OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# maturate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin māturātus, perfect passive participle of māturō (“to ripen”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Compare French maturer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmætjʊɹeɪt/, /ˈmæt͡ʃəɹeɪt/

### Verb

maturate (third-person singular simple present maturates, present participle maturating, simple past and past participle maturated)
* (transitive) To bring to ripeness or maturity; to ripen.
** 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):A tree may be maturated artificially.
* (medicine, transitive) To promote the perfect suppuration of (an abscess).
* (medicine, intransitive) To undergo perfect suppuration.

#### Synonyms

* mature

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

maturate
* inflection of maturare:
** second-person plural present indicative
** second-person plural imperative

### Etymology 2
#### Participle

maturate f pl
* feminine plural of maturato

## Latin
### Participle

mātūrāte
* vocative masculine singular of mātūrātus

### References

* “maturate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* maturate in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# masticate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin masticātus, perfect passive participle of masticō (“to chew”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Alternatively, back-formation from mastication, either ultimately from Ancient Greek μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “to grind the teeth”). Compare French mastiquer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmæstɪkeɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

masticate (third-person singular simple present masticates, present participle masticating, simple past and past participle masticated)
* (transitive) To chew (food).
    The cow stood, quietly masticating its cud.
** 1832, Charles Dickens, chapter 4, in The Pickwick Papers:The fat boy rose, opened his eyes, swallowed the huge piece of pie he had been in the act of masticating when he last fell asleep, and slowly obeyed his master’s orders.
** 1892, Herman Melville, chapter 12, in Typee: A Romance of the South Seas:"By tasting it, to be sure," said I, masticating a morsel that Kory-Kory had just put in my mouth.
** 1896, H. G. Wells, chapter 8, in The Island of Dr. Moreau:He resumed his meal. "I had no idea of it," he said, and masticated.
** 1927-1929, Mahatma Gandhi, translated by Mahadev Desai, An Autobiography or The Story of my Experiments with Truth, published 1940:The vegetables were not to be cooked but merely grated fine, if I could not masticate them.
** 2001, Nadine Gordimer, The Pickup:The friends watch the two make their way between other habitués masticating, drinking, crouched in a scrum of conversation […]
* (transitive) To grind or knead something into a pulp.

#### Derived terms

* masticable
* masticator
* premasticate
* remasticate

#### Related terms

* mastic
* mastication
* masticatory

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* catamites

## Interlingua
### Participle

masticate
* past participle of masticar

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

masticate
* second-person plural present indicative of masticare

### Etymology 2
#### Participle

masticate f pl
* feminine plural of masticato

### Anagrams

* mesticata

## Latin
### Verb

masticāte
* second-person plural present active imperative of masticō

## Spanish
### Verb

masticate
* second-person singular voseo imperative of masticar combined with te
# Krasula
## Czech
### Etymology

From krásný +‎ -ula.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkrasula]

### Proper noun

Krasula f
* a given name for a cow

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Etymology

From krása +‎ -ula.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkrasula]

### Proper noun

Krasula f
* a given name for a cow

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Krasula m pers (female equivalent Krasulová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Krasula”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# petite bourgeoisie
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French petite bourgeoisie.

### Noun

petite bourgeoisie (countable and uncountable, plural petite bourgeoisies or petites bourgeoisies)
* (historical, 18th to 19th century) The lower middle class.
* (Marxism) An aspirational socio-economic class comprising small-scale capitalists such as small-business owners, managers, and some skilled professionals.

#### Synonyms

* petty bourgeoisie

#### Antonyms

* haute bourgeoisie

#### Related terms

* petit bourgeois

#### Translations
### See also

* kulak

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.tit buʁ.ʒwa.zi/

### Noun

petite bourgeoisie f (countable and uncountable, plural petites bourgeoisies)
* petite bourgeoisie
    Coordinate terms: grande bourgeoisie, moyenne bourgeoisie

#### See also

* petite noblesse
# 明黃
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mínghuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mínghuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mínghuáng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$-huang$^2$
*** Yale: míng-hwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minghwang
*** Palladius: минхуан (minxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

### Noun

明黃
* bright yellow
# Aðalbjörn
## Icelandic
### Proper noun

Aðalbjörn m (proper noun, genitive singular Aðalbjörns or Aðalbjarnar)
* a male given name

#### References

* Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “Aðalbjörn”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
# like a man possessed
## English
### Adverb

like a man possessed (comparative more like a man possessed, superlative most like a man possessed)
* (idiomatic, simile, colloquial) In an energetic or uncontrolled way.
# Seumas
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic Seumas.

### Proper noun

Seumas
* A male given name from Scottish Gaelic, equivalent to English James.

### Anagrams

* Seamus, assume, amuses

## Irish
### Proper noun

Seumas m (genitive Sheumais)
* Superseded spelling of Séamas.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

Borrowed from English James. Compare Irish Séamas and Manx Jamys.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃeːməs̪/
* Hyphenation: Seu‧mas

### Proper noun

Seumas m (genitive Sheumais, vocative a Sheumais, diminutive Seumaidh)
* a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English James
* (biblical) James

#### Declension

$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

#### Derived terms

* Seumasach (“Jacobite”)
* Seumas-ruadh (“puffin”)

#### Descendants

* → English: Hamish

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# alkoholismo
## Esperanto
### Etymology

alkoholo +‎ -ismo

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [alkohoˈlismo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Hyphenation: al‧ko‧ho‧lis‧mo

### Noun

alkoholismo (uncountable, accusative alkoholismon)
* alcoholism
    Synonym: dipsomanio
    Hypernyms: manio, toksomanio

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish alcoholismo. By surface analysis, alkohol +‎ -ismo.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔalkohoˈlismo/ [ʔɐl.ko.hoˈlis.mo]
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Syllabification: al‧ko‧ho‧lis‧mo

### Noun

alkoholismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜑᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)
* alcoholism

### Further reading

* “alkoholismo”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “alkoholismo”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 22
# 𠕁

| 𠕁 | U+20541, &#132417; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20541 |
| ← 𠕀 [U+20540] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𠕂 → [U+20542] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𠕁 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月廿 (BT), composition ⿵冂卄 or ⿻𦉫一)

#### Derived characters

* 𠂥, 侖, 扁, 𫿯, 𠀷, 龠, 𩆚, 𢘁, 㕟, 欳, 𭃬, 嗣, 翤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 99, character 4
* Unihan data for U+20541

### Usage notes

This character appears as the bottom component of characters such as 侖 and 龠 (Radical 214) and is not to be confused with 冊.

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𠕁 – see 冊 (“book; volume; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 冊).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cóng (cong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^2$
*** Yale: tsúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/

#### Definitions

𠕁
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) hole

### References

* International Encoded Han Character and Variants Database
# akredita
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish acreditar.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔakɾediˈta/ [ʔɐ.kɾɛ.d̪ɪˈt̪a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a‧kre‧di‧ta

### Noun

akreditá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜆ)
* act of accrediting; accreditation
    Synonyms: pagtibay, kilala, akreditasyon

#### Derived terms

* akreditahan
* akreditahin
* iakredita
* mag-akredita

#### Related terms

* akreditado
* akreditasyon
* akreedor
* deskredito
* ingkredulo
* kredensiyal
* kredibilidad
* kredito
* kredits
* kredo

### Further reading

* “akredita”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# scapegallows
## English
### Alternative forms

* 'scapegallows

### Etymology

From scape (archaic for escape) +‎ gallows.

### Noun

scapegallows (plural scapegallowses)
* (colloquial, dated) A criminal who has narrowly escaped from being hanged.
** 1838–1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby:[…] And remember this, 'scapegallows,' said Ralph, menacing him with his hand, 'that if we meet again, and you so much as notice me by one begging gesture, you shall see the inside of a jail once more […]

#### Synonyms

* crack-hemp, gallows bird; See also Thesaurus:gallows bird
# палидръвце
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Compound of па́ля (pálja, “to ignite”) +‎ -и- (-i-) +‎ дръвце́ (drǎvcé, “wood”).

### Noun

палидръвце́ • (palidrǎvcé) n (obsolete)
* (literally) one who kindles wood
* kindling, matchstick
    Synonym: (standard) кле́чка кибри́т (kléčka kibrít)

#### Related terms

* пали́че (palíče), пали́ло (palílo, “matchstick”) (dialectal)
* пали́во (palívo, “kindling”) (dialectal)

### References

* “палидръвце”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
# kalkan balığı
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قلقان بالغی (kalkan balığı).

### Noun

kalkan balığı
* turbot
# dejepisec
## Slovak
### Etymology

By surface analysis, dejepis (“history”) +‎ -ec (“appended to nouns to form an agent noun”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɟejepiset͡s]

### Noun

dejepisec m pers (relational adjective dejepisecký)
* historian

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “dejepisec”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# lepojka
## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* ljèpōjka (Ijekavian)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lěpoːjka/
* Hyphenation: le‧poj‧ka

### Noun

lèpōjka f (Cyrillic spelling лѐпо̄јка)
* a beautiful girl
# bedpan
## English
### Etymology

From bed +‎ pan ("chamber pot").

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛdˌpæn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

bedpan (plural bedpans)
* A pan used for urination and defecation while in bed, now usually for reasons of medical necessity or convenience.
    The nurse emptied the patient's bedpan each morning.

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:chamber pot
# hair grass
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Noun

hair grass (uncountable)
* A grass with very slender leaves or branches, as:
** Agrostis scabra, a bunchgrass.
** Several species of Aira.
** Species of junegrass (Koeleria).
** Several species of tussock grass (Deschampsia).

#### Synonyms

* (Agrostis scabra): rough bent grass, rough bent, ticklegrass, tumbleweed, winter bentgrass

#### Derived terms

* Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica)
* crested hair grass (Koeleria macrantha)
* glaucous hair grass (Koeleria glauca)
* silver hair grass (Aira caryophyllea)
* silvery hair grass (Aira caryophyllea)
* tufted hair grass (Deschampsia caespitosa)
* water hair grass (Catabrosa aquatica)

### References

* Agrostis scabra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Agrostis scabra on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Agrostis scabra on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Aira on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Aira on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Aira on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Koeleria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Koeleria on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Koeleria on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Deschampsia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Deschampsia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Deschampsia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* “hair grass”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# panhandling
## English
### Noun

panhandling (usually uncountable, plural panhandlings)
* The act or habit of begging for money.
** 1974, B. Clarence Hall, The Burning Season, page 5:The old owner was dead now and the son who had taken over had had to bar Tolie from the movie show because the hunchback annoyed the crowds with his periodic panhandlings up and down the aisles.

### Verb

panhandling
* present participle and gerund of panhandle
# Zhuo
## English
### Etymology

Chinese surname, Mandarin form of 卓 (zhuó).

### Proper noun

Zhuo (plural Zhuos)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Zhuo is the 25849th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 952 individuals. Zhuo is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (98.32%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* Zhou, zhou
# rhifolyn
## Welsh
### Etymology

rhifol (“numeral”) +‎ -yn (diminutive suffix).

### Noun

rhifolyn m (plural rhifolion)
* numeral
    Synonym: rhifol

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “rhifolyn”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhifolyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# shanks' nags
## English
### Noun

shanks' nags
* plural of shanks' nag
# section 8s
## English
### Noun

section 8s
* plural of section 8
# gwedren
## Cornish
### Etymology

From gweder (“glass”) +‎ -en.

### Noun

gwedren f (plural gwedrennow)
* glass, drinking glass, tumbler
# like a fart in church
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Prepositional phrase

like a fart in church
* (slang, vulgar, simile) In a way that is very poorly received.
** 2012, Jeff Brooks, Life During a Nation's Death, page 199:Rick's scam to palm her off on Huey went over like a fart in church, just like Huey had predicted. She had indignantly scolded him when he brought it up.
* (slang, vulgar, simile) With great incongruity; so as to stick out like a sore thumb.
** 2006, Michael Diamondstein, Cloaked in Doubt:Their blue uniforms and badges stick out like a fart in church.

#### See also

* go down like a cup of cold sick
* go down like a cup of sick
* go over like a lead balloon
* sink like a stone
* turd in the punchbowl
# Alat
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Azerbaijani Ələt.

### Proper noun

Alat f
* Alat (a port town on the Caspian Sea in Baku, Azerbaijan).

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From ȁlat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /âlat/

### Noun

ȁlat m (Cyrillic spelling а̏лат)
* a given name for a horse

### Further reading

* “Alat”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# ជាងចម្លាក់
## Khmer
### Etymology

ជាង (ciəng) +‎ ចម្លាក់ (cɑmlak).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | ជាងចម្លាក់ jāṅcm̥lāk´ |
| Phonemic | ជាង ចំ-ឡាក់ jāṅ cṃ-ḷāk´ |
| WT romanisation | ciəng cɑmlak |
| (standard) IPA | /ciəŋ cɑm.ˈlaʔ/ |

### Noun

ជាងចម្លាក់ • (ciəng cɑmlak)
* sculptor
# Loch Inver
## English
### Proper noun

Loch Inver
* A short sea loch in western Sutherland, Highland council area, Scotland, with the village of Lochinver at its head.
# rufous-naped tits
## English
### Noun

rufous-naped tits
* plural of rufous-naped tit
# grey-headed chickadees
## English
### Noun

gray-headed chickadees
* plural of grey-headed chickadee
# blue-cheeked bee-eaters
## English
### Noun

blue-cheeked bee-eaters
* plural of blue-cheeked bee-eater
# hundred-dollar hamburgers
## English
### Noun

hundred-dollar hamburgers
* plural of hundred-dollar hamburger
# rufous-bellied tits
## English
### Noun

rufous-bellied tits
* plural of rufous-bellied tit
# rufous-chested sparrowhawks
## English
### Noun

rufous-chested sparrowhawks
* plural of rufous-chested sparrowhawk
# collectivas
## Latin
### Adjective

collēctīvās
* accusative feminine plural of collēctīvus

## Portuguese
### Adjective

collectivas
* feminine plural of collectivo
# սրահ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian սրահ (srah). Doublet of սարայ (saray).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /səˈɾɑh/, [səɾɑ́h]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /səˈɾɑh/, [səɾɑ́h]

### Noun

սրահ • (srah)
* hall; salon
    Synonym: դահլիճ (dahlič)
    գեղեցկության սրահ ― geġecʻkutʻyan srah ― beauty salon
    ցուցահանդեսի սրահ ― cʻucʻahandesi srah ― showroom

#### Derived terms

* գահասրահ (gahasrah)
* ընթերցասրահ (əntʻercʻasrah)
* խաղասրահ (xaġasrah)
* համերգասրահ (hamergasrah)
* հանդիսասրահ (handisasrah)
* հյուրասրահ (hyurasrah)
* ճաշասրահ (čašasrah)
* ճեմասրահ (čemasrah)
* մարզասրահ (marzasrah)
* նախասրահ (naxasrah)
* պատկերասրահ (patkerasrah)
* պարասրահ (parasrah)
* սպասասրահ (spasasrah)
* ցուցասրահ (cʻucʻasrah)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Iranian *srāh. Compare Persian سرای (sarây) and Judeo-Persian סראה (srāh, “vestibule”).

### Noun

սրահ • (srah)
* large room, hall
* a curtain or wall ornament hung in such a room

#### Derived terms

* երեքսրահեան (erekʻsrahean)
* ընդարձակասրահ (əndarjakasrah)
* սրահակ (srahak)
* սրահակաձեւ (srahakajew)
* սրահականք (srahakankʻ)
* սրահաձեղուն (srahajełun)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: սրահ (srah)
* → Old Georgian: სრა (sra)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “սրահ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “սրահ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# saunchum
## Narragansett
### Alternative forms

* סאוּנשוּם (sʾûnšûm), סָנשוּם (sânšûm) (Hebrew script)

### Noun

saunchum anim
* Alternative form of sâchim (“sachem, king”)
** 1769, Ezra Stiles, Notes on Narragansett Indian Vocabulary‎, Yale University Beinecke Library, Local record 1769.09.06.00, OID 11413743, pages 2 (24):Sachem$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$Saunchumסאוּנשוּםסָנשוּם(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* Trumbull misreads this item as **saunchem. Both Hebrew spellings confirm that the final vowel is u.

### Further reading

* William Cowan (1973) “Narragansett 126 years after”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 39, number 1, →ISSN, page 10
* James Hammond Trumbull (1903) “sachem, sagamore”, in Natick Dictionary, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 316
# intros
## English
### Noun

intros
* plural of intro

### Anagrams

* nitros, trions, storin, in sort, Ritson, tonirs

## French
### Noun

intros f
* plural of intro

## Portuguese
### Noun

intros
* plural of intro

## Spanish
### Noun

intros f pl
* plural of intro
# lactation station
## English
### Noun

lactation station (plural lactation stations)
* A booth where somebody can breastfeed privately.
# brass neck
## English
### Etymology

From stick one's neck out.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

brass neck (plural brass necks)
* (idiomatic, UK, Ireland) Gall, shamelessness, cheek.
** 2014 March 18, John Hyde, “Help for Heroes? Not from this government”, in The Law Society Gazette‎, archived from the original on 20 March 2014:This year's commemorations of the start of World War One are a stark reminder of the sacrifices politicians make with other people's lives – except nowadays they'll do so wearing a Help for Heroes t-shirt (almost entirely covering their brass necks). When it comes to the hypocritical lauding of the armed forces while simultaneously shafting them, no one does it better than this government.
** 2016 March 27, Helen Pidd, “Government's laughable cycling blueprint does nothing to boost safety”, in The Guardian‎:That’s why it’s particularly outrageous for the government to sneak out its rubbish “blueprint” for cycling and walking on Easter Sunday, and having the brass neck to try to spin its laughably small investment in cycling and walking as a genuine attempt to make them people’s choice for shorter journeys and to reduce the rate of cyclists killed or seriously injured.
** 2020 September 6, Jessica Elgot, “UK's chief Brexit negotiator has 'brass neck', says former May aide”, in The Guardian‎:Theresa May’s former chief of staff has accused the UK’s chief Brexit negotiator, David Frost, of having a “brass neck” after he said the UK government had “blinked first” in negotiations.
** 2025 January 31, Rowena Mason, quoting Labour spokesperson, “Tory Chris Philp accused of ‘brass neck’ after saying UK needs better work ethic”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:After the Conservatives’ economic failure left working people worse off, it takes some real brass neck for the Tory top team to tell the public that it’s really all their fault. It’s the same old Tories. They haven’t changed and they’ve learned nothing.
* (idiomatic, UK, Ireland) A person with gall.
** 2010 [2006], Robert Harris, Imperium (Cicero Trilogy), Random House, →ISBN, page 72:And it will need a strong hand to wield that knife, and it will need a steady nerve besides, because they have necks of brass, these aristocrats, I tell you: brass necks, all of them!
** 2020, Stuart Ritchie, Science Fictions: Exposing Fraud, Bias, Negligence and Hype in Science‎, Random House, →ISBN:Mostly, though, open data acts as a deterrent against committing fraud in the first place, since it would take the brassiest of brass necks to post a fake dataset on a public website.

#### Related terms

* brass-balled
* brass-necked
* brass-neck (verb)
* [to have] a neck like a jockey's bollocks (Irish slang)

### References

* ↑ “brass neck”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present