# khumbuza
## Northern Ndebele
### Verb

-khúmbúza
* to remind

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Verb

-khúmbúza
* (transitive) to remind
* (transitive) to remember

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

Causative form of -khumbula.

### Verb

-khumbúza
* (transitive) to remind

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukukhumbuza |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukukhumbuza | ukungakhumbuzi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | khumbuza | -khumbuze |
| Plural | khumbuzani | -khumbuzeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhumbuza, ngikhumbuza | engikhumbuzayo, engikhumbuza | ngikhumbuza | angikhumbuzi | engingakhumbuzi | ngingakhumbuzi |
| 2nd singular | uyakhumbuza, ukhumbuza | okhumbuzayo, okhumbuza | ukhumbuza | awukhumbuzi | ongakhumbuzi | ungakhumbuzi |
| 1st plural | siyakhumbuza, sikhumbuza | esikhumbuzayo, esikhumbuza | sikhumbuza | asikhumbuzi | esingakhumbuzi | singakhumbuzi |
| 2nd plural | niyakhumbuza, nikhumbuza | enikhumbuzayo, enikhumbuza | nikhumbuza | anikhumbuzi | eningakhumbuzi | ningakhumbuzi |
| Class 1 | uyakhumbuza, ukhumbuza | okhumbuzayo, okhumbuza | ekhumbuza | akakhumbuzi | ongakhumbuzi | engakhumbuzi |
| Class 2 | bayakhumbuza, bakhumbuza | abakhumbuzayo, abakhumbuza | bekhumbuza | abakhumbuzi | abangakhumbuzi | bengakhumbuzi |
| Class 3 | uyakhumbuza, ukhumbuza | okhumbuzayo, okhumbuza | ukhumbuza | awukhumbuzi | ongakhumbuzi | ungakhumbuzi |
| Class 4 | iyakhumbuza, ikhumbuza | ekhumbuzayo, ekhumbuza | ikhumbuza | ayikhumbuzi | engakhumbuzi | ingakhumbuzi |
| Class 5 | liyakhumbuza, likhumbuza | elikhumbuzayo, elikhumbuza | likhumbuza | alikhumbuzi | elingakhumbuzi | lingakhumbuzi |
| Class 6 | ayakhumbuza, akhumbuza | akhumbuzayo, akhumbuza | ekhumbuza | awakhumbuzi | angakhumbuzi | engakhumbuzi |
| Class 7 | siyakhumbuza, sikhumbuza | esikhumbuzayo, esikhumbuza | sikhumbuza | asikhumbuzi | esingakhumbuzi | singakhumbuzi |
| Class 8 | ziyakhumbuza, zikhumbuza | ezikhumbuzayo, ezikhumbuza | zikhumbuza | azikhumbuzi | ezingakhumbuzi | zingakhumbuzi |
| Class 9 | iyakhumbuza, ikhumbuza | ekhumbuzayo, ekhumbuza | ikhumbuza | ayikhumbuzi | engakhumbuzi | ingakhumbuzi |
| Class 10 | ziyakhumbuza, zikhumbuza | ezikhumbuzayo, ezikhumbuza | zikhumbuza | azikhumbuzi | ezingakhumbuzi | zingakhumbuzi |
| Class 11 | luyakhumbuza, lukhumbuza | olukhumbuzayo, olukhumbuza | lukhumbuza | alukhumbuzi | olungakhumbuzi | lungakhumbuzi |
| Class 14 | buyakhumbuza, bukhumbuza | obukhumbuzayo, obukhumbuza | bukhumbuza | abukhumbuzi | obungakhumbuzi | bungakhumbuzi |
| Class 15 | kuyakhumbuza, kukhumbuza | okukhumbuzayo, okukhumbuza | kukhumbuza | akukhumbuzi | okungakhumbuzi | kungakhumbuzi |
| Class 17 | kuyakhumbuza, kukhumbuza | okukhumbuzayo, okukhumbuza | kukhumbuza | akukhumbuzi | okungakhumbuzi | kungakhumbuzi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngikhumbuzile, ngikhumbuzē | engikhumbuzile, engikhumbuzē | ngikhumbuzile, ngikhumbuzē | angikhumbuzanga | engingakhumbuzanga | ngingakhumbuzanga |
| 2nd singular | ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē | okhumbuzile, okhumbuzē | ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē | awukhumbuzanga | ongakhumbuzanga | ungakhumbuzanga |
| 1st plural | sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē | esikhumbuzile, esikhumbuzē | sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē | asikhumbuzanga | esingakhumbuzanga | singakhumbuzanga |
| 2nd plural | nikhumbuzile, nikhumbuzē | enikhumbuzile, enikhumbuzē | nikhumbuzile, nikhumbuzē | anikhumbuzanga | eningakhumbuzanga | ningakhumbuzanga |
| Class 1 | ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē | okhumbuzile, okhumbuzē | ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē | akakhumbuzanga | ongakhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga |
| Class 2 | bakhumbuzile, bakhumbuzē | abakhumbuzile, abakhumbuzē | bekhumbuzile, bekhumbuzē | abakhumbuzanga | abangakhumbuzanga | bengakhumbuzanga |
| Class 3 | ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē | okhumbuzile, okhumbuzē | ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē | awukhumbuzanga | ongakhumbuzanga | ungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 4 | ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē | ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē | ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē | ayikhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga | ingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 5 | likhumbuzile, likhumbuzē | elikhumbuzile, elikhumbuzē | likhumbuzile, likhumbuzē | alikhumbuzanga | elingakhumbuzanga | lingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 6 | akhumbuzile, akhumbuzē | akhumbuzile, akhumbuzē | ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē | awakhumbuzanga | angakhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga |
| Class 7 | sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē | esikhumbuzile, esikhumbuzē | sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē | asikhumbuzanga | esingakhumbuzanga | singakhumbuzanga |
| Class 8 | zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē | ezikhumbuzile, ezikhumbuzē | zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē | azikhumbuzanga | ezingakhumbuzanga | zingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 9 | ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē | ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē | ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē | ayikhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga | ingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 10 | zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē | ezikhumbuzile, ezikhumbuzē | zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē | azikhumbuzanga | ezingakhumbuzanga | zingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 11 | lukhumbuzile, lukhumbuzē | olukhumbuzile, olukhumbuzē | lukhumbuzile, lukhumbuzē | alukhumbuzanga | olungakhumbuzanga | lungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 14 | bukhumbuzile, bukhumbuzē | obukhumbuzile, obukhumbuzē | bukhumbuzile, bukhumbuzē | abukhumbuzanga | obungakhumbuzanga | bungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 15 | kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē | okukhumbuzile, okukhumbuzē | kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē | akukhumbuzanga | okungakhumbuzanga | kungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 17 | kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē | okukhumbuzile, okukhumbuzē | kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē | akukhumbuzanga | okungakhumbuzanga | kungakhumbuzanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhumbuza | engākhumbuza | ngākhumbuza | angikhumbuzanga | engingakhumbuzanga | ngingakhumbuzanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhumbuza | owākhumbuza | wākhumbuza | awukhumbuzanga | ongakhumbuzanga | ungakhumbuzanga |
| 1st plural | sākhumbuza | esākhumbuza | sākhumbuza | asikhumbuzanga | esingakhumbuzanga | singakhumbuzanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhumbuza | enākhumbuza | nākhumbuza | anikhumbuzanga | eningakhumbuzanga | ningakhumbuzanga |
| Class 1 | wākhumbuza | owākhumbuza | ākhumbuza | akakhumbuzanga | ongakhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga |
| Class 2 | bākhumbuza | abākhumbuza | bākhumbuza | abakhumbuzanga | abangakhumbuzanga | bengakhumbuzanga |
| Class 3 | wākhumbuza | owākhumbuza | wākhumbuza | awukhumbuzanga | ongakhumbuzanga | ungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 4 | yākhumbuza | eyākhumbuza | yākhumbuza | ayikhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga | ingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 5 | lākhumbuza | elākhumbuza | lākhumbuza | alikhumbuzanga | elingakhumbuzanga | lingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 6 | ākhumbuza | ākhumbuza | ākhumbuza | awakhumbuzanga | angakhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga |
| Class 7 | sākhumbuza | esākhumbuza | sākhumbuza | asikhumbuzanga | esingakhumbuzanga | singakhumbuzanga |
| Class 8 | zākhumbuza | ezākhumbuza | zākhumbuza | azikhumbuzanga | ezingakhumbuzanga | zingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 9 | yākhumbuza | eyākhumbuza | yākhumbuza | ayikhumbuzanga | engakhumbuzanga | ingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 10 | zākhumbuza | ezākhumbuza | zākhumbuza | azikhumbuzanga | ezingakhumbuzanga | zingakhumbuzanga |
| Class 11 | lwākhumbuza | olwākhumbuza | lwākhumbuza | alukhumbuzanga | olungakhumbuzanga | lungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 14 | bākhumbuza | obākhumbuza | bākhumbuza | abukhumbuzanga | obungakhumbuzanga | bungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 15 | kwākhumbuza | okwākhumbuza | kwākhumbuza | akukhumbuzanga | okungakhumbuzanga | kungakhumbuzanga |
| Class 17 | kwākhumbuza | okwākhumbuza | kwākhumbuza | akukhumbuzanga | okungakhumbuzanga | kungakhumbuzanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhumbuza | — | ngingakhumbuza | ngingekhumbuze | — | ngingekhumbuze |
| 2nd singular | ungakhumbuza | — | ungakhumbuza | ungekhumbuze | — | ungekhumbuze |
| 1st plural | singakhumbuza | — | singakhumbuza | singekhumbuze | — | singekhumbuze |
| 2nd plural | ningakhumbuza | — | ningakhumbuza | ningekhumbuze | — | ningekhumbuze |
| Class 1 | angakhumbuza | — | engakhumbuza | angekhumbuze | — | engekhumbuze |
| Class 2 | bangakhumbuza | — | bengakhumbuza | bangekhumbuze | — | bengekhumbuze |
| Class 3 | ungakhumbuza | — | ungakhumbuza | ungekhumbuze | — | ungekhumbuze |
| Class 4 | ingakhumbuza | — | ingakhumbuza | ingekhumbuze | — | ingekhumbuze |
| Class 5 | lingakhumbuza | — | lingakhumbuza | lingekhumbuze | — | lingekhumbuze |
| Class 6 | angakhumbuza | — | engakhumbuza | angekhumbuze | — | engekhumbuze |
| Class 7 | singakhumbuza | — | singakhumbuza | singekhumbuze | — | singekhumbuze |
| Class 8 | zingakhumbuza | — | zingakhumbuza | zingekhumbuze | — | zingekhumbuze |
| Class 9 | ingakhumbuza | — | ingakhumbuza | ingekhumbuze | — | ingekhumbuze |
| Class 10 | zingakhumbuza | — | zingakhumbuza | zingekhumbuze | — | zingekhumbuze |
| Class 11 | lungakhumbuza | — | lungakhumbuza | lungekhumbuze | — | lungekhumbuze |
| Class 14 | bungakhumbuza | — | bungakhumbuza | bungekhumbuze | — | bungekhumbuze |
| Class 15 | kungakhumbuza | — | kungakhumbuza | kungekhumbuze | — | kungekhumbuze |
| Class 17 | kungakhumbuza | — | kungakhumbuza | kungekhumbuze | — | kungekhumbuze |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokhumbuza | engizokhumbuza | ngizokhumbuza | angizukhumbuza | engingezukhumbuza | ngingezukhumbuza |
| 2nd singular | uzokhumbuza | ozokhumbuza | uzokhumbuza | awuzukhumbuza | ongezukhumbuza | ungezukhumbuza |
| 1st plural | sizokhumbuza | esizokhumbuza | sizokhumbuza | asizukhumbuza | esingezukhumbuza | singezukhumbuza |
| 2nd plural | nizokhumbuza | enizokhumbuza | nizokhumbuza | anizukhumbuza | eningezukhumbuza | ningezukhumbuza |
| Class 1 | uzokhumbuza | ozokhumbuza | ezokhumbuza | akazukhumbuza | ongezukhumbuza | engezukhumbuza |
| Class 2 | bazokhumbuza | abazokhumbuza | bezokhumbuza | abazukhumbuza | abangezukhumbuza | bengezukhumbuza |
| Class 3 | uzokhumbuza | ozokhumbuza | uzokhumbuza | awuzukhumbuza | ongezukhumbuza | ungezukhumbuza |
| Class 4 | izokhumbuza | ezokhumbuza | izokhumbuza | ayizukhumbuza | engezukhumbuza | ingezukhumbuza |
| Class 5 | lizokhumbuza | elizokhumbuza | lizokhumbuza | alizukhumbuza | elingezukhumbuza | lingezukhumbuza |
| Class 6 | azokhumbuza | azokhumbuza | ezokhumbuza | awazukhumbuza | angezukhumbuza | engezukhumbuza |
| Class 7 | sizokhumbuza | esizokhumbuza | sizokhumbuza | asizukhumbuza | esingezukhumbuza | singezukhumbuza |
| Class 8 | zizokhumbuza | ezizokhumbuza | zizokhumbuza | azizukhumbuza | ezingezukhumbuza | zingezukhumbuza |
| Class 9 | izokhumbuza | ezokhumbuza | izokhumbuza | ayizukhumbuza | engezukhumbuza | ingezukhumbuza |
| Class 10 | zizokhumbuza | ezizokhumbuza | zizokhumbuza | azizukhumbuza | ezingezukhumbuza | zingezukhumbuza |
| Class 11 | luzokhumbuza | oluzokhumbuza | luzokhumbuza | aluzukhumbuza | olungezukhumbuza | lungezukhumbuza |
| Class 14 | buzokhumbuza | obuzokhumbuza | buzokhumbuza | abuzukhumbuza | obungezukhumbuza | bungezukhumbuza |
| Class 15 | kuzokhumbuza | okuzokhumbuza | kuzokhumbuza | akuzukhumbuza | okungezukhumbuza | kungezukhumbuza |
| Class 17 | kuzokhumbuza | okuzokhumbuza | kuzokhumbuza | akuzukhumbuza | okungezukhumbuza | kungezukhumbuza |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhumbuza | engiyokhumbuza | ngiyokhumbuza | angiyukhumbuza | engingeyukhumbuza | ngingeyukhumbuza |
| 2nd singular | uyokhumbuza | oyokhumbuza | uyokhumbuza | awuyukhumbuza | ongeyukhumbuza | ungeyukhumbuza |
| 1st plural | siyokhumbuza | esiyokhumbuza | siyokhumbuza | asiyukhumbuza | esingeyukhumbuza | singeyukhumbuza |
| 2nd plural | niyokhumbuza | eniyokhumbuza | niyokhumbuza | aniyukhumbuza | eningeyukhumbuza | ningeyukhumbuza |
| Class 1 | uyokhumbuza | oyokhumbuza | eyokhumbuza | akayukhumbuza | ongeyukhumbuza | engeyukhumbuza |
| Class 2 | bayokhumbuza | abayokhumbuza | beyokhumbuza | abayukhumbuza | abangeyukhumbuza | bengeyukhumbuza |
| Class 3 | uyokhumbuza | oyokhumbuza | uyokhumbuza | awuyukhumbuza | ongeyukhumbuza | ungeyukhumbuza |
| Class 4 | iyokhumbuza | eyokhumbuza | iyokhumbuza | ayiyukhumbuza | engeyukhumbuza | ingeyukhumbuza |
| Class 5 | liyokhumbuza | eliyokhumbuza | liyokhumbuza | aliyukhumbuza | elingeyukhumbuza | lingeyukhumbuza |
| Class 6 | ayokhumbuza | ayokhumbuza | eyokhumbuza | awayukhumbuza | angeyukhumbuza | engeyukhumbuza |
| Class 7 | siyokhumbuza | esiyokhumbuza | siyokhumbuza | asiyukhumbuza | esingeyukhumbuza | singeyukhumbuza |
| Class 8 | ziyokhumbuza | eziyokhumbuza | ziyokhumbuza | aziyukhumbuza | ezingeyukhumbuza | zingeyukhumbuza |
| Class 9 | iyokhumbuza | eyokhumbuza | iyokhumbuza | ayiyukhumbuza | engeyukhumbuza | ingeyukhumbuza |
| Class 10 | ziyokhumbuza | eziyokhumbuza | ziyokhumbuza | aziyukhumbuza | ezingeyukhumbuza | zingeyukhumbuza |
| Class 11 | luyokhumbuza | oluyokhumbuza | luyokhumbuza | aluyukhumbuza | olungeyukhumbuza | lungeyukhumbuza |
| Class 14 | buyokhumbuza | obuyokhumbuza | buyokhumbuza | abuyukhumbuza | obungeyukhumbuza | bungeyukhumbuza |
| Class 15 | kuyokhumbuza | okuyokhumbuza | kuyokhumbuza | akuyukhumbuza | okungeyukhumbuza | kungeyukhumbuza |
| Class 17 | kuyokhumbuza | okuyokhumbuza | kuyokhumbuza | akuyukhumbuza | okungeyukhumbuza | kungeyukhumbuza |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngikhumbuze | ngingakhumbuzi |
| 2nd singular | ukhumbuze | ungakhumbuzi |
| 1st plural | sikhumbuze | singakhumbuzi |
| 2nd plural | nikhumbuze | ningakhumbuzi |
| Class 1 | akhumbuze | angakhumbuzi |
| Class 2 | bakhumbuze | bangakhumbuzi |
| Class 3 | ukhumbuze | ungakhumbuzi |
| Class 4 | ikhumbuze | ingakhumbuzi |
| Class 5 | likhumbuze | lingakhumbuzi |
| Class 6 | akhumbuze | angakhumbuzi |
| Class 7 | sikhumbuze | singakhumbuzi |
| Class 8 | zikhumbuze | zingakhumbuzi |
| Class 9 | ikhumbuze | ingakhumbuzi |
| Class 10 | zikhumbuze | zingakhumbuzi |
| Class 11 | lukhumbuze | lungakhumbuzi |
| Class 14 | bukhumbuze | bungakhumbuzi |
| Class 15 | kukhumbuze | kungakhumbuzi |
| Class 17 | kukhumbuze | kungakhumbuzi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhumbuza | ngangakhumbuza, angakhumbuza, angangakhumbuza |
| 2nd singular | wakhumbuza | wangakhumbuza, awakhumbuza, awangakhumbuza |
| 1st plural | sakhumbuza | sangakhumbuza, asakhumbuza, asangakhumbuza |
| 2nd plural | nakhumbuza | nangakhumbuza, anakhumbuza, anangakhumbuza |
| Class 1 | wakhumbuza | wangakhumbuza, akakhumbuza, akangakhumbuza |
| Class 2 | bakhumbuza | bangakhumbuza, abakhumbuza, abangakhumbuza |
| Class 3 | wakhumbuza | wangakhumbuza, awakhumbuza, awangakhumbuza |
| Class 4 | yakhumbuza | yangakhumbuza, ayakhumbuza, ayangakhumbuza |
| Class 5 | lakhumbuza | langakhumbuza, alakhumbuza, alangakhumbuza |
| Class 6 | akhumbuza | angakhumbuza, awakhumbuza, awangakhumbuza |
| Class 7 | sakhumbuza | sangakhumbuza, asakhumbuza, asangakhumbuza |
| Class 8 | zakhumbuza | zangakhumbuza, azakhumbuza, azangakhumbuza |
| Class 9 | yakhumbuza | yangakhumbuza, ayakhumbuza, ayangakhumbuza |
| Class 10 | zakhumbuza | zangakhumbuza, azakhumbuza, azangakhumbuza |
| Class 11 | lwakhumbuza | lwangakhumbuza, alwakhumbuza, alwangakhumbuza |
| Class 14 | bakhumbuza | bangakhumbuza, abakhumbuza, abangakhumbuza |
| Class 15 | kwakhumbuza | kwangakhumbuza, akwakhumbuza, akwangakhumbuza |
| Class 17 | kwakhumbuza | kwangakhumbuza, akwakhumbuza, akwangakhumbuza |

#### Derived terms

* isikhumbuzo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khumbuza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khumbuza (3.2.9)”