# men
## Translingual
### Symbol

men
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Mende.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Mende terms

## English
### Etymology

From Middle English men, from Old English menn (“people”), from Proto-Germanic *manniz, nominative plural of Proto-Germanic *mann- (“person”). Cognate with German Männer (“men”), Danish mænd (“men”), Swedish män (“men”). More at man.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛn/
** Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛn
** (pin–pen merger) IPA: /mɪn/
** Rhymes: -ɪn
** Homophone: min

### Noun

men
* plural of man
** 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking. […] Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made the proper garb of men.

### Noun

men pl (plural only)
* (collective, dated) (The) people, humanity, man(kind).
** 1776, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America:We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
* (collective, military) Enlisted personnel (as opposed to commissioned officers).
    "Muster up the men in the barracks at 0600," the lieutenant said to his sergeant.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:men.

#### Derived terms

* man among men
* menkind
* menfolk
* three-men-in-a-boat

#### Related terms

* mennish

#### Translations
## Basque
### Noun

men
* A command

## Chuukese
### Adverb

men
* softer form of fakkun (“very”)

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *maɣɨn, from Proto-Celtic *maginos. Cognate with Welsh maen.

#### Noun

men m (plural meyn)
* stone

##### Usage notes

* This word mutates irregularly to veyn in the plural after the definite article. It shares this behaviour with margh (“horse”) and no other word.

##### Derived terms

* men bedh (“gravestone, tombstone”)
* men bras (“megalith”)
* men du (“jet (stone)”)
* men growan (“granite”)
* men kov (“monument”)
* men kowas (“meteorite”)
* men melin (“millstone”)
* men paper gwelsigow (“rock paper scissors”)
* men-pobas (“griddle”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Possibly from Etymology 1.”)

#### Adjective

men
* eager
* fluent
* outspoken
* vigorous

##### Derived terms

* tooth men (“fast”)

### Mutation
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”). Compare Turkish ben (“I”).

### Pronoun

men
* I

#### Derived terms

* mence

### References

* “men”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse mein, from Proto-Germanic *mainą (“damage, hurt, injustice, sin”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meːn/, [meːˀn]

#### Noun

men or mén n or c (singular definite menet or menen, plural indefinite men, plural definite menene)
* injury

### Etymology 2

Same origin as Old Norse meðan (“while”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛn/, [men]

#### Conjunction

men
* but
* (as a noun) but, catch, hitch, snag
    Jeg kan høre, der er et men.

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛn/, /mə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: men
* Rhymes: -ɛn, -ən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch men, an unstressed variety of man (“man”). Accordingly, originally pronounced with [ə]; now predominantly with a full vowel [ɛ], a spelling pronunciation common especially in those areas where the word is chiefly literary. Compare German man, Middle English men (indefinite pronoun).

#### Pronoun

men
* (indefinite, subject) one, you, they, everyone; humanity, (the) people, the public opinion
    Men zegt dat... ― People say that.... It is said that...
    Men weet nooit wat er gaat gebeuren. ― You never know what’s going to happen.

##### Usage notes

* When not used as a subject, men must be replaced with je (“you”) or sometimes ze (“them”).
* The word as such is very common in Limburg and some other areas, where it is part of the local dialects. Elsewhere it is not downright rare but perceived as formal and predominantly replaced with je and ze even as a subject (similarly to English one).

##### Related terms

* iemand
* niemand

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

men
* inflection of mennen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Faroese
### Etymology 1

See møna

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [meːn] (noun)
* IPA: [mɛnː] (conjunction)
    Homophone: menn

#### Noun

men f (genitive singular menar, plural menir or menar)
* (rare, Mykines) The spinal cord

##### Synonyms

* (common) møna

### Etymology 2

From Danish men derived from Old Norse meðan (“while”).

#### Conjunction

men
* but

## Fula
### Pronoun

men
* first person plural exclusive;short form we, us

#### Usage notes

* Used in Pular.

#### Dialectal variants

* min (Pulaar, Adamawa, Dageeja, Fouta-toro, Liptaako, Sokoto, Zaria, Gombe)

#### See also

* enen
* menen
* meɗen
* hiɗen

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
* Ritsuko Miyamoto (1993) “A Study of Fula Dialects : Examining the Continuous/Stative Constructions”, in Senri Ethnological Studies‎, volume 35, →DOI, pages 215-230

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology 1

From French main (“hand”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛ̃/

#### Noun

men
* hand

### Etymology 2

From French mais (“but”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛ̃/

#### Conjunction

men
* but

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse men, from Proto-Germanic *manją. Compare Old English mene.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɛːn/
* Rhymes: -ɛːn

### Noun

men n (genitive singular mens, nominative plural men)
* necklace, especially one with a pendant

#### Derived terms

* hálsmen (“pendant necklace”)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmen/
* Rhymes: -en
* Hyphenation: mén

### Adverb

men (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of meno

### Contraction

men
* (literary, archaic) Contraction of me ne.
** 1723, Anton Maria Salvini, transl., Iliade [Iliad]‎, Milan: Giovanni Gaetano Tartini, Santi Franchi, translation of Ἰλιάς (Iliás) by Homer, Book I, page 9:Men vo alle navi, appo aver fatte in guerra ben gravi, e dure, e faticose impreseI return to the ships, after grave, hard and laborious war endeavours

## Japanese
### Romanization

men
* Rōmaji transcription of めん

## Kazakh
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /men/, [mʲe̘n]

#### Pronoun

men
* I (first-person singular nominative and disjunctive pronoun)

##### Derived terms

* mensız (“without me”)
* menşık

##### See also

| number | person | nominative | genitive | dative | accusative | locative | ablative | instrumental |
| singular | first | мен (men) | менің (menıñ) | маған (mağan) | мені (menı) | менде (mende) | менен (menen) | менімен (menımen) |
| singular | second | сен (sen) | сенің (senıñ) | саған (sağan) | сені (senı) | сенде (sende) | сенен (senen) | сенімен (senımen) |
| singular | second (formal) | сіз (sız) | сіздің (sızdıñ) | сізге (sızge) | сізді (sızdı) | сізде (sızde) | сізден (sızden) | сізбен (sızben) |
| singular | third | ол (ol) | оның (onyñ) | оған (oğan) | оны (ony) | онда (onda) | одан (odan) | онымен (onymen) |
| plural | first | біз (bız) | біздің (bızdıñ) | бізге (bızge) | бізді (bızdı) | бізде (bızde) | бізден (bızden) | бізбен (bızben) |
| plural | second | сендер (sender) | сендердің (senderdıñ) | сендерге (senderge) | сендерді (senderdı) | сендерде (senderde) | сендерден (senderden) | сендермен (sendermen) |
| plural | second (formal) | сіздер (sızder) | сіздердің (sızderdıñ) | сіздерге (sızderge) | сіздерді (sızderdı) | сіздерде (sızderde) | сіздерден (sızderden) | сіздермен (sızdermen) |
| plural | third | олар (olar) | олардың (olardyñ) | оларға (olarğa) | оларды (olardy) | оларда (olarda) | олардан (olardan) | олармен (olarmen) |

### Etymology 2

Haplologised variant of менен (menen), from original برلان (birlān /⁠birlän⁠/, attested to be pronounced as mınen).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /men/, [mʲe̘n]

#### Conjunction

men
* and
    ata men ana ― father and mother

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

From French main (“hand”).

### Noun

men
* hand

## Macaguán
### Noun

men
* water
* river

### References

* Edgar Buenaventura, Observaciones preliminares acerca del idioma macaguán: Apuntes culturales, fonología, apuntes gramaticales, vocabulário macaguán – español (1993)

## Mandarin
### Romanization

men (men$^5$ / men$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄇㄣ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 們 / 们

### Romanization

men
* Nonstandard spelling of mēn.
* Nonstandard spelling of mén.
* Nonstandard spelling of mèn.
* Nonstandard spelling of mê̄n.

#### Usage notes

* 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. ㄝ (/⁠ɛ⁠/) typically only occurs in syllables with an initial glide (e.g. ㄧㄝ (-ie /⁠i̯ɛ⁠/)), where it is romanized as e. When it occurs in syllables without an initial glide, however, it is romanized as ê in order to distinguish it from ㄜ (-e /⁠ɤ⁠/). Such instances are rare, and are only found in interjections or neologisms.
* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

An unstressed variety of man.

### Pronoun

men
* someone
* one, they, you, people; impersonal pronoun.

#### Inflection

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: men
* Limburgish: me

### Further reading

* “men”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “men (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

men
* Alternative form of man (“one, you”)

### Etymology 2

From Old English menn, plural of mann, from Proto-Germanic *manniz, plural of *mann-.

#### Noun

men
* plural of man (“man”)

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

An unstressed pronunciation of mònn (“man”). Compare German man, Dutch men for a similar construct.

### Pronoun

men
* one, you (indefinite pronoun)
    Bou mu men parkiarn? ― Where can you park?

### References

* “men” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

Via Swedish and Danish men, same origin as Old Norse meðan (“while”).

#### Conjunction

men
* But, however; introducing a clause that contrasts with the preceding clause, sentence or common belief.
* though
* only
    Han er en fin kar, men han snakker litt for mye. – He is a nice guy, but he talks a bit too much.

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse mein.

#### Alternative forms

* mein

#### Noun

men
* damage; injury (also mén)
* permanent disability
* difficulty; drawback

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

men
* imperative of mene

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛnː/
* Homophone: menn

### Etymology 1

Via Swedish and Danish men, same origin as Old Norse meðan (“while”).

#### Conjunction

men
* but, however; introducing a clause that contrasts with the preceding clause, sentence or common belief.
* though
* only

### Etymology 2

From men.

#### Noun

men n (definite singular menet, uncountable)
* difficulty

### References

* “men” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *manją. Cognate with Old English mene.

### Noun

men n (genitive mens, plural men)
* necklace

#### Derived terms

* Brísingamen
* menglǫtuðr (“ring-destroyer; kenning for a wealthy ruler”)

## Pohnpeian
### Verb

men
* to want

## Salar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ben.

### Pronoun

men
* First singular personal pronoun; I.

#### See also
### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “men”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 224
* 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “men”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎, Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 53
* 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “men”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎, 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 111
* Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “men”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 180
* 张, 进锋 (Ayso Cañ Cinfen) (2008) 乌璐别格 (Ulubeğ), 鄭初陽 (Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ), editors, Salar İbret Sözler 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar Proverbs]‎, China Salar Youth League, page 43

## Sherbro
### Noun

men (plural menti)
* (chiefly in the plural) water

### References

* James Frederick Schön, James Frederick Schön, Sherbro Vocabulary (1839), page 24

## Spanish
### Noun

men m pl
* plural of man
* (Peru, colloquial) dude

## Sumerian
### Romanization

men
* Romanization of 𒃞 (men)

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish men, from Middle Low German men, man (“but, only”), probably from Old Saxon niwan; possibly under the influence of Old Swedish men (“while, during”) (modern Swedish medan, medans, mens). Cognate with modern Low German man.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛn/
* Audio:(file)

#### Conjunction

men
* but; introducing a clause that contrasts with the preceding clause, sentence or common belief.
* yet, but, however
    John har bott i staden i fem år, men aldrig besökt slottet.John has lived in the city for five years, yet never visited the castle.

##### Derived terms

* om och men

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse mein, cognate with Icelandic mein, Norwegian mein, Old Saxon mēn, Old English mān; cognate with Icelandic meinn (“which causes injury”), Old English mǣne (“evil, deceptive”, adj), Lithuanian maĭnas (“change”, noun), Proto-Slavic *měna (“change”, noun); from the Proto-Indo-European root *mei- (“to switch”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meːn/

#### Noun

men n
* a handicap, long-time remnant of a physical or mental injury, which affects a person negatively

##### Related terms

* menlös

##### See also

* lyte och men

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɛn/
* Hyphenation: men

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish منع (menʾ, “a preventing, hindering, hindrance, a forbidding, prohibition”), from Arabic مَنْع (manʕ, “prevention”), verbal noun of مَنَعَ (manaʕa, “to hinder, to prevent, to repel”).

#### Noun

men (definite accusative meni, plural menler)
* An act of prohibiting, forbidding
    Synonym: yasaklama
* An act of preventing, hindering
    Synonyms: engel olma, önleme

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
men
menler
definite accusative
meni
menleri
dative
mene
menlere
locative
mende
menlerde
ablative
menden
menlerden
genitive
menin
menlerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
menim
menlerim
2nd singular
menin
menlerin
3rd singular
meni
menleri
1st plural
menimiz
menlerimiz
2nd plural
meniniz
menleriniz
3rd plural
menleri
menleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
menimi
menlerimi
2nd singular
menini
menlerini
3rd singular
menini
menlerini
1st plural
menimizi
menlerimizi
2nd plural
meninizi
menlerinizi
3rd plural
menlerini
menlerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
menime
menlerime
2nd singular
menine
menlerine
3rd singular
menine
menlerine
1st plural
menimize
menlerimize
2nd plural
meninize
menlerinize
3rd plural
menlerine
menlerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
menimde
menlerimde
2nd singular
meninde
menlerinde
3rd singular
meninde
menlerinde
1st plural
menimizde
menlerimizde
2nd plural
meninizde
menlerinizde
3rd plural
menlerinde
menlerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
menimden
menlerimden
2nd singular
meninden
menlerinden
3rd singular
meninden
menlerinden
1st plural
menimizden
menlerimizden
2nd plural
meninizden
menlerinizden
3rd plural
menlerinden
menlerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
menimin
menlerimin
2nd singular
meninin
menlerinin
3rd singular
meninin
menlerinin
1st plural
menimizin
menlerimizin
2nd plural
meninizin
menlerinizin
3rd plural
menlerinin
menlerinin :

##### Derived terms

* menedilmek
* menetmek

##### Related terms

* imtina
* mani
* memnu
* mümteni

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I, me”).

#### Pronoun

men
* (dialectal) I, me
    Synonym: (standard) ben

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “منع”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2006
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “منع”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1235
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “men”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bẹ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ben”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “men”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “men”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3132

## Turkmen
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”). Compare Turkish ben (“I”).

### Pronoun

men
* (personal) I

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “men” in Enedilim.com
* “men” in Webonary.org

## Uyghur
### Pronoun

men
* Latin (ULY) transcription of مەن (men)

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai من (min /⁠men⁠/), from Proto-Turkic *be-n (“I”). Cognate with Uyghur مەن / men / мән; Turkish ben; Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n² /⁠bän⁠/); etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛn/, [mɛn]
* Hyphenation: men

### Pronoun

men
* (personal) I

#### Declension
### See also
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mɛn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [mɛŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [mɛŋ˧˧]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *-mɛːn.

#### Noun

men • (綿, 𥽔, 𥾃)
* yeast
* (biochemistry) enzyme
* alcohol (in terms of its euphorigenic or intoxicating effects)

##### Derived terms

* ma men
* men tiêu hoá
* thuốc men

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Seems like a borrowing from a Western language at first glance but does not hold up at closer look on phonological ground. Earliest attestation I can find is in Như Tây nhựt trình (1889).”

#### Noun

men
* enamel
* (ceramics) glaze

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

men • (綿, 眠)
* to approach, to go along

##### Derived terms

* men theo
* mon men

### Anagrams

* nem

## Volapük
### Etymology

From German Mann and English man, both from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /men/

### Noun

men
* man (male or female), human, human being
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:Blod mena at binom sudik.The brother of this man is deaf.

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Hyponyms

* cil (“child”)
* himen (“male human”)
* jimen (“female human”)

## Welsh
### Etymology

Variant of earlier ben, from Proto-Celtic *bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛn/

### Noun

men f (plural menni or mennau)
* (vehicles) cart, wagon

#### Synonyms

* cart
* certwain
* trol
* wagen

#### Derived terms

* Men Carl, Men Siarlmaen, Men Siarlys (“Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “men”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Wutunhua
### Etymology

From Mandarin 門／门.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mə̃]

### Noun

men
* door
    men kai-di-li.The door is kept open.(Quoted in Sandman, p. 182)

### References

* Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
* Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN