# 穜

| 穜 | U+7A5C, &#31324; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A5C |
| ← 穛 [U+7A5B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穝 → [U+7A5D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

穜 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜廿土 (HDYTG), four-corner 2091$_4$, composition ⿰禾童)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 860, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25307
* Dae Jaweon: page 1286, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2633, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7A5C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 穜 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ, *doŋ): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒŋ¹³/
* Middle Chinese: duwng, drjowng
Rime :
| Character | 穜 | 穜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 | 直容切 |
| Baxter | duwng | drjowng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ | /ɖɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ | /ɖioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ | /ȡioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ | /ɖuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ | /ȡioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ | /ȡĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ | /ȡʱi̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng | chóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ | cung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/, /*doŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 穜 | 穜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17448 | 17460 |
| Phonetic component | 重 | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 | 重 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ | /*doŋ/ |

#### Definitions

穜
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) early-planted late-ripening grain
    Antonym: 稑 (lù)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 穜 – see 種 (“seed; kernel; cereal; clan; ethnic group; ethnicity; race; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 種).

### References

* “穜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “穜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 311.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* rice

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、ず (zu)、しょう (shō)、しゅ (shu)
* Kun: おくて (okute)

## Korean
### Hanja

穜 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong)
* 늦벼: late crop