# khumuka
## Zulu
### Etymology

Derived from the ideophone khumu.

### Verb

-khumúka
* to come off, to come out

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukukhumuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukukhumuka | ukungakhumuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | khumuka | -khumuke |
| Plural | khumukani | -khumukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhumuka, ngikhumuka | engikhumukayo, engikhumuka | ngikhumuka | angikhumuki | engingakhumuki | ngingakhumuki |
| 2nd singular | uyakhumuka, ukhumuka | okhumukayo, okhumuka | ukhumuka | awukhumuki | ongakhumuki | ungakhumuki |
| 1st plural | siyakhumuka, sikhumuka | esikhumukayo, esikhumuka | sikhumuka | asikhumuki | esingakhumuki | singakhumuki |
| 2nd plural | niyakhumuka, nikhumuka | enikhumukayo, enikhumuka | nikhumuka | anikhumuki | eningakhumuki | ningakhumuki |
| Class 1 | uyakhumuka, ukhumuka | okhumukayo, okhumuka | ekhumuka | akakhumuki | ongakhumuki | engakhumuki |
| Class 2 | bayakhumuka, bakhumuka | abakhumukayo, abakhumuka | bekhumuka | abakhumuki | abangakhumuki | bengakhumuki |
| Class 3 | uyakhumuka, ukhumuka | okhumukayo, okhumuka | ukhumuka | awukhumuki | ongakhumuki | ungakhumuki |
| Class 4 | iyakhumuka, ikhumuka | ekhumukayo, ekhumuka | ikhumuka | ayikhumuki | engakhumuki | ingakhumuki |
| Class 5 | liyakhumuka, likhumuka | elikhumukayo, elikhumuka | likhumuka | alikhumuki | elingakhumuki | lingakhumuki |
| Class 6 | ayakhumuka, akhumuka | akhumukayo, akhumuka | ekhumuka | awakhumuki | angakhumuki | engakhumuki |
| Class 7 | siyakhumuka, sikhumuka | esikhumukayo, esikhumuka | sikhumuka | asikhumuki | esingakhumuki | singakhumuki |
| Class 8 | ziyakhumuka, zikhumuka | ezikhumukayo, ezikhumuka | zikhumuka | azikhumuki | ezingakhumuki | zingakhumuki |
| Class 9 | iyakhumuka, ikhumuka | ekhumukayo, ekhumuka | ikhumuka | ayikhumuki | engakhumuki | ingakhumuki |
| Class 10 | ziyakhumuka, zikhumuka | ezikhumukayo, ezikhumuka | zikhumuka | azikhumuki | ezingakhumuki | zingakhumuki |
| Class 11 | luyakhumuka, lukhumuka | olukhumukayo, olukhumuka | lukhumuka | alukhumuki | olungakhumuki | lungakhumuki |
| Class 14 | buyakhumuka, bukhumuka | obukhumukayo, obukhumuka | bukhumuka | abukhumuki | obungakhumuki | bungakhumuki |
| Class 15 | kuyakhumuka, kukhumuka | okukhumukayo, okukhumuka | kukhumuka | akukhumuki | okungakhumuki | kungakhumuki |
| Class 17 | kuyakhumuka, kukhumuka | okukhumukayo, okukhumuka | kukhumuka | akukhumuki | okungakhumuki | kungakhumuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngikhumukile, ngikhumukē | engikhumukile, engikhumukē | ngikhumukile, ngikhumukē | angikhumukanga | engingakhumukanga | ngingakhumukanga |
| 2nd singular | ukhumukile, ukhumukē | okhumukile, okhumukē | ukhumukile, ukhumukē | awukhumukanga | ongakhumukanga | ungakhumukanga |
| 1st plural | sikhumukile, sikhumukē | esikhumukile, esikhumukē | sikhumukile, sikhumukē | asikhumukanga | esingakhumukanga | singakhumukanga |
| 2nd plural | nikhumukile, nikhumukē | enikhumukile, enikhumukē | nikhumukile, nikhumukē | anikhumukanga | eningakhumukanga | ningakhumukanga |
| Class 1 | ukhumukile, ukhumukē | okhumukile, okhumukē | ekhumukile, ekhumukē | akakhumukanga | ongakhumukanga | engakhumukanga |
| Class 2 | bakhumukile, bakhumukē | abakhumukile, abakhumukē | bekhumukile, bekhumukē | abakhumukanga | abangakhumukanga | bengakhumukanga |
| Class 3 | ukhumukile, ukhumukē | okhumukile, okhumukē | ukhumukile, ukhumukē | awukhumukanga | ongakhumukanga | ungakhumukanga |
| Class 4 | ikhumukile, ikhumukē | ekhumukile, ekhumukē | ikhumukile, ikhumukē | ayikhumukanga | engakhumukanga | ingakhumukanga |
| Class 5 | likhumukile, likhumukē | elikhumukile, elikhumukē | likhumukile, likhumukē | alikhumukanga | elingakhumukanga | lingakhumukanga |
| Class 6 | akhumukile, akhumukē | akhumukile, akhumukē | ekhumukile, ekhumukē | awakhumukanga | angakhumukanga | engakhumukanga |
| Class 7 | sikhumukile, sikhumukē | esikhumukile, esikhumukē | sikhumukile, sikhumukē | asikhumukanga | esingakhumukanga | singakhumukanga |
| Class 8 | zikhumukile, zikhumukē | ezikhumukile, ezikhumukē | zikhumukile, zikhumukē | azikhumukanga | ezingakhumukanga | zingakhumukanga |
| Class 9 | ikhumukile, ikhumukē | ekhumukile, ekhumukē | ikhumukile, ikhumukē | ayikhumukanga | engakhumukanga | ingakhumukanga |
| Class 10 | zikhumukile, zikhumukē | ezikhumukile, ezikhumukē | zikhumukile, zikhumukē | azikhumukanga | ezingakhumukanga | zingakhumukanga |
| Class 11 | lukhumukile, lukhumukē | olukhumukile, olukhumukē | lukhumukile, lukhumukē | alukhumukanga | olungakhumukanga | lungakhumukanga |
| Class 14 | bukhumukile, bukhumukē | obukhumukile, obukhumukē | bukhumukile, bukhumukē | abukhumukanga | obungakhumukanga | bungakhumukanga |
| Class 15 | kukhumukile, kukhumukē | okukhumukile, okukhumukē | kukhumukile, kukhumukē | akukhumukanga | okungakhumukanga | kungakhumukanga |
| Class 17 | kukhumukile, kukhumukē | okukhumukile, okukhumukē | kukhumukile, kukhumukē | akukhumukanga | okungakhumukanga | kungakhumukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhumuka | engākhumuka | ngākhumuka | angikhumukanga | engingakhumukanga | ngingakhumukanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhumuka | owākhumuka | wākhumuka | awukhumukanga | ongakhumukanga | ungakhumukanga |
| 1st plural | sākhumuka | esākhumuka | sākhumuka | asikhumukanga | esingakhumukanga | singakhumukanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhumuka | enākhumuka | nākhumuka | anikhumukanga | eningakhumukanga | ningakhumukanga |
| Class 1 | wākhumuka | owākhumuka | ākhumuka | akakhumukanga | ongakhumukanga | engakhumukanga |
| Class 2 | bākhumuka | abākhumuka | bākhumuka | abakhumukanga | abangakhumukanga | bengakhumukanga |
| Class 3 | wākhumuka | owākhumuka | wākhumuka | awukhumukanga | ongakhumukanga | ungakhumukanga |
| Class 4 | yākhumuka | eyākhumuka | yākhumuka | ayikhumukanga | engakhumukanga | ingakhumukanga |
| Class 5 | lākhumuka | elākhumuka | lākhumuka | alikhumukanga | elingakhumukanga | lingakhumukanga |
| Class 6 | ākhumuka | ākhumuka | ākhumuka | awakhumukanga | angakhumukanga | engakhumukanga |
| Class 7 | sākhumuka | esākhumuka | sākhumuka | asikhumukanga | esingakhumukanga | singakhumukanga |
| Class 8 | zākhumuka | ezākhumuka | zākhumuka | azikhumukanga | ezingakhumukanga | zingakhumukanga |
| Class 9 | yākhumuka | eyākhumuka | yākhumuka | ayikhumukanga | engakhumukanga | ingakhumukanga |
| Class 10 | zākhumuka | ezākhumuka | zākhumuka | azikhumukanga | ezingakhumukanga | zingakhumukanga |
| Class 11 | lwākhumuka | olwākhumuka | lwākhumuka | alukhumukanga | olungakhumukanga | lungakhumukanga |
| Class 14 | bākhumuka | obākhumuka | bākhumuka | abukhumukanga | obungakhumukanga | bungakhumukanga |
| Class 15 | kwākhumuka | okwākhumuka | kwākhumuka | akukhumukanga | okungakhumukanga | kungakhumukanga |
| Class 17 | kwākhumuka | okwākhumuka | kwākhumuka | akukhumukanga | okungakhumukanga | kungakhumukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhumuka | — | ngingakhumuka | ngingekhumuke | — | ngingekhumuke |
| 2nd singular | ungakhumuka | — | ungakhumuka | ungekhumuke | — | ungekhumuke |
| 1st plural | singakhumuka | — | singakhumuka | singekhumuke | — | singekhumuke |
| 2nd plural | ningakhumuka | — | ningakhumuka | ningekhumuke | — | ningekhumuke |
| Class 1 | angakhumuka | — | engakhumuka | angekhumuke | — | engekhumuke |
| Class 2 | bangakhumuka | — | bengakhumuka | bangekhumuke | — | bengekhumuke |
| Class 3 | ungakhumuka | — | ungakhumuka | ungekhumuke | — | ungekhumuke |
| Class 4 | ingakhumuka | — | ingakhumuka | ingekhumuke | — | ingekhumuke |
| Class 5 | lingakhumuka | — | lingakhumuka | lingekhumuke | — | lingekhumuke |
| Class 6 | angakhumuka | — | engakhumuka | angekhumuke | — | engekhumuke |
| Class 7 | singakhumuka | — | singakhumuka | singekhumuke | — | singekhumuke |
| Class 8 | zingakhumuka | — | zingakhumuka | zingekhumuke | — | zingekhumuke |
| Class 9 | ingakhumuka | — | ingakhumuka | ingekhumuke | — | ingekhumuke |
| Class 10 | zingakhumuka | — | zingakhumuka | zingekhumuke | — | zingekhumuke |
| Class 11 | lungakhumuka | — | lungakhumuka | lungekhumuke | — | lungekhumuke |
| Class 14 | bungakhumuka | — | bungakhumuka | bungekhumuke | — | bungekhumuke |
| Class 15 | kungakhumuka | — | kungakhumuka | kungekhumuke | — | kungekhumuke |
| Class 17 | kungakhumuka | — | kungakhumuka | kungekhumuke | — | kungekhumuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokhumuka | engizokhumuka | ngizokhumuka | angizukhumuka | engingezukhumuka | ngingezukhumuka |
| 2nd singular | uzokhumuka | ozokhumuka | uzokhumuka | awuzukhumuka | ongezukhumuka | ungezukhumuka |
| 1st plural | sizokhumuka | esizokhumuka | sizokhumuka | asizukhumuka | esingezukhumuka | singezukhumuka |
| 2nd plural | nizokhumuka | enizokhumuka | nizokhumuka | anizukhumuka | eningezukhumuka | ningezukhumuka |
| Class 1 | uzokhumuka | ozokhumuka | ezokhumuka | akazukhumuka | ongezukhumuka | engezukhumuka |
| Class 2 | bazokhumuka | abazokhumuka | bezokhumuka | abazukhumuka | abangezukhumuka | bengezukhumuka |
| Class 3 | uzokhumuka | ozokhumuka | uzokhumuka | awuzukhumuka | ongezukhumuka | ungezukhumuka |
| Class 4 | izokhumuka | ezokhumuka | izokhumuka | ayizukhumuka | engezukhumuka | ingezukhumuka |
| Class 5 | lizokhumuka | elizokhumuka | lizokhumuka | alizukhumuka | elingezukhumuka | lingezukhumuka |
| Class 6 | azokhumuka | azokhumuka | ezokhumuka | awazukhumuka | angezukhumuka | engezukhumuka |
| Class 7 | sizokhumuka | esizokhumuka | sizokhumuka | asizukhumuka | esingezukhumuka | singezukhumuka |
| Class 8 | zizokhumuka | ezizokhumuka | zizokhumuka | azizukhumuka | ezingezukhumuka | zingezukhumuka |
| Class 9 | izokhumuka | ezokhumuka | izokhumuka | ayizukhumuka | engezukhumuka | ingezukhumuka |
| Class 10 | zizokhumuka | ezizokhumuka | zizokhumuka | azizukhumuka | ezingezukhumuka | zingezukhumuka |
| Class 11 | luzokhumuka | oluzokhumuka | luzokhumuka | aluzukhumuka | olungezukhumuka | lungezukhumuka |
| Class 14 | buzokhumuka | obuzokhumuka | buzokhumuka | abuzukhumuka | obungezukhumuka | bungezukhumuka |
| Class 15 | kuzokhumuka | okuzokhumuka | kuzokhumuka | akuzukhumuka | okungezukhumuka | kungezukhumuka |
| Class 17 | kuzokhumuka | okuzokhumuka | kuzokhumuka | akuzukhumuka | okungezukhumuka | kungezukhumuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhumuka | engiyokhumuka | ngiyokhumuka | angiyukhumuka | engingeyukhumuka | ngingeyukhumuka |
| 2nd singular | uyokhumuka | oyokhumuka | uyokhumuka | awuyukhumuka | ongeyukhumuka | ungeyukhumuka |
| 1st plural | siyokhumuka | esiyokhumuka | siyokhumuka | asiyukhumuka | esingeyukhumuka | singeyukhumuka |
| 2nd plural | niyokhumuka | eniyokhumuka | niyokhumuka | aniyukhumuka | eningeyukhumuka | ningeyukhumuka |
| Class 1 | uyokhumuka | oyokhumuka | eyokhumuka | akayukhumuka | ongeyukhumuka | engeyukhumuka |
| Class 2 | bayokhumuka | abayokhumuka | beyokhumuka | abayukhumuka | abangeyukhumuka | bengeyukhumuka |
| Class 3 | uyokhumuka | oyokhumuka | uyokhumuka | awuyukhumuka | ongeyukhumuka | ungeyukhumuka |
| Class 4 | iyokhumuka | eyokhumuka | iyokhumuka | ayiyukhumuka | engeyukhumuka | ingeyukhumuka |
| Class 5 | liyokhumuka | eliyokhumuka | liyokhumuka | aliyukhumuka | elingeyukhumuka | lingeyukhumuka |
| Class 6 | ayokhumuka | ayokhumuka | eyokhumuka | awayukhumuka | angeyukhumuka | engeyukhumuka |
| Class 7 | siyokhumuka | esiyokhumuka | siyokhumuka | asiyukhumuka | esingeyukhumuka | singeyukhumuka |
| Class 8 | ziyokhumuka | eziyokhumuka | ziyokhumuka | aziyukhumuka | ezingeyukhumuka | zingeyukhumuka |
| Class 9 | iyokhumuka | eyokhumuka | iyokhumuka | ayiyukhumuka | engeyukhumuka | ingeyukhumuka |
| Class 10 | ziyokhumuka | eziyokhumuka | ziyokhumuka | aziyukhumuka | ezingeyukhumuka | zingeyukhumuka |
| Class 11 | luyokhumuka | oluyokhumuka | luyokhumuka | aluyukhumuka | olungeyukhumuka | lungeyukhumuka |
| Class 14 | buyokhumuka | obuyokhumuka | buyokhumuka | abuyukhumuka | obungeyukhumuka | bungeyukhumuka |
| Class 15 | kuyokhumuka | okuyokhumuka | kuyokhumuka | akuyukhumuka | okungeyukhumuka | kungeyukhumuka |
| Class 17 | kuyokhumuka | okuyokhumuka | kuyokhumuka | akuyukhumuka | okungeyukhumuka | kungeyukhumuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngikhumuke | ngingakhumuki |
| 2nd singular | ukhumuke | ungakhumuki |
| 1st plural | sikhumuke | singakhumuki |
| 2nd plural | nikhumuke | ningakhumuki |
| Class 1 | akhumuke | angakhumuki |
| Class 2 | bakhumuke | bangakhumuki |
| Class 3 | ukhumuke | ungakhumuki |
| Class 4 | ikhumuke | ingakhumuki |
| Class 5 | likhumuke | lingakhumuki |
| Class 6 | akhumuke | angakhumuki |
| Class 7 | sikhumuke | singakhumuki |
| Class 8 | zikhumuke | zingakhumuki |
| Class 9 | ikhumuke | ingakhumuki |
| Class 10 | zikhumuke | zingakhumuki |
| Class 11 | lukhumuke | lungakhumuki |
| Class 14 | bukhumuke | bungakhumuki |
| Class 15 | kukhumuke | kungakhumuki |
| Class 17 | kukhumuke | kungakhumuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhumuka | ngangakhumuka, angakhumuka, angangakhumuka |
| 2nd singular | wakhumuka | wangakhumuka, awakhumuka, awangakhumuka |
| 1st plural | sakhumuka | sangakhumuka, asakhumuka, asangakhumuka |
| 2nd plural | nakhumuka | nangakhumuka, anakhumuka, anangakhumuka |
| Class 1 | wakhumuka | wangakhumuka, akakhumuka, akangakhumuka |
| Class 2 | bakhumuka | bangakhumuka, abakhumuka, abangakhumuka |
| Class 3 | wakhumuka | wangakhumuka, awakhumuka, awangakhumuka |
| Class 4 | yakhumuka | yangakhumuka, ayakhumuka, ayangakhumuka |
| Class 5 | lakhumuka | langakhumuka, alakhumuka, alangakhumuka |
| Class 6 | akhumuka | angakhumuka, awakhumuka, awangakhumuka |
| Class 7 | sakhumuka | sangakhumuka, asakhumuka, asangakhumuka |
| Class 8 | zakhumuka | zangakhumuka, azakhumuka, azangakhumuka |
| Class 9 | yakhumuka | yangakhumuka, ayakhumuka, ayangakhumuka |
| Class 10 | zakhumuka | zangakhumuka, azakhumuka, azangakhumuka |
| Class 11 | lwakhumuka | lwangakhumuka, alwakhumuka, alwangakhumuka |
| Class 14 | bakhumuka | bangakhumuka, abakhumuka, abangakhumuka |
| Class 15 | kwakhumuka | kwangakhumuka, akwakhumuka, akwangakhumuka |
| Class 17 | kwakhumuka | kwangakhumuka, akwakhumuka, akwangakhumuka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khumuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khumuka (3.2.9)”