# 恘

| 恘 | U+6058, &#24664; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6058 |
| ← 恗 [U+6057] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恙 → [U+6059] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心人木 (POD), four-corner 9409$_0$, composition ⿰忄休)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10564
* Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6058

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 茠 | *qʰuː |
| 烋 | *qʰruː, *qʰru |
| 恘 | *kʰu |
| 休 | *qʰu |
| 貅 | *qʰu |
| 咻 | *qʰu, *qʰoʔ |
| 庥 | *qʰu |
| 鵂 | *qʰu |
| 髤 | *qʰu |
| 髹 | *qʰu |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiū (qiu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^1$ / cau$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$chieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiu$^1$
*** Yale: chyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
*** Palladius: цю (cju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$ / cau$^4$
*** Yale: yāu / chàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$ / tsau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$ / ceo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chieu
*** MiniDict: chieu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʰʏ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khjuw
Rime :
| Character | 恘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去秋切 |
| Baxter | khjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuw/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiu/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰu/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13918 |
| Phonetic component | 休 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰu/ |
| Notes | 集韻併入袪尤切丘組 |

### Definitions

恘
* (historical dictionaries only) perverse; ruthless; tyrannical
* (Wu) bad; subpar; insidious
       From: 1993, 蘇州方言詞典, page 154
       $^1$chieu-shi$_5$ $^2$lou-kou$_3$ $^1$tou $^1$chieu-gnin$_2$ $^2$ghe-gho$_6$ $^1$tou [Wugniu]
       It's a bad opera that's ridden with banging gongs; it's a bad person who chatters on and on.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 惡 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 壞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 壞, 拐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬, 歹 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 壞, 恘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 毛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 |

### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (粵拼資料庫)
* “恘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–