# 士

| 士 | U+58EB, &#22763; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EB |
| ← 壪 [U+58EA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壬 → [U+58EC] |
| ⼠ | U+2F20, &#12064; KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR |
| ← ⼟ [U+2F1F] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼡ → [U+2F21] |

## Translingual
### Han character

士 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 4010$_0$, composition ⿱十一)
* Kangxi radical #33, ⼠.
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №9

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/士
* 仕, 𫸑, 𢩿, 𬚯, 𥾘, 𧺑, 𬐂, 𪐢, 𫣸, 𤴶, 㐊, 吉, 志, 毐, 𰧭, 𥑟, 悫, 槖, 賣, 𧶠, 蠧, 𡆮, 𣪊, 𥒃

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 242, character 38
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
* Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 416, character 1
* Unihan data for U+58EB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 士 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 茌 | *zrɯ |
| 士 | *zrɯʔ |
| 仕 | *zrɯʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a war axe. Later, it took the meaning of "soldier" and eventually "officer, intellectual". Partly related to 王 since in at least two characters it should represent a ritual axe, perhaps made of jade: in fact, it is related to 圭 and 金 despite their appearance.

### Etymology 1
#### "bachelor, man, male"

   * Reminiscent of Austroasiatic synonyms like Old Khmer si (“male”) or MK words for "man, male" like *ʔŋsiil, *ensir, *kəsəy on the Malay Peninsula; Schuessler (2007) noted that foreign *-r sometimes left traces in OC initial complex. These relations, if, valid, would keep 士$_1$ "bachelor, man, male" distinct from 士$_2$ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar".

#### "take or give an office, serve", "servant", "retainer", "officer", "scholar"

   * Schuessler (2007) noted that one could naturally assume the semantic development "male > man > servant > to serve" in order to posit that 士$_1$ "bachelor, man, male" is the same word as 士$_2$ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar". Yet, the exopassive derivation 事 (OC *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs) "assignment, affair, thing" and Tibeto-Burman counterparts demonstrated no association with "man, maleness"; & "male" hardly derives from "to serve".
   * Therefore, Schuessler derived these forms from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "envoy, jail official, matchmaker" & proposed ultimate Austroasiatic origins. In terms of phonology, MC *dʐ- normally does not occur with *l- and *ʂ in an ST word-family, apparently confirming a non-ST provenance; however, MC *dʐ- here could go back to OC *s-r- (unlike MC *ʂ-, which is from OC *sr)
   * Subsequenly, Schuessler posited either relation to Austroasiatic or OC loan into Tibeto-Burman as Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ-dzəj (“send on an errant”) (Matisoff, 2003), whence Burmese စာ (ca, “thing”) & Tibetan རྫས (rdzas, “thing, matter, object”) (Gong, 1999). Even so, Tibeto-Burman cognates of this etymon and 所 (suǒ) are difficult to distinguish.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shì (shi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): si$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): si$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): si$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): si$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): sū
* Eastern Min (BUC): sê̤ṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sū / sǐr / sǐ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): se$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$
*** Yale: shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^6$
*** Yale: sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /si³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬu³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: si$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sū
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /søy²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
*** Tâi-lô: sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: su
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐr
*** Tâi-lô: sǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
*** Tâi-lô: sǐ
*** IPA (Philippines): /si³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: se$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /sɯ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sr$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit士 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂʐ̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /sz̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /sz̩³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sz̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /sz̩²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /sz̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /sz̩⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /sz̩³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /sz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zz̩²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zz̩³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zz̩¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zz̩³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /sz̩²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /sz̩¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sz̩²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sï⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /si²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sz̩²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /si²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /su²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /søy²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /su⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sɯ³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /si³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzriX
Rime :
| Character | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 鉏里切 |
| Baxter | dzriX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzri$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m-s-]rəʔ/ |
| English | officer; gentleman |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11511 |
| Phonetic component | 士 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 士 |
| Old Chinese | /*zrɯʔ/ |

#### Definitions

士
* (obsolete) unmarried male; bachelor
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qiú wǒ shù shì, dài qí jí xī. [Pinyin]
    For those many bachelors who seek me, now is favorably timely.
* (obsolete, honorific) man
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Nǚ yuē: “Jīmíng.” Shì yuē: “Mèidàn.” [Pinyin]
    I the wife say: "It is the cock-crow." Ye the husband say: "It is grey-dawn."
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Shì wèi zhījǐzhě sǐ, nǚ wèi yuèjǐzhě róng. [Pinyin]
    A man will die for one who understands him, a lady will adorn herself for one who loves her.
* (obsolete) general; high-ranking military officer
* (obsolete) soldier; noncommissioned officer
    士兵 ― shìbīng ― soldier
* (historical) scholar-official (civil servant appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance)
* (historical) self-appellation used by scholar-officials in ancient China, when addressing the emperor: I; subject
* (historical) a social stratum in ancient China
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wú héngchǎn ér yǒu héngxīn zhě, wéi shì wéi néng. Ruò mín, zé wú héngchǎn, yīn wú héngxīn. [Pinyin]
    They are only men of education (i.e., the shi), who, without a certain livelihood, are able to maintain a fixed heart. As to the people (i.e. lower commoners), if they have not a certain livelihood, it follows that they will not have a fixed heart.
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Shì guì ěr, wángzhě bù guì. [Pinyin]
    It is the shi that is noble, not the king.
    From: 1903. Zou Rong, The Revolutionary Army
    Mín zhī yú, bù xué éryǐ; shì zhī yú, zé xué fēi suǒ xué ér yì yú. [Pinyin]
    The uneducated commoners are ignorant simply because they do not study. The shi studies what is not worth studying, thus he becomes even more stupid.
* scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
    博士 ― bóshì ― doctor; doctoral degree
    院士 ― yuànshì ― academician
    居士 ― jūshì ― lay Buddhist or retired scholar
* (honorific, obsolete) suffix for a virtuous, knowledgeable or skilled person: commendable person
    女士 ― nǚshì ― Lady
    護士／护士 ― hùshì ― nurse
    人士 ― rénshì ― public figure
    助產士／助产士 ― zhùchǎnshì ― midwife
* (xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩨 (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 仕 (shì, “to be an official”)
* a surname

##### Usage notes

* 士 is commonly used to render the /s/ sound (not followed by a vowel) in foreign names, e.g. 威士忌 (wēishìjì, “whiskey”), 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”), which is from Cantonese usage.

##### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese chess pieces) 帥 / 帅 (shuài) / 將 / 将 (jiàng), 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥 / 伡 / 車 / 车 (jū), 傌 / 㐷 / 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲 / 炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒 (zú)

#### Compounds

* 下士 (xiàshì)
* 上士 (shàngshì)
* 不櫛進士 / 不栉进士
* 丟士 / 丢士
* 中士 (zhōngshì)
* 乩士
* 五經博士 / 五经博士
* 人士 (rénshì)
* 仁人志士 (rénrénzhìshì)
* 介士
* 令士
* 代議士 / 代议士 (dàiyìshì)
* 任士
* 休士頓市 / 休士顿市
* 佳士 (jiāshì)
* 俊士
* 俠士 / 侠士 (xiáshì)
* 便士 (biànshì)
* 信士 (xìnshì)
* 俗士
* 修士 (xiūshì)
* 傳教士 / 传教士 (chuánjiàoshì)
* 傲賢慢士 / 傲贤慢士
* 儒士 (rúshì)
* 元士
* 充員戰士 / 充员战士
* 八百壯士 / 八百壮士
* 六一居士
* 公士
* 兵士 (bīngshì)
* 凡士林 (fánshìlín)
* 列士
* 劍士 / 剑士 (jiànshì)
* 力士 (lìshì)
* 助產士 / 助产士 (zhùchǎnshì)
* 勇士 (yǒngshì)
* 勁士 / 劲士
* 募士
* 北門學士 / 北门学士
* 博士 (bóshì)
* 博士學位 / 博士学位 (bóshì xuéwèi)
* 博士弟子
* 博士買驢 / 博士买驴 (bóshìmǎilǘ)
* 卿士
* 反共義士 / 反共义士 (fǎngòng yìshì)
* 取士 (qǔshì)
* 司士
* 名人達士 / 名人达士
* 名士 (míngshì)
* 吉士 (jíshì)
* 吏士
* 名士派
* 名士風流 / 名士风流
* 各界人士 (gèjiè rénshì)
* 哈士蟆
* 善士 (shànshì)
* 善心人士 (shànxīn rénshì)
* 四進士 / 四进士
* 國士 / 国士 (guóshì)
* 國士無雙 / 国士无双 (guóshìwúshuāng)
* 國家博士 / 国家博士
* 圓桌武士 / 圆桌武士
* 圓通大士 / 圆通大士
* 土博士
* 地方人士 (dìfāng rénshì)
* 士人 (shìrén)
* 士伍
* 士兵 (shìbīng)
* 士卒 (shìzú)
* 士可殺不可辱 / 士可杀不可辱 (shì kě shā bùkě rǔ)
* 士君子
* 士大夫 (shìdàfū)
* 士大夫畫 / 士大夫画
* 士夫
* 士女 (shìnǚ)
* 士子 (shìzǐ)
* 士官 (shìguān)
* 士巴拿
* 士庶
* 士戶 / 士户
* 士敏土 (shìmǐntǔ)
* 士族 (shìzú)
* 士林 (shìlín)
* 士民 (shìmín)
* 士氣 / 士气 (shìqì)
* 士為知己者死 / 士为知己者死 (shì wèi zhījǐ zhě sǐ)
* 士紳 / 士绅 (shìshēn)
* 士農工商 / 士农工商 (shìnónggōngshāng)
* 士類 / 士类
* 士飽馬騰 / 士饱马腾
* 壯士 / 壮士 (zhuàngshì)
* 壯士斷腕 / 壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
* 壯士解腕 / 壮士解腕
* 多士 (duōshì)
* 夜士
* 大力士 (dàlìshì)
* 大士 (dàshì)
* 大學士 / 大学士 (dàxuéshì)
* 大流士 (Dàliúshì)
* 大馬士革 / 大马士革 (Dàmǎshìgé)
* 太常博士
* 奇人異士 / 奇人异士
* 女修士
* 女博士
* 女士 (nǚshì)
* 女學士 / 女学士
* 好賢禮士 / 好贤礼士 (hàoxiánlǐshì)
* 威士忌 (wēishìjì)
* 學士 / 学士 (xuéshì)
* 學士服 / 学士服
* 寒士 (hánshì)
* 富士山 (Fùshìshān)
* 將士 / 将士 (jiàngshì)
* 將士用命 / 将士用命
* 居士 (jūshì)
* 居士屩 / 居士𪨗
* 屈身下士
* 巖穴之士 / 岩穴之士
* 巴士 (bāshì)
* 巴士底日 (Bāshìdǐ Rì)
* 巴士海峽 / 巴士海峡 (Bāshì Hǎixiá)
* 幕士
* 廉士
* 弓矛之士
* 弼士
* 彥士 / 彦士
* 德士 (déshì)
* 徵士 / 征士
* 志士 (zhìshì)
* 志士仁人 (zhìshìrénrén)
* 志能之士
* 忠臣烈士
* 忠臣義士 / 忠臣义士
* 恆士 / 恒士
* 恭士
* 愛人好士 / 爱人好士
* 愛才好士 / 爱才好士
* 愨士 / 悫士
* 慶士 / 庆士
* 戰士 / 战士 (zhànshì)
* 才士
* 扛鼎士
* 技士 (jìshì)
* 折節下士 / 折节下士
* 折節待士 / 折节待士
* 折節禮士 / 折节礼士
* 拂士 (bìshì)
* 招賢下士 / 招贤下士
* 招賢納士 / 招贤纳士 (zhāoxiánnàshì)
* 推賢下士 / 推贤下士
* 推賢進士 / 推贤进士
* 教士 (jiàoshì)
* 敢死士
* 敬賢禮士 / 敬贤礼士 (jìngxiánlǐshì)
* 文人雅士
* 文士 (wénshì)
* 文房四士
* 斗方名士
* 斗酒學士
* 斯芬克士
* 新爵士樂 / 新爵士乐
* 方士 (fāngshì)
* 方外之士
* 昆士蘭 / 昆士兰 (Kūnshìlán)
* 星士 (xīngshì)
* 智士 (zhìshì)
* 普魯士 / 普鲁士 (Pǔlǔshì)
* 普魯士藍 / 普鲁士蓝 (pǔlǔshìlán)
* 曠士 / 旷士
* 曲士
* 有志之士 (yǒuzhìzhīshì)
* 有識之士 / 有识之士 (yǒushízhīshì)
* 朝士
* 東坡居士 / 东坡居士
* 椎牛饗士 / 椎牛飨士
* 橫行介士 / 横行介士
* 欽賢好士 / 钦贤好士
* 武士 (wǔshì)
* 武士刀 (wǔshìdāo)
* 武士道 (wǔshìdào)
* 武進士 / 武进士
* 死士 (sǐshì)
* 母語人士 / 母语人士 (mǔyǔ rénshì)
* 求賢下士 / 求贤下士
* 求賢用士 / 求贤用士
* 江湖術士 / 江湖术士
* 沙士 (shāshì)
* 波士尼亞 / 波士尼亚 (Bōshìníyà)
* 波士頓 / 波士顿 (Bōshìdùn)
* 法家拂士
* 泰晤士報 / 泰晤士报 (Tàiwùshì Bào)
* 泰晤士河 (Tàiwùshì Hé)
* 浪士
* 浮士德 (Fúshìdé)
* 清士 (qīngshì)
* 游士
* 湖海之士
* 濟濟多士 / 济济多士
* 火居道士
* 烈士 (lièshì)
* 烈士徇名
* 焦面大士
* 熊羆之士 / 熊罴之士
* 熊虎之士
* 爪士
* 爪牙之士
* 爵士 (juéshì)
* 爵士樂 / 爵士乐 (juéshìyuè)
* 爵士舞 (juéshìwǔ)
* 特別護士 / 特别护士
* 狂士
* 猛士 (měngshì)
* 瑞士 (Ruìshì)
* 瑞士聯邦 / 瑞士联邦 (Ruìshì Liánbāng)
* 甲士 (jiǎshì)
* 男士 (nánshì)
* 異士奇人 / 异士奇人
* 白士 (báishì)
* 白衣大士
* 白衣秀士
* 百金之士
* 的士
* 皮相士
* 相士
* 知人下士
* 碩士 / 硕士 (shuòshì)
* 磨博士
* 禮士親賢 / 礼士亲贤
* 禮賢下士 / 礼贤下士 (lǐxiánxiàshì)
* 禮賢好士 / 礼贤好士
* 禮賢接士 / 礼贤接士
* 秀士
* 秋士
* 空中巴士 (Kōngzhōng Bāshì)
* 窮巷士 / 穷巷士
* 端人正士
* 策士 (cèshì)
* 節士 / 节士
* 算博士
* 素士
* 納士招賢 / 纳士招贤
* 紳士 / 绅士 (shēnshì)
* 細士 / 细士
* 紳士協定 / 绅士协定
* 繩樞之士 / 绳枢之士
* 義士 / 义士 (yìshì)
* 羽士
* 耿介之士
* 能士
* 自由鬥士 / 自由斗士 (zìyóu dòushì)
* 舌辯之士 / 舌辩之士
* 良士 (liángshì)
* 花博士
* 茅山道士
* 茶博士
* 華萊士 / 华莱士 (Huáláishì)
* 蓬戶士 / 蓬户士
* 蘇伊士 / 苏伊士 (Sūyīshì)
* 蘇黎士 / 苏黎士 (Sūlíshì)
* 虎士
* 虐士
* 處士 / 处士 (chǔshì)
* 虛士 / 虚士
* 衒士
* 術士 / 术士 (shùshì)
* 衛士 / 卫士 (wèishì)
* 衛道之士 / 卫道之士 (wèidàozhīshì)
* 觀音大士 / 观音大士 (Guānyīn Dàshì)
* 解甲休士
* 說士 / 说士
* 誼士 / 谊士
* 謀士 / 谋士 (móushì)
* 謙以下士 / 谦以下士
* 謙恭下士 / 谦恭下士
* 謙謙下士 / 谦谦下士
* 謙遜下士 / 谦逊下士
* 護士 / 护士 (hùshì)
* 護士節 / 护士节
* 護士長 / 护士长 (hùshìzhǎng)
* 豪士
* 貞士 / 贞士 (zhēnshì)
* 貢士 / 贡士 (gòngshì)
* 貧士 / 贫士
* 賓士 / 宾士
* 賢士 / 贤士 (xiánshì)
* 起士 (qǐshì)
* 超博士
* 身先士卒 (shēnxiānshìzú)
* 身先士眾 / 身先士众
* 躬先士卒
* 車士 / 车士
* 軍士 / 军士 (jūnshì)
* 輕財好士 / 轻财好士
* 輕財敬士 / 轻财敬士
* 輕財重士 / 轻财重士
* 輕賢慢士 / 轻贤慢士
* 輕車介士 / 轻车介士
* 辟人之士
* 辯士 / 辩士 (biànshì)
* 造士
* 逢掖之士
* 進士 / 进士 (jìnshì)
* 進士出身 / 进士出身 (jìnshì chūshēn)
* 進士及第 / 进士及第 (jìnshì jídì)
* 達士 / 达士
* 道士 (dàoshì)
* 達士通人 / 达士通人
* 選士 / 选士
* 選士厲兵 / 选士厉兵
* 邦士
* 都人士
* 酒博士
* 野雞巴士 / 野鸡巴士
* 銳士 / 锐士
* 鍊氣士 / 炼气士
* 鐵甲武士 / 铁甲武士
* 門下士 / 门下士
* 開士 / 开士 (kāishì)
* 開科取士 / 开科取士 (kāikēqǔshì)
* 闡士 / 阐士
* 院士 (yuànshì)
* 陰丹士林 / 阴丹士林 (yīndānshìlín)
* 陪士特
* 隱士 / 隐士 (yǐnshì)
* 雅士 (yǎshì)
* 雙層巴士 / 双层巴士 (shuāngcéng bāshì)
* 青蓮居士 / 青莲居士
* 青雲之士 / 青云之士
* 非母語人士 / 非母语人士 (fēi-mǔyǔ rénshì)
* 顯士 / 显士
* 飽學之士 / 饱学之士 (bǎoxuézhīshì)
* 養賢納士 / 养贤纳士
* 餒士 / 馁士
* 香山居士
* 馬士河 / 马士河
* 騎士 / 骑士
* 騎士教育 / 骑士教育
* 高人勝士 / 高人胜士
* 高人逸士
* 高士 (gāoshì)
* 高層人士 / 高层人士
* 髦士
* 鬥士 / 斗士 (dòushì)
* 鬥牛士 / 斗牛士 (dòuniúshì)
* 魁士
* 鶴鳴之士 / 鹤鸣之士
* 麴道士 / 曲道士

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 士(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(士) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: sĩ (士)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^6$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^6$
*** Yale: sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²²/

#### Definitions

士
* (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low la (6̣).
    Synonym: 四 (sì) (Kunqu)

#### Derived terms

* 仕 (si$^6$) (Cantonese)

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 士 – see 土 (“earth; soil; dust; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 土).

### References

* “士”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00831
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00740-002

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji)
* Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kun: さむらい (samurai, 士)、つかさ (tsukasa)
* Nanori: ひと (hito)

#### Compounds

* 会(かい)計(けい)士(し) (kaikeishi)
* 騎(き)士(し) (kishi): knight
* 士(し)卒(そつ) (shisotsu): officers and soldiers, soldiers
* 戦(せん)士(し) (senshi): soldier, warrior
* 博(はか)士(せ) (hakase): doctor (degree)
* 武(ぶ)士(し) (bushi)
* 学(がく)士(し) (gakushi): a graduate (from a university)
* Kanji in this term
* 士
* し Grade: 5
* on'yomi

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) し [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕi]

#### Noun

士(し) • (shi)
* samurai, warrior

#### Suffix

士(し) • (-shi)
* person with a certain qualification.
    弁護(べんご)士(し)
       bengoshi
       a lawyer
    会計(かいけい)士(し)
       kaikeishi
       an accountant

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 士
* さむらい Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 士 – see the following entry. :
| 【侍さむらい】S | [noun] (historical) a warrior class in medieval and pre-modern Japan; samurai [noun] one who serves nearby: [noun] a servant [noun] a retainer [noun] Short for 侍所 (samurai-dokoro): the Board of Retainers in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. [noun] an above-average person |
(This term, 士, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 士 (MC dzriX).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄊᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: ssǒ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ〮 (só) (Yale: só) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 士 (eumhun 선비 사 (seonbi sa))
* hanja form of 사 (“scholar; gentleman; soldier”)

#### Compounds

* 군사 (軍士, gunsa, “soldier”)
* 박사 (博士, baksa, “doctor”)
* 변호사 (辯護士, byeonhosa, “lawyer”)
* 석사 (碩士, seoksa, “master's degree”)
* 전사 (戰士, jeonsa, “warrior”)
* 조종사 (操縱士, jojongsa, “pilot”)
* 최면술사 (催眠術士, choemyeonsulsa, “hypnotist”)
* 통역사 (通譯士, tong'yeoksa, “interpreter”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

士: Hán Nôm readings: sĩ, sỹ
* chữ Hán form of sĩ (“scholar; soldier”).

#### Compounds

* 上士 (thượng sĩ)
* 下士 (hạ sĩ)
* 中士 (trung sĩ)
* 俠士 (hiệp sĩ)
* 修士 (tu sĩ)
* 兵士 (binh sĩ)
* 力士 (lực sĩ)
* 勇士 (dũng sĩ)
* 博士 (bác sĩ)
* 士子 (sĩ tử)
* 士官 (sĩ quan)
* 士數 (sĩ số)
* 士面 (sĩ diện)
* 壯士 (tráng sĩ)
* 將士 (tướng sĩ)
* 戰士 (chiến sĩ)
* 文士 (văn sĩ)
* 樂士 (nhạc sĩ)
* 歌士 (ca sĩ)
* 武士 (võ sĩ)
* 烈士 (liệt sĩ)
* 牙士 (nha sĩ)
* 畫士 (họa sĩ/hoạ sĩ)
* 碩士 (thạc sĩ)
* 藝士 (nghệ sĩ)
* 藥士 (dược sĩ)
* 衛士 (vệ sĩ)
* 詩士 (thi sĩ)
* 謀士 (mưu sĩ)
* 議士 (nghị sĩ)
* 軍士 (quân sĩ)
* 進士 (tiến sĩ)
* 道士 (đạo sĩ)
* 醫士 (y sĩ)
* 院士 (viện sĩ)
* 騎士 (kị sĩ)

#### References

* Nom Foundation