# pars
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɑːz/
* (General American) IPA: /pɑɹz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)z

### Noun

pars
* plural of par

### Verb

pars
* third-person singular simple present indicative of par.

### Anagrams

* APRs, Arps, PSRA, RAPs, arps, raps, rasp, sapr-, spar

## Danish
### Noun

pars n
* genitive singular definite of par
* genitive plural definite of par

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʁ

### Verb

pars
* inflection of partir:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Ingrian
### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈpɑrs/, [ˈpɑrz̠]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈpɑrs/, [ˈpɑrʒ̥]
* Rhymes: -ɑrs
* Hyphenation: pars

### Noun

pars
* Alternative form of parsi

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 387

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *partis > parts > pars.
Probably from the same root as pār and portiō. This could be the Proto-Indo-European root *perH- or *per- (“sell, exchange”), which also gave the Ancient Greek πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”), and πέρνημι (pérnēmi, “sell”).
Others refer to (the perhaps identical) Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass through”), whence Latin porta, portus, parō, pariō, perīculum, experior, Ancient Greek πέρα (péra), πείρω (peírō), πόρος (póros), Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, to travel”) and *fērō (“danger”), whence English fare and fear, German fahren and Gefahr.
While keeping the separate root Proto-Indo-European *sperH-, that could also explain Latin parcus, parcō, Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós), English spare.
According to Michiel De Vaan's Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (2008), probably from the same root as pariō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /pars/, [pärs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /pars/, [pärs]

### Noun

pars f (genitive partis); third declension
* a part, portion, piece, share
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:Ultimas oppidi partes [...] petiverunt, parsque ibi, cum angusto exitu portarum se ipsi premerent, a militibus, pars iam egressa portis ab equitibus est interfectaThey rushed into the utmost parts of the town, and a part was slain by the infantry when they were crowding upon each other in the narrow passage of the gates, and the part that exited from the gates, was massacred by the cavalry
* (correlative) pars ... pars ..., some ... others ...
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.423–425:Īnstant ārdentēs, Tyriī: pars dūcere mūrōs, mōlīrīque arcem, et manibus subvolvere saxa; pars optāre locum tēctō et conclūdere sulcō.They press on with such eager haste, [these people] of Tyre: some [builders work] to extend the walls, and to construct the citadel, and to overturn stones with their hands; others [labor] to select a site for a dwelling and to mark it with a furrow.
    Synonym: partim
* (usually in the plural) a party, fraction, side
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.15:Quod prope ex omnibus partibus flumine et palude circumdataBecause enclosed almost on every side by a river and a marsh
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:Ut si qua ex parteIn order that if on any side
* (theater, in the plural) a part, character
** a part, function, office, duty
* a lot, portion, fate
* a portion or share of food
* a task, lesson
* a part, place, region of the earth
* (mathematics) a part, fraction
* a part of a body, a member
* (politics, usually in the plural) a party
* a direction
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico I.40:aut quam in partem auteither in which direction or

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

#### Derived terms

* a parte
* ex parte
* expers
* partiārius
* particula
* partim
* partiō
* praecipua pars f (New Latin, grammar)

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: parti, parte
* Catalan: part
* Dalmatian: puart
* Old French: part
** French: part
** → English: part (partly; also from Old English)
** → English: parse (from the Old French plural pars)
* Friulian: part
* Galician: parte
* Irish: páirt
* Italian: parte
* Ladin: part, pert
* Megleno-Romanian: parti
* Occitan: part
* Portuguese: parte
* Romanian: parte
* Romansch: part
* Sardinian: parti, parte, palte
* Sicilian: parti
* Spanish: parte
* Swedish: part
* Venetan: part, parte
* → Dutch: part
* →⇒ English: pars recta
* → Old English: part
** English: part (partly; also from Old French)
* → Welsh: parth

### References

* “pars”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pars”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "pars", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* pars in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a zone: orbis, pars (terrae), cingulus eastern, western Germany: Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit the most distant countries, the world's end: extremae terrae partes in an opposite direction: in contrarium; in contrarias partes in all directions: quoquo versus; in omnes partes they disperse in different directions: in diversas partes or simply diversi abeunt, discedunt to gaze intently all around: in omnes partes aciem (oculorum) intendere the species is subordinate the genus: partes generibus subiectae sunt to discuss both sides of a question: in utramque partem, in contrarias partes disputare (De Or. 1. 34) to say nothing either for or against an argument: in nullam partem disputare to play the part of some one: partes agere alicuius the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid to possess not the least spark of feeling: nullam partem sensus habere to fulfil one's duty in every detail: omnes officii partes exsequi to fulfil one's duty in every detail: nullam officii partem deserere a party; faction: partes (usually of plebeians) party-spirit: partium studium, also simply studia to be a strong partisan: partium studiosum esse party-strife: certamen partium party-strife: contentio partium (Phil. 5. 12. 32) to be torn by faction: partium studiis divisum esse to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of..: alicuius partes (causam) or simply aliquem sequi to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of..: alicuius partibus studere to be neutral: in neutris partibus esse to be neutral: neutram partem sequi an independent spirit: a partibus rei publicae animus liber (Sall. Cat. 4. 2) to divide into two factions: in duas partes discedere (Sall. Iug. 13. 1) the majority: maior pars (ambiguous) as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte (ambiguous) as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.) (ambiguous) from every point of view; looked at in every light: omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus (ambiguous) to a certain extent: aliqua ex parte (ambiguous) to be neutral: nullius or neutrius (of two) partis esse

## Swedish
### Noun

pars
* indefinite genitive singular of par
* indefinite genitive plural of par

### Anagrams

* SPAR, raps, spar

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bars (“leopard, large feline”).
Related to Proto-Mongolic *bars, whence also Mongolian бар (bar), Dongxiang basi. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pars (definite accusative parsı, plural parslar)
* leopard, panther
    Synonyms: leopar, panter, pelenk