# در
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Afroasiatic *dâr- (“to increase”). Cognate with Old South Arabian 𐩵𐩧𐩧 (drr, “abundance, harvest”).

#### Verb

دَرَّ • (darra) I (non-past يَدِرُّ (yadirru) or يَدُرُّ (yadurru), verbal noun دَرّ (darr))
* to flow copiously
* to stream, to flow, to well
* to accrue
* to be abundant, to be plentiful

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

دَرّ • (darr) m
* verbal noun of دَرَّ (darra) (form I)
* copious flow of milk
* milk, lactation
* achievement, accomplishment
* nature, natural disposition
* soul, mind, intellect

##### Derived terms

* لِلَّٰهِ دَرُّكَ (lillāhi darruka)

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “در”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

دُرّ • (durr) m (collective, singulative دُرَّة f (durra), paucal دُرَّات (durrāt) or دُرَر (durar))
* pearls
    Synonym: لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: dürr
* → Uzbek: dur
* → Northern Kurdish: durr

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

دُرْ • (dur) (form I) /dur/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of دَارَ (dāra)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

در • (der)
* Alternative form of تر (ter, “sweat”)

### Etymology 2

From Classical Persian در (durr), from Arabic دُرّ (durr).

#### Noun

در • (dür)
* pearl
* (figurative) a beautiful girl

### Etymology 3

From Persian در (dar).

#### Preposition

در • (der)
* in, into
* within, among

### Etymology 4

Contraction of دورور (durur, “it stands”).

#### Verb

در • (dır, dir, dur, dür)
* (he, she, it) is; (they) are

##### Descendants

* Turkish: -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür

### Etymology 5
#### Phrase

در • (dur)
* it is

##### Alternative forms

* دورر, دور — considered old by the 19th century

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “در”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 892

## Pashto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dar/

### Pronoun

در • (dar)
* toward you (pronominal prefix of the second person)

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Appears in the 1100s, a contraction of earlier Classical Persian اندر (andar), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /⁠andar⁠/, “in, among, towards, concerning”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [daɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)
* Rhymes: -ar

#### Preposition

Picture dictionary :
در
فوق
زیر
در
جلوی
پشت
روی
کنار
میان :
در • (dar)
* at, in, inside, within
    Synonyms: داخل (dâxel-e), درون (darun-e)
    در خانه ― dar xâne ― at home
    در کیف ― dar kif ― in a bag
* in, on; used of time units.
    در روز یکشنبه ― dar ruz-e yekšambe ― on Monday
    در سال ۲۰۲۴ ― dar sâl-e 2024 ― in the year 2024
* by, per
    درصد ― darsad ― percent (literally, “per hundred”)
    دو متر در دو متر ― do metr dar do metr ― two by two meters

##### Usage notes

* In colloquial Iranian Persian, تو (tu) is normally used instead of در (dar) in all contexts except for fixed, idiomatic phrases. However, only در (dar) is used in formal or literary contexts.
* In colloquial Dari Persian, در (dar) is still used but pronounced and often written ده (da).

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace, chapter, subject”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar$^ə$m)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindi बार (bār) / Urdu بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [daɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

#### Noun

در • (dar) (plural درها (dar-hâ))
* door
    در باز شد. ― dar bâz šod. ― The door opened.
* lid
    در تابه ― dar-e tâbe ― frying pan lid
* (dated) court
* (dated) topic, subject
* (dated) chapter

##### Usage notes

* The usage of در as "door" or "lid", while still understood, has become uncommon in Dari.

##### Derived terms

* دری (dari)
* دربار (darbâr)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic دُرّ (durr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [duɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ʊɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ʊɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ʊɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪uɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪oɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪uɾ]

#### Noun

در • (dorr)
* pearl

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [daɾɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äɾ(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äɾ(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æɹ(ː)]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äɾ(ː)]

#### Verb

در • (dar)
* present stem form of دریدن (daridan)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deɾ/

#### Verb

در • (der)
* (dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن
    حالا کم کم می‌بینُم کار دِرَه بالا می‌گیرِه.hâlâ kam kam mi-binom kâr dera bâlâ mi-gire.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161
* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 500

### Further reading

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “در”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “در”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian در (dar). Doublet of دوار (dvār).

### Noun

دَر • (dar) m (Hindi spelling दर) (poetic)
* door

#### Related terms

* دروازہ (darwāza, “door”)
* دربار (darbâr, “royal court, durbar”)

## Ushojo
### Etymology 1
#### Preposition

در (dar)
* inside, in, into

#### Adverb

در (dar)
* in something

### Etymology 2

From Classical Persian در (dar).

#### Noun

در (dar)
* door
    Synonym: دروازو (darvāzō)