# 桂

| 桂 | U+6842, &#26690; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6842 |
| ← 桁 [U+6841] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桃 → [U+6843] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桂 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木土土 (DGG), four-corner 4491$_4$, composition ⿰木圭)

#### Derived characters

* 𠺺, 溎, 𥉯, 蓕, 𭵣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14755
* Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1193, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6842

## Chinese

* 桂 (Cantonese)
* 桂 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 街 | *kreː, *kreː |
| 鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
| 娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
| 佳 | *kreː |
| 鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 啀 | *ŋreː |
| 厓 | *ŋreː |
| 捱 | *ŋreː |
| 睚 | *ŋreːs |
| 娃 | *qreː |
| 洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
| 哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
| 胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
| 溎 | *qeːns |
| 觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
| 黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
| 蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
| 蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
| 窪 | *qʷraː |
| 卦 | *kʷreːs |
| 挂 | *kʷreːs |
| 掛 | *kʷreːs |
| 詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
| 罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
| 絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
| 鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
| 圭 | *kʷeː |
| 珪 | *kʷeː |
| 邽 | *kʷeː |
| 閨 | *kʷeː |
| 袿 | *kʷeː |
| 窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
| 茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 桂 | *kʷeːs |
| 筀 | *kʷeːs |
| 奎 | *kʰʷeː |
| 刲 | *kʰʷeː |
| 蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
| 楏 | *kʰʷeː |
| 睳 | *qʰʷeː |
| 畦 | *ɡʷeː |
| 眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
| 烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
| 跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 恚 | *qʷes |
| 硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷeːs): semantic 木 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guì (gui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kui
    (Hailu, HRS): gui$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gui$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gié
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kùi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gui$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$kue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^4$
*** Yale: gwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
*** Palladius: гуй (guj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^3$
*** Yale: gwai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kui
*** Hakka Romanization System: gui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gui$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kui¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuɪ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gié
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̤̍
*** Sinological IPA : /ke⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùi
*** Tâi-lô: kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kui¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gui$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kùi
*** Sinological IPA : /kui²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$kue
*** MiniDict: kue$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$kue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit桂 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kuei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kuei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kue⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kuei³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kuei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kuɨ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kuei³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kuei¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kuei²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kuəi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kue⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuei⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kuei³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kuei⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kue³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kue̞⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kui⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕy⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kue³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕye⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kuei⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kuəi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kui⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kui⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kui⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɐi³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʷɐi³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kwɐi³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kui²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiɛ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ky³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kui²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kui³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: kwejH
Rime :
| Character | 桂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (40) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古惠切 |
| Baxter | kwejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kwei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kiwei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiwei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷeːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4579 |
| Phonetic component | 圭 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 桂 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷeːs/ |

#### Definitions

桂
* osmanthus; sweet osmanthus
* cassia; Chinese cinnamon
    From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
    Méngshè Mán yǐ jiāo, jiāng, guì hé pēng ér yǐn zhī. [Pinyin]
    The Mengshe Barbarians use pepper, ginger, and cinnamon to boil as a drink.
* true cinnamon; Saigon cinnamon; Indonesian cinnamon
* laurel; bay laurel
* of or relating to Guilin, Guangxi, or the region of the Gui River
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 丹桂 (dānguì)
* 吳剛伐桂 / 吴刚伐桂
* 折桂 (zhéguì)
* 折桂攀蟾
* 攀仙桂
* 攀桂
* 攀桂客
* 攀蟾折桂
* 月中折桂
* 月中桂
* 月桂 (yuèguì)
* 月桂冠 (yuèguìguān)
* 月桂樹 / 月桂树 (yuèguìshù)
* 木桂
* 杭桂 (Hángguì)
* 桂冠 (guìguān)
* 桂冠詩人 / 桂冠诗人
* 桂劇 / 桂剧 (guìjù)
* 桂圓 / 桂圆 (guìyuán)
* 桂圓肉 / 桂圆肉 (guìyuánròu)
* 桂堂
* 桂子
* 桂子蘭孫 / 桂子兰孙
* 桂子飄香 / 桂子飘香
* 桂宮 / 桂宫
* 桂宮柏寢 / 桂宫柏寝
* 桂山 (Guìshān)
* 桂戲 / 桂戏
* 桂旗
* 桂月 (guìyuè)
* 桂林 (Guìlín)
* 桂枝 (guìzhī)
* 桂林一枝
* 桂棟 / 桂栋
* 桂棹
* 桂樹 / 桂树
* 桂水
* 桂江
* 桂海
* 桂漿 / 桂浆
* 桂父
* 桂王
* 桂皮 (guìpí)
* 桂皮酸
* 桂秋
* 桂窟
* 桂竹 (guìzhú)
* 桂竹香
* 桂籍
* 桂舟
* 桂花 (guìhuā)
* 桂花糕
* 桂花茶 (guìhuā chá)
* 桂花酒 (guìhuājiǔ)
* 桂花醬 / 桂花酱
* 桂蠹
* 桂輪 / 桂轮
* 桂酒
* 桂陽 / 桂阳 (Guìyáng)
* 桂馥蘭芳 / 桂馥兰芳
* 桂魄 (guìpò)
* 桂魚 / 桂鱼 (guìyú)
* 炊桂
* 爨桂炊玉
* 米珠薪桂
* 肉桂 (ròuguì)
* 菌桂
* 薑桂 / 姜桂
* 薪桂米珠
* 薑桂老辣 / 姜桂老辣 (jiāngguìlǎolà)
* 藏桂 (Cángguì)
* 蘭桂 / 兰桂
* 蘭桂騰芳 / 兰桂腾芳
* 蘭桂齊芳 / 兰桂齐芳
* 蘭薰桂馥 / 兰薰桂馥
* 蟾宮折桂 / 蟾宫折桂 (chángōngzhéguì)
* 蟾桂
* 銀桂 / 银桂
* 食玉炊桂

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 桂 – see 鱖 (“mandarin fish; Chinese perch”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鱖).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* the katsura, the Japanese Judas tree
* the cinnamon or cassia tree
* the sweet osmanthus tree

#### Readings

* Go-on: かい (kai)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: かつら (katsura, 桂)、めかつら (mekatsura, 桂)
* Nanori: か (ka)、かつ (katsu)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 桂魚(ケツギョ) (ketsugyo)
* 桂(けい)園(えん) (Keien): pseudonym for 香川景樹 (Kagawa Kageki), a poet during the late Edo Period
** 桂(けい)園(えん)一(いっ)枝(し) (Keien Isshi): a private anthology of poetry printed towards the end of the Edo Period
** 桂(けい)園(えん)派(は) (Keienha): a style of 和歌 (waka) poetry, founded by 香川景樹 (Kagawa Kageki)
* 桂(けい)宮(きゅう)院(いん) (Keikyūin), 桂(けい)宮(ぐう)院(いん) (Keigūin): the inner temple building at the Hōryūji Temple in Kyoto
* 桂(けい)昌(しょう)院(いん) (Keishōin): concubine of 徳川家光 (Tokugawa Iemitsu), the third Tokugawa shōgun
* 桂(けい)仙(せん)花(か) (keisenka): Synonym of 翁草 (okinagusa), Pulsatilla cernua, a type of low-growing anemone

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 桂
* かつら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 楓
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 香 (ka, “fragrance, good smell”) +‎ 出 (zu, “to come out, to put something out”) + ら (ra, nominalizing suffix): "that which puts out a good smell", from the way the wood smells good.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かつら [kàtsúrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠t͡sɨɾa̠]

#### Noun

桂(かつら) or 桂(カツラ) • (katsura)
* katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, also called the Japanese Judas tree
* (Chinese mythology) a tree on the moon, from a Chinese legend that the phases of the moon were caused by Lauraceae trees budding, blossoming, then dropping their flowers and leaves again as if in accelerated seasons
    Synonym: 月桂 (gekkei)
* julienned raw daikon, used as a garnish for sashimi
* Synonym of 肉桂 (nikkei, “cinnamon or cassia tree”)
* (by extension) Synonym of 桂皮 (keihi, “cinnamon or cassia bark”)

##### Derived terms

* 桂男(かつらおとこ) (katsura otoko): the katsura man, a character in the Chinese legend who lives on the moon
* カツラ科(カ), 桂(かつら)科(か) (katsuraka): the Cercidiphyllaceae family, containing only the Cercidiphyllum genus, containing only the two species Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Cercidiphyllum magnificum, both commonly called 桂 (katsura)
* 広葉桂(ヒロハカツラ) (hiroha katsura, “broadleaf katsura, Cercidiphyllum magnificum”)

#### Proper noun

桂(かつら) • (Katsura)
* a male given name
* a surname
* A neighbourhood on the west bank of the Katsura River in Kyoto

##### Derived terms

* 桂(かつら)飴(あめ) (katsurāme): a type of sweet traditionally sold in villages in the mountains around Kyōto Prefecture
* 桂(かつら)鮎(あゆ) (katsurāyu): ayu (sweetfish) caught in the Katsura River in Kyōto
* 桂(かつら)巻(まき) (katsura maki): a style of women's head wrapping popular during the Muromachi Period, using a long piece of cloth tied in front above the forehead
* 桂宮(かつらのみや) (Katsura-no-miya): one of the four 親王家 (shinnōke, “branches of the Imperial Family of Japan which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne in the event that the main line should die out”)
* 桂(かつら)女(め) (katsurame): a type of 巫女 (miko, “shrine maiden”); a woman selling of katsura ayu and katsura ame in areas around old Kyōto; a prostitute from the village of Katsura near Kyōto; a noblewoman's bridesmaid in ancient Japan
* 桂離宮(かつらりきゅう) (Katsura Rikyū)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 桂
* めかつら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 女桂
From Old Japanese. Alternative spelling for 女桂 (mekatsura, “female katsura”), an archaic name for the cinnamon tree. Compare 男桂 (okatsura, “male katsura: the katsura tree”), also spelled 楓. Appears with this reading in the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō), a Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters completed in 938.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [me̞ka̠t͡sɨɾa̠]

#### Noun

桂(めかつら) • (mekatsura)
* Alternative spelling of 女桂 (mekatsura, “cinnamon tree, or other closely related trees in genus Cinnamomum”)
    Synonym: 肉桂 (nikkei)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 桂
* けい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 桂 (kweiH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けー [kéꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ke̞ː]

#### Noun

桂(けい) • (kei)
* Chinese cinnamon, Cinnamomum cassia
    Synonyms: 東京肉桂 (tonkin nikkei), 支那肉桂 (shina nikkei), カシア (kashia)
* common name for various other trees in family Lauraceae
* (in compounds) 木犀 (mokusei, “sweet osmanthus tree”)

##### Derived terms

* 桂(けい)庵(あん) (keian): a mediary in an arranged marriage or in a lawsuit; a hiring placement specialist
* 桂花(けいか) (keika)
* 桂(けい)冠(かん) (keikan): a laurel wreath
* 桂(けい)江(こう) (Keikō): a river in the Chūgoku region of Japan
* 桂(けい)枝(し) (keishi): a branch from a cassia, katsura, laurel, or cinnamon tree; a branch from the legendary tree that grows on the moon
* 桂皮(けいし) (keishi)
* 桂(けい)芝(し) (keishi): Synonym of 万年茸 (mannentake), a type of mushroom
* 桂(けい)樹(じゅ) (keiju): common name for various trees in family Lauraceae, particularly the cinnamon or cassia trees; a legendary tree growing on the moon; Synonym of 浜枇杷 (hamabiwa, “a type of tree in the genus Litsea, related to the laurel”)
* 桂(けい)秋(しゅう) (keishū): Synonym of 秋 (aki, “autumn”)
* 桂(けい)心(しん) (keishin): cinnamon or cassia bark, as used in cooking; Cinnamomum tenuifolium, Japanese cinnamon; a type of mochi confection coated in cinnamon powder
* 肉桂(ニッケイ) (nikkei)
* 丹(たん)桂(けい) (tankei, “golden osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans)”)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 桂
* けい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From a Chinese legend that the phases of the moon were caused by kei trees, which would bud, blossom, then drop their flowers and leaves again as if in accelerated seasons.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ke̞ː]

#### Noun

桂(けい) • (kei)
* (euphemistic) the moon
    Synonyms: 月 (tsuki), 桂花 (keika)

##### Derived terms

* 桂(けい)花(か) (keika), 桂華(けいか) (keika): (metaphor) the moon, from a Chinese legend of trees growing on the moon
* 桂(けい)月(げつ) (keigetsu): synonym of 月 (tsuki, “the moon”); the eighth lunar month

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 桂
* けい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
Abbreviation of 桂馬 (keima), the knight in 将棋 (shōgi, “Japanese chess”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けー [kèé] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) けー [kéꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ke̞ː]

#### Noun

桂(けい) • (kei)
* (shogi) the knight in 将棋 (shōgi, “Japanese chess”)
    Synonym: 桂馬 (keima)

##### Derived terms

* 成桂(なりけい) (narikei)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

桂 (eumhun 계수나무 계 (gyesunamu gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“cinnamon”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桂: Hán Nôm readings: quế

### Noun

桂
* chữ Hán form of quế (“cinnamon”).