# exacerbar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exacerbāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əɡ.zə.sərˈba]
* IPA: (Valencia) [eɡ.za.seɾˈbaɾ]

### Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbí, past participle exacerbat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* (transitive) to exacerbate

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | exacerbar | exacerbar | exacerbar | exacerbar | exacerbar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | exacerbant | exacerbant | exacerbant | exacerbant | exacerbant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | exacerbat | exacerbat | exacerbada | exacerbada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | exacerbats | exacerbats | exacerbades | exacerbades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | exacerbo | exacerbes | exacerba | exacerbem | exacerbeu | exacerben |
| indicative | imperfect | exacerbava | exacerbaves | exacerbava | exacerbàvem | exacerbàveu | exacerbaven |
| indicative | future | exacerbaré | exacerbaràs | exacerbarà | exacerbarem | exacerbareu | exacerbaran |
| indicative | preterite | exacerbí | exacerbares | exacerbà | exacerbàrem | exacerbàreu | exacerbaren |
| indicative | conditional | exacerbaria | exacerbaries | exacerbaria | exacerbaríem | exacerbaríeu | exacerbarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | exacerbi | exacerbis | exacerbi | exacerbem | exacerbeu | exacerbin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | exacerbés | exacerbessis | exacerbés | exacerbéssim | exacerbéssiu | exacerbessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | exacerba | exacerbi | exacerbem | exacerbeu | exacerbin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no exacerbis | no exacerbi | no exacerbem | no exacerbeu | no exacerbin |

### Further reading

* “exacerbar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “exacerbar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “exacerbar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “exacerbar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin exacerbō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eksaθeɾˈbaɾ/ [ek.s̺a.θeɾˈβ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (standard) /eksaθeɾˈbaɾ/ [ek.s̺a.θeɾˈβ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (seseo) /eksaseɾˈbaɾ/ [ek.sa.seɾˈβ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Hyphenation: e‧xa‧cer‧bar

### Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbei, past participle exacerbado)
* to exacerbate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Further reading

* “exacerbar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
* “exacerbar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exacerbāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /e.za.seʁˈba(ʁ)/ [e.za.seɦˈba(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /e.za.seʁˈba(ʁ)/ [e.za.seɦˈba(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /e.za.seɾˈba(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /e.za.seʁˈba(ʁ)/ [e.za.seʁˈba(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /e.za.seɻˈba(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.zɐ.sɨɾˈbaɾ/ [i.zɐ.sɨɾˈβaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.zɐ.sɨɾˈbaɾ/ [i.zɐ.sɨɾˈβaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /i.zɐ.sɨɾˈba.ɾi/ [i.zɐ.sɨɾˈβa.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: e‧xa‧cer‧bar

### Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbei, past participle exacerbado)
* to exacerbate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “exacerbar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin exacerbāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /eɡsaθeɾˈbaɾ/ [eɣ̞.sa.θeɾˈβ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /eɡsaseɾˈbaɾ/ [eɣ̞.sa.seɾˈβ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: e‧xa‧cer‧bar

### Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbé, past participle exacerbado)
* to exacerbate

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | exacerbar | exacerbar | exacerbar | exacerbar | exacerbar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | exacerbando | exacerbando | exacerbando | exacerbando | exacerbando |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | exacerbado | exacerbado | exacerbada | exacerbada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | exacerbados | exacerbados | exacerbadas | exacerbadas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | exacerbo | exacerbas$^{tú}$ exacerbás$^{vos}$ | exacerba | exacerbamos | exacerbáis | exacerban |
| indicative | imperfect | exacerbaba | exacerbabas | exacerbaba | exacerbábamos | exacerbabais | exacerbaban |
| indicative | preterite | exacerbé | exacerbaste | exacerbó | exacerbamos | exacerbasteis | exacerbaron |
| indicative | future | exacerbaré | exacerbarás | exacerbará | exacerbaremos | exacerbaréis | exacerbarán |
| indicative | conditional | exacerbaría | exacerbarías | exacerbaría | exacerbaríamos | exacerbaríais | exacerbarían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | exacerbe | exacerbes$^{tú}$ exacerbés$^{vos2}$ | exacerbe | exacerbemos | exacerbéis | exacerben |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | exacerbara | exacerbaras | exacerbara | exacerbáramos | exacerbarais | exacerbaran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | exacerbase | exacerbases | exacerbase | exacerbásemos | exacerbaseis | exacerbasen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | exacerbare | exacerbares | exacerbare | exacerbáremos | exacerbareis | exacerbaren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | exacerba$^{tú}$ exacerbá$^{vos}$ | exacerbe | exacerbemos | exacerbad | exacerben |
| imperative | negative | | no exacerbes | no exacerbe | no exacerbemos | no exacerbéis | no exacerben |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “exacerbar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014