# 穗

| 穗 | U+7A57, &#31319; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A57 |
| ← 穖 [U+7A56] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穘 → [U+7A58] |

## Translingual
### Han character

穗 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 竹木十戈心 (HDJIP), four-corner 2593$_3$, composition ⿰禾惠)

#### Derived characters

* 𬟘

#### Related characters

* 穂 (Japanese shinjitai)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 860, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25298
* Dae Jaweon: page 1286, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2631, character 12
* Unihan data for U+7A57

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 穗
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 韢 | *skʰʷeds |
| 繐 | *sqʰʷeds, *ɢʷiːds |
| 憓 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 潓 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 惠 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 蟪 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 蕙 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 橞 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 譓 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 鏸 | *ɢʷiːds |
| 穗 | *sɢʷids |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sɢʷids): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds).

### Etymology

From Sino-Tibetan; compare Mizo vui (“ear (of grain); to ear”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): suì (sui$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄟˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xu$^4$ / sui$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seoi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhui$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): sui$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sui
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sui$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): sui$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): sói
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sūi / hūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sui$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fei$^4$ / sei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suì
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suèi
*** Wade–Giles: sui$^4$
*** Yale: swèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suey
*** Palladius: суй (suj)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suìr
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suèir
*** Wade–Giles: sui$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: swèir
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suell
*** Palladius: суйр (sujr)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯əɻ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xu$^4$ / sui$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy / sui
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹³/, /suei²¹³/
* xu4 - vernacular;
* sui4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: zwijH
Rime :
| Character | 穗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 徐醉切 |
| Baxter | zwijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwi$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /zui$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /zwi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zwi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | suì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 穗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | suì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zwij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[t]-s/ |
| English | ear of grain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 穗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5490 |
| Phonetic component | 惠 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遂 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɢʷids/ |

### Definitions

穗
* ear of grain
* tassel
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) snuff of a candle
* (abbreviation) Guangzhou
* a surname

### Compounds

* 一禾九穗 (yīhéjiǔsuì)
* 一穗三秀
* 一莖九穗 / 一茎九穗
* 一莖六穗 / 一茎六穗
* 三穗 (Sānsuì)
* 乳穗
* 六穗
* 共穗
* 吐穗 (tǔsuì)
* 合穗
* 嘉穗
* 孕穗 (yùnsuì)
* 抽穗 (chōusuì)
* 拾穗
* 接穗
* 果穗
* 煙穗 / 烟穗
* 燈穗 / 灯穗
* 燈穗子 / 灯穗子
* 燭穗 / 烛穗
* 爐穗 / 炉穗
* 瑞穗 (Ruìsuì)
* 盈車嘉穗 / 盈车嘉穗
* 禾穗
* 秀穗
* 秉穗
* 穀穗 / 谷穗 (gǔsuì)
* 稻穗 (dàosuì)
* 穗兒 / 穗儿
* 穗城 (Suìchéng)
* 穗子 (suìzi)
* 穗帶 / 穗带
* 穗狀花序 / 穗状花序
* 穗肥
* 穗軸 / 穗轴
* 穗選 / 穗选
* 穗頭 / 穗头
* 糠穗
* 紫穗槐
* 線穗子 / 线穗子
* 肉穗花序
* 辮穗頭 / 辫穗头
* 遺穗 / 遗穗
* 金穗
* 金麥穗 / 金麦穗
* 霜穗
* 青穗
* 香穗
* 駢穗 / 骈穗
* 騎羊執穗 / 骑羊执穗
* 麥穗 / 麦穗 (màisuì)
* 麥穗兩岐 / 麦穗两岐
* 麥穗兩歧 / 麦穗两歧
* 黍穗
* 黑穗病

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02948
* “穗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 穂 |
| Kyūjitai | 穗 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 穂)
* Kyūjitai form of 穂.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずい (zui)
* Kan-on: すい (sui)
* Kun: ほ (ho, 穗)

#### Usage notes

* As in historical on-readings ending in -ゐ, such as "つゐ", "ゆゐ", and "るゐ", most dictionaries do not have "すゐ" and "すゐ" as historical readings for 穗. According to historical data, the on-readings of 穗 are the modern "すい" and "ずい". However, the Dai Kanwa Jiten, has the -ゐ historical on-readings.

## Korean
### Hanja

穗 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

穗: Hán Nôm readings: tuệ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation