# fustaneum
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* fūstāgnum, fūstānium, fūstānum, fūstiānum

### Etymology

An ellipsis of (pannus) fustāneus or (tela) fustānea, of uncertain origin; often taken to be from the name of the city الفُسْطَاط (al-fusṭāṭ) via an Arabic فُسْتَان (fustān, “dress”). However, the late attestation and formal variation of the Arabic word means that it is likely ultimately from Medieval Latin or one of its Romance descendants. Alternatively, some have derived this word from fūstis (“stick”) +‎ -āneus (in reference to plant textiles), possibly as a calque of Ancient Greek ξύλινα λίνα (xúlina lína, literally “wooden flax”); for the semantics, compare German Baumwolle.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /fuːsˈtaː.ne.um/, [fuːs̠ˈt̪äːneʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /fusˈta.ne.um/, [fusˈt̪äːneum]

### Noun

fūstāneum n (genitive fūstāneī); second declension (Medieval Latin, Renaissance Latin)
* A fabric ancestral to modern fustian.
* A dress or petticoat.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | fūstāneum | fūstānea |
| Genitive | fūstāneī | fūstāneōrum |
| Dative | fūstāneō | fūstāneīs |
| Accusative | fūstāneum | fūstānea |
| Ablative | fūstāneō | fūstāneīs |
| Vocative | fūstāneum | fūstānea |

#### Related terms

* fūstāneus

#### Descendants

* Old Catalan: fustany
** Catalan: fustany
* Franco-Provençal: futaine
* Old French: fustaine, fustagne, fustaigne, fustaingne, fustane, fusteine
** Middle French: fustaine, futaine
*** Bourguignon: fetaine, futaine, futainne
*** French: futaine
**** → Breton: futein
**** → Esperanto: fusteno (with influence from English)
***** Ido: fusteno
**** → Luxembourgish: Fitteng
**** → Occitan: futène
*** Franc-Comtois: feutaine, feutainne
*** Picard: futane
*** Walloon: futinne
*** → Middle Dutch: fustein
**** Dutch: fustein
** → Middle English: fustian, ffustean, ffusteyn, fostyon, fusten, fusteyn, fustyan, fustyane
*** English: fustian
*** ⇒ Scots: foustie
** → Old Norse: fustan
* Italian: fustagno, frustagno (dialectal)
** → Greek: φουστάνι (foustáni)
*** → Ottoman Turkish: فستان (fistan, fustan)
**** Turkish: fistan, (dialectal) fustan, fıstan, fiston, fisdan
**** → Albanian: fistan, fustan
**** → Armenian: ֆիստան (fistan), ֆստան (fstan) — Van, ֆիսդան (fisdan)
**** → Bulgarian: фиста́н (fistán), фуста́н (fustán)
**** → Hungarian: fosztán, foszlán, fosztány, foszlány, foszlyán, foszláng, foszláncz, foszlánk
**** → Ladino: fostan
**** → Macedonian: фустан (fustan), (dialectal) фастан (fastan), фистан (fistan)
**** → Persian: فستان (festân)
**** → Serbo-Croatian: fìstān, fùstān, vìstān / фѝста̄н, фу̀ста̄н, вѝста̄н
* Old Occitan: fustani
* Old Spanish: fustanyo
** Spanish: fustaño
* Sicilian: fustanu
* →? Arabic: فُسْتَان (fustān), فُسْطَان (fusṭān), فُشْطَان (fušṭān), فُشْطَال (fušṭāl) — the last two obsolete
** Hijazi Arabic: فستان (fustān)
** South Levantine Arabic: فستان (fustān), فستيان (fustyān), فصطان (fuṣṭān)
** → Old Galician-Portuguese: fustã, fustam
*** Portuguese: fustão
** → Old Spanish: fustán
*** Spanish: fustán, fustal

### References

* ↑ “fustaneum, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “fustaneum, n. and adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2022.
* ↑ J. F. Niermeyer, editor (1957), “fustaneum”, in Mediae Latinatis Lexicon Minus, volume 5, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 459.
* ↑ Maureen Fennell Mazzaoui (1981 July 9) The Italian Cotton Industry in the Later Middle Ages, 1100-1600‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 199.
* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fūstis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 918.