# 杭

| 杭 | U+676D, &#26477; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-676D |
| ← 杬 [U+676C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 杮 → [U+676E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

杭 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木卜竹弓 (DYHN), four-corner 4091$_7$, composition ⿰木亢)

#### Derived characters

* 𠵉, 𫙤, 𰱓, 𥮕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 513, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14494
* Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1174, character 3
* Unihan data for U+676D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 笐 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs |
| 亢 | *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs |
| 牨 | *kaːŋ |
| 苀 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 魧 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 迒 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 邟 | *kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 忼 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ |
| 骯 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ |
| 抗 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 炕 | *kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ |
| 伉 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 閌 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 犺 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 蚢 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
| 砊 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
| 阬 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
| 頏 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 航 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 杭 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 沆 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
| 肮 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 吭 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs |
| 秔 | *kraːŋ |
| 坑 | *kʰraːŋ |
| 劥 | *kʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).
Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): háng (hang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hòng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hâng / hông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hang$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ghaon / $^2$ghan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: háng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: háng
*** Wade–Giles: hang$^2$
*** Yale: háng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
*** Palladius: хан (xan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hong$^4$
*** Yale: hòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: hong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hòng
*** Sinological IPA : /houŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng
*** Tâi-lô: hâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /haŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
*** Tâi-lô: hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghaon
*** MiniDict: ghaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ghan
*** MiniDict: ghan$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦɑŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: hang
Rime :
| Character | 杭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡郎切 |
| Baxter | hang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | háng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]-[ɡ]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 杭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | háng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m]-[ɡ]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | to go by boat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7383 |
| Phonetic component | 亢 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 航 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

杭
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Shéi wèi Hé guǎng, yī wěi háng zhī. [Pinyin]
    Who says that the He is wide? With [a bundle of] reeds I can cross it.
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”)
* (dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden
* Short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”).
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 上有天堂，下有蘇杭 / 上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
* 杭剪
* 杭子
* 杭州 (Hángzhōu)
* 杭愛山 / 杭爱山 (Háng'àishān)
* 杭桂 (Hángguì)
* 杭筏
* 杭紗 / 杭纱
* 杭紬 / 杭绸
* 杭絕 / 杭绝
* 杭菊
* 杭蓋 / 杭盖 (Hánggài)
* 杭越
* 榔杭
* 餘杭 / 余杭 (Yúháng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāng (kang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kang
*** Wade–Giles: kʻang$^1$
*** Yale: kāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
*** Palladius: кан (kan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

杭
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”)
    杭莊／杭庄 ― kāngzhuāng ― broad road

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kàng (kang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻang$^4$
*** Yale: kàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
*** Palladius: кан (kan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

杭
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”)

### Pronunciation 4

* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghaon
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghaon
*** MiniDict: ghaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²³/

#### Definitions

杭
* (Northern Wu) Alternative form of 行 (“to endure; to bear; to shoulder”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* stake, picket
* stump

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごう (gō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: くい (kui, 杭)、わたる (wataru, 杭る)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 杭
* くい Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 杭 – see the following entry. :
| 【くい】 | [noun] stake, pile, post Alternative spellings 杙, 株 |
(This term, 杭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 杭
* くいぜ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 杭 – see the following entry. :
| 【くいぜ】 | [noun] stump Alternative spellings 杙, 株 |
(This term, 杭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tày
### Noun

杭 (transliteration needed)
* Nôm form of kháng (“ginger, galangal”).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

杭: Hán Nôm readings: cáng, hàng, khiêng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.