# 歎

| 歎 | U+6B4E, &#27470; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B4E |
| ← 歍 [U+6B4D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 歏 → [U+6B4F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

歎 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿人弓人 (TONO), four-corner 4758$_2$, composition ⿰𦰩欠)

#### Derived characters

* 擹, 𤁤, 𣋸, 𣞔, 𪇽

#### Related characters

* 叹 (Simplified Chinese)
* 嘆 (Variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 571, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16182
* Dae Jaweon: page 959, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2149, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6B4E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 歎
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 儺 | *naːl |
| 臡 | *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl |
| 嘆 | *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns |
| 灘 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 擹 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 攤 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns |
| 癱 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 歎 | *n̥ʰaːns |
| 難 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns |
| 暵 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 熯 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ |
| 漢 | *hnaːns |
| 戁 | *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tàn (tan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taan$^3$
*** Yale: taan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːn³³/
* Middle Chinese: thanH
Rime :
| Character | 歎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 他旦切 |
| Baxter | thanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 歎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ than › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ˁar/ |
| English | to sigh |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 歎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4896 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 炭 |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ʰaːns/ |

### Definitions

歎
* Alternative form of 嘆 (tàn, “to sigh; to chant; to praise”)
* one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty
* a surname

#### Hypernyms

* (literary genre): 文體／文体 (wéntǐ)

#### Coordinate terms

* 吟 (yín)
* 咏 (yǒng)
* 引 (yǐn)
* 怨 (yuàn)
* 操
* 文
* 曲
* 歌 (gē)
* 箴 (zhēn)
* 篇 (piān)
* 行
* 詞 / 词 (cí)
* 誄 / 诔 (lěi)
* 詩 / 诗 (shī)
* 調 / 调
* 謠 / 谣 (yáo)
* 謳 / 讴 (ōu)
* 賦 / 赋 (fù)
* 贊 / 赞 (zàn)
* 銘 / 铭 (míng)
* 章 (zhāng)
* 頌 / 颂
* 題 / 题

### Compounds

* 一倡三歎 / 一倡三叹
* 一唱三歎 / 一唱三叹 (yīchàngsāntàn)
* 三歎 / 三叹
* 九歎 / 九叹
* 仰天長歎 / 仰天长叹
* 仰屋竊歎 / 仰屋窃叹
* 北門之歎 / 北门之叹
* 可歎 / 可叹 (kětàn)
* 哀歎 / 哀叹 (āitàn)
* 咳聲歎氣 / 咳声叹气
* 唉聲歎氣 / 唉声叹气 (āishēngtànqì)
* 嗐聲歎氣 / 嗐声叹气
* 廢書而歎 / 废书而叹
* 怨歎 / 怨叹
* 悔毒之歎 / 悔毒之叹
* 悲歎 / 悲叹 (bēitàn)
* 慨歎 / 慨叹 (kǎitàn)
* 拍膝嗟歎 / 拍膝嗟叹
* 擊節歎賞 / 击节叹赏
* 望洋興歎 / 望洋兴叹 (wàngyángxīngtàn)
* 歎傷 / 叹伤
* 歎吁
* 歎喟 / 叹喟
* 歎嗟 / 叹嗟
* 歎息 / 叹息 (tànxī)
* 歎恨 / 叹恨
* 歎惋 / 叹惋 (tànwǎn)
* 歎惜 / 叹惜 (tànxī)
* 歎服 / 叹服 (tànfú)
* 歎氣 / 叹气 (tànqì)
* 歎為觀止 / 叹为观止 (tànwéiguānzhǐ)
* 歎皇陵 / 叹皇陵
* 歎美 / 叹美 (tànměi)
* 歎羨 / 叹羡
* 歎老嗟卑 / 叹老嗟卑
* 歎賞 / 叹赏 (tànshǎng)
* 浩歎 / 浩叹
* 牛山歎 / 牛山叹
* 白頭之歎 / 白头之叹
* 自怨自歎 / 自怨自叹
* 詠歎 / 咏叹 (yǒngtàn)
* 讚歎 / 赞叹 (zàntàn)
* 蹙眉長歎 / 蹙眉长叹
* 金聖歎 / 金圣叹
* 驚歎 / 惊叹 (jīngtàn)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| 歎󠄂 歎+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| Kyūjitai | 歎 |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)
* Kun: なげく (nageku, 歎く)

#### Compounds

* 悲(ひ)歎(たん) (hitan)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 歎
* たん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 歎 – see the following entry. :
| 【嘆たん】S | [noun] sigh |
(This term, 歎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 嘆

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 歎 (MC thanH).

### Hanja

Wikisource 歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
* hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)

#### Compounds

* 감탄 (感歎, gamtan)
* 개탄 (慨歎, gaetan)
* 비탄 (悲歎, bitan)
* 애탄 (哀歎, aetan)
* 자탄 (自歎, jatan)
* 탄성 (歎聲, tanseong)
* 탄식 (歎息, tansik)
* 탄원 (歎願, tanwon)
* 한탄 (恨歎, hantan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

歎: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết))
歎: Nôm readings: than, thăn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).