# 清

| 清 | U+6E05, &#28165; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E05 |
| ← 渄 [U+6E04] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 渆 → [U+6E06] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

The character present in the Kangxi dictionary is 淸 (U+6DF8), which is also the form used in Korea.

### Han character

清 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水手一月 (EQMB), four-corner 3512$_7$, composition ⿰氵青(GHTJV))

#### Derived characters

* 蔳, 𢴆, 𤂅, 𪸃, 𬈚, 𬈴, 𤄯, 𠑴

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 633, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17695
* Dae Jaweon: page 1038, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1637, character 11
* Unihan data for U+6E05

## Chinese

* 清 (Gan)
* 清 (Southern Min)
* 清 (Wu)
* 清 (Cantonese)
* 清 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 清姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Chheng (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear; pure; clean”); cognate with Tibetan གཙང (gtsang, “clean; pure”), Mizo thiang (“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”), Southern Qiang ɕó, Drung cangma (“clean”), Burmese စင် (cang, “clean, pure”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Within Chinese, cognate with 淨 (OC *zeŋs, “clean”), 醒 (OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with 星 (OC *sleːŋ, “star”), 晴 (OC *zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps an areal word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caŋ (“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qīng (qing$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qin$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чин (čin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cing$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ten$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhîn / chhiâng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qin$^1$ / qiang$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chéng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng / chĭng / chiăng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chheng / chhiⁿ / chhuiⁿ / chheⁿ / chhiaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cing
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ching
*** Palladius: цин (cin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чин (čin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ten$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰen³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn / chhiâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: qin$^ˊ$ / qiang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qin$^1$ / qiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴/, /t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qin$^1$ / qiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chéng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng / chĭng / chiăng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
* chĭng - literary;
* chiăng - vernacular (used in placenames, e.g. 福清);
* cĭng - thin, dilute.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit清 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰiŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/ /t͡sʰei¹³/ ～湯 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰeŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰin³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰin³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁴²/ 稀,不稠 /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/ ～楚 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/ /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/ ～明 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰin²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰeŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/ ～明 /t͡sʰiã⁵⁵/ 福～ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰeŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /seŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tshjeng
Rime :
| Character | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七情切 |
| Baxter | tshjeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshjeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsʰeŋ/ |
| English | clear (adj.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11338 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 清 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleŋ/ |

#### Definitions

清
* clear; limpid
* clean; unstained
* pure; unmixed
* distinct; clear; apparent
* fair and honest; upright
* quiet; still
* (phonetics) unaspirated
* to clear (throat, etc.); to clean
* to settle; to sort out
* (～朝) the Qing (Ching) dynasty (Manchu) (1644-1911)
* (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Eastern Min, of liquids) dilute, thin
* (Teochew) only; merely
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (the Qing dynasty):
* 大清 (Dàqīng)
* 大清國 / 大清国 (Dà Qīngguó)
* 大清帝國 / 大清帝国 (Dàqīng Dìguó)
* 清代 (Qīngdài)
* 清國 / 清国 (Qīngguó)
* 清帝國 / 清帝国
* 清朝 (Qīngcháo)
* 滿清 / 满清 (Mǎnqīng)
* 皇清 (Huángqīng)
* 韃清 / 鞑清 (Dáqīng) (derogatory)
* (dilute, thin):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 清, 稀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 稀, 清 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 稀, 消 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 稀, 消 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 稀, 削 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 稀, 削 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 清 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鮮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 清 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 清 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 清 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 清 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 稀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 清, 稀 |
| Gan | Jianning | 清 |
| Gan | Taining | 清 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 稀 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 稀 |
| Hakka | Changting | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鮮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 增 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 增 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 增 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Shunchang (Yangdun) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 增 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 增 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 增 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 漖, 清 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 稀 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 淺 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 淺 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 淺 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 清, 淺, 稀 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 稀 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 淺, 清 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi | 清 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Datian (Guangping) | 增 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 漖, 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 漖, 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 浮 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 漖 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 漖 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 增 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 增 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 增 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 清 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 稀 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 薄 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 薄, 朗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 薄 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 清 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 清, 稀 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 清, 稀 |
* (only):
* 一塌括子 ($^7$iq-thaeq$_7$-khuaeq$_7$-tsy$_3$) (Suzhounese)
* 僅僅 / 仅仅 (jǐnjǐn)
* 儷是 / 俪是 (nâ-sê) (Eastern Min)
* 則是 / 则是 (zéshì) (archaic)
* 只
* 只係 / 只系 (zi$^2$ hai$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 只是 (zhǐshì)
* 單純 / 单纯 (dānchún)
* 孤啊 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 孤單 / 孤单 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 干焦 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 徒然 (túrán)

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

#### Compounds

* 一清二楚 (yīqīng'èrchǔ)
* 一清二白
* 一清如水
* 一清專案 / 一清专案
* 三清 (sānqīng)
* 上清
* 上清童子 (shàngqīng tóngzǐ)
* 三清觀 / 三清观 (Sānqīngguàn)
* 三清道觀 / 三清道观
* 不清 (bùqīng)
* 不清不楚
* 不清不潔 / 不清不洁
* 不清不白
* 乾清宮 / 乾清宫 (Qiánqīng Gōng)
* 了清
* 付清 (fùqīng)
* 俟河之清
* 倒清尊
* 假撇清
* 免疫血清 (miǎnyì xuèqīng)
* 全清 (quánqīng)
* 兩袖清風 / 两袖清风 (liǎngxiùqīngfēng)
* 六根清淨 / 六根清净
* 冰清
* 冰清水冷
* 冰清玉潔 / 冰清玉洁 (bīngqīngyùjié)
* 冰清玉潤 / 冰清玉润
* 冰清鬼冷
* 冷冷清清 (lěnglěngqīngqīng)
* 冷清 (lěngqīng)
* 冷清清 (lěngqīngqīng)
* 冷灶清鍋 / 冷灶清锅
* 出清
* 刑清
* 劃清 / 划清 (huàqīng)
* 劃清界線 / 划清界线 (huàqīngjièxiàn)
* 區宇一清 / 区宇一清
* 十清九濁 / 十清九浊
* 反清復明 / 反清复明 (fǎnqīngfùmíng)
* 含糊不清
* 品格清高
* 四清六活
* 堅壁清野 / 坚壁清野 (jiānbìqīngyě)
* 大清律
* 大清早 (dàqīngzǎo)
* 大清早上
* 大清早起
* 大清會典 / 大清会典
* 大清河
* 天朗氣清 / 天朗气清 (tiānlǎngqìqīng)
* 太清
* 天清氣朗 / 天清气朗
* 天高氣清 / 天高气清
* 妙舞清歌
* 寅清
* 山清水秀 (shānqīngshuǐxiù)
* 巴寡婦清 / 巴寡妇清
* 廓清 (kuòqīng)
* 弊絕風清 / 弊绝风清 (bìjuéfēngqīng)
* 扯不清
* 抗毒血清
* 扳纏不清 / 扳缠不清
* 抗菌血清
* 抗血清
* 拋清 / 抛清
* 揚州清曲 / 扬州清曲
* 揚清抑濁 / 扬清抑浊
* 揚清激濁 / 扬清激浊
* 揮麈清談 / 挥麈清谈
* 摸不清
* 摸清
* 撇清
* 摧陷廓清
* 擁篲清道 / 拥篲清道
* 擾人清夢 / 扰人清梦 (rǎorénqīngmèng)
* 攬轡澄清 / 揽辔澄清
* 政清獄簡 / 政清狱简
* 政簡刑清 / 政简刑清
* 數不清 / 数不清
* 旁觀者清 / 旁观者清
* 明月清風 / 明月清风
* 月明風清 / 月明风清
* 月朗風清 / 月朗风清
* 月白風清 / 月白风清 (yuèbái fēngqīng)
* 朗月清風 / 朗月清风
* 條理不清 / 条理不清
* 正本清源 (zhèngběnqīngyuán)
* 正直清廉
* 正身清心
* 武清 (Wǔqīng)
* 水木清華 / 水木清华
* 水清無魚 / 水清无鱼
* 水清石見 / 水清石见
* 水潔冰清 / 水洁冰清
* 沒清頭 / 没清头
* 河清
* 泰清
* 河清海晏
* 河清難俟 / 河清难俟
* 洗清
* 洌清
* 海晏河清 (hǎiyànhéqīng)
* 清一色 (qīngyīsè)
* 清丈
* 清世 (qīngshì)
* 清世宗
* 清世祖
* 清么
* 清亮
* 清人 (qīngrén)
* 清介
* 清俊
* 清修
* 清倉 / 清仓 (qīngcāng)
* 清健
* 清償 / 清偿 (qīngcháng)
* 清光
* 清光滑辣 (qīngguānghuálà)
* 清典
* 清冊 / 清册
* 清冷 (qīnglěng)
* 清冽
* 清切
* 清劭
* 清勁風 / 清劲风
* 清勦 / 清剿 (qīngjiǎo)
* 清化 (qīnghuà)
* 清原正本
* 清厲 / 清厉
* 清口
* 清史稿
* 清名
* 清吹
* 清君側 / 清君侧 (qīngjūncè)
* 清吟小班
* 清和 (Qīnghé)
* 清唱 (qīngchàng)
* 清商 (qīngshāng)
* 清唱劇 / 清唱剧 (qīngchàngjù)
* 清商樂 / 清商乐 (qīngshāngyuè)
* 清單 / 清单 (qīngdān)
* 清噴漆 / 清喷漆
* 清坪 (Qīngpíng)
* 清場 / 清场 (qīngchǎng)
* 清塵 / 清尘
* 清塵濁水 / 清尘浊水
* 清士 (qīngshì)
* 清夜
* 清太坪 (Qīngtàipíng)
* 清太祖
* 清奇 (qīngqí)
* 清婉
* 清官 (qīngguān)
* 清客
* 清室 (qīngshì)
* 清寂
* 清寒 (qīnghán)
* 清寒子弟
* 清察
* 清峻
* 清帳 / 清帐
* 清幫 / 清帮
* 清平 (qīngpíng)
* 清平世界
* 清平調 / 清平调
* 清幽 (qīngyōu)
* 清庫 / 清库
* 清廉 (qīnglián)
* 清廟 / 清庙
* 清廷 (qīngtíng)
* 清徹 / 清彻 (qīngchè)
* 清德宗
* 清心 (qīngxīn)
* 清心寡慾 / 清心寡欲 (qīngxīnguǎyù)
* 清心省事
* 清恙
* 清恬
* 清慎
* 清拔
* 清掃 / 清扫 (qīngsǎo)
* 清揚 / 清扬
* 清操
* 清教徒 (qīngjiàotú)
* 清文 (Qīngwén)
* 清新 (qīngxīn)
* 清新俊逸
* 清新雋永 / 清新隽永
* 清早 (qīngzǎo)
* 清明 (qīngmíng)
* 清明河 (Qīngmínghé)
* 清明節 / 清明节 (Qīngmíngjié)
* 清晨 (qīngchén)
* 清晰 (qīngxī)
* 清晰可見 / 清晰可见
* 清晰度 (qīngxīdù)
* 清暉 / 清晖
* 清曉 / 清晓
* 清曲
* 清曹峻府
* 清朗 (qīnglǎng)
* 清望
* 清朝 (Qīngcháo)
* 清查 (qīngchá)
* 清桿運動 / 清杆运动
* 清楚
* 清標 / 清标
* 清樂 / 清乐 (qīngyuè)
* 清樣 / 清样 (qīngyàng)
* 清檢 / 清检
* 清欠
* 清歌
* 清歌妙舞
* 清正 (qīngzhèng)
* 清氣 / 清气 (chheng-khì)
* 清水 (qīngshuǐ)
* 清水池
* 清水煙 / 清水烟
* 清水牆 / 清水墙
* 清水祖師 / 清水祖师
* 清水衙門 / 清水衙门
* 清水貨 / 清水货
* 清江 (Qīngjiāng)
* 清江浦 (Qīngjiāngpǔ, “Qingjiangpu”)
* 清泠
* 清泉 (qīngquán)
* 清河 (Qīnghé)
* 清油 (qīngyóu)
* 清河口 (Qīnghékǒu)
* 清洗 (qīngxǐ)
* 清津 (Qīngjīn, “Chongjin”)
* 清流 (qīngliú)
* 清淺 / 清浅 (qīngqiǎn)
* 清淡 (qīngdàn)
* 清淨 / 清净 (qīngjìng)
* 淑清
* 清涼 / 清凉 (qīngliáng)
* 淒清 / 凄清 (qīqīng)
* 混淆不清
* 清淨守節 / 清净守节
* 清清楚楚 (qīngqīngchǔchǔ)
* 清涼油 / 清凉油
* 清淨無為 / 清净无为
* 清清疏疏
* 清清白白
* 清清秀秀
* 清減 / 清减 (qīngjiǎn)
* 清湯 / 清汤 (qīngtāng)
* 清湛
* 清湯寡水 / 清汤寡水 (qīngtāngguǎshuǐ)
* 清湯寡水兒 / 清汤寡水儿
* 清湯掛麵 / 清汤挂面
* 清渭濁涇 / 清渭浊泾
* 清溪 (Qīngxī)
* 清漣 / 清涟
* 清漆 (qīngqī)
* 清澗 / 清涧
* 清澈 (qīngchè)
* 清潔 / 清洁 (qīngjié)
* 清澂
* 清澄 (qīngchéng)
* 清潤 / 清润
* 清潔劑 / 清洁剂
* 清潔工 / 清洁工 (qīngjiégōng)
* 清潔溜溜 / 清洁溜溜
* 清潔者 / 清洁者
* 清濁 / 清浊 (qīngzhuó)
* 清澹
* 清濁同流 / 清浊同流
* 清火 (qīnghuǒ)
* 清灰冷灶
* 清炒
* 清蒸 (qīngzhēng)
* 清熱 / 清热 (qīngrè)
* 清燉 / 清炖 (qīngdùn)
* 清爽 (qīngshuǎng)
* 清狂
* 清玩
* 清理 (qīnglǐ)
* 清理門戶 / 清理门户
* 清瑩 / 清莹
* 清甜
* 清產核資 / 清产核资
* 清異錄 / 清异录
* 清瘦 (qīngshòu)
* 清癯 (qīngqú)
* 清發 / 清发
* 清白 (qīngbái)
* 清真 (qīngzhēn)
* 清真寺 (qīngzhēnsì)
* 清真教 (Qīngzhēnjiào)
* 清真詞 / 清真词
* 清眼鬼
* 清碧
* 清祀
* 清神
* 清禁
* 清福 (qīngfú)
* 清秀 (qīngxiù)
* 清秋
* 清稿 (qīnggǎo)
* 清稿本
* 清算 (qīngsuàn)
* 清純 / 清纯 (qīngchún)
* 清結 / 清结
* 清綺 / 清绮
* 清績 / 清绩
* 清繳 / 清缴
* 清美
* 清耳悅心 / 清耳悦心
* 清耿耿
* 清聖濁賢 / 清圣浊贤
* 清聖祖 / 清圣祖
* 清聲 / 清声 (qīngshēng)
* 清脆 (qīngcuì)
* 清臞
* 清興 / 清兴 (qīngxìng)
* 清艙 / 清舱
* 清芬
* 清芳 (chheng-phang) (Min Nan)
* 清芬志
* 清苦 (qīngkǔ)
* 清苑 (Qīngyuàn)
* 清茶 (qīngchá)
* 清茶淡話 / 清茶淡话
* 清茶淡飯 / 清茶淡饭
* 清華 / 清华 (Qīnghuá)
* 清華園 / 清华园 (Qīnghuáyuán)
* 清華大學 / 清华大学
* 清裁
* 清要
* 清規 / 清规 (qīngguī)
* 清規戒律 / 清规戒律
* 清言
* 清訖 / 清讫
* 清詞麗句 / 清词丽句
* 清話 / 清话
* 清誨 / 清诲
* 清課 / 清课
* 清談 / 清谈 (qīngtán)
* 清談高論 / 清谈高论
* 清謳微吟 / 清讴微吟
* 清議 / 清议 (qīngyì)
* 清議報 / 清议报
* 清譽 / 清誉 (qīngyù)
* 清貫 / 清贯
* 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín)
* 清貧如洗 / 清贫如洗
* 清貧寡欲 / 清贫寡欲
* 清貴 / 清贵
* 清賬 / 清账
* 清越 (qīngyuè)
* 清趣
* 清蹕 / 清跸
* 清蹕傳道 / 清跸传道
* 清輝 / 清辉
* 清退
* 清通 (qīngtōng)
* 清遊 / 清游
* 清道 (qīngdào)
* 清道夫 (qīngdàofū)
* 清還 / 清还 (qīnghuán)
* 清邁 / 清迈 (Qīngmài)
* 清都
* 清酌 (qīngzhuó)
* 清酒 (qīngjiǔ)
* 清酌庶饈 / 清酌庶馐
* 清醇
* 清醒 (qīngxǐng)
* 清釅 / 清酽
* 清野
* 清鑠 / 清铄
* 清門 / 清门 (qīngmén)
* 清閒 / 清闲 (qīngxián)
* 清閑 / 清闲 (qīngxián)
* 清除 (qīngchú)
* 清雅 (qīngyǎ)
* 清雅絕塵 / 清雅绝尘
* 清霽 / 清霁
* 清靜 / 清静 (qīngjìng)
* 清靜寡欲 / 清静寡欲
* 清靜無為 / 清静无为 (qīngjìngwúwéi)
* 清音 (qīngyīn)
* 清頭 / 清头
* 清顏 / 清颜
* 清顯 / 清显
* 清風 / 清风 (qīngfēng)
* 清風兩袖 / 清风两袖
* 清風勁節 / 清风劲节
* 清風峻節 / 清风峻节
* 清風徐來 / 清风徐来
* 清風明月 / 清风明月
* 清風朗月 / 清风朗月
* 清風高節 / 清风高节
* 清風高誼 / 清风高谊
* 淡飯清茶 / 淡饭清茶
* 清香 (qīngxiāng)
* 清馨 (qīngxīn)
* 清高 (qīnggāo)
* 清高宗
* 清鮮 / 清鲜
* 清麗 / 清丽
* 清麗俊逸 / 清丽俊逸
* 清點 / 清点 (qīngdiǎn)
* 清黨 / 清党 (qīngdǎng)
* 源清流清
* 源清流淨 / 源清流净
* 源清流潔 / 源清流洁
* 滿清 / 满清 (Mǎnqīng)
* 澄清
* 澄清天下
* 澄清湖
* 濁涇清渭 / 浊泾清渭
* 激濁揚清 / 激浊扬清
* 濛昧不清 / 蒙昧不清
* 濯汙揚清 / 濯污扬清
* 熬清守淡
* 牙白口清
* 玉清
* 玉潔冰清 / 玉洁冰清
* 當局者迷，旁觀者清 / 当局者迷，旁观者清 (dāngjúzhě mí, pángguānzhě qīng)
* 百丈清規 / 百丈清规
* 眉清目朗
* 眉清目秀 (méiqīngmùxiù)
* 眉目不清
* 眉目清明
* 砥礪清節 / 砥砺清节
* 碧波爽清
* 碧清 (bìqīng)
* 神智不清
* 神清氣全 / 神清气全
* 神清氣和 / 神清气和
* 神清氣朗 / 神清气朗
* 神清氣正 / 神清气正
* 神清氣爽 / 神清气爽 (shénqīngqìshuǎng)
* 神清骨秀
* 穆如清風 / 穆如清风
* 穆清
* 端本清源
* 糾纏不清 / 纠缠不清
* 維清 / 维清
* 置水之清
* 耳根清淨 / 耳根清净
* 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
* 肺石風清 / 肺石风清
* 自命清高 (zìmìngqīnggāo)
* 華清宮 / 华清宫
* 蛋清 (dànqīng)
* 血清 (xuèqīng)
* 血清病
* 血清療法 / 血清疗法
* 行濁言清 / 行浊言清
* 言清行濁 / 言清行浊
* 詞清訟簡 / 词清讼简
* 說不清 / 说不清 (shuōbùqīng)
* 認清 / 认清 (rènqīng)
* 說清話 / 说清话
* 說清道白 / 说清道白
* 謄清 / 誊清 (téngqīng)
* 貌白神清
* 輕逸 / 轻逸
* 迴清倒影 / 回清倒影
* 釐清 (líqīng)
* 銀河清淺 / 银河清浅
* 門前清 / 门前清 (ménqiánqīng)
* 雙清 / 双清 (shuāngqīng)
* 面目清秀
* 風月清照 / 风月清照
* 風清 / 风清 (fēngqīng)
* 風清弊絕 / 风清弊绝
* 風清月明 / 风清月明
* 風清月朗 / 风清月朗
* 風清月白 / 风清月白
* 風清月皎 / 风清月皎
* 風清氣爽 / 风清气爽
* 高節清風 / 高节清风
* 高譚清論 / 高谭清论
* 鬧不清 / 闹不清
* 黃河清 / 黄河清

#### Descendants

* → English: Ching, Cing, Qing

#### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02224

### Etymology 2

Rebracketing of the reading of Ching, which is a nonstandard romanisation of 師兄 / 师兄 (si$^1$ hing$^1$).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

清
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Synonym of 師兄 / 师兄 (si$^1$ hing$^1$)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 清 |
| Kyūjitai | 淸 |

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 淸)
* clear
* clarity
* refreshing
* clean, pure
* Qing dynasty

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: きよい (kiyoi, 清い, Jōyō)、きよめる (kiyomeru, 清める, Jōyō)、きよまる (kiyomaru, 清まる, Jōyō)、きよらか (kiyoraka, 清らか)、さやか (sayaka, 清か)、すむ (sumu, 清む)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、いさみ (isami)、きよ (kiyo)、きよし (kiyoshi)、さや (saya)、し (shi)、すが (suga)、すがし (sugashi)、すず (suzu)、すみ (sumi)、せ (se)

#### Compounds

* 清浄(しょうじょう) (shōjō)
* 清清(せいせい), 清々(せいせい) (seisei)
* 清朝(せいちょう) (seichō), 清朝(せいちょう)体(たい) (seichōtai)
* 清洒(せいしゃ), 清灑(せいしゃ) (seisha)
* 清酒(せいしゅ) (seishu)
* 清浄(せいじょう) (seijō)
* 清遊(せいゆう), 清游(せいゆう) (seiyū)
* 廓清(かくせい), 郭清(かくせい) (kakusei)
* 双清(そうせい) (sōsei): paintings of daffodils and ume flowers
* 清水(きよみず) (kiyomizu), 清水(しみず) (shimizu)
* 清清(すがすが), 清々(すがすが) (sugasuga)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 清
* しん Grade: 4
* tōon
* Alternative spelling
* 淸 (kyūjitai)
Borrowing from Mandarin Chinese 清 (qīng, literally “bright, clear”).

#### Proper noun

清(しん) • (Shin)
* the Qing dynasty (1616–1912)
* a place name (clarification of this definition is needed)

##### Derived terms

* 清国(しんこく) (Shin-koku)
* 清朝(しんちょう) (Shin-chō)
* 日清(にっしん) (Nisshin)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 清
* せい Grade: 4
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 淸 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 清 (MC tshjeng).

#### Proper noun

清(せい) • (Sei)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 清
* さや Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 淸 (kyūjitai) 明
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Stem of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).
Cognate with 冴える (saeru).

#### Adverb

清(さや) • (saya)
* brightly, clearly, vividly
* cleanly, freshly, purely
* rustlingly

##### Usage notes

* Usually takes the particle に (ni).

##### Derived terms

* さやか (sayaka)

#### Proper noun

清(さや) • (Saya)
* a female given name

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 清
* さやか Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 淸 (kyūjitai)
Nominalization of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).

#### Proper noun

清(さやか) • (Sayaka)
* a female given name

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 清
* きよし Grade: 4
* nanori
* Alternative spelling
* 淸 (kyūjitai)
From classical adjective 清し (kiyoshi), modern 清い (kiyoi, “clear”).

#### Proper noun

清(きよし) • (Kiyoshi)
* a surname
* a unisex given name

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

清 (eumhun 맑을 청 (malgeul cheong))
* Alternative form of 淸

## Kunigami
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: すーらせん (suurasen, 清ーらせん)

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しー (shī)
* Kun: ちゅらさん (churasan, 清らさん)

#### Compounds

* 清(しー)明(みー) (shīmī)

## Tokunoshima
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: きゅらさい (kyurasai, 清らさい)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

清: Hán Nôm readings: thanh, thảnh, thênh, thinh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.