳 (lǎoquán)
* 花拳
* 花拳繡腿 / 花拳绣腿 (huāquánxiùtuǐ)
* 莒拳
* 虎爪拳
* 蛇拳
* 螳螂拳
* 裸袖揎拳
* 話拳 / 话拳
* 豁拳 (huáquán)
* 赤手空拳 (chìshǒukōngquán)
* 跆拳道 (táiquándào)
* 蹬心拳
* 通臂拳
* 醉拳 (zuìquán)
* 鈀子拳 / 钯子拳
* 鐵拳 / 铁拳 (tiěquán)
* 長拳 / 长拳
* 隻手單拳 / 只手单拳
* 隻手空拳 / 只手空拳
* 雞肋尊拳 / 鸡肋尊拳
* 飽以老拳 / 饱以老拳 (bǎoyǐlǎoquán)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 拳 |
| Kyūjitai | 拳󠄁 拳+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 拳󠄃 拳+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
* fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kun: こぶし (kobushi, 拳, Jōyō)
* Nanori: かたし (katashi)、つとむ (tsutomu)

#### Compounds

* 拳(けん)拳(けん) (kenken)
* 拳(げん)固(こ) (genko)
* 拳(げん)骨(こつ) (genkotsu)
* 拳(げん)酒(ざけ) (genzake)
* 拳(けん)銃(じゅう) (kenjū)
* 拳(けん)打(だ) (kenda)
* 拳(けん)玉(だま) (kendama)
* 拳(けん)闘(とう) (kentō, “boxing”)
* 拳(けん)匪(ぴ) (kenpi)
* 拳(けん)法(ぽう) (kenpō)
* 拳(げん)万(まん) (genman)
* 合(あい)拳(けん) (aiken)
* 石(いし)拳(けん) (ishiken)
* 狐(きつね)拳(けん) (kitsuneken)
* 軍(ぐん)師(し)拳(けん) (gunshiken)
* 薩(さつ)摩(ま)拳(けん) (satsumaken)
* じゃん拳(けん) (janken)
* 手(しゅ)拳(けん) (shuken)
* 庄(しょう)屋(や)拳(けん) (shōyaken)
* 少(しょう)林(りん)拳(けん) (shōrinken)
* 太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん) (taikyokuken)
* 鉄(てっ)拳(けん) (tekken)
* 闘(とう)拳(けん) (tōken)
* 藤(とう)八(はち)拳(けん) (tōhachiken)
* 徒(と)手(しゅ)空(くう)拳(けん) (toshukūken)
* 虎(とら)拳(けん) (toraken)
* 本(ほん)拳(けん) (honken)
* 交(ま)ぜ拳(けん), 雑(ま)ぜ拳(けん) (mazeken)
* 虫(むし)拳(けん) (mushiken)
* 野(や)球(きゅう)拳(けん) (yakyūken)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 拳
* こぶし Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Probably from Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 810 CE.
Japanese dictionaries do not list any further derivation. A surface analysis suggests that this term might be a compound. If so, possibly from 小 (ko, diminutive prefix) + 節 (fushi, “joint; knuckle; knob”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こぶし [kòbúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

拳(こぶし) • (kobushi)
* [from 810] fist
* [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
* [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
    Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)
* [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
* [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
    Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)
* [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
* Alternative spelling of 辛夷 (kobushi, “Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus”)

##### Derived terms

* 握(にぎ)り拳(こぶし) (nigirikobushi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 拳
* けん Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).
The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けん [kéꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1]) for the noun sense
* IPA: [kẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

拳(けん) • (ken)
* [from 1500s] a fist
    Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
* [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
* [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

#### Suffix

拳(けん) • (-ken)
* (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
    Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
    蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)
       tōrōken
       mantis style
    太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)
       taikyokuken
       tai chi
    波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)
       Hadōken
       Surge Fist
** 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２　[海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
    やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)？
       Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
       He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
       Umisenken?
       Umisenken?
** 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
    今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼む通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で　水(みず)を‥‥‼
       Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
       It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
       Mu
       Mm?
       Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
       Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
       Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
       Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
** 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
    ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼
       Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
       Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
** 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ)　カーニバル［祭(まつり)］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    直(ちょく)撃(げき)！ブラボー拳(けん)‼
       Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
       Direct! Bravo Punch‼

### References

* ↑ “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “拳”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital)
* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).
Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))
* hanja form of 권 (“fist”)

#### Compounds

* 권법 (拳法, gwonbeop)
* 권용 (拳勇, gwonyong)
* 권총 (拳銃, gwonchong)
* 권투 (拳鬪, gwontu)
* 철권 (鐵拳, cheolgwon)
* 태권도 (跆拳道, taegwondo, “taekwondo”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.